WNI Global KS2400 KymaStar User Manual

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Date Submitted	2007-07-29 00:00:00
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Document Title	Microsoft Word - Enterprise 802.11g Outdoor Multi-function Radio User_'s M.K
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Enterprise-class
802.11g
Multi-function Radio
Outdoor
USER MANUAL
Version 1.0.4
Jan. 2007
Table of Content
CHAPTER 1.
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
OVERVIEW............................................................................................................................... 4
KEY FEATURES ........................................................................................................................ 5
WARNINGS ............................................................................................................................... 7
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................ 9
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... 10
HARDWARE INSTALLATION ................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 2.
2-1
2-2
2-3
MANAGEMENT..................................................................................................... 47
CHANGE PASSWORD .............................................................................................................. 47
REMOTE MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................... 48
UPGRADE FIRMWARE............................................................................................................ 51
BACKUP / RESTORE SETTINGS .............................................................................................. 52
EVENT LOG ........................................................................................................................... 53
REBOOT AP ........................................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER 8.
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
MANAGING AND TESTING YOUR AP.............................................................. 45
SITE SURVEY ......................................................................................................................... 45
LINK TEST ............................................................................................................................. 45
CHAPTER 7.
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
WIRELESS SETUP ................................................................................................ 34
BASIC SETTINGS .................................................................................................................... 34
VAP / VLAN SETTINGS ........................................................................................................ 35
UNDERSTANDING WEP/WPA SECURITY OPTIONS .............................................................. 38
ACCESS CONTROL................................................................................................................. 41
WDS MODE........................................................................................................................... 41
SMART WDS.......................................................................................................................... 42
ADVANCED SETTINGS ............................................................................................................ 42
CHAPTER 6.
6-1
6-2
COPIOUS FUNCTIONALITIES .......................................................................... 25
TIME SERVER ........................................................................................................................ 25
BRIDGE/ROUTER MODE ....................................................................................................... 26
ANY IP ................................................................................................................................... 27
UNDERSTANDING RADIUS SETTINGS.................................................................................. 28
HTTP REDIRECT .................................................................................................................. 29
FIREWALL MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................... 30
VIRTUAL SERVER .................................................................................................................. 32
CHAPTER 5.
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................. 21
INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................... 21
CONNECTION ......................................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 4.
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
BASIC INSTALLATION AND SECURITIES ..................................................... 17
DEFAULT FACTORY SETTINGS............................................................................................... 17
GETTING TO KNOW RADIO WIRELESS SECURITY OPTIONS ................................................ 18
INSTALLING THE RADIO AS AN AP (ACCESS POINT) ............................................................. 19
CHAPTER 3.
3-1
3-2
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 4
TROUBLE SHOOTING......................................................................................... 55
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS ...................................................................................................... 55
CONNECTION ISSUES ............................................................................................................. 57
CONFIGURATION ISSUES ....................................................................................................... 58
COMMUNICATION ISSUES...................................................................................................... 59
Copyright
This user’s manual and the software described in it are copyrighted with all rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without the
written permission of Corporation.
Preface
About This Manual
This manual explains enterprise-class 802.11g outdoor radio.
Document Conventions
This publication uses the following conventions to convey instructions and information:
STA refers to a station
ETH refers to a PC
This symbol means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or
references to materials not contained in this manual.
This symbol means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something
that could result in equipment damage or loss of data.
This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily
injury. Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with
electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents.
Bold: Indicates the function, important words, and so on.
Chapter 1. Introduction
Thank you for choosing this Enterprise-class outdoor radio (hereafter called radio). This
radio provides a secure, affordable, and easy-to-use wireless LAN solution that combines
mobility and flexibility with the enterprise-class features required by networking
professionals.
This chapter gives an overview of the enterprises-class radio, as well as its key features.
In addition, we detail about the hardware descriptions, system requirements and basic
installation.
1-1
Overview
802.11a/b/g-compliant, Vlan functionality allows a single network AP to behave as “8”
number of virtual network APs. This does away with the limitation by the sheer number of
Ethernet connections that need APs acting as a proxy. WMM prioritizes traffic demands
from different applications and extends Wi-Fi’s high quality end-user experience from data
connectivity to voice, music, and video applications under a wide variety of environment.
This Access points serves as the connection point between wireless and wired networks
or as the center point of a stand-alone wireless network. In large installations, wireless
users within radio range of an access point can roam throughout a facility while
maintaining seamless, uninterrupted access to the network.
You can configure and monitor the radio using the command-line interface (CLI), the
browser-based management system, or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Use the instructions in this Guide to help you connect the outdoor radio, set it up, and
configure it to bridge your different networks. These instructions should be all you need to
get the most out of the radio
1-2
Key Features
The radio is user-friendly and provides solid wireless and networking support. The
following standards and conventions are supported:
• Standards Compliant
The Wireless Access Point complies with the IEEE 802.11b/g for Wireless LANs.
• WEP support
Support for WEP is included. 64-bit, 128-bit, and 152-bit keys.
• DHCP Client Support
DHCP Server provides a dynamic IP address to PCs and other devices upon request. The
radio can act as a client and obtain information from your DHPC server.
• RADIUS Accounting
Enable accounting on the access point to send accounting data about wireless client
devices to a RADIUS server on your network.
• SNMP Support
Support for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Information
Base (MIB) management.
• Multiple operating modes
1.
Access point
2.
Station Adapter
3.
Point-to-Point Bridge.
4.
Wireless Repeater
5.
Inter-building
• Repeater mode
Configure the radio as a wireless repeater to extend the coverage area of your wireless
network.
• VAPs (VLAN)
Assign Multi-SSIDs on your radio (one SSID per VAP) to differentiate policies and
services among users forming a wide variety of VLANs.
• QoS
Use this feature to support quality of service for prioritizing traffic from the Ethernet to the
access point.
• Wi-Fi Multi-media (WMM)
Radio also supports the voice-prioritization schemes by using the 802.11b/g wireless
phones via enable the WMM application.
