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Installation Guide

Cylink VoiceXtender Modem

Package: 81229-00A

August 1997

CYLINK CORPORATION

910 Hermosa Court

Sunnyvale, California 94086, USA

(408) 735-5800

CYLINK LIMITED U.K.

Tel: +44-1256-841919

Fax: +44-1256-24156

CYLINK CORPORATION (Singapore)

Tel: +65-297-6196

Fax: +65-297-6195

CYLINK CORPORATION (New Delhi)

Tel: +91-11-617-6913

Fax: +91-617-9529

CYLINK CORPORATION (Beijing)

Tel: +81-10-6467-1905

Fax: +86-10-6467-1906

CYLINK CORPORATION (Karachi)

Tel: +92-21-5840743

Fax: +92-21-5840727

CYLINK CUSTOMER SUPPORT

1-800-545-6608 (USA - California)

1-800-814-5587 (USA - New Jersey)

1-408-735-5822 (Internaltional - California)

1-201-333-3400 (International - New Jersey)

+44-1256-58122 (Cylink Limited - U.K.)

HOME

Rev. A - 8/97 i

Cylink Corporation provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied,

including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

Cylink Corporation may make improvements and changes to the product described in this Manual at any

time and without notice. Cylink Corporation assumes no responsibility for its use, nor any infringements of

patents or other rights of third parties that would result.

This document could contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Periodic changes are made to

the information contained herein; these changes will be incorporated into new editions of the Manual.

No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way,

including, but not limited to, photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other records, without the prior written

permission of Cylink Corporation.

VoiceXtender is a trademark and CYLINK® is a registered trademark of the Cylink Corporation.

PRODUCT COMPATIBILITY

While every effort has been made to verify operation of this product with many different communications

products and networks, Cylink Corporation makes no claim of compatibility between its products and other

vendors’ equipment. It is assumed that users have thoroughly evaluated this product’s performance in the

communications environment in which it will be used.

SAFETY

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation and service of this

product. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this Manual willfully

violates standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the product. Cylink Corporation assumes no

liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements.

This product must be grounded. In the event of a short circuit, grounding reduces the risk of electrical shock

by providing an escape wire for the current.

The product's AC power cord ends in a three-pole grounding plug. Do not use a three-pole to two-pole

adapter with the plug. Verify that the outlet you intend to use is properly installed and grounded; the outlet

used must comply with the local electric code.

Do not install or operate this product in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any

electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.

No user maintained or adjustable components are present within this product. The covers should not be

removed by anyone other than authorized Cylink service personnel. The potential for electrical shock exists

within the cabinet at all times unless it is unplugged.

Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the VoiceXtender modems.

Return the product to Cylink Corporation for service and repair to ensure that safety features are

maintained. Prior to returning any product(s) for repair, contact Cylink at the telephone numbers or address

located on the front of this Manual, and obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Cylink Corporation can void the user’s authority to

operate the equipment.

ii Rev. A - 8/97

TOWER CONSTRUCTION

Compliance with local zoning and tower construction regulations is recommended when VoiceXtender digital

modem radios require a tower. These regulations generally mandate that permits be obtained before any

tower construction begins. Check with local zoning and aviation authorities for more information.

FCC PART 68 INFORMATION

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules on spread spectrum devices, such as the VoiceXtender,

require that you be notified of the following:

This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules. The FCC Part 68 label is located on the bottom of

the enclosure. This label contains the FCC Registration Number for this equipment. If requested, this

information must be provided to your telephone company.

The REN is useful to determine the quantity of devices you may connect to your telephone line and still have

all of those devices ring when your telephone number is called. In most, but not all areas, the sum of the

RENs of all devices connected to one line should not exceed five (5.0). To be certain of the number of

devices you may connect to your line, as determined by the REN, you should contact your local telephone

company to determine the maximum REN for your calling area.

Connection to the telephone network should be made by using standard modular telephone jacks, type

RJ11C or RJ11W. The RJ11C or RJ11W plug and/or jacks used must comply with FCC Part 68 rules.

If this telephone equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company will notify you in

advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required. But if advance notice isn’t practical, the

telephone company will notify the customer as soon as possible. Also, you will be advised of your right to file

a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary.

The telephone company may make changes in it’s facilities, equipment, operations or procedures that could

affect the proper functioning of your equipment. If they do, you will be notified in advance in order for you to

make necessary modifications to maintain uninterrupted service.

This equipment may not be used on coin service provided by the telephone company. Connection to party

lines is subject to state tariffs.

REPAIR INSTRUCTION

Repairs to this equipment can only be made by the manufacturer or its authorized agents. If this equipment

is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may request that it be unplugged from the

modular outlet until the problem has been corrected. To obtain repair service or warranty information

contact:

Cylink Corporation

1350 Bordeaux Drive

Sunnyvale, CA 94089

Attn: Repair and Return Department

1-800-545-6608

FCC regulations require that this device be professionally installed by a person knowledgeable in electronics

and trained in the correct installation of this device.

All interface cables must be shielded.

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference

received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Rev. A - 8/97 iii

INDUSTRY CANADA NOTICE

Notice: The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means the equipment

meets telecommunications network protective, operational. And safety requirements as prescribed in the

appropriate Terminal Equipment Technical Requirements documents(s). The Department does not

guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.

Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities

of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable

method of connection. The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not

prevent degradation of service in some situations.

Repairs to certified equipment should be coordinated by a representative designated by the supplier. Any

repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the

telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect this equipment.

Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility,

telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together. This precautions

may be particularly important in rural areas.

CAUTION Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the

appropriate electric inspection authority, or electrician, as appropriate.

Notice: The Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) assigned to each terminal device provides an indication of

the maximum number of terminals to be connected to a telephone interface. The combination of devices

subject only to the requirement that the sum of the Ringer Equivalence Numbers of all the devices does not

exceed 5.

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus

set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications

iv Rev. A - 8/97

STATEMENT OF WARRANTY

CYLINK products, except as stated otherwise in an applicable price list, are warranted against defects in

workmanship and material for a period of one (1) year from date of delivery as evidenced by CYLINK’s

packing slip or other transportation receipt.

CYLINK’s sole responsibility under this warranty shall be to either repair or replace, at its option, any

component which fails during the applicable warranty period because of a defect in workmanship and

material, provided PURCHASER has promptly reported same to CYLINK in writing. All replaced Products or

parts shall become Cylink’s property.

CYLINK shall honor the warranty at CYLINK’s repair facility in Sunnyvale, California. It is PURCHASER’s

responsibility to return, at its expense, the allegedly defective Product to CYLINK. PURCHASER must

obtain a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions from CYLINK prior to

returning any Product under warranty. Transportation charges for the return of the Product to PURCHASER

shall be paid by CYLINK within the United States. For all other locations, the warranty excludes all costs of

shipping, customs clearance and other related charges. If CYLINK determines that the Product is not

defective within the terms of the warranty, PURCHASER shall pay CYLINK all costs of handling,

transportation and repairs at the then prevailing repair rates.

All the above warranties are contingent upon proper use of the Product. These warranties will not apply (i) if

adjustment, repair or parts replacement is required because of accident, unusual physical, electrical or

electromagnetic stress, negligence of PURCHASER, misuse, failure of electric power environmental

controls, transportation, not maintained in accordance with CYLINK specifications, or abuses other than

ordinary use (ii) if the Product has been modified by PURCHASER or has been repaired or altered outside

CYLINK’s factory, unless CYLINK specifically authorizes such repairs or alterations; (iii) where CYLINK

serial numbers, warranty data or quality assurance decals have been removed or altered.

CYLINK also reserves the right to make product improvements without incurring any obligation or liability to

make the same changes in Products previously manufactured or purchased. In no event shall CYLINK be

liable for any breach of warranty in an amount exceeding the net selling price of any defective Product. No

person, including any dealer, agent or representative of CYLINK is authorized to assume for CYLINK any

other liability on its behalf except as set forth herein. Nonpayment of any invoice rendered within the stated

payment terms automatically cancels any warranty or guarantee stated or implied. If any payment is due

CYLINK for services performed hereunder, it shall be subject to the same payment terms as the original

purchase.

CYLINK HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES ON PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT

LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE. The warranties expressly stated herein are the sole obligation or liability on the part of CYLINK

arising out of or in connection with the sale or performance of the products.

