Wi Lan EB01 Wireless Ethernet Bridge User Manual Hopper 120 24

Wi Lan Inc Wireless Ethernet Bridge Hopper 120 24

Users Manual with RF safety statement

Hopper Plus 120-24Wireless Ethernet Bridge Installation and Configuration Guide Version 1.0 Rev B08/00
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 i Contents Notices ..................................................................................... v Copyright Notice ........................................................................................ vRegulatory Notice ...................................................................................... vOther Notices ............................................................................................ viContacting Wi-LAN ................................................................................... vi Contacting Customer Support vi Description .............................................................................. 1 Hopper Plus 120-24 Wireless Ethernet Bridge ..........................................1 Making a Wireless Bridge 1Creating a Wireless Network 2About Hopper Plus Units 2 Hardware Description ................................................................................3 Shipping Package Contents 3Hopper Plus 120-24 Unit 3 Hopper Plus 120-24 Specifications ............................................................6 Installation ............................................................................... 9 Basic Installation Steps ..............................................................................9Configuring a Unit as a Base ...................................................................10Testing Basic Operation ..........................................................................11 Performing a Bench Test 11Performing a Simple Network Test 13 Configuration ........................................................................ 15 Accessing the Main Menu ........................................................................16 Accessing Main Menu with MANAGEMENT Port 16Accessing Units via telnet 17Setting VT100 Arrows 18 Configuring with the Main Menu ..............................................................19Unit Identification .....................................................................................20
ii Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 Viewing Unit Identification 20Setting Unit Identification 21 Hardware/Software Revision ................................................................... 23 Viewing System Revision Information 23 System Software ROM Images ............................................................... 24 Viewing System Software ROM Images 24 Current System Status ............................................................................ 25 Viewing Current System Status 25 IP Network Configuration ........................................................................ 26 Setting the Internet IP Address and Subnet Mask 26Setting the Default Gateway IP Address 27Setting the SNMP NMS Trap IP Address 28 IP Filter Configuration .............................................................................. 29RF Station Configuration ......................................................................... 32 Setting Test Mode Time 32Setting the Operating Mode 33Setting the RF Transmit Status 35Setting the Link Monitor Period 36Setting Maximum Remote Distance (Base Station Only) 37Setting Link Monitor Remote Station Rank(Base Station Only) 38Setting Throttling (Remote Station Only) 40 Radio Module Configuration .................................................................... 41 Setting the Station Type 42Setting the Station Rank 43Setting the Center Frequency 44Setting Security Passwords 45Setting the Scrambling Code 46Setting the Acquisition Code 47Setting Config Test Minutes 48Setting Repeater Mode (Base Station Only) 49Setting System Symmetry Type (Base Station Only) 50Setting Dynamic Polling Level (Base Station Only) 51 Setting Remote Unit RF Group 52Rebooting and Saving RF Configurations 53 RF/Ethernet Statistics .............................................................................. 55 Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics 55 System Security ...................................................................................... 58 Setting Community Names 58Setting Login Passwords 59Setting Remote Access 60Setting the Automatic Timeout 61 System Commands ................................................................................. 62 Setting Default System Image 62Setting the Reboot System Image 63Rebooting the Current Image 63Restoring Configurations 64
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 iii Resetting the RF/Ethernet Statistics 64 Link Monitor Display .................................................................................66 Viewing Link Monitor Statistics 66 Logout ......................................................................................................67 Logging Out 67 Setting Operating Mode with the MODE Button ......................................68 Using the MODE Button 68 Command Line Interface .........................................................................70 Using Basic Commands 70 Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link ......................... 71 Planning the Physical Layout ...................................................................71 Measuring the Physical Distance Between Units 71Determining Antenna Requirements 71Determining Cable Requirements 72Calculating Fade Margins 72Determining Environmental Requirements 72 Optimizing the RF Link .............................................................................72 Overview 72Working with System Gain 74Calculating EIRP (Effective Isotropically Radiated Power) 75Optimizing Antenna Gain 76Calculating Propagation Loss 76Working with the Fresnel Zone 76Calculating Cable Loss 77Calculating Path Loss 78Working with the Fade Margin 78 Link Budget Example ...............................................................................79Antenna Basics ........................................................................................80 Antenna Parameters 80Implementation Considerations 81Selecting Antennas 82Wi-LAN’s Antenna Selection 82Antenna Installation Factors 82Minimal Clearance Above Obstructions 84Installing Antennas 84Fine-tuning Antennas 85Co-locating Units 85 Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal .....................................87 Starting HyperTerminal ............................................................................87Determining the Communications Port ....................................................91 Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network .............93
iv Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 Checking the Network Adaptor Installation ............................................. 93Configuring the Network .......................................................................... 94Enabling the Sharing Feature on the Hard Disk Drive ............................ 97 Appendix D: SNMP MIB ....................................................... 99 About SNMP MIB .................................................................................... 99Wi-LAN Object Identifier Nodes ............................................................ 100Using Object Identifier Nodes ............................................................... 101 Appendix E: Technical Reference Information ................ 111 Front Panel LEDs .................................................................................. 111Power Connector Pinout ....................................................................... 112 Glossary .............................................................................. 113Index .................................................................................... 121
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 v Notices Copyright Notice Copyright' August 2000 Wi-LAN, Inc.All rights reserved.This guide and the application and hardware described herein are furnished under license and are subject to a confidentiality agreement. The software and hardware can be used only in accordance with the terms and conditions of this agreement.No part of this guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, or otherwise, including photocopying and recording without the express written permission of Wi-LAN, Inc.While every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this guide is correct, Wi-LAN, Inc. does not warrant the information is free of errors or omissions.Information contained in this guide is subject to change without notice. Regulatory Notice The Hopper Plus 120-24 product presented in this guide complies with the following regulations and/or regulatory bodies:¥ RSS-210 and/or RSS-139 of Industry Canada¥ FCC Part 15¥ CEPT/ERC Recommendations, ETS 300-328,ETS 300-826, and EN 60950Operation is subject to the following two conditions:¥ this device may not cause interference, and¥ this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.This equipment generates, uses, and radiates radio frequency and, if not installed and used in accordance with this guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following methods:¥ reorient or relocate the receiving antenna,¥ increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.¥ connect equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Notices vi Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 ¥ consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.¥ selecting and testing different channels, if employing 2.4 GHz equipment.As the Hopper Plus 120-24 is used on a license-exempt, non-frequency coordinated, unprotected spectrum allocation, and thus can be subject to random unidentified interference, applications must not be those of a primary control where a lack of intercommunication could cause danger to property, process, or person. An alternative fail-safe should be designed into any system to ensure safe operation or shut down, should communication be lost for any reason. Other Notices ¥ Changes or modifications to the equipment not expressly approved by Wi-LAN, Inc., could void the user s authority to operate the equipment.¥ Appropriately shielded remote I/O serial cable with the metal connector shell and cable shield properly connected to chassis ground shall be used to reduce the radio frequency interference.¥ FCC radio frequency exposure limits may be exceeded at distances closer than 23 centimeters from the antenna of this device.¥ All antenna installation work shall be carried out by a knowledgeable and professional installer.¥ Use only a power adapter approved by Wi-LAN. Contacting Wi-LAN You can contact Wi-LAN applications engineers to help troubleshoot your Wi-LAN products and to plan your wireless network applications. Contacting Customer Support You can contact Wi-LAN customer support at the locations listed below:You can also contact the Wi-LAN dealer or representative in your region. Phone or email Wi-LAN for information about the dealer in your area. Mailing Address Wi-LAN, Inc.Suite 300, 801 Manning Road N.E.Calgary, Alberta CANADAT2E 8J5Tel: +1-403-273-9133 Canada and USA Call toll free: 1-800-258-6876Available from: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (GMT-7:00)Outside North America Call: +1-403-273-9133Available from: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (GMT-7:00)All locations Send an e-mail message to: techsupport@wi-lan.com
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 1 Description Hopper Plus 120-24 Wireless Ethernet Bridge The Hopper Plus 120-24 is a wireless Ethernet bridge that provides high-speed, wireless connectivity at a fraction of the cost of wired solutions. It uses multi-code direct sequence spread spectrum technology over the license-exempt, 2.4 - 2.4835 GHz ISM radio band. The maximum data rate is 12.0 Mbps.The Hopper Plus 120-24:¥ provides wireless connectivity at speeds up to eight times faster than regular T1 lines, making the Hopper Plus ideal for providing high-speed Internet access or for wirelessly extending existing communications infrastructures.¥ supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint networks. Contentionless polling ensures efficient access to remote data networks.¥ is self-contained and easy to use. Simply connect a Hopper Plus 120-24 to each LAN segment, and the unit automatically learns where nodes are located on the network and performs dynamic packet filtering to ensure the local LAN traffic does not overload the wireless connection. Making a Wireless Bridge The simplest example of using the Hopper Plus 120-24 is a point-to-point wireless bridge, which requires a minimum of two units: a base unit and a remote unit. The units make a high-speed wireless communication link between two wired network segments. Point-to-Point Wireless Bridge.BaseWired NetworkRemoteRouterMain Wired NetworkRouteror RepeaterHubSwitchFirewallSwitchHubFirewallWireless Link
Description 2 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 Creating a Wireless Network You can create a wireless network by adding remotes and taking advantage of the point-to-multipoint capabilities of the Hopper Plus 120-24. Up to 255 remote units can be contained in a wireless network. Point-to-Multipoint Wireless Network About Hopper Plus Units Base Station: A Hopper Plus 120-24 can operate as a remote unit or a base station, however, at least one unit in the network must be configured as a base. A base station is the central control unit of the wireless network. The base station polls all remote units and controls how traffic is routed to and from remotes. The base usually connects to a major access point of the wired network. The antenna of the base station must be capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals to and from all the remote units in a system. If remotes are spread over a large area, an omni-directional antenna is usually required. Remote Units: Remote units link wired segments of the network wirelessly to the main network (via the base station). Remotes can limit the amount of data passed by the remote (a function called throttling), and they can filter specific data packets. Because remote units need to communicate only with the base station, their antennas can be more directional and have higher gains than base antennas. Repeaters: A base unit can also be configured as a repeater. A repeater is needed when remote units cannot communicate directly with each other, but direct transfers of data between them are necessary (as in a true WAN). When configured as a repeater, the base station passes data packets between remote stations based on the remote group status and the MAC (Media Access Control) address filter. Remote stations ignore the packets they hear from other remotes, and listen only to the repeated packets from the base. See Setting Repeater Mode (Base Station Only) , page 49 for more information.BaseRemoteRouterRemoteRouterWired NetworkWired NetworkWired NetworkRemoteRouterMain Wired NetworkRouteror RepeaterHubSwitchHubSwitchFirewallFirewallSwitchHubFirewallSwitchHubFirewall
Hardware DescriptionVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 3 Hardware Description Shipping Package Contents When you receive a Hopper Plus, the shipping package contains the following items:¥ Hopper Plus 120-24 unit¥ indoor antenna¥ power supply cord¥ AC/DC power adapter¥ straight-through ethernet cable (RJ45)¥ crossover ethernet cable (RJ45)¥ DB9 (M) to DB25 (F) adaptor¥ RS-232 DB9 serial cable¥ Installation and Configuration Guide¥ Warranty CardIf any of the above items are not included in the Hopper Plus 120-24 shipping package, contact Wi-LAN customer support immediately. Hopper Plus 120-24 Unit The Hopper Plus 120-24 has connectors and LEDs on the front and back panels. Front PanelLED IndicatorsRS-232 Management Port
Description 4 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 The the front panel connector and LEDs are described below. The color of a LED indicates its status See Front Panel LEDs , page 111 for detailed information.Connectors for power, antenna and wired network are located on the back panel, as well as a mode button and a link LED. Rear Panel MANAGEMENT PortAn RS-232, DB9 connector used to communicate with a PC. Use this port to configure, test and set up the Hopper Plus.AIR LED Color of LED indicates the status of the wireless link during transmit, receive, or listen. Normal color: Orange.MODE LED Color of LED indicates the test status of the unit when unit is in test mode. Normal color: Off.WIRE LED Color of LED indicates the status of the wire link during transmit, receive, transmit and receive, or listen. Normal color: Green, Red, Orange or Off.POWER LED Shows the status of the unit’s power. Normal color: Green.MODE buttonLINK LEDNetworkPortPower ConnectorAntenna(TNC)Connector
Hardware DescriptionVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 5 Items located on the back panel are described below: ANTENNA Connector The antenna connector is located at the top left of the rear panel. It is TNC (Threaded N-type Connector) male or female. This port should always be connected to an antenna directly or through a 50 ohm coaxial cable.POWER Connector 3-pin power connector. See Power Connector Pinout , page 112 for detailed pinout illustration.MODE Button The mode button can be used to set the operating mode of a unit without a terminal. See Setting Operating Mode with the MODE Button , page 68 for information about the mode button.10/100 BASET A standard RJ45 female connector. To connect to a PC Ethernet card, you must use the crossover twisted-pair cable (provided). To connect to a hub, use a straight-through twisted-pair cable.LINK LED The color of the LED indicates the data rate and status of the twisted-pair connection.Green = 10 BaseT link, functioning properly.Orange = 100 BaseT link, functioning properly.Off = No link.
Description 6 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 Hopper Plus 120-24 Specifications General Specifications Modulation Method: Multi-Code Direct Sequence Spread SpectrumWireless Data Rate: 12 MbpsRF Frequency Range: 2.4 - 2.4835 MHz (unlicensed ISM band)Number of Center Frequencies: 7 independent, 3 concurrentPower Requirements: 48W @ 12VDC (via 110/240 VAC 50/60 Hz adaptor)Physical Dimensions: 24 x 8 x 21 centimeters(9.5 x 3.2 x 8.3 inches) Radio Specifications Antenna Connector: Reverse TNC TNC Output Power: +18.5 dBmReceiver Sensitivity: – 83 dBmProcessing Gain: >10 dB Network Support Packet Format: IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II(High-level protocol transparent)LAN Connection: 10/100 BaseT (autonegotiates)Bridge Functionality: Local Packet Filtering (self-learning), Static IP address filtering, throttling capability Wireless Networking Protocols Network Topologies: Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint, Multipoint-to-MultipointRepeater Mode: User ConfigurableRF Collision Management: Dynamic Polling, with Dynamic Time Allocation Security Data Scrambling: User ConfigurableData Security Password: Security password of up to 20 bytes in length (10 48 combinations) Configuration, Management, and Diagnostics Configuration Methods: SNMP, Telnet, and RS-232 Management Port
Hopper Plus 120-24 SpecificationsVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 7 SNMP: Version I compliant (RFC 1157), MIB standard and enterprise (RFC 1213)Management Port Functionality: Supports system configuration, security, access control, wireless LAN diagnostics and management, menu-driven ASCII interface via RS-232 DB-9. Environment Units must be located in a weatherproof environment with an ambient temperature from 0 to 40º Celsius and humidity 0 – 95% non-condensing.