•Transmit Power Control
Supports settable transmit power levels to adjust coverage cell size, ranging from full,
half(50%), quarter(25%) eighth(12.5%) and min
• Multiple security settings per VLAN with up to 8 VLANs
Security settings for multiple groups; so employees, guests and contractors now easily
and securely share the same infrastructure
•Access Control
The Access Control MAC address filtering feature can ensure that only trusted wireless
stations can use the radio to gain access to your LAN.
•Hidden Mode
The SSID is not broadcast, assuring only clients configured with the correct SSID can
connect.
1-3
Warnings
In order to comply with international radio frequency (RF) exposure limits,
grid antennas should be laced at a minimum of 23.6 inches (60 cm) from the
bodies of all persons. Panel antennas should be laced at a minimum of 11.8
inches (30 cm) from the bodies of all persons. Omni and sector antennas
should be laced a minimum of 7.9 inches (20 cm) from the bodies of all
persons.
Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables during periods of
lightning activity.
This equipment must be grounded. Never defeat the ground conductor or
operate the equipment in the absence of a suitably installed ground conductor.
Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you
are uncertain that suitable grounding is available.
Ultimate disposal of this product should be handled according to all national
laws and regulations.
Do not locate the antenna near overhead power lines or other electric light or
power circuits, or where it can come into contact with such circuits. When
installing the antenna, take extreme care not to come into contact with such
circuits, as they may cause serious injury or death. For proper installation and
grounding of the antenna, please refer to national and local codes (e.g.
U.S.:NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 810, in Canada: Canadian
Electrical Code, Section 54).
Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install, replace, or
service this equipment.
To meet regulatory restrictions, the radio and the external antenna must be
professionally installed. The network administrator or other IT professional
responsible for installing and configuring the unit is a suitable professional
installer. Following installation, access to the unit should be password
protected by the network administrator to maintain regulatory compliance.
The Outdoor Multi-function radio and POE injector can be damaged by
incorrect power application. Read and carefully follow the installation
instructions before connecing the system to its power source.
1-4
System Requirements
Before installing the radio, make sure your system meets these requirements
• The Category 5 UTP straight through Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connector. (Between
PC and POE)
• The Category 5 SFTP straight through Ethernet cable with weather-proof RJ-45
connector. (Between POE and radio)
• A 100~240 V, 50~60 Hz AC power source
• A Web browser for configuration such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or above, or
Netscape Navigator 4.78 or above
• At least one computer with the TCP/IP protocol installed
What’s In the Box?
• 802.11 b/g Outdoor radio * 1
• Power adapter and cord * 1
• Power over Ethernet (POE) * 1
• Quick Installation Guide * 1
• Installation CD for the radio *1
• Mounting kit *1
• RJ-45 weather-proof connector for the SFTP cable * 1
If any missing or damaged, please contact your local seller.
1-5
Hardware Description
Please refer to the following table for the meaning of each feature.
MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION
Please refer to the following table for the meaning of each feature.
Reset button
Grounding stud
N- Jack Antenna
Connector
RJ-45 Port
Figure 1-1 Outdoor Multi-function Radio Figure
RJ-45 Port
Use the SFTP cat.5 cable with weatherproof connector to connect to the “To
ODU” side of the POE injector.
N- Jack Antenna
Connector
Here you can attach the proper antenna with the outdoor radio to wirelessly
connect to the networks. In order to improve the RF signal radiation of your
antenna, proper antenna installation is necessary.
Grounding stud
Connect to the ground conductor with the ground wire.
Reset button
Screw off this screw and insert a stick to press in and hold the reset button for
5~10 seconds, the radio will back to factory default settings.
PS. The spec of the screw is “Button head socket cap screw 4*6 iso”.
This equipment must be grounded. Never defeat the ground conductor or
operate the equipment in the absence of a suitably installed ground conductor.
Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you
are uncertain that suitable grounding is available.
Outdoor Multi-function Radio Quick Installation Guide
10
POE (Power over Ethernet)
DC Input
LED Indicator (Power)
To Ethernet
To Radio
Figure 1-2 Power over Ethernet injector
To Ethernet
RJ-45 port used to connect to the 10/100 Base T complied
device such as switch, router or PC.
To ODU
RJ-45 port used to connect to the ODU.
DC Input
Connect to the Power adaptor for 15V DC input.
LED Indicator
Power LED
11
This equipment must be grounded. Never defeat the ground conductor or
operate the equipment in the absence of a suitably installed ground conductor.
Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you
are uncertain that suitable grounding is available.
The Outdoor Multi-function radio and POE injector can be damaged by
incorrect power application. Read and carefully follow the installation
instructions before connecing the system to its power source.
Power Over Ethernet Injector is not a waterproof unit, should not be exposed
to outdoor without any protection.
12
1-6
Hardware Installation
The Outdoor Multi-function Radio is a radio device, so it is susceptible to common causes
of interference that can reduce throughput and range. Follow these basic guidelines to
ensure the best possible performance:
IF there is any other 2.4GHz RF device deployed around the outdoor radio, try to set
the channel to the non-overlapping one.
Install the bridge at a height sufficient place where structures, trees, or hills do not
obstruct radio signals to and from the unit. A clear line-of-sight path can guarantee the
performance of the RF link.
Site Surveys
Clear and flat area provide better RF range and data rate, on the contrary, physical
obstructions such as trees, electric tower, hills or buildings can reduce the
performance of RF devices. Do not deploy your radios in the location where there is
any obstacle between the antennas.
Configure and verify the 802.11g Outdoor Multi-function Radio operations
first before you mount the radio in a remote location.
13
OUTDOOR
INDOOR
Panel Antenna
IEEE802.11g Outdoor
Multi-function radio
10/ 100 Base T
10/ 100 Base T
Router / Switch
( Optional )
AC Outlet
110V~240V
Power adaptor
DC 15V
POE
Figure 1-3 Hardware Installation Figure
Power Over Ethernet Injector is not a waterproof unit, should not be exposed
to outdoor without any protection.