Products Manufactured by Others - For products not manufactured by CYLINK the original manufacturer’s

warranty shall be assigned to PURCHASER to the extent permitted and is in lieu of any other warranty,

express or implied. For warranty information on a specific product, a written request should be made to

CYLINK.

IN NO EVENT WILL CYLINK BE LIABLE TO PURCHASER FOR (i) REPROCUREMENT COSTS; (ii) SPECIAL,

INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES; (iii) ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS

OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, OR THE

USE OF PERFORMANCE OF CYLINK PRODUCTS, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE CAUSE OF ACTION

IS IN CONTRACT, TORT, INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE, OR ANY OTHER FORM.

No action, whether in contract or tort, including negligence, arising out of or in connection with this

Agreement, may be brought by either party more than eighteen (18) months after the cause of action has

accrued, except that an action for nonpayment may be brought within eighteen (18) months of the date of

last payment.

Rev. A - 8/97 v

Table of Contents

Preface About This Manual............................................................................ix

Who Should Read This Manual................................................................x

How to Use This Manual..........................................................................x

Manual Conventions................................................................................xi

Customer Support....................................................................................xi

Reader Response...................................................................................xii

Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................1-1

Product Overview.................................................................................1-2

Features..........................................................................................1-3

Applications.........................................................................................1-3

Front Panel Description.........................................................................1-4

Rear Panel Description..........................................................................1-5

Chapter 2 System Planning.........................................................................2-1

Introduction..........................................................................................2-2

Antenna Options...................................................................................2-2

Omnidirectional Antenna................................................................2-2

Directional Antenna........................................................................2-3

Path Analysis.......................................................................................2-3

Determining the Fade Margin..........................................................2-4

System Gain..............................................................................2-4

Antenna Gain............................................................................2-5

Cable/Connector Loss................................................................2-5

Free Space Path Loss.................................................................2-5

Application Examples...........................................................................2-7

Example 1: Point-to-Point Application............................................2-7

Example 2: Point-to-Point Intercom Application..............................2-9

Example 3: Hub Application.........................................................2-11

Chapter 3 Installation and Setup................................................................3-1

System Setup........................................................................................3-2

Switch Settings.....................................................................................3-2

VoiceXtender Switch Settings.........................................................3-3

VoiceXtender Switch Parameters....................................................3-4

vi Rev. A - 8/97

Cabling the Modem...............................................................................3-6

Installing the Antenna....................................................................3-6

Connecting the Line/Phone Interface................................................3-7

Cabling a Hub Application..............................................................3-8

Connecting the Power......................................................................3-9

System Startup...................................................................................3-10

Directional Antenna Alignment.....................................................3-10

Adjusting the Audio Receive Level................................................3-13

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting..........................................................................4-1

Operational Problems...........................................................................4-2

Maintenance.........................................................................................4-3

Appendix A Specifications........................................................................A-1

General Specifications.........................................................................A-2

Interface Specifications........................................................................A-7

Appendix B Worksheets............................................................................B-1

Appendix C Glossary.................................................................................D-1

Index...................................................................................................Index-1

Rev. A - 8/97 vii

List of Figures

1-1 VoiceXtender....................................................................................1-2

1-2 VoiceXtender - Front Panel................................................................1-4

1-3 VoiceXtender - Rear Panel.................................................................1-5

2-1 Omnidirectional Antenna...................................................................2-2

2-2 Yagi Directional Antenna...................................................................2-3

2-3 Fade Margin Calculation....................................................................2-4

2-4 Point-to-Point Application.................................................................2-8

2-5 Point-to-Point Intercom Application...................................................2-9

2-6 Hub Application..............................................................................2-11

3-1 VoiceXtender Switch Settings............................................................3-3

3-2 Connecting the Low-Gain Omnidirectional Antenna............................3-6

3-3 Connecting the Line and Phone Interface.............................................3-7

3-4 Burst Synchronization Cabling...........................................................3-8

3-5 Connecting the Power.........................................................................3-9

3-6 Antenna Alignment Flow Chart........................................................3-12

3-7 Volume Adjustment..........................................................................3-13

A-1 Rear Panel RJ11 Connector.................................................................A-7

A-2 Rear Panel Power Input Connector (Female DIN)................................A-7

viii Rev. A - 8/97

List of Tables

2-1 Free Space Path Loss Between Two Isotropic Radiators (in miles)........2-6

2-2 Free Space Path Loss Between Two Isotropic Radiators (metric)..........2-7

A-1 General Specifications......................................................................A-2

A-2 FXO Specifications...........................................................................A-2

A-3 FXS Specifications............................................................................A-3

A-4 Physical and Environmental Specifications.......................................A-3

A-5 Connector Specifications....................................................................A-3

A-6 Power Specifications.........................................................................A-4

A-7 User Interface DIP Switches..............................................................A-4

A-8 General Radio Frequency Specifications.............................................A-5

A-9 Transmitter Specifications................................................................A-5

A-10 RF Channel Frequencies - VoiceXtender ............................................A-6

A-11 Receiver Specifications.....................................................................A-6

Rev. A - 8/97 ix

PREFACE

REFACE

About This Manual

The VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide provides information to

install, configure, monitor, and test the VoiceXtender. This section

describes the intended audience for this manual, summarizes the

contents, explains the conventions, and provides customer support

and reader response information.

Inside this section:

Who Should Read This Manual..................................................x

How to Use This Manual.............................................................x

Manual Conventions...................................................................xii

Customer Support..................................................................xiii

Reader Response.....................................................................xiv

AirLink VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Preface

xRev. A- 8/97

Who Should Read This Manual

This manual is for people who will install, configure, and operate Cylink’s

VoiceXtender modems. The manual provides general guidelines on how to

prepare for and configure the AirLink modems for use in a typical environment,

including system planning, antenna options, and path analysis. We assume

that you have experience with and an understanding of the concepts underlying

telecommunications systems, as well as some familiarity with radio equipment.

You must also have knowledge of all radio frequency and electrical safety

practices and regulations that apply to the installation site.

How to Use This Manual

Each of the chapters and appendices in this manual begin with an introduction

to the contents of that portion of the manual. Before beginning the installation

process, you should read the introductions to each chapter so that you know

what each portion provides.

When you come to a procedure, skim through the entire procedure before

performing the step-by-step instructions. By doing this, you can prepare with

the appropriate information, equipment, and tools.

The information in this manual is organized according to the sequence of tasks

necessary to plan for unpacking, installing, and configuring, as well as operating

and maintaining the VoiceXtender modem.

AirLink VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Preface

Rev. A - 8/97 xi

Title Description

Chapter 1

Introduction Provides a general description of VoiceXtender modems,

including features and front and rear panel information.

Chapter 2

System Planning Provides information on configuration planning, path

analysis, and typical applications.

Chapter 3

Installation and Setup Provides instructions on how install modems, configure

the DIP switches, cable the equipment, and align the

antenna.

Chapter 4

Troubleshooting Provides information on troubleshooting and possible

operational problems when using modems.

Appendix A

Specifications Provides information on general specifications and radio

interface specifications.

Appendix B

Worksheets Assists in the system planning process by providing a

means to note VoiceXtender configuration settings and

maintain a record of the settings.

Appendix C

Glossary Provides definitions for the terms commonly used

throughout the manual.

Index Provides a quick reference to assist you in locating

important terms in the manual.

AirLink VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Preface

xii Rev. A- 8/97

Manual Conventions

The procedures and instructions in this manual use the following conventions:

❚The two configuration switches on the unit are referred to as SW1 and SW2.

Each switch consists of 8 individual ON/OFF switches that are referred to

as SW1-1, SW1-2, SW2-1, SW2-2, etc.

❚The following notes are used to add information, point to other important

considerations, or alert you to possible risks to you, your equipment, or your

data.

NOTE These standard text notes highlight important or additional information for you to consider.

CAUTION These notes warn you of situations that could result in damage to your equipment or loss

of data if you do not heed the instructions.

WARNING These notes warn you of situations that could endanger your health or safety if you do not

heed the instructions.

