Wavetronix SS105V SMARTSENSOR 105 User Manual 2

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Part II
Using SmartSensor Manager
CHAPTER 3 - Getting Started with SmartSensor Manager
CHAPTER 4 - Communication
CHAPTER 5 - Sensor Settings
CHAPTER 6 - Lane Setup
CHAPTER 7 - Data Collection
CHAPTER 8 - Tools
CHAPTER 9 - Contact Closure Communications
Getting Started with SmartSensor Manager
In this Chapter
„„ Installing SmartSensor Manager
„„ About Screen
„„ Table of Contents
After the SmartSensor is installed, it must be configured to the roadway for
proper operation. The SmartSensor Manager (SSM) software is used to perform
this configuration.
SmartSensor Manager brings increased user-friendliness and improved
functionality to the ITS industry’s only patented auto-configuration and autocalibration process. The new features found in SmartSensor Manager 2.2.8
include a redesigned New Connection page, a reorganized menu bar with new
options, and expanded help capabilities to assist you in navigating SmartSensor
Manager and performing basic operations.
Installing SmartSensor Manager
Follow these steps to install SSM on a PC:
To download the install file, go to the Wavetronix website at www.
wavetronix.com.
Click the Support link near the top of the page. This will bring up a page
with icons from the three different Wavetronix product lines.
Click the SmartSensor icon. This will bring up drop-down menus allowing
you to select a product by name or part number.
Select SmartSensor 105 or WX-SS-105. A list of links will appear.
Select the SmartSensor Manager link (it will be near the top) to download
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CHAPTER 3 o GETTING STARTED WITH SMARTSENSOR MANAGER
the SSM install file.
A File Download window will pop up. Click Save.
In the Save As window, select where you would like the file to be saved,
then click Save.
Once you’ve downloaded the file, double-click on it to open SmartSensor
Manager.
About Screen
To access information about the version of SmartSensor Manager you are using,
as well as copyright information, go to Help>About SmartSensor Manager (see
Figure 3.1).
Figure 3.1 – About SmartSensor Manager
Note
The newest version of SSM is always available on the Wavetronix website.
Table of Contents
This user guide presents the features of SmartSensor Manager in the order that
they should be used when setting up and using your sensor. If you’d like to
access information about features organized according to the way the software is
laid out, however, you can use the Table of Contents feature.
To access the Table of Contents, go to Help>Table of Contents. This will open
the Table of Contents, which is a list of help subjects organized according to the
layout of the SSM menu bar. The list is divided into the following three columns
(see Figure 3.2):
CHAPTER 3 o GETTING STARTED WITH SMARTSENSOR MANAGER
Figure 3.2 – Table of Contents Page
„„ Topic – Lists the available topics according to the setup of the software.
„„ Availability – Shows whether the information is available. If it is available,
„„
this column will show a Y. If it is not, this column and the one to the right
of it will be blank.
Type – Shows the type of information contained on the page. Pages marked
Tutorial provide overview information; pages marked Context Sensitive
have information specific to a particular function or operation.
Open the desired information from the Table of Contents by either doubleclicking on the subject in the list, or by highlighting the item and clicking the
Display Help Topic button (see Figure 3.3).
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CHAPTER 3 o GETTING STARTED WITH SMARTSENSOR MANAGER
Figure 3.3 – Help Screen
Note
You can also access the Table of Contents help information for a given page
by pressing the F1 key while on that page. Additionally, some pages have
question marks in the upper right-hand corner that lead to their Table of
Contents help pages.
You can access the Table of Contents page from anywhere in SmartSensor
Manager; an active sensor connection is not needed. This enables you to get help
information at any time, especially if information about connecting to a sensor is
needed.
Release Notes
The last entry in the Table of Contents is Release Notes, which, when selected,
displays information on the current and previous versions of SSM. This
information includes the version number, date of release (in YY/MM/DD format),
and the new features added and issues resolved in each release.
Communication
In this Chapter
„„
„„
„„
„„
„„
„„
„„
Serial Connection
Modem Connection
Internet Connection
Firmware Upload
Connection Properties
Address Book
Communication Error
When the SmartSensor Manager application is opened, you will be taken to the
New Connection page, where you will be able to connect using one of three
connection options: serial, modem, or Internet. Choose the desired method of
connection and click OK. The Serial (COM Port) radio button will be selected by
default (see Figure 4.1).
You can also access the three connection options at any time by going to
File>New Connection.
Note
Selecting a connection type under File>New Connection while you are
already connected will terminate your current connection. You can also
end a connection by going to File>Close Connection.
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CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Figure 4.1 – New Connection Page
Clicking OK opens a connection page unique to each connection option. Each
connection page contains three function buttons: Advanced, Cancel, and one
that allows you to connect or dial. The advanced functions for each connection
option are specific for each option.
Serial Connection
To make a serial connection, click the Serial (COM Port) radio button and then
OK. The message below will appear (see Figure 4.2):
Figure 4.2 – Serial Connection
The three action buttons appear near the bottom of the page. The CONNECT
button will attempt to connect to the sensor using the current settings. The
Cancel button cancels the action and returns you to the New Connection page.
A message bar at the bottom, identified by the
icon, displays the serial
settings being used for this connection. If the default settings are used, then the
message bar will display the following:
COM - Auto; Baud - Auto; ID - Simple; Synchronize - Yes; Wait - 0
CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Advanced Serial Settings
Click the Advanced button to change the Advanced Connection settings (see
Figure 4.3).
Figure 4.3 – Advanced Connection Settings
„„ PC Com Port Settings – By default, SSM is set to automatically detect PC
„„
„„
„„
com port & baud rate settings. To manually configure these settings, click
the Specify PC com port & baud rate settings radio button. This will
activate the Port # and Baud Rate (bps) drop-down lists.
Additional Response Wait Time – By default, SmartSensor Manager waits
a few milliseconds to receive a response from the sensor before timing out
and displaying a communication error message. You can add additional
milliseconds to the response wait time to give the program more time to
make a connection. Click the Use an additional: check box to activate the
milliseconds text field and enter the number of additional milliseconds
SmartSensor Manager should wait for a response from the sensor.
SmartSensor Network Protocol – These options can be used to identify
sensors that are part of a multi-drop network. The Simple protocol option
refers to sensors that are not part of a multi-drop environment. If the
sensor is part of a multi-drop network, SmartSensor Manager can either
auto-detect the multi-drop ID, or you can enter the four-digit ID. Clicking
the Use Multidrop Protocol… Connect Directly to ID: radio button will
activate the text box so you can enter the ID number.
Time Synchronization – Click the check box to have SmartSensor
automatically synchronize with the PC clock.
Click on the check box at the bottom of the Advanced Connection Settings page
to use the new settings as default. Click OK to save the new settings or Cancel to
return to default; both buttons will return you to the Serial Connection page. The
new settings will be reflected in the message bar at the bottom of the page.
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CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Modem Connection
Clicking the Modem (Phone #) radio button on the New Connection page and
then clicking OK will allow you to connect to the SmartSensor using a modem.
The Modem Connection page has a text box in which you can enter the phone
number for the sensor’s modem (see Figure 4.4).
Figure 4.4 – Modem Connection
The phone book icon to the right of the text field allows you to browse for
numbers previously saved in the SmartSensor Manager address book (for more
information, see the Address Book section later in this chapter). If you’d prefer
to dial manually, click the Dial Manually check box beneath the text field, then
click on Dial. At this point you will need to pick up the telephone receiver and
manually dial the phone number.
Note
When this window is first opened, the modem connection phone number
you used most recently will automatically appear in the text field.
Once the number is entered, click Dial to make a connection. Click Cancel to
stop the action and return to the New Connection page.
The message bar at the bottom of the page, identified by the
icon, shows the
modem settings being used. If the default settings are used, the message bar will
display the following:
ID - Simple; Synchronize - Yes; Wait - 0
Advanced Modem Settings
The following settings are part of the modem connection’s advanced functions
and can be found by clicking the Advanced button (see Figure 4.5):
CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Figure 4.5 – Advanced Modem Settings
„„ Local Modem Settings – The initialization string and auto-find command
„„
„„
„„
can be entered in their respective text fields in the Local Modem Settings
section. The Restore Defaults button will return these functions to their
default settings. The port number and baud rate will be automatically
detected by SmartSensor Manager, so these settings cannot be changed.
Additional Response Wait Time – By default, SmartSensor Manager waits
a few milliseconds to receive a response from the sensor before timing out
and displaying a communication error message. You can add additional
milliseconds to the response wait time to give the program more time to
make a connection. Click the Use an additional: check box to activate the
milliseconds text field and enter the number of additional milliseconds
SmartSensor Manager should wait for a response from the sensor.
SmartSensor Network Protocol – These options can be used to identify
sensors that are part of a multi-drop network. The Simple protocol option
refers to sensors that are not part of a multi-drop environment. If the
sensor is part of a multi-drop network, SmartSensor Manager can either
auto-detect the multi-drop ID, or you can enter the four-digit ID. Clicking
the Use Multidrop Protocol… Connect Directly to ID: radio button will
activate the text box so you can enter the ID number.
Time Synchronization – Click the check box to have SmartSensor
automatically synchronize with the PC clock.
