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Cisco Aironet Access Point
Software Configuration Guide
340 and 350 Series
Software Release 11.21
Corporate Headquarters
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
USA
http://www.cisco.com
Tel: 408 526-4000
800 553-NETS (6387)
Fax: 408 526-4100
Text Part Number: OL-0657-06
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Cisco Aironet Access Point Software Configuration Guide
Copyright © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved.
C O N T E N T S
Preface xiii
Audience and Scope xiv
Organization xiv
Conventions xv
Related Publications xvi
Obtaining Documentation xvi
World Wide Web xvi
Documentation CD-ROM xvii
Ordering Documentation xvii
Documentation Feedback xvii
Obtaining Technical Assistance xviii
Cisco.com xviii
Technical Assistance Center xix
Cisco TAC Web Site xix
Cisco TAC Escalation Center xx
CHAPTER
Overview 1-1
Key Features 1-2
Management Options 1-3
Roaming Client Devices 1-3
Network Configuration Examples 1-4
Root Unit on a Wired LAN 1-4
Repeater Unit that Extends Wireless Range 1-5
Central Unit in an All-Wireless Network 1-6
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Contents
CHAPTER
Using the Management Interfaces 2-1
Using the Web-Browser Interface 2-2
Using the Web-Browser Interface for the First Time 2-2
Using the Management Pages in the Web-Browser Interface 2-2
Navigating Using the Map Windows 2-4
Using the Command-Line Interface 2-5
Preparing to Use a Terminal Emulator 2-6
Connecting the Serial Cable 2-6
Setting Up the Terminal Emulator 2-7
Changing Settings with the CLI 2-8
Selecting Pages and Settings 2-9
Applying Changes to the Configuration 2-9
Navigating the CLI 2-10
Using a Telnet Session 2-10
Using SNMP 2-11
Supported MIBs 2-11
CHAPTER
Configuration 3-1
Basic Settings 3-2
Entering Basic Settings 3-3
System Name 3-3
Configuration Server Protocol 3-3
Default IP Address 3-4
Default IP Subnet Mask 3-4
Default Gateway 3-4
Radio Service Set ID (SSID) 3-4
Role in Radio Network 3-5
Radio Network Optimization (Optimize Radio Network For) 3-7
Radio Network Compatibility (Ensure Compatibility With) 3-7
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SNMP Admin. Community 3-7
Filter Setup 3-8
Protocol Filtering 3-8
Creating a Protocol Filter 3-9
Enabling a Protocol Filter 3-12
MAC Address Filtering 3-13
Creating a MAC Address Filter 3-14
Radio Configuration 3-18
Entering Identity Information 3-18
Settings on the AP Radio Identification Page 3-19
Entering Radio Hardware Information 3-21
Settings on the AP Radio Hardware Page 3-22
Entering Advanced Configuration Information 3-30
Settings on the AP Radio Advanced Page 3-31
Ethernet Configuration 3-39
Entering Identity Information 3-39
Settings on the Ethernet Identification Page 3-40
Entering Ethernet Hardware Information 3-42
Settings on the Ethernet Hardware Page 3-43
Entering Advanced Configuration Information 3-44
Settings on the Ethernet Advanced Page 3-44
Server Setup 3-46
Entering Time Server Settings 3-47
Settings on the Time Server Setup Page 3-47
Entering Boot Server Settings 3-49
Settings on the Boot Server Setup Page 3-49
Entering Web Server Settings and Setting Up Access Point Help 3-53
Settings on the Web Server Setup Page 3-54
Entering Name Server Settings 3-56
Settings on the Name Server Setup Page 3-57
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Entering FTP Settings 3-58
Settings on the FTP Setup Page 3-59
Routing Setup 3-60
Entering Routing Settings 3-60
Default Gateway 3-61
New Network Route Settings 3-61
Installed Network Routes list 3-61
Association Table Display Setup 3-62
Association Table Filters Page 3-62
Settings on the Association Table Filters Page 3-63
Association Table Advanced Page 3-66
Settings on the Association Table Advanced Page 3-67
Event Notification Setup 3-69
Event Display Setup Page 3-69
Settings on the Event Display Setup Page 3-69
Event Handling Setup Page 3-72
Settings on the Event Handling Setup Page 3-74
Event Notifications Setup Page 3-76
Settings on the Event Notifications Setup Page 3-77
CHAPTER
Security Setup 4-1
Security Overview 4-2
Levels of Security 4-2
Encrypting Radio Signals with WEP 4-3
Additional WEP Security Features 4-3
Network Authentication Types 4-4
Combining MAC-Based, EAP, and Open Authentication 4-8
Protecting the Access Point Configuration with User Manager 4-9
Setting Up WEP 4-9
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Using SNMP to Set Up WEP 4-12
Enabling Additional WEP Security Features 4-13
Enabling Message Integrity Check (MIC) 4-14
Enabling Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 4-16
Enabling Broadcast WEP Key Rotation 4-17
Setting Up Open or Shared Key Authentication 4-19
Setting Up EAP Authentication 4-19
Enabling EAP on the Access Point 4-20
Enabling EAP in Cisco Secure ACS 4-25
Setting a Session-Based WEP Key Timeout 4-26
Setting up a Repeater Access Point as a LEAP Client 4-27
Setting Up MAC-Based Authentication 4-29
Enabling MAC-Based Authentication on the Access Point 4-29
Authenticating Client Devices Using MAC Addresses or EAP 4-34
Enabling MAC-Based Authentication in Cisco Secure ACS 4-35
Summary of Settings for Authentication Types 4-37
Setting Up Backup Authentication Servers 4-40
Setting Up Administrator Authorization 4-41
Creating a List of Authorized Management System Users 4-42
CHAPTER
Network Management 5-1
Using the Association Table 5-2
Browsing to Network Devices 5-2
Setting the Display Options 5-3
Using Station Pages 5-3
Information on Station Pages 5-5
Performing Pings and Link Tests 5-8
Clearing and Updating Statistics 5-10
Deauthenticating and Disassociating Client Devices 5-11
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Using the Network Map Window 5-11
Using Cisco Discovery Protocol 5-13
Settings on the CDP Setup Page 5-14
MIB for CDP 5-14
Assigning Network Ports 5-14
Settings on the Port Assignments Page 5-16
Enabling Wireless Network Accounting 5-16
Settings on the Accounting Setup Page 5-17
Accounting Attributes 5-19
CHAPTER
Managing Firmware and Configurations 6-1
Updating Firmware 6-2
Updating with the Browser from a Local Drive 6-2
Full Update of the Firmware Components 6-3
Selective Update of the Firmware Components 6-4
Updating from a File Server 6-5
Full Update of the Firmware Components 6-5
Selective Update of the Firmware Components 6-7
Distributing Firmware 6-8
Distributing a Configuration 6-9
Downloading, Uploading, and Resetting the Configuration 6-11
Downloading the Current Configuration 6-12
Uploading a Configuration 6-12
Uploading from a Local Drive 6-12
Uploading from a File Server 6-13
Resetting the Configuration 6-15
Restarting the Access Point 6-16
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CHAPTER
Management System Setup 7-1
SNMP Setup 7-2
Settings on the SNMP Setup Page 7-2
Using the Database Query Page 7-3
Settings on the Database Query Page 7-4
Changing Settings with the Database Query Page 7-4
Console and Telnet Setup 7-5
Settings on the Console/Telnet Page 7-5
CHAPTER
Special Configurations 8-1
Setting Up a Repeater Access Point 8-1
Using Hot Standby Mode 8-6
CHAPTER
Diagnostics and Troubleshooting 9-1
Using Diagnostic Pages 9-2
Radio Diagnostics Page 9-2
Antenna Alignment Test 9-3
Carrier Test 9-5
Network Ports Page 9-6
Identifying Information and Status 9-8
Data Received 9-8
Data Transmitted 9-9
Ethernet Port Page 9-10
AP Radio Page 9-13
Event Log Page 9-17
Display Settings 9-17
Log Headings 9-18
Saving the Log 9-18
Event Log Summary Page 9-19
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Using Command-Line Diagnostics 9-20
Entering Diagnostic Commands 9-21
Diagnostic Command Results 9-22
:eap_diag1_on 9-22
:eap_diag2_on 9-23
:vxdiag_arpshow 9-23
:vxdiag_checkstack 9-25
:vxdiag_hostshow 9-26
:vxdiag_i 9-27
:vxdiag_ipstatshow 9-28
:vxdiag_memshow 9-29
:vxdiag_muxshow 9-30
:vxdiag_routeshow 9-31
:vxdiag_tcpstatshow 9-32
:vxdiag_udpstatshow 9-33
Tracing Packets 9-33
Reserving Access Point Memory for a Packet Trace Log File 9-33
Tracing Packets for Specific Devices 9-34
Tracing Packets for Ethernet and Radio Ports 9-35
Viewing Packet Trace Data 9-36
Packets Stored in a Log File 9-37
Packets Displayed on the CLI 9-38
Checking the Top Panel Indicators 9-38
Finding an Access Point by Blinking the Top Panel Indicators 9-41
Checking Basic Settings 9-41
SSID 9-41
WEP Keys 9-41
EAP Authentication Requires Matching 802.1x Protocol Drafts 9-42
Resetting to the Default Configuration 9-44
Steps for Firmware Versions 11.07 or Later 9-44
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Steps for Firmware Versions 11.06 or Earlier 9-46
Determining the Boot-Block Version 9-46
Reconfiguration Steps for Boot Block Version 1.01 or Earlier 9-47
Reconfiguration Steps for Boot Block Version 1.02 or Later 9-49
APPENDIX
Menu Tree A-1
APPENDIX
Protocol Filter Lists B-1
APPENDIX
Channels, Power Levels, and Antenna Gains C-1
Channels C-2
Maximum Power Levels and Antenna Gains C-3
INDEXINDEX
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Preface
The Cisco Aironet Access Point Software Configuration Guide describes how to
configure Cisco Aironet Access Points using the web-based management system.
This manual also briefly describes how to use the console-based management
system.
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Preface
Audience and Scope
Audience and Scope
This guide is for the network manager responsible for configuring a wireless
network. Before using the material in this guide, you should be familiar with some
of the concepts and terminology of Ethernet and wireless local area networking.
The scope of this guide is to provide the information you need to change the
configuration of an access point, use the access point management system to
browse to other devices on a wireless network, and troubleshoot problems with
the access point that might arise.
Organization
This guide is organized into the following chapters:
Chapter 1, “Overview,” is a functional overview of the access point management
system. It describes the features of the management system and the access point’s
role in a wireless network.
Chapter 2, “Using the Management Interfaces,” describes how to use the
web-based and console-based management interfaces.
Chapter 3, “Configuration,” describes the how to use the web-based management
system to configure the access point.
Chapter 4, “Security Setup,” describes how to set up and enable the access point’s
security features.
Chapter 5, “Network Management,” describes how to use the web-based
management system to browse to other devices on a wireless network.
Chapter 6, “Managing Firmware and Configurations,” describes how to update
the access point’s firmware and use the management system to distribute firmware
and configurations to other access points.
Chapter 7, “Management System Setup,” describes methods of managing the
access point other than through the access point management system.
Chapter 8, “Special Configurations,” describes how to set up the access point in
network roles other than as a root unit on a wired LAN, such as in repeater or Hot
Standby mode.
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Preface
Conventions
Chapter 9, “Diagnostics and Troubleshooting,” describes how to identify and
resolve some of the problems that might arise when you configure an access point
running this software release.
Appendix A, “Menu Tree,” provides an overview of the management system’s
menu organization.
Appendix B, “Protocol Filter Lists,” lists the protocols you can select for filtering
on the management system’s Protocol Filters pages.
Appendix C, “Channels, Power Levels, and Antenna Gains,” lists the channels
supported by the world’s regulatory domains.
Conventions
This publication uses the following conventions to convey instructions and
information:
Command descriptions use these conventions:
•
Commands and keywords are in boldface text.
Notes and cautions use the following conventions and symbols:
Note
Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to
materials not contained in this manual.
Tip
Means the following are useful tips.
Caution
Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could
result in equipment damage or loss of data.
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Preface
Related Publications
Related Publications
The following documents provide more information about access points and
related products:
•
Quick Start Guide: Cisco Aironet Access Points describes how to attach
cables, power on, and assign an IP address and default gateway for the access
point.
•
Cisco Aironet Access Point Hardware Installation Guide describes the access
point’s hardware features, its physical and performance characteristics, and
how to install the access point.
•
Release Notes for Cisco Aironet 340 and 350 Series Access Points and 350
Series Bridges describes features and caveats for access points running
firmware release 11.20.
•
Cisco Secure Access Control Server for Windows 2000/NT Servers Version
2.6 User Guide provides complete instructions for using Cisco Secure ACS,
including steps for configuring Cisco Secure ACS to support access points.
•
Quick Start Guide: Cisco Aironet Wireless LAN Adapters describes how to
install and configure PC and PCI client adapter cards for use in a wireless
LAN.
•
Cisco Aironet Wireless LAN Adapter Installation and Configuration Guide
provides hardware features, physical and performance characteristics, and
installation instructions for PC and PCI Card client adapters. It also provides
instructions for installing and using the wireless client adapter utilities.
Obtaining Documentation
These sections explain how to obtain documentation from Cisco Systems.
World Wide Web
You can access the most current Cisco documentation on the World Wide Web at
this URL:
http://www.cisco.com
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Preface
Obtaining Documentation
Translated documentation is available at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml
Documentation CD-ROM
Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a Cisco
Documentation CD-ROM package, which is shipped with your product. The
Documentation CD-ROM is updated monthly and may be more current than
printed documentation. The CD-ROM package is available as a single unit or
through an annual subscription.
Ordering Documentation
You can order Cisco documentation in these ways:
•
Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order Cisco product
documentation from the Networking Products MarketPlace:
http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/order/order_root.pl
•
Registered Cisco.com users can order the Documentation CD-ROM through
the online Subscription Store:
http://www.cisco.com/go/subscription
•
Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local
account representative by calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters
(California, U.S.A.) at 408 526-7208 or, elsewhere in North America, by
calling 800 553-NETS (6387).
Documentation Feedback
You can submit comments electronically on Cisco.com. In the Cisco
Documentation home page, click the Fax or Email option in the “Leave
Feedback” section at the bottom of the page.
You can e-mail your comments to bug-doc@cisco.com.
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Preface
Obtaining Technical Assistance
You can submit your comments by mail by using the response card behind the
front cover of your document or by writing to the following address:
Cisco Systems
Attn: Document Resource Connection
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-9883
We appreciate your comments.
Obtaining Technical Assistance
Cisco provides Cisco.com as a starting point for all technical assistance.
Customers and partners can obtain online documentation, troubleshooting tips,
and sample configurations from online tools by using the Cisco Technical
Assistance Center (TAC) Web Site. Cisco.com registered users have complete
access to the technical support resources on the Cisco TAC Web Site.
Cisco.com
Cisco.com is the foundation of a suite of interactive, networked services that
provides immediate, open access to Cisco information, networking solutions,
services, programs, and resources at any time, from anywhere in the world.
Cisco.com is a highly integrated Internet application and a powerful, easy-to-use
tool that provides a broad range of features and services to help you with these
tasks:
•
Streamline business processes and improve productivity
•
Resolve technical issues with online support
•
Download and test software packages
•
Order Cisco learning materials and merchandise
•
Register for online skill assessment, training, and certification programs
If you want to obtain customized information and service, you can self-register on
Cisco.com. To access Cisco.com, go to this URL:
http://www.cisco.com
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Obtaining Technical Assistance
Technical Assistance Center
The Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) is available to all customers who
need technical assistance with a Cisco product, technology, or solution. Two
levels of support are available: the Cisco TAC Web Site and the Cisco TAC
Escalation Center.
Cisco TAC inquiries are categorized according to the urgency of the issue:
•
Priority level 4 (P4)—You need information or assistance concerning Cisco
product capabilities, product installation, or basic product configuration.
•
Priority level 3 (P3)—Your network performance is degraded. Network
functionality is noticeably impaired, but most business operations continue.
•
Priority level 2 (P2)—Your production network is severely degraded,
affecting significant aspects of business operations. No workaround is
available.
•
Priority level 1 (P1)—Your production network is down, and a critical impact
to business operations will occur if service is not restored quickly. No
workaround is available.
The Cisco TAC resource that you choose is based on the priority of the problem
and the conditions of service contracts, when applicable.
Cisco TAC Web Site
You can use the Cisco TAC Web Site to resolve P3 and P4 issues yourself, saving
both cost and time. The site provides around-the-clock access to online tools,
knowledge bases, and software. To access the Cisco TAC Web Site, go to this
URL:
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All customers, partners, and resellers who have a valid Cisco service contract have
complete access to the technical support resources on the Cisco TAC Web Site.
The Cisco TAC Web Site requires a Cisco.com login ID and password. If you have
a valid service contract but do not have a login ID or password, go to this URL to
register:
http://www.cisco.com/register/
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Obtaining Technical Assistance
If you are a Cisco.com registered user, and you cannot resolve your technical
issues by using the Cisco TAC Web Site, you can open a case online by using the
TAC Case Open tool at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/tac/caseopen
If you have Internet access, we recommend that you open P3 and P4 cases through
the Cisco TAC Web Site.
Cisco TAC Escalation Center
The Cisco TAC Escalation Center addresses priority level 1 or priority level 2
issues. These classifications are assigned when severe network degradation
significantly impacts business operations. When you contact the TAC Escalation
Center with a P1 or P2 problem, a Cisco TAC engineer automatically opens a case.
To obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers for your country,
go to this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml
Before calling, please check with your network operations center to determine the
level of Cisco support services to which your company is entitled: for example,
SMARTnet, SMARTnet Onsite, or Network Supported Accounts (NSA). When
you call the center, please have available your service agreement number and your
product serial number.
