Vecima Networks WRM2000 Wireless bridge/router model NCL1170 User Manual NCL1155 User Manual

Vecima Networks Inc. Wireless bridge/router model NCL1170 NCL1155 User Manual

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Users manual

NCL1170 User GuideVersion A
WaveRider Communications Inc.Software License AgreementThis is a legal agreement between you (either an individual or an entity) and WaveRider Communications Inc. for the useof WaveRider computer software, hereinafter the “LICENSED SOFTWARE”.By using the LICENSED SOFTWARE installed in this product, you acknowledge that you have read this licenseagreement, understand it, and agree to be bound by its terms. You further agree that it is the full and completeagreement between you and WaveRider Communications Inc., superseding all prior written or verbalagreements of any kind related to the LICENSED SOFTWARE. If you do not understand or do not agree to theterms of this agreement, you will cease using the LICENSED SOFTWARE immediately.1 GRANT OF LICENSE—This License Agreement permits you to use one copy of the LICENSED SOFTWARE.2. COPYRIGHT—The LICENSED SOFTWARE is owned by WaveRider Communications Inc. and is protected by copyright laws and international treaty provisions; therefore, you must treat the LICENSED SOFTWARE like any other copyrighted material (e.g., a book or magazine). You may not copy the written materials accompanying the LICENSED SOFTWARE.3. OTHER RESTRICTIONS—You may not rent or lease the LICENSED SOFTWARE. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the LICENSED SOFTWARE.4. LIMITED WARRANTY—The LICENSED SOFTWARE is provided “as is” without any warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the LICENSED SOFTWARE is with you, the licensee. If the LICENSED SOFTWARE is defective, you assume the risk and liability for the entire cost of all necessary repair, service, or correction.Some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties, so the above exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have other rights, which vary from state/jurisdiction to state/jurisdiction.WaveRider Communications Inc. does not warrant that the functions contained in the LICENSED SOFTWARE will meet your requirements, or that the operation of the LICENSED SOFTWARE will be error-free or uninterrupted.5. NO OTHER WARRANTIES—To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, WaveRider Communications Inc. disclaims all other warranties, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with regard to the LICENSED SOFTWARE and the accompanying written materials.6. NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES—To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall WaveRider Communications Inc. or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising from the use of or inability to use the LICENSED SOFTWARE, even if WaveRider Communications Inc. has been advised of the possibility of such damages, or for any claim by any other party.Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you.In no event will WaveRider’s liability exceed the amount paid for the LICENSED SOFTWARE.
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or organizations: Microsoft Internet Explorer / Microsoft Corporation Netscape / Netscape Communications Corporation© 2001 by WaveRider Communications Inc. All rightsreserved. This manual may not be reproduced by any meansin whole or in part without the express written permission ofWaveRider Communications Canada Inc.Version A, January 2001
WarrantyIn the following warranty text, “WaveRider®” shall mean WaveRider Communications Inc.This WaveRider product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from thedate of purchase. This limited warranty extends only to the original purchaser. During this warranty period WaveRiderwill, at its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective.For warranty service or repair, the product must be returned to a service facility designated by WaveRider. Authorizationto return products must be obtained prior to shipment. The WaveRider RMA number must be on the shippingdocumentation so that the service facility will accept the product. The buyer shall pay all shipping charges to WaveRiderand WaveRider shall pay shipping charges to return the product to the buyer within Canada or the USA. For all othercountries, the buyer shall pay shipping charges as well as duties and taxes incurred in shipping products to or fromWaveRider.WaveRider warrants that the firmware designed by it for use with the unit will execute its programming instructions whenproperly installed on the unit. WaveRider does not warrant that the operation of the unit or firmware will be uninterruptedor error-free.Limitation of WarrantyThe foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the buyer,buyer-supplied interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside the environmental specifications forthe product, or improper site preparation or maintenance or exposure to abnormal physical or electrical stress oraccident. No other warranty is expressed or implied. WaveRider specifically disclaims the implied warranties ofmerchantability and fitness for any particular purpose.No Liability for Consequential DamagesTo the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall WaveRider or its suppliers be liable for anydamages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business profits, business interruption, loss ofbusiness information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising from the use of or inability to use the product, even ifWaveRider has been advised of the possibility of such damages, or for any claim by any other party.Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidentaldamages, the above limitation may not apply to you.In no event will WaveRider’s liability exceed the amount paid for the product.Regulatory NoticesThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A Intentional Radiator, pursuant to Part15 of the FCC Regulations, and RSS-210 of the IC Regulations. These limits are intended to provide protection againstharmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial/business/industrial environment.This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordancewith the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guaranteethat interference will not occur in a particular installation.Any changes or modifications to equipment that are not expressly approved by the manufacturer may void the user’sauthority to operate the equipment. The NCL1170 contains no user-serviceable parts. Unauthorized opening of the unitvoidsthiswarranty.
APCD–NC006–A vContentsPreface ..................................................................ix1 NCL1170Overview .....................................................11.1 Introduction .......................................................11.2 Features..........................................................21.3 AboutSpread-SpectrumRadioTechnology ..............................32 NetworkConsiderations ................................................52.1 NetworkTopology..................................................52.1.1 Point-to-Multipoint ...........................................62.1.2 Point-to-Point ...............................................72.1.3 Repeater ..................................................72.2 BridgingandRoutingNetworkConfigurations.............................82.2.1 Point-to-MultipointBridgingNetwork .............................82.2.2 Point-to-MultipointRoutingNetworks.............................92.3 PlanninganNCL1170Configuration...................................103 InstallingtheNCL1170 .................................................113.1 ConnectingtheNCL1170............................................123.2 InitializingtheNCL1170.............................................143.2.1 ChangingtheNCL1170Password..............................153.2.2 SettingtheNCL1170SystemName ............................163.2.3 ResettinganNCL1170toFactoryDefaults .......................164 ConfiguringtheNCL1170...............................................174.1 SettingtheRadioConfiguration.......................................184.2 SettingtheIPConfiguration..........................................194.3 ConfigurationOptions ..............................................204.3.1 SettingRIPConfiguration ....................................204.3.2 SettingtheDHCPRelayConfiguration ..........................224.3.3 SettingtheSNMPConfiguration ...............................224.3.4 SettingtheDNSResolverConfiguration .........................234.4 ExamplesofBridgingandRoutingConfigurations ........................244.4.1 Point-to-MultipointBridgingNetwork ............................244.4.2 Point-to-MultipointRoutingNetwork ............................274.5 UpdatinganNCL1170UsingRemoteConnections........................324.5.1 EstablishinganFTPConnection ...............................324.5.2 EstablishingaTelnetSession .................................335 TestingandDeployment ...............................................355.1 PerformingaPingTest .............................................355.2 OptimizingSignalStrength ..........................................37
vi APCD–NC006–A5.2.1 RunningtheContinuousTransmit(Tx)Test.......................375.2.2 RunningtheContinuousReceive(Rx)Test .......................385.2.3 PerformingtheTransmit/ReceiveLoopbackTest ..................416 SystemReportingandDiagnostics.......................................436.1 Radio Receive Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) ........................ 436.2 RadioPacketErrorRate(PER)...................................... 446.3 InterfaceStatistics ................................................ 476.3.1 IPStatistics................................................506.3.2 RadioStatistics.............................................527 Troubleshooting ......................................................537.1 Verifying NCL1170 Routing . ........................................ 557.1.1 VerifytheNCL1170RoutingTable..............................55Appendix A NCL1170Command-LineSyntax ...............................57Appendix B AbbreviationsandTerminology................................67Appendix C OperatingChannelFrequencies ...............................73Appendix D NCL1170AntennaRecommendations...........................75Appendix E NCL1170Specifications ......................................77Appendix F ConfigurationDataRecord....................................81
APCD–NC006–A viiFiguresFigure1 TheNCL1170 ................................................1Figure2 Point-to-MultipointApplication....................................6Figure3 Point-to-PointApplication .......................................7Figure4 RepeaterApplication...........................................7Figure5 Point-to-MultipointBridgingNetworkExample .......................8Figure6 Point-to-MultipointRoutingNetworkExample........................9Figure7 NCL1170ConfigurationPlanningFlowchart ........................10Figure8 NCL1170ConnectorsandIndicators .............................12Figure9 ConsolePortPin-outDiagram ..................................13Figure10 ExampleofPoint-to-MultipointBridgingNetwork ....................24Figure11 ExampleofPoint-to-MultipointRoutingNetwork.....................27
viii APCD–NC006–ATablesTable1 MaximumAntennaSystemGain ..................................xTable1 RadioPacketErrorRateAssessment .............................46Table2 InterfaceStatistics ............................................49Table3 IPStatistics .................................................51Table4 RadioStatistics ..............................................52Table5 CommonProblemsandSolutions ................................53Table6 NCL1170Command-LineSyntaxConventions......................57Table7 Command-LineShortcutsandGettingHelp ........................58Table8 NCL1170Command-lineSyntaxDescriptions ......................58Table9 AcronymsandAbbreviations....................................67Table10 NCL1170NetworkTerminology..................................70Table11 NCL1170SupportedAntennas ..................................75Table12 NetworkInterface.............................................77Table13 PhysicalInterface ............................................77Table14 RadioPerformance ...........................................77Table 15 Power Supply . . . . . . . .........................................78Table16 EnvironmentalConsiderations...................................78Table17 Regulatory ..................................................79
APCD–NC006–A ixPrefaceAbout this GuideThis document provides a complete overview of the WaveRider NCL1170 bridge/router,including system features, network planning, and procedures for implementing, installing,operating, and troubleshooting this device.Before proceeding, we recommend that you read the following sections:•Software License Agreement on page ii•Warranty on page iv•Regulatory Notices on page x•Warnings and Advisories on page xii
xAPCD–NC006–ARegulatory NoticesThis device has be designed to operate with several different antenna types. Each antennatype shall not exceed the maximum antenna system gain as given in the following table.Antennas having a higher gain are strictly prohibited by Industry Canada and FCC regulations.The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.Table 1 Maximum Antenna System GainNOTE: For a Dish antenna a cavity filter with a minimum rejection of20 dB, ± 22MHz from the channel center frequency is required.Industry CanadaThe NCL1170 complies with IC RSS–210.Operators must be familiar with IC RSS–210 and RSS–102.The IC certification number for the NCL1170 is “pending”.WARNING!To prevent radio interference to the licensed service, this deviceis intended to be operated indoors and away from windows toprovide maximum shielding. Equipment (or its transmit antenna)that is installed outdoors is subject to licensing.Federal Communications CommissionThe NCL1170 complies with FCC Part 15 Regulations.The FCC ID for the NCL1170 is OOX-WRM2000.The transmitter of this device complies with Part 15.247 of the FCC Rules.Antenna Type Maximum Antenna System GainOmni 9.0 dBiPatch 10.6 dBiYagi 10.1 dBiDish 22.9 dBi
APCD–NC006–A xiWARNING!Operators must be familiar with the requirements of the FCCPart 15 Regulations prior to operating any link using thisequipment. For installations outside the United States, contactlocal authorities for applicable regulations.Interference EnvironmentManufacturers and operators of spread-spectrum devices are reminded that the operation ofthese devices is subject to the conditions that:• Any received interference, including interference from industrial, scientific, andmedical (ISM) operations, must be accepted; and• These devices are not permitted to cause harmful interference to other radio services.If the operation of these systems does cause harmful interference, the operator of the spread-spectrum system must correct the interference problem, even if such correction requires thePart 15 transmitter to cease operation. The FCC does not exempt spread-spectrum devicesfrom this latter requirement regardless of the application. The FCC strongly recommends thatutilities, cellular stations, public safety services, government agencies, and others that providecritical communication services exercise due caution to determine if there are any nearbyradio services that can be affected by their communications.Operational RequirementsIn accordance with the FCC Part 15 regulations:1. The maximum peak power output of the intentional radiator shall not exceed one (1)watt for all spread-spectrum systems operating in the 2.4000-2.4835 GHz band.2. Systems operating in the 2.4000-2.4835 GHz band that are used exclusively for fixed,point-to-point operations may employ transmitting antennas with directional gaingreater than 6 dBi, provided the maximum peak output power of the intentionalradiator is reduced by 1 dB for every 3 dB that the directional gain of the antennaexceeds 6 dBi.3. Stations operating in the 2.4000-2.4835 GHz band that are used for fixed, point-to-multipoint operations may use transmitting antennas of directional gain greater that 6dBi, provided the peak output power from the intentional radiator is reduced by theamount in dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi.4. Fixed, point-to-point operation, as used in Point 2, excludes the use of point-to-multipoint systems, omni-directional applications, and multiple co-located intentionalradiators transmitting the same information. The operator of the spread-spectrumintentional radiator or, if the equipment is professionally installed, the installer isresponsible for ensuring that the system is used exclusively for fixed, point-to-pointoperations.5. The operator of a spread-spectrum system is responsible for ensuring that the systemis operated in the manner outlined in Interference Environment on page xi.
xii APCD–NC006–AWarnings and AdvisoriesGeneral AdvisoryOperator and maintenance personnel must be familiar with the related safety requirementsbefore they attempt to install or operate the NCL1170 equipment.It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure that the public is not exposed to excessiveRadio Frequency (RF) levels. The applicable regulations can be obtained from localauthorities.WARNING!This system must be professionally installed. Antennas andassociated transmission cable must be installed by qualifiedpersonnel. WaveRider assumes no liability for failure to adhereto this recommendation or to recognized general safetyprecautions.WARNING!To comply with FCC RF exposure limits, the antenna for thistransmitter must be fix-mounted on outdoor permanentstructures to provide a separation distance of 2 metres (6.6 feet)from all persons to satisfy RF exposure requirements. Thedistance is measured from the front of the antenna and thehuman body. It is recommended that the antenna be installed ina location with minimal pathway disruption by nearby personnel.WARNING!Do not operate the NCL1170 without connecting a 50-ohmtermination to the antenna port. This termination can be a50-ohm antenna or a 50-ohm resistive load capable of absorbingthe full RF output power of the transceiver. Failure to terminatethe antenna port properly may cause permanent damage to theNCL1170.WARNING!Connect only shielded twisted pair (STP) Ethernet cable to theNCL1170 10Base Tx Ethernet (RJ-45) port. It is the responsibilityof the installer to supply and use the correct type of Ethernetcable.