Click the check box near the bottom of the Advanced Connection Settings page
to use the new settings as default. The OK button saves the new settings and
the Cancel button cancels the changes; both buttons return you to the Modem
Connection page. The new settings will be displayed in the message bar at the
bottom of the page.
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CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Internet Connection
The Internet (TCP/IP) option will allow you to connect to the SmartSensor
using the sensor’s IP address. The Internet Connection page has two text boxes
in which you can enter the sensor IP address and port number (see Figure 4.6).
The Connect button does not become active until both the IP address and port
number boxes are filled. You can also establish an Internet connection using a
domain name by entering that domain name in the IP address text field.
Figure 4.6 – Internet Connection
Note
When this window is first opened, the connection properties for the
Internet connection you used most recently will automatically appear in
the text fields.
The IP icon next to the text fields allows you to browse through previously
saved addresses in the SSM address book, which is especially useful if you are
connecting to more than one sensor using an Internet connection. For more
information, see the Address Book section of this chapter.
Once the IP address and port number are entered, click Connect to make a
connection. Click Cancel to stop the action and return to the New Connection
page.
The message bar at the bottom of the page, identified by the
icon, shows the
Internet settings being used. If the default settings are used, the message bar will
display the following:
ID - Simple; Synchronize - Yes; Wait - 0
Advanced Internet Settings
The following settings are part of the Internet connection advanced functions
and can be found by clicking the Advanced button (see Figure 4.7):
CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Figure 4.7 – Advanced Internet Settings
„„ Additional Response Wait Time – By default, SmartSensor Manager waits
„„
„„
a few milliseconds to receive a response from the sensor before timing out
and displaying a communication error message. You can add additional
milliseconds to the response wait time to give the program more time to
make a connection. Click the Use an additional: check box to activate the
milliseconds text field and enter the number of additional milliseconds
SmartSensor Manager should wait for a response from the sensor.
SmartSensor Network Protocol – These options can be used to identify
sensors that are part of a multi-drop network. The Simple protocol option
refers to sensors that are not part of a multi-drop environment. If the
sensor is part of a multi-drop network, SmartSensor Manager can either
auto-detect the multi-drop ID, or you can enter the four-digit ID. Clicking
the Use Multidrop Protocol… Connect Directly to ID: radio button will
activate the text box so you can enter the ID number.
Time Synchronization – Click the check box to have SmartSensor
automatically synchronize with the PC clock.
Click the check box near the bottom of the Advanced Connection Settings page
to use the new settings as default. The OK button saves the new settings and
the Cancel button cancels the changes; both buttons return you to the Internet
Connection page. The new settings will be displayed in the message bar at the
bottom of the page.
Firmware Upload
If the firmware installed onboard the SmartSensor is not the same as the
firmware bundled with the SSM software, the Firmware/Software Compatibility
screen may appear after you’ve finished connecting. This screen gives you four
options: Upload, Exit SmartSensor Manager, Continue w/o upload, and View
Details (see Figure 4.8).
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CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Figure 4.8 – Firmware/Software Compatibility Screen
Upload
Selecting Upload will upload the bundled firmware to the sensor, thereby
eliminating any compatibility problems. The amount of time it takes to complete
the upload depends primarily on your connection speed, but usually varies from
1 to 10 minutes.
During the upload process, you can cancel at any time. However, if the FPGA
firmware was incompatible and the new version was not fully loaded before you
pressed Cancel, the sensor will revert back to a factory-installed version of the
FPGA firmware upon reboot of the sensor. The factory-installed version of the
FPGA firmware may not be the same as the last version you were running on
the sensor. In this case, you will need to re-upload the version of FPGA firmware
you’d like to have on the sensor (see chapter 8 for information on how to do this).
This does not occur when you cancel an upload of DSP firmware.
If the upload completes successfully, the sensor will need to reboot and restart
before the new firmware will take effect. The restart should take about 15 seconds.
Exit SmartSensor Manager
If you are unsure what to do, you should press the Exit SmartSensor Manager
button. When you have decided what to do, you can reconnect to the sensor.
In some cases, you may have simply connected to the sensor with the wrong
version of SmartSensor Manager. Press the Exit SmartSensor Manager button
to close your current connection and quit the program. Once you have quit this
version of SmartSensor Manager, you can then connect up with the version you
originally intended.
Continue w/o upload
If you are determined to continue using this version of SmartSensor Manager
to interact with the sensor, but have good reason not to upload the bundled
firmware, you can press the Continue w/o Upload button. With this choice,
SmartSensor Manager finishes establishing the connection and continues normal
execution. However, depending on the nature of incompatibilities between the
sensor’s firmware and SmartSensor Manager, unexpected errors may result.
View Details
Differences between the sensor’s firmware and the firmware bundled with
CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
SmartSensor Manager can be viewed by clicking on View Details. The
differences between the two versions will be highlighted in red. Knowing the
details of the detected differences may help you make a more informed decision
about how to proceed (see Figure 4.9).
Figure 4.9 – View Details
„„
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„„
„„
Version – Shows the software version.
Programmable Hardware – Shows the FPGA version.
Year – Shows the year of of the version’s release in YY format.
Algorithm/Month – Shows the month of the version’s release in MM
format, as well as the operating mode; this will appear as an S for side fire
mode and an F for forward fire mode.
Day.Application – Shows the day of the version’s release in DD format as
well as the current application; this will appear as an S for sensor or a D for
diagnostic.
Connection Properties
Information about the current connection can be accessed on the Current
Connection Properties page, which is found under File>Properties (see Figure
4.10).
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CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Figure 4.10 – Current Connection Properties
The page shows the following information about your connection:
„„ Type – Shows the type of connection (serial, modem or Internet). This will
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„„
say Disconnected if the software is not currently connected to a sensor.
Port / Phone # / Address – Displays information about the connection
endpoint. This will vary based on the kind of connection made.
Protocol – Indicates whether sensor is on a multi-drop network or a simple
sensor network.
Response Wait Time – Shows the wait time information for each sensor.
The first box shows the number of milliseconds SmartSensor Manager
will automatically wait for a response from a specific sensor. SmartSensor
Manager determines this number by averaging recent sensor response
times, so this number may fluctuate slightly when the Re-calculate button
is clicked. The second box shows the number of additional seconds you
have added under the Advanced Settings page for your connection; this
number can be changed on this screen. The third box shows the total
number of seconds SSM will wait for a response. Click the Save As Default
button to save the new settings as default.
Click OK to close the window.
Address Book
The address book can save connection information for both modem and Internet
connections, allowing you to access this information later and connect quickly
without reentering IP addresses, modem numbers and so on.
Accessing the Address Book
The address book can be accessed in two ways:
„„ Go to File>Address Book. This will give you two options: New and Open.
Selecting New will open a directory box where you can create a new
address book file (.abf). Creating an address book file will not immediately
open the new file.
CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Select Open to access the most recently created or accessed address book
file. This option is divided into two choices, Modem Entries and Internet
Entries (see Figure 4.11). Selecting these will allow you to access all the
modem or Internet entries in the address book. If you have not yet created
an address book file, you will be prompted to do so now.
Figure 4.11 – Accessing Address Book through the Menu Bar
„„ Begin to make a new modem or Internet connection, either through
File>New Connection or the New Connection screen. In the connection
screen that comes up, click the book icon next to the text field. This will
access the address book specific to that type of connection. If you have not
yet created an address book file, you will be asked to do so.
Note
By default, accessing the address book will open the address book file (.abf)
that you most recently had open. As a single .abf can store both modem
and Internet connection information, it will usually not be necessary to
have multiple address book files stored on your computer. If you do have
more than one file, however, you can switch back and forth by going to
File>Address Book>New. Instead of creating a new file, however, select the
file you wish to access and click OK. Now when you go to File>Address
Book>Open or you select the address book icon on a connection screen, it
will default to this most recently opened file.
Using the Address Book
No matter how you access the address book, using it is the same. The
information available and visible will differ, however, based on what kind of
connection you’re making. If you’re looking at modem entries, the screen will
display three columns: Phone Number, Sensor ID and Description (see Figure
4.12). The Internet entries have five columns: IP Alias, IP Address, TCP Port,
Sensor ID and Description.
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Figure 4.12 – Address Book for Modem Entries
Use the buttons in the address book to work with entries and make connections:
„„ Select – Selects an entry to use to connect. When you have chosen the
entry you would like to use to connect, highlight it in the list and click
Select. This will close the address book and enter the desired information
into the connection page.
Note
When accessing the Address Book screen using the menu options, the
Select button is disabled. You will be able to edit the address book entries,
but will not be able to connect unless you use the Modem or Internet
Connection Screens.
„„ New – Creates a new entry. Select New and enter the desired information.
In a modem connection, this is the phone number of the modem, the sensor
ID number and a description of the connection for your own information.
If you are adding an Internet connection entry, you have two options for
the address: an IP address or a domain name. With both options you must
also specify the TCP port number. If you use a domain name, the domain
name must be entered as the IP alias and you should not enter an IP
address, since the domain name may resolve to one or more dynamic IP
addresses. When you enter both an IP address and an IP alias, SmartSensor
Manager will add an entry to the Windows HOSTS file on your computer.
In this case, the IP alias can be a simple text string (or a domain name that
is tied to a fixed IP address). You may want to use a simple text string to
help identify IP addresses that do not have a domain name.