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C H A P T E R
Overview
Cisco Aironet access points are wireless LAN transceivers that serve as the center
point of a stand-alone wireless network or as the connection point between
wireless and wired networks. In large installations, wireless users within radio
range of an access point can roam throughout a facility while maintaining
seamless, uninterrupted access to the network.
The access point uses a browser-based management system, but you can also
configure the access point using a terminal emulator, a Telnet session, or Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
This chapter provides information on the following topics:
•
Key Features, page 1-2
•
Management Options, page 1-3
•
Roaming Client Devices, page 1-3
•
Network Configuration Examples, page 1-4
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Chapter 1
Overview
Key Features
Key Features
This section describes the key features of the access point firmware. The
following are the key features of this firmware version:
•
Use accounting to collect data on wireless devices—You can enable
accounting on the access point to send accounting data about wireless client
devices to a RADIUS server on your network. See the “Enabling Wireless
Network Accounting” section on page 5-16 for instructions on enabling
accounting.
Note
•
Enable additional protection for WEP keys—You can enable three advanced
security features to protect against sophisticated attacks on your wireless
network’s WEP keys: Message Integrity Check (MIC), Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol (TKIP, also known as WEP key hashing), and broadcast
WEP key rotation. See the “Additional WEP Security Features” section on
page 4-3 for more information on additional WEP protection.
Note
•
Wireless network accounting is available in firmware versions
11.10T and later, which are available on Cisco.com. You can
download Cisco Aironet firmware releases at
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-wireless.shtml.
Additional WEP protection is available in firmware versions
11.10T and later, which are available on Cisco.com. You can
download Cisco Aironet firmware releases at
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-wireless.shtml.
Use EAP to Authenticate Repeater Access Points—Set up repeater access
points to authenticate to your network like other wireless client devices. After
you provide a network username and password for the repeater, it
authenticates to your network using LEAP, Cisco’s wireless authentication
method, and receives and uses dynamic WEP keys. See the “Setting up a
Repeater Access Point as a LEAP Client” section on page 4-27 for
instructions on setting up a repeater access point.
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Chapter 1
Overview
Management Options
Note
LEAP authentication for repeater access points is available in
firmware versions 11.10T and later, which are available on
Cisco.com. You can download Cisco Aironet firmware releases at
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-wireless.shtml.
Management Options
You can use the access point management system through the following
interfaces:
•
A web-browser interface
•
A command-line interface (CLI)
•
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
The access point’s management system pages are organized the same way for the
web- browser interface and the CLI. The examples in this manual are all taken
from the browser interface. Chapter 2, “Using the Management Interfaces”
provides a detailed description of each management option.
Roaming Client Devices
If you have more than one access point in your wireless LAN, wireless client
devices can roam seamlessly from one access point to another. The roaming
functionality is based on signal quality, not proximity. When a client’s signal
quality drops, it roams to another access point.
Wireless LAN users are sometimes concerned when a client device stays
associated to a distant access point instead of roaming to a closer access point.
However, if a client’s signal to a distant access point remains strong, the client will
not roam to a closer access point. If client devices checked constantly for closer
access points, the extra radio traffic would slow throughput on the wireless LAN.
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Chapter 1
Overview
Network Configuration Examples
Network Configuration Examples
This section describes the access point’s role in three common wireless network
configurations. The access point’s default configuration is as a root unit
connected to a wired LAN or as the central unit in an all-wireless network. The
repeater role requires a specific configuration.
Root Unit on a Wired LAN
An access point connected directly to a wired LAN provides a connection point
for wireless users. If more than one access point is connected to the LAN, users
can roam from one area of a facility to another without losing their connection to
the network. As users move out of range of one access point, they automatically
connect to the network (associate) through another access point. The roaming
process is seamless and transparent to the user. Figure 1-1 shows access points
acting as root units on a wired LAN.
Figure 1-1
Access Points as Root Units on a Wired LAN
Access Point
(Root Unit)
Access Point
(Root Unit)
45835
Wired LAN
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Network Configuration Examples
Repeater Unit that Extends Wireless Range
An access point can be configured as a stand-alone repeater to extend the range of
your infrastructure or to overcome an obstacle that blocks radio communication.
The repeater forwards traffic between wireless users and the wired LAN by
sending packets to either another repeater or to an access point connected to the
wired LAN. The data is sent through the route that provides the best performance
for the client. Figure 1-2 shows an access point acting as a repeater. Consult the
“Setting Up a Repeater Access Point” section on page 8-1 for instructions on
setting up an access point as a repeater.
Note
Non-Cisco client devices might have difficulty communicating with repeater
access points.
Figure 1-2
Access Point as Repeater
Access Point
(Root Unit)
Wired LAN
45836
Access Point
(Repeater)
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Central Unit in an All-Wireless Network
In an all-wireless network, an access point acts as a stand-alone root unit. The
access point is not attached to a wired LAN; it functions as a hub linking all
stations together. The access point serves as the focal point for communications,
increasing the communication range of wireless users. Figure 1-3 shows an access
point in an all-wireless network.
Figure 1-3
Access Point as Central Unit in All-Wireless Network
45834
Access Point
(Root Unit)
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Using the Management Interfaces
This chapter describes the interfaces you can use to configure the access point.
You can use a web-browser interface, a command-line interface through a
terminal emulator or a Telnet session, or a Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) application. The access point’s management system web pages are
organized the same way for the web browser and command-line interfaces. The
examples in this manual show the web-browser interface.
This chapter contains the following sections:
•
Using the Web-Browser Interface, page 2-2
•
Using the Command-Line Interface, page 2-5
•
Using SNMP, page 2-11
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Using the Management Interfaces
Using the Web-Browser Interface
Using the Web-Browser Interface
The web-browser interface contains management pages that you use to change
access point settings, upgrade and distribute firmware, and monitor and configure
other wireless devices on the network.
Note
The access point management system is fully compatible with Microsoft
Internet Explorer versions 4.0 or later and Netscape Communicator versions
4.0 or later. Earlier versions of these browsers cannot use all features of the
management system.
Using the Web-Browser Interface for the First Time
Use the access point’s IP address to browse to the management system. See the
Quick Start Guide: Cisco Aironet 350 Series Access Points for instructions on
assigning an IP address to the access point.
Follow these steps to begin using the web-browser interface:
Step 1
Start the browser.
Step 2
Enter the access point’s IP address in the browser Location field (Netscape
Communicator) or Address field (Internet Explorer) and press Enter.
If the access point has not been configured, the Express Setup page appears. If the
access point has been configured, the Summary Status page appears.
Using the Management Pages in the Web-Browser Interface
The system management pages use consistent techniques to present and save
configuration information. Navigation buttons appear at the top of the page, and
configuration action buttons appear at the bottom. You use the navigation buttons
to display other management pages, and you use the configuration action buttons
to save or cancel changes to the configuration.
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Using the Web-Browser Interface
Note
It’s important to remember that clicking your browser’s Back button is the
same as clicking Cancel: if you make changes on a management page, your
changes are not applied when you click Back. Changes are only applied when
you click Apply or OK.
Table 2-1 lists the page links and buttons that appear on most management pages.
Table 2-1
Common Buttons on Management Pages
Button/Link
Description
Navigation Links
Home
Displays the Summary Status page.
Map
Opens the Map window, which contains links to every
management page.
Network
Displays the Network Ports page.
Associations
Displays the Association Table page, which provides a list of
all devices on the wireless network and links to the devices.
Setup
Displays the Setup page, which contains links to the
management pages with configuration settings.
Logs
Displays the Event Log page, which lists system events and
their severity levels.
Help
Displays the online help for the current window and the
online help table of contents.
Login
Logs you into the access point’s management system for
access to all pages and features appropriate for your user
level.
Configuration Action Buttons
Apply
Saves changes made on the page and remain on the page.
OK
Saves changes made on the page and return to the previous
page.
Cancel
Discards changes to the page and return to the previous page.
Restore Defaults Returns all settings on the page to their default values.
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Using the Web-Browser Interface
Navigating Using the Map Windows
The Map window appears when you click Map at the top of any management
page. You can use the Map window to jump quickly to any system management
page, or to a map of your entire wireless network.
Note
Your Internet browser must have Java enabled to use the map windows.
To display the sub-pages for each main page, click the bullet next to a main page
link (Microsoft Internet Explorer), or click expand next to a main page link
(Netscape Communicator). In Figure 2-1, the sub-pages for the Network Ports
page are expanded.
Figure 2-1
Map Window with Network Ports Pages Expanded
The Network Map window appears when you click Network Map in the Map
window. You use the Network Map window to open a new browser window
displaying information for any device on your wireless network. Figure 2-2 shows
the Network Map window.
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Using the Command-Line Interface
Figure 2-2
The Network Map Window
Click the name of a wireless device to open a new browser window displaying a
Station page listing the access point’s local information for that device. Click Go
beside the device name to open a new browser window displaying that device’s
home page, if available. Some devices, such as PC Card clients, might not have
home pages.
Click show clients to display all the wireless client devices on your network. The
client names appear under the access point or bridge with which they are
associated. If clients are displayed, click hide clients to display only non-client
devices.
Using the Command-Line Interface
You can use a command-line interface (CLI) to configure your access point
through a terminal emulation program or a Telnet session instead of through your
browser. This section provides instructions for Microsoft’s HyperTerminal and for
Telnet; other programs are similar.
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Using the Management Interfaces
Using the Command-Line Interface
Preparing to Use a Terminal Emulator
To use a terminal emulator to open the CLI, you need to:
1.
Connect a nine-pin, straight-through DB-9 serial cable to the RS-232 serial
port on the access point and to the COM port on a computer.
2.
Set up a terminal emulator to communicate with the access point. Use the
following settings for the terminal emulator connection: 9600 baud, 8 data
bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, Xon/Xoff flow control.
Use the Console/Telnet Setup page to adjust the console and Telnet
connection settings. See the “Console and Telnet Setup” section on page 7-5
for details on the Console/Telnet Setup page.
Connecting the Serial Cable
Connect a nine-pin, male-to-female, straight-through serial cable to the COM port
on a computer and to the RS-232 serial port on the access point. Figure 2-3 shows
the serial port on an access point with a plastic case, and Figure 2-4 shows the
location of the serial port on an access point with a metal case.
Figure 2-3
5VDC
Connecting the Serial Cable on Access Point with Plastic Case
SERIAL
SERIAL
ETHERN
ET
RS-232
9-pin serial extension
cable to PC COM port
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Using the Command-Line Interface
Connecting the Serial Cable on Access Point with Metal Case
IE
IS
5VDC
0 N
5 I
3 O
T P
E S
N S
O CE
IR C
IT
IV
T S
A TU
T A
E T
N S
R N
H IO
T T Y
E CIA IT
O IV
S CT
A A
IO
Figure 2-4
SERIAL PO
LEFT
RT
SERIAL POR
ONLINE
POWER
ETHERN
ET
RIGHT/P
RIMARY
RS-232
9-pin serial extension
cable to PC COM port
Setting Up the Terminal Emulator
Follow these steps to set up the terminal emulator:
Step 1
Open a terminal emulator.
Step 2
Enter these settings for the connection:
Step 3
•
Bits per second (baud rate): 9600
•
Data bits: 8
•
Parity: none
•
Stop bits: 1
•
Flow control: Xon/Xoff
Press = to display the home page of the access point. If the access point has not
been configured before, the Express Setup page appears as the home page. If the
access point is already configured, the Summary Status page appears as the home
page.
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Using the Command-Line Interface
Changing Settings with the CLI
The CLI pages use consistent techniques to present and save configuration
information. Table 2-2 lists the functions that appear on most CLI pages, and
Figure 2-5 shows a CLI page example.
Table 2-2
Common Functions on CLI Pages
Function
Description
Press Enter
three times
Refreshes the page and cancel changes to settings.
Ctrl-R
Refreshes the page and cancel changes to settings.
Returns to the home page without applying changes.
:back
Moves back one page without applying changes.
:bottom
Jumps to the bottom of a long page, such as Event Log. When
you are at the bottom of a page, this function becomes :top.
:down
Moves down one page length (24 lines) on a long page, such
as Event Log. When you are at the bottom of a long page, this
function becomes :up.
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Figure 2-5
CLI Page Example
Selecting Pages and Settings
When you type names and settings that appear in brackets you jump to that page
or setting. HyperTerminal jumps to the page or setting as soon as it recognizes a
unique name, so you only need to type the first few characters in the page or
setting name. To jump from the home page to the Setup page, for example, you
only need to type se.
Applying Changes to the Configuration
The CLI’s auto-apply feature is on by default, so changes you make to any page
are applied automatically when you move to another management page. To apply
changes and stay on the current page, type apply and press Enter.
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Using the Command-Line Interface
Navigating the CLI
The organization of the CLI pages is identical to the web-browser pages. Consult
Appendix A, “Menu Tree,” for a complete organizational overview of the
management pages.
Using a Telnet Session
Follow these steps to browse to the CLI pages with Telnet:
Step 1
On your computer’s Start menu, select Programs > Accessories > Telnet.
If Telnet is not listed in your Accessories menu, select Start > Run, type Telnet
in the entry field, and press Enter.
Step 2
When the Telnet window appears, click Connect and select Remote System.
Note
Step 3
In Windows 2000, the Telnet window does not contain pull-down
menus. To start the Telnet session in Windows 2000, type open
followed by the access point’s IP address.
In the Host Name field, type the access point’s IP address and click Connect.
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Using SNMP
Using SNMP
You use an SNMP management application to configure the access point with
SNMP. Follow these steps to configure the access point with SNMP:
Step 1
Compile the MIB you need to use in your SNMP management application. MIBs
supported by the access point are listed in Supported MIBs.
Step 2
Use a web browser, a Telnet session, or the console interface to open the Express
Setup page in the access point management system.
Step 3
Enter an SNMP community name in the SNMP Admin. Community field and
click OK or Apply.
Step 4
Follow this link path to reach the SNMP Setup page:
a.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
b.
On the Setup page, click SNMP in the Services section of the page.
Use the SNMP Setup page to enter detailed SNMP settings, such as the SNMP
trap destination. See the “SNMP Setup” section on page 7-2 for details on the
SNMP Setup page.
Supported MIBs
The access point supports the following MIBs:
•
Standard MIB-II (RFC1213-MIB.my)
Supported branches:
– system (1.3.6.1.2.1.1)
– interfaces (1.3.6.1.2.1.2)
– ip (1.3.6.1.2.1.4)
– tcp (1.3.6.1.2.1.6)
– udp (1.3.6.1.2.1.7)
– snmp (1.3.6.1.2.1.11)
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Using SNMP
To download this MIB, browse to
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml and click
SNMP v1 MIBs. Scroll down the list of files and select RFC1213-MIB.my.
•
Cisco Discovery Protocol MIB (CISCO-CDP-MIB-V1SMI.my)
– Supported branch: ciscoCdpMIB (1.3.6.1.4.1.9.23)
To download this MIB, browse to
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml and click
SNMP v1 MIBs. Scroll down the list of files and select
CISCO-CDP-MIB-V1SMI.my.
•
Cisco Aironet Access Point MIB (AWCVX-MIB.my)
– Supported branch: awcVx (1.3.6.1.4.1.522.3)
You can download the latest release of the access point MIB at the following
URL:
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-wireless.shtml
•
IEEE802dot11-MIB.my:
– Supported branch: ieee802dot11 (1.2.840.10036)
To download this MIB, browse to
ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v1/IEEE802dot11-MIB-V1SMI.my.
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Configuration
This chapter describes how to use the pages in the access point management
system to configure the access point. The main Setup page provides links to all
the pages containing access point settings.
This chapter contains the following sections:
•
Basic Settings, page 3-2
•
Filter Setup, page 3-8
•
Radio Configuration, page 3-18
•
Ethernet Configuration, page 3-39
•
Server Setup, page 3-46
•
Routing Setup, page 3-60
•
Association Table Display Setup, page 3-62
•
Event Notification Setup, page 3-69
See Chapter 4, “Security Setup” for information on setting up the access point’s
security features.
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Basic Settings
Basic Settings
This section describes the basic settings on the Express Setup page. If you need
to set up an access point quickly with a simple configuration, or change or update
a basic setting, you can enter all the access point’s essential settings for basic
operation on the Express Setup page. Figure 3-1 shows the Express Setup page.
Figure 3-1
The Express Setup Page
Follow this link path to reach the Express Setup page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Express Setup.
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Basic Settings
Entering Basic Settings
The Express Setup page contains the following settings:
•
System Name
•
Configuration Server Protocol
•
Default IP Address
•
Default IP Subnet Mask
•
Default Gateway
•
Radio Service Set ID (SSID)
•
Role in Radio Network
•
Radio Network Optimization (Optimize Radio Network For)
•
Radio Network Compatibility (Ensure Compatibility With)
•
SNMP Admin. Community
System Name
The system name appears in the titles of the management system pages and in the
access point’s Association Table page. The system name is not an essential
setting, but it helps identify the access point on your network.
The access point’s Media Access Control (MAC) address appears under the
system name. The MAC address is a unique serial number permanently assigned
to the access point’s Ethernet controller. You cannot change the access point’s
MAC address.
Configuration Server Protocol
Set the Configuration Server Protocol to match the network's method of IP
address assignment. Click the Configuration Server link to jump to the Boot
Server Setup page, which contains detailed settings for configuring the access
point to work with your network’s BOOTP or DHCP servers for automatic
assignment of IP addresses.
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Basic Settings
The Configuration Server Protocol pull-down menu contains the following
options:
•
None—Your network does not have an automatic system for IP address
assignment.
•
BOOTP—With Bootstrap Protocol, IP addresses are hard-coded based on
MAC addresses.