APCD–NC006–A xiiiCustomer SupportIf you have any problems with the hardware or software, please contact WaveRiderCommunications Inc. Please provide your NCL1170 model number and software version whenrequesting support.WaveRider offers a complete training program. Please contact your sales representative fortraining information.Telephone: +1 416–502–3161Fax: +1 416–502–2968Email: Product Assistance:techsupport@waverider.comURL: www.waverider.com
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APCD–NC006–A 11NCL1170 Overview1.1 IntroductionThe NCL1170 is an intelligent, wireless Internet Protocol (IP) bridge/router that provides high-capacity 2.4 GHz connections between local- and wide-area networks via broadband radiolinks. Employing Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) transmission techniques, theNCL1170 allows you to access the Internet at high speeds, extend Ethernet networks, andconnect to remote locations without the ongoing costs of leased telephone or data lines.Figure 1 The NCL1170
1 NCL1170 Overview2APCD–NC006–A1.2 Features•Flexible deployment—the NCL1170 can operate as either a bridge or router. Inrouting mode, you can set up the NCL1170 to use communications strategies such asRouting Information Protocol (RIP), and Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP).•Ethernet compatibility—the NCL1170 allows users to connect with most Ethernetnetworks or devices.•Microprocessor-controlled signal processing—all functions of WaveRider’sspread-spectrum transceiver are controlled through the integration of a powerful onboard microprocessor.•Architectural flexibility—you can set up NCL1170s as separate point-to-point links,or in a mulitipoint configuration. A single NCL1170 operating in “master” mode candeliver data to and receive data from up to 20 NCL1170s operating in “station” mode.•User-configurable operating system—you can upgrade the NCL1170 remotely viaFTP.•User-customizable monitoring—the NCL1170 operating system supports SimpleNetwork Management Protocol (SNMP), which allows for continual status monitoringof any NCL1170 in your network.•Low interference—Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DSSS) technology transmitssignal information over a wide channel bandwidth, which reduces the potential forinterference with neighboring communications systems. The NCL1170 design permitsthree master units to operate in close proximity without interfering with each other. Forexample, three master units supporting 20 station units each can operate in closeproximity, thus providing 60 end-user links.
1 NCL1170 OverviewAPCD–NC006–A 31.3 About Spread-Spectrum Radio TechnologySpread-spectrum communications systems differ from conventional narrowbandcommunications systems because they use a much larger transmission bandwidth to send thesame amount of information.There are two primary forms of spread spectrum—direct sequence and frequency hopping.The NCL1170 uses Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DSSS). In DSSS systems, thetransmitted information, along with a digital spreading sequence, are used to modulate thetransmit carrier. The received signal is de-spread using the same digital spreading sequence,and the information recovered.Although spread spectrum appears complex and uses a wider bandwidth, the use of DSSSoffers the following advantages:•Reduced power spectral density—Spreading over a wider bandwidth reduces thespectral density (power per Hz of bandwidth) of the transmitted signal, allowingsimultaneous operation of many spread spectrum systems in the same frequencyband and geographic area. The reduced spectral density also allows you meet theregulatory emissions requirements in frequency bands such as the ISM band.•Transmission security—It is technologically more difficult to surreptitiously recover(or jam, in the case of military communications systems) spread-spectrum signalsthan it is to recover conventional narrowband signals.•Interference suppression—The same mechanism that de-spreads the desiredsignal in the receiver, also spreads undesired signals, which then appear to thereceiver as lower levels of RF noise.For more information about spread spectrum communications, contact the WaveRiderProduct Assistance.
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APCD–NC006–A 52Network ConsiderationsHow you configure your NCL1170 depends on its intended role in your network.Before proceeding, answer the following questions:• What network topology will I be implementing?• Will my NCL1170 be operating in bridging or routing mode?• Have I developed a network plan?2.1 Network TopologyThe NCL1170 can be deployed in three different network configurations:• point-to-multipoint• point-to-point• repeaterRegardless of network configuration, each NCL1170 must be installed as either a bridge orrouter; it cannot operate simultaneously in both modes.
2 Network Considerations6APCD–NC006–A2.1.1 Point-to-MultipointIn a typical point-to-multipoint application (see Figure 2) a designated master unit A, transmitsand receives data among station units B, C, D, and E, which are programmed to communicatewith each other only through their master unit. In this type of configuration, the throughput ofunit A is shared among all stations.Figure 2 Point-to-Multipoint ApplicationRadioEthernetCNCL1170EthernetBNCL1170DEthernetNCL1170ENCL1170EthernetEthernetANCL1170
2 Network ConsiderationsAPCD–NC006–A 72.1.2 Point-to-PointIn a typical point-to-point application, (see Figure 3), unit A communicates directly with unit B.The NCL1170 can perform this type of link in either bridging or routing mode.Figure 3 Point-to-Point Application2.1.3 RepeaterIn a typical repeater application, (see Figure 4), unit A communicates with unit B via back-to-back NCL1170 units C and D, with different frequencies used for each leg of the path. Youwould implement an NCL1170 in a repeater configuration whenever you need to circumventlarge obstacles in the radio link path, or when the link from unit A to unit B is too long tomaintain reasonable signal levels and data throughput.Figure 4 Repeater ApplicationIn this configuration, the effective data throughput among any combination of units is equal toor less than the throughput between the slowest links.NCL1170 NCL1170ABEthernet EthernetRadioBNCL1170Ethernet Radio Ethernet EthernetRadioACDNCL1170 NCL1170 NCL1170
2 Network Considerations8APCD–NC006–A2.2 Bridging and Routing Network Configurations2.2.1 Point-to-Multipoint Bridging NetworkIn a typical point-to-multipoint bridging network, (see Figure 5) unit A is installed as thenetwork master, with units B, C, and D configured as stations, each defined by two networkparameters:•Master ID—which must be the same as the Unit ID for A.•Unit ID—which must be added to the Remote Station List for A before it can berecognized as a network device.If a station has a Master ID that does not match the unit ID for A, or it is not on the MasterRemote Station List for A, it will not be able to communicate across the network.Figure 5 Point-to-Multipoint Bridging Network ExampleEthernetNCL1170CEthernetNCL1170BEthernetNCL1170DEthernet RadioNCL1170AType: StationUnit ID: 103Radio Channel: 1Mode: BridgingIP Address - Ethernet: 10.0.2.103Master ID: 1001Type: StationUnit ID: 102Radio Channel: 1Mode: BridgingIP Address - Ethernet: 10.0.2.102Master ID: 1001Type: StationUnit ID: 101Radio Channel: 1Mode: BridgingIP Address - Ethernet: 10.0.2.101Master ID: 1001Type: MasterUnit ID: 1001Radio Channel: 1Mode: BridgingIP Address - Ethernet: 10.0.2.44Remote Station List: 101102103
2 Network ConsiderationsAPCD–NC006–A 92.2.2 Point-to-Multipoint Routing NetworksIn a typical point-to-multipoint routing network, (see Figure 6), NCL1170 unit A is dedicated asa router, while NCL1170 units B through D are operating in Station mode as gateways to theirrespective networks.Figure 6 Point-to-Multipoint Routing Network ExampleEthernetNCL1170CEthernetNCL1170BEthernetNCL1170DEthernet RadioNCL1170AType: StationUnit ID: 103Radio Channel: 1Mode: RoutingIP Address - Ethernet: 13.0.2.103- Radio: 10.0.2.103Master ID: 1001Type: StationUnit ID: 102Radio Channel: 1Mode: RoutingIP Address - Ethernet: 12.0.2.102- Radio: 10.0.2.102Master ID: 1001Type: StationUnit ID: 101Radio Channel: 1Mode: RoutingIP Address - Ethernet: 11.0.2.101- Radio: 10.0.2.101Master ID: 1001Type: MasterUnit ID: 1001Radio Channel: 1Mode: RoutingIP Address - Ethernet: 14.0.2.44- Radio: 10.0.2.44Remote Station List: 101102103
2 Network Considerations10 APCD–NC006–A2.3 Planning an NCL1170 ConfigurationConfiguring each NCL1170 correctly is crucial to the proper operation of your network. Reviewthe flowchart in Figure 7 before starting the configuration to ensure that you have thenecessary information to configure the unit correctly.Record your configuration options for each unit in a configuration record similar to the oneprovided in Appendix F. Use the Configuration Data Record to help you plan your network andkeep track of NCL1170 network assignments.Figure 7 NCL1170 Configuration Planning FlowchartStart NCL1170ConfigurationDetermine IP address andsubnet mask for EthernetinterfaceBridging orRouting?Determine IP addressand subnet mask forradio interface(Optional)Determine SNMPconfigurationDetermine static routes(Optional)Determine DNS serverconfigurationEnd NCL1170ConfigurationRoutingBridgeIP Configuration(Optional)Determine DHCP Relayconfiguration(Optional)Determine static routesMaster orStation?Determine radiochannelDetermine stationunit IDs forRemote StationListDetermine masterunit IDStationMasterRadio Configuration(Optional)Determine RIPconfigurationDetermine unit ID
APCD–NC006–A 113Installing the NCL1170This section describes the steps required to connect and initialize the NCL1170 hardware priorto configuring the device as a bridge or router.WARNING!Antennas and associated transmission cable must be installedby qualified personnel. Failure to terminate the antenna portcorrectly can permanently damage the NCL1170. WaveRiderassumes no liability for failure to adhere to this recommendationor to recognized general safety precautions.WARNING!Connect only shielded twisted pair (STP) Ethernet cable to the10Base Tx Ethernet (RJ-45) port on the NCL1170. It is theresponsibility of the installer to supply and use the correct typeof Ethernet cable.WARNING!The AC adapter shipped with your NCL1170 is the only approvedpower supply for this device. Attempting to power the NCL1170from any other source—even if it meets or exceeds our productspecifications—will void your warranty unless you obtain priorapproval in writing from WaveRider Customer Support.
3 Installing the NCL117012 APCD–NC006–A3.1 Connecting the NCL11701. Attach an antenna or 50-ohm load to the antenna port at the rear of the NCL1170. DoNOT plug the NCL1170 to the power outlet until you have the antenna or loadconnected.NOTE: To prevent equipment damage, the NCL1170 is factory presetwith its radio transmission capabilities disabled. However, as ageneral precaution, WaveRider recommends that you alwaysconnect the antenna or load before connecting to a powersource.Figure 8 NCL1170 Connectors and Indicators2. Use an RS-232 straight-through cable to connect a terminal to the DB9 console port.NOTE: You can use any ASCII terminal, such as a single-functionterminal or a computer running terminal-emulation software tocommunicate with the NCL1170 through its console port. Use thisport for configuring and debugging only; you do not have toremain connected through it during normal operation. Figure 9illustrates the pin-out for the console port.Receive SignalStrength IndicatorRadio LinkIndicatorPower ON IndicatorFront ViewRear ViewPowerConnector10Base Tx EthernetConnector (RJ-45)RS-232 Connector (DB-9) Console PortAntenna Connector (WaveRider custom SMA)
3 Installing the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 13Figure 9 Console Port Pin-out Diagram3. If you are using a terminal-emulation package, such as HyperTerminal, start theapplication.4. In the terminal-emulation application, select the communications port that you areusing to connect to the NCL1170.5. Configure the application using the following settings:• 9600 bps• 8 data bits•noparity• 1 stop bit•noflowcontrol6. Plug the NCL1170 into a 110 or 220 V AC power source using the custom power cordprovided with the unit.NOTE: When disengaging and removing the NCL1170 power cord,carefully slide back the locking collar around its DC connector.DB9 Male DTE ConfigurationPin 2 Tx linePin 3 Rx linePin 4 DSRPin 5 GroundPin 6 DTR986754321
3 Installing the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 143.2 Initializing the NCL1170As the unit powers-up, and the initialization sequence begins, progress messages aredisplayed on the terminal screen. When initialization is complete, you will receive a messageindicating that the system is operational, followed by the PASSWORD: prompt. The factorydefault password for the NCL1170 is a <blank field>, although WaveRider recommends thatyou assign an unique password to each NCL1170 in your network.If the NCL1170 default password <blank field> is acceptable, Enter. Otherwise,To change the password of your NCL1170, follow the instructions in Changing theNCL1170 Password, on page 15.To specify a system name for your NCL1170, follow the instructions in Setting theNCL1170 System Name, on page 16.To reload the default settings of an NCL1170 already configured for use elsewherein your network, follow the instructions is Resetting an NCL1170 to Factory Defaults,on page 16. If the NCL1170 is a factory-configured unit, you can omit this step.For each of these procedures, you must be connected to the NCL1170 and loggedinto the device.