Description 8 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 9 InstallationBasic Installation StepsThe following basic steps are required to successfully install your Hopper Plus 120-24 wireless bridge. For detailed information about performing the steps, see the references provided.1. Plan your network. Before you install any equipment, you need to determine the phys-ical layout of your wireless link, plan antenna and fade margin requirements, and opti-mize the wireless link. For help, refer to Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link or contact Wi-LAN customer support. You will require a minimum of two Hopper Plus units (one configured as a base, and one configured as a remote) to create a wireless link between two wired network segments.2. Check the contents of each shipping carton to ensure all the required parts are present. See Hardware Description, page 3 for a list of parts.3. Configure one Hopper Plus unit as a base station. See Configuring a Unit as a Base, page 10. (Units come from the factory configured as remotes).4. Test the basic operation of the bridge. See Testing Basic Operation, page 11 for more information.5. Place the units in their field locations and connect them to antennas, the wired net-work, and power. Warning: External antennas must be professionally installed and follow accepted safety, grounding, electrical, and civil engineering standards. Always connect an antenna to the ANTENNA port before you power up a unit or you can damage a unit.6. Configure each unit as follows:l View and set the Unit Identification. See Viewing Unit Identification, page 20 and Setting Unit Identification, page 21.l Set the Station Rank. See Setting the Station Rank, page 43.l Set the Center Frequency. See Setting the Center Frequency, page 44.l Set the Security Passwords. See Setting Security Passwords, page 45.l Set the Acquisition Code. See Setting the Acquisition Code, page 47.l Set the Remote Unit RF Group. See Setting Remote Unit RF Group, page 52.l Change the default passwords. See Setting Login Passwords, page 59.7. Test the installed wireless network using ping, ftp, or file transfers.If you have problems, contact Wi-LAN customer support.
Installation10 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Configuring a Unit as a BaseHopper Plus 120-24 units are delivered from the factory configured as remote units. To make a wireless bridge, you need to configure one unit as a base unit (base station). All other units in the wireless network can remain configured as remote units (so you do not need to change the "station type" of remotes). No user software is required to install a unit.To configure one unit as a base unit1. Connect a PC to the MANGAGEMENT port to the Hopper Plus unit that will be the base unit.Connecting PC to MANAGEMENT Port2. Start the terminal emulation program (for example, HyperTerm¤—see Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal, page 87).3. Press Enter. Enter the default password (choose supervisor). The Main Menu is displayed.AIRMODEWIREPOWERPLUSHopper Plus UnitPCSerial Cableto PC COM portManagement Port
Testing Basic OperationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 114. Select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.5. Select Station Type.6. Select Base Unit and press Enter.7. Select Reboot New RF configuration and press Enter. The unit reboots.8. Log in to the unit.9. Select Save Current Config to Flash and press Enter. The settings are stored in flash memory.10. Select Logout from the Main Menu to exit.Testing Basic OperationWi-LAN recommends that you bench test units before placing them the field. You should first perform a standalone test, then test the bridge as part of a simple network.Once one unit has been set to a base unit, it can then be used to test all other remote units without making configuration changes to the remotes.(Units are shipped from factory configured as remotes).Performing a Bench TestTo perform a bench test of the bridge1. Ensure that you have configured a unit as a base unit.2. Ensure that the station type of all other units is Remote Unit. See Setting the Station Type, page 42. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type -> Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100)Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Installation12 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/003. Locate base unit and one remote unit at least twenty meters apart with a clear line of sight between them.4. Attach the provided indoor antenna to the antenna port of each unit, and orient the antenna vertically.5. Power up both units.Basic Test Setup6. Observe the AIR LED of each unit and look for normal status. A normal status is indicated when the AIR LEDs on the base and the remote unit are both orange. The status of the AIR LED is indicated as follows.Note: If antennas are too close together, the strong transmit signal will cause distortion at the receiveing unit. You can fine-tune antennas by physically moving the antenna. When the remote antenna is correctly aligned, the AIR LED is orange, indicating that data from the base station is being received and acknowledged. 7. Run the Link Monitor test on the remote unit. See Setting Link Monitor Remote Station Rank (Base Station Only), page 38. Check for RSSI below 40% and BER = 0. If you have problems ensure that the unit is configured to its basic default settings or contact Wi-LAN customer support.8. Disable Link Monitor. 9. When both AIR LEDs are orange, power down both units and perform the simple network test. See Performing a Simple Network Test, page 13.Orange (both stations) The stations are continuously sending and receiving sync packets.Red (base station) The stations are configured incorrectly, and the base station is transmitting without receiving acknowledgment.Green (remote station) The stations are configured incorrectly, and the remote station is receiving packets to which it cannot respond.Off Nothing is being received (by the remote) or transmitted (from the base).AIRMODEWIREPOWERPLUS20mminimumAIR LED = orangeBase Unit Remote UnitAIRMODEWIREPOWERPLUSAIR LED = orangeIndoorAntennaIndoorAntenna
Testing Basic OperationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 13Performing a Simple Network TestTo perform a simple network test1. Connect one Hopper Plus 120-24 to the LAN.2. Connect a PC from your network directly to the other Hopper Plus 120-24 (connect with a 10/100 BaseT crossover cable if no hub is used).Note: Cabling between 10/100 BaseT nodes is generally done through a net-work hub. To make a direct 10/100 BaseT connection between a Hopper Plus 120-24 and a PC, you need a standard crossover cable (swap pins 1&3; 2&6).Simple Network Test Setup3. Power up each Hopper Plus 120-24 unit. Initially the LEDs should appear as follows:4. Create some network traffic to test the bridge (for example, transfer a file across the bridge). The WIRE LED indicates the activity. See Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network, page 93 for more information.5. Repeat the steps for each remote you install.6. To test network configuration further, see Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network, page 93 for moreinformation about configuring simple peer-to-peer networks.POWER LED GreenMODE LED OffAIR LED OrangeAIR LED = orangeBase Unit Remote UnitMODE LED = OffPOWER LED = GreenAIR LED = orangeMODE LED = OffPOWER LED = GreenPCLAN10/100 BaseT HUB10 BaseT CableDirect 10 BaseT Cable (Crossover)AIRMODEWIREPOWERPLUSAIRMODEWIREPOWERPLUS20mminimumIndoorAntennaCables connect to10 BaseT network port(StraightThrough)Cable10 BaseT
Installation14 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 15ConfigurationThis section explains how to access and use the main configuration menu (called the Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 Main Menu, and shown below). In this section, each item in the Main Menu is described in the order that it appears in the menu.Use the Main Menu and your keyboard keys to select, view or change settings. Some items in the menu simply display information, while others ask you to enter data or make a selection from a list.Main Menu Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 Main Menu -> Unit Identification Hardware/Software Revision System Software ROM Images Current System Status IP Network Configuration IP Filter Configuration RF Station Configuration Radio Module Configuration RF/Ethernet Statistics System Security System Commands Link Monitor Display Logout
Configuration16 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Accessing the Main MenuYou can access the Main Menu via the MANAGEMENT port or a telnet session.You can also configure the Hopper Plus 120-24 remotely with the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) manager. See Appendix D: SNMP MIB, page 99 for information about SNMP.Accessing Main Menu with MANAGEMENT Port To access the Main Menu through the MANAGEMENT port1. Disconnect the power from the Hopper Plus unit.2. Connect a serial cable from a DB9 serial port on the PC to the MANAGEMENT port on the Hopper Plus (adaptors are shipped with the unit). See Configuring a Unit as a Base, page 10.3. Start a terminal emulation program (such as Hyperterm) on the PC. See Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal.4. Set the terminal emulation program to emulate a VT100 terminal with the following settings:¥ COM port PC serial port connected to Hopper Plus unit¥ Bits per second: 9600¥ Data bits: 8¥ Parity: none¥ Stop bits: 1¥ Flow control: none5. Reconnect the power to the Hopper Plus unit.6. Press Enter. The Login menu is displayed.7. Type the default password, or type your password.The Main Menu is displayed.Login Account Default Password PrivilegesUser user Read OnlySupervisor supervisor Read and WriteWi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 LoginSoftware: Rev 0.0.0 (May 25 2000 10:13:37)Hardware: Rev 0.0.0 (4MB SDRAM, 4MB Intel Flash)Enter Password:
Accessing the Main MenuVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 17Accessing Units via telnetTo access units via telnet1. Ensure that the unit s Internet IP address has been configured, the unit has a working Ethernet connection, and wire and remote access has been enabled (see Setting Remote Access, page 60).2. Ensure that the VT100 Arrows feature in your telnet session is enabled. See Setting VT100 Arrows, page 18.3. From a VT100 terminal, or emulation program, type telnet <IP address> where <IP address> is the address of the unit that you want to configure.4. Press Enter. The Login menu is displayed.5. Type the default password (user or supervisor) or type your personal password.The Main Menu is displayed.Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 LoginSoftware: Rev 0.0.0 (May 25 2000 10:13:37)Hardware: Rev 0.0.0 (4MB SDRAM, 4MB Intel Flash)Enter Password:
Configuration18 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting VT100 ArrowsTo set the VT100 arrows in Microsoft telnet1. In the active Microsoft telnet 1.0 session, select Terminal, Preferences from the menu bar. The Terminal Preferences window is displayed.2. Click the VT100 Arrows checkbox.3. Click OK. The VT100 arrows are enabled in the telnet session. You can now use the keyboard arrow keys to navigate the configuration menus.
Configuring with the Main MenuVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 19Configuring with the Main MenuThis section describes how to configure units with the Main Menu. Menu items are presented in the order they appear in the menu shown below.Main Menu Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 Main Menu -> Unit Identification Hardware/Software Revision System Software ROM Images Current System Status IP Network Configuration IP Filter Configuration RF Station Configuration Radio Module Configuration RF/Ethernet Statistics System Security System Commands Link Monitor Display Logout
Configuration20 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Unit IdentificationViewing Unit IdentificationYou can view a unit s serial number, production date, and MAC address in the Unit Identification menu. These fields are view only and are set at the factory.To view unit identification1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification The Unit Identification window is displayed. whereSerial Number Unique serial number of the unit (Read Only).Production Date Date that the unit was produced (Read Only).Ethernet MAC Address Unique Internet MAC address for the unit (Read Only). Unit Identification Serial Number Serial-Number Production Date 01-01-2000 Ethernet MAC Address 001030040502 Unit Name/Description -> System Name Unit Location System Location Contact Name System Manager's Name
Unit IdentificationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 21Setting Unit IdentificationYou can configure a unit s name, location, and contact name for system management purposes. This information could be used to distinguish remote units by their physical location or by meaningful names rather than the unit s station rank. The unit identification information does not need to be configured for a working system.To set unit name/description1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification. The Unit Identification window is displayed.2. Select Unit Name/Description.3. Type in new name or description.4. Press Enter. The new name or description is displayed in the entry field.whereSerial Number Unit serial number.Production Date The production date: MM-DD-YY.Ethernet MAC AddressMAC (Media Access Control) address. The physical Ethernet address. Unit Identification Serial Number Serial-Number Production Date 01-01-2000 Ethernet MAC Address 001030040502 Unit Name/Description -> System Name Unit Location System Location Contact Name System Manager's Name
Configuration22 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00To set unit location1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification. The Unit Identification window is displayed.2. Select Unit Location.3. Type in the new location.4. Press Enter. The new location appears in the entry field.To set unit contact name1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification. The Unit Identification window is displayed.2. Select Contact Name.3. Type in a contact or manager name.4. Press Enter. The new name appears in the entry field. Unit Identification Serial Number Serial-Number Production Date 01-01-2000 Ethernet MAC Address 001030040502 Unit Name/Description System Name Unit Location -> System Location Contact Name System Manager's Name Unit Identification Serial Number Serial-Number Production Date 01-01-2000 Ethernet MAC Address 1030040502 Unit Name/Description System Name Unit Location System Location Contact Name -> System Manager's Name
Hardware/Software RevisionVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 23Hardware/Software RevisionViewing System Revision InformationThe system revision information shows details about the system including:¥ version of the Hopper Plus 120-24 hardware¥ ROM and RAM size¥ version number of the system image file on the unit¥ version date of the system image file on the unit¥ name of the image file running on the Hopper Plus 120-24To view system revision informationFrom the Main Menu, select Hardware/Software Revision. The System Revision Information window is displayed. The window is view only.whereHardware The revision number of the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit, and the RAM and FLASH installed in the unit.ROM Size The amount of read-only memory in the unit.RAM Size The amount of random-access memory in the unit. This value also appears in the Hardware field.Software The revision number of the system image running on the unit, the date of the revision, and the size of the file (in this case FACTORY-IMAGE).File Name The file name of the system image running on the unit. System Revision InformationHardware Rev 0.0.0 (4MB SDRAM, 4MB Intel Flash)ROM Size 0x400000RAM Size 0x400000Software Rev 0.0.0 (Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 WEBII) June 26 2000 10:13:37 318452 BytesFile Name FACTORY-IMAGE
Configuration24 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00System Software ROM ImagesViewing System Software ROM ImagesThe System Software ROM Images window shows a list of all images available on the unit. An image is the embedded software stored in Flash ROM that the unit uses to operate. The example lists only the Factory-Image, however, several images may be available for use. As new images become available, Wi-LAN will place the images on their web site and make them available for downloading by customers.To view system software ROM imagesFrom the Main Menu, select System Software ROM Images. The System Software ROM Images window is displayed. The window is view only. . whereFile Name The names of all system image files stored in the unit.Revision The revision number of the system image file. Each time the system image is modified, the revision number increases by 1 unit. For example, the first revision to the file would make the revision number 0.0.1.Date The date the image file was last revised.Time The time the image file was last revised.Size The size of the image file in bytes.Default Image Indicates which image file is the default. This is the image used at power up. See To set the default image, page 62 to modify default image. System Software ROM Images File Name Revision Date Time Size Default Image-------------------- -------- ----------- -------- ------ -------------FACTORY-IMAGE 0.0.0 May 25 2000 10:13:37 306524 CurrentMore than one image may be listed here
Current System StatusVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 25Current System StatusViewing Current System StatusThe Current System Status window shows administration information such as the time a unit has been running, and login statistics.To view current system statusFrom the Main Menu, select System Current Status. The System Current Status window is displayed. The window is view only.. whereCumulative Run-Time The number of hours the system has been running since it was manufactured. This information is required for maintenance purposes.Current Run-Time The time duration that has passed since the unit was last reset or power cycled.Successful Logins The number of times that the configuration menus have been successfully accessed.Unsuccessful Logins The number of times that access to the configuration menus has failed.Local User Logged In The access level of the user currently logged into the configuration menus via the RS-232.Telnet User Logged InThe access level of the user currently logged into the configuration menus via a telnet session.FTP User Logged In The access level of the user currently logged into the host FTP server. System Current Status Cumulative Run-Time Days: 0 Hours: 7 Current Run-Time Days: 0 00:38:38 Successful Logins 16 Unsuccessful Logins 1 Local User Logged In Supervisor Telnet User Logged In None FTP User Logged In None
Configuration26 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00IP Network ConfigurationTo remotely manage the Hopper Plus 120-24 units, you need to define the Internet IP settings.Setting the Internet IP Address and Subnet MaskEach Hopper Plus 120-24 unit in a system must have a valid Internet IP address and subnet mask for communication via TCP/IP.To set the Internet IP address1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration. The Network Configuration window is displayed.2. Select New IP Address.3. Type the unique Internet IP address for the unit.4. Press the Enter key. The new Internet IP address appears in the New IP Address (Reboot Reqd)field, but the old address remains in the upper field.5. Reboot the unit, or power the unit down and up toeffect the changes. Network Configuration Internet IP Address 192.168.1.100 New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) -> 192.168.1.100 Internet IP Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway IP Address 0.0.0.0 SNMP NMS Trap IP Address 0.0.0.0