•
DHCP—With Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, IP addresses are
“leased” for predetermined periods of time.
Default IP Address
Use this setting to assign or change the access point’s IP address. If DHCP or
BOOTP is not enabled for your network, the IP address you enter in this field is
the access point’s IP address. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled, this field provides
the IP address only if no server responds with an IP address for the access point.
Default IP Subnet Mask
Enter an IP subnet mask to identify the subnetwork so the IP address can be
recognized on the LAN. If DHCP or BOOTP is not enabled, this field is the subnet
mask. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled, this field provides the subnet mask only if
no server responds to the access point’s DHCP or BOOTP request.
Default Gateway
Enter the IP address of your default internet gateway here. The entry
255.255.255.255 indicates no gateway. Clicking the Gateway link takes you to the
Routing Setup page, which contains detailed settings for configuring the access
point to communicate with the IP network routing system.
Radio Service Set ID (SSID)
The SSID is a unique identifier that client devices use to associate with the access
point. The SSID helps client devices distinguish between multiple wireless
networks in the same vicinity. Several access points on a network or sub-network
can share an SSID. The SSID can be any alphanumeric, case-sensitive entry from
two to 32 characters long.
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Role in Radio Network
Use this pull-down menu to select the role of the access point on your network.
The menu contains the following options:
•
Root Access Point—A wireless LAN transceiver that connects an Ethernet
network with wireless client stations. Use this setting if the access point is
connected to the wired LAN. Figure 3-2 shows an access point operating as a
root unit in a network.
Figure 3-2
Root-Unit Access Points
Access Point
(Root Unit)
Access Point
(Root Unit)
45835
Wired LAN
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•
Repeater Access Point—An access point that transfers data between a client
and another access point or repeater. Use this setting for access points not
connected to the wired LAN. Figure 3-3 shows an access point operating as a
repeater in a network.
Note
Non-Cisco client devices might have difficulty communicating with
repeater access points.
Figure 3-3
Repeater Access Point
Access Point
(Root Unit)
Wired LAN
45836
Access Point
(Repeater)
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Basic Settings
•
Site Survey Client—A wireless device that depends on an access point for its
connection to the network. Use this setting when performing a site survey for
a repeater access point. When you select this setting, clients are not allowed
to associate.
Radio Network Optimization (Optimize Radio Network For)
You use this setting to select either preconfigured settings for the access point
radio or customized settings for the access point radio.
•
Throughput—Maximizes the data volume handled by the access point but
might reduce the access point’s range.
•
Range—Maximizes the access point’s range but might reduce throughput.
•
Custom—The access point uses the settings you enter on the AP Radio
Hardware page. Click Custom to go to the AP Radio Hardware page.
Radio Network Compatibility (Ensure Compatibility With)
You use this setting to automatically configure the access point to be compatible
with other devices on your wireless LAN.
•
2Mb/sec clients—Select this setting if your network contains Cisco Aironet
devices that operate at a maximum speed of 2 Mbps.
•
non-Aironet 802.11—Select this setting if there are non-Cisco Aironet
devices on your wireless LAN.
SNMP Admin. Community
To use Simplified Network Management Protocol (SNMP), enter a community
name here. This name automatically appears in the list of users authorized to view
and make changes to the access point’s management system, and SNMP is
enabled.
Click the SNMP link to go to the SNMP Setup page, where you can edit other
SNMP settings.
You can define other SNMP communities on the Administrator Authorization
pages. See the “Setting Up Administrator Authorization” section on page 4-41 for
instructions on using the Administrator Authorization pages.
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Filter Setup
Filter Setup
This section describes how to set up filtering to control the flow of data through
the access point. You can filter data based on protocols and MAC addresses. Each
type of filtering is explained in the following sections:
•
Protocol Filtering, page 3-8
•
MAC Address Filtering, page 3-13
Protocol Filtering
Protocol filters prevent or allow the use of specific protocols through the access
point. You can set up individual protocol filters or sets of filters. You can filter
protocols for wireless client devices, users on the wired LAN, or both. For
example, an SNMP filter on the access point’s radio port prevents wireless client
devices from using SNMP with the access point but does not block SNMP access
from the wired LAN.
Use the Ethernet Protocol Filters page to create and enable protocol filters for the
access point’s Ethernet port, and use the AP Radio Protocol Filters page to create
and enable protocol filters for the access point’s radio port. The pages are
identical except for the page title. Figure 3-4 shows the main body for the pages.
Figure 3-4
Main Body for Protocol Filters Pages
Follow this link path to reach the Ethernet Protocol Filters page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Filters in the Ethernet row under Network Ports.
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Filter Setup
Follow this link path to reach the AP Radio Protocol Filters page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Filters in the AP Radio row under Network Ports.
The left side of the Protocol Filters page contains links to the Ethertype Filters,
the IP Protocol Filters, and the IP Port Filters pages. These links also appear on
the main Setup page under Associations. Use the Protocol Filters pages to assign
protocols to a filter set. Table B-1, Table B-2, and Table B-3 in Appendix B list
the protocols available on each page.
Creating a Protocol Filter
Follow these steps to create a protocol filter:
Step 1
Follow the link path to the Ethernet or AP Radio Protocol Filters page.
Step 2
Click Ethertype, IP Protocol, or IP Port to display the Filters page that contains
the protocols you want to filter. Figure 3-5 shows the Filters page.
Figure 3-5
Filters Page
Step 3
Enter a descriptive filter set name in the Set Name field.
Step 4
Enter an identification number in the Set ID entry field if you want to assign a
specific SNMP identifier to the filter set. If you don’t enter an ID, an SNMP
identifier will be assigned to the set automatically, starting with 1 for the first
filter set and incrementing by one for each additional set.
Step 5
Click Add New. The Filter Set page appears. Figure 3-6 shows the Filter Set page.
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Filter Setup
Figure 3-6
Filter Set Page
Step 6
Select forward or block from the Default Disposition pull-down menu. This
setting is the default action for the protocols you include in the filter set. You can
override this setting for specific protocols.
Step 7
In the Default Time to Live fields, enter the number of milliseconds unicast and
multicast packets should stay in the access point’s buffer before they are
discarded. These settings will be the default time-to-live values for the protocols
you include in the filter set, but you can override the settings for specific
protocols. If you leave these settings at 0, the time-to-live settings default to 3
seconds for multicast packets and 5 seconds for unicast packets.
Step 8
Type the name or the ISO numeric designator for the protocol you want to add in
the Special Cases entry field and click Add New. For example, to add Telnet to an
IP port filter set, type telnet or 23.
The Protocol Filter Set page appears. Figure 3-7 shows the Protocol Filter Set
page.
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Filter Setup
Figure 3-7
Protocol Filter Set Page
Step 9
Select forward or block from the Disposition pull-down menu to forward or
block the protocol traffic, or leave this setting at default to use the default
disposition that you selected for the filter set in Step 6.
Step 10
Select a priority for the protocol from the Priority pull-down menu. The menu
includes the following options:
Step 11
•
background—Use this setting for bulk transfers and other activities that are
allowed on the network but should not impact network use by other users and
applications.
•
default—This setting is the same as best effort, which applies to normal LAN
traffic.
•
excellentEffort—Use this setting for a network’s most important users.
•
controlledLoad—Use this setting for important business applications that are
subject to some form of admission control.
•
interactiveVideo—Use this setting for traffic with less than 100 ms delay.
•
interactiveVoice—Use this setting for traffic with less than 10 ms delay.
•
networkControl—Use this setting for traffic that must get through to maintain
and support the network infrastructure.
Enter milliseconds in the Time-to-Live entry fields. If you leave these settings at
0, the protocol adopts the default time-to-live values you entered in Step 7.
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Filter Setup
Note
The time-to-live values you enter should be compatible with the
priority you select for the protocol. For example, if you select
interactiveVoice as the priority and enter high time-to-live values,
voice packets will stay in the access point buffer longer than
necessary, causing delivery of stale, useless packets.
Step 12
Select Alert? yes to send an alert to the event log when a user transmits or receives
the protocol through the access point.
Step 13
Click OK. The Filter Set page appears with the protocol listed at the bottom of
the page.
To edit the protocol entry, type the protocol name in the Special Cases entry field
or click the select button beside the entry and click Edit. To delete the protocol,
type the protocol name in the Special Cases entry field or click the select button
beside the entry and click Remove.
Step 14
To add another protocol to the filter set, repeat Step 8 through Step 13. When you
have included all the protocols you need in the filter set, click OK. The EtherType
Filters, IP Protocol Filters, or IP Port Filters page appears, and the filter sets you
defined appear in the filter set list at the bottom of the page.
Note
After defining the protocol filter set, follow the steps in the Enabling
a Protocol Filter section to activate the filter.
Enabling a Protocol Filter
Follow these steps to enable a protocol filter:
Step 1
Complete the steps listed in the “Creating a Protocol Filter” section on page 3-9
to define a protocol filter.
Step 2
Follow the link path to the Ethernet Protocol Filters page or the AP Radio Protocol
Filters page.
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Filter Setup
Step 3
Select the protocol filter set that you want to enable from the Ethertype, IP
Protocol, or IP Port pull-down menu.
Step 4
Click OK. The filter set is enabled.
MAC Address Filtering
MAC address filters allow or disallow the forwarding of unicast and multicast
packets either sent from or addressed to specific MAC addresses. You can create
a filter that passes traffic to all MAC addresses except those you specify, or you
can create a filter that blocks traffic to all MAC addresses except those you
specify.
Note
MAC address filters are powerful, and you can lock yourself out of the access
point if you make a mistake setting up the filters. If you accidentally lock
yourself out of your access point, follow the instructions in the “Using the
Command-Line Interface” section on page 2-5 to use the CLI to disable the
filters.
Use the Address Filters page to create MAC address filters for the access point.
Figure 3-8 shows the Address Filters page.
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Filter Setup
Figure 3-8
Address Filters Page
Follow this link path to reach the Address Filters page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Address Filters under Associations.
Creating a MAC Address Filter
Follow these steps to create a MAC address filter:
Step 1
Follow the link path to the Address Filters page.
Step 2
Type a destination MAC address in the New MAC Address Filter: Dest MAC
Address field. You can type the address with colons separating the character pairs
(00:40:96:12:34:56, for example) or without any intervening characters
(004096123456, for example).
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Filter Setup
Note
If you plan to disallow traffic to all MAC addresses except those you
specify as allowed, put your own MAC address in the list of allowed
MAC addresses. If you plan to disallow multicast traffic, add the
broadcast MAC address (ffffffffffff) to the list of allowed addresses.
Step 3
Click Allowed to pass traffic to the MAC address or click Disallowed to discard
traffic to the MAC address.
Step 4
Click Add. The MAC address appears in the Existing MAC Address Filters list.
To remove the MAC address from the list, select it and click Remove.
Tip
You can create a list of allowed MAC addresses on an authentication server on
your network. Consult the “Setting Up MAC-Based Authentication” section
on page 4-29 for instructions on using MAC-based authentication.
Step 5
Click OK. You return automatically to the Setup page.
Step 6
Click Advanced in the AP Radio row of the Network Ports section at the bottom
of the Setup page. The AP Radio Advanced page appears. Figure 3-9 shows the
AP Radio Advanced page.
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Figure 3-9
Step 7
AP Radio Advanced Page
Select Disallowed from the pull-down menu for Default Unicast Address Filter.
The access point discards all unicast traffic except packets sent to the MAC
addresses listed as allowed on the Address Filters page.
Select Allowed from the pull-down menu for Default Unicast Address Filter if
you want to allow traffic to all MAC addresses except those listed as disallowed
on the Address Filters page.
Unicast packets are addressed to just one device on the network. Multicast packets
are addressed to multiple devices on the network.
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Filter Setup
Select Disallowed or Allowed from the pull-down menu for Default Multicast
Address Filter. The access point discards all multicast traffic except packets sent
to the MAC addresses listed as allowed on the Address Filters page.
Step 8
Click OK. You return automatically to the Setup page.
If clients are not filtered immediately, click WARM RESTART SYSTEM NOW
on the Manage System Configuration page to restart the access point. To reach the
Manage System Configuration page, Click Cisco Services on the main Setup page
and click Manage System Configuration on the Cisco Services Setup page.
Note
The Ethernet Advanced page contains the Default Unicast and Multicast
Address Filter settings for the Ethernet port. These settings work as described
above, but you should use extra caution changing the settings on the Ethernet
Advanced page because they can lock you out of your access point. To reach
the Ethernet Advanced page, click Advanced in the Ethernet row of the
Network Ports section at the bottom of the Setup page.
Note
Client devices with blocked MAC addresses cannot send or receive data
through the access point, but they might remain in the Association Table as
unauthenticated client devices. Client devices with blocked MAC addresses
disappear from the Association Table when the access point stops monitoring
them or they associate with another access point. See the “Association Table
Advanced Page” section on page 3-66 for information on setting a monitoring
timeout for each device class.
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Radio Configuration
Radio Configuration
This section describes how to configure the access point’s radio. You use the AP
Radio pages in the management system to set the radio configuration. The radio
pages include:
•
AP Radio Identification—Contains the basic locating and identity
information for the access point Radio port. See the “Entering Identity
Information” section on page 3-18 for instructions on using the AP Radio
Identification page.
•
AP Radio Hardware—Contains settings for the access point’s SSID, data
rates, transmit power, antennas, radio channel, and operating thresholds. See
the “Entering Radio Hardware Information” section on page 3-21 for
instructions on using the AP Radio Hardware page.
•
AP Radio Advanced—Contains settings for the operational status of the
access point’s radio port. You can also use this page to make temporary
changes in port status to help with troubleshooting network problems. See the
“Entering Advanced Configuration Information” section on page 3-30 for
instructions on using the AP Radio Advanced page.
•
AP Radio Port—Lists key information on the access point’s radio port.
Entering Identity Information
You use the AP Radio Identification page to enter basic locating and identity
information for the access point radio. Figure 3-10 shows the AP Radio
Identification page.
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Radio Configuration
Figure 3-10 The AP Radio Identification Page
Follow this link path to reach the AP Radio Identification page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Identification in the AP Radio row under Network
Ports.
Settings on the AP Radio Identification Page
The AP Radio Identification page contains the following settings:
•
Primary Port Settings
•
Default IP Address
•
Default IP Subnet Mask
•
Service Set ID (SSID)
•
LEAP User Name
•
LEAP Password
The page also displays the access point’s MAC address, its current IP address, its
current IP subnet mask, its firmware version, and its boot block version.
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Radio Configuration
Primary Port Settings
Two options allow you to designate the access point’s radio port as the Primary
Port and select whether the radio port adopts or assumes the identity of the
primary port.
•
Primary Port?—The primary port determines the access point’s MAC and IP
addresses. Ordinarily, the access point’s primary port is the Ethernet port,
which is connected to the wired LAN, so this setting is usually set to no.
Select no to set the Ethernet port as the primary port. Select yes to set the
radio port as the primary port.
•
Adopt Primary Port Identity?—Select yes to adopt the primary port settings
(MAC and IP addresses) for the radio port. Select no to use different MAC
and IP addresses for the radio port.
Access points acting as root units adopt the primary port settings for the radio
port. When you put an access point in standby mode, however, you select no
for this setting. Some advanced wireless bridge configurations also require
different identity settings for the radio port.
Default IP Address
Use this setting to assign an IP address for the radio port that is different from the
access point’s Ethernet IP address. During normal operation the radio port adopts
the identity of the Ethernet port. When you put an access point in standby mode,
however, you assign a different IP address to the radio port. Some advanced
wireless bridge configurations also require a different IP address for the radio
port.
Default IP Subnet Mask
Enter an IP subnet mask to identify the subnetwork so that the IP address can be
recognized on the LAN. If DHCP or BOOTP is not enabled, this field is the subnet
mask. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled, this field provides the subnet mask only if
no server responds to the access point’s request.
The current IP subnet mask displayed under the setting shows the IP subnet mask
currently assigned to the access point. This is the same subnet mask as the default
subnet mask unless DHCP or BOOTP is enabled. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled,
this is the subnet mask used by the DHCP or BOOTP server.
You can also enter this setting on the Express Setup page.
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Radio Configuration
Service Set ID (SSID)
The SSID is a unique identifier that client devices use to associate with the access
point. The SSID helps client devices distinguish between multiple wireless
networks in the same vicinity. The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry from two
to 32 characters long.
You can also enter this setting on the Express Setup page.
LEAP User Name
Use this field if the radio is set up as a repeater and authenticates to the network
using LEAP. When the radio authenticates using LEAP, the access point sends this
user name to the authentication server.
Follow the steps in the “Setting up a Repeater Access Point as a LEAP Client”
section on page 4-27 to set up the radio as a LEAP client.
LEAP Password
Use this field if the radio is set up as a repeater and authenticates to the network
using LEAP. When the radio authenticates using LEAP, the access point uses this
password for authentication.
Follow the steps in the “Setting up a Repeater Access Point as a LEAP Client”
section on page 4-27 to set up the radio as a LEAP client.
Entering Radio Hardware Information
You use the AP Radio Hardware page to assign settings related to the access
point’s radio hardware. Figure 3-11 shows the AP Radio Hardware page.
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Radio Configuration
Figure 3-11 The AP Radio Hardware Page
Follow this link path to reach the AP Radio Hardware page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Hardware in the AP Radio row under Network
Ports.
Settings on the AP Radio Hardware Page
The AP Radio Hardware page contains the following settings:
•
Service Set ID (SSID)
•
Allow Broadcast SSID to Associate?
•
Enable World Mode
•
Data Rates
•
Transmit Power
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•
Frag. Threshold
•
RTS Threshold
•
Max. RTS Retries
•
Max. Data Retries
•
Beacon Period
•
Data Beacon Rate (DTIM)
•
Radio Channel
•
Search for Less-Congested Radio Channel
•
Restrict Searched Channels
•
Receive Antenna and Transmit Antenna
The AP Radio Hardware page also contains a link to the AP Radio Data
Encryption page, which you use to enter Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
settings.