3 Installing the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 153.2.1 Changing the NCL1170 PasswordUse this procedure if you want to request a password before users log on.For maximum security, we recommend that you set a unique password for each unit in yournetwork, and record all passwords on the Configuration Data Record for the group. Refer toAppendix F for a copy of the NCL1170 Network Group Configuration Data Record.To change the password of the NCL11701. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <system password>.2. At the Enter Current Password: prompt, type the old password.3. At the Enter New Password: prompt, type the new password.TIP: Use a maximum of sixteen (16) alphanumericcharacters. Passwords are case-sensitive. For example,“abc” is not the same as “aBc”.4. At the Verify password: prompt, type the new password again.The system will display a message that your password has been successfullychanged.5. Type <write> or <save> to save the settings to memory.Your session to change the password may be similar to the following example session:NCL1170> system passwordEnter Current Password: *******Enter New Password: ****Verify password: ****System password has been changed.NCL1170>CAUTION: Remember to record the password in your Data Configuration Record.Unlocking the NCL1170 can be a complicated process. If you forget your NCL1170password, contact WaveRider Product Assistance.
3 Installing the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 163.2.2 Setting the NCL1170 System NameUse this procedure if you want to uniquely identify your system by either name or location.To change the system name of the NCL11701. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <system name your_system_name>to name theNCL1170 in your system.TIP: We recommend that you use a system name thatuniquely identifies each unit, based on its location, itspurpose, or a combination of both. For example, a systemname, Station_firehall identifies the NCL1170 configuredas a Station and located at the firehall.Example: To change the system name from NCL1170 to Station_firehall wouldlook like this:NCL1170> system name Station_firehallSystem name changed to: Station_firehallStation_firehall>2. Type <write> or <save> to save the settings to memory.NOTE: In this User Manual, the command-line prompt will always beshown as NCL1170>.3.2.3 Resetting an NCL1170 to Factory DefaultsUse this procedure if the NCL1170 has already been configured for use elsewhere in yournetwork and you need to restore its factory settings.To reset the factory defaults of the NCL11701. Connect the NCL1170 to a terminal or terminal-emulation software and at theNCL1170> prompt, type <write erase> to reset the unit to its factory-defaultsettings.2. Type <reboot> for the unit to recognize the factory-default settings.
APCD–NC006–A 174Configuring the NCL1170This section describes the steps required to configure the NCL1170 as either a bridge orrouter, including the options available for routing and system monitoring. You can configure theNCL1170 two ways:• Console Port command line interface (CLI)•WaveRider Configuration Utility (GUI)If you choose to configure the NCL1170 via console port CLI, before proceeding, familiarizeyourself with the command definitions and keyboard syntax (See NCL1170 Command-LineSyntax on page 57.), plus command and help keyboard shortcuts (See Table 7 on page 58.).NOTE: The following section describes the procedures for configuringtheNCL1170viaCLI.TodownloadtheWaveRider ConfigurationUtility from our web site, contact Product Assistance to requesta password, then visit: <http://www.waverider.com/techsupport/>to download the software.The procedures for configuring the NCL1170 via command-line interface are divided into twocategories:• Radio configuration—see Setting the Radio Configuration on page 18• IP configuration—see Setting the IP Configuration on page 19You can also configure the NCL1170 for the following options:• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)—see Setting RIP Configuration on page 20• Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) Relay—see Setting the DHCP RelayConfiguration on page 22• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)—see Setting the SNMP Configurationon page 22• Domain Name Service (DNS) Resolver—see Setting the DNS Resolver Configurationon page 23
4 Configuring the NCL117018 APCD–NC006–A4.1 Setting the Radio ConfigurationBefore setting the radio configuration parameters, ensure that the NCL1170 has beenconnected to a terminal and initialized as described in Connecting the NCL1170,onpage12,and that the password has been set as described in Changing the NCL1170 Password,onpage 15.WARNING!Antennas and associated transmission cable must be installedby qualified personnel. Failure to terminate the antenna portcorrectly can permanently damage the NCL1170. WaveRiderassumes no liability for failure to adhere to this recommendationor to recognized general safety precautions.1. Determine the radio channel for the network. See Appendix C for a list of operatingfrequencies.2. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <radio channel channel>to set the radiochannel for the NCL1170, where channel is the number of the network radio channelon which the unit will operate.3. Determine the unit IDs for the Master and Stations for this NCL1170 network group.The unit ID is a unique number, from 1 to 16383, that is used to identify the NCL1170within the network group.4. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <radio unitid unit_id>to set the NCL1170 unitID.5. To set the NCL1170 as a Master, type <radio type master>. To set the NCL1170as a Station, type <radio type station>.If the NCL1170 is a Master, add the unit IDs for the Stations that are configured for thisnetwork group. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <radio station addstation_unitid>where station_unitid is the unit ID for a Station.NOTE: To remove a Station from the Remote Station List, type <radiostation del station_unitid>where station_unitidis the unit ID for the Station you want removed.6. Repeat step for each Station that you want to add to the Remote Station List for theMaster NCL1170. A maximum of 20 Stations can be added to one Master.7. If the NCL1170 is a Station, add the Master unit ID for the network group. At theNCL1170> prompt, type <radio masterID master_unitid>wheremaster_unitid is the unit ID for Master NCL1170 in the network group.TIP: To display a list of Stations associated with aspecific NCL1170 Master, type <radio station> at theNCL1170> prompt.
4 Configuring the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 198. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <write> to save the settings to memory.4.2 Setting the IP ConfigurationCheck that the NCL1170 is has been connected to a terminal and initialized as described inConnecting the NCL1170, on page 12 and you have changed the password as described inChanging the NCL1170 Password,onpage15.Before configuring IP options, complete the radio configuration as described in Setting theRadio Configuration,onpage18.1. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <ip address ethernet aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd nn>to set the IP address for the Ethernet interface. aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP addressof the NCL1170 and nn is the number of bits in the subnet mask (for example, 24represents a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0).2. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <mode bridging> or <mode routing> to set theforwarding mode.If you are setting the NCL1170 to operate in bridging mode, go directly to Step 3.If setting the NCL1170 to routing mode, type <ip address radioremote_unit_id aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd eee.fff.ggg.hhh>to set the IP addressfor the radio interface to the remote unit. aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP address for thelocal unit and eee.fff.ggg.hhh is the IP address for the remote unit.NOTE: If you change the radio IP address for a Station at a later time,remember to update the Master with the new Station IP address.If you change the radio IP address for a Master at a later time,remember to update each Station in the Remote Station List withthe new remote IP address for the Master.3. For a Master unit, repeat step 2 for every Station in the group. For a Station unit, youonly need to enter the remote unit IP address for the Master.4. Optionally, you can add up to 256 static routes for the NCL1170. At the NCL1170>prompt, type <ip route add aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd eee.fff.ggg.hhhsubnet_mask>where aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP address for the destinationnetwork, eee.fff.ggg.hhh is the IP address for the gateway, and subnet_maskis specified in the number of bits.5. If the mode is routing and the NCL1170 is a Master, type <ip route addstation_ethernet_subnet station_radio_ip_address subnet_mask>toroute the Master subnet traffic to the Master.6. If the mode is routing and the NCL1170 is a Station, type <ip route add 0.0.0.0master_radio_ip_address 0> to add a default static route to route all unknownsubnets through the Master.7. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <radio enable> to enable the NCL1170 to transmitmessages. Ensure that the NCL1170 antenna port is terminated.
4 Configuring the NCL117020 APCD–NC006–A8. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <write> to save the settings to memory.9. When done configuring the NCL1170, disconnect the terminal from the NCL1170.4.3 Configuration OptionsFor added performance, flexibility, and convenience, the NCL1170 offers users the followingconfiguration options:Routing Mode• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)—see Setting RIP Configuration on page 20• Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) Relay—see Setting the DHCP RelayConfiguration on page 22System Monitoring• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)—see Setting the SNMP Configurationon page 22• Domain Name Service (DNS) Resolver—see Setting the DNS Resolver Configurationon page 23After completing these procedures, it is important to confirm that the configuration is correctbefore deploying the NCL1170 in the field. Refer to Chapter 5, Testing and Deployment,onpage 35.Two example configuration diagrams and sessions are provided in Examples of Bridging andRouting Configurations, on page 24: one for a point-to-multipoint bridging network, and thesecond for a point-to-multipoint routing network.4.3.1 Setting RIP ConfigurationWhen the NCL1170 is operating in Routing Mode, you can optionally enable the RoutingInformation Protocol (RIP) feature. RIP is a protocol that runs between two routers (forexample, two NCL1170s) or servers to allow exchange information about routes. When RIP isenabled in routing mode, the NCL1170 can be configured to “advertise” default routes andstatic routes, as well as interface routes.In bridging mode, enabling RIP has no effect.
4 Configuring the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 21The NCL1170 supports both RIP versions 1 and 2. You can set RIP version 2 to eitherbroadcast, compatible, or multicast modes.CAUTION: RIP version 1 exchanges the minimal amount of informationnecessary for an NCL1170 to route packets through a network, and does notconsider subnetting, which is required to determine the best route. If the designatedRIP route is a network route, RIP version 1 will interpret the network mask andsubnet mask as the same, which may not always be correct. To avoid possible problems, werecommend NCL1170 users install RIP version 2, which exhanges explicit subnet and ‘next-hop’ information for each route.1. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <ip rip enable> to enable RIP as the routingmode.2. To transmit the route information in packets, type <ip rip active>.IfRIPissettoquiet, it receives and processes RIP packets, but it does not transmit them.3. Type <ip rip version> to display the current version of RIP.4. If RIP is version 1, it is broadcast only. To change RIP routing to support version 2,type <ip rip version 2>.5. If you set RIP to version 2, you can additionally specify how RIP handles packets.6. To enable RIP to advertise the default route, if one exists, in the advertisement, type<ip rip default>.To set RIP to advertise static routes, as well as all other RIP information, type<ip rip update>. To send all route information except static route data, type <iprip noupdate>.To do this.... Type...Disable RIP Routing <ip rip disable>Enable RIP routing. <ip rip enable>Send version 2 advertisements as broadcast. <ip rip broadcast>Send version 2 advertisements to RIP version 2multicast addresses. This is generally more efficientthan broadcast.<ip rip multicast>
4 Configuring the NCL117022 APCD–NC006–A4.3.2 Setting the DHCP Relay ConfigurationWhen the NCL1170 is in routing mode, you can optionally enable Dynamic Host ControlProtocol (DHCP) relay which makes the NCL1170 aware of the protocol for DHCP traffic andforwards the responses to the designated DHCP server.NOTE: When the NCL1170 is operating in bridging mode, DHCP Relay istransparent, and therefore, not an available option.You can specify up to five DHCP servers in the NCL1170 configuration.1. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <dhcp mode relay> to enable DHCP Relay in thedevice.2. To add a DHCP server, type <dhcp relay add ip_address>whereip_address is the IP Address for the DHCP Server available for the NCL1170 toforward and receive DHCP traffic.3. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <save> to transfer the settings to memory.NOTE: To remove a DHCP server, type <dhcp relay deleteip_address>. To disable DHCP Relay, type <dhcp modenone>.4.3.3 Setting the SNMP ConfigurationSimple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) enables a network management station toremotely monitor and control network devices incorporating an SNMP agent.SNMP allows you to look at SNMP variables using READ communities, and to set SNMPvariables using WRITE communities. Communities are optional on the NCL1170, but it cansupport a maximum of five communities. An NCL1170 is factory-configured with twocommunities, a READ community called “public” and a WRITE community called “private.”SNMP also provides a mechanism called trap, which notifies a network management stationthat a significant event has taken place. A significant event can be an interface going down orcoming up, a unit performing a cold or warm start, or an authentication failure. Refer to RFC1157 for details.Associated with SNMP are Management Information Bases (MIBs). These specify a collectionof management information available from the agent. This information can be controlled andmonitored from a network management station.The NCL1170 implements SNMPv2c and includes a number of standard SNMP MIBs:•RFC1157(MIB-Il)• RFC1493 (bridging)• an NCL1170-specific MIBWaveRider MIBs can be downloaded from the technical support page at www.waverider.com.The following procedure describes how to configure standard SNMP communities for read/write access to the NCL1170 SNMP agent and to specify a server IP address to which trapmessages are sent.
4 Configuring the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 231. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <snmp> to display the current SNMP settings for theNCL1170.2. To add a new community, type <snmp community add communityREAD|WRITE> where community is the name of the community and READ|WRITEis the community type. You can have a maximum of five communities.3. If a community is not set up the way you want it, delete it by typing<snmp community del community READ|WRITE> where community is thename of the community and READ|WRITE is the community type.4. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <snmp location location>to change thegeographical location of the NCL1170.5. Type <snmp contact contact>to change the contact name for the NCL1170. Thecontact can be a name and phone number, a URL, or an email address.6. To add a trap server to the NCL1170 configuration, type <snmp trap addaaa.bbb.ccc.ddd community> where aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP address ofthe trap server and community is the name of the community on the trap server.7. To delete a trap server from the NCL1170 configuration, type <snmp trap delaaa.bbb.ccc.ddd community> where aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP address ofthe trap server and community is the name of the community on the trap server.8. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <save> to transfer the settings to memory.4.3.4 Setting the DNS Resolver ConfigurationThe NCL1170 implements Domain Name Server/Service (DNS) resolver software. Onceconfigured, you can use host names instead of IP addresses when you make a Telnetconnection from the NCL1170 console to other IP hosts on the network, or when you issueping or traceroute commands to test connectivity.Adding DNS lists is optional on the NCL1170, but you can configure the NCL1170 to use amaximum of five DNS servers. An NCL1170 is factory-configured with no DNS servers listed.You can also configure the NCL1170 to include a domain name for your local IP network.The following procedure describes how to configure the NCL1170 to implement DNS resolversoftware and configure the NCL1170 domain name. Setting the DNS resolver configuration isoptional.1. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <ip dns> to display the current DNS setup used bythe NCL1170.2. To add a DNS Server, type <ip dns server add aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd>whereaaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP address of the DNS Server.3. To delete a DNS Server, type <ip dns server del aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd>whereaaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP address of the DNS Server.4. To set the domain name for your local IP network, type <ip dns domaindomain_name>where domain_name is the name for your local IP network.5. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <save> to transfer the settings to memory.