Connect the Ethernet Cable
The Outdoor Multi-function Radio support 10/100M Ethernet connection. Attach your
SFTP / SSTP cat.5 Ethernet cable with waterproof connector to the RJ-45 connector
on the ODU enclosure. Then connect the other end of the cable to the “To ODU” side
on PoE injector.
Welding the shielding parts of the SFTP cable and the RJ-45 connector well to
ensure the performance of the system and avoid the moisture leak into the
radio.
14
Figure 1-4 Weld the RJ-45 connector with the SFTP cable
Weld the SFTP cable as the Figure 2-4, make sure the welding parts NOT
bigger than the figure, or it will affect the function of waterproof RJ-45
connector.
Attached the antenna
You can attach the proper antenna to the N-type connector on the Outdoor
Multi-function Radio.
To meet regulatory restrictions, the outdoor radio and the external antenna
must be professionally installed.
Hardware Installation
Connect the Power Cable
Connect the 15V power adapter to the POE injector, and plug the other end of the
electrical outlet (AC 110V~240V).
We cannot assume the responsibility for the damage from using with the other
power adapter supplier.
You should read and carefully follow the installation instructions before
connecting the system to its power source. The outdoor radio and power
injector can be damaged by incorrect power application.
15
Connect the ground stud
Connect the ground stud on the ODU enclosure with the ground wire.
This equipment must be grounded. Never defeat the ground conductor or
operate the equipment in the absence of a suitably installed ground conductor.
Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you
are uncertain that suitable grounding is available.
Mounting the 802.11g Outdoor Multi-function Radio
The outdoor radio is usually installed on a rooftop, tower, wall, or a suitable flat
surface. For detailed mounting instructions, please refer to the Quick Installation
Guide.
Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install, replace, or
service this equipment.
Wind the water-resistant adhesive tape around the RJ-45 and N-type
connector on the outdoor radio enclosure as the last step of the mounting
procdures.
16
Chapter 2. Basic Installation and Securities
This chapter explains how to place and connect the outdoor radio. In addition, the radio’s
security features are elaborated.
2-1
Default Factory Settings
We’ll detail about radio default factory settings below. Factory Default Restore will enable
you to restore these defaults.
FEATURE
FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS
User Name (case sensitive)
admin
Password (case sensitive)
password
radio Name
APxxxxxx(xxxxxx represents the last 6 digits
of MAC address)
Country / Region
United States
Router Mode
Bridge
IP Type
static IP
IP Address
192.168.1.1
IP Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
Default Gateway
0.0.0.0
Operating Mode
Access Point
Wireless Mode
Auto (802.11g/b)
Channel / Frequency
1 / 2.412 GHz
17
2-2
Getting to Know radio Wireless Security Options
If wants to make wireless networking as safe and easy for you as possible. This radio
provides several network security features, but they require specific action on your part for
implementation.
Security Precautions
The following is a complete list of security precautions to take as shown in this User’s
Manual.
1. Change the default SSID.
2. Disable SSID Broadcast.
3. Change the default password for the Administrator account.
4. Enable MAC Address Filtering.
5. Change the SSID periodically.
6. Use the highest encryption algorithm possible. Use WPA if it is available. Please note
that this may reduce your network performance.
7. Change the WEP encryption keys periodically.
To ensure network security, steps one through four should be followed at least.
Wireless networks are easy to find. Hackers know that in order to join a wireless
network, wireless networking products first listen for “beacon messages”. These
messages can be easily decrypted and contain much of the network’s information, such
as the network’s SSID (Service Set Identifier).
Security Options
There are several ways you can enhance the security of your wireless network:
• Restrict Access Based on MAC address. You can restrict access to only trusted
clients so that unknown clients cannot wirelessly connect to the radio. MAC address
filtering adds an obstacle against unwanted access to your network, but the data
broadcast over the wireless link is fully exposed.
• Use WEP. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption provides data security. WEP
Shared Key authentication and WEP data encryption will block all but the most
determined eavesdropper.
• Use WPA or WPA-PSK. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) data encryption provides data
security. The very strong authentication along with dynamic per frame re-keying of WPA
makes it virtually impossible to compromise.
• Enable Wireless Security Separator.The associated wireless clients will not be able to
communicate with each other if this feature is enabled. The default setting is disabling.
18
2-3
Installing the radio as an AP (Access Point)
Before installing, you should make sure that Ethernet network is perfectly working. You will
be connecting the radio to the Ethernet network so that computers with 10/100 Fast
Ethernet adapters will communicate computers on the Ethernet.
1.
SET UP THE AP Tip:
Before mounting the radio in a high location, first set up and test the radio to verify wired
network connectivity.
a. Prepare a computer with an Ethernet adapter. If this computer is already part of your
network, record its TCP/IP configuration settings.
b. Configure the computer with a static IP address of 192.168.1.x (x cannot be 1) and
255.255.255.0 for the Subnet Mask.
c. Connect a Cat.5 SFTP cable from the radio to the POE.
d. Connect a Cat.5 UTP cable from the POE to computer
e. Turn on your computer, connect the power adapter to the AP and verify the following:
– The power light of the POE goes on.
– The LAN light of the Ethernet port on computer goes on too. (or the lan status which
showed on the windows linked)
2.
To CONFIGURE LAN AND WIRELESS ACCESS
a. Configure the AP Ethernet port for LAN access
• Connect to the AP by opening your browser and entering http://192.168.1.1 in the
address field. A login window like the one shown below opens:
Figure: 2-1 AP log in window
When prompted, please enter admin for Name and password for password, both in
low cases.
19
3.
Clicking Login now, it will navigate you into this radio’s homepage-----General
Information will be shown below.
Figure: 2-2 AP general information
20
Chapter 3.
General Information
General information gives you a basic concept of the radio.
3-1
Information
Understanding General Information Settings
We’ll elaborate the information from this radio’s homepage
Access Point Name: You may assign any device name to the Access Point. This name is
only used by the Access Point administrator for identification purposes. Unique,
memorable names are helpful, especially if you are employing multiple access points on
the same network. The default name is APxxxxxx.