IP Network ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 27To set the Internet IP subnet mask1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration. The Network Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Internet IP Subnet Mask.3. Type the Internet IP subnet mask for the unit.4. Press Enter. The Internet IP subnet mask appears in the field and is assigned to the unit.Setting the Default Gateway IP AddressYou need to define the IP address of the system gateway. This address designates the main entry point into the network, and is usually in the same subnet as the unit IP address.To set the default gateway IP address1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration. The Network Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Default Gateway IP Address.3. Type the default gateway IP address for the unit.4. Press Enter. Network Configuration Internet IP Address 192.168.1.100 New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) 192.168.1.100 Internet IP Subnet Mask -> 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway IP Address 0.0.0.0 SNMP NMS Trap IP Address 0.0.0.0 Network Configuration Internet IP Address 192.168.1.100 New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) 192.168.1.100 Internet IP Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway IP Address -> 0.0.0.0 SNMP NMS Trap IP Address 0.0.0.0
Configuration28 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting the SNMP NMS Trap IP AddressThe SNMP (System Network Management Protocol) NMS (Network Management System) Trap IP address identifies the IP address of the network manager. This address communicates all alarms or events to the network manager. The network manager can define the types of traps, or alarms, that will be forwarded to the IP address.To set the SNMP NMS trap IP address1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration. The Network Configuration window is displayed.2. Select SNMP NMS Trap IP Address.3. Type the SNMP NMS Trap IP address for the unit.4. Press Enter. The SNMP NMS Trap IP address appears in the entry field and is applied to the unit. Network Configuration Internet IP Address 192.168.1.100 New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) 192.168.1.100 Internet IP Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway IP Address 0.0.0.0 SNMP NMS Trap IP Address -> 0.0.0.0
IP Filter ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 29IP Filter ConfigurationYou can define IP address filters to control the data that is transmitted and received through the Hopper Plus unit. The following table describes the IP filters.Each IP address list is defined by a range and base value. The range defines how many contiguous IP addresses are in the list, and the base sets the lowest address of the list. The following is a list of addresses and their capabilities:Filter SettingIP packet off (disabled) All packets are passed.on (enabled) Only IP and ARP packets are passed.IP address off (disabled) All IP packets are passed.on (enabled) Only packets whose IP addresses reside in at least one of the IP filter lists are passed. There are five IP filter lists: each can contain up to 255 IP addresses.Addresses that pass only IP packets and IP Addresses192.168.2.10192.168.2.11192.168.2.11192.168.2.12192.168.2.13194.120.3.51194.120.3.52194.120.3.254194.120.3.255194.120.4.0194.120.4.1Configure IP Filtering as:IP Packet Filtering = onIP Address Filtering = onFilter 1 Range (0 - 255) = 4Filter 1 Base Address = 192.168.2.10Filter 2 Range (0 - 255) = 2Filter 2 Base Address = 194.120.3.51Filter 3 Range (0 - 255) = 4Filter 3 Base Address = 194.120.3.254
Configuration30 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00To enable IP packet filtering1. From the Main Menu, select IP Filter Configuration. The IF Filter Configuration window is displayed.2. Select IP Packet Filtering.3. Scroll to off or on. (Initially start with setting to off).4. Press Enter.To enable IP address filtering1. From the Main Menu, select IP Filter Configuration. The IF Filter Configuration window is displayed. IP Filter Configuration IP Packet Filtering -> off IP Address Filtering off Filter 1 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 1 Base Address 0.0.0.0 Filter 2 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 2 Base Address 0.0.0.0 Filter 3 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 3 Base Address 0.0.0.0 Filter 4 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 4 Base Address 0.0.0.0 Filter 5 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 5 Base Address 0.0.0.0 IP Filter Configuration IP Packet Filtering off IP Address Filtering -> off Filter 1 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 1 Base Address 0.0.0.0 Filter 2 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 2 Base Address 0.0.0.0 Filter 3 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 3 Base Address 0.0.0.0 Filter 4 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 4 Base Address 0.0.0.0 Filter 5 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 5 Base Address 0.0.0.0
IP Filter ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 312. Select IP Address Filtering.3. Scroll to on.4. Press Enter.5. Select Filter 1 Range (0 - 255).6. Type in the value (0 - 255).7. Press Enter.8. Select Filter 1 Base Address.9. Type in the value.10. Press Enter.11. Repeat steps 5-10 for other filter lists.
Configuration32 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00RF Station ConfigurationThe RF Station Configuration menu contains test and optimization parameters for the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit. You can change the test mode time, operating mode, RF transmit status, and link monitor period. You can also change Base Station Only settings, and Remote Station Only settings. Setting Test Mode TimeBefore you test the unit, you need to set the test mode timer. The test mode timer sets the maximum time that the unit will remain in test mode. If the Hopper Plus is not returned to the normal mode before time runs out, the unit will perform an automatic software reboot and return to normal operating mode.Note: The timer applies to tests initiated with the configuration menus and the mode button, but the timer can only be configured via the menusTo set test mode timer.1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Test Mode Timer Minutes.3. Type the desired time value in minutes (1-1000).4. Press Enter. RF Station Configuration Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) -> 5 Base Station Only ParametersMaximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1
RF Station ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 33Setting the Operating ModeThe Hopper Plus starts up in Normal mode. Three modes are available for test purposes: Receive, Transmit, and RSSI.When testing a bridge, one unit is placed in Transmit mode and the other unit is placed in Receive mode. The transmitting unit sends packets of known data to the receiving unit. The receiving unit analyzes the data and can display llink statistics on a terminal, as shown below. Link StatisticsReceive Receives only. Processes expected packet data and displays statistics on RS-232 monitor.Transmit Transmits only. Sends known packet data to the receiver.RSSI RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator). Unit receives packets and displays fade margin data on Air LED.- BER = 0.0E+00, MPC = 0, EnvP = 63, CorrP = 63| BER = 0.0E+00, MPC = 0, EnvP = 63, CorrP = 63Bit Error Rate MissedPacketCountAlternating vertical and horizontal lines indicate that data is incoming.Envelope Power Correlation PowerPreviousSampleCurrentSamplewhereBER Bit Error RateMPC Missed Packet CountEnvP Envelope Power. The power of the received signal inlcuding noise, measured in dB (0–63)CorrP Correlation Power. The power of the received signal, excluding noise, measured in dB (0–63)
Configuration34 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00RSSI mode is used to measure the fade margin of a system. The receive unit is put into RSSI mode and its AIR LED indicates the fade margin according to the following table:To set the operating mode1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Operating Mode.3. Select the desired mode: Normal Mode, Transmit Mode, Receive Mode, or RSSI Mode.4. Press Enter.Note: The operating mode can also be set with the MODE button on the back of the Hopper Plus. See Setting Operating Mode with the MODE Button, page 68 for more information.AIR LED Color Signal StrengthGreen Reliable signal - greater than 15 dB fade marginOrange Marginal signal - between 11 and 15 dB fade marginRed Poor signal - less than 10 dB fade marginBlank No signal at all RF Station Configuration Operating Mode -> Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5 Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1
RF Station ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 35Setting the RF Transmit StatusThis setting blocks a unit from carrying traffic.To set RF transmit status1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.2. Select RF Transmit Status.3. Select a setting.4. Press Enter.unblocked Transmits and receives. This is the default setting.blocked Receives only RF Station Configuration Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status -> unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5 Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1
Configuration36 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting the Link Monitor PeriodThe Link Monitor Period determines the amount of test data that is sent during a link monitor test. The following table shows how much test data is sent during the link monitor test.To set Link Monitor Period1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Link Monitor Period.3. Type the time value in minutes (0=OFF, 1-1000)4. Press Enter.Monitor Setting Test data (%) Message data (%) Notes0 0 100 link monitor disabled1 50 50 maximum test data2 33.3 66.6325 75. . . . . . . . .10000 0.01 99.99 minimum test data RF Station Configuration Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) ->10 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5 Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1
RF Station ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 37Setting Maximum Remote Distance (Base Station Only)The Maximum Remote Distance is used to optimize dynamic polling by compensating for polling delay. Important: In the base unit, the Maximum Remote Distance should always be set to the distance between the base and the farthest remote.To set the maximum remote distance1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Maximum Remote Distance.3. Scroll to select the distance of the furthest remote unit.4. Press Enter. RF Station Configuration Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer (1-1000)mins 5 Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance -> 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1
Configuration38 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting Link Monitor Remote Station Rank(Base Station Only)The Hopper Plus can test the RF link while it carries actual data. Link monitor sends test data along with the message data (the amount of data sent is determined by the setting of the Link Monitor Period). See Setting the Link Monitor Period, page 36.) The receiving unit processes statistics and sends the test data and statistics back to the testing unit. The testing unit then processes and displays statistics for both directions on the link monitor display. (See Viewing Link Monitor Statistics, page 66 for information about viewing link monitor statistics). Note: It is possible to run the link monitor twice over one link by enabling it on the base and the remote at the same time. This situation should be avoided as it causes needless overhead.You can run the link monitor from the base or any remote. When you run the link monitor from the base station, you must enter the station rank of the remote whose link you wish to test (rank represents the number of remotes that the base polls). When you run the link monitor from a remote, the only link that can be tested is to the base, so the station rank is not configured.To set the link monitor rank from the base unit1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Link Monitor Remote Station Rank.3. Type the station rank of the remote to test. RF Station Configuration Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0-OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5 Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank -> 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1
RF Station ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 394. Press Enter. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.5. Select Link Monitor Period.6. Type in the desired link monitor period (0=OFF, 1-10000).7. Press Enter. For information about viewing the statistics, see Viewing Link Monitor Statistics, page 66.To set the link monitor rank from a remote unit1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Link Monitor Period.3. Type in the desired link monitor value (1-10000).4. Press Enter. For information about viewing the statistics, see Viewing Link Monitor Statistics, page 66. RF Station Configuration Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0-OFF, 1-10000) -> 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5 Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1 RF Station Configuration Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0-OFF, 1-10000) -> 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5 Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1
Configuration40 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting Throttling (Remote Station Only)Throttling limits the amount of data that passes though a remote Hopper Plus 120-24 unit. When throttling is enabled, the amount of data passed is equal to the throttling level times 128 kbps, to a maximum of 6.4 Mbps. Throttling applies to both the down link and up link traffic, so a setting of 128 kbps means the unit can pass 128 kbps in each direction. When throttling is disabled, the unit allows up to the maximum available bandwidth. The default setting is to disable throttling.To enable throttling1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Throttle Enable.3. Scroll to select on.4. Press Enter. RF Station Configuration Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer (1-1000)mins 5 Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable -> off Throttle Level (1-50) 1
Radio Module ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 41Radio Module ConfigurationChanging the configuration settings of a Hopper Plus while it operates in a system could disrupt service. To prevent disruptions when the configuration is being changed, the Hopper Plus stores configuration information in three different states:To change the current configuration of the radio module1. Set the Config Test Minutes. See Setting Config Test Minutes, page 48.2. Make new configuration changes with the Radio Module Configuration menu. These changes are stored in the New state, but the radio uses the Current state configuration until it is rebooted with new configuration.3. Reboot the unit following the steps in Rebooting and Saving RF Configurations, page 53. The unit runs the new configuration, and the old configuration is retained in FLASH.4. If the new configuration works as intended, then the changes can be saved to FLASH. See To save current configuration to FLASH, page 54. If the new configuration disrupts communications, then the configuration stored in FLASH is restored after a timeout has elapsed. The unit can be re-configured and tested until the unit works as intended.New The intended configuration changes. Temporary.Current The configuration actually running on the unit. Temporary.Flash The configuration that was stored last in FLASH memory. Final configuration is saved to FLASH memory.
Configuration42 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting the Station TypeEach Hopper Plus 120-24 unit must be defined as a base or a remote unit. In any given system there is only one base unit, but there can be numerous remote units.To set the station type1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Station Type.3. Scroll to select the desired station type (base unit or remote unit).4. Press Enter. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type -> Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Radio Module ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 43Setting the Station RankFor a base station, rank is the number of remotes that the base polls (regardless of the actual number of remotes in the system). The base station rank should equal the number of remotes so the base does not waste time polling nonexistent remotes.For a remote unit, rank is a unique number that identifies the remote to the base station.The base station polls remote units sequentially from rank 1 to the base unit s station rank, then repeats the process. To set the station rank1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Station Rank (1-1000).3. Type the rank number of the station.4. Press Enter. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) -> 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Configuration44 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting the Center FrequencyThe center frequency defines the channel the unit uses to transmit and receive RF energy. To ensure communication between units, all units in a system must have the same center frequency value.To set the center frequency1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Center Frequency.3. Scroll to select the RF center frequency to apply to all units in the network.4. Press Enter. The center frequency is stored in the New state. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency -> 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Radio Module ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 45Setting Security PasswordsUp to five different passwords can be set for a unit. Only Security Password 1 is required, the other passwords are optional. The higher the number passwords that are used, the higher the level of security for the unit. The set of passwords on the remote unit must match the set of passwords on the base unit. All passwords are exchanged between units, even when l password are not used. Passwords can be set and modified directly with the Radio Module Configuration menu.Note: All units in the same network must have this setting set to the same value.To set security passwords1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Security Password 1.3. Enter a password in Hex code.4. Press Enter. The password is stored in the New state. Note: Security Passwords 2 to 5 are optional.5. If you want to use more than one password, select Security Password n.6. Enter a password in Hex code.7. Select Reboot New RF configuration.8. Press Enter. The passwords are put into effect. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency -> 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to ExecuteAll units in the same network must have these configurations set the same.