4 Configuring the NCL117024 APCD–NC006–A4.4 Examples of Bridging and Routing ConfigurationsThe following diagrams show typical point-to-multipoint bridging and routing networktopologies, plus the corresponding command-line entries required to configure the devices inthe network.In a point-to-multipoint network configuration, each NCL1170 must be configured to operate aseither a bridge or router. You cannot mix operational modes.4.4.1 Point-to-Multipoint Bridging NetworkFigure 10 shows a configuration of a typical point-to-multipoint bridging network.Figure 10 Example of Point-to-Multipoint Bridging NetworkIn Figure 10, unit A has been configured as the Master of the system with remote units B, C,and D configured as Stations. Units B, C, and D unit IDs have been manually added to theMaster (unit A) Remote Station List. The Master unit ID on each Station is set to the unit ID forunit A. If a unit is not in the Master Remote Station List, or does not have the Master unit IDset, it will not be able to join the network.The following example session shows how to configure the Master NCL1170 for the bridgingnetwork shown in Figure 10.EthernetNCL1170CEthernetNCL1170BEthernetNCL1170DEthernet RadioNCL1170AType: StationUnit ID: 103Radio Channel: 1Mode: BridgingIP Address - Ethernet: 10.0.2.103Master ID: 1001Type: StationUnit ID: 102Radio Channel: 1Mode: BridgingIP Address - Ethernet: 10.0.2.102Master ID: 1001Type: StationUnit ID: 101Radio Channel: 1Mode: BridgingIP Address - Ethernet: 10.0.2.101Master ID: 1001Type: MasterUnit ID: 1001Radio Channel: 1Mode: BridgingIP Address - Ethernet: 10.0.2.44Remote Station List: 101102103
4 Configuring the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 25NCL1170>NCL1170> radio channel 1Radio channel changed to: 1NCL1170> radio unitid 1001Unit ID changed to: 1001NCL1170> radio type masterRadio type changed to: MasterNCL1170> radio station add 101Station added.NCL1170> radio station add 102Station added.NCL1170> radio station add 103Station added.NCL1170> radioRADIO CONFIGURATION:Radio type : MasterWireless ID : 1001Speed : 11MbsChannel : 1Regulatory Domain : FCC/ICFrequency : 2.412 GHzInterframe spacing: 32 (281.6 micro seconds)Hardware address : 00:90:27:CA:62:A3Network Card IRQ : 5NIC Base Address : 0x0d0000Remote Stations : 101: 102: 103NCL1170> ip address ethernet 10.0.2.44 16IP addresses:Ethernet: 10.0.2.44/16NCL1170> mode bridgingForwarding mode: BridgingNCL1170> ipForwarding Mode: BRIDGINGAddresses:Ethernet: 10.0.2.44/16Routing: IP Routing (Static Only)Routing Table:Destination Mask Gateway Flags Protocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------10.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.44 UC Local eeE010.0.2.44 0 10.0.2.44 UHL ICMP lo0127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------DNS Domain Name:DNS Servers:No DNS servers defined.NCL1170> writeSets the radio channelSets the NCL1170 unit IDSets the NCL1170 type to MasAdds a station to the MasterRemote Station ListDisplays the radioconfiguration informationChanges the localEthernet IP addressSets the mode to bridgingDisplays the IP configurationinformationSaves the configuration
4 Configuring the NCL117026 APCD–NC006–AThe following example session shows how to configure Station B in Figure 10 to join thenetwork. To configure the remaining Stations, use the same procedure, replacing the unit IDand IP address for each with the appropriate information for that Station.NCL1170>NCL1170> radio channel 1Radio channel changed to: 1NCL1170> radio unitid 101Unit ID changed to: 101NCL1170> radio type stationRadio type changed to: StationNCL1170> radio masterid 1001Master Id changed to: 1001NCL1170> ip address ethernet 10.0.2.101 16IP addresses:Ethernet: 10.0.2.101/16NCL1170> mode bridgingForwarding mode: BridgingNCL1170> radioRADIO CONFIGURATION:Radio type : StationWireless ID : 101Speed : 11MbsChannel : 1Regulatory Domain : FCC/ICFrequency : 2.412 GHzInterframe spacing: 32 (281.6 micro seconds)Hardware address : 00:90:27:CA:62:A3Network Card IRQ : 5NIC Base Address : 0x0d0000Master ID : 1001NCL1170> ipForwarding Mode: BRIDGINGAddresses:Ethernet: 10.0.2.101/16Routing: IP Routing (Static Only)Routing Table:Destination Mask Gateway Flags Protocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------10.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.101 UC Local eeE010.0.2.101 0 10.0.2.101 UHL ICMP lo0127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------DNS Domain Name:DNS Servers:No DNS servers defined.NCL1170> writeSets the NCL1170 typeto StationIdentifies the unit ID ofthe Master for this
4 Configuring the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 274.4.2 Point-to-Multipoint Routing NetworkFigure 11 shows a configuration of a typical point-to-multipoint routing network.Figure 11 Example of Point-to-Multipoint Routing NetworkThe following example session shows how to configure the Master NCL1170 for the routingnetwork shown in Figure 11.NCL1170>NCL1170> ip address ethernet 14.0.2.44 16IP addresses:Ethernet: 14.0.2.44/16NCL1170> mode routingForwarding mode: IP RoutingNCL1170> dhcpDHCP DisabledNCL1170> dhcp mode relayDHCP Relay EnabledNCL1170> dhcp relay add 10.0.1.44DHCP Servers/Relay Agents:10.0.1.44NCL1170> radio channel 1NCL1170> radio type masterRadio type changed to: MasterNCL1170> radio unitid 1001Unit ID changed to: 1001NCL1170> radio station add 101EthernetNCL1170CEthernetNCL1170BEthernetNCL1170DEthernet RadioNCL1170AType: StationUnit ID: 103Radio Channel: 1Mode: RoutingIP Address - Ethernet: 13.0.2.103- Radio: 10.0.2.103Master ID: 1001Type: StationUnit ID: 102Radio Channel: 1Mode: RoutingIP Address - Ethernet: 12.0.2.102- Radio: 10.0.2.102Master ID: 1001Type: StationUnit ID: 101Radio Channel: 1Mode: RoutingIP Address - Ethernet: 11.0.2.101- Radio: 10.0.2.101Master ID: 1001Type: MasterUnit ID: 1001Radio Channel: 1Mode: RoutingIP Address - Ethernet: 14.0.2.44- Radio: 10.0.2.44Remote Station List: 101102103Sets the mode to routingDHCP Relay is disabled bydefaultEnable DHCP RelayAdd a DHCP Server to theDHCP Relay table
4 Configuring the NCL117028 APCD–NC006–AStation added.NCL1170> radio station add 102Station added.NCL1170> radio station add 103Station added.NCL1170> ipForwarding Mode: IP ROUTINGAddresses:Ethernet: 14.0.2.44/16Radio: 101, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p ?102, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p ?103, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p ?Routing: IP Routing (Static Only)Routing Table:Destination Mask GatewayFlags Protocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------14.0.2.44 0 14.0.2.44 UHL ICMP lo014.0.0.0 16 14.0.2.44 UC Local eeE0127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------DNS Domain Name:DNS Servers:No DNS servers defined.NCL1170> radioRADIO CONFIGURATION:Radio type : MasterWireless ID : 1001Speed : 11MbsChannel : 1Regulatory Domain : FCC/ICFrequency : 2.412 GHzInterframe spacing: 32 (281.6 micro seconds)Hardware address : 00:90:27:CA:62:A3Network Card IRQ : 5NIC Base Address : 0x0d0000Remote Stations : 101: 102: 103NCL1170> ip address radio 101 10.0.2.44 10.0.2.101IP addresses:Ethernet: 14.0.2.44/16Radio: 101, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.101102, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p ?103, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p ?NCL1170> ip address radio 102 10.0.2.44 10.0.2.102IP addresses:Ethernet: 14.0.2.44/16Radio: 101, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.101102, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.102103, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p ?NCL1170> ip address radio 103 10.0.2.44 10.0.2.103IP addresses:Ethernet: 14.0.2.44/16Radio: 101, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.101102, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.102103, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.103Displays the IPconfigurationThe ? means that the IPaddress for the remote unitin the routing network hasnot been setSets the radio IP addressfor the route to station B(unit ID 101)Sets the radio IP addressfor the route to station C(unit ID 102)Sets the radio IP addressfor the route to station D(unit ID 103)
4 Configuring the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 29NCL1170> ip route add 11.0.0.0 10.0.2.101 16Routing Table:Destination Mask Gateway Flags Protocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------14.0.2.44 0 14.0.2.44 UHL ICMP lo010.0.2.101 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr110.0.2.102 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr210.0.2.103 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr314.0.0.0 16 14.0.2.44 UC Local eeE011.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.101 UC Static mdr1127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------NCL1170> ip route add 12.0.0.0 10.0.2.102 16Routing Table:Destination Mask Gateway Flags Protocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------14.0.2.44 0 14.0.2.44 UHL ICMP lo010.0.2.101 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr110.0.2.102 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr210.0.2.103 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr314.0.0.0 16 14.0.2.44 UC Local eeE011.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.101 UC Static mdr112.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.102 UC Static mdr2127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------NCL1170> ip route add 13.0.0.0 10.0.2.103 16Routing Table:Destination Mask Gateway Flags Protocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------14.0.2.44 0 14.0.2.44 UHL ICMP lo010.0.2.101 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr110.0.2.102 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr210.0.2.103 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr314.0.0.0 16 14.0.2.44 UC Local eeE011.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.101 UC Static mdr112.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.102 UC Static mdr213.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.103 UC Static mdr3127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------NCL1170> ipForwarding Mode: IP ROUTINGAddresses:Ethernet: 14.0.2.44/16Radio: 101, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.101102, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.102103, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p 10.0.2.103Routing: IP Routing (Static Only)Routing Table:Destination Mask Gateway FlagsProtocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------14.0.2.44 0 14.0.2.44 UHL ICMP lo010.0.2.101 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr110.0.2.102 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr210.0.2.103 0 10.0.2.44 UHC Local mdr314.0.0.0 16 14.0.2.44 UC Local eeE011.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.101 UC Static mdr112.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.102 UC Static mdr213.0.0.0 16 10.0.2.103 UC Static mdr3127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------DNS Domain Name:For each Station,route theEthernet subnetto the radio IPaddress of theStationNote the IPaddresses forthe remoteStations are
4 Configuring the NCL117030 APCD–NC006–ADNS Servers:No DNS servers defined.NCL1170> writeThe following example session shows how to configure Station B in Figure 11 to join therouting network. To configure the remaining Stations, use the same procedure, replacing theunit ID for each Station with the appropriate ID for that Station.NCL1170>NCL1170> ip address ethernet 11.0.2.101 16IP addresses:Ethernet: 11.0.2.101/16Radio: 200, 10.0.2.44 p-t-p ?NCL1170> dhcp mode relayDHCP Relay EnabledNCL1170> dhcp relay add 10.0.1.44DHCP Servers/Relay Agents:10.0.1.44NCL1170> radio channel 1NCL1170> mode routingForwarding mode: IP RoutingNCL1170> radio type stationRadio type changed to: StationNCL1170> radio unitid 101Unit ID changed to: 101NCL1170> radio masterid 1001Master Id changed to: 1001NCL1170> ip address radio 1001 10.0.2.10110.0.2.44IP addresses:Ethernet: 11.0.2.101/16Radio: 1001, 10.0.2.101 p-t-p 10.0.2.44NCL1170> ip route add 0.0.0.0 10.0.2.44 16Routing Table:Destination Mask Gateway Flags Protocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------10.0.2.44 0 10.0.2.101 UHC Local mdr111.0.2.101 0 11.0.2.101 UHL ICMP lo011.0.0.0 16 11.0.2.101 UC Local eeE00.0.0.0 0 10.0.2.44 UC Static mdr1127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------NCL1170> radioRADIO CONFIGURATION:Radio type : StationWireless ID : 101Speed : 11MbsChannel : 4Regulatory Domain : FCC/ICFrequency : 2.412 GHzInterframe spacing: 32 (281.6 micro seconds)Enable DHCP RelayAdd a DHCP Server tothe DHCP Relay tableSet the radio channelSet the radio IP addressfor the route to the MasterNCL1170Set the default static route
4 Configuring the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 31Hardware address : 00:90:27:CA:62:A3Network Card IRQ : 5NIC Base Address : 0x0d0000Master ID : 1001NCL1170> ipForwarding Mode: IP ROUTINGAddresses:Ethernet: 11.0.2.101/16Radio: 1001, 10.0.2.101 p-t-p 10.0.2.44Routing: IP Routing (Static Only)Routing Table:Destination Mask Gateway Flags Protocol Interface--------------------------------------------------------------------10.0.2.44 0 10.0.2.101 UHC Local mdr111.0.2.101 0 11.0.2.101 UHL ICMP lo011.0.0.0 16 11.0.2.101 UC Local eeE00.0.0.0 0 10.0.2.44 UC Static mdr1127.0.0.1 0 127.0.0.1 UH Local lo0--------------------------------------------------------------------DNS Domain Name:DNS Servers:No DNS servers defined.