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Radio Configuration
Service Set ID (SSID)
The SSID is a unique identifier that client devices use to associate with the access
point. The SSID helps client devices distinguish between multiple wireless
networks in the same vicinity. The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to 32
characters long.
You can also enter this setting on the Express Setup and AP Radio Identification
pages.
Allow Broadcast SSID to Associate?
You use this setting to choose whether devices that do not specify an SSID
(devices that are “broadcasting” in search of an access point to associate with) are
allowed to associate with the access point.
•
Yes—This is the default setting; it allows devices that do not specify an SSID
(devices that are “broadcasting” in search of an access point to associate with)
to associate with the access point.
•
No—Devices that do not specify an SSID (devices that are “broadcasting” in
search of an access point to associate with) are not allowed to associate with
the access point. With no selected, the SSID used by the client device must
match exactly the access point’s SSID.
Enable World Mode
When you select yes from the world-mode pull-down menu, the access point adds
channel carrier set information to its beacon. Client devices with world-mode
enabled receive the carrier set information and adjust their settings automatically.
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Radio Configuration
Data Rates
You use the data rate settings to choose the data rates the access point uses for data
transmission. The rates are expressed in megabits per second.
The access point always attempts to transmit at the highest data rate set to Basic.
If there are obstacles or interference, the access point steps down to the highest
rate that allows data transmission. For each of four rates (1, 2, 5.5, and 11
megabits per second), a drop-down menu lists three options:
•
Basic (default)—Allows transmission at this rate for all packets, both unicast
and multicast. At least one of the access point’s data rates must be set to
Basic.
•
Yes—The access point transmits only unicast packets at this rate; multicast
packets are sent at one of the data rates set to Basic.
•
No—The access point does not transmit data at this rate.
You can use the Data Rate settings to set up an access point to serve client devices
operating at specific data rates. For example, to set up the access point for 11
megabits per second (Mbps) service only, select Basic for 11 and select Yes for
the other data rates. Figure 3-12 shows the Data Rates set up for 11-Mbps service
only.
Figure 3-12 Data Rate Settings for 11 Mbps Service Only
To set up the access point to serve only client devices operating at 1 and 2 Mbps,
select Basic for 1 and 2 and set the rest of the data rates to Yes. Figure 3-13 shows
the Data Rates set up for 1- and 2-Mbps service only.
Figure 3-13 Data Rate Settings for 1- and 2-Mbps Service Only
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Radio Configuration
The Optimize Radio Network For setting on the Express Setup page selects the
data rate settings automatically. When you select Optimize Radio Network For
Throughput on the Express Setup page, all four data rates are set to basic. When
you select Optimize Radio Network For Range on the Express Setup page, the
1.0 data rate is set to basic, and the other data rates are set to Yes.
Transmit Power
This setting determines the power level of radio transmission.
Note
Government regulations define the highest allowable power level for radio
devices. This setting must conform to established standards for the country in
which you use the access point.
To reduce interference or to conserve power, select a lower power setting. The
settings in the drop-down menu on 350 series access points include 1, 5, 20, 50,
and 100 milliwatts. The settings in the drop-down menu on 340 series access
points include 1, 5, and 30 milliwatts.
Note
The power settings available on your access point depend on the regulatory
domain for which the access point is configured. Your power settings might be
different from the settings listed here.
Frag. Threshold
This setting determines the size at which packets are fragmented (sent as several
pieces instead of as one block). Enter a setting ranging from 256 to 2338 bytes.
Use a low setting in areas where communication is poor or where there is a great
deal of radio interference.
RTS Threshold
This setting determines the packet size at which the access point issues a request
to send (RTS) before sending the packet. A low RTS Threshold setting can be
useful in areas where many client devices are associating with the access point, or
in areas where the clients are far apart and can detect only the access point and
not each other. Enter a setting ranging from 0 to 2339 bytes.
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Radio Configuration
Max. RTS Retries
The maximum number of times the access point issues an RTS before stopping
the attempt to send the packet through the radio. Enter a value from 1 to 128.
Max. Data Retries
The maximum number of attempts the access point makes to send a packet before
giving up and dropping the packet.
Beacon Period
The amount of time between beacons in Kilomicroseconds. One Kµsec equals
1,024 microseconds.
Data Beacon Rate (DTIM)
This setting, always a multiple of the beacon period, determines how often the
beacon contains a delivery traffic indication message (DTIM). The DTIM tells
power-save client devices that a packet is waiting for them.
If the beacon period is set at 100, its default setting, and the data beacon rate is
set at 2, its default setting, then the access point sends a beacon containing a
DTIM every 200 Kµsecs. One Kµsec equals 1,024 microseconds.
Radio Channel
The factory setting for Cisco wireless LAN systems is Radio Channel 6
transmitting at 2437 MHz. To overcome an interference problem, other channel
settings are available from the drop-down menu of 11 channels ranging from 2412
to 2462 MHz.
Each channel covers 22 MHz. The bandwidth for channels 1, 6, and 11 does not
overlap, so you can set up multiple access points in the same vicinity without
causing interference.
Note
Too many access points in the same vicinity creates radio congestion that can
reduce throughput. A careful site survey can determine the best placement of
access points for maximum radio coverage and throughput.
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Search for Less-Congested Radio Channel
When you select yes from the Search for less-congested radio channel pull-down
menu, the access point scans for the radio channel that is least busy and selects
that channel for use. The access point scans at power-up and when the radio
settings are changed.
Note
If you need to keep the access point assigned to a specific channel to keep from
interfering with other access points, you should leave this setting at no.
Restrict Searched Channels
Click Restrict Searched Channels to limit the channels that the access point
scans when Search for less-congested radio channel is enabled. The AP Radio
Restrict Searched Channels page appears when you click Restrict Searched
Channels. Figure 3-14 shows the AP Radio Restrict Searched Channels page.
Figure 3-14 AP Radio Restrict Searched Channels Page
The page lists all the channels in the access point’s regulatory domain. Click the
Search check boxes beside the channels to include or exclude channels in the scan
for less-congested channels. All the channels are included in the scan by default.
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Receive Antenna and Transmit Antenna
Pull-down menus for the receive and transmit antennas offer three options:
Note
•
Diversity—This default setting tells the access point to use the antenna that
receives the best signal. If your access point has two fixed (non-removeable)
antennas, you should use this setting for both receive and transmit.
•
Right—If your access point has removeable antennas and you install a
high-gain antenna on the access point’s right connector, you should use this
setting for both receive and transmit. When you look at the access point’s
back panel, the right antenna is on the right.
•
Left—If your access point has removeable antennas and you install a
high-gain antenna on the access point’s left connector, you should use this
setting for both receive and transmit. When you look at the access point’s
back panel, the left antenna is on the left.
The access point receives and transmits using one antenna at a time, so you
cannot increase range by installing high-gain antennas on both connectors and
pointing one north and one south. When the access point used the
north-pointing antenna, it would ignore client devices to the south.
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Entering Advanced Configuration Information
Use the AP Radio Advanced page to assign special configuration settings for the
access point’s radio. Figure 3-15 shows the AP Radio Advanced page.
Figure 3-15 AP Radio Advanced Page
Follow this link path to reach the AP Radio Advanced page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Advanced in the AP Radio row under Network
Ports.
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Settings on the AP Radio Advanced Page
The AP Radio Advanced page contains the following settings:
•
Requested Status
•
Packet Forwarding
•
Default Multicast Address Filters
•
Maximum Multicast Packets/Second
•
Radio Cell Role
•
Maximum Number of Associations
•
Use Aironet Extensions
•
Classify Workgroup Bridges as Network Infrastructure
•
Require Use of Radio Firmware x.xx
•
Ethernet Encapsulation Transform
•
Enhanced MIC verification for WEP
•
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
•
Broadcast WEP Key rotation interval (sec)
•
Bridge Spacing
•
Accept Authentication Types
•
Require EAP
•
Default Unicast Address Filter
•
Specified Access Points
•
Radio Modulation
•
Radio Preamble
Requested Status
This setting is useful for troubleshooting problems on your network. Up, the
default setting, turns the radio on for normal operation. Down turns the access
point’s radio off.
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Radio Configuration
The Current Status line under the setting displays the current status of the radio
port. This field can also display Error, meaning the port is operating but is in an
error condition.
Packet Forwarding
This setting is always set to Enabled for normal operation. For troubleshooting,
you might want to set packet forwarding to Disabled, which prevents data from
moving between the Ethernet and the radio.
The Forwarding State line under the setting displays the current forwarding state.
For normal access point operation, the forwarding state is Forwarding. Four other
states are possible:
•
Unknown—The state cannot be determined.
•
Disabled—Forwarding capabilities are disabled.
•
Blocking—The port is blocking transmission. This is the state when no
stations are associated.
•
Broken—This state reports radio failure.
Default Multicast Address Filters
MAC address filters allow or disallow the forwarding of multicast packets sent to
specific MAC addresses. You can create a filter that passes traffic to all MAC
addresses except those you specify, or you can create a filter that blocks traffic to
all MAC addresses except those you specify. Read the “Creating a MAC Address
Filter” section on page 3-14 for complete instructions on setting up MAC address
filters.
The pull-down menus for multicast address filters contain two options:
Note
•
Allowed—The access point forwards all traffic except packets sent to the
MAC addresses listed as disallowed on the Address Filters page.
•
Disallowed—The access point discards all traffic except packets sent to the
MAC addresses listed as allowed on the Address Filters page.
If you plan to discard traffic to all MAC addresses except those you specify
(the Disallowed setting), be sure to enter your own MAC address as allowed
on the Address Filters page.
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Radio Configuration
Maximum Multicast Packets/Second
Use this setting to control the number of multicast packets that can pass through
the radio port each second. If you enter 0, the access point passes an unlimited
number of multicast packets. If you enter a number other than 0, the device passes
only that number of multicast packets per second.
Radio Cell Role
Use this pull-down menu to select the function of the access point’s radio within
its radio coverage area (cell). This setting determines how the access point’s radio
interacts with other wireless devices. The menu contains the following options:
•
Root—A wireless LAN transceiver that connects an Ethernet network with
wireless client stations or with another Ethernet network. Use this setting if
the access point is connected to the wired LAN.
•
Repeater/Non-Root—A wireless LAN transceiver that transfers data between
a client and another access point. Use this setting for access points not
connected to the wired LAN.
•
Client/Non-root—A station with a wireless connection to an access point.
Use this setting for diagnostics or site surveys, such as when you need to test
the access point by having it communicate with another access point or bridge
without accepting associations from client devices.
Maximum Number of Associations
Use this entry field to specify the maximum number of wireless networking
devices that are allowed to associate to the access point. The default setting, 0,
means that the maximum possible number of associations is allowed.
Use Aironet Extensions
Select yes or no to use Cisco Aironet 802.11 extensions. This setting must be set
to yes (the default setting) to enable these features:
•
Load balancing—The access point uses Aironet extensions to direct client
devices to an access point that provides the best connection to the network
based on factors such as number of users, bit error rates, and signal strength.
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•
Message Integrity Check (MIC)—MIC is an additional WEP security feature
that prevents attacks on encrypted packets called bit-flip attacks. The MIC,
implemented on both the access point and all associated client devices, adds
a few bytes to each packet to make the packets tamper-proof.
•
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)—TKIP, also known as WEP key
hashing, is an additional WEP security feature that defends against an attack
on WEP in which the intruder uses an unencrypted segment called the
initialization vector (IV) in encrypted packets to calculate the WEP key.
•
The extensions also improve the access point’s ability to understand the
capabilities of Cisco Aironet client devices associated with the access point.
Classify Workgroup Bridges as Network Infrastructure
Select no to allow more than 20 Cisco Aironet Workgroup Bridges to associate to
the access point. The default setting, yes, limits the number of workgroup bridges
that can associate to the access point to 20 or less.
Access points and bridges normally treat workgroup bridges not as client devices
but as infrastructure devices, like access points or bridges. Treating a workgroup
bridge as an infrastructure device means that the access point reliably delivers
multicast packets, including Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) packets, to the
workgroup bridge.
The performance cost of reliable multicast delivery—duplication of each
multicast packet sent to each workgroup bridge—limits the number of
infrastructure devices, including workgroup bridges, that can associate to the
access point. To increase beyond 20 the number of workgroup bridges that can
associate to the access point, the access point must reduce the delivery reliability
of multicast packets to workgroup bridges. With reduced reliability, the access
point cannot confirm whether multicast packets reach the intended workgroup
bridge, so workgroup bridges at the edge of the access point’s coverage area might
lose IP connectivity. When you treat workgroup bridges as client devices, you
increase performance but reduce reliability.
Note
This feature is best suited for use with stationary workgroup bridges. Mobile
workgroup bridges might encounter spots in the access point’s coverage area
where they do not receive multicast packets and lose communication with the
access point even though they are still associated to it.
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Radio Configuration
A Cisco Aironet Workgroup Bridge provides a wireless LAN connection for up to
eight Ethernet-enabled devices. Refer to the “Overview” section on page 1-2 of
the Cisco Aironet Workgroup Bridge Software Configuration Guide for a
description of workgroup bridges.
Require Use of Radio Firmware x.xx
This setting affects the firmware upgrade process when you load new firmware for
the access point. Select yes to force the radio firmware to be upgraded to a
firmware version compatible with the current version of the management system.
Select no to exempt the current radio firmware from firmware upgrades.
Ethernet Encapsulation Transform
Choose 802.1H or RFC1042 to set the Ethernet encapsulation type. Data packets
that are not 802.2 packets must be formatted to 802.2 via 802.1H or RFC1042.
Cisco Aironet equipment uses 802.1H because it provides optimum
interoperability.
•
802.1H—This default setting provides optimum performance for Cisco
Aironet wireless products.
•
RFC1042—Use this setting to ensure interoperability with non-Cisco Aironet
wireless equipment. RFC1042 does not provide the interoperability
advantages of 802.1H but is used by other manufacturers of wireless
equipment.
Enhanced MIC verification for WEP
This setting enables Message Integrity Check (MIC), a security feature that
protects your WEP keys by preventing attacks on encrypted packets called bit-flip
attacks. During a bit-flip attack, an intruder intercepts an encrypted message,
alters it slightly, and retransmits it, and the receiver accepts the retransmitted
message as legitimate. The MIC, implemented on both the access point and all
associated client devices, adds a few bytes to each packet to make the packets
tamper-proof. Select MMH from the pull-down menu and click Apply to enable
MIC.
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Note
MIC takes effect only when the Use Aironet Extensions setting on the AP
Radio Advanced page is set to yes and WEP is enabled and set to full
encryption.
Note
When you enable MIC, only MIC-capable client devices can communicate
with the access point.
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
This setting enables the temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP, or WEP key
hashing), which defends against an attack on WEP in which the intruder uses the
unencrypted initialization vector (IV) in encrypted packets to calculate the WEP
key. TKIP removes the predictability that an intruder relies on to determine the
WEP key by exploiting IVs. Select Cisco from the pull-down menu and click
Apply to enable TKIP.
Note
To use TKIP, the Use Aironet Extensions setting on the AP Radio Advanced
page must be set to yes (the default setting).
Note
When you enable TKIP, all WEP-enabled client devices associated to the
access point must support WEP key hashing. WEP-enabled devices that do not
support key hashing cannot communicate with the access point.
Broadcast WEP Key rotation interval (sec)
This option enables broadcast key rotation by setting a key rotation interval. With
broadcast, or multicast, WEP key rotation enabled, the access point provides a
dynamic broadcast WEP key and changes it at the interval you select. Broadcast
key rotation is an excellent alternative to TKIP if your wireless LAN supports
wireless client devices that are not Cisco devices or that cannot be upgraded to the
latest firmware for Cisco client devices.
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Radio Configuration
To enable broadcast key rotation, enter the rotation interval in seconds in the
Broadcast WEP Key rotation interval entry field. If you enter 900, for example,
the access point sends a new broadcast WEP key to all associated client devices
every 15 minutes. To disable broadcast WEP key rotation, enter 0.
Note
When you enable broadcast key rotation, only wireless client devices using
LEAP or EAP-TLS authentication can use the access point. Client devices
using static WEP (with open, shared key, or EAP-MD5 authentication) cannot
use the access point when you enable broadcast key rotation.
Bridge Spacing
This setting is used on bridges to adjust the bridges’ timeout values to account for
the time required for radio signals to travel from bridge to bridge. This setting is
not used on access points.
Accept Authentication Types
Select Open, Shared Key, or Network-EAP to set the authentications the access
point recognizes. See the “Security Overview” section on page 4-2 for a
description of authentication types.
Require EAP
If you use open or shared authentication as well as EAP authentication, select
Require EAP under Open or Shared to block client devices that are not using
EAP from authenticating through the access point.
Default Unicast Address Filter
Unicast MAC address filters allow or disallow the forwarding of unicast packets
sent to specific MAC addresses. You can create a filter that passes traffic to all
MAC addresses except those you specify, or you can create a filter that blocks
traffic to all MAC addresses except those you specify.
Read the “Setting Up MAC-Based Authentication” section on page 4-29 for
complete instructions on using MAC-based authentication on an authentication
server. Read the “Creating a MAC Address Filter” section on page 3-14 for
complete instructions on setting up MAC address filters.
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Radio Configuration
The pull-down menus for unicast address filters contain two options:
•
Allowed—The access point forwards all traffic except packets sent to the
MAC addresses listed as disallowed on the Address Filters page.
•
Disallowed—The access point discards all traffic except packets sent to the
MAC addresses listed as allowed on the Address Filters page or on your
authentication server.