AirLink VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Preface

Rev. A - 8/97 xiii

Customer Support

If after reading this guide you encounter any trouble installing or using the

VoiceXtender modem, please contact your local distributor. If problems are not

resolved, you can call Cylink’s Customer Service for assistance. The telephone

numbers are:

Domestic (U.S.):

1-800-545-6608 Sunnyvale, CA

International:

1-408-735-5822 Sunnyvale, CA

+65-297-6196 Singapore

+44-1256-841919 United Kingdom

+91-11-301-0090 India

+92-21-215-7264 Pakistan

Domestic and International Customer Service fax:

1-408-735-6641 Sunnyvale, CA

+65-297-6195 Singapore

+44-1256-24156 United Kingdom

+91-11-379-3584 India

+92-21-587-0065 Pakistan

You can also contact Cylink’s Customer Support through the Internet at the

following email address:

support@cylink.com

If you need to return equipment, call Customer Service to obtain a return

material authorization (RMA) number prior to returning the equipment. The

RMA number must be on the outside of the shipping carton. When you call,

please be prepared to provide the unit serial number, software version, and a

detailed description of the problem.

AirLink VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Preface

xiv Rev. A- 8/97

Return all equipment to:

Cylink Corporation

1350 Bordeaux Drive

Sunnyvale, CA 94089

Attn: Repair and Return Department

RMA No: xxxxxxxxxx

Reader Response

Cylink’s technical publications department wants its documents to meet your

requirements. To this end, your ideas about the documentation are valuable.

After you have had a chance to read and use the guide, we encourage you to

submit your comments to

Manager, Technical Publications

Cylink Corporation

910 Hermosa Court

Sunnyvale, CA 94086

You can also submit your comments through the Internet at the following

address:

techpubs@cylink.com

Cylink may use or distribute any of the information you supply in any way it

believes appropriate without incurring any obligations whatsoever.

Rev. A - 8/97 1-1

CHAPTER

HAPTER 1

Introduction

Introduction to the

to the

VoiceXtender

This chapter contains an overview of the features and

applications of Cylink’s VoiceXtender modems, and includes

descriptions of the front and rear panels.

Inside this chapter:

Product Overview.................................................................1-2

Applications............................................................................1-3

Front Panel Description.......................................................1-4

Rear Panel Description........................................................1-5

VoiceXtender Installer’s Guide

Introduction

1-2 Rev. A - 8/97

Product Overview

Cylink’s family of modems provide a wireless solution for data and voice

connectivity using spread spectrum technology (902 to 928 MHz frequency band).

VoiceXtender modems support 2-wire voice.

Figure 1-1

VoiceXtender

VoiceXtender Installer’s Guide

Introduction

Rev. A - 8/97 1-3

Features

VoiceXtender (VX) modems provide the following features:

❚ Increased modem data rate to 28.8 Kbps

❚ Enables the maximum performance through a voice modem-CODEX

connection

❚ Caller Number Delivery and Signaling

❚902 to 928 MHz operating frequency

❚Selectable channels

❚Selectable output power

❚Optional omnidirectional or directional antennas

❚Power on and radio synchronization status indicators

❚Hub (several co-located terminals) configurability

❚Adjustable audio receive (ear piece) level.

The VoiceXtender replaces the wired connection between a standard telephone

and the on-premises switch or centrex with a radio link. Both foreign exchange

station (FXS) and foreign exchange office (FXO) loop-start signaling are

supported. The VoiceXtender provides a standard ringer current for the

telephone ringer.

With the Caller Number Delivery feature, modulation is digitized by the VX

64 and converted at the receiving end within the specified three seconds.

Applications

VX modems can be configured for point-to-point applications to provide a radio

link between telephone devices. Several VX modems can be connected in a hub

configuration to allow even greater flexibility in the arrangement of telephone

equipment.

VoiceXtender Installer’s Guide

Introduction

1-4 Rev. A - 8/97

Front Panel Description

The front of the VoiceXtender modem contains two green visual indicators:

❚POWER—this indicator illuminates when the modem is plugged into

the power outlet and is receiving power.

❚SYNC—this indicator illuminates when the channel is ready for

transmission (the RF link is up). When this indicator is flashing, the

RF link is not well established. When this indicator is off, the RF link

is down.

Figure 1-2 shows the front panel of an VoiceXtender modem. For more

information on indicators, refer to the section entitled “System Startup” in

Chapter 3, “Installation and Setup.”

Figure 1-2

VoiceXtender (VX) Modem - Front Panel

VoiceXtender Installer’s Guide

Introduction

Rev. A - 8/97 1-5

Rear Panel Description

The VoiceXtender modem is easily configured using the configuration switches

located at the rear of the modem. All connections are also located at the rear as

shown in Figure 1-3.

The following list describes the items on the rear panel:

❚Antenna connector (ANT) is a female N-type connector for connection to

either an omnidirectional or directional antenna

❚Female BNC connector for burst synchronization signal (SYNC) to

connect the synchronizing unit to synchronized modems in a hub

configuration or slave unit to master unit in a repeater application

❚Two configuration switches, each consisting of eight individual

ON/OFF switches

❚RJ11-type modular connector for the line or phone connection

❚5-pin female DIN connector for the external power supply

❚System grounding stud

For information on applications, refer to Chapter 2, “System Planning.” For

information on cabling and switch settings, refer to Chapter 3, “Installation and

Setup.” Information on specific cable pin signals can be found in Appendix A,

“Specifications.”

Figure 1-3

VoiceXtender Modem - Rear Panel

Rev. A - 8/97 2-1

CHAPTER

HAPTER 2

System Planning

This chapter contains some general planning requirements and

considerations to prepare for a quick and efficient installation of your

VoiceXtender modems, including antenna options, path analysis, and

sample applications.

Inside this chapter:

Introduction............................................................................2-2

Antenna Options....................................................................2-2

Path Analysis..........................................................................2-3

Application Examples............................................................2-8

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

System Planning

2-2 Rev. A - 8/97

Introduction

The installation procedure and effectiveness of the radio link vary depending

upon the following items:

❚Type of antenna used

❚Distances, height, and line-of-sight between the antennas

❚Distance between the modem and antenna.

The following sections provide guidelines on how to prepare for the

installation and successful operation of VoiceXtender (VX) modems, and include

examples of typical applications.

Antenna Options

VX modems can be used with omnidirectional or directional antennas. These

antennas are typically mounted on the roof of a building and are connected to

the VX modem with 50 Ohm coaxial cable.

Omnidirectional Antennas

An omnidirectional antenna is capable of transmitting or receiving signals from

all directions in a horizontal plane, with equal power in each direction. It is

similar to dropping a stone in a pool and seeing rings emanating from the center.

Refer to Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1

Omnidirectional Antenna

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

System Planning

Rev. A - 8/97 2-3

Directional Antenna

A directional antenna focuses the RF energy in a specific direction. When using

a directional antenna, it should be properly directed toward the opposite end of

the link.

NOTE In many countries, interference from cellular phones and pagers can be present in many

environments. Because these interfering signals exist in a vertical plane, an efficient

method to reduce their effect is to position the directional antenna in a horizontal plane

(horizontal polarization). The interference rejection will be 15 - 20 dB.

Figure 2-2

Yagi Directional Antenna

NOTE Antennas are described in the accessory list available from your distributor, and can be

purchased from Cylink or a Cylink distributor.

Path Analysis

Path analysis examines the direction and length of a desired line-of-sight

path, the equipment being considered, antenna gain, cable loss, and the

environmental context (terrain and climate). It also determines the projected

path loss. In situations where a clear line-of-sight path of less than five miles

exists, path analysis might not be necessary. Otherwise, it is recommended

that a path analysis be performed.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

System Planning

2-4 Rev. A - 8/97

If a complete path analysis is necessary, Cylink Customer Support can help

with the calculation as long as exact coordinates of the location are known (U.

S. only).

Determining the Fade Margin

To achieve reliable communication, the radio link must have an average

received signal level high enough to protect the link against fluctuations in the

signal power due to multipath fading and other anomalous propagation

conditions. This safety factor is referred to as the fade margin.

The fade margin is a measure of how much additional signal attenuation the

system can endure without dropping below the required Bit Error Rate (BER)

level. A fade margin of 15 dB or more is sufficient in most situations.

Use the following formula to calculate the fade margin (see Figure 2-3):

Fade Margin = GSG + GANT - LCL - LPL

where GSG is the total system gain (measured in dB), GANT is the total antenna

gain of both antennas (measured in dBi), LCL is the total connector/cable loss of

all cables (measured in dB), and LPL is the path loss (measured in dB). These

are described in more detail below.