MAC Address: Short for Media Access Control address, a hardware address that
uniquely identifies each node of a network.
Country/Region: This field identifies the region where the AP can be used. It may not be
legal to operate the wireless features of the wireless access point in a region other than
one of those identified in this field. The default country is the United States.
Firmware Version: Firmware is stored in a flash memory and can be upgraded easily,
using your Web browser, and can be upgraded via ftp server. The currently available
version of AP is 1.1.3.0.
IP Type: By default, the AP is configured as static IP Address.
IP Address: The IP address must be unique to your network. The default IP address is
192.168.1.1
To associate the access point to your PC, make sure the PC IP address need to
be matched the AP. For instance, the AP is 192.168.1.1, and your PC IP should
be 192.168.1. X.
Subnet Mask: The Subnet Mask must be the same as that set on the LAN that your
Access Point is connected to. The default is 255.255.255.0.
Operating Mode: AP provides five modes, Access Point, Station, bridge, repeater and
inter-building.
•Access Point: Act as a standard 802.11b/g. The default mode is Access Point.
•Station: Perform as a client station associated to other APs. Be sure that they share the
same SSID when connected.
•Wireless bridge
In this mode, the AP only communicates with another bridge-mode wireless station. You
must enter the MAC address (physical address) of the other bridge-mode wireless station
in the field provided. WEP should be used to protect this communication.
•Point to Multi-Point Bridge
21
Select this only if this AP is the “Master” for a group of bridge-mode wireless stations. The
other bridge-mode wireless stations must be set to Point-to-Point Bridge mode, using this
AP MAC address. They then send all traffic to this “Master”, rather than communicate
directly with each other. WEP should be used to protect this traffic.
•Wireless Repeater: In this mode, the AP can communicate with another wireless station
or wireless bridge. You can enter the MAC address of both adjacent repeaters in the fields
provided to communicate with other wireless bridge or use SSID to communicate with
other wireless station. WEP should be used to protect this communication.
•Inter-building
This is own brand of WDS mode. Under this mode, AP will automatically connect to our
11b radio which is set to inter-building mode too, without manually entering MAC address
for each other.
Wireless Mode: Select the desired wireless operating mode. The default mode is
Auto(802.11g/b).
Channel: This field identifies which operating frequency will be used.
Security Profiles: This provides a list of virtual APs derived from AP Virtual AP, spelling
out profile name, SSID, MAC, security, and status.
22
3-2 Connection
Under the Information heading, click the connection link to view the connection status
shown below.
Figure: 3-1 AP connection status
If the wireless access point is rebooted, the table data is lost until the wireless
access point rediscovers the devices.
Statistics
The statistics provide various LAN and WAN statistics.
Figure: 3-2 statistics
23
Field
Wired Ethernet
Description
Packets
The number of packets sent since the AP
was restarted.
Bytes
The number of bytes sent since the AP was
restarted.
Wireless
Unicast Packets
The Unicast packets sent since the AP was
restarted.
Broadcast Packets
The Broadcast packets sent since the AP
was restarted.
Multicast Packets
The Multicast packets sent since the AP
was restarted.
Total Packets
The Wireless packets sent since the AP
was restarted.
Total Bytes
The Wireless bytes sent since the AP was
restarted.
24
Chapter 4. Copious Functionalities
The versatile radio provides various, applicable functions.
4-1
Time Server
By click Basic Settings, the “Basic Settings” will appear shown below.
Figure: 4-1 AP Basic settings
The AP allows you to synchronize the time between your network and time server by
using NTP Time Server.
Time Sever provides correct and current time in any world time zone, country or major city.
Accurate adjustments for Daylight Saving Time (or Summer Time ) are made according to
each location's rules and laws.
Time Server Port: This field identifies the time server port like 123.
Time Zone: Select the time zone location for your setting.
Current Time: This field identifies the current time in your specific time Zone.
25
4-2
Bridge/Router Mode
From the system setup, click IP Settings, you’ll be navigated into the WAN/LAN Settings.
Figure: 4-2 AP WAN/LAN settings
This radio can be figured as bridge mode and router mode.
Bridge Mode
Under Bridge Mode, the AP will act as a pass-through bridging your network, by
associating with various devices. This can extend your radius of your network.
Spanning Tree: Enabling spanning tree can prevent undesirable loops in the network,
ensuring a smooth running network. By default, the function is enabled.
Router Mode
Under Router Mode, the radio has two ports, WAN port and LAN ports.
If your network has a requirement to use a different IP addressing scheme, you can make
those changes in this menu. These settings are only required if the Refresh” is chosen.
Remember to click Apply to save your changes.
26
4-3
Any IP
If IP address has slipped your mind, any IP functionality can relieve your anxiety.
Enabling any IP, you’ll feel free to enter IP Address, IP Subnet Mask and Gateway,
enjoying internet surf.
Please refer to the diagram below.
Take the steps to activate the functionality.
1.
Configure the AP as router mode.
2.
Make sure your station connected to the AP.
3.
Set correct IP parameters for the AP.
4.
Enable any IP
STA1
PC
Any IP Enabled
STA2
27
4-4
Understanding RADIUS Settings
RADIUS is a server for remote user authentication and accounting. It can be used on any
network that needs a centralized authentication and/or accounting service for its
workstations.
From the system Setup, click Radius Settings, the RADIUS Settings will display as below.
Figure: 4-3 AP Radius settings
You will also have to fill in the following Radius server settings:
• Primary Radius Server IP Address
This field is required. Enter the IP address of the Radius Server on your LAN or WAN..
• Secondary Radius Server IP Address
This field is optional. Enter the IP address of the Secondary Radius Server on your LAN.
• Radius Port
Enter the port number used for connections to the Radius Server.
• Radius Shared Key
Enter the desired value for the Radius shared key. This key enables the AP to log in to
the Radius server and must match the value used on the Radius server.
•Radius Accounting Option
28
The Radius Accounting option can be enabled so that you can track various information
like who connected to the network, when they connected, how long they were connected,
how much network traffic they generated, and so on.