Configuration46 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting the Scrambling CodeThe scrambling code is used to scramble messages so only units with the correct scrambling code will be able to read messages. The scrambling code can be 0-32 bits long.Note: All units in the same network must have this setting set to the same value.To set scrambling codes1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window appears.2. Select Scrambling Code.3. Type the code.4. Press Enter. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) -> 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Radio Module ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 47Setting the Acquisition CodeThe acquisition code ensures that the receiver does not process any signals not intended for that receiver. The receiver processes only signals with the correct acquisition code.Note: All units in the same network must have this setting set to the same value.To set the acquisition code1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Acquisition Code.3. Type the Acquisition code (0-15).4. Press Enter. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) -> 0 0 0Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Configuration48 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting Config Test MinutesSince there is a chance that RF configuration changes will disrupt communications, each unit returns to its pre-configuration state after a timeout (unless the changes are saved to FLASH before the timeout). This timeout is set with the Config Test Minutes parameter, which can be set from 1 to 120 minutes.When testing, the configuration test timeout value should be set before any other radio module changes are made, so that the correct value is used if other changes cause the unit to lock up. If you set the timeout too low, then you may not have time to save the changes to FLASH. If you set it too high, then you will have to wait a long time for the unit to reboot after a change that disrupts service.Note: All units in the same network must have this setting set to the same value.To set the test timeout1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Config Test Minutes.3. Type the test minutes value (1-120).4. Press Enter.5. Select Reboot New RF configuration. 6. Press Enter. The unit reboots with the temporary test timeout period in effect.7. To move the setting to FLASH see Rebooting and Saving RF Configurations, page 53. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 0 0 0Config Test Minutes (1-120) -> 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Radio Module ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 49Setting Repeater Mode (Base Station Only)When a base unit has repeater mode enabled, it re-transmits messages to all remotes in the same RF group. When repeater mode is disabled, remote-to-remote traffic is allowed if radio communication is possible and remotes are in the same non-zero RF group.To set the repeater mode1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Repeater Mode.3. In the Repeater Mode entry field, scroll to select the desired setting based on the following table.4. Press Enter.off Base unit does not re-transmit messages. This is the default setting.on Base unit re-transmits messages received from one remote to other remotes in the same RF group. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 0 0 0Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode -> off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Configuration50 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting System Symmetry Type (Base Station Only)System symmetry type defines the amount of priority the base unit has when polling the remotes. The default setting "asymmetric" gives the base unit a time slot after each remote is polled—an asymmetric system is appropriate when the base is the access point to a large network.The "symmetric" setting limits the base unit to one time slot for every polling cycle; a symmetric system is more efficient when the base has data passing requirements that are similar to the remotes.To set system symmetry type1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select System Symmetry Type.3. Scroll to the desired setting as follows.4. Press Enter.asymmetric Base unit higher priority than remotes: the base unit has one time slot after every remote time slot. This is the default setting.symmetric Base unit the same priority as every remote: the base unit has one time slot for every polling cycle. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 0 0 0Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type -> Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Radio Module ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 51Setting Dynamic Polling Level (Base Station Only)The Hopper Plus uses dynamic polling to reduce overhead caused by idle remote units. Every remote unit is polled by the base, and idle units are ignored for the number of polling rounds entered in the Dynamic Polling Level field. Dynamic Polling is most effective in very large systems, where polling delay can become significant. Important: Polling level is set only for the base unit.To set the dynamic polling level1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed..1. Select Dynamic Polling Level.2. Type the desired polling level (1-60).3. Press Enter. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 0 0 0Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type -> Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Configuration52 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 Setting Remote Unit RF GroupRemote unit RF group controls how remote units communicate with each other. Only remote units in the same non-zero RF group can communicate directly with each other. A remote with a zero RF group can only communicate with the base unit.To set remote unit RF group1. From the Main Menu, select RF Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Remote Unit RF Group.3. In the Remote Unit RF Group entry field, type the RF group number, using the following table as a guide.4. Press Enter.RF Group Remote Characteristics0Closed: remote will only transmit to and receive from the base unit.1-63 Open: remote will transmit to and receive from the base and all remotes with the same RF group number. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) -> 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Radio Module ConfigurationVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 53Rebooting and Saving RF ConfigurationsA reboot is required for temporary changes to the RF configuration to take effect. If the changes are valid, they can be saved "permanently" in the FLASH memory. If the changes are not valid, then the old configuration is restored after a programmable time-out.To reboot new RF configuration1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Reboot New RF Configuration.3. Press Enter. The Hopper Plus 120-24 reboots with the new temporary RF configuration. The old configuration is remains stored in FLASH memory. If the RF configuration is valid and the unit operates as intended, you can login again, access the Main Menu, Radio Module Configuration, Save Current Config to Flash to save changes to FLASH memory. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration -> Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute
Configuration54 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00To save current configuration to FLASH1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.2. Select Save Current Config to Flash.3. Press Enter. The current configuration is saved to FLASH. No reboot is required. Radio Module Configuration New Current FlashStation Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote UnitStation Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHzSecurity Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30Base Station Only ParametersRepeater Mode off off offSystem Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric AsymmetricDynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1Remote Station Only ParametersRemote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to ExecuteSave Current Config to Flash -> Press Enter to Execute
RF/Ethernet StatisticsVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 55RF/Ethernet StatisticsEthernet and RF statistics can be viewed for troubleshooting and monitoring link performance. Ethernet and RF statistics are cumulative and increment until reset. The window is view only. See Resetting the RF/Ethernet Statistics, page 64 for information about resetting RF/Ethernet statistics.Viewing RF/Ethernet StatisticsTo view RF and Ethernet statistics1. From the Main Menu, select RF/Ethernet Statistics. The RF/Ethernet Statistics window is displayed. RF/Ethernet StatisticsEthernet Receive Statistics Ethernet Transmit StatisticsTotal Packets Received 0 Total Packets Transmitted 0Packets For Local Host 0 Packets From Local Host 0Receive Errors 0 Packets Dropped 0Packets Dropped 0Packets Discarded 0RF Receive Statistics RF Transmit StatisticsTotal Packets Received 0 Total Packets Transmitted 0Packets For Local Host 0 Frames From Local Host 0Packets Dropped 0 Packets Dropped 0Packets Discarded 0RF Super Frame Rx Statistics RF Super Frame Tx StatisticsSuper Frames Received 0 Super Frames Transmitted 0Receive Overrun Errors 0Frame Control Word Errors 0Header Checksum Errors 0 Throughput StatisticsPacket Control Word Errors 0 Ethernet-to-RF Throughput 0Super Frame Length Errors 0 RF-to-Ethernet Throughput 0
Configuration56 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00.whereEthernet ReceiveTotal Packets ReceivedThe number of Ethernet packets from the 10/100 Base-T connection.Packets For Local HostThe number of Ethernet packets received from the 10/100 Base-T connection which were destined for the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit’s TCP/IP stack.Receive Errors The number of Ethernet packets received with errors, for example, runt (smaller than 64 bytes), jabber (larger than 1518 bytes), or overflow error.Packets Dropped The number of Ethernet packets dropped because the wireless link is at capacity.Packets Discarded The number of Ethernet packets discarded as the result of filtering.RF ReceiveTotal Packets ReceivedThe number of Ethernet packets received over RF.Packets For Local HostThe number of Ethernet packets received over RF and destined for the local host.Packets Dropped The number of Ethernet packets dropped because the wireless link is at capacity.Packets Discarded The number of Ethernet packets discarded as the result of filtering.RF Super Frame RxSuper Frames ReceivedThe number of super frames received.Receive Overrun ErrorsThe number of errors caused by receive buffer overrun.Frame Control Word ErrorsThe number of errors caused by frame control word problems.Header Checksum Word ErrorsThe number of errors caused by receiving an invalid header checksum.Packet Control Word ErrorsThe number of errors caused by packet control word problems.Super Frame Length ErrorsThe number of errors caused by receiving an invalid super frame length.
RF/Ethernet StatisticsVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 57Ethernet TransmitTotal Packets TransmittedThe number of Ethernet packets transmitted onto the 10/100 Base-T connection.Packets From Local HostThe number of Ethernet packets transmitted onto the 10/100 Base-T connection which originated from the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit’s TCP/IP stack.Packets Dropped The number of Ethernet packets not transmitted due to some error, for example, unable to transmit within 15 retries, or underflow error.RF TransmitTotal Packets TransmittedThe number of Ethernet packets transmitted over RF.Frames From Local HostThe number of Ethernet packets transmitted to RF from the local host.Packets Dropped The number of packets dropped because of RF problems.RF S. F. TxSuper Frames TransmittedThe number of super frames transmitted.ThroughputEthernet-to-RF ThroughputCurrent data rate measured from wire to air, resolution = 1 second.RF-to-Ethernet ThroughputCurrent data rate measured from air to wire, resolution = 1 second.where
Configuration58 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00System SecurityYou can control access to the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit with the System Security menu.Setting Community NamesCommunity names are used to control SNMP access to the Hopper Plus. Community Name 1 has read only access, and Community Name 2 has read and write access. Any SNMP manager can access and configure any Hopper Plus unit on the network as long as the unit has the correct community names and Ethernet access is enabled (see Setting Remote Access, page 60).Warning: Default community names are presented in all Installation and Configuration guides distributed by Wi-LAN. It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that default community names are changed to unique names at installation. Record all community name changes.To set community names1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window is displayed.2. Select SNMP Community Name 1.3. Type in new name.4. Press Enter. The new name appears in the entry field.5. Select SNMP Community Name 2.6. Type in new name.7. Press Enter. The new name appears in the entry field.Community name Privileges Default valueSNMP Community Name 1 Read publicSNMP Community Name 2 Read and Write netman System SecuritySNMP Community Name 1 -> publicSNMP Community Name 2 netmanChange User Password Press Enter to change passwordConfirm User Password Press Enter to confirm passwordChange Supervisor Password Press Enter to change passwordConfirm Supervisor Password Press Enter to confirm passwordEthernet Access to Local Host onWireless Access to Local Host onAuto Logout Minutes (1-120) 10
System SecurityVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 59Setting Login PasswordsYou can control access to the configuration menus by setting passwords for the user and supervisor logins. The user login has read-only access, while the supervisor login can modify configuration settings. The default passwords match the login names.Warning: Default passwords are listed in all Installation and Configuration guides distributed by Wi-LAN. It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that default passwords are changed to unique passwords during installation. Record all password changes.Note: When you restore factory configurations, the login passwords revert to the defaults.To set user password1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window is displayed.2. Select Change User Password.3. Type the new password.4. Press Enter.5. Select Confirm User Password entry field.6. Re-type the password from step 3.7. Press Enter. The change is saved when appears beside the confirmation field.To set supervisor password1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window appears (see above).2. Select Change Supervisor Password.3. Type the new password.4. Press Enter.5. Select Confirm Supervisor Password entry field.6. Re-type the password from step 3. System SecuritySNMP Community Name 1 publicSNMP Community Name 2 netmanChange User Password -> Press Enter to change passwordConfirm User Password Press Enter to confirm passwordChange Supervisor Password Press Enter to change passwordConfirm Supervisor Password Press Enter to confirm passwordEthernet Access to Local Host onWireless Access to Local Host onAuto Logout Minutes (1-120) 10Success
Configuration60 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/007. Press Enter. The change is saved when appears beside the confirmation field.Setting Remote AccessThe Hopper Plus can be accessed and configured via the Ethernet and over the RF link. The default setting is to allow both forms of remote access, but they can be disabled if required (as a security measure, for example).To set Ethernet and wireless access1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window is displayed.2. Select Ethernet Access to Local Host.3. In the Ethernet Access to Local Host field, select the desired setting.4. Press Enter.5. Select Wireless Access to Local Host.6. Select the desired setting.7. Press Enter.on Enable access to the unit via the Ethernet.off Disable access to the unit via the Ethernet.on Enable access to the unit via the air.off Disable access to the unit via the air.Success System SecuritySNMP Community Name 1 publicSNMP Community Name 2 netmanChange User Password Press Enter to change passwordConfirm User Password Press Enter to confirm passwordChange Supervisor Password Press Enter to change passwordConfirm Supervisor Password Press Enter to confirm passwordEthernet Access to Local Host -> onWireless Access to Local Host onAuto Logout Minutes (1-120) 10
System SecurityVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 61Setting the Automatic TimeoutYou can specify the maximum time the system can remain idle before the configuration menus close and the Login menu reappears. This ensures that the configuration menus close if a user forgets to exit.Note: When the menus automatically timeout, the system appears frozen. Press Enter to view the Login window, where you can login to the menus.To set the automatic timeout period1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window is displayed.2. Select Auto Logout Minutes.3. Type the maximum idle time period in minutes that can pass before the configuration menus close.4. Press Enter. The new value appears in the entry field. System SecuritySNMP Community Name 1 publicSNMP Community Name 2 netmanChange User Password Press Enter to change passwordConfirm User Password Press Enter to confirm passwordChange Supervisor Password Press Enter to change passwordConfirm Supervisor Password Press Enter to confirm passwordEthernet Access to Local Host onWireless Access to Local Host onAuto Logout Minutes (1-120) -> 10
Configuration62 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00System CommandsSystem image files contain the software that runs the unit. When you first power up the Hopper Plus unit, it runs from the factory-image. With the System Commands menu you can choose the image file that a unit uses to power up, and the image file that a unit uses to reboot.Note: As new images are developed, Wi-LAN plans to place the images on their web site so that you can download them to the unit.Setting Default System ImageThe default image is the image file used at power up. If you have more than one image saved on a unit, you can choose the default power up file.To set the default image1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window is displayed.2. Select Default System Image.3. Scroll to select the image to use as the default.4. Press Enter. The new image file appears in the field. This image will be used each time the Hopper Plus is powered up. System Commands Default System Image -> FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute
System CommandsVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 63Setting the Reboot System ImageTo set the reboot image 1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window is displayed.2. Select Reboot a System Image.3. Scroll to select the image to use when rebooting.4. Press Enter. The new image file appears in the field. This image will be used when the Hopper Plus is rebooted.Rebooting the Current ImageThe Reboot Current Image command must be used when the IP address is changed. See Setting the Internet IP Address and Subnet Mask, page 26.To reboot the current image1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window is displayed.2. Select Reboot Current Image.3. Press Enter. The Hopper Plus reboots using the current image.You must log in again to make further changes. System Commands Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image -> FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute System Commands Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot Current Image -> Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute
Configuration64 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Restoring ConfigurationsAfter making configuration changes you can return the unit to its original state by restoring factory configuration settings. This command can be used put the unit into a known state to aid troubleshooting, or to ensure that company configurations are removed when decommissioning the unit.To restore the factory configuration1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window is displayed.2. Select Restore Factory Configuration and Reboot.3. Press Enter. The factory configuration settings are restored. Warning: When you restore factory configurations, the login passwords are automatically set to default values.You must log in again to make further changes.Resetting the RF/Ethernet StatisticsThe statistics displayed in the RF/Ethernet Statistics window are cumulative, but can be reset to track events and for troubleshooting. For example, a suspected RF problem can be diagnosed by resetting the radio statistics and simulating the situation suspected of causing the problem. System Commands Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot -> Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute
System CommandsVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 65To reset radio statistics1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands.The System Commands window is displayed.2. Select Reset Radio Statistics.3. Press Enter. The radio statistics in the RF/Ethernet Statistics window are reset to 0 when appears beside the enter field.See Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics, page 55.To reset Ethernet statistics1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window is displayed.2. Select Reset Ethernet Statistics.3. Press Enter. The Ethernet statistics in the RF/Ethernet Statistics window are reset to 0 when appears beside the enter field.See Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics, page 55. System Commands Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics -> Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to ExecuteSuccess System Commands Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics -> Press Enter to ExecuteSuccess
Configuration66 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Link Monitor DisplayViewing Link Monitor StatisticsLink performance statistics such as power and bit error rate can be viewed while the link monitor is running. Statistics are only available on the unit running the link monitor. The window is view only.To view link monitor statistics1. From the Main Menu, select Link Monitor Display. The RF Background Link Monitor Statistics window is displayed.whereLink Monitor Rank When viewed on the base unit, the rank of the remote unit whose link is being tested. When viewed on the remote unit, this field is zero.Base to Remote BER The bit error rate from the base to the remote. Displays “N/A” when the link monitor is not running.Remote to Base BER The bit error rate from the remote to the base. Displays “N/A” when the link monitor is not running.Missed Packet Count The number of missed packets.Base to Remote Env PowerEnvelope power received at the remote.Base to Remote Corr PowerCorrelation power received at the remote.Remote to Base Env PowerEnvelope power received at the base.Remote to Base Corr PowerCorrelation power received at the base. RF Background Link Monitor Statistics Link Monitor Rank 0 Base to Remote BER N/A Remote to Base BER N/A Missed Packet Count 0 Base to Remote Env Power 0 Base to Remote Corr Power 0 Remote to Base Env Power 0 Remote to Base Corr Power 0
LogoutVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 67LogoutLogging OutTo log out of the Main Menu1. From the Main Menu, select Logout.2. Press Enter.3. Power down the computer. or1. Press the Esc key on the keyboard until you reach the wilan command line. 2. At the prompt, type logout. 3. Press Enter.Enter ESC to return to Main Menuwilan> logout
Configuration68 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Setting Operating Mode with the MODE ButtonThe operating mode of a unit is usually set with the RF Station Configuration menu (see Setting the Operating Mode, page 33). However, operating mode can also be set using the MODE button located on the back panel of the Hopper Plus 120-24. No tools or equipment are required to use this method, however, a good understanding of the operating modes and LEDs is required.The Hopper Plus starts up in Normal operating mode with the MODE LED off.. Three test modes are available.You can change the operating mode by pressing the MODE button, as explained below.Using the MODE ButtonTo change the operating mode1. Press the MODE button once and release it quickly. The unit goes into Transmit mode.2. Press the MODE button once and the unit goes into Receive mode.3. Press the MODE button once and the unit goes into RSSI mode.4. Press the MODE button once and the unit returns to Transmit mode.5. To return to Normal mode, press the MODE button and hold it down for at least two seconds. The AIR LED and MODE LED flash orange when the button has been held long enough.Note: If you do not manually return the unit to normal mode, the unit automatically reboots and returns to normal mode when end of the test time period time is reached. The test time period cannot be set with the mode button—you must use the Main Menu to set the test mode timer (see Setting Config Test Minutes, page 48).Mode Function MODE LEDTransmit Transmit only. Sends known packet data to the receiver.RedReceive Receive only. Processes received packet data and displays statistics on RS-232 monitor.GreenRSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator. Unit receives packets and displays fade margin data on AIR LED.Orange
Setting Operating Mode with the MODE ButtonVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 69MODE Button OperationSee Setting the Operating Mode, page 33 for more information about operating modes.
Configuration70 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Command Line InterfaceThe Hopper Plus 120-24 has a command line interface you can use to perform basic commands. The commands are a quick way to perform basic tasks while you remain logged into the configuration menus. Using Basic CommandsWhile you are logged into the configuration menus, you can press the Esc key until you exit out of the menus to the command line prompt. The wilan> command line prompt appears.You can execute all of the Hopper Plus 120-24 commands from this prompt.The following are some of the commands you can execute at the prompt.You can contact Wi-LAN customer support for additional information about the command line interface. Command Action Examplehelp show the following command summary list:menu cls dir del pinglogout exit quitwilan>help menumenu return to the configuration menus wilan>menucls clear the terminal screen wilan>clsdir show a file directory wilan>dir del delete a file wilan>del sample.txtping ping a remote IP address wilan>ping 198.168.200.5logout log out of the command line interfaceorterminate a remote telnet sessionwilan>logoutexit log out of the command line interfaceorterminate a remote telnet sessionwilan>exitquit log out of the command line interfaceorterminate a remote telnet sessionwilan>quit
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 71Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless LinkTo ensure an effective and reliable wireless link, you need to perform some preliminary network planning before you install any hardware.These steps include:¥ determining the physical layout of your planned link¥ planning your antenna and fade margin requirements¥ configuring your RF link.Planning the Physical LayoutBefore you install the units, you must determine the physical locations for each component of the Hopper Plus 120-24 wireless system. When you plan the physical layout, you need to:¥ measure the physical distance between each pair of units using GPS, a map, or other distance measurement method¥ determine antenna mast height requirements and fade margins¥ determine cable requirements, including routing, between antenna and unit ¥ calculate the fade margin to determine the reliability of your wireless link¥ determine environmental requirementsMeasuring the Physical Distance Between UnitsUse a mapping method to determine the distance between sites, and check the radio path to identify any obstructions in the site path between the two antennas. Due to the high frequency and low output power permitted in the ISM bands, no obstructions may exist between two antennas.Determining Antenna RequirementsIf you plan to install the unit indoors, the rubber duck antenna shipped with the unit may be adequate. The signal from this antenna can penetrate several walls, although metal obstructions or building features such as elevator shafts can deflect or inhibit radio waves. Empirical testing is advised in this case because all interiors are unique.If you plan to install the antennas outdoors you will need to consider¥ obtaining permission from building owners if you intend to install your antenna on a rooftop¥ the height of the antenna required to ensure a radio Line of Sight between two antennas that define the RF link
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link72 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00¥ potential wind load and ice loading impact on the antenna¥ regulatory restrictions, such as height, on antenna mast usage in the identified location¥ grounding requirements. You must ensure that your antenna is properly grounded for lightning and installed according to the relevant electrical code for the location.Determining Cable RequirementsIf you are installing the antenna in an outdoor location, you will require 50 ohm coaxial cable to connect the unit to the antenna. You should minimize the length of the coaxial cable because the longer the cable is, the greater the cable losses are. You need to know the required cable lengths before you install the unit.Note: You should use surge suppressors at the point of cable entry into the building.Calculating Fade MarginsYou can calculate the fade margin of your wireless link after you ve identified the antenna requirements. The fade margin enables you to predict the reliability of your wireless link. See Calculating Path Loss on page 78 for more information about fade margins.Determining Environmental RequirementsHopper Plus 120-24 units must be located in a weatherproof environment with an ambient temperature between 0… and 40… Celsius, and humidity from 0 to 95% non-condensing. Consider the building, heating, and air conditioning required to ensure that the unit operates within these conditions.Optimizing the RF LinkOverviewThis section explains how to obtain optimal performance from your RF link. Proper path planning ensures that each end of the RF link receives sufficient signal power to maintain a desired Bit Error Rate (BER). The effectiveness and reliability of your RF link depends on the following:¥ antenna gain, beamwidth, F/B ratio, and cross-polarization discrimination¥ distance between antennas and obstructions in the RF path¥ above-ground height of the antennas¥ length and type of coaxial cable connecting the Hopper Plus 120-24 and the antennaThe above factors will be used to calculate your link budget. The calculation indicates if your radio link is feasible over a given distance and path and if your RF link meets regulatory requirements. Link budgets are typically expressed in decibels (dB).
Optimizing the RF LinkVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 73The following dB terms are used in this section:The following variables are used to calculate the link budget:Term DescriptiondB Decibel. A relative measure of power used to specify power gains and losses. The difference in power P1 and P2 expressed in dB is:dBd The gain or loss of an antenna reference to a standard dipole.Gain of a Standard Dipole (dBd) = 2.14 dBi.dBi The gain or loss of an antenna referenced to an isotropic (theoretical point source) radiator. This measure is used with only antennas, as it quantifies gain or loss of a physical radiator with respect to a theoretical one.dBm A power measurement referenced to one milliwatt. This is an absolute measure of power rather than a relative measure such as a gain or a loss.Variable DescriptionSystem Gain The maximum path loss that the system can support for usable data transmission.EIRP (Effective Isotropically Radiated Power)The power radiating from an antenna taking into account the output power from the transmitter, connector losses, cable losses, and the antenna gain.Receiver Sensitivity The minimum signal strength required for usable performance. Expressed in dBm.Antenna Gain Gain of the antenna over a dipole (dBd) or theoretical (dBi).Propagation Loss The signal loss experienced as it travels through the air. Expressed in dB.Cable Loss The signal loss experienced as it passes through the coaxial cable. Expressed in dB.Path Loss The total loss from one end of the path to the other. This includes propagation losses, cable losses, and any other losses that impact the system performance.dB 10 P1P2-------log×=
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link74 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Working with System GainThe system gain of a radio system is the difference between the transmitted power and a receiver s sensitivity threshold. The system gain of the Hopper Plus 120-24 is:Formula: System Gain = Transmission Power - Receiver Sensitivity @ 10-6 BERVariables: Hopper Plus 120-24Tx Power = 18.5 dBmReceiver Sensitivity = - 83 dBm (receiver sensitivity @ 10-6 BER)Calculation: Hopper Plus 120-2418.5 dBm - (-83) dBm = - 101.5 dBMore info: To ensure reliable communications, the system gain plus all antenna gains must be greater than the sum of all losses. For a reliable link, Wi-LAN recommends that the system gain plus all antenna gains be greater than the sum of all losses by a factor of 15 dB. This factor is known as the fade margin.