The reliability of the link is related to the fade margin and is stated as

Availability (in percent) or annual outage time (in minutes).

Figure 2-3

Fade Margin Calculation

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

System Planning

Rev. A - 8/97 2-5

System Gain

System gain is the total gain of the radio system, without any consideration of

the antennas or cables. It is the arithmetic difference between the transmitter’s

output power and the receiver’s sensitivity threshold. System gain (GSG in the

formula) is measured in dB. To calculate the system gain, subtract the receiver

sensitivity from the transmitter power:

(Transmit Power) - (Receiver Sensitivity) = (System Gain)

For example, the system gain for the VX at maximum power is 127 dB.

(+29 dBm) - (-98 dBm) = 127 dB

Antenna Gain

Antenna gain is the measure of the antenna’s ability to focus the radio

frequency (RF) energy into a preferred direction. Antenna gain (GANT in the

formula) is measured in dBi—the ratio between the power radiated by the

antenna in a specific direction over the power radiated to that direction by an

isotropic antenna fed by the same transmitter. An isotropic antenna radiates a

signal evenly in all directions.

Refer to the antenna manufacturer’s information to determine the antenna gain

for the antenna you will be using. Some antennas are specified in dBd. This

number can be converted to dBi by adding 2 dB.

Cable/Connector Loss

A directional antenna is connected to the VX modem with a coaxial cable. The

cable loss (LCL in the formula) is measured in dB, and depends on the cable

length and the type of cable you are using. You can use any 50 ohm coaxial cable

whose loss in dB per hundred feet is low enough (3 - 15 dB) so as not to contribute

significantly to the total link loss. Quality cables with less than 7 dB loss per

hundred feet are sold by Cylink and Cylink distributors.

Free Space Path Loss

Due to reflections from the ground and other objects, the actual path loss

between the transmitting and receiving antennas might differ significantly

from the calculated path loss when both antennas are placed in a “free space”

environment. Unfortunately, the additional loss due to these effects is difficult

to calculate and requires precise knowledge of the geometry of the link and

surrounding materials which, in most cases, is not available.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

System Planning

2-6 Rev. A - 8/97

Typically, the largest contributor to “link loss” is the loss of power as the

signal travels through space. This contribution, called Free Space Path Loss,

can be easily calculated as follows: To determine the free space path loss,

determine the distance between the VX modems for your application and refer

to Table 2-1, or use the following formula:

attenuation in dB = [96. 6 + 20 LOG (distance in miles)

+ 20 LOG (frequency in GHz)]

Table 2-1

Free Space Path Loss Between Two Isotropic Radiators

Distance

(Miles) Path Loss

@ 915 MHz

(L-Band)

1 96 dB

2 102 dB

3 105 dB

4 108 dB

5 110 dB

6 111 dB

7 113 dB

8 114 dB

9 115 dB

10 116 dB

15 120 dB

20 123 dB

25 125 dB

30 126 dB

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System Planning

Rev. A - 8/97 2-7

Table 2-2

Free Space Path Loss Between Two Isotropic Radiators

Distance

(kilometers) Path Loss

@ 915 MHz

(L-Band)

1 92 dB

2 98 dB

3 101 dB

4 104 dB

5 106 dB

6 107 dB

7 109 dB

8 110 dB

9 111 dB

10 112 dB

15 115 dB

20 118 dB

25 120 dB

30 121 dB

35 123 dB

40 124 dB

50 126 dB

NOTE The calculation for attenuation using kilometers is:

attenuation in dB = [92. 4 + 20 LOG (distance in kilometers) + 20 LOG (frequency in GHz)]

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

System Planning

2-8 Rev. A - 8/97

Application Examples

VoiceXtender modems can be used in point-to-point or hub configurations. The

following subsections show typical examples of each of these applications, and

include configuration information for the modems.

For detailed information on configuration parameters and switch settings, refer

to Chapter 3, “Installation and Setup. ”

Example 1: Point-to-Point Application

In this application, a remote telephone is connected to the main Public

Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTN) network. This allows the

remote telephone to communicate with any telephone connected to the PSTN

network. As shown in Figure 2-4, the VoiceXtender provides a point-to-point

radio voice link between the remote telephone and the PSTN network.

Figure 2-4

Point-to-Point Application

You will only need to configure the parameters on each modem. The following

list describes the parameters for this particular application.

❚RF Channel: Any of the ten available channels can be used. Choose a

channel that is not being interfered with. The channel selected for master

and slave units must be the same.

(SW1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4)

❚Transmit Output Power: Typically, the minimum necessary power is

recommended for most applications. Both units in a link need not be set to

the same power level.

(SW1-5, 1-6, 1-7)

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❚Burst Synchronization Timing: The master and slave are both configured

for internal burst synchronization.

(SW1-8 ON)

❚Phone/Line: The switch must indicate which AirLink modem is connected

to the phone and which modem is connected to the line. In this example,

Unit A would be set to Phone and Unit B would be set to Line.

(SW2-1)

❚Master/Slave: One AirLink modem must be specified as a master and one as

a slave.

(SW2-2)

❚Sleep/Normal: Set both modems to Normal.

(SW2-3 OFF)

❚Pseudo-Random Noise Sequence: Specify the same pseudo-random noise

(PN) sequence on both AirLinks. PN sequence numbers range from 1 to 8.

(SW2-6, 2-7, 2-8)

Example 2: Point-to-Point Intercom Application

In this application, two telephones are connected in an intercom configuration.

In this configuration, when either phone is taken off-hook, the other telephone

will ring. The two telephones can only communicate with each other, and are

not connected to any networks. As shown in Figure 2-5, VoiceXtender modems

are used to provide a point-to-point radio voice intercom link between the two

telephones.

Figure 2-5

Point-to-Point Intercom Application

You only need to configure the parameters on each modem. The following list

describes the parameters for this particular application.

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2-10 Rev. A - 8/97

❚RF Channel: For the VoiceXtender, any of the ten available channels can

be used. Choose a channel that is not being interfered with. The channel

selected for master and slave units must be the same.

(SW1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4)

❚Transmit Output Power: The minimum required power is typically

recommended for most applications. Both units in a link need not be set to

the same power level.

(SW1-5, 1-6, 1-7)

❚Burst Synchronization Timing: The master and slave are both configured

for internal burst synchronization.

(SW1-8 ON)

❚Phone/Line: The switch must be set to the Phone position on both AirLink

modems.

(SW2-1 OFF)

❚Master/Slave: One modem must be specified as a master and one as a slave.

(SW2-2)

❚Sleep/Normal: Set both modems to Normal.

(SW2-3 OFF)

❚Pseudo-Random Noise Sequence: Specify the same pseudo-random noise

(PN) sequence on both modems. PN sequence numbers range from 1 to 8.

(SW2-6, 2-7, 2-8)

Example 3: Hub Application

In this application, several telephones are connected to the switch or centrex in

the same building. As shown in Figure 2-6, VoiceXtender modems are used in a

hub configuration. Because the telephones and switch are located in the same

building, the low-gain omnidirectional antenna provided with the unit can be

used. No path analysis is required with an omnidirectional antenna and short

distances.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

System Planning

Rev. A - 8/97 2-11

Figure 2-6

Hub Application

You need to configure each modem. The following list describes the parameters

for this particular application.

❚RF Channel: Each AirLink modem pair is assigned a unique channel to

avoid interference. In this example, channels 1, 3, and 5 are recommended.

(SW1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4)

❚Transmit Output Power: Typically, the minimum required power is

recommended for most applications. However, the transmit power for the

slave modems must be set to minimize the adjacent channel interference at

the hub units.

(SW1-5, 1-6, 1-7)

❚Burst Synchronization Timing: In a hub configuration where there are

multiple modem pairs, it is critical that all the master modems transmit

and receive at the same time to minimize inter-channel interference.

In this case, one modem (the synchronizing unit) is configured for internal

burst timing. All other master modems (the synchronized units) are

configured for external burst timing and synchronize their transmit bursts to

the signal from the synchronizing master. The slave modems are configured

for internal burst timing and derive their burst synchronization from their

received RF signal.

(SW1-8)

❚Phone/Line: On the master modems, the Phone/Line switch must be set to

the Line position. On the slave modems, the Phone/Line switch must be set

to the Phone position.