4 Configuring the NCL117032 APCD–NC006–A4.5 Updating an NCL1170 Using Remote ConnectionsYou can connect to the NCL1170 remotely through either of the following methods:• FTP• TelnetTo access an NCL1170 remotely, you will require the following information:• IP address for the NCL1170• Password for the NCL1170 (Refer to the Configuration Data Record)NOTE: If your network has a firewall, you may be able to access theNCL1170 only from within the network. Before attempting toconfigure the NCL1170 using a remote connection, you should befamiliar with the configuration procedures described inConfiguring the NCL1170, on page 17.4.5.1 Establishing an FTP ConnectionUse an FTP session to upload firmware upgrades to the NCL1170. Specific instructions toupgrade firmware will be provided with each new release.NOTE: The following procedure assumes that you are using a basiccommand-line FTP application.1. From a computer or terminal, start an FTP session following the instructions for theFTP application you are using.2. Log into the NCL1170.3. At the User Name prompt, press Enter. For FTP sessions, the User Name for theNCL1170 is blank.4. At the Password prompt, type the NCL1170 password that you defined for the device.Refer to the Configuration Data Record for the NCL1170.5. On the FTP client, change the Transfer Mode to binary. For example, type <binary>.6. On the FTP client, put the file to the client (for example: type<put filename.exe filename.exe>). The file transfer will require approximatelyone minute to complete.7. After the confirmation message is received, quit the FTP session. For example, type<quit>.NOTE: Once finished with the FTP session, you will need to follow upwith a Telnet session to reboot the NCL1170 for the upgrade totake effect.
4 Configuring the NCL1170APCD–NC006–A 334.5.2 Establishing a Telnet SessionUse a Telnet connection to the NCL1170 to modify configuration parameters or to restart theNCL1170 from a remote location.CAUTION: If you connect to the NCL1170 using Telnet and change the RoutingTables, Mode, or Radio or Ethernet IP addresses, your connection to the devicemay be dropped. You will need to reconnect to the NCL1170 using the new IPaddress in order to save your changes to the device. When you use a local serialconnection, this does not occur.You can use a standard Telnet application to connect to the NCL1170.1. Start the Telnet application on your computer.2. Use a remote system connection to connect to the IP address for the NCL1170.3. At the Password prompt, type the NCL1170 password. The application opens aterminal-emulation screen.4. Modify the configuration parameters as necessary.5. When done, type <exit> to close the Telnet session.NOTE: If you restart or reboot while connected to the NCL1170 throughTelnet, it will drop your connection. After restarting, you mustreconnect to the NCL1170 before continuing.
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APCD–NC006–A 355Testing and DeploymentThis section describes the tests that you can perform before and after deployment to optimizethe performance of your NCL1170:Before Deployment• radio connection (pinging)After Deployment• signal strength (antenna alignment)• continuous transmit and receive• transmit and receive loopback5.1 Performing a Ping TestUse the Ping Test to verify that the NCL1170 is configured correctly and able to communicatewith other bridges and routers.NOTE: This test requires two NCL1170 units, one configured as aMaster, and the other, a Station, set up on either side of a room,at least 12 feet apart.1. Ensure that each NCL1170 has an antenna connected to it. Do NOT plug theNCL1170 to the power outlet until you have an antenna connected.
5 Testing and Deployment36 APCD–NC006–AWARNING!Antennas and associated transmission cable must be installedby qualified personnel. Failure to terminate the antenna portcorrectly can permanently damage the NCL1170. WaveRiderassumes no liability for failure to adhere to this recommendationor to recognized general safety precautions.2. Plug the NCL1170 back into the power source and at the terminal console keyboard,log into the NCL1170.3. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <ip ping ip_address>where ip_address is theIP address for the other NCL1170.4. Let the ip ping command run for approximately 10 seconds. Press any key to endthe ip ping command. If the configuration is correct, you should get a responsesimilar to the following:NCL1170>NCL1170> ip ping 10.0.2.52Press any key to stop.PING 10.0.2.52: 56 data bytes64 bytes from 10.0.2.52: icmp_seq=0. time=0. ms64 bytes from 10.0.2.52: icmp_seq=1. time=30. ms64 bytes from 10.0.2.52: icmp_seq=2. time=0. ms64 bytes from 10.0.2.52: icmp_seq=3. time=0. ms64 bytes from 10.0.2.52: icmp_seq=4. time=0. ms64 bytes from 10.0.2.52: icmp_seq=5. time=0. ms64 bytes from 10.0.2.52: icmp_seq=6. time=0. ms----10.0.2.52 PING Statistics----7 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip (ms) min/avg/max = 0/4/30NCL1170>If the connection does not work, you will receive the following message:NCL1170>NCL1170> ip ping 10.0.2.52Press any key to stop.PING 10.0.2.52: 56 data bytesno answer from 10.0.2.52NCL1170>You receive replies only if the link is operational. Refer to Chapter 7, Troubleshooting,onpage53 if the device does not respond.
5 Testing and DeploymentAPCD–NC006–A 375.2 Optimizing Signal Strength5.2.1 Running the Continuous Transmit (Tx) TestThis test should only be used when setting up a Master and the first Station of a new network.The purpose of this test is to send a continuous stream of messages from an NCL1170 Masterto a Station which receives and discards the messages, or to a spectrum analyzer for signalmonitoring. The Radio Packet Error Rate (PER) is displayed at a Station receiving theContinuous Transmit messages and using that information, an installer aligns the antennaaccordingly. Refer to section 6.2, Radio Packet Error Rate (PER),onpage44formoreinformation.You will need one NCL1170 configured as a Master. At the other end of the link, you can havean NCL1170 Station or a spectrum analyzer. The following procedure describes the test for aMaster NCL1170 and one Station NCL1170. If you are using a spectrum analyzer, adjust theantenna for maximum received signal.CAUTION: Do NOT run this test in a working network. Doing so will causenetwork operations to slow down. These tests must be performed individually oneach NCL1170 unit.1. Ensure that the NCL1170s (one Master and one Station) have been configured andtested.2. Deploy the Master and Station connecting the antennas as required.WARNING!Antennas and associated transmission cable must be installedby qualified personnel. Failure to terminate the antenna portcorrectly can permanently damage the NCL1170. WaveRiderassumes no liability for failure to adhere to this recommendationor to recognized general safety precautions.3. Connect a terminal at each NCL1170 using a serial cable and log into each device.4. At the Master NCL1170 console terminal, type <radio txTest start> to begin theContinuous Transmit Test. “Radio Tx Test On” is displayed above the NCL1170>prompt when the test is running.5. At the Station NCL1170 console terminal, type <radio per continuous> to begindisplaying the Radio PER. Refer to section 6.2, Radio Packet Error Rate (PER),onpage 44 for more information.6. Using the information from Radio PER, align the antenna at the NCL1170 Station sothat the number of packets missed is at a minimum rate.
5 Testing and DeploymentAPCD–NC006–A 387. When done with the antenna alignment, stop the test at the Master NCL1170. Type<radio txTest stop>.8. At the Station NCL1170, press any key to end the Radio PER output.NOTE: By default, a Master NCL1170 keeps track of the Radio PER ofeach Station. A Station does not track the Radio PER of anothervisible Station unless it is running the Continuous Receive test.Refer to section 5.2.2, Running the Continuous Receive (Rx)Test, on page 38. A Station does track the Radio PER of bothdirect and broadcast communication with the Master.The information received from Radio PER during the Continuous Transmit test will be similarto the following output. The following output is from a Station (unit ID 2) communicating withthe Master (unit ID 1) that is running the Continuous Transmit test.station> radio per continuousUnit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 2 0 0broadcast 5 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 2 0 0broadcast 820 56 6Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 2 0 0broadcast 1679 91 5Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 2 0 0broadcast 2545 126 4Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 2 0 0broadcast 3411 149 4station>5.2.2 Running the Continuous Receive (Rx) TestThe purpose of this test is to help you deploy an additional Station in an existing networkwithout interrupting traffic to the currently active Stations in the network. The test is run fromthe new Station to “sniff” packets destined to every other Station (originated by the Master) inthe system. The test is run simultaneously with Radio PER which displays the number ofpackets received and missed for each Station that is sniffed. This test can also be used atexisting Stations to analyze throughput in a running system.
5 Testing and DeploymentAPCD–NC006–A 391. Ensure that the new Station NCL1170 has been configured and tested.2. Deploy the Station and connect the antenna.WARNING!Antennas and associated transmission cable must be installedby qualified personnel. Failure to terminate the antenna portcorrectly can permanently damage the NCL1170. WaveRiderassumes no liability for failure to adhere to this recommendationor to recognized general safety precautions.3. Connect a terminal at the Station NCL1170 using a serial cable and log into thedevice.4. At the Station NCL1170, type <radio rxTest start> to begin “sniffing” thetransmissions and automatically start the Radio PER display. “Continuous Rx teststarted” is displayed when the test is started.NOTE: If you stop the Radio PER display (press any key), you canrestart the display by typing <radio per continuous>.Referto section 6.2, Radio Packet Error Rate (PER),onpage44formore information.5. Using the information from Radio PER, align the antenna at the NCL1170 Station sothat the number of packets missed is at a minimum rate.6. When done with the antenna alignment, press any key to stop the Radio PER display,then type <radio rxTest stop> to stop the test.The information received from Radio PER during the Continuous Receive test will be similar tothe following output. The following output is from a Station (unit ID 2) communicating with theMaster (unit ID 1) that is also transmitting to another Station (unit ID 3).station> radio rxtest startContinuous Rx test startedUnit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 509 0 03UP 1 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 510 0 03UP 1 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 512 0 03UP 1 0 0
5 Testing and DeploymentAPCD–NC006–A 40Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 515 0 03UP 1 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 518 0 03UP 1 0 0[Radio Rx Test On]station> radio rxtest stopstation>
5 Testing and DeploymentAPCD–NC006–A 415.2.3 Performing the Transmit/Receive Loopback TestThis test should only be used when setting up a new network. The purpose of this test is toensure that the Master NCL1170 can “see” the Station. It also determines the quality of thelinks between Master and Station. The test originates at the Master NCL1170, repeatedlysending test packets to the Stations. A Station recognizes these as test packets from theMaster and echoes them back to the Master. When the Master receives the replies from theStation, it updates its Radio PER for that Station. One Master NCL1170 can have up to tenStations simultaneously echoing test packets back to it.You will need one NCL1170 configured as a Master and at least one NCL1170 Station.CAUTION: Do NOT run this test in a working network. Doing so will cause everydevice in the network to slow down.1. Ensure that the Master NCL1170 and Station NCL1170s have been configured andtested.2. Deploy the Master and at least one Station connecting the antennas for each deviceas required.WARNING!Antennas and associated transmission cable must be installedby qualified personnel. Failure to terminate the antenna portcorrectly can permanently damage the NCL1170. WaveRiderassumes no liability for failure to adhere to this recommendationor to recognized general safety precautions.3. Connect a terminal to the Master NCL1170 using a serial cable and log into thedevice.4. At the Master NCL1170 console terminal, type <radio txrx start> to begin theTransmit/Receive Loopback test and automatically start the Radio PER display. “Tx/Rx test started” is displayed when the test is started. Refer to section 6.2, RadioPacket Error Rate (PER), on page 44 for more information.5. Using the information from Radio PER, determine the quality of the link between theMaster and Stations.6. When done, press any key to stop Radio PER, then stop the Transmit/ReceiveLoopback Test by typing <radio txrx stop>.
5 Testing and DeploymentAPCD–NC006–A 42The information received from Radio PER during the Transmit/Receive Loopback test will besimilar to the following output. The following output is from a Master (unit ID 1) communicatingwith two Stations (unit IDs 2 and 3).master> radio txrx startTx/Rx test startedUnit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2UP 9 0 03UP 5 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2 UP 827 53 63 UP 820 56 6Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2 UP 1689 85 43 UP 1679 91 5Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2 UP 2566 109 43 UP 2545 126 4Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2 UP 3423 141 33 UP 3411 149 4[Radio TxRx Test On]master> radio txrx stopmaster>
APCD–NC006–A 436System Reporting andDiagnosticsAfter an NCL1170 has been configured, tested, and deployed, you can generate on demandreports about its performance in key system areas:• Receive Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)• Radio Packet Error Rate (PER)• Interface Statistics6.1 Radio Receive Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)Radio RSSI calculates the average and peak receive signal strength values based on factoryset threshold (floor) value. This value can be reconfigured by the user.To display the current Radio RSSI for an NCL1170 during normal operation,type <radio rssi>. Press any key to stop.At a Master or Station NCL1170, you will receive output similar to the following example:RSSI THRESHOLD=0RSSI;PEAKradio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;26radio rssi=24;25radio rssi=24;25Press any key to stop.