4-5
HTTP Redirect
Currently market campaign has a stake in the future of your company, so that plugging
your products on website is a basic step for your goods.
This radio has insight into your need. Enabling HTTP redirect, you can enter the company
website (for example, http://www.google.com). It is your desired web that first appears
when someone is surfing on internet, via a station connected to your radio (which is set to
be an AP) for internet surf.
STA1
STA2
The following is the HTTP Redirect Settings.
Figure: 4-4 AP HTTP Redirect settings
URL
Enter your desired website in this field. Be sure to click “Apply” to save the configuration.
Be sure to your AP connected to the internet when using HTTP Redirect.
29
4-6
Firewall Management
Today’s companies rely on highly networked, secure computing environments to efficiently
and safely conduct business. Firewalls are a key component of any secure network.
Firewalls are configured to allow “desired” traffic in and to keep “undesired” traffic out.
This radio (access point) is also qualified for firewall management.
Please see the diagram below.
Acting as a firewall, the radio will filter your undesired data and protocols, only delivering
the “wanted” for your PC.
Click the firewall link and you’ll be navigated to Firewall Management interface.
Figure: 4-5 AP firewall management
Before applying the firewall management, you need enable firewall.
Here we’ll discuss Firewall.
• Name
Enter your desired firewall rule name in this field.
• Allow
This field identifies which packets have IP addresses specified by you, are allowed to
transmit at your LAN.
• Deny
This field identifies which packets have IP addresses specified by you, are banned to
transmit at your LAN.
• Interface
This is optional, WAN or LAN.
• Destination
30
This specifies where packets are bound for.
•IP Range Start
This specifies the starting-point of your specific IP addresses.
•IP Range End
This specifies the ending-point of your specific IP addresses.
•Protocol
This is optional, TCP, DCP, ICMP or *. Select which protocol you want to perform “Allow”
or “Deny”.
* indicates you restrict no protocol to perform “Allow” or “Deny”.
•Port Range
This specifies your IP port range.
•Schedule
You can set time when your AP performs firewall management, by enabling “from”.
Alternatively, if you desire your AP to perform firewall management for a long time, please
enable “always”.
•Bandwidth
You can set the bandwidth with n*64Kb / per second to limit the data flow.
When completing all firewall rules configuration, please click Add Rule. Firewall Rule List
will appear below.
Figure: 4-6 Firewall list
31
4-7
Virtual Server
Virtual server can be enabled only under router mode.
Hub
The radio (which is set as an AP) distinguishes by acting as a virtual server. This most
cost-effective server virtualization technology is engineered for heterogeneous network.
Please refer to the following diagram.
Under router mode, designed for the virtual server, the AP is wirelessly coupled to FTP
server, mail server and log server on LAN port; on WAN port, the AP is coupled to PC. The
AP is the virtual server, so that you have access to download files, enjoy e-mails or
undertake others, only via your PC.
Figure: 4-7 AP virtual server management
We’ll discuss virtual elements below.
•Name
Enter the virtual server’s name in this field.
32
•Private IP
This specifies the IP Address at your LAN.
•Protocol Type
This field is optional. Select TCP or UDP.
•Private Port
This specifies your LAN port.
•Public Port
This specifies your WAN port.
•Schedule
You can set time-limit when your AP acts as a virtual server, by enabling “from”.
Alternatively, if you desire your AP to act as a virtual server for a long time, please enable
“always”.
•Virtual Server List
This provides you with the detailed list of virtual servers.
When completing configuration of your virtual server, please click “Add Rule” to save the
setting.
33
Chapter 5. Wireless Setup
This chapter focuses on the radio powerful wireless function.
5-1
Basic Settings
The versatile outdoor radio provides adequate to five operating modes for your various
purposes.
Figure: 5-1 Basic Settings
• Operating Mode:
AP is capable of five operating modes, access point, station adapter, wireless bridge,
wireless repeater, and wireless inter-building.
•Access Point
Any 802.11 b/g wireless station can communicate with it by correct SSID.
•Station: Perform as a client station associated to other APs. Be sure that they share the
same SSID and secure settings when connected.
•Wireless bridge
In this mode, the radio only communicates with another bridge-mode wireless station. You
must enter the MAC address (physical address) of the other bridge-mode wireless station
in the field provided. WEP should be used to protect this communication.
•Point to Multi-Point Bridge
Select this only if this radio is the “Master” for a group of bridge-mode wireless stations.
The other bridge-mode wireless stations must be set to Point-to-Point Bridge mode, using
this radio MAC address. They then send all traffic to this “Master”, rather than
communicate directly with each other.
• Wireless Repeater.
In this half-duplex mode, the radio can communicate with another wireless bridge and
wireless station. You must enter the MAC address of both adjacent wireless bridges in the
34
fields provided. WEP should be used to protect this communication.
• Inter-building
This is own brand of WDS mode. Under this mode, radio will automatically connect to our
11b outdoor radio without manually entering MAC address for each other.
• SSID
The SSID is the unique name shared among all devices in a wireless network. It is
case-sensitive, must not exceed 32 alphanumeric characters, and may be any keyboard
character. Make sure this setting is the same for all devices in your wireless network. The
default SSID name is wireless.
• BSSID
A group of Wireless Stations and a single access point, all using the same ID (SSID), form
a Basic Service Set.
Using the same SSID is essential. Devices with different SSIDs are unable to
communicate with each other. However, some access points allow connections from
wireless stations which have their SSID set to “any” or whose SSID is blank (null).
• Wireless Mode
Select the desired wireless operating mode. The options are:
Auto (11g/b) – Both 802.11g and 802.11b wireless stations can be used.
11g only - Only 802.11g wireless stations can be used.
11b only - All 802.11b wireless stations can be used. 802.11g wireless stations can still be
used if they can operate in 802.11b mode.
• Channel.
This field identifies which operating frequency will be used. It should not be necessary to
change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems or setting up the AP
near another access point.
• Data Rate.
Shows the available transmit data rate of the wireless network. The default is “Best”.
• Output Power.