(SW2-1)

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

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2-12 Rev. A - 8/97

❚Master/Slave: The modems connected to the switch or centrex (all in one

location) are configured as masters, and the modems connected to the

telephones are configured as slaves.

(SW2-2)

❚Sleep/Normal: Set all modems to Normal.

(SW2-3 OFF)

❚Pseudo-Random Noise Sequence: For each modem pair, specify a unique

pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence to help separate adjacent channels. In

this example, channel 1 uses PN sequence 1, channel 3 uses PN sequence 2,

and channel 5 uses PN sequence 3.

(SW2-6, 2-7, 2-8)

NOTE VoiceXtender modems can be burst synchronized with other VoiceXtender VX64modems

and with AirLink model 64MP, 128 and 256 data modems. If VX64 modems are burst

synchronized with data modems, one of the data modems must be configured as the

synchronizing unit.

Rev. A - 8/97 3-1

CHAPTER

HAPTER 3

Installation and Setup

This chapter contains information on how to install, configure, and

cable your VoiceXtender modem. The procedures and descriptions in

this chapter assume you have read Chapter 2, “System Planning.”

Inside this chapter:

System Setup........................................................................3-2

Switch Settings....................................................................3-2

Cabling the Modem................................................................3-6

System Startup..................................................................3-10

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

3-2 Rev. A - 8/97

System Setup

Ensure that each shipping container includes these items:

❚One AirLink VoiceXtender modem

❚One external power supply with cord

❚Omnidirectional antenna

❚RJ11 cables

❚This document.

Depending on your specific application, you may need to purchase the following

additional items from Cylink or your distributor to install the modem at your

site.

❚For hub applications, a coaxial cable (RG-58 is recommended) and BNC

“Tee” connectors to connect the modems designated as synchronizing and

synchronized units.

❚A high-gain omnidirectional or directional antenna, and coaxial cable

to connect the antenna to the modem

NOTE Save the shipping cartons and packing materials. You will need the carton and materials if

you ever need to ship the equipment elsewhere.

Check the materials against the packing list to make sure that you have

received everything. If something is missing or if you discover shipping

damage, contact your distributor.

Switch Settings

The modem is configured through two configuration switches (each with a block

of eight ON/OFF switches) located at the rear of the modem.

NOTE A label showing the configuration switch settings is attached to the bottom of the modem.

The label provides a quick reference of the switch settings. .

To set the switch to the “ON” position, push the switch up, toward the top

cover of the modem. To set the switch to the “OFF” position, push the switch

down, toward the bottom of the modem.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

Rev. A - 8/97 3-3

NOTE Settings not specified on this chart are reserved for future use, and should not be used.

To assist you in setting the configuration switches, use the Switch Configuration

Worksheets provided in Appendix B to record the appropriate settings for your

application.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

3-4 Rev. A - 8/97

VoiceXtender Switch Settings

Figure 3-1

AirLink VoiceXtender VX64 Switch Settings

VoiceXtender Switch Parameters

RF Channel Switches (SW1-1 through SW1-4)

These switches set the center frequency of each RF channel used by the modem.

The frequency ranges from 902 to 928 MHz and is divided into ten channels. The

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

Rev. A - 8/97 3-5

center frequency assigned to each channel has been chosen to provide the

greatest flexibility of use. The VoiceXtender VX64 modem requires a segment of

bandwidth that is only one channel wide. Therefore, all nine channels are

available for voice applications.

Each modem used in a “logical” application (e.g., the master and slave units of

a single point-to-point link) must be configured with the same channel.

Transmit Output Power Switches (SW1-5 through SW1-7)

These switches set the power level for the VX modem. The transmit level you

select depends on local regulations and your application; however, the

minimum required power normally is recommended for most applications.

Depending upon the application, the setting selected as the transmit output

power is also used to determine the system gain. For more information, refer to

Path Analysis in Chapter 2, “System Planning.”

Burst Synchronization Timing Switch (SW1-8)

This switch sets the timing used to synchronize the communication between

modems - either Internal Burst Timing or External Burst Timing.

When an modem pair operates independently (point-to-point application), the

slave and master modems are configured for internal burst timing. (Slave units

are always configured for internal burst timing.)

In a hub configuration where there is more than one modem pair, it is critical

that all the modems transmit and receive at the same time to minimize inter-

channel interference. In this case, the synchronizing modem is configured for

internal burst timing and the synchronized modems are configured for external

burst timing. The burst synchronization signal is derived from the transmit

clock source of the synchronizing modem through the sync connection.

See the hub configuration is illustrated in Chapter 2, “System Planning.”

NOTE VoiceXtender modems can be burst synchronized with other VoiceXtender modems and

with model 64MP, 128 and 256 AirLink data modems. If VoiceXtender modems are burst

synchronized with AirLink data modems, one of the data modems must be configured as

the synchronizing unit.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

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3-6 Rev. A - 8/97

Phone/Line Switch (SW2-1)

This switch sets the modem connection to the phone or the line. When the

modem is set for Phone, it provides a standard ring current to ring the phone.

(The current is sufficient to ring at least five phones.)

Master/Slave Switch (SW2-2)

This switch sets the modem to be a master unit or slave unit. One modem in the

pair must be the master and the other modem must be the slave. The master

modem transmits continuous bursts while the slave transmits only in response to

the master as long as the slave’s RTS is activated.

Sleep/Normal Mode Switch (SW2-3)

This switch sets the modem’s communication status. When set to Normal mode,

the modems can communicate and the green SYNC light will be illuminated.

When set to Sleep mode, the green SYNC light is off and the modems cannot

communicate until the switch is returned to the Normal (OFF) position.

Pseudo-Random Noise Sequence Switches (SW2-6 through SW2-8)

These switches set the pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence (1 through 8) for the

modem. This is the bit sequence that actually spreads the spectrum.

The modem pair (the master and slave) must be configured for the same PN

sequence. Different PN sequences are used to reduce inter-channel and co-

channel interference between modem pairs. All PN codes are equally effective.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

Rev. A - 8/97 3-7

Cabling the Modem

How the modem is cabled depends on your application. Use the guidelines in

the following subsections to assist you in cabling the modem.

Before cabling the modem, ensure that the configuration switches (described in

the previous sub-section) are set correctly for each modem.

Installing the Antenna

As shown in Figure 3-2, the antenna is connected to the rear of the modem

through the antenna connector (labeled ANT).

CAUTION When testing the radios prior to installation, do not connect the antenna connector of one

radio to the antenna connector of another radio. Doing so can cause severe damage to

the receiver.

Figure 3-2

Connecting a Low-Gain Omnidirectional Antenna

When using a high-gain omnidirectional or directional antenna, a coaxial cable

is used to connect the antenna to the modem. For more information on antenna

installation, refer to “Antenna Alignment” in this chapter and the

manufacturer’s documentation that accompanies the antenna.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

3-8 Rev. A - 8/97

System Grounding

Direct grounding of the antenna, mast, and tower provides some protection

against lightning strikes and static buildup. A direct electrical connection

should be made to a suitable grounding rod at the base of the tower or mast using

at least #10 AWG ground wire, or its equivalent, and non-corrosive hardware.

For details and safety standards, consult the appropriate electrical code or a

similar document. Use lightning arrestors in appropriate places.

Connecting the Line/Phone Interface

The RJ11-type modular connector (labeled RJ11 on the modem) is provided to

connect your phone or the line from the network (Figure 3-3).

The slave modem typically is connected to the phone and the master modem is

connected to the line because in a hub configuration the master modems must be

centrally located for burst synchronization. It is possible, however, that

several master modems connected to a combination of phones or lines can also be

hub configured, as long as they are co-located.

The switch settings determine whether the connector is used for a phone or a

line. Ensure that the switch settings correspond to the correct cabling for the

line and phone.

Figure 3-3

Connecting the Line and Phone Interface

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

Rev. A - 8/97 3-9

For an intercom application (private line), connect only the phones to the

master and slave modems. When you pick up one phone, the modem

automatically rings the other phone (you will hear a clicking sound on your

phone that indicates that the other end is ringing).

Signal assignments for the RJ11 can be found in Appendix A, ”Specifications.”

Cabling a Hub Application

If you have a hub application where more than one pair of AirLink modems is

required, you must cable the co-located modems together with a coaxial cable so

that all the modems transmit and receive synchronously.