6 System Reporting and Diagnostics44 APCD–NC006–A6.2 Radio Packet Error Rate (PER)Radio PER can be displayed at any time, including during tests. See Chapter 5.2, OptimizingSignal Strength, on page 37 for other tests that use Radio PER statistics.To display the current Radio PER for an NCL1170 during normal operation,type <radio per> or <radio per single>.Table 1 defines how to interpret the Radio PER output.At a Master NCL1170, you will receive output similar to the following. The following examplewas taken at a Master NCL1170 communicating with two Stations (unit IDs 2 and 3).master> radio per singleUnit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2UP 2 0 03UP 2 0 0master>
6 System Reporting and DiagnosticsAPCD–NC006–A 45At a Station NCL1170, you will receive output similar to the following. The following examplewas taken at a Station (unit ID 2) communicating with a Master (unit ID 1).station> radio per singleUnit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 72 0 0station>To display the radio PER once every second during normal operation,type <radio per continuous>.To clear the Radio PER statistics, type <radio per reset>.To stop the Radio PER display, press any key.At a Master NCL1170, you will receive output similar to the following. The following examplewas taken at a Master (unit ID 1) communicating with two Stations (unit IDs 2 and 3).master> radio per continuousUnit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2UP 2 0 03UP 2 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2UP102003UP 42 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2UP112103UP 4 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2UP140203UP 85 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------2UP171203UP10100master>
6 System Reporting and Diagnostics46 APCD–NC006–AAt a Station NCL1170, you will receive output similar to the following. The following examplewas taken at a Station (unit ID 2) communicating with a Master (unit ID 1).station> radio per continuousUnit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 236 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 237 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 239 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 240 0 0Unit Id Link Status Total # Received Total # Missed PER (%)--------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -------1UP 1 0 0broadcast 241 0 0station>Table 1 Radio Packet Error Rate AssessmentTIP: Use Radio PER during testing and deploymenttesting to monitor transmission quality. Refer to Chapter5.2, Optimizing Signal Strength,onpage37forothertests that benefit from Radio PER statistics.Radio PER Ratio Transmission Qualityless than 1% excellent1% to 4% good5% to 7% marginalgreater than 7% poor
6 System Reporting and DiagnosticsAPCD–NC006–A 476.3 Interface StatisticsThe interface statistics command displays the configuration information and statisticsfor the three interfaces associated with the NCL1170: radio, Ethernet and loopback.The loopback interface is an interface on a logical network that returns all output packets asinput packets. The address for this logical network is 127.0.0.0 and the address for theloopback interface is usually 127.0.0.1. This means that any packets sent to the IP address127.0.0.1 will be turned around and queued as input packets to the same interface. The valuesof the input and output statistics for the loopback interface should both be the same.To see the interface information for a NCL1170, type <interface statistics> at theNCL1170> prompt.Table 2 provides definitions for the statistics labels.For a Master NCL1170, information similar to the following example is displayed:NCL1170> interface statisticsStatistics For Loopback-------------------Flags UP LOOPBACK NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICASTMTU 32768Hardware AddressAdministrative Status UP(1)Operational Status UP(1)Input Octets 3808Input Unicast Packets 64Input Non-Unicast Packets 0Input Discards 0Input Errors 0Input Unknown Protocols 0Output Octets 3808Output Unicast Packets 64Output Non-Unicast Packets 0Output Discards 0Output Errors 0more...Statistics For Ethernet-------------------Flags UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICASTMTU 1500Hardware Address 00:90:27:b1:aa:adAdministrative Status UP(1)Operational Status UP(1)Input Octets 31614896Input Unicast Packets 20923Input Non-Unicast Packets 0Input Discards 9022Input Errors 0Input Unknown Protocols 0Output Octets 3371158Output Unicast Packets 2255Output Non-Unicast Packets 0Output Discards 2215Output Errors 0more...Statistics For Master Radio---------------------------Flags UP POINT-TO-POINT NOTRAILERS RUNNING NOARP MULTIC
6 System Reporting and Diagnostics48 APCD–NC006–AASTMTU 1552Hardware Address 00:90:27:b1:aa:adAdministrative Status UP(1)Operational Status UP(1)Input Statistics---------------------------Remote Non-Station Input Unicast Unicast UnknownID Octets Packets Packets Discards Errors Protocols------- ------ ------- ------- -------- ------ ---------101 967998 0 645 0 0 0102 1218723 0 808 0 0 0103 1251987 0 830 0 0 0more...Output Statistics---------------------------Remote Non-Station Output Unicast UnicastID Octets Packets Packets Discards Errors------- ------ ------- ------- -------- ------101 10419675 6943 1 45 0102 10446473 6958 0 33 0103 10402915 6929 0 43 0For a Station NCL1170, information similar to the following example is displayed:NCL1170> interface statisticsStatistics For Loopback-------------------Flags UP LOOPBACK NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICASTMTU 32768Hardware AddressAdministrative Status UP(1)Operational Status UP(1)Input Octets 2975Input Unicast Packets 50Input Non-Unicast Packets 0Input Discards 0Input Errors 0Input Unknown Protocols 0Output Octets 2975Output Unicast Packets 50Output Non-Unicast Packets 0Output Discards 0Output Errors 0more...Statistics For Ethernet-------------------Flags UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICASTMTU 1500Hardware Address 00:90:27:b1:ad:01Administrative Status UP(1)Operational Status UP(1)Input Octets 7479220Input Unicast Packets 4941Input Non-Unicast Packets 0Input Discards 0Input Errors 0Input Unknown Protocols 0
6 System Reporting and DiagnosticsAPCD–NC006–A 49Output Octets 25364516Output Unicast Packets 16759Output Non-Unicast Packets 0Output Discards 76Output Errors 0more...Statistics For Radio-------------------Flags UP POINT-TO-POINT NOTRAILERS RUNNING NOARP MULTICASTMTU 1552Hardware Address 00:90:27:b1:ad:01Administrative Status UP(1)Operational Status UP(1)Input Octets 25331759Input Unicast Packets 16769Input Non-Unicast Packets 5Input Discards 0Input Errors 0Input Unknown Protocols 0Output Octets 7441747Output Unicast Packets 4970Output Non-Unicast Packets 0Output Discards 0Output Errors 0Table2 InterfaceStatisticsLabel DescriptionFlags Specifies the operational state and properties of the interface.Possible flags are:• BROADCAST: interface is for a broadcast network• MULTICAST: interface supports multicasting• POINT-TO-POINT: interface is for a point-to-point network• LOOPBACK: interface is for a loopback network• RUNNING: resources are allocated for this interface• SIMPLEX: interface cannot receive its own transmissions• ALLMULTI: interface is receiving all multicast packets• DEBUG: debugging is enabled for the interface• NOARP: do not use ARP on this interface• NOTRAILERS: avoid using trailer encapsulation• PROMISCUOUS: interface receives all network packets• TX: a transmission is in progress• UP: interface is operatingMTU Maximum transmission unit or the size of the largest packet theinterface can handle.Hardware Address MAC address or Ethernet address of the interface.Administrative Status Desired state of the interface. The NCL1170 supports UP andDOWN states.Operational Status Current operational state of the interface.
6 System Reporting and Diagnostics50 APCD–NC006–A6.3.1 IP StatisticsTo see the IP protocol layer statistics for a NCL1170, at the NCL1170> prompt, type<ip statistics>.Table 3 provides definitions for the statistics labels.Information similar to the following example is displayed. The statistics for this command arefrom the time of the last reboot of the NCL1170.NCL1170> ip statisticsIP STATISTICS-------------Total packets received 50Bad checksum discards 0Packet too short discards 0Not enough data discards 0Bad header length discards 0Bad data length discards 0Fragments received 0Fragments dropped 0Fragments timed out 0Packets forwarded 0Couldn't forward discards 0Redirected forwards 0Unknown protocol discards 25Input Octets Number of bytes that arrived on this interface since the lastinterface reset or reboot.Input Unicast Packets Number of unicast packets that arrived on this interface since thelast interface reset or reboot.Input Non-UnicastPackets Number of non-unicast packets that arrived on this interface sincethe last interface reset or reboot.Input Discards Number of packets that arrived on this interface and werediscarded since the last interface reset or reboot.Input Errors Number of packets that arrived on this interface with errors sincethe last interface reset or reboot.Output Octets Number of bytes that were sent from this interface since the lastinterface reset or reboot.Output UnicastPackets Number of unicast packets that were sent from this interface sincethe last interface reset or reboot.Output Non-UnicastPackets Number of non-unicast packets that were sent from this interfacesince the last interface reset or reboot.Output Discards Number of outbound packets that were dropped because ofimplementation limits since the last interface reset orreboot.Output Errors Number of outbound packets dropped because of errors since thelast interface reset or reboot.Label Description
6 System Reporting and DiagnosticsAPCD–NC006–A 51No space discards 0Packets reassembled 0Fragments sent 0No route discards 0Table 3 IP StatisticsLabel DescriptionsTotal packets received Number of packets sent to the IP layer.Bad checksum discards Number of packets discarded due to a bad checksum.Packet too short discards Number of packets dropped due to an invalid datalength.Not enough data discards Number of packets dropped because they did notcontainenoughdatatobeanIPpacket.Bad header length discards Number of packets discarded because of inconsistentIP header and IP data lengths.Fragment received Number of packet fragments received.Fragments dropped Number of fragments dropped due to lack of space orduplicates.Fragments timed out Number of fragments that were timed-out.Packets forwarded Number of packets forwarded at the IP layer.Couldn’t forward discards Number of packets received for unreachabledestinations.Redirected forwards Number of redirect messages that were sent.Unknown protocol discards Number of packets of unknown or unsupported protocolreceived and discarded.No space discards Number of packets dropped because of resourceshortages.Packets reassembled Number of packets that needed to be reassembled.Fragments sent Number of fragments successfully sent.No route discards Number of packets discarded because there was noroute to the destination given.
6 System Reporting and Diagnostics52 APCD–NC006–A6.3.2 Radio StatisticsTo see radio statistics for the NCL1170, at the NCL1170> prompt, type<radio statistics>. The statistics displayed are since the last reboot of the NCL1170.Table 4 provides definitions for the statistics labels.Information similar to the following example is displayed:NCL1170> radio statisticsRADIO STATISTICS:-------------------------------------------------------------------------Transmitted : 1455Tx Underflows : 0Tx Overflows : 0TX_RDY Error : 0Rx Packets : 120106Rx Underflows : 0Rx Overflows : 0MD_RDY Error : 0Rx Data CRC Error : 1ALF Header Chksum Error : 0Rx MAC Header CRC Error : 0Rx Invalid Data Length : 0Broadcast Discards : 0Rx Length Mismatch : 0Tx Length Mismatch : 0Missed Complete : 0Missed Header : 0Table 4 Radio StatisticsLabel DescriptionTransmitted Number of packets sent.Tx Blocks delayed Number of transmitted blocks delayed.Rx Packets Number of packets received.Rx Data CRC Error Number of received data CRC errors that occurred.ALF Header Chksum Error Number of packets received with an invalid Air LinkFrame (ALF) header.Rx MAC Header CRC Error Number of times packets were discarded becauseheaders were invalid.Rx MAC Header CRC Fixed Number of times the MAC header CRC was fixed.RX Invalid Data Length Number of packets received with an invalid length (thatis, greater than the maximum size).NIC Failure Number of network interface card failures.Broadcast Discards Number of broadcast packets that the NCL1170received and discarded.Transmit Timeouts Number of transmit timeouts due to the radio channelbeing too busy or due to interference.
APCD–NC006–A 537TroubleshootingUse this section to identify and correct common problems associated with NCL1170 operation.To verify that the connection has been re-established, test the connection using a ping testdescribed in Performing a Ping Test,onpage35.To verify the routing, follow the procedures in Verifying NCL1170 Routing, on page 55.Table 5 Common Problems and SolutionsSymptom Possible Cause SolutionPower LED on back panelof NCL1170 is offNCL1170 is not receiving power. • Ensure that the device is plugged into a 110 -230 V AC outlet and that there is power at theoutlet.• Check all cables for loose or faultyconnections. Replace cables if necessary.Cannot communicate withNCL1170 from the Ethernetside and the Ethernet light isoffNCL1170 is not receiving power. • Ensure that the device is plugged into a 110 -230 V AC outlet and that there is power at theoutlet.• Check all cables for loose or faultyconnections. Replace cables if necessary.Ethernet cable is faulty or the wrong type(crossover vs. straight-through). • Replace Ethernet cable.Cannot communicate withNCL1170 from the Ethernetside and the Ethernet light isonNCL1170 configuration is incorrect. Connect a computer to the RS-232 port and loginto the NCL1170.• Verify Ethernet IP address.• Verify bridging or routing.• Verify Routing Table, if applicable. SeeVerifying NCL1170 Routing, on page 55.
7 Troubleshooting54 APCD–NC006–AMaster cannot communicatewith any StationsMaster NCL1170 is disabled. Connect a computer to the RS-232 port and loginto the NCL1170.• Ensure that the radio transmission is enabled.• Check RSSI.Master NCL1170 configuration is incorrect. Connect a computer to the RS-232 port and loginto the NCL1170.• Verify radio channel.• Verify Master unit ID.• Verify Station IDs have been added toRemote Station List.• Verify that the Master has all Stationsenabled.• Verify routing or bridging.• Verify Routing Table, if applicable. SeeVerifying NCL1170 Routing, on page 55.Master NCL1170 antenna system has aproblem.• Check RSSI.• Verify RF connections.• Check RF cable for damage.• Check antenna for damage.Master cannot communicatewith an individual StationStation is not receiving power. • Ensure that the device is plugged into a 110 -230 VAC outlet and that there is power at theoutlet.• Check all cables for loose or faultyconnections. Replace cables if necessary.Station NCL1170 antenna system has aproblem.• Check RSSI.• Verify RF connections.• Check RF cable for damage.• Check antenna for damage.• Check for any deviation from set direction.Antenna line-of-sight (LOS) to master hasbeen obstructed.• Check RSSI.• Ensure that a clear LOS still exists to theMaster NCL1170 antenna.Station configuration is incorrect. Connect a computer to the RS-232 port and loginto the NCL1170.• Verify radio channel.• Verify Station unit ID.• Verify Master unit ID.• Verify routing or bridging.• Verify Routing Table, if applicable. SeeVerifying NCL1170 Routing, on page 55.Station is disabled. Connect a computer to the RS-232 port and loginto the Master NCL1170 for the group.• Verify that the Station has been enabled fromthe Master.• Check RSSI.Station has not been added to the MasterNCL1170 Remote Station List.Connect a computer to the RS-232 port and loginto the Master NCL1170 for the group.• Verify the Station has been added to theRemote Station List.• Verify the Routing Table, if applicable. SeeVerifying NCL1170 Routing, on page 55.Symptom Possible Cause Solution
7 TroubleshootingAPCD–NC006–A 557.1 Verifying NCL1170 RoutingTo verify the routing is correct, you will need to verify both the Master and Station RoutingTables. If the Routing Tables are incorrect, configure the devices with the corrected values.7.1.1 Verify the NCL1170 Routing TableUse the Configuration Data Record for the NCL1170 to verify the information is configuredcorrectly in the device.1. Connect to the NCL1170 using a crossover serial cable.2. Log in to the NCL1170. You will be prompted for the NCL1170 password when you login.3. Type <mode> to verify bridging or routing is set correctly for the NCL1170 group.4. At the NCL1170> prompt, type <ip>. The configuration information is displayed.5. Verify the NCL1170 Ethernet IP address and subnet mask are configured correctly.6. Verify the radio IP address is correct, if applicable.7. Verify the Routing Table is correct according to your routing plan.8. If the forwarding mode is routing, at a Station NCL1170, ensure that the default staticroute is set. At a Master NCL1170, ensure the Ethernet subnet for each Station is set.