„„ Edit – Allows you to edit the information contained in a highlighted entry.
„„ Delete – Deletes the selected entry.
„„ Close – Exits out of the address book.
CHAPTER 4 o COMMUNICATION
Communication Error
The Communication Error screen will appear if SmartSensor Manager can no
longer communicate with the sensor. If such an error occurs, the Communication
Error screen will give you the following options (see Figure 4.13):
„„ Retry – Tells SSM to try to communicate with the sensor again.
„„ Cancel – Stops the current operation as well as other operations that may
„„
be in process.
Details – Shows error details.
Figure 4.13 – Communication Error with Details Screen
Clicking the Details button will access additional information specific to this
problem:
„„
„„
„„
„„
„„
„„
Operation – Shows the operation SSM is trying to accomplish.
Response Error – Shows the response error SSM has encountered.
Error Code – Gives the error code related to the specific error.
Reliability – Indicates the percentage of communication attempts that
were successfully completed.
Automatic Retries – Shows the number of times the SSM automatically
attempts to reconnect before showing the communication error screen.
Response Timeout – Displays the total number of milliseconds that SSM
waited before timing out the requested operation.
If you retry multiple times to communicate with the sensor and it still doesn’t
work, the problem can often be fixed by editing the additional response wait time,
found in the Advanced Settings page for your connection.
49
Sensor Settings
In this Chapter
„„
„„
„„
„„
Sensor Info
Sensor Settings
Sensor Date & Time
Operating Mode
There are several ways to access and change sensor settings using SSM.
Sensor Info
Going to File>Sensor Info opens the Sensor Information page, which displays
the properties unique to each sensor (see Figure 5.1).
Figure 5.1 – Sensor Information
Although the information cannot be edited, there must be an active connection
to view the Sensor Information page. The page is divided into two sections,
Identification and Firmware Versions.
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CHAPTER 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS
The Identification section information includes the following:
„„ Serial Number – Shows the 16-digit serial number given to the sensor by
„„
„„
„„
„„
the manufacturer. It can be used to uniquely identify the sensor.
Description – Shows the 32-character, user-created sensor description as
set using the Sensor Settings screen (for more information, see the Sensor
Settings section later in this chapter). It is used to describe the sensor and/
or the installation site.
Location – Displays the 32-character, user-created location description as
set using the Sensor Settings screen (for more information, see the Sensor
Settings section later in this chapter). It is used to describe the location of
the sensor.
Sensor ID – Shows the 4-digit numeric string used to identify the sensor
on a multi-drop network. You can set this ID number using the Sensor
Settings screen (for more information, see the Sensor Settings section later
in this chapter). The SmartSensor Multi-drop protocol uses the sensor ID to
uniquely address sensors on a shared bus.
Serial Interface – Indicates which of the sensor’s four ports it is using to
communicate. The four ports are RS-232, RS-485, EXP-A, and EXP-B.
Note
The two expansion ports (EXP-A and B) are currently not available for use.
The Firmware Versions section shows on which versions of DSP (Digital Field
Processing) and FPGA (Field Programmable Gain Amplifier) the sensor is
operating.
Sensor Settings
You can both view and change certain sensor options and information in the
Sensor Settings page. To access this page, go to Edit>Sensor Settings. If no
sensor connection is active, selecting this will open a directory box, allowing you
to find SmartSensor configuration (.ssc) files that are saved on your computer.
You can also use this directory box to create a new .ssc file.
The Sensor Settings page is divided into three tabs: General, Communication
and Data Collection. Only the General and Communication tabs will be
discussed here; the Data Collection tab will be discussed in chapter 7.
General Tab
The General tab allows you to edit the following settings (see Figure 5.2):
CHAPTER 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS
Figure 5.2 – General Tab
„„ Serial Number – Shows the 16-digit serial number given to the sensor by
„„
„„
the manufacturer, used to uniquely identify the sensor. This is the only
setting on this screen that cannot be edited.
SmartSensor (Multidrop) ID – Allows you to enter a 4-character ID
number. This number is used to identify the sensor on a multi-drop
network. Each sensor on such a network must have a unique ID number.
This number is referred to on the Sensor Information page as the sensor ID.
RTMS ID – Lets you change the RTMS ID. The SmartSensor has been
designed to utilize other protocols for those cases when there might
already be a project built around another type of sensor. If you choose to
communicate using the RTMS protocol, all you need is the RTMS ID.
Note
The RTMS ID number 13 cannot be used for polled communications.
„„ Description – Allows you to create a description of the sensor and/or
„„
„„
installation site for identification purposes. The description may be up to 32
characters long and will be displayed on the Sensor Information page.
Location – Allows you to enter the location of the sensor for identification
purposes. The location may be up to 32 characters long and will be
displayed on the Sensor Information page.
Orientation – Lets you select, from a drop-down menu, the direction
the sensor is facing. The orientation does not affect sensor operation or
alignment and is simply for your information.
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„„ Measurement Units – Allows you to choose between English and metric
„„
measurements. Metric units are entered in decimeters so that the metric
and English units can be converted more accurately.
RF Channel – This allows you to assign specific RF channels to sensors
that are installed in close proximity to each other to prevent the sensors
from interfering with each other.
Communication Tab
The Communication tab allow you to change the following settings (see Figure
5.3):
Figure 5.3 – Communications Tab
„„ Baud Rates – Allows you to set the baud rate for the each of the sensor’s
„„
four connection ports. To change the baud rate, simply click on the dropdown menu and select the desired rate. Besides the standard RS-232 and
RS-485 ports, there are also two other expansion ports. These expansion
ports are currently not available for use.
Response Delays (milliseconds) – Allows you to change the number of
milliseconds that the sensor will delay before responding. This is useful if
you ever attach the sensor to communication equipment that cannot handle
the speed with which the sensor responds to message requests. You can
change the response delay for each of the four connection ports separately
by entering the desired number of milliseconds. If you are not able to
determine the amount of delay required by consulting the communication
equipment’s documentation, you will need to determine this number by
trial and error.
CHAPTER 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS
Note
If you increase the response delay, you should also increase the additional
response wait time that SmartSensor Manager uses when communicating
to the sensor.
„„ Advanced Comm Register – The Advanced Comm Register on the
SmartSensor holds two settings: Simple Protocol and Flow Control.
The first setting selects whether Simple SmartSensor protocol is enabled
or disabled. By default Simple protocol is enabled. Networks comprised of
simply one sensor can use the Simple protocol. However, if there is more
than one sensor on the network, this protocol can cause communication
messages to be broadcast unintentionally. These messages can result in
collisions and even ongoing chatter between sensors on a multi-drop
network. If you are setting up a multi-drop network of sensors, you should
connect to them one by one and disable Simple protocol. To disable Simple
protocol, select Disabled from the drop-down list. Simple protocol must
also be disabled if you plan on using RTMS protocol.
The second setting selects whether flow control handshaking is enabled
or disabled on the sensor. Flow control is a hardware handshaking
protocol used by some communication equipment. If your communication
equipment requires handshaking, you will need to enable this by selecting
RTS/CTS from the drop down menu.
Note
If you have established a serial connection, enabling RTS/CTS handshaking
will cause you to lose communication with SmartSensor Manager unless
you first short the RTS/CTS lines on the sensor.
„„ Data Push Setup – Allows you to enable and configure data push.
SmartSensor communicates traffic data in either Data Polled mode or
Data Push mode. By default the SmartSensor is in Data Polled mode. In
Data Polled mode, a traffic data collection device must periodically poll
the sensor to retrieve the most recent information. Data Polled mode is
preferred if multiple sensors share the same data bus, so that the data
transmitted over the connection will not be corrupted or lost by collisions.
In Data Push mode, the sensor is set up to transmit any new data it
generates automatically (without any prompting by the collection device).
In Data Push mode there is no arbitration of the data bus, and data
messages sent by different sensors can collide, causing information to be
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lost. However, if there is only one sensor connected to the data bus, there
should be no collisions in data push mode.
Before you change to Data Push mode, select the desired port and data
type from the drop-down lists provided. You can set the sensor up to push
data over more than one port. You can also set it up to push multiple types
of data over the same port. To change to Data Push mode, click on the
Enabled checkbox next to each one of the four ports you wish to enable.
Data Collection Tab
The Data Collection tab allows you to edit the following settings (see Figure 5.7):
Figure 5.4 – Data Collection Tab
„„ Interval Data – Allows you to specify the length of your intervals as
„„
well as how those intervals are stored. The interval refers to the time (in
seconds) that traffic data is aggregated (minimum interval is five seconds).
Interval data is stored directly into the sensor’s SRAM memory, which is
volatile and will not persist after a power cycle. The number of intervals
is limited to 246. You can also tell the sensor to move the data from SRAM
to the sensor’s flash memory by clicking the Store in Flash Memory check
box. This protects the data because flash memory persists after power
cycles. The capacity in flash is about ten times greater than SRAM. If the
Store in Flash Memory box is not checked, the interval data will remain
in SRAM until it is overwritten. Flash storage management features are
explained in greater depth in the Data Collection Setup section of chapter 7.
Vehicle Classification – Lets you customize vehicle classifications by
length. Enter the maximum length amounts for small and medium
class vehicles in the active text boxes and SmartSensor Manager will
CHAPTER 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS
automatically determine the minimum lengths.