Set the transmit signal strength of the radio. The options are full, half, quarter, eighth, and
min. Decrease the transmit power if more than one AP is collocated using the same
channel frequency. The default is Full.
• Station Mode Flow Control
Uplink Speed Limit (1-1687): It indicates the transmission rate.
5-2
VAP / VLAN Settings
Overview
As the number of data-based systems increase, it becomes more and more difficult to
provide the network infrastructure (due to the sheer number of Ethernet connections that
need to be provided) from the perspective of cost, space, and wire management. Luckily,
35
the advent technology called VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) can achieve her mission.
Now it is possible for these multi devices in function without the need for multiple physical
network APs.
See the diagram below.
Under this mode, this radio can behave as 8 virtual Wireless LAN infrastructures. You can
specify unique SSID for these different infrastructures. For example, VLAN1 contains
ETH1 and STA1, VLAN2 contains ETH2 and STA2, and so on. However, they all share the
same AP and undertake different tasks. Some VLANs can be used for guest Internet
access, others for enterprise users, and administrators can be put on a high security
VLAN with enhanced firewall permissions. All this can be achieved using a single
infrastructure to emulate up to 8 infrastructures. The AP does this by assigning each of the
8 VLANs it’s own SSID, so you will think you are looking at up to 8different wireless
networks.
36
Figure 5-2 VAP / VLAN Settings
You can configure each profile by clicking “Edit”. Such configuration as configuring profile
name, SSID, enabling “broadcast SSID”, or doing security.
Figure 5-3 Security profile for Vap x
37
5-3
Understanding WEP/WPA Security Options
The following elaborate WEP/WPA security options.
Field
Description
Network
You have two authentication options.
Authentication
• Open System:
No authentication is imposed to the radio. However, if the 802.1x
option is configured, authentication of connections can be
performed by a RADIUS server.
• Shared: this is for shared key authentication. Data is encrypted.
Encryption Strength
You can select the following data encryption options: Disabled
64- 128- or 152-bit WEP With Open System Authentication and 64128- or 152-bit WEP Data Encryption with Shared Key
authentication
Security Encryption
WEP enabled, you can manually enter the four data encryption
(WEP) Keys
keys or enable Passphrase to generate the keys automatically.
These values must be matched between all Clients and access
points at your LAN (key 1 must be the same for all, key 2 must be
the same for all, etc.)
Two ways to create WEP encryption keys:
• Passphrase.
Passphrase functions as automatically case-sensitive characters.
However, not all wireless adapters support passphrase key
generation.
• Manual. These values are not case sensitive. 64-bit WEP: enter
10 hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or A-F). 128-bit
WEP: enter 26 hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or
A-F). 152-bit WEP: enter 32 hexadecimal digits (any combination of
0-9, a-f, or A-F).
WPA-PSK
(Wi-Fi
WPA Pre-Shared-Key uses a pre-shared key to perform the
Protected
Access
authentication and generate the initial data encryption keys. Then, it
Pre-Shared Key)
dynamically varies the encryption key. It uses Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol (TKIP) for encryption keys. However not all
wireless adapters support WPA. Furthermore, client software is
required on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service
Pack 3 do include the client software that supports WPA.
Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware and driver must also
support WPA.
WPA 2-PSK
Identical to WPA-PSK with the exception of the way to encryption
38
keys. WPA2-PSK uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for
encryption keys.
WPA-PSK&
2-PSK
WPA You may have the option of WPA-PSK associated with TKIP.
Alternatively, you can select WPA2-PSK associated with AES.
Figure 5-4 Security profile with WEP encryption
Figure 5-5 Security profile with WPA-PSK
39
Figure 5-6 Security profile with WPA2-PSK
Figure 5-7 Security profile with WPA-PSK & WPA2-PSK
40
5-4
Access Control
Authentication by username and password is only part of the story. Frequently you want to
let people in based on something other than who they are. Something such as where they
are coming from. Restricting access based on something other than the identity of the
user is generally referred to as Access Control.
Figure: 5-8 Access Control
You can restrict access to only trusted STAs so that those unknown STAs cannot
wirelessly connect to the AP by turning Access Control on.
By entering MAC Address of new stations, you can manually add the stations to allow
them to be connected to the radio.
5-5
WDS Mode
In a Wireless Distribution System (WDS) mode, multiple radios can be configured to
operate in the WDS mode to inter-connect wired LAN segments that are attached to the
radio. Up to four devices can be connected to the AP.
41
Figure: 5-9 WDS mode
• Local MAC Address:
This field provides the MAC address.
• Remote MAC Address:
Enter the MAC Address of your desired devices connected to the AP in WDS Mode.
• Uplink Speed Limit:
You can specify the transmission rate between the AP and other devices by entering the
value in uplink speed limit. The most speed available is 1687 ×64Kbps=105.4375Mbps
5-6
Smart WDS
Under bridge mode, enabling smart WDS, the radio can sniff other bridge mode radio
around it and automatically connect those that work in the same channel.
• WDS Service Group ID
If two radios share the same group ID, they will be automatically connected.
Smart WDS can be activated on the premise that the radio must set to be AP mode.
5-7
Advanced Settings
The default advanced wireless LAN parameters usually streamline your work.
• Wi-Fi Multi-media (WMM)
42
Currently interest and demand for multimedia applications and advanced capabilities are
growing quickly. In the residential market, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), video
streaming, music streaming, and interactive gaming are among the most anticipated
applications. In enterprise and public networks, support for VoIP, real time streaming of
audio and video content, as well as traffic management, allows network owners to invent
advanced methods to offer a richer and more diverse set of services.
WMM prioritizes traffic demands from different applications and extends Wi-Fi’s high
quality end-user experience from data connectivity to voice, music, and video applications
under a wide variety of environment and traffic conditions. WMM defines four access
categories (voice, video, best effort, and background) that are used to prioritize traffic so
that these applications have access to the necessary network resources. When your STA
connect to the AP, you can enjoy high-quality multimedia function at your LAN, by
enabling WMM.
Before enabling WMM, make sure your stations must also support WMM.