Cable the Burst Sync connector (labeled SYNC on the modem) of the

synchronizing modem to the Burst Sync port of the synchronized master modem

(see Figure 3-4). When connecting more than one synchronized master modem,

attach BNC “Tee” adapters to the Burst Sync connector of all but the last of the

downstream master modems. For most applications, up to 20 meters total of

cable can be used between AirLink modems and up to 16 master modems can be

connected.

NOTE Ensure that all cable connections are secure.

VoiceXtender modems can be burst synchronized with other VoiceXtender modems and

with model 64MP, 128 and 256 AirLink data modems. If VoiceXtender modems are burst

synchronized with AirLink data modems, one of the data modems must be configured as

the synchronizing unit.

Figure 3-4

Burst Synchronization Cabling

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

3-10 Rev. A - 8/97

NOTE Burst synchronizing cable and tee connectors are available from Cylink and Cylink

distributors. RG-58 coaxial cable is recommended.

Connecting the Power

The VX uses an external power supply that is provided with the modem (Figure

3-5). To apply power to the modem, plug the five-pin DIN connector of the

power supply cable into the modem (labeled POWER). Next, plug the AC

power cord into the power supply, then into the grounded electrical outlet.

Connect the ground stud on the back of the modem to the radio system ground.

WARNING To avoid the danger of electrical shock or power loss, ensure that the power cord is

securely seated in the receptacle on the modem. This equipment is designed to work with

electrically grounded systems. The product’s AC power cord ends in a three-pole

grounding plug. Do not use a three-pole to two-pole adapter with the plug.

Verify that the outlet you intend to use is properly installed and grounded; the outlet used

must comply with the local electrical code for the country it is installed in. To ensure your

safety, only connect the power cable to a properly grounded outlet.

Pin assignments for the DIN connector can be found in Appendix A,

“Specifications.”

Figure 3-5

Connecting the Power

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

Rev. A - 8/97 3-11

NOTE DC power supplies are available from Cylink or Cylink distributors.

System Startup

After configuring and cabling the modems (master and slave), the green

POWER indicator on the front of the modem will be illuminated. If the

POWER indicator is not on, ensure that the connection is secure.

If the modems are communicating, the SYNC indicator on the front of each

modem will be illuminated. If the SYNC indicator is not illuminated, it is

possible that the fade margin was not accurately determined or the antennas

are not properly aligned. See the following section about properly aligning the

antennas.

Directional Antenna Alignment

To ensure that the modems are operating optimally when directional antennas

are used, it is important that the antennas are aligned properly. Coarsely align

the antenna to ensure that you are on the peak of the main lobe, then fine tune

the alignment. In addition to physically adjusting the direction of the antenna,

you might need to adjust the transmit power level, using the configuration

switches on the unit.

To align the antenna, use the following two procedures and refer to the flow

chart shown in Figure 3-6.

Procedures to Coarsely Align the Antenna

The first step in the antenna alignment process is to coarsely align the antenna

on each unit using the following steps:

1. With the configuration switch located on the rear of the modem, set the

Transmit Level to full power on both modems.

See the Switch Configuration section in this chapter for more details.

2. Move each antenna until the SYNC indicator on the modem is illuminated.

When the SYNC indicator is illuminated, it indicates that the link is

established; however, the antenna can be aligned on a side lobe rather than

the main lobe.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

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3-12 Rev. A - 8/97

Procedures for Fine Tuning the Antenna Alignment

The second step in the antenna alignment process is to fine tune the antenna to

ensure that the link is operating at the center of the main lobe. To fine tune the

antenna alignment, systematically adjust the transmit power by using the

following steps:

1. Set the master modem Transmit Level to 1 milliwatt.

The link will go down, and the SYNC indicator will go out. The slave

modem should still be at full power.

2. Increment the Transmit Level on the master modem, then slowly rotate the

antenna to attempt to illuminate the SYNC indicator on the slave.

Continue to cycle through the Transmit Levels and rotate the antenna at

each cycle until the SYNC indicator is illuminated.

When the SYNC indicator is illuminated, it indicates that the antenna is

correctly aligned on the main lobe.

3. Once the SYNC indicator is illuminated, note the Transmit Level, and

repeat steps 1 and 2 on the other modem.

4. Once both antennas have been finely tuned, the effective fade margin can be

calculated using the ratio of full power to the minimum power necessary to

illuminate the SYNC indicator.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

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Rev. A - 8/97 3-13

Figure 3-6

Antenna Alignment Flow Chart

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Installation and Setup

3-14 Rev. A - 8/97

Adjusting the Audio Receive Level

The audio and listening volume of a telephone (or line) connected to the

VoiceXtender modem can be adjusted using the Audio Receive Level control on

the bottom of the AirLink modem (see Figure 3-7).

Figure 3-7

Volume Adjustment

Using a small blade-type screwdriver, turn the control clockwise to increase the

level, or counter-clockwise to decrease it.

NOTE This adjustment is completely independent of the RF system and does not affect the

transmit power level.

Rev. A - 8/97 4-1

CHAPTER

HAPTER 4

Troubleshooting

This chapter contains information on solving possible operational

problems when using VoiceXtender modems.

Inside this chapter:

Operational Problems..........................................................4-2

Maintenance............................................................................4-3

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Troubleshooting

4-2 Rev. A - 8/97

Operational Problems

Following are some possible operational problems you might encounter when

using the modem. If you encounter any of these problems, we recommend going

through the following check list to resolve the problem before contacting

Cylink Customer Support.

The primary tool used to troubleshoot the modem is the SYNC indicator on the

front panel of the modem.

SYNC INDICATOR is OFF, and was never ON before

❚Is the POWER light ON? Verify correct input power.

❚Are both modems set to the same channel?

❚Are both units set to the same PN code?

❚Is the burst timing switch in the correct position?

❚Is the master/slave switch in the correct position?

❚Check cable connections.

❚Check antenna connection and alignment.

SYNC INDICATOR is OFF, but was ON before

❚Is the POWER light ON? Verify correct input power.

❚Check switch settings. Have they been changed?

❚Check the cable connections.

❚Check antenna connection and alignment.

SYNC INDICATOR is ON, but there is no voice transmission

❚Check phone and line connections.

❚Check that audio level control is not turned completely down.

AUDIO VOLUME is too low.

❚Adjust audio receive level on the bottom of the modem.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Troubleshooting

Rev. A - 8/97 4-3

Maintenance

When cleaning the unit, use a soft, moist, lint-free cloth. DO NOT USE

abrasive or chemical cleaners. Cylink will perform any other necessary

maintenance, including component replacements and internal adjustments.

Rev. A - 8/97 A-1

APPENDIX

PPENDIX A

Specifications

This appendix contains the specifications for VoiceXtender modems.

Inside this appendix:

General Specifications........................................................A-2

Interface Specifications.....................................................A-7

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Specifications

A-2 Rev. A - 8/97

General Specifications

Table A-1

General Specifications

General

Operates as a cordless phone or as an intercom.

2-wire loop start signaling

Cordless phone: FXO (Interfacing phone), FXS (Interfacing line)

(see Tables A-2 and A-3.)

Intercom: Both units set FXO (Interfacing phone)

(see Table A-2.)

Operates with standard DTMF (EIA-470) phones

600 Ohm termination impedance, tolerance ± 5%

End to End SINAD of 30-36 dB over the voice band (200-3400 Hz)

End to End Audio Loss/Gain: Adjustable to maximum of + 3 dB

Audio muting during link fades

DTMF Address Signaling (Dial Pulse optional)

Meets FCC Part 68 Compliance

Table A-2

FXO Specifications

FXO (Interfacing Phone) Signaling

Battery feed circuitry maintains loop current of 16 mA into maximum of 1.0 kilohm Loop

resistance (this includes phone load). Maximum Feed Current 100 mA

Rings maximum of 5 REN-B Loads.

Ring signal is a filtered squarewave with nominal voltage 86Vp and nominal frequency 20

Hz.

Ring cadence of 2 sec ON and 4 sec OFF

Ring tripping in less than 200 msec

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

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Rev. A - 8/97 A-3

Table A-3

FXS Specifications

FXS (Interfacing Line) Signaling

Maximum Holding current of 100 mA without audio distortion

Detects ring signals of 40 - 110 Vrms @ 17-34 Hz

Ringer equivalence (REN): 0.3A (U.S.)