„„ Lane Setup – Allows you to change specific lane information such as
lane name and direction of travel, for your own information and for
identification.
You can also change scale occupancy (loop size) and scale speed (loop
spacing). The entry in these columns for each lane represents the manual
scaling applied to the occupancy/duration and speed data. The occupancy
scale factor is the ratio of each lane’s loop size to the default loop size.
The speed scale factor is the ratio of each lane’s loop spacing to that of the
default loop spacing. You can modify the scale factors by clicking on the
arrows to the right of each box.
Note
Interval occupancy is derived from event duration, so the occupancy
scale factor scales both the duration and the occupancy. Additionally, the
length-based event classification is derived from the event duration and
the event speed, so scaling either the speed or the duration will impact the
classification results.
The Show Loop Values button allows you to toggle quickly between the
loop values and the corresponding scale factors.
„„ Default Loop Size & Spacing – Lets you enter default values which, when
„„
applied, will automatically update the information for each lane. The terms
“loop size” and “loop spacing” are used since in many cases you will be
using these values to scale the occupancy and speed to match those of dual
loops. The loop size and loop spacing (space between loops) are specified
in inches or centimeters.
Extension Time – Allows you to increase the time, in milliseconds, on
the countdown timer that the sensor uses in detection. Adding time can
help reduce the occurrence of vehicles with trailers being detected twice.
However, increasing the time also increases the likelihood that one vehicle
being tailgated by another will result in a single detection.
Note
The lane name, lane direction, and interval data settings on this page
can also be changed on other pages. The rest of the settings can only be
changed here.
Saving and Restoring Sensor Settings
Once you have made changes to your settings, use the four buttons at the bottom
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of the screen to save the changes from all three tabs. You can also use these
buttons to discard all your changes and return to the old settings.
„„ Save to Sensor – Saves the changes you’ve just made to the sensor. If you
„„
„„
do not push this button after making changes, they will be lost when you
navigate away from this page.
Open from Sensor – Returns all settings to those currently saved on the
sensor.
Save to File – Saves the settings currently entered in the Sensor Settings
screens to a SmartSensor configuration file (.ssc) on your computer. This
setting can be used to back up your settings; additionally, if you’re not
connected to your sensor, you can change settings, save them to a file, and
use the file to update your sensor once you’re connected again.
Note
Using the Save to File function does not save the changes to your sensor.
If you want to update and then back up your sensor, you need to use both
Save to File and Save to Sensor.
„„ Open from File – Restores settings from an existing .ssc file. Once the
settings have been restored, you must click Save to Sensor if you want the
sensor updated with the restored settings.
Note
Return to this page to back up your sensor after you’ve completed the steps
to configure your lanes and data collection.
Sensor Date & Time
To ensure that the data collected is timestamped correctly, use the Sensor Date &
Time screen, located at Edit>Sensor Date & Time (see Figure 5.5).
Change the date by selecting the correct date from the drop-down lists (month,
day, and year) or use the calendar to scroll to the correct date. Change the time
by selecting the correct time (hour, minutes, and seconds) from the drop-down
lists.
Click the check box below the calendar to automatically adjust for local computer
time and daylight savings time settings. The check box at the bottom of the page
will automatically synchronize sensor to PC UTC time at a certain interval you
can define in the text field.
CHAPTER 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS
Figure 5.5 – Sensor Date & Time
The Sensor Date & Time page includes the following three function buttons:
„„ Clocks icon – Performs a one-time synch of the sensor to the PC’s UTC
„„
„„
time.
Disk icon – Saves the new settings.
Arrow icon – Undoes the changes.
Operating Mode
Selecting Edit>Operating Mode allows you to switch between Side Fire and
Forward Fire operation modes. While Side Fire mode is standard, Forward Fire
mode allows you to detect traffic from a forward-facing position, such as when
the sensor is mounted on a bridge across the road. With this setup, however,
the sensor can only detect one lane at a time and cannot detect cars until after
they’ve passed the mounting location. If you’re interested in a forward-facing
sensor, consider the SmartSensor Advance, which can detect vehicles in multiple
lanes up to 500 ft. (152.4 m) in advance.
If you would like to use the SmartSensor 105 in Forward Fire mode, call
Wavetronix Technical Services at 801-764-0277 for assistance and further
instruction.
59
Lane Setup
In this Chapter
„„ Lane Configuration – Automatic
„„ Lane Configuration – Manual
„„ Verifying Lane Configuration
Setting up lanes is simple in SmartSensor Manager because the software will
do it for you with the click of a button. Additionally, if SmartSensor Manager is
unable to correctly configure due to barriers, obstacles or irregular lanes, you
can use the Manual Configuration mode to adjust.
Note
Free-flowing traffic in each lane is required for proper configuration. Light
or sporadic traffic may result in slower configurations.
Lane Configuration – Automatic
Follow the steps below to automatically configure lanes in SmartSensor
Manager:
Select Edit>Lane Configuration.
Once the Lane Configuration page opens, click on the Automatic button.
If you would like to set constraints on the configuration through the Edit
Range Blinders or Manage Gain buttons, do so now. For more information
on these options see the sections on them in the following pages.
Click the Restart button at the lower right.
Confirm the configuration restart by clicking Yes in the box that appears
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(see Figure 6.1). SmartSensor Manager will now automatically begin
detecting and configuring lanes, and the screen will show a visual
depiction of the lanes and vehicle detections in real time.
Figure 6.1 – Confirming Automatic Lane Configuration
After the lanes have been detected and configured correctly, save the
configuration by clicking the Finished button. The time required for
configuration depends on the volume of traffic present in the lanes, but is
typically only a few minutes.
Note
After clicking the Finished button, wait for one minute before turning
off the sensor. During this time the sensor is completing adjustments
of the configuration thresholds. Typically this is not a problem because
verification may be needed in Traffic View after clicking Finished. The
verification process will normally be longer than one minute.
Edit Range Blinders
Range blinders are an optional setting available in Automatic mode. Using range
blinders will narrow the search area of the automatic lane configuration process
(range blinders have no effect in Manual Configuration mode), allowing you to
configure faster and avoid configuring undesired lanes such as frontage roads.
Use the steps below to successfully edit the range blinders:
Click the Range Blinders button. Red bars (range blinders) will appear at
the top and bottom of the roadway display and any previously displayed
roadways will be cleared.
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Click on one of the range blinders and drag its edge to the desired range
(refer to the range markers on the left side of the screen).
Repeat Step 2 for the other range blinder if necessary.
Click the Restart button to apply the range blinders. When the range
blinders are applied, they will turn from a red color to a dark khaki color.
To cancel and use the default ranges, or to start over, or click the Range
Blinders button again.
After the lanes are detected and configured correctly, save the
configuration by clicking the Finished button. After clicking the Finished
button, the SmartSensor will begin storing vehicle data. The time required
for configuration depends on the volume of traffic present in the lanes, but
is typically only a few minutes.
Note
After clicking the Restart button, detected vehicles (represented by moving
blue rectangles) will be displayed only if a range blinder does not cover
the lane center. If the edge of a range blinder lies between two lanes of the
same road, some manual adjustment of the gray line (usually reserved to
indicate a road shoulder) may need to be made. The edge of the road shown
in the display is really a lane divider.
Manage Gain
Managing gain is an optional setting available in Automatic mode. During the
automatic configuration process, the sensor’s gain is automatically adjusted in
order to best process the radar signal at that particular installation site. In some
locations the reflections from vehicles may be stronger than in other locations,
and the gain will need to be lowered in order to optimize detection accuracy.
For the gain to be optimally adjusted by the automatic process, the sensor needs
to be:
„„ Aligned almost exactly perpendicular to all the lanes of the roadway.
„„ Still configuring while several large vehicles (that return strong reflections)
pass through the beam in the lanes closest to the sensor.
In some locations, and at particular times of the day, it may be difficult to meet
these two requirements. In these cases, click the Manage Gain button to change
the starting point of the automatic gain adjustment process. The default starting
point is a gain value of 5. The adjustment process never increases the gain value;
it only decreases it. The starting point is therefore also the maximum gain value.
A new starting point will only be applied after clicking the Restart button.
During the automatic configuration process, the sensor’s current gain value is
displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the screen.
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No adjustments to the gain can be made once the configuration is saved to the
sensor. However, the detection thresholds configured for the sensor during the
automatic configuration process are based upon the current level of the gain and
will continue to adapt for up to one minute after clicking the Finished button.
Note
The default starting point of 5 is also the largest starting point allowed. If
you enter a value larger than 5 the default starting point of 5 will be used. If
you are managing the gain, you should generally change the starting point
to a 3 or 4.
Lane Configuration – Manual
If the sensor is unable to automatically configure itself to your satisfaction, you
can manually configure it by adding, removing or adjusting lanes, lane dividers
and lane centers.
To make changes in Manual mode:
With the Lane Configuration page open, select the Manual button; the
buttons in the toolbar on the right of the screen will change from gray to
black (see Figure 6.2).
Figure 6.2 – Manual Lane Configuration
Selecting a button in the toolbar will allow you to make changes using the
roadview window on the left.