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APCD–NC006–A 57Appendix A NCL1170 Command-LineSyntaxThe NCL1170 can be configured using the commands listed in Table 8.Table 6 shows the typographical conventions used to represent command-line syntax. PressENTER after typing a command to execute the command.Table 7 provides a list of shortcuts and methods to get help on commands.Table 6 NCL1170 Command-Line Syntax ConventionsConvention Use Examples<monospacedfont>Indicates that you must type the text inside theangle brackets, not the angle brackets.<ip route>ENTER Indicates a keyboard key press. A plus sign (+)indicates key combinations. For example, forCTRL+U, press and hold down the CTRL key,then press the U key.ENTERESCCTRL+Uitalic Specifies a variable name or other informationthat you must replace with a real name orvalue.ip address ethernetipaddressbold characters Indicates the shortcut characters for acommand.<radio channel> can alsobe typed as <ra ch>[] Indicates optional items. Do not type thebrackets as part of the command.ip address[ethernet|radio]|Separates two mutually exclusive choices in acommand. Type one choice and do not typethe vertical bar.interface|if() Encloses a range of values from which you canchoose a value.radio channel (1-15)
58 APCD–NC006–ATable 7 Command-Line Shortcuts and Getting HelpSubnet MasksWhere a command requires you to enter a subnet mask, you can do one of the following:• Enter it as a range, which is the number of bits (0-32 are valid) in the subnet mask.• Do not enter it, and let the NCL1170 decide what value to use. Note that the NCL1170does not necessarily pick the correct subnet mask.Table 8 NCL1170 Command-line Syntax DescriptionsType To do this...?display the names of the root commands.[command_name]? display the syntax for a command.help display all the commands, their subcommands and theparameters and options for each command.help [command_name]display the parameters and options for the command.!! repeat the last command that was executed.ESC cancel the command you are typing.Command Syntax Descriptionarp Displays the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)configuration information.arp flush Removes the temporary ARP table entries from theARP table.arp add aaa.bbb.ccc.dddaa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ffAdds an entry to the ARP table. aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd isthe IP address of the entry that you want to add.aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff is the MAC address associatedwith the IP address.arp del aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd Deletes a specified entry from the ARP table.aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP address of the entry thatyou want to delete.bridge statistics Displays the bridge statistics (frames in, frames out,etc.). Only available in bridging mode.bridge table Displays the bridge table entries. Only available inbridging mode.bridge table flush Removes the learned entries from the bridge table. Onlyavailable in bridging mode.
APCD–NC006–A 59bridge table timeout Sets the time-out value for entries in the bridge table. Ifthe NCL1170 receives no packet from the specifiedentry's address during the time-out period you set (forexample, 15 s), then it clears the address from the table.Valid times are 10 to 1 000 000 s; the default is 300 s.Only available in bridging mode.dhcp mode [none|relay] Sets the NCL1170 to use Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol (DHCP).• none - disables DHCP Relay.• relay - enables DHCP Relay.Available only if the mode is set to routing.dhcp relay [add|deleteip_address]Adds or removes the IP address of a Dynamic HostConfiguration Protocol (DHCP) server. Available only ifthe mode is set to routing and DHCP mode is set toRelay.interface|if statistics Displays configuration information and statistics for allinterfaces.interface|if statisticsethernet|radio|loopbackDisplays configuration information and statistics foreach interface: Ethernet, radio, or loopback.interface|if reset Resets the statistics for all interfaces.interface|if resetethernet|radio|loopbackResets the statistics for the specified interface.ip Displays the IP configuration information.ip address Displays the IP addresses for the Ethernet and radiointerface. In bridging mode, the IP address is formanagement purposes only. An IP address is notrequired to perform bridge functions. When in Bridgingmode, if you assign an IP address to the NCL1170, youonly need to assign it to the Ethernet interface, becausethe radio and Ethernet are considered as one interface.In routing mode, you must configure both addresses.ip address ethernetaaa.bbb.ccc.ddd [subnet mask]Changes the IP address for the Ethernet interface forrouting or bridging. aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP addressfor the Ethernet interface and [subnet mask] isspecified in either dotted decimal format or number ofbits.Command Syntax Description
60 APCD–NC006–Aip address radio remote_unit_idaaa.bbb.ccc.ddd eee.fff.ggg.hhhChanges the radio interface IP route and binds the radiochannel between the remote NCL1170 and the localNCL1170 using the IP addresses. This command is onlyavailable in routing mode.For an NCL1170 configured as a Station,remote_unit_id istheunitIDoftheremotemaster;aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the radio IP address for the localstation NCL1170; and eee.fff.ggg.hhh is the radioIP address for the remote master NCL1170.For an NCL1170 configured as a Master, remote_unit_idis the unit ID of the remote station NCL1170;aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the radio IP address for the localmaster NCL1170; and eee.fff.ggg.hhh is the radioIP address for the remote station NCL1170. Repeat thiscommand for each station in the Remote Station List.ip dns Displays the DNS configuration information.ip dns server Displaysthelistofdomainnameservers.ip dns server add|delaaa.bbb.ccc.dddAdds or deletes a server from the DNS table.aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd is the IP address for the DNSserver that you want to add or delete.ip dns domain Displays the DNS domain name.ip dns domain DNS_domain_name Changes the DNS domain name. DNS_domain_namecan be a maximum of 256 ASCII characters.ip ping destination Sends ICMP echo requests to a remote host that isused to see if you can reach a remote IP address or fornetwork debugging. destination is the radio IPaddress for the remote host that you want to reach.ip ripDisplays the Routing Information Protocol (RIP)configuration. Available only if routing mode is set toRIP.ip ripbroadcast|multicast Specifies how the RIP handles packets.Available only ifthe routing mode is set to RIP, and the RIP version is 2.•broadcast sends RIP version 2 advertisementsas broadcast.•multicast sends version 2 advertisements toRIP version 2 multicast addresses. Multicast isgenerally more efficient than broadcast.ip ripdisable|enable Disables or enables the RIPip rip expire Displays the length of time an NCL1170 waits beforedeleting a RIP route.ip rip expire (XX) Assigns a duration (in seconds) that an NCL1170 waitswithout receiving any RIP updates before it will considerthat route invalid, and delete it.Command Syntax Description
APCD–NC006–A 61ip rip interval Displays the length of time (in seconds) that anNCL1170 waits before transmitting updated RIPinformation.ip rip interval (XX) Assigns a duration (in seconds) that an NCL1170 waitsbefore transmitting updated RIP information.ip ripnodefault|default Disables or enables RIP to advertise the default route.Available only if routing mode is set to RIP.default - if a default route exists, it is sent in theadvertisement.nodefault - the default route is not sent, whether ornot it exists.ip ripnoupdate|update Disables or enables RIP advertisement of static routes.update - sends static route information in a RIPadvertisement, as well as all other RIP information.noupdate - sends everything except the static routeinformation. Available only if routing mode is set to RIP.ip ripquiet|active Disables or enables RIP advertisement of static routes.Available only if routing mode is set to RIP.active - transmits route information, in packets, to theinterfaces.quiet - disables RIP packets from being sent.ip ripversion 1|2 ip rip version displays the current version.Switches 1 or 2, display/change RIP to the respectiveversion. Available only if routing mode is set to RIP.Note that version 1 is broadcast only; version 2 can bemulticast, broadcast, or compatible (both).ip route Displays the routing table information. Local interfaceroutes are always present as long as an address for theinterface exists.ip route add|delNetwork(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd)Gateway(eee.fff.ggg.hhh)Mask(0-32)Adds or deletes a static route.Network(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd) is the IP address ofthe destination network;Gateway(eee.fff.ggg.hhh) is the IP address forthe gateway; and Mask(0-32) is specified in eitherdotted decimal format or number of bits.ip route flush Removes all dynamic entries from the routing table.Dynamic entries are those routes that the system haslearned.ip route erase Removes all static and dynamic entries, exceptinterface routes, from the routing table.ip statistics Displays the IP statistics information.ip telnet host(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd) Establishes a Telnet session with a remote host toaccess and control a remote computer.host(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd) is the IP address of theremote host.Command Syntax Description
62 APCD–NC006–Aip traceroutedestination(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd)Displays the route that the packets take to a remotedestination. destination(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd) isthe IP address of the remote destination. The maximumis 30 hops. An asterisk (*) represents each unsuccessfultry. For example, 1 * * *. Press any key to stop the iptraceroute output.mode Displays the forwarding mode: Bridging or IP Routing.mode bridging|routing Changes the forwarding mode.bridging: connects two networks on the same subnet(they have the same subnet address).routing: connects two networks on different subnets.radio Displays the radio configuration information.radio channel Displays the radio channel.radio channel (1–14) Changes the radio channel.radio disable|enable Disables or enables the NCL1170 radio transmissioncapabilities. The NCL1170 is factory-configured asdisabled to prevent accidental damage should it bepowered up without an antenna or load connected.radio masterID Displays the Master Unit ID to which the NCL1170belongs. Available only if the NCL1170 radio type isStation.radio masterID (1–16383) Changes the Master Unit ID to which the NCL1170belongs. Available only if the NCL1170 radio type isStation.radio per[single|continuous|reset]Displays or resets the cumulative radio packet error ratestatistics to the screen. This command is availableduring tests and normal operation.•single displays the current statistics.•continuous displays the statistics every onesecond.•reset resets the calculations.radio reset Forces the NCL1170 radio to reset. If you reset theNCL1170 radio instead of shutting down, the statisticswill not be lost.radio rssi When serially connected to the NCL1170, displayschanges in the average and peak receive signalstrength every half second.radio rssi threshold Changes the threshold (floor) value used to calculatethe average receive signal strength.radio rxtest start|stopStarts and stops the Radio Continuous Receive Test.When you start this test, the Radio PER display is alsoautomatically started. Available only at the StationNCL1170. Use this test to deploy a new StationNCL1170 in an existing network.Command Syntax Description
APCD–NC006–A 63radio setting Displays the current Media Access Control (MAC)settings for the NCL1170 radio:•IFS• slot time• backoff range• backoff mode.radio setting default Changes the default MAC settings for the NCL1170radio.radio station Displays the list of unit IDs to which the master unit cantalk. Available only if the NCL1170 radio type is Master.radio station add (1–16383) Adds a remote Unit ID to the list of stations to which aMaster Unit can talk. Available only if the NCL1170 radiotype is Master.radio station del (1–16383) Removes a remote Unit ID from the list of stations towhich a Master Unit can talk. Available only if theNCL1170 radio type is Master.radio station disable|enableunitIDDisables or enables the transmission capabilities of theremote station. unitID istheunitIDoftheremotestationthat you want to disable. Available only if the NCL1170radio type is Master.radio statistics | stats Displays the current radio statistics.radio statistics | stats reset Resets all radio counters to zero.radio txtest start|stopStarts and stops the Radio Continuous Transmit Test.Available only at the Master NCL1170. Use this test toset up a Master and Station for a new network.radio txrx start|stopStarts and stops the Radio Transmit/Receive LoopbackTest. When you start this test, the Radio PER display isalso automatically started. Available only at the MasterNCL1170. Use this test for a new installation only.radio type Displays the NCL1170 radio type.radio type master|station Changes the radio type. Use this to configure anNCL1170 as a master unit. All NCL1170 units arefactory-configured as ‘station’.radio unitid Displays the NCL1170 unit ID.radio unitid (1–16383) Changes the NCL1170 unit ID. An NCL1170 unit ID is aunique number between 1 and 16383.snmp Displays the SNMP configuration information. SNMP isuseful for monitoring network performance anddebugging.snmp community Displays the SNMP community table. The default SNMPcommunities are: public read and private write.Command Syntax Description