Load Number: 7 (Canada)

Table A-4

Physical and Environmental Specifications

Parameter Specification

Dimensions Height 2.125 inches (55 mm)

Width 8.5 inches (215 mm)

Depth 10.5 inches (265 mm)

Weight 4 pounds (2 kg)

Construction Aluminum outer housing and inner chassis

User Interface Front Panel indicators

POWER: Power On/Off

SYNC: Radio Link OK/Down

Rear Panel

External Switches for configuration

Operating Temperature -34° to 74° C

Storage Temperature -40° to 80° C

Relative Humidity Up to 95% non condensing

Shock and Vibration NSTA Project 2A compliant

Table A-5

Connector Specifications

Parameter Specification

Antenna Connector N-Type (female)

Burst Synchronization Connector BNC (female), used for Hub Synchronization

Phone/Line Connector RJ11-type, 6-position modular jack

Power Connector 5-pin DIN Connector (female)

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Specifications

A-4 Rev. A - 8/97

Table A-6

Power Specifications

Parameter Specification

External AC Power Supply:

Input

Power Cable

Output

Dimensions

Weight

100-250 VAC @ 50/60 Hz, 0.3-0.7A

According to model ordered

+5, ± 12 VDC, cable terminated with 5-pin male DIN

Connector

Height 2.00 inches (50.8 mm)

Width 3.40 inches (86.4 mm)

Length 5.87 inches (149.1 mm)

1.3 pounds (.6 kg)

Maximum Power Consumption:

(power supply plus AirLink) AC Power Supply - 23 Watts

DC Power Supply - 21 Watts

Table A-7

User Interface Configuration Switches

(See Chapter 3, “Installation and Setup” for details.)

Switch Setting

SW1-1 through SW1-4 Radio Frequency Channel

SW1-5 through SW1-7 Transmit Output Power

SW1-8 Internal Burst Timing or External Burst Timing

SW2-1 Phone or Line

SW2-2 Master Unit or Slave Unit

SW2-3 Sleep Mode or Normal Mode

SW2-4 and SW2-5 Not Used

SW2-6 through SW2-8 PN Sequence

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Specifications

Rev. A - 8/97 A-5

Table A-8

General Radio Frequency Specifications

Parameter Specification

Frequency Range 902 - 928 MHz

Radio Technology Spread Spectrum using Direct Sequence

PN Sequence Length 32 bits

Modulation Technique Bi-Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Non-Coherent

Receiver

Channel Bandwidth 5.1 MHz

Transmission Delay 5.1 msec

Sync Word Length 16 bits

Processing Gain 12 dB

System Gain

(not including antenna gain) 127 dB

Transmission Distance Up to ~10 miles with 2 Yagi directional antennas and

a direct line-of-sight.

Table A-9

Transmitter Specifications

Parameter Specification

Number of RF Channels (switch

selectable) 10 ( all non-overlapping)

Frequency Source Synthesized

Bandwidth 2.6 MHz

Carrier Frequency Stability ± 10 ppm

Output Power (switch selectable)

Tolerance

29 dBm (800 mW) maximum with

29 dB of dynamic range

± 1dB over all RF channels

± 1 dB from 0 to 50° C

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Specifications

A-6 Rev. A - 8/97

Table A-10

RF Channel Frequencies - AirLink VoiceXtender VX64

Channel Number Frequency (MHz)

1904.600

2 907.199

3 909.799

4 912.398

5 914.998

6 917.597

7 920.196

8 922.796

9 925.395

Table A-11

Receiver Specifications

Parameter Specification

Acquisition Time during preamble bits

Noise Figure 5 dB maximum

Receive Sensitivity -98 dBm (@ SINAD 30-36 dB over 200-3400 Hz)

Receive Overload Threshold > -10 dBm

C/I (Carrier Over Interference)

Tolerance 0 dB*

*This number is an average value for 9 uniformly spaced discrete frequencies in

the band defined by: fc - fchip to fc + fchip where fchip is 2.56 Mbps.

CAUTION When testing the radios prior to installation, do not connect the antenna connector of one

radio to the antenna connector of another radio. Doing so can cause severe damage to

the receiver.

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Specifications

Rev. A - 8/97 A-7

Interface Specifications

Figure A-1

Rear Panel RJ11-Type Modular Jack

Figure A-2

Rear Panel Power Input Connector (Female DIN)

Rev. A- 8/97 B-1

APPENDIX

PPENDIX B

Worksheet

This appendix contains a Configuration Worksheet to use to record the

configuration settings for your modems. Before installing and

configuring the modem, read Chapter 2, “System Planning.”

Inside this Appendix:

Configuration Worksheet...................................................B-2

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Worksheets

B-2 Rev. A- 8/97

VX Switch Configuration Worksheet

ID/Name: Serial Number:

Location: Antenna Type:

SWITCH PARAMETERS VALUES SETTING

SW1-1 through SW1-4 RF Channel (MHz) 1 2 3 4

1(904.600) ON ON ON ON

2 (907.199) ON ON ON OFF

3 (909.799) ON ON OFF ON

4 (913.398) ON ON OFF OFF

5 (914.998) ON OFF ON ON

6 (917.597) ON OFF ON OFF

7 (920.196) ON OFF OFF ON

8 (922.796) ON OFF OFF OFF

9 (925.395) OFF ON ON ON

SW1-5 through SW1-7 Transmit Power (milliwatts) 5 6 7

1(0 dBm) OFF OFF OFF

3 (5 dBm) OFF OFF ON

10(10 dBm) OFF ON OFF

32(15 dBm) OFF ON ON

100(20 dBm) ON OFF OFF

250(24 dBm) ON OFF ON

500(27 dBm ON ON OFF

800(29 dBm) ON ON ON

SW1-8 Burst

Synchronization

Timing

Internal Burst Timing ON

External Burst Timing OFF

SW2-1 Line/Phone 1

Line ON

Phone OFF

SW2-2 Master/Slave Unit 2

Slave Unit ON

Master Unit OFF

SW2-3 Normal/Sleep

Mode 3

Sleep ON

Normal OFF

SW2-4 and

SW2-5 Reserved N/A N/A

SW2-6 and

SW2-8 PN Sequence 6 7 8

1OFF OFF OFF

2 OFF OFF ON

3 OFF ON OFF

4 OFF ON ON

5 ON OFF OFF

6 ON OFF ON

7 ON ON OFF

8 ON ON ON

Rev. A - 8/97 C-1

APPENDIX

PPENDIX C

Glossary

This appendix contains an alphabetical list and description of technical

terms used in this document.

AirLink VoiceXtender VX64 Modem Installer’s Guide

Glossary

C-2 Rev. A - 8/97

Antenna A transmitting or receiving device for radiated waves. The

antenna acts as a form of matching transformer for waves along a

line and waves in space so that the maximum transfer of energy

can be achieved.

Antenna Gain Antenna gain is a measure of the efficiency of an antenna

compared with the efficiency of a standard reference antenna.

The efficiency is measured in terms of the power radiated or

received in a given direction as compared with the standard

under the same conditions.

Asynchronous Data

Transmission The transmission of data in which each character is a self-

contained unit with its own start and stop bits and intervals

between characters may be uneven.

Bit Error Rate (BER) The measure of the frequency of errors in a digital transmission.

Burst Timing A form of timing in which the receiving device is synchronized to

the transmitting device by receiving bursts of data.

Cable Loss The amount of signal attenuation (loss) for a particular type of

cable of a given length.

Channel A specified frequency slot within the specified frequency band

used for transmission.

DCE Data Circuit Equipment—a communications device that

establishes, maintains, and terminates a session on a network.

DTE Data Terminating Equipment—a communications device that is

the source or destination of signals on a network.

Fade Margin The measure of how much signal attenuation the system can

endure without dropping below the minimum desired BER level.

Free Space Path Loss The loss of power of a radiated signal as it travels through space.

Full Duplex Transmission in two directions simultaneously.

Half Duplex A circuit designed for data transmission in both directions, but not

at the same time.

Handshake Signal The series of signals between a computer and another peripheral

device (for example, a modem) that establishes the parameters

required for passing data.

AirLink VoiceXtender VX64 Modem Installer’s Guide

Glossary

Rev. A - 8/97 C-3

Hub Configuration A system configuration in which several master AirLinks and

terminals are co-located. Usually, one acts as the synchronizing

modem to the others at the site.