CHAPTER 6 o LANE SETUP
Once you’ve made the necessary adjustments, hit Finished to save your
changes.
Adjust Lanes
The Adjust Lanes button allows you to click your cursor on any visible shoulder
(gray line), lane divider (white line) or lane center (pink line) and drag it to the
desired position (see Figure 6.3). The cursor will change from an arrow to a
hand when it is positioned over a “draggable” line. Lane centers (pink lines) only
appear when the cursor is placed directly over them. To adjust the lane center,
click and hold the mouse and move the line up or down on the screen, but only
within the area between the shoulders. Notice that shoulders, dividers, or centers
cannot be dragged past each other.
Lane Center
Lane Divider
Shoulder
Figure 6.3 – Adjusting Lanes
Paint and Remove Lines
The Paint Lines button allows you to add new lanes by inserting lane dividers in
paved (black) areas. SmartSensor Manager allows a maximum of eight lanes.
Again, the cursor will change from an arrow to a hand when it is positioned
directly over a location where it is possible to paint a lane divider. When the
cursor appears as a hand, click and a white line will appear.
To remove a lane divider, click on the Remove Lines button, select the white line
you want to remove and click the left mouse button (again, wait for the cursor to
become a hand).
Remove Lane
The Remove Lane button allows you to remove entire lanes by moving the
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cursor to the desired lane. When the arrow changes to a hand, click and the
selected lane will disappear.
Construct and Remove Roads
To insert a new road, click on the Construct Roads button and select a location
anywhere in the background (khaki-colored) area. Make sure the cursor appears
as a hand and then click to draw the road.
Because new roads are initially drawn with an upper shoulder line, a centerline
and a lower shoulder line, you will usually need to adjust your road to the
desired width using the Adjust Lanes function.
To remove an entire road, including all lanes, click on the Remove Roads button
and click on the road you wish to remove.
Construct and Remove Barriers
Constructing a barrier or median is essentially the act of dividing a single road
into two separate roads. SmartSensor Manager defines a barrier or median as
two adjacent shoulder lines or two shoulder lines with only background (khakicolored) areas in between them.
To construct a barrier or median, click on the Construct Barriers button and
move the cursor to the paved area where you want to insert the barrier. When
the cursor changes from an arrow to a hand, click and the barrier will appear.
Initially, the new barrier is only two shoulder lines wide. To widen the barrier,
use the Adjust Lanes feature as explained earlier.
You may also remove a barrier, or convert two roads into a single road, by
clicking on the Remove Barrier button and selecting the barrier you wish to
delete.
Reverse Direction
Once the configuration process has been completed, you will notice that
SmartSensor Manager shows all detected vehicles moving in the same direction.
The Reverse Direction button enables you to change the direction of travel
depicted in SmartSensor Manager so that each lane reflects the actual direction
traveled by detected vehicles.
To do this, press the Reverse Direction button and move the cursor over the lane
you wish to change. Once the cursor is in place, the cursor will again change
from an arrow to a hand and a tiny arrow will appear below the hand to indicate
the current direction of that lane (see Figure 6.4).
CHAPTER 6 o LANE SETUP
Before
After
Figure 6.4 – Reverse Direction
Click the mouse, and the arrow will reverse direction to verify the change has
occurred. Using the Reverse Direction button only affects the SmartSensor
Manager display, not the sensor or any detections, and is useful for verifying
performance.
Edit Lane Names
By default, the SmartSensor identifies the lanes it configures as lane 1 up to lane
8, where lane 1 is located closest to the sensor. However, you may wish to assign
lane numbers differently with the Edit Lane Names window (see Figure 6.5).
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Figure 6.5 – Editing Lane Names
To do this, click on the Edit Lane Name button and the Edit Lane Names
window will appear. Highlight the current lane name by double-clicking on it,
then type in the lane’s new alphanumeric identification of up to eight characters.
Lane names can also be changed by going to Sensor Settings and clicking on the
Data Collection tab (see chapter 7 for more information).
Saving the Configuration
Once all configurations are completed, the changes must be updated in the
SmartSensor’s flash memory (lane changes won’t take effect until after the
sensor has been updated). Update all manual changes by clicking the Update
button located below the manual tool buttons (see Figure 6.6). The process of
updating the configuration takes only seconds. Once the process is completed,
SmartSensor Manager will remain on the Lane Configuration page so that any
manual changes made may be viewed and easily changed if needed.
Figure 6.6 – Update, Undo, and Restart Buttons
Undoing Manual Changes
Unsaved changes may be undone without repeating the manual configuration
process. Click on the Undo button found below the manual tool buttons (see
Figure 6.6). This tool retrieves the last saved configuration from the SmartSensor,
effectively undoing any unsaved changes that were made.
CHAPTER 6 o LANE SETUP
Restarting Lane Configurations
To completely erase the SmartSensor’s current configuration and restart the lane
configuration routine, change from Manual back to Automatic mode by clicking
on the Automatic button and then clicking on the Restart button located near the
Update and Undo buttons below the Manual toolbar (see Figure 6.6).
This erases all manual changes that have been made, and the SmartSensor
Manager will automatically reconfigure the road for you. After clicking on the
Restart button, a window will be displayed asking whether you want to proceed
(see Figure 6.7). Click on Yes to continue or on No to quit this procedure.
Figure 6.7 – Confirmation of Restart
Exiting the Lane Configuration Page
Once all automatic and manual configurations have been completed, you may
perform a final save and exit the Lane Configuration page by clicking on the
Finished button located at the bottom right of the screen.
A window will appear indicating that the changes are being saved to the
SmartSensor. After the changes have been saved, SmartSensor Manager will
automatically change from Lane Configuration to Traffic (Event) Data View mode
so that you can verify lane configuration.
Verifying Lane Configuration
After you click Finished on the Lane Configuration page, SmartSensor Manager
will take you immediately to the View Traffic (Event Data) page. Here you can
view your saved lane configuration and see traffic in real time, allowing you to
verify that the lanes have been configured correctly.
The other way to view data is the Interval Data screen, which shows numerical
data gathered per lane by the sensor. You can switch back and forth between the
two screens with the toggle button in the lower right corner of each screen; this
button will be marked with the name of the screen you’re going to switch to.
The Traffic (Event) Data and Interval Data screens can both also be accessed
through the View menu.
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Note
If the connection’s additional response wait time is greater than 500 ms,
event and actuation information is not displayed on the screen.
Traffic (Event) Data
In Event mode, this screen allows you to verify the SmartSensor’s configuration
by comparing the traffic on the road to event information shown in the window
(see Figure 6.8). In order to keep a record of your verification results, the event
data can also be saved to a log file while you remain on this screen.
Figure 6.8 – View Traffic (Event) Data
The window can also be used to verify true presence information by switching
to Actuation mode (click the A icon).
Note
A status bar below the Traffic View window indicates whether you are in
Event mode or Actuation mode.
By default, Traffic View launches in Event mode. In Event mode, the vehicles
(represented by the blue rectangles) appear after having passed through the
radar detection zone.
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The four icons located at the bottom of the screen are active in this mode. They
are, from left to right:
„„ View Event Counter – Brings up a real-time volume counter lane by lane
(see Figure 6.9). Each time a vehicle enters and leaves the radar detection
zone, the volume for the corresponding lane will increment accordingly.
If counting needs to be paused for any reason, click on the Pause button;
click the Play button to resume counting. Any vehicles that were detected
by the SmartSensor while the event counter was paused will not be shown
in Volume. Clicking the Reset button will clear the volume count and will
begin a fresh count.
Figure 6.9 – Event Counter
„„ Turn Event Logging On and Off – Allows you to log the information
„„
you’re currently seeing. When you switch event logging on, you will be
prompted to create a new log file if there is not already an existing one.
With event logging turned on, all of the event data is written to a log file
on the computer that can then be viewed later. To turn event logging
off, click on the icon again. No other visible changes occur while turning
event logging on and off. Event logging remains on as long as you are in
the Traffic View screen. If you switch to another screen of SmartSensor
Manager, and then come back to the Traffic View window, event logging
will have been turned off.
View Event Log – Opens the current event log file in a text editor, such as
Notepad (see Figure 6.10).
Figure 6.10 – Event Log
The event log file breaks down each event and reports back the event
Timestamp, Lane Name, Duration, Event Speed, Class, and Count. The
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timestamp, which is formatted using the local time zone settings on your
computer in hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds, is the time the
vehicle entered the detection zone. The lane name is a string of eight
alphanumeric characters that describe the lane. The duration is the number
of 2.5ms ticks that elapsed while the vehicle was in the sensor’s detection
zone. The event speed represents the speed of the vehicle, displayed either
in miles per hour (mph) or kilometers per hour (kph). The class indicates
into which one of three length-based classification groupings (0=Small,
1=Medium, and 2=Large) the vehicle fits. The count is the time the vehicle
entered the detection zone encoded as the number of 2.5ms ticks counted
on the sensor since the beginning of the day (UTC time).
Note
Each time the Turn Event Logging On and Off button is pressed, a new
header is created in the log file.
„„ Actuation/Event Toggle – Changes between Actuation and Event modes.
Clicking on the icon when an “A” is displayed changes the mode from
Event to Actuation. Clicking on the icon when an “E” is displayed changes
the mode from Actuation to Event mode.