Optimizing the RF LinkVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 75Calculating EIRP (Effective Isotropically Radiated Power)EIRP is the power radiating from an antenna, taking into account the output power from the transmitter, the connector and cable losses, and the antenna gain. Unlike the Tx output power of the devices, EIRP is subject to both antenna gain and cable losses. Many antennas provide a directional gain, which can increase the effective radiated power. Losses such as cable losses subtract from this amount. You calculate the EIRP as follows:Formula: EIRP = Tx Power (dBm) - Cable Losses (dB) - Connector Losses (dB) + Antenna Gain (dBi)Note: The FCC regulatory body has set the EIRP limit to +36 dBm for point-to-multipoint applications per FCC 15.247(b)(3)(i). For point-to-point applications, the FCC EIRP can be 3 dB higher than +36 dBm for every 1 dB less Tx power below 30 dBm.Industry Canada specifies the EIRP limit to ≤+36 dBm as per RSS-210, 6.2.2(p).In accordance with ETS 300-328 for 2.4 GHz RLANs, the maximum EIRP shall not exceed +20 dBm, with a maximum SPD (Spectral Power Density) not exceeding +10 dBm/MHz. Confirmation is required with the relevant European national radio communications local authority for deviations from this specification.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link76 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Optimizing Antenna GainTo ensure the best range and interference suppression, the external antenna should be directional, focusing the radio energy in one direction (toward the other end of the link). A directional antenna focuses the RF energy to the intended station rather than omni-directionally. This reduces interference from other systems operating at the same frequency.Note: In some situations, you may want to use an omni-directional antenna in your system design. For example, you would use an omni-directional antenna for a base station with remote sites situated in a 360… path around it.When you select an antenna, pay particular attention to the gain specification. When you select an antenna for a remote station, select an antenna with a gain that provides at least 15 dB fade margin.Antenna gain is specified in either dBi or dBd. When an antenna is specified in dBd, add 2.14 dB to the value to convert it to dBi.Calculating Propagation LossThe propagation loss is the attenuation (reduction) in RF signal energy as it travels through space. In most wireless systems, losses through space are the major contributor to signal attenuation. When you know the intended installation locations of the base and remote stations, determine the physical line of sight distance and then calculate the RF attenuation as follows:Working with the Fresnel ZoneIt is essential that you locate your antennas at maximum above-ground height to ensure that1. all ground-based obstructions are cleared from the Line of Sight path2. the Fresnel Zone is clear of obstructionsFormula: Attenuation (dB) for 2.4 GHz band = 100 dB + 20log(dkm)where:dkm = Distance in Kilometers100 dB = Pathloss Constant in the 2.4 GHz band
Optimizing the RF LinkVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 77The Fresnel Zone is the expansion of the RF signal radio angles in the vertical plane near the middle of the RF path. Following diagram shows a Fresnel Zone:For the 2.4 GHz band, the approximate Fresnel Radius calculated as follows:Calculating Cable LossCable and connector losses affect the operation of the wireless link and therfore should be kept to a minimum. The two primary coaxial cable specifications for the Hopper Plus 120-24 are:¥ cable must be 50 ohms nominal impedance¥ cable must be of a low loss typeGenerally, cable losses are specified in dB/foot or dB/meter. Following is an example of cable loss ratings:Note: When you calculate path loss, you should add 1dB at each end of the link to compensate for connector losses in addition to the cable loss value.Formula: Fresnel Radius (meters) = Cable Type (loss in dB/meter)Frequency LMR400 LMR600 LDF2-50 LDF4-50A LDF5-50A LDF6-502.4 GHz 0.22 0.144 0.190 0.128 0.073 0.053First Fresnel ZoneLine of SightFresnel RadiusGroundThe maximum Fresnel Radius indicates that this path must be kept clear of obstructions.Fresnel Zone3.4 dkmdkm8.12----------2+
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link78 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Calculating Path LossPath loss describes the total RF attenuation throughout the system from Tx antenna to Rx antenna. This includes the losses as the RF signal travels through space plus Tx and Rx cable loss, and Tx and Rx connector loss. Use the following formula to calculate path loss:Once you know the path loss, you can compare the value to the system gain value. If the system gain value is greater than the path loss, the link is feasible. See Working with System Gain on page 74 for more information about system gain. Working with the Fade MarginTotal antenna gain is:Tx Antenna Gain + Rx Antenna GainThe amount by which the system gain plus the total antenna gain exceeds the path loss is called the fade margin. As calculated, the fade margin is the number of dB that the received signal strength exceeds the minimum receiver sensitivity. You require some level of fade margin for any wireless system. The fade margin compensates for RF path fading due to weather conditions or objects that induce multipath interference.The Wi-LAN recommended fade margin for the Hopper Plus 120-24 is a minimum of 15 dB. The sum of the cable losses, connector losses, propagation losses, and the 15 dB required fade margin should be less than the sum of the system gain and antenna gain.Formula: Path Loss = Tx and Rx Cable Loss + Tx and Rx Connector Loss + Propagation Loss
Link Budget ExampleVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 79Link Budget ExampleThe values for cable and connector losses in this example are only for illustration. You will need to work these out for your specific installations.Putting everything together, you must satisfy the following equations to have a successful link:Formulas: System Gain + Antenna Gain ≥ Propagation Loss + Desired Fade Margin + Cable Losses + Connector LossesorActual Fade Margin ≥ System Gain + Antenna Gain - Propagation Loss - Cable Losses - Connector LossesandActual Fade Margin ≥ Desired Fade Marginwhere:System Gain = Tx Power - Rx SensitivityAntenna Gains = Tx Antenna Gain + Rx Antenna GainCable Losses = Base Cable Losses + Remote Cable LossesConnector Losses = Base System Connector Losses + Remote System Connector LossesVariables: Desired Fade Margin = 15 dBTx Power = 18.5 dBmRx Sensitivity = -83 dBmTx Antenna Gain = 11 dBiRx Antenna Gain = 9 dBiPropagation Loss for desired range of 1km = 100 + 20 x log(1) = 100 dBTx Cable Losses (2m LMR400) = 2 * 0.22 = 0.44 dBRx Cable Losses(2m LMR 400) = 2 * 0.22 = 0.44 dBTx Connector Losses = 1 dBRx Connector Losses = 1 dBVariable Calculations:System Gain = 21 - (-79) = 100 dBAntenna Gains = 11 + 9 = 20 dBiCable Losses = 0.44 + 0.44 = 0.88 dBConnector Losses = 1 + 1 = 2 dBActual Fade Margin Calculation:Actual Fade Margin = 100 + 20 - 100 - .88 - 2 = 17.12 dBAnalysis: We have achieved the goal of Actual Fade Margin ≥ 15 dB.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link80 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Antenna BasicsAntennas focus and absorb radio energy in specific directions, depending on their design. They can be tuned to certain frequency ranges; the Hopper Plus 120-24 antennas must be tuned to 2.4 - 2.5 GHz.This section contains some basic information about antenna parameters and how to select and install antennas for use in your wireless system. Antenna ParametersParameter DescriptionGain • Antennas have a gain associated with them, which is a measure of their ability to amplify signals in their tuned band.• Antenna gain is achieved by focusing the signal. A higher gain antenna has more compressed signal.dBd vs. dBi • Antenna gain must be measured over a known reference and is often expressed as either dBd or dBi.• dBd is antenna gain referenced over a half-wave dipole which is an antenna that has a donut shaped radiation pattern.• dBi is antenna gain referenced over an isotropic radiator which is a theoretical antenna that radiates equally in all directions (e.g. the sun).• Wi-LAN references antenna gain in dBi. The conversion factor is: 0 dBd = 2.14 dBiBeamwidth • The beamwidth of an antenna describes how a signal spreads out from the antenna, and the range of the reception area.• Beamwidth is measured between the points on the beam pattern at which the power density is half of the maximum power. This is often referred to as the -3 dB points.• A high gain antenna has a very narrow beamwidth and may be more difficult to align.Downtilt or uptilt • Some antennas have either an associated downtilt or an uptilt. The tilt further focuses the signal downward or upward with respect to the horizon.• A tilt may be either electrically built into the antenna or achieved mechanically with the mounting gear.• A downtilt or uptilt may be required when there is a significant deviation between the elevation of the remote site(s) and the base site.F/B • Front-to-back ratio. • Directional antennas focus the signal in a forward path. This is achieved by directing the signal in one direction that reduces the signal in the opposite direction.• A higher gain antenna typically has a greater F/B ratio.
Antenna BasicsVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 81Implementation ConsiderationsFollowing are some key items to consider when selecting and installing antennas for your wireless network:XPD • Polarity and Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD).• Antennas have an associated polarity, which is the orientation of the radiating element with respect to earth.• Antennas are usually described as vertical, horizontal, or circularly polarized. The polarity of all antennas used in a system must be the same.• Cross-Polarization Discrimination specifies the signal isolation achieved when the receiving element is perpendicular to the radiating element. This can be advantageous when co-locating radio systems.VSWR • Voltage standing wave ratio.• VSWR is the voltage ratio of minimum to maximum across a transmission line.• A VSWR of 2.0:1 or less in an antenna is considered effective. Most antennas have a VSWR of 1.5:1.• For example, when using a radio with a 4 watt output with an antenna VSWR of 1.5:1, the reflected power will be 160 milliwatts.Item DescriptionAbsorption • Antennas mounted too close to “soft” objects, such as trees, may experience a reduction in signal strength due to absorption.• Absorption is most often encountered in applications installed during the fall or winter months, and the problem does not become evident until the spring.Diffraction • Diffraction occurs when a radio signal reflects or bounces off of a solid object.• The level of diffraction could lead to connectivity problems if the remaining signal level is too low.• Two types of diffraction are shadowing and multipath.Shadowing • Shadowing is a form of diffraction that is typically caused when antennas are mounted too close to a structure and they lose a portion of the signal lobe due to reflection. The receive antenna is in a shadowed area.• To minimize shadowing, ensure that there is adequate height above structures when mounting antenna equipment.Multipath Interference• Multipath is a form of diffraction in which the reflected signal arrives at the receiver at different times which confuses the receiver.• Multipath may be interpreted as interference by the receive antenna, and can result in bit errors and processing delays.Parameter Description
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link82 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Selecting AntennasThere are several factors to consider when selecting the right antenna for a wireless application. Following are some initial questions you should ask before selecting an antenna:¥ What is the operating frequency range?¥ Will this be a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint application? Ensure that you consider if the application will change in the future.¥ What are the coverage requirements?¥ How far is the remote site(s)?¥ What is the gain requirement?¥ What is the elevation of the remote site(s) with respect to the base station and will additional downtilt/uptilt be necessary at either the base or remote site to compensate?¥ Will there be any obstructions in the path?¥ Will systems be co-located? What polarity will be used?¥ What are the regional environmental conditions? For example, is there windloading, salt air, excessive moisture, ice buildup?¥ What is the antenna lifetime expectation?¥ What are the site and mounting options?¥ What are the restrictions in the locale regarding the effective radiated power permitted from the antenna?¥ Will antenna appearance be a factor?Wi-LAN’s Antenna SelectionFollowing are some antenna selections for the Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 product:Antenna Installation FactorsFollowing are some installation factors you should consider when installing antennas into your wireless system:Antenna Type Frequency GainOmni 2.4 GHz 6, 9, 12Dish 2.4 GHz 18, 19, 21, 24, 27Planar 2.4 GHz 11, 13, 16
Antenna BasicsVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 83Factor DescriptionMaximizing the Hopper Plus 120-24’s Capabilities• Minimize obstructions in the radio path.• Line Of Sight (LOS) is crucial for reliability.• Ensure that equipment is installed correctly.• Ensure proper grounding, testing, and alignment of antennas.• Install in environmental conditions that are suitable for the Hopper Plus 120-24.• Select proper antennas and cable for the application.• Ensure sufficient gain for the intended application.Safety • Proper grounding of antenna apparatus in accordance with respective Electrical Code(s) is crucial.• Wi-LAN recommends using a surge arrestor where the antenna cable enters the building.• All installations should be completed by a qualified and competent RF technician.EIRP • Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)• EIRP is the amount of power that is transmitted to the air from the antenna. • EIRP levels depend on the power of the radio transmitter, the size of the antenna, and the losses incurred in the antenna cable.• To remain license-exempt the EIRP must remain under 4 watts or 36 dBm in Canada and the United States for point-to-multipoint applications. In Europe, this value is reduced to 100 mW or 20 dBm.Note: EIRP = Power out of unit – Power lost in cable + Gain in power from AntennaFade Margin See Calculating Fade Margins on page 72.LOS • Line of Sight (LOS)• LOS is a football shaped pattern known as the Fresnel Zone, which must be kept clear of obstructions. See Working with the Fresnel Zone on page 76 for more information.• Visual line of sight must be achieved. When standing at the antenna position, you must be able to see the remote antenna.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link84 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Minimal Clearance Above ObstructionsFor the Hopper Plus 120-24, the absolute minimum clearance above obstructions requirements are as follows (in meters):¥ @ 2.4 GHzFollowing are some example clearance requirements: Note: There is also a correction factor added to compensate for curvature of the earth. This correction factor is not required when the correction value is negligible < 10 km. Wi-LAN s Link Analysis Spreadsheet takes this variable into account automatically.Installing AntennasIf your antennas will be located on a support structure, or on top of a tower, you should have the antenna installed professionally. Ensure the following:¥ dipole antennas are oriented vertically (point up).¥ antennas for the system have the same polarity (vertical, horizontal, or circular).¥ connectors attaching the coaxial cable to the antenna are properly weatherproofed.¥ a drip loop is formed at the building entrance, to prevent water flowing down the coaxial cable and entering the installation building.¥ the coaxial cable is secured to the supporting structure at one meter intervals. This prevents wind damage and frost loading problems.¥ the antenna is firmly attached to the mast to prevent it from falling, yet has some flexibility so you can move the antenna to fine-tune its position.¥ the coaxial cable is connected to the antenna and to the antenna port on both sides of the link (base and remote stations).¥ the antennas are grounded properly.MetricDistance(km)2.4 GHzClearance (m)ImperialDistance(miles)2.4 GHzClearance (ft)0.5 2.4 0.5 10.01 3.4 1 14.32 4.9 2 20.53 6.0 3 25.75 8.0 5 34.98 10.6 8 48.310 12.3 10 57.615 16.6 15 83.83.4mdkm×
Antenna BasicsVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 85Fine-tuning AntennasYou can fine-tune the antennas by physically moving the antenna. When the remote antenna is correctly aligned, the AIR LED is orange, indicating appropriate reception and acknowledgment of sync tokens from the base station. You can use the Receive and Transmit operating modes to test the link while adjusting the antennas to minimize BER and lost packets, and maximize received power. You can use the RSSI operating mode to maximize RSSI. Once the antennas are adjusted to maximize performance, secure them properly to the support structures.Co-locating UnitsWhen Hopper Plus antennas are located on the same mast, you must take care to ensure the output power from one radio does not overpower another co-located bridge, even if the units are operating on different channels. Contact Wi-LAN technical support for antenna and installation assistance when co-locating units.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link86 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 87Appendix B: Using HyperTerminalThe Windows 95/98 operating system includes a terminal emulation program called HyperTerminal¤. You can use this program to access the Hopper Plus 120-24 configuration menus through the MANAGEMENT port on the front of the unit.Starting HyperTerminalTo start HyperTerminal1. In Windows 95 or 98, from the Start menu, select Programs, Accessories, Communications, HyperTerminal. The Connection Description window is displayed:2. Select an icon for the HyperTerminal session and type a connection name.
Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal88 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/003. Click OK. The Connect To window is displayed:4. In the Connect using field, select the appropriate COM port.5. Click OK. The COM Properties window is displayed:
Starting HyperTerminalVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 896. Enter the following settings:7. Click OK. The Hopper - HyperTerminal window is displayed:8. From the File menu, select Properties. The Hopper Properties window is displayed:Bits per second 9600Data bits 8Parity NoneStop bits 1Flow control None
Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal90 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/009. Click the Settings tab and then click ASCII Setup. The ASCII Setup window is displayed:10. In the ASCII Sending area, choose the following settings:11. In the ASCII Receiving area, do the following:12. Click OK. The ASCII Setup window closes.13. Click OK. The Hopper Properties window closes.14. Use a cross-connect RS-232 serial cable to connect the communications port of the PC to the DB9 connector on the Hopper Plus 120-24.15. Power up the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit.16. Press Enter. The Hopper Plus 120-24 Configuration menu is displayed in the HyperTerminal window.Send line ends with line feeds Clear the checkbox.Echo typed characters locally Clear the checkbox.Line delay Type 0.Character delay Type 0.Append line feeds to incoming line ends Click to select the checkbox.Force incoming data to 7-bit ASCII Clear the checkbox.Wrap lines that exceed terminal width Click to select the checkbox.
Determining the Communications PortVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 91Determining the Communications PortTo set the communications port in the HyperTerminal session, you need to know which communications port you are using on your computer. Most laptops are connected through COM 1, but PCs can use COM 1 through 3. To determine the communications port1. Right-click the My Computer icon on your desktop and from the shortcut menu, select Properties. The System Properties window is displayed:2. Click the Device Manager tab and click Ports (COM & LPT). A list of the available communications ports appears.3. Select the appropriate port for your HyperTerminal session.Note: A connection to the Hopper Plus 120-24 Configuration menus will not be established if the wrong port is selected. If this occurs, reconfigure the HyperTerminal to connect using another available communications port.
Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal92 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 93Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data NetworkA simple peer-to-peer network can be configured to perform file transfers between two computers. This section describes the following:¥ Checking the Network Adaptor Installation¥ Configuring the Network¥ Enabling the Sharing Feature on the Hard Disk DriveChecking the Network Adaptor InstallationTo check the network adaptor installation1. From the Start menu, select Settings, Control Panel. The Control Panel window appears.2. Double-click the System icon. The System Properties window appears.3. Click the Device Manager tab.4. Double-click Network Adapters. A list of installed devices appears.5. Check for trouble indicators with the previously installed network adaptor(s).6. Click OK. The Control Panel window appears.
Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network94 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Configuring the NetworkTo configure the network1. In the Control Panel window, double-click the Network icon. The Network window is displayed:
Configuring the NetworkVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 952. In the list of network components area, double-click Client for Microsoft Networks. The Client for Microsoft Networks Properties window is displayed:Note: If Client for Microsoft Networks is not listed, click Add and select Client, Add, Microsoft, Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK.3. In the Client for Microsoft Networks Properties window, do the following:4. Click OK. The Client for Microsoft Networks Properties window closes.Log on to Windows NT domain Clear the checkbox.Windows NT domain Clear the field.Logon and restore network connections. Click the button.
Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network96 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/005. In the Network window, double-click TCP/IP. The TCP/IP Properties window is displayed:Note: If TCP/IP is not listed in the Network window, click Add and select Protocol, Add, Microsoft, TCP/IP, and then click OK.6. Click the IP Address tab.7. Click Specify an IP Address, and type the following:8. Click OK.9. Click File and Print Sharing. The File and Print Sharing window appears.10. Click to select the I want to be able to give others access to my files checkbox.11. Click OK.12. In the Network window, click the Identification tab and type the following:IP Address 196.2.2.1Note: Increment the last digit by 1 (i.e. type 196.2.2.2) when configuring the second computer.Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0Note: This number is the same for both computers.Computer Name A unique name for each computer. For example, computer 1 and computer 2.Workgroup A workgroup name. For example, Test.Note: All computers in the network must have the same workgroup name.
Enabling the Sharing Feature on the Hard Disk DriveVersion 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 9713. In the Network window, click the Access Control tab. 14. Click Share Level Access Control.15. Click OK.16. You are prompted to restart your computer.17. Click Yes. Wait for your computer to restart, then proceed with Enabling the Sharing Feature on the Hard Disk Drive.Enabling the Sharing Feature on the Hard Disk DriveTo enable the sharing feature on the hard disk drive1. On the desktop, double-click My Computer. The My Computer window is displayed:Computer Description A description of the type of computer used. For example, laptop or desktop.
Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network98 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/002. Right-click the hard disk drive icon (typically drive C:), and select Open. The Properties window is displayed:3. Click the Sharing tab, and choose the following:4. Click OK.5. Repeat this procedure for all PCs in the network.Once all PCs in the network have been shared, you can view the network by double clicking the Network Neighborhood icon that appears on each PC desktop.Shared As Click the radio button.Share Name Type C.Comment Leave this field blank.Access Type Click to select Full.Passwords Leave these fields blank.
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 99Appendix D: SNMP MIBAbout SNMP MIBSimple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Information Block (MIB) software is included with each Hopper Plus unit. It enables you to configure, monitor, and control units via the Ethernet or air. (SNMP-compatible network management software is available commercially and as shareware.)Units in remote and hard-to-reach locations can be easily configured, and network managers can avoid or reduce downtime by monitoring network throughput, packet collision rates, and interference.SNMP is a protocol used to remotely manage network elements by polling, setting terminal values, and monitoring network statistics and events. It provides a mechanism for the exchange of management information in a TCP/IP-based Internet environment.Community names are used by the SNMP manager to determine access privileges (see Setting Community Names on page 58).SNMP consists of three elements.SNMP Element DescriptionManager Is installed on the network’s host computer and is controlled by the network administrator. From the host, the Manager configures Agents, or polls Agents for information.Agent Runs on each unit. An Agent accepts configuration commands from the Manager and collects network and terminal information specified in the MIB.Management Information Block (MIB) Is a database that is accessed by a specific set of commands that you execute using the SNMP manager. There is a standard MIB and a Wi-LAN customized MIB that stores information relevant to the operation of a wireless network.
Appendix D: SNMP MIB100 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Wi-LAN Object Identifier NodesThe Hopper Plus 120-24 uses SNMP version 1, which is MIB 2 compliant. All OID (Object Identifier) nodes in the 120-24 private Wi-LAN MIB are numbered 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.n where n is a private Wi-LAN MIB node number or branch of nodes.All nodes containing statistical information are cleared on power up and reset.Values in all writeable nodes are stored in FLASH and are retained until overwritten by the administrator, even following power down or reset. From To Classification1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.104 Configuration1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.7 Configuration:System Image List1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.7 System Status1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.32 Statistics1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.7 System Commands
Using Object Identifier Nodes Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 101Using Object Identifier NodesFollowing are descriptions of the nodes in the Hopper Plus 120-24 MIB:Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access DescriptionConfiguration serialNumber 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.1 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only The Hopper Plus 120-24 unit Serial Number.Configuration productionDate 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.2 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only The Hopper Plus 120-24 unit Date of Manufacture.Configuration macAddress 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.3 PhysAddress Read Only Ethernet MAC Address.Configuration systemName 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.4 DisplayString(0..31)Read/Write The Hopper Plus 120-24 unit System Name.Configuration unitLocation 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.5 DisplayString(0..31)Read/Write User configurable Unit Location.Configuration contactName 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.6 DisplayString(0..31)Read/Write User configurable Contact Name.Configuration config7 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.7 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config8 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.8 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config9 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.9 INTEGER Spare.Configuration ipAddress 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.10 IpAddress Read Only Internet IP Address: default = 192.168.1.100.Configuration ipNewAddress 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.11 IpAddress Read/Write New Internet IP Address.Configuration ipSubnetMask 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.12 IpAddress Read/Write IP Subnet Mask: default = 255.255.255.0.Configuration ipGatewayAddr 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.13 IpAddress Read/Write IP default gateway address (currently not used).Configuration ipNetmanAddr 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.14 IpAddress Read/Write SNMP network management station IP address.Configuration ipPacketFiltering 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.15 INTEGER Read/Write IP packet filtering: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled.Configuration ipAddressFiltering 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.16 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filtering: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled.
Appendix D: SNMP MIB102 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Configuration ipFilter1Range 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.17 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filter 1 range: (0-255).Configuration ipFilter1Base 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.18 IpAddress Read/Write IP filter 1 base address.Configuration ipFilter2Range 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.19 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filter 2 range: (0-255).Configuration ipFilter2Base 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.20 IpAddress Read/Write IP filter 2 base address.Configuration ipFilter3Range 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.21 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filter 3 range: (0-255).Configuration ipFilter3Base 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.22 IpAddress Read/Write IP filter 3 base address.Configuration ipFilter4Range 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.23 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filter 4 range: (0-255).Configuration ipFilter4Base 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.24 IpAddress Read/Write IP filter 4 base address.Configuration ipFilter5Range 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.25 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filter 5 range: (0-255).Configuration ipFilter5Base 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.26 IpAddress Read/Write IP filter 5 base address.Configuration config27 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.27 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config28 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.28 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config29 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.29 INTEGER Spare.Configuration stationType 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.30 INTEGER Read Only Current station type: 0 = remote, 1 = base.Configuration stationRank 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.31 INTEGER Read Only Current station RF rank: 1 to 1000.Configuration centerFreq 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.32 INTEGER Read Only Current RF center frequency (GHz)Configuration securityWord1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.33 INTEGER Read Only Current RF security password 1.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access DescriptionChannel Frequency Channel Frequency1 2.4258 5 2.44552 2.4302 6 2.44983 2.4345 7 2.45424 2.4400
Using Object Identifier Nodes Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 103Configuration securityWord2 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.34 INTEGER Read Only Current RF security password 2.Configuration securityWord3 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.35 INTEGER Read Only Current RF security password 3.Configuration securityWord4 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.36 INTEGER Read Only Current RF security password 4.Configuration securityWord5 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.37 INTEGER Read Only Current RF security password 5.Configuration scramblingCode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.38 INTEGER Read Only Current RF scrambling code word.Configuration acquisitionCode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.39 INTEGER Read Only Current RF acquisition code (0-15).Configuration configMinutes 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.40 INTEGER Read Only Current RF configuration test minutes (1-120).Configuration repeaterMode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.41 INTEGER Read Only Current base station repeater mode: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled.Configuration systemType 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.42 INTEGER Read Only Current base station symmetry: 0 = asymmetric, 1 = symmetric.Configuration remoteGroup 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.43 INTEGER Read Only Current RF group identifier: 0 = closed, 1 - 63 = special group.Configuration config44 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.44 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config45 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.45 INTEGER Spare.Configuration defStationType 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.46 INTEGER Read Only Default Station type: 0 = remote, 1 = base.Configuration defStationRank 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.47 INTEGER Read Only Default Station RF Rank.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access Description
Appendix D: SNMP MIB104 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Configuration defCenterFreq 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.48 INTEGER Read Only FLASH RF center frequency (GHz)Configuration defSecurityWord1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.49 INTEGER Read Only Default RF security password 1.Configuration defSecurityWord2 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.50 INTEGER Read Only Default RF security password 2.Configuration defSecurityWord3 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.51 INTEGER Read Only Default RF security password 3.Configuration defSecurityWord4 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.52 INTEGER Read Only Default RF security password 4.Configuration defSecurityWord5 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.53 INTEGER Read Only Default RF security password 5.Configuration defScramblingCode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.54 INTEGER Read Only Default RF scrambling code word.Configuration defAcquisitionCode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.55 INTEGER Read Only Default RF acquisition code (0-15).Configuration defConfigMinutes 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.56 INTEGER Read Only Default RF configuration test minutes (1-120).Configuration deRepeaterMode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.57 INTEGER Read Only Default base station repeater mode: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled.Configuration defSystemType 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.58 INTEGER Read Only Default base station symmetry type: 0 = asymmetric, 1 = symmetric.Configuration defRemoteGroup 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.59 INTEGER Read Only Default RF group identifier: 0 = closed, 1 - 63 = special group.Configuration config60 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.60 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config61 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.61 INTEGER Spare.Configuration newStationType 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.62 INTEGER Read/Write New station type: 0 = remote, 1 = base.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access DescriptionChannel Frequency Channel Frequency1 2.4258 5 2.44552 2.4302 6 2.44983 2.4345 7 2.45424 2.4400
Using Object Identifier Nodes Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 105Configuration newStationRank 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.63 INTEGER Read/Write New station RF rank (1-1000).Configuration newCenterFreq 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.64 INTEGER Read/Write New RF center frequency (GHz)Configuration newSecurityWord1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.65 INTEGER Read/Write New RF security password 1.Configuration newSecurityWord2 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.66 INTEGER Read/Write New RF security password 2.Configuration newSecurityWord3 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.67 INTEGER Read/Write New RF security password 3.Configuration newSecurityWord4 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.68 INTEGER Read/Write New RF security password 4.Configuration newSecurityWord5 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.69 INTEGER Read/Write New RF security password 5.Configuration newScramblingCode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.70 INTEGER Read/Write New RF scrambling code word.Configuration newAcquisitionCode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.71 INTEGER Read/Write New RF acquisition code (0-15).Configuration newConfigMinutes 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.72 INTEGER Read/Write New RF configuration test minutes (1-120).Configuration newRepeaterMode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.73 INTEGER Read/Write New base station repeater mode: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled.Configuration newSystemType 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.74 INTEGER Read/Write New base station symmetry type: 0 = asymmetric, 1 = symmetric.Configuration newRemoteGroup 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.75 INTEGER Read/Write New RF group identifier: 0 = closed, 1 - 63 = special group.Configuration config76 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.76 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config77 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.77 INTEGER Spare.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access DescriptionChannel Frequency Channel Frequency1 2.4258 5 2.44552 2.4302 6 2.44983 2.4345 7 2.45424 2.4400
Appendix D: SNMP MIB106 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Configuration stationMode 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.78 INTEGER Read/Write Operating mode: 0 = normal, 1 = Rx Test, 2 = Tx Test, 3 = RSSI Test.Configuration rfTransmitStatus 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.79 INTEGER Read/Write RF transmit status: 0 = blocked, 1 = unblocked.Configuration linkMonitorPeriod 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.80 INTEGER Read/Write Link monitor period (0-10000): 0 = disabled, 1 - 10,000 = number of data superframes per single test superframe.Configuration testModeTimer 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.81 INTEGER Read/Write Test mode timer minutes (1-1000).Configuration dynamicPolling 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.82 INTEGER Read/Write Dynamic polling level (1-60).Configuration remoteDistance 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.83 INTEGER Read/Write Maximum remote unit distance (km)Configuration linkMonitorRank 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.84 INTEGER Read/Write Link monitor remote station rank (1-1000).Configuration throttleEnable 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.85 INTEGER Read/Write Throttling enable: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled.Configuration throttleLevel 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.86 INTEGER Read/Write RF throttle level (1-50).Configuration config87 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.87 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config88 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.88 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config89 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.89 INTEGER Spare.Configuration communityName1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.90 DisplayString(0..15)Read/Write Read-only access community name.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access DescriptionChannel Frequency Channel Frequency1 2.4258 5 2.44552 2.4302 6 2.44983 2.4345 7 2.45424 2.4400
Using Object Identifier Nodes Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 107Configuration communityName2 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.91 DisplayString(0..15)Read/Write Read-Write access community name.Configuration ethernetAccess 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.92 INTEGER Read Only Ethernet access to local host: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled.Configuration wirelessAccess 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.93 INTEGER Read Only Wireless access to local host: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled.Configuration config94 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.94 INTEGER Spare.Configuration currentImage 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.95 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only Current system image file name.Configuration defaultImage 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.96 DisplayString(0..15)Read/Write Selects specified system image file as default.Configuration prevDefaultImage 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.97 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only Previous default system image file name.Configuration config98 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.98 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config99 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.99 INTEGER Spare.Configuration systemImageList 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100 SEQUENCE OF SystemImageEntryN/A System Image List Branch.Configuration: System Image ListsystemImageNumber 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.1 INTEGER Read Only System image number.Configuration: System Image ListsystemImageName 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.2 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only System image file name.Configuration: System Image ListsystemImageRevn 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.3 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only System image revision identifier.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access Description