64 APCD–NC006–Asnmp community add|delcommunity read|writeAdds a community name to or deletes one from theSNMP community table. A community name can be amaximum of 32 ASCII characters.•read: enables the community to view thevariables in SNMP.•write: enables the community to change andview the variables.To change SNMP variables, you must have a writecommunity. To view SNMP variables, you must have awrite or read community.snmp contact Displays the SNMP system contact (that is, the personor company).snmp contact contact Changes the SNMP system contact and telephonenumber. contact canbeamaximumof256ASCIIcharacters that you can use to define the contact personor address for the NCL1170.snmp location Displays the SNMP geographical location of the system.snmp location location Changes the SNMP geographical location of thesystem. location canbeamaximumof256ASCIIcharacters that you can use to define the physicallocation of the NCL1170.snmp trap Displays the list of SNMP trap servers defined for theNCL1170.snmp trap add|delserver(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd)communityAdds a trap to or deletes one from the SNMP trapserver table. server(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd) is the IPaddress for the trap server. community isthenameofthecommunityonthetrapserverandcanbeamaximum or 16 ASCII characters.system Displays the system configuration information.system memory Displays the memory statistics, such as memoryallocation information.system name Displays the system name.system name name Changes the system name. name canbeamaximumof 64 ASCII characters that you can use to name theNCL1170 in your system. The system name is used forthe command-line prompt for the NCL1170.system network Displays the network system statistics from the networkbuffer memory pools.system networkethernet|radio|data|systemDisplays network buffer pool-allocation information foreach parameter:system password Changes the password for the NCL1170.system protocol Displays information about the configuration ofprotocols bound to the interface.Command Syntax Description
APCD–NC006–A 65system protocol interface Displays the protocol configuration for the specificinterface that you name. interface is either Ethernetor Radio.system uptime Displays how long the system has been running. If theuptime is more than 24 hours, the time appears as ndays, hh:mm:ss where nis the number of days andhh:mm:ss is the hours:minutes:seconds.system version Displays the build date and time, and lists all softwarelibraries and their version numbers.test radio Performs self tests and displays the results for all theradio device. If you use this command, the link service isdisrupted for the duration of the test.reboot|restart|reload|reset Resets the NCL1170.write|save Saves the current configuration. If you want to save thenew configuration, you must write (save) anyconfiguration changes before you reboot the NCL1170;otherwise, the NCL1170 reverts to the previously savedconfiguration.write default|erase Removes all configuration changes, even if you savedthem, and resets the NCL1170 to the factory defaultconfiguration.help [command]Displays a list of all commands. If you type a commandname after help, the syntax for that command isdisplayed. For example, type help ip to display all IPcommands and the syntax for each.exit|quit|byeCloses the console session.Command Syntax Description
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APCD–NC006–A 67Appendix B Abbreviations andTerminologyTable 9 Acronyms and AbbreviationsAcronym orAbbreviation DefinitionAC Alternating CurrentALF Air Link FrameARQ Automatic Retry reQuestARP Address Resolution ProtocolASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangedB decibeldBi decibel, with respect to an isotropic antennaCLI Command Line InterfaceCPU Central Processing UnitCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCSA Canadian Standards AssociationCSMA Carrier Sense Multiple AccessCSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision AvoidanceCSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision DetectCTS Clear To SendDCE Data Communication EquipmentDHCP Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDNS Domain Name ServiceDPRAM Dual Port Random-Access MemoryDRAM Dynamic Random-Access MemoryDSR Data Set Ready
68 APCD–NC006–ADSSS Direct-Sequence Spread SpectrumDTE Data Terminal EquipmentESN Electronic Serial NumberFCC Federal Communications Commission (U.S.A.)FTP File Transfer ProtocolGHz GigahertzIBL Inter Building LinkIC Industry CanadaICMP Internet Control Message ProtocolID Identifier, IdentificationIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIF Intermediate FrequencyIP Internet ProtocolISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (unlicensed radio band)LAN Local Area NetworkLED Light-Emitting DiodeLLC Link Layer ControlMAC Media Access Control, Medium Access ControllerMbps Megabits per secondMHz MegahertzMIB Management Information BaseMTU Maximum Transmission UnitNCL Network Communication Link, as in NCL1170, a WaveRider productNIC Network Interface CardOSPF Open Shortest Path FirstPC Personal ComputerPCI Personal Component InterconnectbusPER Packet Error RatePHY Physical LayerPTMP Point-to-PointPTP Point-to-MultipointRADIUS Remote Access Dial In User ServerRF Radio FrequencyRFC Request For CommentsAcronym orAbbreviation Definition
APCD–NC006–A 69RIP Routing Information ProtocolRMA Returned Merchandise AuthorizationRSSI Receive Signal Strength IndicatorRTS Request To SendRx ReceiveSNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolTCP Transmission Control ProtocolTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTx TransmitURL Uniform Resource LocatorVVoltWMM WaveRider MAC ModuleWRM WaveRider Radio ModuleAcronym orAbbreviation Definition
70 APCD–NC006–ATable 10 NCL1170 Network TerminologyTerm DefinitionAddress ResolutionProtocol (ARP) The layer below the IP layer; maps the IP and MAC addressestogether.Bridge A device that connects and passes packets between twonetwork segments. A bridge operates at the MAC layer. Abridge filters or forwards an incoming frame based on the MACaddress of the frame.A learning bridge listens to traffic on its interfaces andmaintains a table of addresses. See also Router.Channel Generally, the medium through which information iscommunicated. In wireless communications, the channel isusually defined by the center frequency, modulation type, andoccupied bandwidth.Command Line Interface(CLI) In contrast to a graphical user interface, a CLI is aconfiguration and control interface based on keyboard-entrycommands and responses.Console Port Typically, the 9-pin RS 232 serial port on an NCL1170 to whicha terminal or laptop computer is connected to configure orcontrol the device.Domain Name Server(DNS) A database system that translates IP addresses into domainnames. For example, 207.23.187.242 is converted intowaverider.com.Direct-Sequence SpreadSpectrum (DSSS) A form of spread-spectrum communications that uses a high-speed code sequence, along with the information being sent,to modulate the RF carrier.Master The NCL1170 defined as a master provides the access controlfor all NCL1170 stations in the same radio network. Themaster configuration determines the channel that the NCL1170stations use. There must be only one master using the samechannel in the radio network. You must configure a masterwithin the coverage area of another master to use a differentchannel.Master ID Improves security on the wireless network. NCL1170s musthave the same master ID in order to communicate with eachother.Master vs. Station Decide which NCL1170 is the master. In the point-to-pointconfigurations, it does not matter which NCL1170 is master,just remember that the master provides the access control tothe station. In the case of point-to-multipoint, the master musthave a line of sight to each station, but each station may nothave a radio communication path to other stations.
APCD–NC006–A 71Media Access Control(MAC) address The 6-byte low-level hardware or physical address of anEthernet device.Radio Channel A 22 MHz wide RF channel with a center frequency specifiedin Appendix C. In any given network, all NCL1170s mustoperate on the same radio channel to communicate.Radio Type This parameter specifies the role of the NCL1170 in the radionetwork. Each NCL1170 is classified as either a master or astation.Receive Signal StrengthIndicator (RSSI) Displays the average and peak radio receive signal strength ofthe NCL1170, based on a factory calibrated threshold (floor)value, calculated every half second.Router A device that connects and passes packets between two ormore network segments. A router filters or forwards anincoming packet based on the IP address of the packet.Routers use static routes which take precedence over routeschosen by all dynamic routing protocols. See also Bridge.Routing InformationProtocol A routing protocol for IP networks based on the distance-vector algorithm, where all or a portion of the routing table issent to all other neighbouring devices along with eachmessage.Static Route A route that is explicitly configured and entered in the routingtable. Static routes take precedence over routes chosen bydynamic routing protocols.Station An NCL1170 defined as a station synchronizes with anNCL1170 master that has the same station and master IDsetting.System Name A name that allows a user to identify a particular NCL1170.Once the Name is assigned, the system name appears as theprompt.System Password A set of characters that prevents unauthorized access toconsole commands. The same password applies whenaccessing the console from the RS-232 port, from the networkusing Telnet, or when connecting to the FTP server.Unit ID In the case of a station, unit ID provides the wireless addressat the station. In the case of a Master, a list of unit IDs formsthe access list of stations allowed to communicate with theMaster. Any station not on the list will be disabled wheneverthe station attempts to access the Master.Term Definition
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APCD–NC006–A 73Appendix C Operating ChannelFrequenciesThe following table defines the channel frequency set for each WaveRider regulatory domain.ChannelIDFCC/ICChannelFrequencies(USA/Canada)MKKChannelFrequencies(Japan)ETSIChannelFrequencies(Europe)FrenchChannelFrequenciesSpanishChannelFrequencies1 2412 MHz not available 2412 MHz not available not available2 2417 MHz not available 2417 MHz not available not available3 2422 MHz not available 2422 MHz not available not available4 2427 MHz not available 2427 MHz not available not available5 2432 MHz not available 2432 MHz not available not available6 2437 MHz not available 2437 MHz not available not available7 2442 MHz not available 2442 MHz not available not available8 2447 MHz not available 2447 MHz not available not available9 2452 MHz not available 2452 MHz not available not available10 2457 MHz not available 2457 MHz 2457 MHz 2457 MHz11 2462 MHz not available 2462 MHz 2462 MHz 2462 MHz12 not available not available 2467 MHz 2467 MHz not available13 not available not available 2472 MHz 2472 MHz not available14 not available 2484 MHz not available not available not available
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APCD-NC006-A 75Appendix D NCL1170 AntennaRecommendationsThe NCL1170 has been certified for use with Omni, Patch, Yagi, and Dish antenna types. Thetable below includes examples of each of the recommended antenna types, as well as theirassociated maximum antenna system gain.Table 11 NCL1170 Supported AntennasNOTE: For a Dish antenna a cavity filter with a minimum rejection of 20dB ± 22MHz from the channel center frequency is required.Antenna system gain is the net gain of the system. In other words, it is the antenna gain minusthe insertion loss due to cabling, filters, surge protectors, and other hardware components.During installation, you must verify that the antenna system does not exceed the maximumallowable antenna system gain for that specific antenna type.Calculate the antenna system gain by adding the value of the insertion loss for eachcomponent of the antenna system, excluding the antenna, and subtracting the total of thatsum from the antenna gain. You can measure the insertion loss of the components, and theantenna gain, at the frequency of interest, or obtain it by referencing the manufacturer’ssupplied literature.Antenna Type Manufacturer Model Number Maximum AntennaSystem GainOmni Mobile Mark OD9-2400 9.0 dBiPatch Til-Tek TA-2408 10.6 dBiYagi Astron 928-4 10.1 dBiDish Til-Tek TA-811 10.4 dBi
76 APCD-NC006-AFor example, with a Yagi antenna system, 10 m of cable, a surge protector, and a bandpassfilter, you would calculate the following antenna system gain:Antenna gain: 12.4 dBiInsertion loss:- cable: 4 dB- surge protector: 0.2 dB-filter: 1.1dBThe total insertion loss is 5.3 dB, which gives an antenna system gain of 12.4 dBi minus 5.3dB, or 7.1 dBi. Since the system gain is lower than the maximum antenna system gain of 9.1dBi, this antenna configuration is valid.
APCD–NC006–A 77Appendix E NCL1170 SpecificationsThe followiing tables list the technical specifications for the NCL1170 (FCC/IC RF RegulatoryDomains).Table 12 Network InterfaceTable 13 Physical InterfaceTable 14 Radio PerformanceTopology Point-to-Multipoint, Point-to-Point, orRepeaterOperational Modes Bridging or RoutingTransmission Protocols Supported TCP/IP, Telnet, SNMP, FTPRouting Protocols Supported Standard: StaticOptional: RIP, DHCP RelaySimultaneous Stations per Master 20Operational Master/Station groups indesignated coverage area 3 (one channel per Master/Station group)Air Frame Format Standard: WaveRider proprietaryEthernet RJ-45, 10/100Base Tx (no auto sense)Serial DB-9, serial DTE RS-232RF Connector WaveRider proprietaryMinimum Channel Centre Frequency 2.412 GHz
78 APCD–NC006–ATable 15 Power SupplyTable 16 Environmental ConsiderationsMaximum Channel Centre Frequency 2.462 GHzChannel Bandwidth 22 MHzCenter Frequency Spacing Increment 5 MHzMinimum Separation Between OrthogonalChannels 25 MHzMaximum Orthogonal Channels 3Orthogonal Channel Set 1, 6, 11Orthogonal Channel Set CentreFrequencies 2.412 GHz, 2.437 GHz, 2.462 GHzModulation Scheme CCK (Complementary Code Keying)DSSS (Direct Sequence SpreadSpectrum)Maximum Over-the-Air, Raw Data Rate 11 MbpsMaximum Throughput Point-to-Point 7.5 MbpsMaximum Throughput Point-to-Multipoint 6.6 MbpsCenter Frequency Spacing Increment 5 MHzNominal RF Out Put Power +25 dBmMinimum Receive Sensitivity -82 dBmMaximum Operating Range 16 km (line of sight)AC Input 94 to 264 VAC, single phaseAC Input Frequency 47 to 63 HzMaximum Input Current 2.2 AOperating Temperature 0° to +55° CStorage Temperature -20° to +70° C
APCD–NC006–A 79Table 17 RegulatoryStandards Industry Canada RSS-210, RSS-102Federal Communications Commission -CFR47, Part 15B, Sections 15.205,15.209, 15.247
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APCD–NC006–A 81Appendix F Configuration DataRecordUse the following form to record your NCL1170 information for each NCL1170 group.
APCD–NC006–A 82NCL1170 Network Group Configuration Data RecordMaster InformationStation InformationRadioChannel Subnet Mask SoftwareVersion Bridge orRouterSNMPCommunities SNMP Trap ServerCommunityName R/W CommunityName IPAddressSystemName Unit ID SerialNumber PasswordRadio Settings IP AddressLocation EthernetHardwareAddressAntenna (Yagi/parabolic/omni/panel) CableIFS SlotTime BackoffMode BackoffRange Ethernet Radio(Routingonly) Type Gain Type LossSystemName Unit ID SerialNumber PasswordRadio Settings IP AddressLocation EthernetHardwareAddressAntenna (Yagi/parabolic/omni/panel) CableIFS SlotTime BackoffMode BackoffRange Ethernet Radio(Routingonly) Type Gain Type Loss
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