In Actuation mode, the three leftmost icons are inactive, and the vehicles are
displayed as long as they are present in the detection zone.
Interval Data
This screen allows you to verify interval data accuracy. The most recent interval
data is displayed on the screen (see Figure 6.11). In order to keep a record of your
verification results, the interval data can also be saved to a log file while you
remain on this screen.
CHAPTER 6 o LANE SETUP
Figure 6.11 – View Interval Data
Before interval data verification is performed, do the following:
Specify the desired interval length in the Interval (Bin) Size edit box. To do
this, enable the edit box by pressing Edit, then type the desired length of
the interval in seconds and press Submit. The minimum interval allowed
is five seconds. If you must cancel your changes, press Cancel and Refresh.
Pressing Refresh button will restore the current interval length.
Synchronize the sensor time to your computer’s UTC time. This will
ensure that intervals will begin and end at the expected time. Intervals are
timestamped at the end of the interval. To synchronize the sensor time,
click the Synchronize icon, which shows two overlapping clocks.
The other two icons near the bottom of the page are for logging data:
„„ Turn Interval Data Logging On/Off – Turns event logging on and off.
„„
Click on the icon (it shows a clock and light switch) to toggle the switch on
and off. Once you’ve turned it on, you will be prompted to create a new log
file if there is not already an existing one. Now all of the data shown on the
screen will be written to a standard text file that can be viewed at any time.
View Interval Data Log – Opens the log file in a text editor such as
Notepad (see Figure 6.12). The icon shows a clock and paper.
Figure 6.12 – Interval Data Log
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The interval data in the Interval Data Screen is displayed in a table that contains
the lane name, volume, speed, occupancy, and class. The lane at the top of the
table is the lane closest to the sensor. At the bottom of the screen is a status bar
that indicates the time the interval data table was last updated. It also displays
the amount of time that has elapsed since this update.
„„ Lane Name – Displays the string of eight alphanumeric characters that
describes the lane.
„„ Volume – Shows the number of events during the interval.
„„ Interval Lane Speed – Represents the average speed of the lane during the
„„
„„
time of the interval. The speed is displayed either in miles per hour (mph)
or kilometers per hour (kph), depending on your settings.
Occupancy – Displays the percentage of time vehicles occupied the
sensor’s detection zone during the selected interval.
Class – Represents the percentage of vehicles detected as fitting in one of
three length-based classification groupings (Small, Medium, and Large).
Note
To open data logs from anywhere in the Smart Sensor Manager program,
go to File>Data Logs . . . >Open and select the type of log. This will open
the most recently used log.
Data Collection
In this Chapter
„„ Data Collection Setup
„„ Data Download
„„ Data Logs
Once you’ve set up your sensor and lanes, you can collect data for studies. This
chapter outlines the steps necessary for data collection
Data Collection Setup
Go to Data Collection>Setup to prepare your sensor for a study. The screen that
appears is divided into two steps: Configure Data Storage and Configure the
Sensor (see Figure 7.1).
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Figure 7.1 – Data Collection Setup
Step 1: Configure Data Storage
The Interval (Bin) Size option specifies the interval of time over which traffic
variables like volume, speed, occupancy and classification are aggregated. This
type of data is called interval data. The minimum interval allowed is five seconds.
By default, the checkbox next to Memory Overwrite is checked. This means that
your study will run indefinitely and repeatedly overwrite the flash memory
onboard storage. This means that in order to not lose collected data, you must
download it to a log on your computer before it is overwritten.
Alternatively, you can uncheck the Memory Overwrite checkbox. In this case,
the study will run only until the sensor’s flash memory has been filled with
interval data.
Note
Once the flash memory buffer is full, it must be erased before it can be
reused. Before you erase the stored data, you will want to download the
data to a log file on your computer.
The third line under Step 1 displays the Flash Storage Time. This shows the
duration of interval data that a full flash buffer holds, calculated for you as
a number of days and hours. Because of the way flash memory is managed,
the Flash Storage Time will vary based on whether or not you have Memory
Overwrite enabled.
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Step 2: Configure the Sensor
When you are ready to begin the study, click on the Start button to:
„„
„„
„„
„„
Enable flash storage
Save the selected settings to the sensor
Synchronize the sensor date and time
Erase stored data from both SRAM and flash memory
It will take several seconds before the study actually begins. When the study
does begin, the start time will be displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the
screen.
Note
If the start time does not coincide directly with the beginning of an
interval, the first interval in memory will contain a partial aggregation of
data.
Interval Data Buffer Status
As soon as the study begins, the View Interval Data Buffer Status window will
appear. This window shows you how much of the guaranteed onboard storage
space is filled with interval data. If the data collection setup process has just
finished, the storage space should be mostly unused. If you leave this window
open, the status will be updated every 30 seconds. The blue bars indicate the
amount of memory that contains data (see Figure 7.2).
Figure 7.2 – View Interval Data Buffer Status
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Note
This screen can be accessed via the Data Collection Download screen by
clicking on the View Data Buffer Status button.
The sensor’s SRAM buffer contains up to 246 of the most recent interval data
records. This type of storage is temporary because SRAM is volatile—its contents
will be lost if the sensor’s power supply is interrupted. The sensor’s flash
memory buffer contains up to 2975 interval data records. This type of storage is
permament because flash memory is nonvolatile—it will retain its contents even
if the sensor’s power supply is interrupted.
Note
The smallest amount of flash memory that can be erased at one time
represents several interval data records. As a result, if you are collecting
data with the Memory Ovewrite feature enabled, you will not typically see
the buffer fill up 100%. In fact, you may see the usage fall from near 100% to
something near 80%. This is because as usage approaches 100%, a portion
of the oldest contents are erased in order to make room for newer data.
If you want to force the contents of the sensor’s SRAM buffer to be written to
flash memory, click the Transfer>> button.
Data Download
To download interval data stored on the sensor in the SRAM and flash memory
buffers—such as data collected in a study—go to Data Collection>Download.
The screen that comes up is divided into two sections, Download Interval Data
and Interval Data Buffers (see Figure 7.3).
CHAPTER 7 o DATA COLLECTION
Figure 7.3 – Data Download
Download Interval Data
Under the Download Interval Data section, click the Browse button. This will
open a directory box where you can either create a new data download file log
or locate an existing download file log. Once you’ve selected an existing file or
entered the name of the new file, select Open.
Next, select the type of download to perform. The following types of download
sessions are available:
„„ Normal – Retrieves all interval data from the beginning of the study to the
„„
„„
most recent record. The number of lanes per record is determined by the
number of lanes currently configured on the sensor.
Incremental – Retrieves only the interval data that was recorded after the
indicated date and time. The number of lanes per record is determined by
the number of lanes currently configured on the sensor.
Error Recovery – Retrieves the entire contents of the flash memory buffer.
The flash memory buffer contains 2976 records and each record has data
for eight lanes. The contents of SRAM are not retrieved in this mode.
You can perform this type of download to verify the contents of the flash
memory buffer in the event that a normal or incremental download does
not retrieve all the data that you expect to receive.
Once you have selected the type of download, click Download.
Note
Each time a data download is performed, a header is inserted into the log
file that indicates the date of the download.
79
80
CHAPTER 7 o DATA COLLECTION
Data in the SRAM buffer contains the most recent information and will be
downloaded first. If there is any data in the flash buffer, it will be downloaded
second. However, before the data is written to the log file it will be reordered, so
that the oldest data intervals will be near the top of the file.
If you want to cancel the download or if you only want to download a certain
number of intervals, click the Stop button as soon as the desired number of
interval data records are downloaded. Once the download process has stopped,
a window is displayed that indicates number of interval data records that were
downloaded.
Note
If your sensor experienced power cycles during the study, it may have
been impossible for SmartSensor Manager to determine the timestamp of
some of your intervals. The timestamp entry for these intervals will appear
blank. If you have detailed knowledge about the length of the study and
when the power cycles occurred (and for how long), you may be able to
reconstruct the unknown timestamps. Periodic connection to the sensor is
recommended in order to resynchronize the sensor time in case of a power
cycle.
Interval Data Buffers
The second section of the download screen is Interval Data Buffers. This section
has two options, View Data Buffer Status and Erase Data Buffers.
Selecting View Data Buffer Status takes you to the Interval Data Buffer
Status screen; see the Data Collection Setup section of this chapter for more
information.
Note
If you are not sure when your storage space will completely fill up with
data; you can click on the View Data Buffer Status button and monitor
its progress. You can also look at the Flash Storage Time entry on the Data
Collection Setup screen to see how long you have before the flash memory
fills up. Multiply the percentage of remaining storage space by the total
Flash Storage Time to approximate the remaining amount of time before
the storage space will completely fill up.
Selecting Erase Stored Data clears the sensor’s memory and starts fresh. If the
storage space is full, data must be downloaded or erased in order for the study to
continue.
CHAPTER 7 o DATA COLLECTION
Note
If intervals expire during (or immediately after) your download, you will
be prompted to download the new intervals before you erase. If you are
presented with the option to download and erase, it is recommended that
you do so in order to prevent losing data.
Data Logs
Going to File>Data Logs . . . allows you to create new data logs, open existing
ones, and export logs into 3 Card format.