Select Disallowed for each authentication type that also uses MAC-based
authentication.
Note
If you plan to discard traffic to all MAC addresses except those you specify
(the Disallowed setting), be sure to enter your own MAC address as allowed
on the Address Filters page or on your authentication server.
Specified Access Points
You use these fields to set up a chain of repeater access points (access points
without an Ethernet connection; see Figure 3-3). Repeater access points function
best when they associate with specific access points connected to the wired LAN.
You use these fields to specify the access points that provide the most efficient
data transmission link for the repeater.
If this access point is a repeater, type the MAC address of one or more root-unit
access points with which you want this access point to associate. With MAC
addresses in these fields, the repeater access point always tries to associate with
the specified access points instead of with other less-efficient access points.
For complete instructions on setting up repeater access points, see the “Setting Up
a Repeater Access Point” section on page 8-1.
Radio Modulation
Select Standard or MOK for the radio modulation the access point uses.
•
Standard—This default setting is the modulation type specified in IEEE
802.11, the wireless standard published by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards Association.
•
MOK—This modulation was used before the IEEE finished the high-speed
802.11 standard and may still be in use in older wireless networks.
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Ethernet Configuration
Radio Preamble
The radio preamble is a section of data at the head of a packet that contains
information the access point and client devices need when sending and receiving
packets. The pull-down menu allows you to select a long or short radio preamble:
•
Long—A long preamble ensures compatibility between the access point and
all early models of Cisco Aironet Wireless LAN Adapters (PC4800 and
PC4800A).
•
Short—A short preamble improves throughput performance. Cisco Aironet's
Wireless LAN Adapter supports short preambles. Early models of Cisco
Aironet's Wireless LAN Adapter (PC4800 and PC4800A) require long
preambles.
Ethernet Configuration
This section describes how to configure the access point’s Ethernet port. You use
the Ethernet pages in the management system to set the Ethernet port
configuration. The Ethernet pages include:
•
Ethernet Identification—Contains the basic locating and identity information
for the Ethernet port.
•
Ethernet Hardware—Contains the setting for the access point’s Ethernet port
connection speed.
•
Ethernet Advanced—Contains settings for the operational status of the access
point’s Ethernet port. You can also use this page to make temporary changes
in port status to help with troubleshooting network problems.
•
Ethernet Port—Lists key information on the access point’s Ethernet port.
Entering Identity Information
You use the Ethernet Identification page to enter basic locating and identity
information for the access point’s Ethernet port. Figure 3-16 shows the Ethernet
Identification page.
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Figure 3-16 The Ethernet Identification Page
Follow this link path to reach the Ethernet Identification page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Identification in the Ethernet row under Network
Ports.
Settings on the Ethernet Identification Page
The Ethernet Identification page contains the following settings:
•
Primary Port Settings
•
Default IP Address
•
Default IP Subnet Mask
The page also displays the access point’s MAC address, its current IP address, and
its current IP subnet mask.
Primary Port Settings
Two options allow you to designate the access point’s Ethernet port as the Primary
Port and select whether the Ethernet port adopts or assumes the identity of the
primary port.
•
Primary Port?—The primary port determines the access point’s MAC and IP
addresses. Ordinarily, the access point’s primary port is the Ethernet port, so
this setting is usually set to yes. Select yes to set the Ethernet port as the
primary port. Select no to set the radio port as the primary port.
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•
Adopt Primary Port Identity?—Select yes to adopt the primary port settings
(MAC and IP addresses) for the Ethernet port. Select no to use different MAC
and IP addresses for the Ethernet port.
Some advanced bridge configurations require different settings for the Ethernet
and radio ports.
Default IP Address
Use this setting to assign or change the access point’s IP address. If DHCP or
BOOTP is not enabled for your network, the IP address you enter in this field is
the access point’s IP address. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled, this field provides
the IP address only if no server responds with an IP address for the access point.
The current IP address displayed under the Default IP Address setting shows the
IP address currently assigned to the access point. This is the same address as the
default IP address unless DHCP or BOOTP is enabled. If DHCP or BOOTP is
enabled, this field displays the IP address that has been dynamically assigned to
the device for the duration of its session on the network, and it might be different
than the default IP address.
You can also enter this setting on the Express Setup and AP Radio Identification
pages.
Default IP Subnet Mask
Enter an IP subnet mask to identify the subnetwork so the IP address can be
recognized on the LAN. If DHCP or BOOTP is not enabled, this field is the subnet
mask. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled, this field provides the subnet mask only if
no server responds to the access point’s request.
The current IP subnet mask displayed under the setting shows the IP subnet mask
currently assigned to the access point. This is the same subnet mask as the default
subnet mask unless DHCP or BOOTP is enabled. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled,
this is the subnet mask used by the server.
You can also enter this setting on the Express Setup and AP Radio Identification
pages.
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Entering Ethernet Hardware Information
You use the Ethernet Hardware page to select the connector type, connection
speed, and duplex setting used by the access point’s Ethernet port. Figure 3-17
shows the Ethernet Hardware page.
Figure 3-17 The Ethernet Hardware Page
Follow this link path to reach the Ethernet Hardware page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Hardware in the Ethernet row under Network Ports.
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Settings on the Ethernet Hardware Page
The Ethernet Hardware page contains one setting:
Speed
The Speed drop-down menu lists five options for the type of connector,
connection speed, and duplex setting used by the port. The option you select must
match the actual connector type, speed, and duplex settings used to link the port
with the wired network.
The default setting, Auto, is best for most networks because the best connection
speed and duplex setting are automatically negotiated between the wired LAN and
the access point. If you use a setting other than Auto, make sure the hub, switch,
or router to which the access point is connected supports your selection.
•
Auto—This is the default and the recommended setting. The connection
speed and duplex setting are automatically negotiated between the access
point and the hub, switch, or router to which the access point is connected.
Note
Some switches with inline power do not fully support Ethernet
speed auto-negotiation. If your 350 series access point is powered
by a switch with inline power, the Auto speed setting is applied
only after you reboot the access point.
•
10-Base-T / Half Duplex—Ethernet network connector for 10-Mbps
transmission speed over twisted-pair wire and operating in half-duplex mode.
•
10-Base-T / Full Duplex—Ethernet network connector for 10-Mbps
transmission speed over twisted-pair wire and operating in full-duplex mode.
•
100-Base-T / Half Duplex—Ethernet network connector for 100-Mbps
transmission speed over twisted-pair wire and operating in half-duplex mode.
•
100-Base-T / Full Duplex—Ethernet network connector for 100-Mbps
transmission speed over twisted-pair wire and operating in full-duplex mode.
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Entering Advanced Configuration Information
You use the Ethernet Advanced page to assign special configuration settings for
the access point’s Ethernet port. Figure 3-18 shows the Ethernet Advanced page.
Figure 3-18 The Ethernet Advanced Page
Follow this link path to reach the Ethernet Advanced page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Advanced in the Ethernet row under Network Ports.
Settings on the Ethernet Advanced Page
The Ethernet Advanced page contains the following settings:
•
Requested Status
•
Packet Forwarding
•
Default Unicast and Multicast Address Filters
•
Maximum Multicast Packets/Second
Requested Status
This setting is useful for troubleshooting problems on your network. Up, the
default setting, enables the Ethernet port for normal operation. Down disables the
access point’s Ethernet port.
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The Current Status line under the setting displays the current status of the Ethernet
port. This field can also display Error, meaning the port is in an error condition.
Packet Forwarding
This setting is always set to Enabled for normal operation. For troubleshooting,
you might want to set packet forwarding to Disabled, which prevents data from
moving between the Ethernet and the radio.
The Forwarding State line under the setting displays the current forwarding state.
The state for normal operation is Forwarding. Four other settings are possible:
•
Unknown—The state cannot be determined.
•
Disabled—Forwarding capabilities are disabled.
•
Blocking—The port is blocking transmission.
•
Broken—This state reports an Ethernet port failure.
Default Unicast and Multicast Address Filters
MAC address filters allow or disallow the forwarding of unicast and multicast
packets sent to specific MAC addresses. You can create a filter that passes traffic
to all MAC addresses except those you specify, or you can create a filter that
blocks traffic to all MAC addresses except those you specify. Read the “Creating
a MAC Address Filter” section on page 3-14 for complete instructions on setting
up MAC address filters.
Unicast packets are addressed to just one device on the network. Multicast packets
are addressed to multiple devices on the network.
The pull-down menus for unicast and multicast address filters contain two
options:
•
Allowed—The access point forwards all traffic except packets sent to the
MAC addresses listed as disallowed on the Address Filters page.
•
Disallowed—The access point discards all traffic except packets sent to the
MAC addresses listed as allowed on the Address Filters page.
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Note
For most configurations, you should leave Default Multicast Address Filter set
to Allowed. If you intend to set it to Disallowed, add the broadcast MAC
address (ffffffffffff) to the list of allowed addresses on the Address Filters page
before changing the setting.
Note
If you plan to discard traffic to all MAC addresses except those you specify
(the Disallowed setting), be sure to enter your own MAC address as allowed
on the Address Filters page.
Maximum Multicast Packets/Second
Use this setting to control the number of multicast packets that can pass through
the Ethernet port each second. If you enter 0, the access point passes an unlimited
number of multicast packets. If you enter a number other than 0, the device passes
only that number of multicast packets per second.
Server Setup
This section describes how to configure the server to support access point
features. You use separate management system pages to enter server settings. The
server setup pages are described in the following sections:
Note
•
Entering Time Server Settings, page 3-47
•
Entering Boot Server Settings, page 3-49
•
Entering Web Server Settings and Setting Up Access Point Help, page 3-53
•
Entering Name Server Settings, page 3-56
•
Entering FTP Settings, page 3-58
See the “Enabling EAP on the Access Point” section on page 4-20 for
instructions on setting up the authentication server.
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Entering Time Server Settings
You use the Time Server Setup page to enter time server settings. Figure 3-19
shows the Time Server Setup page:
Figure 3-19 Time Server Setup Page
Follow this link path to reach the Time Server Setup page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Time Server under Services.
Settings on the Time Server Setup Page
The Time Server Setup page contains the following settings:
•
Simple Network Time Protocol
•
Default Time Server
•
GMT Offset (hr)
•
Use Daylight Savings Time
•
Manually Set Date and Time
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Simple Network Time Protocol
Select Enabled or Disabled to turn Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) on or
off. If your network uses SNTP, select Enabled.
Default Time Server
If your network has a default time server, enter the server’s IP address in the
Default Time Server entry field.
The Current Time Server line under the entry field reports the time server the
access point is currently using.
Note
The DHCP or BOOTP server can override the default time server.
GMT Offset (hr)
The GMT Offset pull-down menu lists the world’s time zones relative to
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Select the time zone in which the access point
operates.
Use Daylight Savings Time
Select yes or no to have the access point automatically adjust to Daylight Savings
Time.
Manually Set Date and Time
Enter the current date and time in the entry fields to override the time server or to
set the date and time if no server is available.
When entering the date and time, use forward-slashes to separate the year, month,
and day, and use colons to separate the hours, minutes, and seconds. For example,
you would enter 2001/02/17 for February 17, 2001, and 18:25:00 for 6:25 pm.
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Entering Boot Server Settings
You use the Boot Server Setup page to configure the access point for your
network's BOOTP or DHCP servers for automatic assignment of IP addresses.
Figure 3-20 shows the Boot Server Setup page:
Figure 3-20 Boot Server Setup Page
Follow this link path to reach the Boot Server Setup page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Boot Server under Services.
Settings on the Boot Server Setup Page
The Boot Server Setup page contains the following settings:
•
Configuration Server Protocol
•
Use Previous Configuration Server Settings
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•
Read .ini File from File Server
•
BOOTP Server Timeout (sec)
•
DHCP Multiple-Offer Timeout (sec)
•
DHCP Requested Lease Duration (min)
•
DHCP Minimum Lease Duration (min)
•
DHCP Client Identifier Type
•
DHCP Client Identifier Value
•
DHCP Class Identifier
Configuration Server Protocol
Use the Configuration Server Protocol pull-down menu to select your network’s
method of IP address assignment. The menu contains the following options:
•
None—Your network does not have an automatic system for IP address
assignment.
•
BOOTP—Your network uses Boot Protocol, in which IP addresses are
hard-coded based on MAC addresses.
•
DHCP—With Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, IP addresses are leased
for a period of time. You can set the lease duration with the settings on this
page.
Use Previous Configuration Server Settings
Select yes to have the access point save the boot server’s most recent response.
The access point uses the most recent settings if the boot server is unavailable.
Read .ini File from File Server
Use this setting to have the access point use configuration settings in an .ini file
on the BOOTP or DHCP server or the default file server. Files with .ini extensions
usually contain configuration information used during system start-up. The
pull-down menu contains the following options:
•
Always—The access point always loads configuration settings from an .ini
file on the server.
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•
Never—The access point never loads configuration settings from an .ini file
on the server.
•
If specified by server—The access point loads configuration settings from an
.ini file on the server if the server’s DHCP or BOOTP response specifies that
an .ini file is available. This is the default setting.
The Load Now button under the pull-down menu tells the access point to read an
.ini file immediately.
The Current Boot Server line under the pull-down menu lists the server that
responded to the access point’s boot request. If all zeros appear, it means that the
access point is not using BOOTP/DHCP or that no server responded to the
BOOTP/DHCP request. The Specified “.ini” File Server line lists the IP address
of the server where the .ini file is stored. If all zeroes appear, it means that no file
server is set up to provide an .ini file.
BOOTP Server Timeout (sec)
This setting specifies the length of time the access point waits to receive a
response from a single BOOTP server. Enter the number of seconds the access
point should wait. This setting applies only when you select BOOTP from the
Configuration Server Protocol pull-down menu.
DHCP Multiple-Offer Timeout (sec)
This setting specifies the length of time the access point waits to receive a
response when there are multiple DHCP servers. Enter the number of seconds the
access point should wait.
DHCP Requested Lease Duration (min)
This setting specifies the length of time the access point requests for an IP address
lease from your DHCP server. Enter the number of minutes the access point
should request.
DHCP Minimum Lease Duration (min)
This setting specifies the shortest amount of time the access point accepts for an
IP address lease. The access point ignores leases shorter than this period. Enter
the minimum number of minutes the access point should accept for a lease period.
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DHCP Client Identifier Type
Use this optional setting to include a class identifier type in the DHCP request
packets the access point sends to your DHCP server. Your DHCP server can be set
up to send responses according to class identifier type. If most of the client
devices using the access point are the same device type, you can select that device
type to be included in the DHCP request packet.
Use Ethernet (10Mb), the default setting, if you do not intend to set up your
DHCP server to send responses according to class identifier type.
If you want to include a unique value in the DHCP Client Identifier Value field
(the setting under DHCP Client Identifier Type on the Boot Server Setup page),
select Other - Non Hardware.
Table 3-1 lists the options in the DHCP Client Identifier Type pull-down menu.
Table 3-1
Options in the DHCP Client Identifier Type Menu
Option
Definition
Ethernet (10Mb)
This is the default setting. Use this setting if you do
not need your DHCP server to send responses based
on the class identifier in the access point’s DHCP
request packets.
Experimental Ethernet
Select one of these specific device types if most of
the client devices using the access point are the same
device type. The access point includes the device
type in the DHCP request packets it sends to the
DHCP server.
Amateur Radio AX.25
Proteon ProNET Token
Ring
Chaos
IEEE 802 Networks
ARCNET
Hyperchannel
Lanstar
Autonet Short Address
LocalTalk
LocalNet
Other - Non Hardware
Select this option to include a unique value in the
DHCP Client Identifier Value field.
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DHCP Client Identifier Value
Use this setting to include a unique identifier in the access point’s DHCP request
packet. This field contains the access point’s MAC address by default. If you
select Other - Non Hardware from the DHCP Client Identifier Type pull-down
menu, you can enter up to 255 alphanumeric characters. If you select any other
option from the DHCP Client Identifier Type pull-down menu, you can enter up
to 12 hexadecimal characters. Hexadecimal characters include the numbers 0
through 9 and the letters A through F.
DHCP Class Identifier
Your DHCP server can be set up to send responses according to the group to which
a device belongs. Use this field to enter the access point’s group name. The DHCP
server uses the group name to determine the response to send to the access point.
The access point’s DHCP class identifier is a vendor class identifier.
Entering Web Server Settings and Setting Up Access Point Help
You use the Web Server Setup page to enable browsing to the web-based
management system, specify the location of the access point Help files, and enter
settings for a custom-tailored web system for access point management.
Figure 3-21 shows the Web Server Setup page:
Figure 3-21 Web Server Setup Page
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Follow this link path to reach the Web Server Setup page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Web Server under Services.
Settings on the Web Server Setup Page
The Web Server Setup page contains the following settings:
•
Allow Non-Console Browsing
•
HTTP Port
•
Default Help Root URL
•
Extra Web Page File
•
Default Web Root URL
Allow Non-Console Browsing
Select yes to allow browsing to the management system. If you select no, the
management system is accessible only through the console and Telnet interfaces.
HTTP Port
This setting determines the port through which your access point provides web
access. Your System Administrator should be able to recommend a port setting.
Default Help Root URL
This entry tells the access point where to look for the Help files. The Help button
on each management system page opens a new browser window displaying help
for that page. The online help files are provided on the access point and bridge CD
in the Help directory. You can point to the help files in one of four possible
locations:
•
Internet—Cisco maintains up-to-date help for access points on the Cisco
website. While this location requires online access for every occasion of
needing online help, it offers the most up-to-date information. If you use this
help location, which is the default setting, you don’t need to copy the files
from the access point and bridge CD.