Indicator A device that emits a visible light on the front of the AirLink

modem.

Line-of-Sight An unobstructed view from the transmit antenna to the receive

antenna.

Master Modem The master modem is the modem which controls the slave

modem. The master modem always transmits the initial burst to

which the slave modem must respond. The master modem is the

only modem capable of initiating any activity on its own.

Modem An acronym for MOdulator - DEModulator. A device used to

convert digital signals into a form suitable for long distance

transmission, and to reconvert received signals.

Omnidirectional Antenna An antenna with a radiation pattern that is the same in all

horizontal directions.

Over Sampling The process of sampling a signal at a higher than the minimum

acceptable rate to ensure greater accuracy.

Overlapping Channels A situation in which the operating channel frequency bandwidth

of one transmitting device shares part of the frequency

bandwidth of another transmitting device.

Path Loss The total amount of radio signal attenuation (loss) between the

transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; the sum of

attenuation caused by obstacles located in the path and the free

space path loss.

Point-to-Point

Configuration A system configuration in which only one master modem

communicates with its one slave modem between the two sites.

Point-to-Multipoint

Configuration A system configuration in which one master modem communicates

with one or more slave modem.

Pseudo-Random Noise

Sequence An operation in which a random stream of data bits is generated

within limited parameters. The stream (sequence) is typically

used for encoding data for communication.

Receiver Sensitivity The measure of the ability of a receiver to differentiate between

the selected signal and background noise for a specific

performance.

AirLink VoiceXtender VX64 Modem Installer’s Guide

Glossary

C-4 Rev. A - 8/97

REN Ringer Equivalent Number. Older model phones typically have

a REN=1. Some electronic phones and other devices have a lower

REN.

RF Radio Frequency. Electromagnetic waves propagated without

guide (wire or cable) in free space.

Send Timing A timing mode where the transmit timing is provided internally

by the modem.

Simplex Operating a channel in one direction only with no ability to

operate in the other direction.

Slave Modem The slave modem is the modem which is under control of the

master modem. The slave modem always transmits a burst in

reaction to a received burst from the master modem. The slave

modem is incapable of initiating any activity of its own.

Synchronous Data

Transmission The transmission of data in which both stations are

synchronized. Timing codes are sent from the transmitting station

to the receiving station to establish the synchronization. The

data is then transmitted in continuous streams.

System Gain The overall signal gain from input to output of a device or several

devices connected as a system.

Terminal Timing A timing mode where the transmit timing is provided to the

modem via an externally wired path. Generally, this path is a

loop through the DTE.

Transmitter Output Power The amount of transmitted signal strength measured at the

antenna post of the modem.

Rev. A - 8/97 Index-1

Index

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Index

Index-2 Rev. A - 8/97

additional signal attenuation 2-4

anomalous propagation conditions 2-4

antenna alignment 3-6, 3-10-11

antenna C-2

antenna gain 2-5, C-2

antenna installation 3-6

antenna options 2-1, 2-2

antenna type 2-2

application examples 2-8

asynchronous data transmission C-2

audio volume 4-2

bandwidth 3-4

BER (Bit Error Rate) level 2-4, C-2

BNC “Tee” adapters 3-8

BNC “Tee” connectors1-5, 3-2

Burst Sync connector 3-8

burst synchronization 2-12, 3-7

burst synchronization signal (SYNC) 1-5

burst synchronization timing, 2-9, 2-11, 3-4,

C-2 C

cable loss 2-4, C-2

Caller Number Delivery Signaling 1-3

centrex 1-3, 2-11

channel C-2

coaxial cable 2-5

communication status 3-5

configuration switches 1-5, A-4, 3-2, 3-3,

3-10

Connecting the Line/Phone Interface 3-7

Connecting the Power 3-9

connector loss 2-4

connector specifications A-3

Cylink Customer Support xiii

DC Power Supply A-4

DCE C-2

dimensions A-3

DIN connector 3-9, A-7

directional antennas 1-3, 3-2

distances 2-2

DTE C-2

effectiveness 2-2

environmental context 2-3

environmental specifications A-3

external power supply 3-9

external burst timing 2-12, 3-4

fade margin 2-4, C-2

fade margin calculation 2-4

features 1-1, 1-3

female DIN connector 1-5

foreign exchange office 1-3

foreign exchange station 1-3

Free Space Path Loss-Metric, 2-7

Free Space Path Loss-Mileage, 2-6, C-2

front panel description 1-4

full duplex C-2

FXO 1-3, A-2

FXS 1-3, A-2, A-3

general planning requirements 2-1

general specifications A-2

Glossary C-1

half duplex C-2

handshake signal C-2

high-gain omnidirectional or directional

antenna 3-6

hub application 2-10, 3-8

hub configuration 1-3, 1-5, 2-8, 2-11, 3-7, C-2

indicator C-3

installation 2-1, 2-2, 3-1

Installer’s Guide 3-2

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Index

Rev. A - 8/97 Index-3

Installing the Antenna 3-6

intercom application 2-10, 3-7

intercom configuration 2-10

interface specifications A-7

Internal Burst Timing 3-4

internal burst synchronization 2-9

Introduction to the VoiceXtender 1-1

isotropic antenna 2-5

line-of-sight 2-2, C-3

loop-start signaling 1-3

main lobe 3-10, 3-11

maintenance 4-3

master modem C-3

master/slave 2-9, 2-10, 2-12, 3-5

modem C-3

modem cabling 3-6

multipath fading 2-4

Normal mode 3-5

off-hook 2-10

omnidirectional antenna 2-2, 2-11, 3-2, C-3

on-premises switch 1-3

operating frequency 1-3

operational problems 4-2

output power 1-3

over sampling C-3

overlapping channels C-3

overview 1-1

parameters 2-10, 2-11

path analysis 2-1

path loss 2-4, C-3

phone/line 2-9, 2-10, 2-12, 3-5

physical specifications A-3

pin assignments 3-9

PN sequence 2-11, 2-12, 3-5

point-to-point applications 1-3, 2-8, 3-4

point-to-point configuration 2-8, C-3

point-to-point radio voice intercom link

2-10

point-to-point radio voice link 2-8

POWER Indicator 1-4, 3-10

power specifications A-4

power supply 3-2, 3-9

product overview 1-2

pseudo-random noise sequence 2-9, 2-11,

2-12, 3-5, C-3

Public Switched Telecommunications

Network (PSTN) network 2-8

Radio Frequency specifications A-5

radio synchronization 1-3

rear panel description 1-5

receiver sensitivity C-3

receiver specifications A-6

remote telephone 2-8

REN C-3

repeater application 1-5

RF C-4

RF Channel 2-8, 2-10, 2-11, 3-4

RF Channel Frequencies A-6

RJ11 cables 3-2

RJ11-type modular jack 1-5, A-7, 3-7

sample applications 2-1

send timing C-4

shipping container 3-2

side lobe 3-10

Signal assignments 3-7

simplex C-4

slave modem C-4

Sleep mode 3-5

sleep/normal 2-9, 2-11, 2-12, 3-5

specifications A-1

spread spectrum technology 1-2

standard ring current 3-5

standard telephone 1-3

Switch Configuration Worksheets 3-3

VoiceXtender Modem Installer’s Guide

Index

Index-4 Rev. A - 1/96

Switch Parameters 3-4

Switch Settings 3-2, 3-3

SYNC indicator 1-4, 3-10, 3-11, 4-2

SYNC light 3-5

synchronized modems 3-4

synchronizing master 2-12

synchronizing modem 3-4

synchronous data transmission C-4

System Setup 3-2

System Startup 3-10

system gain 2-5, C-4

System Grounding 3-7

system planning 2-1

temperature A-3

terminal timing C-4

otal antenna gain of both antennas

(measured in dBi), 2-4

total connector/cable loss of all cables

(measured in dB),2- 4

transmit output power 2-8, 2-10, 2-11, 3-4,

3-10, C-4

transmitter specifications A-5

type of antenna 2-2

VX modem 3-2

voice connectivity 1-2

voice modem-CODEX connection 1-3

weight A-3

wireless solution 1-2

worksheet B-2

your distributor 3-2

Wave Wireless VOICEXTENDER User Manual VX Manual

Wave Wireless Corporation VX Manual

VX Manual

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