Selecting New and then the type of log—Download, Interval or Event—opens a
directory box where you can create a new log. This file will then be used to log
data. If you created an event log, going to View>Traffic (Event) Data and turning
logging on will fill the log. If you created an interval log, going to View>Interval
Data and turning logging on will fill the log. If you created a download log,
going to Data Collection>Download and downloading data will fill the log.
Note
If you haven’t created a log file when you go to start logging, the program
will prompt you to create one then.
Selecting Open and then the type of log will open the most recently used log in
a text editor such as Notebook.
Note
You can also open event and interval logs by going to View>Traffic (Event)
Data or View>Interval Data and clicking the View Log button; you can
view download logs by selecting the View data file when this window is
closed button after downloading.
Export
Select File>Data Logs . . . >Export to export an interval log or download log to
another file format (see Figure 7.4).
81
82
CHAPTER 7 o DATA COLLECTION
Figure 7.4 – Export Data Logs
First, select the file to export by clicking the “. . .” button next to the Export File
text field. This will open a directory where you can select the log to be exported.
Next is a spot to select the format for export. Currently the only supported
destination file format is 3 Card (for more information about this format, see the
FHWA’s Traffic Monitoring Guide, available from fhwa.dot.gov). Click Continue.
On the following screen, fill out the requested information, which includes a
starting and ending date, a station ID number, the functional classification of the
sensor site, the state you’re located in, and any restrictions. Click Continue when
you’re done.
Note
The starting date and ending date will generally be the first and last day of
data in your interval log file. However, you may wish to set your starting
date and ending date so that you export only certain days.
On the third page, specify the lane assignment number and lane direction. So
that you can tell which lane you’re working with, the lanes are numbered under
the Sensor Log File heading, with the lane closest to the sensor at the top of
the list. While multiple lanes may have the same direction, no two lanes may
have both the same direction and number, unless that number is 0. You can call
multiple lanes 0 in order to group them together (see Figure 7.5).
CHAPTER 7 o DATA COLLECTION
Figure 7.5 – Step 3 of Export Process
Click Finish to create the 3 Card file. (To see the file immediately, click the Open
3 Card export file when finished box.) SmartSensor Manager will take the
entered information and format the file according to 3 Card standards.
83
Tools
In this Chapter
„„ Hyperterminal
„„ Firmware Upload
The Tools menu allows you to view and send messages to and from the sensor,
as well as to upload firmware.
Hyperterminal
Hyperterminal allows you to send message requests and view message
responses for any commands in either Simple or Multi-drop protocols (see Figure
8.1). Enter the request in the text field marked Command Line located near
the top of the screen. Click on the appropriate radio button to either transmit
information all at once after you’ve hit Enter on the keyboard or to automatically
transmit each character as it is typed. The message response will be returned in
the gray scrollable area below the Command Line.
You may also use binary mode to verify operation of binary protocols supported
by SmartSensor by clicking the Binary Mode button.
86
CHAPTER 8 o TOOLS
Figure 8.1 – Hyperterminal
Firmware Upload
When you first connect, the program will prompt you to update your firmware
if it sees a discrepancy between the software and firmware versions, but you can
also go at any time to Tools>Firmware Upload and select a firmware file (.hex)
stored on your computer to upload to your sensor (see Figure 8.2).
Before using something other than the most current firmware version, please
contact Wavetronix Technical Services for assistance.
To upload firmware, click the appropriate radio button for either DSP or FPGA
firmware. Click the Browse . . . button to locate the firmware stored on your
computer; click the UPLOAD button to transfer the firmware to the sensor.
CHAPTER 8 o TOOLS
Figure 8.2 – Firmware Upload
87
Contact Closure Communications
In this Chapter
„„ Selecting the Contact Closure Model
„„ Programming Sensors for Use with Contact Closures
„„ Programming Contact Closures
In many applications, you will not need to use your SmartSensor with contact
closure cards. Often traffic data is collected directly from the sensor via a serial,
modem or Internet connection. However, a contact closure module is often
needed to use a SmartSensor with a traffic controller, traffic data recorder or
other type of data logger.
Selecting the Contact Closure Model
In some applications, all of the contact closure modules listed in Table 9.1 below
could be used, but one model may have major advantages over the others; for
example, the Click! 101 is better for midblock applications.
Model Number
Form Factor Major Advantages
Click! 100
Din rail
Screw terminals for easy wiring to automatic traffic
recorders or data loggers
Click! 101
Din rail
Collection from multiple sensors
Click! 172/174
Rack card
Works with standard ITS and intersection detector
racks (NEMA TS1/TS2, 170, 2070)
Click! 500
Din rail
User-programmable contact closure development
platform for virtually any application.
Table 9.1 – Advantages of Contact Closure Models
90
CHAPTER 9 o CONTACT CLOSURE COMMUNICATIONS
„„ Click! 100 – The Click! 100 is a din rail–mounted contact closure that can
„„
be used in cabinets without detector racks and simplifies integration into
automatic data recorders and data loggers. The wiring harness of the
automatic data recorders can connect directly to the screw terminals of
the Click! 100. Application notes for wiring to common automatic traffic
recorders can be obtained by contacting your authorized Wavetronix
dealer or Wavetronix Technical Services.
Click! 101 – The Click! 101 has the built-in capability of collecting from
multiple SmartSensor units simultaneously, making it an excellent choice
for midblock applications. This allows one Click! 101 to collect traffic data
from all the SmartSensor stations pertaining to an intersection. For arterial
management, the resulting system is very cost-effective and can be rapidly
deployed, especially when wireless communications is included.
Each SmartSensor uses its two communication ports to send real-time
traffic data to both cabinets for which it is collecting data (see Figure 9.1).
The real-time data is used to control the intersection using either local
control strategies or closed-loop control systems like ACS-lite.
Figure 9.1 – SmartSensor Sending Real-time Data to Multiple Approaches Using Dual Ports
„„ Click! 172/174 – The Click! 172/174 are contact closure cards that allow
the SmartSensor to integrate into standard ITS and intersection detector
racks. The Click! 172 has two contact closure outputs and the Click! 174 has
four. The Click! 172/174 are commonly used in legacy ITS cabinets or for
midblock intersection detection. Multiple modules can be daisy-chained
together to collect data from all eight lanes possible with SmartSensor.
Unlike the Click! 101, which actively collects information from multiple
sensors, each Click! 172/174 is dedicated to a single sensor. During
programming, the Click! 172/174 cards transmit configuration information
to SmartSensor to set up the mode of operation. Once the mode is set up,
the rack cards stop transmitting messages and passively listen for data
pushed by the sensor.
CHAPTER 9 o CONTACT CLOSURE COMMUNICATIONS
Tip
In many cases, the traffic data detected by SmartSensor is valuable to both
operations and planning departments. However, when legacy systems are
used, often there is no mechanism to directly share the data. Even with the
limitations of legacy systems, contact closures can sometimes provide a
way for operations and planning to both get what they need from a single
sensor. For example, the operations department can collect traffic data into
a traffic controller via a Click! 172/174 over one of the SmartSensor’s two
ports. Then the planning department can use the second port to send data
to an automatic traffic data recorder via a Click! 100.
„„ Click! 500 – The Click! 500 is a user-programmable contact closure
platform for virtually any application. For example, the Click! 500 can be
programmed to activate a contact closure output when vehicles over a
specified speed and length are detected. To accelerate development, the
Click! 500 will provide developers with SmartSensor communication
drivers.
For a full description of each module refer to the Click! quick-start guides, user
manuals and bid specifications. Or contact your authorized Wavetronix dealer or
Wavetronix Technical Services for more information.
Programming Sensors for Use with Contact Closures
„„ Click! 100 – The Click! 100 supports baud rates from 9600 to 57600 bps.
„„
„„
When using a Click! 100, make sure your SmartSensor is set to operate at a
baud rate in this range.
Click! 101 – The Click! 101 modules support baud rates from 9600 to 115200
bps. The Click! 101 identifies each sensor by its sensor ID. Before you
configure the Click! 101, you can retrieve the sensor ID using SmartSensor
Manager over communication link.
Click! 172/174 – The Click! 172/174 modules support baud rates from 9600
to 57600 bps. When using a Click! 172/174 device, make sure SmartSensor
is set to operate at a baud rate in this range. To select which SmartSensor
lanes are mapped to the Click! 172/174 outputs, the lane names of the
SmartSensor need to be set up correctly using SmartSensor Manager. The
first character of the lane name should take on the value 0 to 9. The second
character can take on a value R or L to represent the direction traffic is
flowing. For example, lane names could be 1R (right to left) or 1L (left to
right).
91
92
CHAPTER 9 o CONTACT CLOSURE COMMUNICATIONS
Note
The SmartSensor default loop size and spacing will change the values of
SmartSensor data. The default loop size is used in the calculation of lane
occupancy, vehicle duration and vehicle length. The default loop spacing
is used in the calculation of vehicle speed and length. The Click! 100 and
172/174 also use these settings to change the duration and spacing of contact
closures signaled on their output pins. If your SmartSensor is connected to
a contact closure device and you are also retrieving data serially, first adjust
the default loop size and spacing to match the inductive loop setup that
you’re trying to emulate, then adjust the individual lane size and spacing
values used to calculate the per lane scale factors.