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•
File Server—On multi-user networks, the help files can be placed on the
network file server. For this location, enter the full directory URL in the
Default Help Root URL entry field. Your entry might look like this:
[system name]\[directory]\wireless\help
•
Hard Drive—you can copy the help files to the hard drive of the computer you
use to manage the wireless LAN. If you use this location, enter the full
directory URL. Your entry might look like this:
file:///[drive letter]:\[folder or subdirectory]\wireless\help
Extra Web Page File
If you need to create an alternative to the access point’s management system, you
can create HTML pages and load them into the access point. You use this entry
field to specify the filename for your HTML page stored on the file server.
Click Load Now to load the HTML page.
Default Web Root URL
This setting points to the access point management system’s HTML pages. If you
create alternative HTML pages, you should change this setting to point to the
alternative pages. The default setting is:
mfs0:/StdUI/
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Entering Name Server Settings
You use the Name Server Setup page to configure the access point to work with
your network’s Domain Name System (DNS) server. Figure 3-22 shows the Name
Server Setup page:
Figure 3-22 The Name Server Setup Page
Follow this link path to reach the Name Server Setup page:
•
On the Summary Status page, click Setup
•
On the Setup page, click Name Server under Services.
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Settings on the Name Server Setup Page
The Name Server Setup page contains the following settings:
•
Domain Name System
•
Default Domain
•
Domain Name Servers
•
Domain Suffix
Domain Name System
If your network uses a Domain Name System (DNS), select Enabled to direct the
access point to use the system. If your network does not use DNS, select
Disabled.
Default Domain
Enter the name of your network's IP domain in the entry field. Your entry might
look like this:
mycompany.com
The Current Domain line under the entry field lists the domain that is serving the
access point. The current domain might be different from the domain in the entry
field if, on the Boot Server Setup page, you have DHCP or BOOTP set as the
Configuration Server Protocol, but you selected No for the setting “Use previous
Configuration Server settings when no server responds?”
Domain Name Servers
Enter the IP addresses of up to three domain name servers on your network. The
Current lines to the right of the entry fields list the servers the access point is
currently using, which may be specified by the DHCP or BOOTP server.
Domain Suffix
In this entry field, enter the portion of the full domain name that you would like
omitted from access point displays. For example, in the domain
“mycompany.com” the full name of a computer might be
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“mycomputer.mycompany.com.” With domain suffix set to “mycompany.com,”
the computer's name would be displayed on management system pages as simply
“mycomputer.”
Entering FTP Settings
You use the FTP Setup page to assign File Transfer Protocol settings for the access
point. All non-browser file transfers are governed by the settings on this page.
Figure 3-23 shows the FTP Setup page:
Figure 3-23 The FTP Setup Page
Follow this link path to reach the FTP Setup page:
•
On the Summary Status page, click Setup
•
On the Setup page, click FTP under Services.
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Settings on the FTP Setup Page
The FTP Setup page contains the following settings:
•
File Transfer Protocol
•
Default File Server
•
FTP Directory
•
FTP User Name
•
FTP User Password
File Transfer Protocol
Use the pull-down menu to select FTP or TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol).
TFTP is a relatively slow, low-security protocol that requires no username or
password.
Default File Server
Enter the IP address or DNS name of the file server where the access point should
look for FTP files.
FTP Directory
Enter the file server directory that contains the firmware image files.
FTP User Name
Enter the username assigned to your FTP server. You don’t need to enter a name
in this field if you select TFTP as the file transfer protocol.
FTP User Password
Enter the password associated with the file server’s username. You don’t need to
enter a password in this field if you select TFTP as the file transfer protocol.
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Routing Setup
Routing Setup
You use the Routing Setup page to configure the access point to communicate
with the IP network routing system. You use the page settings to specify the
default gateway and to build a list of installed network route settings. Figure 3-24
shows the Routing Setup page.
Figure 3-24 Routing Setup Page
Follow this link path to reach the Routing Setup page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Routing under Services.
Entering Routing Settings
The Routing Setup page contains the following settings:
•
Default Gateway
•
New Network Route Settings
•
Installed Network Routes list
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Default Gateway
Enter the IP address of your network’s default gateway in this entry field. The
entry 255.255.255.255 indicates no gateway.
New Network Route Settings
You can define additional network routes for the access point. To add a route to
the installed list, fill in the three entry fields and click Add. To remove a route
from the list, highlight the route and click Remove. The three entry fields include:
•
Dest Network—Enter the IP address of the destination network.
•
Gateway—Enter the IP address of the gateway used to reach the destination
network.
•
Subnet Mask—Enter the subnet mask associated with the destination
network.
Installed Network Routes list
The list of installed routes provides the destination network IP address, the
gateway, and the subnet mask for each installed route.
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Association Table Display Setup
Association Table Display Setup
You use the Association Table Filters and the Association Table Advanced pages
to customize the display of information in the access point’s Association Table.
Association Table Filters Page
Figure 3-25 shows the Association Table Filters page.
Figure 3-25 Association Table Filters Page
Follow this link path to reach the Association Table Filters page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Display Defaults under Associations.
You can also reach the Association Table Filters page through the “additional
display filters” link on the Association Table page. When you reach the page
through the “additional display filters” link, four buttons appear at the bottom of
the page that are different from the standard buttons on management system
pages. The buttons include:
•
Apply—Applies your selections to the Association Table and returns you to
the Association Table page.
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•
Save as Default—Saves your selections as new default settings and returns
you to the Association Table page.
•
Restore Current Defaults—Applies the currently saved default settings to the
Association Table and returns you to the Association Table page.
•
Restore Factory Defaults—Applies the factory default settings to the
Association Table and returns you to the Association Table page.
Settings on the Association Table Filters Page
The Association Table Filters page contains the following settings:
•
Stations to Show
•
Fields to Show
•
Packets To/From Station
•
Bytes To/From Station
•
Primary Sort
•
Secondary Sort
Stations to Show
Select the station types that you want to be displayed in the Association Table. If
you select all station types, all stations of these types appear in the access point’s
Association Table.
Fields to Show
The fields you select here are the column headings for the Association Table.
Fields include:
•
System Name—A device’s system name.
•
State—A device’s operational state. Possible states include:
– Assoc—The station is associated with an access point.
– Unauth—The station is unauthenticated with any access point.
– Auth—The station is authenticated with an access point.
•
IP Address—A device’s IP address.
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•
Parent—A wireless client device’s parent device, which is usually an access
point.
•
Device—A device’s type, such as a 350 series access point or a PC Client
Card. Non-Aironet devices appear as “Generic 802.11” devices.
•
SW Version—The current version of firmware on a device.
•
Class—A device’s role in the wireless LAN. Classes include:
– AP—an access point station.
– Client or PS Client—a client or power-save client station.
– Bridge, Bridge R—a bridge or a root bridge.
– Rptr—a repeater access point.
– Mcast—a multicast address.
– Infra—an infrastructure node, usually a workstation with a wired
connection to the Ethernet network.
Packets To/From Station
Use these settings to display packet volume information in the Association Table.
Select Total to display the total number of packets to and from each station on the
network.
Select Alert to display the number of alert packets to and from each station on the
network for which you have activated alert monitoring. Select the Alert checkbox
on a device’s Station page to activate alert monitoring for that device. See the
“Using Station Pages” section on page 5-3 for details on Station pages.
The Total and Alert selections both add a column to the Association Table.
Bytes To/From Station
Use these settings to display byte volume information in the Association Table.
Select Total to display the total number of bytes to and from each station on your
wireless network. Select Alert to display the number of alert bytes to and from
each station on the wireless network. Both selections add a column to the
Association Table.
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Primary Sort
This setting determines the information that appears in the first column in the
Association Table.
Secondary Sort
This setting determines the information that appears in the second column in the
Association Table.
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Association Table Advanced Page
You use the Association Table Advanced page to control the total number of
devices the access point can list in the Association Table and the amount of time
the access point continues to track each device class when a device is inactive.
Figure 3-26 shows the Association Table Advanced page.
Figure 3-26 Association Table Advanced Page
Follow this link path to reach the Association Table Advanced page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Advanced under Associations.
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Settings on the Association Table Advanced Page
The Association Table Advanced page contains the following settings:
•
Handle Station Alerts as Severity Level
•
Maximum number of bytes stored per Station Alert packet
•
Maximum Number of Forwarding Table Entries
•
Aironet Extended Statistics in MIB (awcTpFdbTable)
•
Block ALL Inter-Client Communications (PSPF)
•
Default Activity Timeout (seconds) Per Device Class
Handle Station Alerts as Severity Level
This setting determines the Severity Level at which Station Alerts are reported in
the Event Log. This setting also appears on the Event Handling Setup page. You
can choose from four Severity Levels:
•
Fatal Severity Level (System, Protocol, Port)— Fatal-level events indicate an
event that prevents operation of the port or device. For operation to resume,
the port or device usually must be reset. Fatal-level events appear in red in the
Event Log.
•
Alert Severity Level (System, Protocol, Port, External)—Alert-level
messages indicate that you need to take action to correct the condition and
appear in magenta in the Event Log.
•
Warning Severity Level (System, Protocol, Port, External)—Warning-level
messages indicate that an error or failure may have occurred and appear in
blue in the Event Log.
•
Information Severity Level (System, Protocol, Port, External)—Informationlevel messages notify you of some sort of event, not fatal (that is, the port has
been turned off, the rate setting has been changed, etc.) and appear in green
in the Event Log.
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Maximum number of bytes stored per Station Alert packet
This setting determines the maximum number of bytes the access point stores for
each Station Alert packet when packet tracing is enabled. If you use 0 (the default
setting), the access point does not store bytes for Station Alert packets; it only logs
the event. See the “Event Handling Setup Page” section on page 3-72 for
instructions on enabling packet tracing.
Maximum Number of Forwarding Table Entries
This setting determines the maximum number of devices that can appear in the
Association Table.
Aironet Extended Statistics in MIB (awcTpFdbTable)
Use this setting to enable or disable the storage of detailed statistics in access
point memory. When you disable extended statistics you conserve memory, and
the access point can include more devices in the Association Table.
Block ALL Inter-Client Communications (PSPF)
Publicly Secure Packet Forwarding (PSPF) prevents client devices associated to
an access point from inadvertently sharing files with other client devices on the
wireless network. It provides Internet access to client devices without providing
other capabilities of a LAN. With PSPF enabled, client devices cannot
communicate with other client devices on the wireless network. This feature is
useful for public wireless networks like those installed in airports or on college
campuses.
Note
The PSPF feature is available in firmware versions 11.08 and later, which are
available on Cisco.com. You can download Cisco Aironet firmware releases at
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-wireless.shtml.
Default Activity Timeout (seconds) Per Device Class
These settings determine the number of seconds the access point continues to
track an inactive device depending on its class. A setting of zero tells the access
point to track a device indefinitely no matter how long it is inactive. A setting of
300 equals 5 minutes; 1800 equals 30 minutes; 28800 equals 8 hours.
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Event Notification Setup
Event Notification Setup
You use the Event Display Setup, Event Handling Setup, and Event Notifications
Setup pages to customize the display of access point events (alerts, warnings, and
normal activity).
Event Display Setup Page
You use the Event Display Setup page to determine how time should be displayed
on the Event Log. In addition, you can determine what severity level is significant
enough to display an event. Figure 3-27 shows the Event Display Setup page.
Figure 3-27 The Event Display Setup Page
Follow this link path to reach the Event Display Setup page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Display Defaults under Event Log.
Settings on the Event Display Setup Page
The Event Display Setup page contains the following settings:
•
How should time generally be displayed?
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•
How should Event Elapsed (non-wall-clock) Time be displayed?
•
Severity Level at which to display events
How should time generally be displayed?
You use this pull-down menu to determine whether the events in the Event Log
are displayed as system uptime or wall-clock time. If you select system uptime,
the events are displayed either since the boot or since the last time the Event Log
was displayed. If you select wall-clock time, the events are displayed in a
YY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS format. If time has not been set on the access point
(either manually or by a time server), the time display appears as uptime
regardless of this selection.
How should Event Elapsed (non-wall-clock) Time be displayed?
Choose to display event time since the last boot-up of the access point or the time
that has elapsed since the event occurred.
Severity Level at which to display events
When an event occurs, it may be displayed immediately on the console, on the
console log, or on the GUI log for read purposes only. The event may also be
recorded. (You control display and recording of events through the Event
Handling Setup page; see the “Event Handling Setup Page” section on page 3-72
for details.) Use the pull-down menus to choose one of the sixteen severity levels
for each display area. Table 3-2 lists the severity levels.
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Table 3-2
Event Display Severity Levels
Severity Level
Description
*silent*
The *silent* setting directs the access point to not
display any events immediately on the console, the
console log, or the GUI log.
System Fatal
The Fatal settings indicate an event that prevents
operation of the port or device. For operation to
resume, the port or device usually must be reset.
Protocol Fatal
Port Fatal
System alert
Protocol alert
Port alert
External alert
•
System refers to the access point as a whole.
•
Protocol refers to a specific communications
protocol in use, such as HTTP or IP.
•
Port refers to the access point’s Ethernet or radio
network interface.
The Alert settings indicate events of which an
administrator specifically requested to be informed.
•
System refers to the access point as a whole.
•
Protocol refers to a specific communications
protocol in use, such as HTTP or IP.
•
Port refers to the access point’s Ethernet or radio
network interface.
•
External refers to a device on the network other
than the access point.
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Table 3-2
Event Display Severity Levels (continued)
Severity Level
Description
System warning
The Warning settings indicate that a failure has
occurred.
Protocol warning
Port warning
External warning
System information
Protocol information
Port information
External information
•
System refers to the access point as a whole.
•
Protocol refers to a specific communications
protocol in use, such as HTTP or IP.
•
Port refers to the access point’s Ethernet or radio
network interface.
•
External refers to a device on the network other
than the access point.
The Information settings indicate a normal action
that isn’t fatal (that is, the port has been turned off,
the rate setting has been changed, etc.)
•
System refers to the access point as a whole.
•
Protocol refers to a specific communications
protocol in use, such as HTTP or IP.
•
Port refers to the access point’s Ethernet or radio
network interface.
•
External refers to a device on the network other
than the access point.
These selections affect display of events only. They are used to filter information,
not to remove it from the Event Log. To remove information from the Event Log,
click Purge Log on the Event Log page.
Event Handling Setup Page
You use the Event Handling Setup page to determine how notification of the fatal,
alert, warning, and information events should occur. You can choose to only count
the events, display them to the console but not store them, record them after
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displaying them on the console, or notify someone of the occurrence after
displaying and recording the event. Figure 3-28 shows the Event Handling Setup
page.
Figure 3-28 The Event Handling Setup Page
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Event Notification Setup
Follow this link path to reach the Event Handling Setup page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Event Handling under Event Log.
Settings on the Event Handling Setup Page
The Event Handling Setup page contains the following settings:
•
Disposition of Events
•
Handle Station Events as Severity Level
•
Maximum memory reserved for Detailed Event Trace Buffer (bytes)
•
Download Detailed Event Trace Buffer
•
Clear Alert Statistics
•
Purge Trace Buffer
Disposition of Events
The event settings control how events are handled by the access point: counted,
displayed in the log, recorded, or announced in a notification. The settings are
color coded: red for fatal errors, magenta for alerts, blue for warnings, and green
for information. You select an option from each setting's pull-down menu. Each
option includes and builds upon the previous option.
•
Count—Tallies the total events occurring in this category without any form
of notification or display.
•
Display Console—Provides a read-only display of the event but does not
record it.
•
Record—Makes a record of the event in the log and provides a read-only
display of the event.
•
Notify—Makes a record of the event in the log, displays the event, and tells
the access point to notify someone of the occurrence.
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Handle Station Events as Severity Level
You use this setting to set a severity level for Station Alerts. Use the pull-down
menu to choose one of the sixteen severity levels. Table 3-2 on page 3-71 lists the
severity levels in the menu. The *silent* option is not available for station events,
however.
Maximum memory reserved for Detailed Event Trace Buffer (bytes)
Enter the number of bytes reserved for the Detailed Event Trace Buffer. The
Detailed Event Trace Buffer is a tool for tracing the contents of packets between
specified stations on your network.
After you reserve space for the trace buffer, browse to a device’s Station page and
select the Alert checkboxes in the To Station and From Station columns. See the
“Browsing to Network Devices” section on page 5-2 for instructions on opening
a device’s Station page.
Download Detailed Event Trace Buffer
Use these links to view Headers Only or All Data in the detailed trace buffer. The
number of bytes saved per packet is controlled on the Association Table Advanced
Setup page.
If your browser is Netscape Communicator, click the links with your left mouse
button to view the trace data. Click the links with your right mouse button and
select Save Link As to save the data in a file.
Clear Alert Statistics
Click this button to reset the alert tallies to 0.
Purge Trace Buffer
Click this button to delete the packet traces from the Event Trace Buffer.
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Event Notifications Setup Page
You use the Event Notifications Setup page to enable and configure notification
of fatal, alert, warning, and information events to destinations external to the
access point, such as an SNMP server or a Syslog system.
Note
For event notifications to be sent to an external destination, the events must be
set to Notify on the Event Handling Setup page. See the “Event Handling
Setup Page” section on page 3-72 for a description of the settings on the Event
Handling Setup page.
Figure 3-29 shows the Event Notifications Setup page.
Figure 3-29 Event Notifications Setup Page
Follow this link path to reach the Event Notifications Setup page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Event Notifications under Event Log.
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Settings on the Event Notifications Setup Page
The Event Notifications Setup page contains the following settings:
•
Should Notify-Disposition Events generate SNMP Traps?
•
SNMP Trap Destination
•
SNMP Trap Community
•
Should Notify-Disposition Events generate Syslog Messages?
•
Syslog Destination Address
•
Syslog Facility Number
Should Notify-Disposition Events generate SNMP Traps?
Select yes to send event notifications to an SNMP server.