Further, your operating system must be Windows XP with Service Pack 2.
The following describes the advanced wireless parameters.
Field
Description
RTS Threshold
The packet size used to determine whether it should use
the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection) or the CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense
Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) mechanism for
packet transmission.
Fragmentation Length
This is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation.
Packets larger than the size programmed in this field will
be fragmented. The Fragment Threshold value must be
larger than the RTS Threshold value.
Beacon Interval
This value indicates the frequency interval of the beacon.
A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Access Point to
keep the network synchronized. A beacon includes the
wireless LAN service area, the AP address, the Broadcast
destination addresses, a time stamp, Delivery Traffic
Indicator Maps, and the Traffic Indicator Message (TIM).
Specifies the data beacon rate between 20 and 1000.
DTIM Interval
This value indicates the interval of the Delivery Traffic
Indication Message (DTIM). A DTIM field is a countdown
43
field informing clients of the next window for listening to
broadcast and multicast messages. When the outdoor
radio has buffered broadcast or multicast messages for
associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM
Interval value. Clients can hear the beacons and awaken
to receive the broadcast and multicast messages.
Space in meters
This space in meter is used for extending ACK time-out
destination. The setting range is 0-36000.
Preamble Type
A long transmit preamble may provide a more reliable
connection or slightly longer range. A short transmit
preamble gives better performance. Auto is the default
Antenna
Select the desired antenna for transmitting and receiving.
“Primary” is the default and must.
44
Chapter 6. Managing and Testing Your AP
6-1
Site Survey
Figure: 6-1 Site survey
Site Survey provides you with a table of adjacent APs discovered by your radio when it
acts as a station. In terms of each connected AP, Site Survey offers you their personal
information, including SSID, BSSID, RSSI, channel mode, connection status and
encryption.
6-2
Link Test
To optimize the communication between your LAN, link test is designed to test the
parameters that indicates communication quality.
Figure: 6-2 Link test
We’ll discuss parameters in link test.
• RF Cable Loss (0-10):
45
This indicates RF loss in cables, ranging from 0 to 10.
• Local Antenna Gain (0-99):
This indicates extended coverage provided by the local AP, for an existing 802.11 b/g
wireless local area network (WLAN), ranging from o to 99.
• Remote Antenna Gain (0-99):
This indicates extended coverage provided by the remote AP, for an existing 802.11a/b/g
• W ireless local area network (WLAN).ranging from o to 99.
• Test Interval (1-60000): This provides testing time
• Test Packet Size (64-1514):
This test the size of packet transmitted between the two radios, ranging from 64 to 1514
• Test Time (60-86400):
This specifies how long the link test will last ranging from 60 to86400.
46
Chapter 7. Management
This chapter describes how to manage your radio.
7-1
Change Password
Figure: 7-1 Change Password
You can have your desired password by changing password.
Take the following steps to change password.
• Enter your currently-used password in the current field.
• Enter your new password in the New Password field.
• Re-enter the new password to confirm it in the Repeat New Password field.
Finally, click “Apply” to save the change.
Also, if you desire to restore to the factory-set password, please click “Yes”.
The default setting is disabled.
47
7-2
Remote Management
This radio provides remote management to manage and diagnose your network.
Figure: 7-2 Remote Management
SSH
Secure Shell (SSH) is a program that provides a cryptographically secure replacement
for Telnet that is considered the de facto protocol for remote logins. SSH runs in the
Application Layer of the TCP/IP stack. SSH provides a secure connection over the
Internet providing strong user authentication. SSH protects the privacy of transmitted
data (such as passwords, binary data, and administrative commands) by encrypting it.
SSH clients make SSH relatively easy to use and are available on most computers
including those that run Windows or a type of UNIX. SSH clients are also available on
some handheld devices.
SSH on the radio is enabled by default. When user manager is enabled, SSH uses the
same usernames and passwords established by the user manager.
The applicability of SSH for the radio allow you to have insight into your LAN.
If your computer does not have the SSH client installed, you must procure
and install it before you can proceed. You can download the latest SSH client
from the following site: http://ssh.com/.
Take the following steps to manage this radio via SSH:
1.
From the Putty Configuration, enter IP address in host name field and port number
in port field. Also, select SSH as protocol.
48
Figure: 7-3 Putty configuration utility
2.
Press Open, and the screen below should appear.
Figure: 7-4 Putty configuration page
The login name is admin and password is the default password. After successful login,
the screen should show the APdcb325>. In this example, the APdcb325 is the radio
name.. Enter help to display the SSH command help.
SNMP
SNMP (simple network management protocol) is a distributed-management protocol.
Via SNMP, you have access to administrate your AP remotely.
49
Read Community Name: You have access to read rather than write. The default name
is public.
Write Community Name: The default name is private.
50
7-3
Upgrade Firmware
When uploading software to the AP Access Point, it is important not to interrupt
the Web browser by closing the window, clicking a link, or loading a new page. If
the browser is interrupted, the upload may fail, corrupt the software, and render
the AP completely inoperable.
The software of the radio is stored in FLASH memory, and can be upgraded as new
software is released by. The upgrade file can be sent via your browser.
The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the AP must support HTTP
uploads, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator
4.78 or above.
1. Download the new software file and save it to your hard disk.
2. From the main menu Management section, click the Upgrade Firmware link to display
the screen above.
3. In the Upgrade Firmware menu, click the Browse button and browse to the location of
the image (.RMG) upgrade file.
4. Click Upload. When the upload completes, your wireless access point will
automatically restart. The upgrade process typically takes about 150 seconds. In
some cases, you may need to reconfigure the wireless access point after upgrading.
Browse
Figure: 7-5 Upgrade Firmware
51
7-4
Backup / Restore Settings
Radio provides backup and restore for file management.
Browse
Figure: 7-6 Backup / Restore Settings
Backup
You have access to back up the currently settings by enabling radio ‘s Backup function.
Retrieve:
Retrieve button allows you to retrieve your backup files.
Restore:
This button can be used to clear ALL data and restore ALL settings to the factory default
values.