„„ Click! 500 – The Click! 500 modules support baud rates from 9600 to
115200 bps. Any special programming of SmartSensor for an application
running on the Click! 500 will be explained in the documentation for that
application.
Programming Contact Closures
The contact closure modules have several modes of operation explained in their
respective quick-start guides and user manuals. Consult this documentation to
determine the mode appropriate for your application. This documentation will
explain how to program each mode.
Appendix
In the Appendix
„„
„„
„„
„„
A – Cable Connector Definitions
B – Old Cable Connector Definitions
C – Cable Lengths
D – Direct Serial Connections
Appendix A – Cable Connector Definitions
The SmartSensor cable is composed of three groups of wires, each containing colorcoded wires and a drain wire and surrounded by a shield. Table A.1 details the
pinout of the cable and the appropriate connection inside the cabinet for each wire:
Wire
Description
Red
+DC
Black
-DC
Drain
GND
Blue
-485
White
+485
Drain
485 GND
Yellow
232 (TD)
Violet
232 (RD)
Drain
GND
Orange
RTS
Brown
CTS
Gray
232 GND
Table A.1 – SmartSensor Cable and Cabinet Connection
94
APPENDIX
See Figure A.1 for a diagram of the previously used SmartSensor cable’s 25-pin
socket assignment. The codes listed in the diagram are to be used to solder wires
into the back of the plug where the letters represent the individual solder cups.
Figure A.1 – SmartSensor 105 Plug Connector Socket Assignment
Appendix B – Old Cable Connector Definitions
The previously used SmartSensor cable is composed of six twisted pairs of wire.
Each pair is composed of a black and a red wire, accompanied by a drain wire
and surrounded by a shield. A numeric label (1 through 6) identifies each pair of
black and red wires. Table A.2 details the pinout of the cable and the appropriate
connection inside the cabinet for each wire:
Cable
Description
Red 1
+DC
Black 1
-DC
Drain of Pair 1
GND
Red 2
+DC
Black 2
-DC
Drain of Pair 2
GND
APPENDIX
Red 3
+485
Black 3
-485
Drain of Pair 3
485 GND
Red 4
232 (TD) output from sensor
Black 4
232 (RD) input to sensor
Drain of Pair 4
232 GND
Pair 5
Reserved for future use
Red 6
CTS flow for 232
Black 6
RTS flow for 232
Table A.2 – Cabinet Connection
Use Figure A.2 below if you are using the old SmartSensor cable:
Figure A.2 – Click! 200 Wiring (Old)
See Figure A.3 below for a diagram of the previously used SmartSensor cable’s
25-pin socket assignment. The codes listed in the diagram are to be used to
solder wires into the back of the plug where the letters represent the individual
solder cups.
95
96
APPENDIX
Figure A.3 – Old SmartSensor SS105 Plug Connector Socket Assignment
Communication between the SmartSensor and PC can be established using
the RS-232 DTE specifications, along with the use of a null modem cable and
the standard 9-pin “D” male connector. Please use the following guidelines for
connecting the SmartSensor cable to the serial connection on a PC or modem
when not using a Click! 200.
Note
The RS-232 pinouts remain the same on the SmartSensor cable regardless
of whether you’re connecting to a PC or a modem. If you’re connecting to
a PC, a null modem cable is required. If you’re connecting to a modem or
other DCE device, then a straight-through serial cable is used.
APPENDIX
RS-232
RS-485
Power
Table A.3 below shows the individual wiring of both the new and old
SmartSensor cables and how they correspond.
Orion Color-Coded Cable
Beldin 9331 Cable
Red
Red 1, Red 2
Black
Black 1, Black 2
Drain
None
White
Red 3
Blue
Black 3
Drain
Drain 3
Yellow
Red 4
Violet
Black 4
Orange
Black 6
Brown
Red 6
Gray
Drain 4
Drain
Drain 4
None
Red 5, Black 5, Drain 5, Drain 6
Table A.3 – Belden 9331 (Old Cable) Conversions
Appendix C – Cable Lengths
The recommendations in Table A.4 below allow you to provide reliable power
to the SmartSensor. The SmartSensor cable’s red and black wires provide a 20
AWG wire pair. The other pairs on the SmartSensor cable are 22 AWG and are
normally used for communication.
Cable Gauge
24 Volts
12 Volts
20 AWG (SS Cable)
600 ft. (182.9 m)
110 ft. (33.5 m)
Additional 22 AWG
Add 400 ft. (121.9 m)
Add 75 ft. (22.9 m)
22 AWG (Old SS Cable)
400 ft. (121.9 m)
75 ft. (22.9 m)
Additional 22 AWG
Add 400 ft. (121.9 m)
Add 75 ft. (22.9 m)
14 AWG
2500 ft. (762 m)
450 ft. (137.2 m)
12 AWG
3900 ft. (1188.7 m)
700 ft. (213.4 m)
10 AWG
6000 ft. (1828.8 m)
1050 ft. (320 m)
8 AWG
9900 ft. (3017.5 m)
1750 ft. (533.4 m)
6 AWG
14,000 ft. (4267.2 m)
2500 ft. (762 m)
Table A.4 – Maximum Cable Length for Power
If the cable length is longer than 600 ft. (182.9 m) when operating at 24 V, it is
97
98
APPENDIX
possible to increase the maximum cable length by wiring a pair of lines normally
used for RS-232 communications with the red and black wires.
If the cable length is 200 ft. (61 m) or greater you cannot reliably use RS-232
communications. To add 400 ft. (121.9 m) and achieve a maximum cable length of
1000 ft. (304.8 m), connect the orange wire (normally RTS) to the red wire and the
brown wire (normally CTS) to the black wire.
If your cable run is longer than 1000 ft. (304.8 m), it is possible to sacrifice
additional communication pairs to increase the maximum cable length for
power. However, you may desire to communicate to the sensor over two
independent channels, in which case you will need to consider an alternate cable
for power. The AWG for wire pairs that achieve a 2000 ft. (609.6 m) maximum
cable length or greater at 12 and 24 V are listed in Table A.5.
To achieve reliable wired communications, the selected baud rate must be
compatible with the length of the cable run. Table A.5 below shows the cable
length recommendations for wired communications:
Baud Rate (bps)
RS-232
RS-485
115200
40 ft. (12.2 m)
300 ft. (91.4 m)
57600
60 ft. (18.3 m)
600 ft. (182.9 m)
38400
100 ft. (30.5 m)
800 ft. (243.8)
19200
140 ft. (42.7 m)
1000 ft. (304.8 m)
9600
200 ft. (61 m)
2000 ft. (609.6 m)
Table A.5 – Maximum Cable Length for Wired Communications
To provide two independent communication channels with a homerun cable
length over 200 ft. (61 m), convert the RS-232 data into RS-485 using a Click! 304
in a pole-mount cabinet mounted next to the sensor. In this case, the homerun
connection establishes one RS-485 channel over the normal white/blue wire
pair and another RS-485 channel over the yellow/violet wire pair. An additional
Click! 304 is needed to convert the data sent over the yellow/violet wire pair back
to RS-232 before connecting to surge protection.
If you elect to use an alternate cable for power, you may also want to select an
alternate cable for RS-485 communications. Some options include the Belden
3105A (Paired – EIA Industrial RS-485 PLTC/CM) or Alpha Wire 6010C 3PR 22
AWG.
There are many reliable options available for wired power and communications
connections (see Table A.6).
APPENDIX
Length
Cable
Comm. Channel 1
Comm. Channel 2
0–200 ft. (0–61 m) SmartSensor Cable Native RS-485
Native RS-232
200–1000 ft.
(61–304.8 m)
SmartSensor Cable Native RS-485
Click! conversion of
RS-232 to RS-485
1000–1400 ft.
(304.8–426.7 m)
SmartSensor Cable Native RS-485
N/A
1400–2000 ft.
(426.7–609.6 m)
Alternate
power and
communications
cable
Click! conversion of
RS-485 to RS-232
Native RS-485
Table A.6 – Cable Length Options
Appendix D – Direct Serial Connections
For most applications, the service end of the SmartSensor cable terminates in a
surge protection device. However, during demonstrations, troubleshooting, and
certain other situations, it is sometimes convenient to bypass surge protection
and connect directly to a personal computer or communications device such as a
modem.
The sensor is configured as an RS-232 DTE device. To connect the SmartSensor
cable’s RS-232 wires directly to another DTE device (such as a PC), you can use
a standard 9-pin “D” connector and a null modem cable. To connect directly to
a DCE device (such as a modem), you will need a straight-through cable. Figure
A.4 illustrates both of these cases.
Figure A.4 – Direct Serial Connections
99
100
APPENDIX
Note
If you do not have the right type of RS-232 physical connection you will
not be able to connect using the SmartSensor Manager software. Since null
modem cables and straight-through cables look similar, you may want
to label them. Alternatively, you may want to use a null modem adapter
instead of a null modem cable. If you do, you can turn your straightthrough cable into a null modem cable by attaching the adapter on one end.
If you wish to connect the SmartSensor cable’s RS-485 wires directly to a
PC or modem, this will require that these devices natively support RS-485
communications. Often, modern personal computers do not support RS-485
communications and support USB communications instead. If your computer
only supports USB communications, you may want to use a Click! serial to USB
converter to make a direct connection.

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