Note
For notifications to be sent to an SNMP server, SNMP must be enabled on the
SNMP Setup page, and you must set an SNMP trap destination and an SNMP
trap community.
SNMP Trap Destination
Type the IP address or the host name of the server running the SNMP Management
software. This setting also appears on the SNMP Setup page.
SNMP Trap Community
Type the SNMP community name. This setting also appears on the SNMP Setup
page.
Should Notify-Disposition Events generate Syslog Messages?
Select yes to send event notifications to a Syslog server.
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Syslog Destination Address
Type the IP address or the host name of the server running Syslog.
The Network Default Syslog Destination line under the syslog destination address
field lists the syslog destination address provided by the DHCP or BOOTP server.
This default syslog destination is only used if the syslog destination address field
is blank.
Syslog Facility Number
Type the Syslog Facility number for the notifications. The default setting is 16,
which corresponds to the Local0 facility code.
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Security Setup
This chapter describes how to set up your access point’s security features. This
chapter contains the following sections:
•
Security Overview, page 4-2
•
Setting Up WEP, page 4-9
•
Enabling Additional WEP Security Features, page 4-13
•
Setting Up Open or Shared Key Authentication, page 4-19
•
Setting Up EAP Authentication, page 4-19
•
Setting Up MAC-Based Authentication, page 4-29
•
Summary of Settings for Authentication Types, page 4-37
•
Setting Up Backup Authentication Servers, page 4-40
•
Setting Up Administrator Authorization, page 4-41
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Security Overview
Security Overview
This section describes the types of security features you can enable on the access
point. The security features protect wireless communication between the access
point and other wireless devices, control access to your network, and prevent
unauthorized entry to the access point management system.
Levels of Security
Security is vital for any wireless network, and you should enable all the security
features available on your network. Figure 4-1 shows possible levels of security
on Cisco Aironet wireless networking equipment, from no security on the left to
highest security on the right. The highest level of security, EAP authentication,
interacts with a Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server on
your network to provide authentication service for wireless client devices.
Figure 4-1
Default
settings
Wireless LAN Security Levels
Unique
Shared
SSID with
key
Broadcast authenSSID
tication
disabled with WEP
MACbased
Open
authenauthentication
tication
with WEP with WEP
Most secure
65677
Not secure
EAP
authenEAP
tication
authen- with MIC,
tication
TKIP, and
with WEP
WEP
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Security Overview
If you don’t enable any security features on your access point, anyone with a
wireless networking device is able to join your network. If you enable open or
shared-key authentication with WEP encryption, your network is safe from casual
outsiders but vulnerable to intruders who use a hacking algorithm to calculate the
WEP key. If you enable server-based EAP authentication with Message Integrity
Check (MIC), Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP, also known as key
hashing), and broadcast key rotation, your network is safe from all but the most
sophisticated attacks against wireless security.
Encrypting Radio Signals with WEP
Just as anyone within range of a radio station can tune to the station’s frequency
and listen to the signal, any wireless networking device within range of an access
point can receive the access point’s radio transmissions. Because WEP (Wired
Equivalent Privacy) is the first line of defense against intruders, Cisco
recommends that you use full encryption on your wireless network.
WEP encryption scrambles the communication between the access point and
client devices to keep the communication private. Both the access point and client
devices use the same WEP key to encrypt and unencrypt radio signals. WEP keys
encrypt both unicast and multicast messages. Unicast messages are addressed to
just one device on the network. Multicast messages are addressed to multiple
devices on the network.
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication provides dynamic WEP
keys to wireless users. Dynamic WEP keys are more secure than static, or
unchanging, WEP keys. If an intruder passively receives enough packets
encrypted by the same WEP key, the intruder can perform a calculation to learn
the key and use it to join your network. Because they change frequently, dynamic
WEP keys prevent intruders from performing the calculation and learning the key.
Additional WEP Security Features
Three additional security features defend your wireless network’s WEP keys:
•
Message Integrity Check (MIC)—MIC prevents attacks on encrypted packets
called bit-flip attacks. During a bit-flip attack, an intruder intercepts an
encrypted message, alters it slightly, and retransmits it, and the receiver
accepts the retransmitted message as legitimate. The MIC, implemented on
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both the access point and all associated client devices, adds a few bytes to
each packet to make the packets tamper-proof. See the “Enabling Message
Integrity Check (MIC)” section on page 4-14 for instructions on enabling
MIC.
Note
•
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, also known as WEP key
hashing)—This feature defends against an attack on WEP in which the
intruder uses the unencrypted initialization vector (IV) in encrypted packets
to calculate the WEP key. TKIP removes the predictability that an intruder
relies on to determine the WEP key by exploiting IVs. See the “Enabling
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)” section on page 4-16 for
instructions on enabling TKIP.
•
Broadcast key rotation—EAP authentication provides dynamic unicast WEP
keys for client devices but uses static broadcast, or multicast, keys. When you
enable broadcast WEP key rotation, the access point provides a dynamic
broadcast WEP key and changes it at the interval you select. Broadcast key
rotation is an excellent alternative to TKIP if your wireless LAN supports
wireless client devices that are not Cisco devices or that cannot be upgraded
to the latest firmware for Cisco client devices. See the “Enabling Broadcast
WEP Key Rotation” section on page 4-17 for instructions on enabling
broadcast key rotation.
The MIC, TKIP, and broadcast key rotation features are available in firmware
versions 11.10T and later, which are available on Cisco.com. You can
download Cisco Aironet firmware releases at
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-wireless.shtml.
Network Authentication Types
Before a wireless client device can communicate on your network through the
access point, it must authenticate to the access point and to your network. The
access point uses four authentication mechanisms or types and can use more than
one at the same time:
•
Network-EAP—This authentication type provides the highest level of
security for your wireless network. By using the Extensible Authentication
Protocol (EAP) to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, the
access point helps a wireless client device and the RADIUS server to perform
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mutual authentication and derive a dynamic unicast WEP key. The RADIUS
server sends the WEP key to the access point, which uses it for all unicast data
signals that it sends to or receives from the client. The access point also
encrypts its broadcast WEP key (entered in the access point’s WEP key slot
1) with the client’s unicast key and sends it to the client.
When you enable EAP on your access points and client devices,
authentication to the network occurs in the steps shown in Figure 4-2:
Figure 4-2
Sequence for EAP Authentication
Wired LAN
Access point
or bridge
Client
device
Server
1. Authentication request
3. Username and password
(relay to server)
(relay to client)
4. Authentication challenge
5. Authentication response
(relay to server)
(relay to client)
6. Authentication success
7. Authentication challenge
(relay to server)
(relay to client)
8. Authentication response
9. Successful authentication
(relay to server)
65583
2. Identity request
In steps 1 through 9 in Figure 4-2, a wireless client device and a RADIUS
server on the wired LAN use 802.1x and EAP to perform a mutual
authentication through the access point. The RADIUS server sends an
authentication challenge to the client. The client uses a one-way encryption
of the user-supplied password to generate a response to the challenge and
sends that response to the RADIUS server. Using information from its user
database, the RADIUS server creates its own response and compares that to
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the response from the client. When the RADIUS server authenticates the
client, the process repeats in reverse, and the client authenticates the RADIUS
server.
When mutual authentication is complete, the RADIUS server and the client
determine a WEP key that is unique to the client and provides the client with
the appropriate level of network access, thereby approximating the level of
security in a wired switched segment to an individual desktop. The client
loads this key and prepares to use it for the logon session.
During the logon session, the RADIUS server encrypts and sends the WEP
key, called a session key, over the wired LAN to the access point. The access
point encrypts its broadcast key with the session key and sends the encrypted
broadcast key to the client, which uses the session key to decrypt it. The client
and access point activate WEP and use the session and broadcast WEP keys
for all communications during the remainder of the session.
There is more than one type of EAP authentication, but the access point
behaves the same way for each type: it relays authentication messages from
the wireless client device to the RADIUS server and from the RADIUS server
to the wireless client device. See the “Setting Up EAP Authentication”
section on page 4-19 for instructions on setting up EAP on the access point.
Note
•
If you use EAP authentication, you can select open or shared key
authentication, but you don’t have to. EAP authentication controls
authentication both to your access point and to your network.
MAC address—The access point relays the wireless client device’s MAC
address to a RADIUS server on your network, and the server checks the
address against a list of allowed MAC addresses. If you don’t have a RADIUS
server on your network, you can create the list of allowed MAC addresses on
the access point’s Address Filters page. Devices with MAC addresses not on
the list are not allowed to authenticate. Intruders can create counterfeit MAC
addresses, so MAC-based authentication is less secure than EAP
authentication. However, MAC-based authentication provides an alternate
authentication method for client devices that do not have EAP capability. See
the “Setting Up MAC-Based Authentication” section on page 4-29 for
instructions on enabling MAC-based authentication.
Figure 4-3 shows the authentication sequence for MAC-based authentication.
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Security Overview
Figure 4-3
Sequence for MAC-Based Authentication
Wired LAN
Access point
or bridge
Client
device
Server
1. Authentication request
•
3. MAC address
(relay to server)
(relay to client)
4. Successful authentication
65584
2. Identity request
Open—Allows any device to authenticate and then attempt to communicate
with the access point. Using open authentication, any wireless device can
authenticate with the access point, but the device can only communicate if its
WEP keys match the access point’s. Devices not using WEP do not attempt
to authenticate with an access point that is using WEP. Open authentication
does not rely on a RADIUS server on your network.
Figure 4-4 shows the authentication sequence between a device trying to
authenticate and an access point using open authentication. In this example,
the device’s WEP key does not match the access point’s key, so it can
authenticate but not pass data.
Figure 4-4
Sequence for Open Authentication
Access point
or bridge
with WEP key = 123
Client device
with WEP key = 321
54583
1. Authentication request
2. Authentication response
•
Shared key—Cisco provides shared key authentication to comply with the
IEEE 802.11b standard. However, because of shared key’s security flaws, we
recommend that you avoid using it.
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During shared key authentication, the access point sends an unencrypted
challenge text string to any device attempting to communicate with the access
point. The device requesting authentication encrypts the challenge text and
sends it back to the access point. If the challenge text is encrypted correctly,
the access point allows the requesting device to authenticate. Both the
unencrypted challenge and the encrypted challenge can be monitored,
however, which leaves the access point open to attack from an intruder who
calculates the WEP key by comparing the unencrypted and encrypted text
strings. Because of this weakness, shared key authentication can be less
secure than open authentication. Like open authentication, shared key
authentication does not rely on a RADIUS server on your network.
Figure 4-5 shows the authentication sequence between a device trying to
authenticate and an access point using shared key authentication. In this
example the device’s WEP key matches the access point’s key, so it can
authenticate and communicate.
Figure 4-5
Sequence for Shared Key Authentication
Access point
or bridge
with WEP key = 123
Client device
with WEP key = 123
1. Authentication request
2. Unencrypted challenge
4. Authentication response
54584
3. Encrypted challenge response
Combining MAC-Based, EAP, and Open Authentication
You can set up the access point to authenticate client devices using a combination
of MAC-based and EAP authentication. When you enable this feature, client
devices that associate to the access point using 802.11 open authentication first
attempt MAC authentication; if MAC authentication succeeds, the client device
joins the network. If MAC authentication fails, the access point waits for the client
device to attempt EAP authentication. See the “Authenticating Client Devices
Using MAC Addresses or EAP” section on page 4-34 for more information on this
feature.
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Setting Up WEP
Protecting the Access Point Configuration with User Manager
The access point’s user manager feature prevents unauthorized entry to the access
point management system. You create a list of administrators authorized to view
and adjust the access point settings; unauthorized users are locked out. See the
“Setting Up Administrator Authorization” section on page 4-41 for instructions
on using the user manager.
Setting Up WEP
Use the AP Radio Data Encryption page to set up WEP. You also use the AP Radio
Data Encryption page to select an authentication type for the access point.
Figure 4-6 shows the AP Radio Data Encryption page.
Figure 4-6
AP Radio Data Encryption Page
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Follow this link path to reach the AP Radio Data Encryption page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Security.
3.
On the Security Setup page, click Radio Data Encryption (WEP).
Follow these steps to set up WEP keys and enable WEP:
Step 1
Follow the link path to the AP Radio Data Encryption page.
Step 2
Before you can enable WEP, you must enter a WEP key in at least one of the
Encryption Key fields.
Note
If you enable broadcast key rotation and EAP authentication to
provide client devices with dynamic WEP keys, you can enable WEP
without entering the keys.
For 40-bit encryption, enter 10 hexadecimal digits; for 128-bit encryption, enter
26 hexadecimal digits. Hexadecimal digits include the numbers 0 through 9 and
the letters A through F. Your 40-bit WEP keys can contain any combination of 10
of these characters; your 128-bit WEP keys can contain any combination of 26 of
these characters. The letters are not case-sensitive.
You can enter up to four WEP keys. The characters you type for a key’s contents
appear only when you type them. After you click Apply or OK, you cannot view
the key’s contents.
Note
If you enable EAP authentication, you must select key 1 as the
transmit key. The access point uses the WEP key you enter in key slot
1 to encrypt multicast data signals it sends to EAP-enabled client
devices. If you enable broadcast key rotation, however, you can select
key 1 or key 2 as the transmit key or you can enable WEP without
entering any keys.
Step 3
Use the Key Size pull-down menu to select 40-bit or 128-bit encryption for each
key. The not set option clears the key. You can disable WEP altogether by
selecting not set for each key or by selecting No Encryption in Step 5.
Step 4
Select one of the keys as the transmit key. If you select Network-EAP as the
authentication type, select key 1 as the transmit key.
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Setting Up WEP
Note
Client devices that do not use EAP to authenticate to the access point
must contain the access point’s transmit key in the same key slot in the
client devices’ WEP key lists. If MIC is also enabled on the access
point, the key must also be selected as the transmit key in the client
devices’ WEP key lists.
Table 4-1 shows an example WEP key setup that would work for the access point
and an associated device:
Table 4-1
WEP Key Setup Example
Access Point
Associated Device
Key Slot Transmit? Key Contents
Transmit? Key Contents
12345678901234567890abcdef
–
12345678901234567890abcdef
–
–
–
09876543210987654321fedcba
09876543210987654321fedcba
not set
–
–
not set
not set
FEDCBA09876543211234567890
Because the access point’s WEP key 1 is selected as the transmit key, WEP key 1
on the other device must contain the same contents. WEP key 4 on the other
device is set, but because it is not selected as the transmit key, WEP key 4 on the
access point does not need to be set at all.
The characters you type for the key contents appear only when you type them.
After you click Apply or OK, you cannot view the key contents. Select Not set
from the Key Size pull-down menu to clear a key.
Step 5
Select Optional or Full Encryption from the pull-down menu labeled Use of
Data Encryption by Stations is.
Note
You must set a WEP key before enabling WEP. The options in the Use
of Data Encryption by Stations is pull-down menu do not appear until
you set a key.
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Setting Up WEP
The three settings in the pull-down menu include:
•
No Encryption (default)—The access point communicates only with client
devices that are not using WEP. Use this option to disable WEP.
•
Optional—Client devices can communicate with the access point either with
or without WEP.
Note
•
Full Encryption—Client devices must use WEP when communicating with
the access point. Devices not using WEP are not allowed to communicate.
Note
Step 6
If you select Optional, Cisco Aironet client devices associating to
the access point must be configured to allow association to mixed
cells. See the Cisco Aironet Wireless LAN Adapters Software
Configuration Guide for instructions on configuring Cisco
Aironet client devices.
You must select Full Encryption to enable Message Integrity
Check (MIC). See the “Enabling Message Integrity Check (MIC)”
section on page 4-14 for instructions on setting up MIC.
Click OK. You return automatically to the Security Setup page.
Using SNMP to Set Up WEP
You can use SNMP to set the WEP level on the access point. Consult the “Using
SNMP” section on page 2-11 for details on using SNMP.
Access points use the following SNMP variables to set the WEP level:
•
dot11ExcludeUnencrypted.2
•
awcDot11AllowEncrypted.2
Table 4-2 lists the SNMP variable settings and the corresponding WEP levels.
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Enabling Additional WEP Security Features
Table 4-2
SNMP Variable Settings and Corresponding WEP Levels
SNMP Variable
Note
WEP Full
WEP Off
WEP Optional
dot11ExcludeUnencrypted.2
true
false
false
awcDot11AllowEncrypted.2
true
false
true
Access points do not use the SNMP variable dot11PrivacyInvoked, so it is
always set to disabled.
Enabling Additional WEP Security Features
You can enable three advanced security features to protect against sophisticated
attacks on your wireless network’s WEP keys. This section describes how to set
up and enable these features:
Note
•
Enabling Message Integrity Check (MIC)
•
Enabling Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
•
Enabling Broadcast WEP Key Rotation
The MIC, TKIP, and broadcast key rotation features are available in firmware
versions 11.10T and later, which are available on Cisco.com. You can
download Cisco Aironet firmware releases at
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-wireless.shtml.
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Enabling Additional WEP Security Features
Enabling Message Integrity Check (MIC)
MIC prevents attacks on encrypted packets called bit-flip attacks. During a bit-flip
attack, an intruder intercepts an encrypted message, alters it slightly, and
retransmits it, and the receiver accepts the retransmitted message as legitimate.
The MIC, implemented on both the access point and all associated client devices,
adds a few bytes to each packet to make the packets tamper-proof.
Note
You must set up and enable WEP with full encryption before MIC takes effect.
Note
To use MIC, the Use Aironet Extensions setting on the AP Radio Advanced
page must be set to yes (the default setting).
Use the AP Radio Advanced page to enable MIC. Figure 4-7 shows the AP Radio
Advanced page.
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Figure 4-7
AP Radio Advanced Page
Follow this link path to browse to the AP Radio Advanced page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Advanced in the AP Radio row under Network
Ports.