52
7-5
Event Log
If you have a SysLog server on your LAN, enable the SysLog option. Event Log offers you
activity log information.
Figure: 7-7 Event log
• SysLog Server IP address:
The radio will send all the SysLog to the specified IP address if SysLog option is enabled.
Default: 0.0.0.0
• Syslog Server Port Number:
The port number configured in the SysLog server on your network. Default: 514
53
7-6
Reboot AP
In some cases, if you want to reboot AP, click Yes and then apply. AP will reboot.
Figure: 7-8 Reboot AP
7-7
Hardware reset
If your Web User Interface stops responding, ping the IP address of the radio to check
whether “reply” is obtained, or unplug and then plug back in the power supply of the
Wireless AP Access Point. This will reboot the Wireless AP Access Point. If you are still
unable to communicate with the Web User Interface, screw off the screw next to the
grounding stud. Then use a stick to press in and hold the RESET button for five to ten
seconds. This will reset the Wireless AP Access Point to the factory default settings. If you
applied any personal configuration settings, you will need to make the changes again.
Below is the tool to revolve the screws and press the reset button for your reference:
Figure: 7-8 Tool to screw off the screw of reset button.
54
Chapter 8. Trouble Shooting
This chapter helps you to isolate and solve the problems with the Outdoor Multi-function
Radio. Before you start troubleshooting, it is important that you have checked the details
in the product user manual and QIG.
In some cases, rebooting the unit clears the problem. If the radio still can’t work well,
please try to contact your local vendor or supplier.
8-1
General Descriptions
To successfully use the radios, engineers must be able to troubleshoot the system
effectively. This section will show you how an Outdoor Multi-function radio could be
analyzed in the case of “no link,” usually, we thinks that the link is down because there
is no traffic being passed. The four main reasons that a link may not work are list as
below:
Configuration
Path issues (such as distance, obstacles, RF reflection…)
Personal reasons (careless mounting or the incorrectly connection.)
Hardware (includes the radio, cable and connectors…etc. In few cases, the radio
will conflict with the laptop or PC)
Environment (anything that is outside the equipment and not part of the path
itself)
After verified the correct configuration, double-checked the path terms, ensure no
personal reasons and the hardware works well in the office, but the user still report
that the link does not work. Most likely, the problem reported is caused by the
environment or by improper tests to verify the connection. Assumes that the test
method, cabling, antennas, and antenna alignment have been checked, (Always
ensure this before checking the environment.) then you can do the follow to check the
environment.
General Check
Two general checks are recommended before taking any action:
Check whether the software version at both sides is the most current
Check for any reported alarm messages in the Event Log
55
Analyzing the Spectrum
The best way to discover if there is a source of interference is to use the spectrum
analyzer. By turning the antenna 360 degrees, you can find out which direction is the
interference coming from. it will also show the frequencies and the level of signal is
detected.
Avoiding Interference
When a source of interference is identified and when the level and frequencies are
known, the next step is to avoid the interference. Some of the following actions can be
tried:
Change the RF channel to the one away from the interference source
Change the polarization of the antenna; try to change to a polarization different
from the interferer.
A small beam antenna may helps. (Such as some grid or dish antenna, align
the antenna in to the particular direction will reduce the affects from the
interference source) This solution cannot help when the source of interference
is right behind the remote site.
Before checking for interference, ensure all the hardware works well and
configurations are correct. The path analysis, cabling and antennas should be
checked as well.
56
8-2
Connection Issues
This section describes several common troubles the customer might have while
setting the radios.
Radio Does Not Boot
When the Radio does not Boot, do the following steps to check your whole system:
1. Ensure that the power supply is properly working and correctly connected.
2. Ensure that all cables are workable and connected correctly.
3. Check the power source.
Cannot use the Web Interface
If the radio boot, but can’t enter it via the Web site.
1. Open a command prompt window and enter ping  (for example:
ping 192.168.1.1). If there is no response from the radio, make sure that you
the IP address is correct. If there is response, the Ethernet connection is working
properly, do the next step.
2. Make sure that you are using one of the following Web browsers:
Microsoft Internet Explorer version 5.0 or later
Netscape version 5.0 or later.
3. Ensure that you are not using a proxy server for the connection with your Web
browser.
4. Double-check the physical network connections (includes the cables and the
connectors). Use a well-known unit to ensure the network connection is properly
functioning.
57
8-3
Configuration Issues
The following problems relate to setup and configuration problems.
Some basic configurations might make the link fail, below are the major ones:
RF Channel
SSID
IP address
Rule of MAC address filter
Rule of security settings (such as WEP or WPA)
Rule of authentication (such as settings of radius server and 802.1x)
Configurations of WDS page
Please check the detail configuration in Chapter 3 “Configuring the 802.11g
Radio”
58
8-4
Communication Issues
If the links of the two radios works within close distance of each other, then there are
two possible reasons why wireless connectivity is not possible while the Outdoor
Multi-function radios are at their desired locations:
RF path, for example, a bad antenna alignment, the tower is not tall enough when
the radios are installed in a long distance or the connector do not attachment
well…etc (these are the most common problems in installations)
Interference problem caused by a high signal level from another unit. The
interference can be checked by changing the frequency and then see if another
channel works better. Or you can change the polarization of the antenna as a
way of avoiding the interfering signal. To know in advance how much interference
is present in a given environment, a Spectrum Analyzer can be attached to a
(temporary) antenna for measuring the signal levels on all available Channels.
If the link still not works after resetting the configurations, checking the
connectors and cables, double-check the path and environment issues, then
the problem is possible a hardware problem. Acquiring a third radio and then
testing it amongst the existing units will help to find out the broken unit.
Please contact your local vendor for advance technical support.
Notice : The changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
IMPORTANT NOTE: To comply with the FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, no change
to the antenna or the device is permitted. Any change to the antenna or the device could result in
the device exceeding the RF exposure requirements and void user’s authority to operate the
device.
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference
by one or more of the following measures:
-- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
-- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
-- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
-- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
59

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