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Enabling Additional WEP Security Features
Follow these steps to enable MIC:
Step 1
Note
Follow the steps in the “Setting Up WEP” section on page 4-9 to set up and enable
WEP. You must set up and enable WEP with full encryption before MIC becomes
active. If WEP is off or if you set it to optional, MIC is not enabled.
If you enable MIC but you use static WEP (you do not enable any type of EAP
authentication), both the access point and any devices with which it
communicates must use the same WEP key for transmitting data. For example,
if the MIC-enabled access point uses the key in slot 1 as the transmit key, a
client device associated to the access point must use the same key in its slot 1,
and the key in the client’s slot 1 must be selected as the transmit key.
Step 2
Browse to the AP Radio Advanced page.
Step 3
Select MMH from the Enhanced MIC verification for WEP pull-down menu.
Step 4
Make sure yes is selected for the Use Aironet Extensions setting. MIC does not
work if Use Aironet Extensions is set to no.
Step 5
Click OK. MIC is enabled, and only client devices with MIC capability can
communicate with the access point.
Enabling Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), also known as WEP key hashing,
defends against an attack on WEP in which the intruder uses an unencrypted
segment called the initialization vector (IV) in encrypted packets to calculate the
WEP key. TKIP removes the predictability that an intruder relies on to determine
the WEP key by exploiting IVs. TKIP protects both unicast and broadcast WEP
keys.
Note
When you enable TKIP, all WEP-enabled client devices associated to the
access point must support WEP key hashing. WEP-enabled devices that do not
support key hashing cannot communicate with the access point.
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Enabling Additional WEP Security Features
Note
To use TKIP, the Use Aironet Extensions setting on the AP Radio Advanced
page must be set to yes (the default setting).
Tip
When you enable TKIP, you might not need to enable broadcast key rotation.
Key hashing prevents intruders from calculating the static broadcast key, so
you do not need to rotate the broadcast key.
Follow these steps to enable TKIP:
Step 1
Follow the steps in the “Setting Up WEP” section on page 4-9 to set up and enable
WEP. Select either optional or full encryption for the WEP level.
Step 2
Follow this link path to browse to the AP Radio Advanced page:
a.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
b.
On the Setup page, click Advanced in the AP Radio row under Network
Ports.
Step 3
Select Cisco from the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol pull-down menu.
Step 4
Make sure yes is selected for the Use Aironet Extensions setting. Key hashing
does not work if Use Aironet Extensions is set to no.
Step 5
Click OK. TKIP is enabled.
Enabling Broadcast WEP Key Rotation
EAP authentication provides dynamic unicast WEP keys for client devices but
uses static multicast keys. With broadcast, or multicast, WEP key rotation
enabled, the access point provides a dynamic broadcast WEP key and changes it
at the interval you select. Broadcast key rotation is an excellent alternative to
TKIP if your wireless LAN supports wireless client devices that are not Cisco
devices or that cannot be upgraded to the latest firmware for Cisco client devices.
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Note
When you enable broadcast key rotation, only wireless client devices using
LEAP or EAP-TLS authentication can use the access point. Client devices
using static WEP (with open, shared key, or EAP-MD5 authentication) cannot
use the access point when you enable broadcast key rotation.
Tip
Broadcast key rotation and TKIP (WEP key hashing) provide similar
protection. If you enable TKIP, you might not need to enable key rotation.
Follow these steps to enable broadcast key rotation:
Step 1
Follow the steps in the “Setting Up WEP” section on page 4-9 to set up and enable
WEP.
Step 2
Follow this link path to browse to the AP Radio Advanced page:
Step 3
a.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
b.
On the Setup page, click Advanced in the AP Radio row under Network
Ports.
On the AP Radio Advanced page, enter the rotation interval in seconds in the
Broadcast WEP Key rotation interval entry field. If you enter 900, for example,
the access point sends a new broadcast WEP key to all associated client devices
every 15 minutes. To disable broadcast WEP key rotation, enter 0.
Note
You must set the rotation interval on every access point using broadcast key
rotation. You cannot enter the rotation interval on your RADIUS server.
Tip
Use a short rotation interval if the traffic on your wireless network contains
numerous broadcast or multicast packets.
Step 4
Click OK. Broadcast key rotation is enabled.
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Setting Up Open or Shared Key Authentication
Setting Up Open or Shared Key Authentication
Cisco recommends Open authentication as preferable to Shared Key
authentication. The challenge queries and responses used in Shared Key leave the
access point particularly vulnerable to intruders.
Use the AP Radio Data Encryption page to select Open or Shared Key
authentication. Figure 4-6 shows the AP Radio Data Encryption page.
Follow these steps to select Open or Shared Key authentication:
Step 1
Follow the instructions in the “Setting Up WEP” section on page 4-9 to set up and
enable WEP.
You must enable WEP to use shared key authentication, but you do not have to
enable WEP to use open authentication. However, Cisco strongly recommends
that you enable WEP on all wireless networks.
Step 2
Select Open (default) or Shared Key to set the authentications the access point
recognizes. You can select all three authentication types.
Step 3
If you want to force all client devices to perform EAP authentication before
joining the network, select the Require EAP checkbox under Open or Shared.
Selecting the Require EAP checkbox also allows client devices using various
types of EAP authentication, including EAP-TLS and EAP-MD5, to authenticate
through the access point. To allow LEAP-enabled client devices to authenticate
through the access point, you should also select Network-EAP. See the “Setting
Up EAP Authentication” section on page 4-19 for details on the Require EAP and
Network-EAP settings.
Step 4
Click OK. You return automatically to the Security Setup page.
Setting Up EAP Authentication
During EAP authentication, the access point relays authentication messages
between the RADIUS server on your network and the authenticating client device.
This section provides instructions for:
•
Enabling EAP on the Access Point
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Setting Up EAP Authentication
•
Enabling EAP in Cisco Secure ACS
•
Setting up a Repeater Access Point as a LEAP Client
Enabling EAP on the Access Point
You use the Authenticator Configuration page and the AP Radio Data Encryption
page to set up and enable EAP authentication. Figure 4-6 shows the AP Radio
Data Encryption page. Figure 4-8 shows the Authenticator Configuration page.
Figure 4-8
Authenticator Configuration Page
Follow this link path to reach the Authenticator Configuration page:
1.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
2.
On the Setup page, click Security.
3.
On the Security Setup page, click Authentication Server.
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Setting Up EAP Authentication
Follow these steps to enable EAP on the access point:
Step 1
Follow the link path to the Authenticator Configuration page.
You can configure up to four servers for authentication services, so you can set up
backup authenticators. If you set up more than one server for the same service, the
server first in the list is the primary server for that service, and the others are used
in list order when the previous server times out.
Note
Step 2
You can use the same server for both EAP authentication and MAC-address
authentication.
Use the 802.1x Protocol Version (for EAP authentication) pull-down menu to
select the draft of the 802.1x protocol the access point’s radio will use. EAP
operates only when the radio firmware on client devices complies with the same
802.1x Protocol draft as the management firmware on the access point. If the
radio firmware on the client devices that will associate with the access point is
4.16, for example, you should select Draft 8. Menu options include:
•
Draft 7—No radio firmware versions compliant with Draft 7 have LEAP
capability, so you should not need to select this setting.
•
Draft 8—Select this option if LEAP-enabled client devices that associate
with this access point use radio firmware versions 4.13, 4.16, or 4.23.
•
Draft 10—Select this option if client devices that associate with this access
point use Microsoft Windows XP authentication or if LEAP-enabled client
devices that associate with this access point use radio firmware version 4.25
or later.
Note
Functionality in Draft 10 is equivalent to the functionality in Draft
11, the ratified draft of the 802.1X standard.
Table 4-3 lists the radio firmware versions and the drafts with which they comply.
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Table 4-3
802.1x Protocol Drafts and Compliant Client Firmware
Firmware Version
Draft 7
Draft 8
Draft 101
PC/PCI cards 4.13
—
—
PC/PCI cards 4.16
—
—
PC/PCI cards 4.23
—
—
PC/PCI cards 4.25 and later
—
—
WGB34x/352 8.58
—
—
WGB34x/352 8.61 or later
—
—
AP34x/35x 11.05 and earlier
AP34x/35x 11.06 and
—
—
later2
—
—
BR352 11.06 and later
1. Functionality in Draft 10 is equivalent to the functionality in Draft 11, the ratified draft of the
802.1X standard.
2. The default draft setting in access point and bridge firmware version 11.06 and later is Draft 10.
Note
Draft standard 8 is the default setting in firmware version 11.05 and
earlier, and it might remain in effect when you upgrade the firmware
to version 11.06 or later. Check the setting on the Authenticator
Configuration page in the management system to make sure the best
draft standard for your network is selected.
Step 3
Enter the name or IP address of the RADIUS server in the Server Name/IP entry
field.
Step 4
Enter the port number your RADIUS server uses for authentication. The default
setting, 1812, is the port setting for Cisco’s RADIUS server, the Cisco Secure
Access Control Server (ACS), and for many other RADIUS servers. Check your
server’s product documentation to find the correct port setting.
Step 5
Enter the shared secret used by your RADIUS server in the Shared Secret entry
field. The shared secret on the access point must match the shared secret on the
RADIUS server. The shared secret can contain up to 64 alphanumeric characters.
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Setting Up EAP Authentication
Step 6
Enter the number of seconds the access point should wait before authentication
fails. If the server does not respond within this time, the access point tries to
contact the next authentication server in the list if one is specified. Other backup
servers are used in list order when the previous server times out.
Step 7
Select EAP Authentication under the server. The EAP Authentication checkbox
designates the server as an authenticator for any EAP type, including LEAP,
EAP-TLS, and EAP-MD5.
Step 8
Click OK. You return automatically to the Security Setup page.
Step 9
On the Security Setup page, click Radio Data Encryption (WEP) to browse to
the AP Radio Data Encryption page.
Step 10
Select Network-EAP for the Authentication Type setting to allow EAP-enabled
client devices to authenticate through the access point.
Select Require EAP under Open or Shared Key to allow client devices with
EAP-TLS or EAP-MD5 enabled through Windows XP to authenticate through the
access point. If you do not select Require EAP, client devices with EAP enabled
through Windows XP authenticate to the access point but might not perform
mutual EAP authentication with your RADIUS server. LEAP-enabled client
devices perform LEAP authentication through the access point even if you do not
select Require EAP.
Note
When you select Require EAP, you block client devices that are not
using EAP from authenticating through the access point.
Table 4-4 lists the access point settings that provide authentication for various
client devices.
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Table 4-4
Access Point EAP Settings for Various Client Configurations
Access Point Configuration
Network-EAP authentication
Open authentication with
Require EAP checkbox selected
Client Devices Allowed to Authenticate
•
Client devices with LEAP enabled
•
Repeater access points with LEAP
enabled
•
Client devices with EAP enabled
•
Cisco Aironet devices with EAP-TLS or
EAP-MD5 enabled through Windows XP
Note
Step 11
Selecting Require EAP on the
access point blocks non-EAP
client devices from using the
access point.
Check that a WEP key has been entered in key slot 1. If a WEP key has been set
up in slot 1, skip to Step 15. If no WEP key has been set up, proceed to Step 12.
Note
You can use EAP without enabling WEP, but packets sent between the
access point and the client device will not be encrypted. To maintain
secure communications, use WEP at all times.
Step 12
Enter a WEP key in slot 1 of the Encryption Key fields. The access point uses this
key for multicast data signals (signals sent from the access point to several client
devices at once). This key does not need to be set on client devices.
Step 13
Select 128-bit encryption from the Key Size pull-down menu.
Step 14
If the key in slot 1 is the only WEP key set up, select it as the transmit key.
Step 15
Click OK. You return automatically to the Security Setup page.
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Setting Up EAP Authentication
Enabling EAP in Cisco Secure ACS
Cisco Secure Access Control Server for Windows NT/2000 Servers (Cisco Secure
ACS) is network security software that helps authenticate users by controlling
access to a network access server (NAS) device, such as an access server, PIX
Firewall, router, or wireless access point or bridge.
Cisco Secure ACS operates as a Windows NT or Windows 2000 service and
controls the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) of users
accessing networks. Cisco Secure ACS operates with Windows NT 4.0 Server and
Windows 2000 Server.
Note
You must use ACS version 2.6 or later to set up the access point in ACS.
Follow these steps to include the access point as a Network Access Server (NAS)
in Cisco Secure ACS:
Step 1
On the ACS main menu, click Network Configuration.
Step 2
Click Add New Access Server.
Step 3
In the Network Access Server Hostname entry field, type the name you want to
assign to the access point as an access server.
Note
This field does not appear if you are configuring an existing NAS.
Step 4
In the Network Access Server IP address box, type the access point’s IP address.
Step 5
In the Key box, type the shared secret that the TACACS+ or RADIUS NAS and
Cisco Secure ACS use to encrypt the data. For correct operation, the identical key
(case sensitive) must be configured on the access point’s Authenticator
Configuration page and in Cisco Secure ACS.
Step 6
From the Authenticate Using drop-down menu, select RADIUS (Cisco Aironet).
Step 7
To save your changes and apply them immediately, click the Submit + Restart
button.
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Tip
To save your changes and apply them later, click Submit. When you are ready
to implement the changes, select System Configuration > Service Control
and click Restart.
Note
Restarting the service clears the Logged-in User Report, refreshes the Max
Sessions counter, and temporarily interrupts all Cisco Secure ACS services.
Setting a Session-Based WEP Key Timeout
You can set a timeout value for the session-based WEP key. When the timeout
value elapses, the server issues a new dynamic WEP key for authenticated client
devices.
Note
If you enable TKIP (WEP key hashing) on the access point, you do not need
to set up a session-based WEP key timeout. You can use both TKIP and a
session key timeout, but these features provide redundant protection.
You should consider several factors when determining the best session key
timeout value for your wireless network. Consult Product Bulletin 1515: Cisco
Wireless LAN Security Bulletin for guidelines on selecting timeout values. Use
this URL to browse to Product Bulletin 1515:
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/witc/ao350ap/prodlit/1515_pp.htm
Follow these steps to set a timeout value for session-based WEP keys:
Step 1
On the ACS main menu, click Group Setup.
Step 2
In the Group drop-down menu, select the group for which you want to modify the
WEP key/session timeout. The Default group is usually the group you need to
modify.
Step 3
Click Edit Settings.
Step 4
Scroll down to the IETF RADIUS Attributes settings.
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Step 5
Select the checkbox for [027] Session-Timeout and enter the number of seconds
for your timeout value in the [027] Session-Timeout entry field.
Step 6
Click Submit + Restart. The timeout value is enabled.
Setting up a Repeater Access Point as a LEAP Client
If you configure your access point as a repeater (an access point not connected to
the wired LAN), you can set up the repeater access point to authenticate to your
network like other wireless client devices. After you provide a network username
and password for the repeater access point, it authenticates to your network using
LEAP, Cisco’s wireless authentication method, and receives and uses dynamic
WEP keys.
See the “Setting Up a Repeater Access Point” section on page 8-1 for instructions
on setting up a repeater access point.
Follow these steps to enable LEAP authentication on a repeater access point:
Step 1
Set up a username and password on your network just as you would for a new user.
The repeater access point will use this username and password to authenticate.
Step 2
Follow this link path to browse to the AP Radio Identification page:
a.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
b.
On the Setup page, click Identification in the AP Radio row under Network
Ports.
Figure 4-9 shows the AP Radio Identification page.
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Figure 4-9
AP Radio Identification Page
Step 3
Enter the network username you set up for the access point in Step 1 in the LEAP
User Name entry field.
Step 4
Enter the network password you set up for the access point in Step 1 in the LEAP
Password entry field.
Step 5
Click OK.
Step 6
Follow the steps in the “Enabling EAP on the Access Point” section on page 4-20
to enable Network-EAP on the repeater access point.
The next time the repeater reboots, it performs LEAP authentication and
associates to the root access point.
Note
If the repeater access point fails to authenticate because the root access point or
the RADIUS server is not set up correctly, you must reboot the repeater access
point after correcting the problem. The repeater access point does not attempt to
reauthenticate until it reboots.
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Setting Up MAC-Based Authentication
Setting Up MAC-Based Authentication
MAC-based authentication allows only client devices with specified MAC
addresses to associate and pass data through the access point. Client devices with
MAC addresses not in a list of allowed MAC addresses are not allowed to
associate with the access point.You can create a list of allowed MAC addresses in
the access point management system and on a server used for MAC-based
authentication.
This section provides instructions for:
•
Enabling MAC-Based Authentication on the Access Point
•
Authenticating Client Devices Using MAC Addresses or EAP
•
Enabling MAC-Based Authentication in Cisco Secure ACS
Enabling MAC-Based Authentication on the Access Point
Follow these steps to set up and enable MAC-based authentication on the access
point:
Step 1
Follow this link path to reach the Address Filters page:
a.
On the Summary Status page, click Setup.
b.
On the Setup page, click Address Filters under Associations.
Figure 4-10 shows the Address Filters page.
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Figure 4-10 Address Filters Page
Note
Step 2
Step 2 and Step 3 describe entering MAC addresses in the access point
management system. If you will enter MAC addresses only in a list used by
the authentication server, skip to Step 4.
Type a MAC address in the Dest MAC Address field. You can type the address
with colons separating the character pairs (00:40:96:12:34:56, for example) or
without any intervening characters (004096123456, for example).
Make sure the Allowed option is selected under the Dest MAC Address field.
Step 3
Click Add. The MAC address appears in the Existing MAC Address Filters list.
The MAC address remains in the management system until you remove it. To
remove the MAC address from the list, select it and click Remove.
Note
Be sure to enter your own MAC address in the list of allowed
addresses.
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