Appendix D: SNMP MIB108 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Configuration: System Image ListsystemImageDate 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.4 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only System image file date.Configuration: System Image ListsystemImageTime 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.5 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only Time system image file was last changed.Configuration: System Image ListsystemImageSize 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.6 INTEGER Read Only System image file size.Configuration: System Image ListsystemImageText 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.7 DisplayString(0..15)Read Only System image descriptive text.Configuration config101 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.101 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config102 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.102 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config103 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.103 INTEGER Spare.Configuration config104 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.104 INTEGER Spare.System Status totalHours 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.1 Counter Read Only Cumulative run-time hours.System Status systemHours 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.2 Counter Read Only Current run-time hours since powerup.System Status loginOkays 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.3 Counter Read Only Number of successful logins.System Status loginFails 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.4 Counter Read Only Number of unsuccessful login attempts.System Status localUser 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.5 INTEGER Read Only Local user login status: 0 = none, 1 = user, 2 = supervisor.System Status telnetUser 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.6 INTEGER Read Only Telnet user login status: 0 = none, 1 = user, 2 = supervisor.System Status ftpUser 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.2.7 INTEGER Read Only FTP user login status: 0 = none, 1 = user, 2 = supervisor.Statistics etherRxTotalPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.1 Counter Read Only Total Ethernet packets received.Statistics etherRxLocalPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.2 Counter Read Only Ethernet packets received for local host.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access Description
Using Object Identifier Nodes Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 109Statistics etherRxErrorPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.3 Counter Read Only Ethernet packets received in error.Statistics etherRxDroppedPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.4 Counter Read Only Number of received Ethernet packets dropped.Statistics etherRxDiscardPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.5 Counter Read Only Number of received Ethernet packets discarded.Statistics etherTxTotalPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.6 Counter Read Only Total Ethernet packets transmitted.Statistics etherTxDroppedPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.7 Counter Read Only Number of transmitted Ethernet packets dropped.Statistics rfRxTotalPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.8 Counter Read Only Total received RF packets.Statistics rfRxLocalPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.9 Counter Read Only Total received RF packets for local host.Statistics rfRxDroppedPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.10 Counter Read Only Number of received RF packets dropped.Statistics rfRxDiscardedPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.11 Counter Read Only Number of received RF packets discarded.Statistics rfTxTotalPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.12 Counter Read Only Total transmitted RF packets.Statistics rfTxLocalPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.13 Counter Read Only Number of transmitted local RF packets.Statistics rfTxDroppedPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.14 Counter Read Only Number of transmitted RF packets dropped.Statistics rfRxSframeCount 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.15 Counter Read Only Total RF super frames received.Statistics rfRxOverrunErrors 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.16 Counter Read Only Number of RF overrun errors.Statistics rfRxSFrameErrors 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.17 Counter Read Only Number of RF super frame control word errors.Statistics rfRxChecksumErrors 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.18 Counter Read Only Number of RF super frame header checksum errors.Statistics rfRxPacketErrors 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.19 Counter Read Only Number of RF packet control work errors.Statistics rfRxLengthErrors 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.20 Counter Read Only Number of RF super frame length errors.Statistics rfTxSuperFrameCnt 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.21 Counter Read Only Number of RF super frames transmitted.Statistics rfEtoIThroughput 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.22 Counter Read Only Ethernet to RF throughput.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access Description
Appendix D: SNMP MIB110 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Statistics rfItoEThroughput 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.23 Counter Read Only RF to Ethernet throughput.Statistics statistics24 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.24 Counter Spare.Statistics linkMonitorRank1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.25 INTEGER Read Only Link monitor remote station rank.Statistics linkMonRtoBber 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.26 DisplayString(0..8)Read Only Link monitor remote to base bit error rate.Statistics linkMonBtoRber 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.27 DisplayString(0..8)Read Only Link monitor base to remote bit error rate.Statistics linkMonMissPktCnt 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.28 Counter Read Only Link monitor missed packet count.Statistics linMonEnvPBtoR 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.29 INTEGER Read Only Link monitor base to remote envelope power.Statistics linkMonEnvPRtoB 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.30 INTEGER Read Only Link monitor remote to base envelope power.Statistics linkMonCorrPBtoR 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.31 INTEGER Read Only Link monitor base to remote correlation power.Statistics linkMonCorrPRtoB 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.32 INTEGER Read Only Link monitor remote to base correlation power.System CommandsrebootCurrent 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.1 INTEGER Read/Write Reboot current system image: 1 = reboot.System CommandsrebootImage 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.2 DisplayString(0..15)Read/Write Reboot specified system image: system image file name.System CommandsrebootnewRFConfig 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.3 INTEGER Read/Write Reboot new RF configuration: 1 = reboot.System CommandsrestFactConfReboot 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.4 INTEGER Read/Write Restore factory configuration and reboot: 1 = restore.System CommandssaveConfToFlash 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.5 INTEGER Read/Write Save current configuration to flash: 1 = save.System CommandsresetRadioStats 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.6 INTEGER Read/Write Reset radio statistics: 1 = reset.System CommandsresetEthernetStats 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.4.7 INTEGER Read/Write Reset Ethernet statistics: 1 = reset.Group Node Label Address/Node Syntax Access Description
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 111Appendix E: Technical Reference InformationFront Panel LEDs.LED Type Color StatusAIR Orange(both units)The units are configured correctly: the base and remote units are transmitting and receiving data.Green(remote)The units are configured incorrectly: the remote unit is receiving data from the air but can not respond.Red(base)The units are configured incorrectly: the base unit is transmitting without receiving acknowledgment.Off Listening to the airMODE Green Receive test mode - RS-232 displays statisticsRed Continuous Transmit test modeOrange RSSI test mode - measures fade marginOff Normal transceiver modeWIRE Green Receiving data from the wireRed Transmitting data to the wireOrange Transmitting and receiving data on the wireOff Listening to the wirePOWER Green Power is connected to the transceiverOff No power is connected to the transceiver
Appendix E: Technical Reference Information112 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Power Connector PinoutPower ConnectorHopper PLUS 120-24, Rear ViewPin 1 +12 VDCPin 2 GNDPin 3 N/C Power Connector Pinout
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 113GlossaryAabsorptionAntennas mounted too close to soft objects, such as trees, may experience a reduction in signal strength due to absorption. Absorption is most often encountered in applications installed during the fall or winter months. The problem does not become evident until the spring.acquisition codeTo minimize the effects of interference, all units in a system use the same acquisition code so the receivers can distinguish the desired signal from interfering signals.agentIn an SNMP context, the agent runs on each unit. An agent accepts configuration commands from the manager and collects network and terminal information specified in the MIB.antennaA device which accepts electromagnetic energy from a circuit or wire and radiates it into space rather than confining it.antenna gainGain of the antenna over a dipole (dBd) or isotropic (dBi).¥ Antennas have a gain associated with them, which is a measure of their ability to amplify signals in their tuned band.¥ Antenna gain is achieved by focusing the signal. A higher gain antenna has more compressed signal.attenuationAny loss in signal strength, due to resistance, absorption, capacitance, or any characteristic of the medium or design of the system.BbeamwidthThe beamwidth of an antenna describes how a signal spreads out from the antenna as well as the range of the reception area. Beamwidth is measured between the points on the beam pattern at which the power density is half of the maximum power. This is often referred to
Glossary114 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00as the -3 dB points. A high gain antenna has a very narrow beamwidth and may be more difficult to align.BERBit Error Rate. A percentage of bits per million, showing the number of bits in error compared to the data bits actually sent.blockingBlocking is an operating mode where the radio receives only. Unblocked is the normal operating mode.Ccable lossThe signal loss experienced as it passes through the coax cable. Expressed in dB.channelThe width of the spectrum band taken by a radio signal, usually measured in kilohertz (kHz).coaxial cableA type of wire where the inner conductor is surrounded by an outer conductor. The outer conductor serves as an electrical shield.collisionThe situation that exists when two users try to send a signal over the same medium at the same time, and the signal uses the same frequencies.configuration menusThe menu based user interface on the Hopper Plus 120-24 that allows the viewing and configuration of Hopper Plus 120-24 parameters.contentionless pollingThe Hopper Plus 120-24 uses a form of dynamic polling that ignores idle remote stations. The number of polls that an idle remote is ignored can be set to maximize polling to active stations.Cross-Polarization DiscriminationSee XPD.DdBDecibel. A relative measure of power used to specify power gains and losses. The difference in power P1 and P2 expressed in dB is:DB9A D-shaped connector with 9 pins.dB 10 P1P2-------log×=
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 115dBddBd is antenna gain referenced over a half-wave dipole which is an antenna that has a donut shaped radiation pattern.Gain of a Standard Dipole = 2.14 dBi.dBidBi is antenna gain referenced over an isotropic radiator which is a theoretical antenna that radiates equally in all directions (e.g. the sun).Wi-LAN references antenna gain in dBi. The conversion factor is: 0 dBd = 2.14 dBidBmA power measurement referenced to one milliwatt. This is an absolute measure of power rather than a relative measure such as a gain or a loss.diffractionDiffraction occurs when a radio signal reflects or bounces off of a solid object. The level of diffraction could lead to connectivity problems if the remaining signal level is too low. Two types of diffraction are shadowing and multipath.downtiltSome antennas have either an associated downtilt or an uptilt. The tilt further focuses the signal either downward or upward with respect to the horizon. A tilt may be either electrically built into the antenna or achieved mechanically with the mounting gear. An downtilt or uptilt may be required when there is a significant deviation between the elevation of the remote site(s) and the base site.dynamic pollingA polling protocol in which idle units are not polled as frequently as active units. Since less time is spent polling idle remotes, there are more available resources for active units and overhead is reduced.EEEPROMElectrically Erasable, Programable Read Only Memory: Non-volatile memory, but must be removed from board to be erased.EIRPEffective Isotropically Radiated Power. EIRP is the amount of power that is transmitted to the air from the antenna. EIRP levels depend on the power of the radio transmitter, the size of the antenna, and the losses incurred in the antenna cable. To remain license exempt the EIRP must remain under 4 watts or 36 dBm in Canada and the United States for point-to-multipoint applications. In Europe, this value is reduced to 100 mW or to 20 dBm.Note: EIRP = Power out of unit — Power lost in cable + Gain in power from Antenna
Glossary116 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00ERPEffective Radiated Power. The power radiating from an antenna taking into account the output power from the transmitter, connector losses, cable losses, and the antenna gain.ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute.Ffade marginThe amount that the system gain plus the total antenna gain exceeds the path loss is called the fade margin. The fade margin is calculated as the number of dB that the received signal strength exceeds the minimum receiver sensitivity. filtering Filtering in remote stations limits certain data packets.FLASHA type of electrically erasable non-volatile memory that can easily be erased without removal from the board. Using FLASH, Hopper Plus 120-24 units can be upgraded in the field.Fresnel zoneOne of a (theoretically infinite) number of a concentric ellipsoids of revolution which define volumes in the radiation pattern of a (usually) circular aperture. Notes:¥ The cross-section of the first Fresnel zone is circular. Subsequent Fresnel zones are annular in cross-section, and concentric with the first. ¥ Odd-numbered Fresnel zones have relatively intense field strengths, whereas even-numbered Fresnel zones are nulls. ¥ Fresnel zones result from diffraction by the circular aperture.front to back ratio (F/B)Directional antennas focus the signal in a forward path. This is achieved by directing the signal in one direction that reduces the signal in the opposite direction. A higher gain antenna typically has a greater F/B ratio.IIEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.imageAn image is a collection of configurations or settings for a particular device. With the Hopper Plus 120-24, the System Image File contains a collection of configurations that are used when the unit is rebooted.interferenceAny signal that tends to hamper the normal reception of a desired signal. Equivalent to jamming except considered non-hostile in origin.
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 117ISMIndustrial, Scientific, and Medical. It is the family of license-exempt radio bands in North America and some European countries. It is also referred to as part 15.247 in the FCC regulation that defines the parameters for use of the ISM band in the U.S., including power outputs, spread-spectrum, and noninterference.Llink monitorA Hopper Plus 120-24 utility that sends known data over an active system to test the reliability of the RF link. The link monitor information is overhead, that is, it reduces the amount of available payload for message data.LOS (Line of Sight)LOS is a elliptical pattern known as the Fresnel Zone, which must be kept clear of obstructions. Visual line of sight must be achieved. When standing at the antenna position, you must be able to see the remote antenna.MMAC addressMedia Access Control address. Alphanumeric characters that uniquely identify a network-connected device.Management Information BlockSee MIB.managerWhen used in SNMP, this element is installed on the network s host computer and is controlled by the network administrator. From the host, the manager configures agents, or polls agents for information.MIBManagement Information Block. The MIB is a database which is accessed by a specific set of commands that you can execute using the SNMP Manager. There is a standard MIB and a Wi-LAN customized MIB that stores information relevant to the operation of a wireless network.multipath interferenceMultipath is a form of diffraction in which the reflected signal arrives at the receiver at different times which confuses the receiver. Multipath may be interpreted as interference by the receive antenna, and can result in bit errors and processing delays.OOID nodesObject Identifier Nodes. These are the individual nodes in a MIB. See SNMP and MIB.
Glossary118 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00overheadAnything that reduces the payload capacity of a system is overhead, even if serves a useful function. The link monitor data is used to determine transmission statistics, but it reduces the message carrying capacity of the Hopper 120-24 system and is considered overhead. Ppath lossThe total loss from one end of the path to the other. This includes propagation losses, cable losses, and any other losses that impact the system performance.point-to-multipointA wireless system where one base unit communicates with many remote units. The base unit polls all the remotes, and data passes between units to complete the network.point-to-pointThe simplest wireless system consisting of a base and one remote. pollingThe base unit in a Hopper Plus 120-24 point-to-multipoint system handles multiple remotes by polling each one sequentially. When a base polls a remote, data exchange between that remote and the base takes place. The remote cannot exchange information with the base until it is polled again.propagation lossThe signal loss experienced as it travels through the air. Expressed in dB.RRFRadio Frequency. A system of communication using electromagnetic waves propagated through space. Because of varying characteristics, radio waves of different lengths are used for different purposes and are usually identified by their frequency.RS-232Standards for serial communications, which define the voltages, currents, data rates, and other factors about the signals to be used, as well as single-ended, differential, multi-drop operation.RSSIReceived Signal Strength Indicator. Strength of received signal expressed in dB. The Hopper Plus 120-24 measures RSSI as a fade margin value.SsensitivityThe minimum signal strength required for usable performance. Expressed in dBm.
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 119shadowingShadowing is a form of diffraction that is typically caused when antennas are mounted too close to a structure, and they lose a portion of the signal lobe due to reflection. The receive antenna is in a shadowed area. To minimize shadowing, ensure that there is adequate height above when mounting antenna equipment to a structure.SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol. A protocol you can use to remotely manage a network element by polling, setting terminal values, and monitoring network statistics and events. It is the de-facto internet work management standard, designed to provide a mechanism for the exchange of management information in a TCP/IP-based Internet environment.spread spectrumAny of a group of modulation formats in which an RF bandwidth much wider than signal bandwidth is used to transmit information, resulting in a greater immunity to noise interference.system gainThe maximum path loss that the system can support for usable data transmission.system image fileThe Hopper Plus 120-24 uses system image files to store system configuration settings. The default system image file is called factory-image and is when the Hopper Plus is first powered up.TtelnetAn Internet communications protocol that enables a computer to function as a terminal working on a remote computer. A computer with a network connection to a Hopper Plus 120-24 system can Telnet to any of the (configured) Hopper Plus 120-24 units and access their configuration menus. throttlingThrottling limits the amount of data that a remote station passes.UuptiltSee downtilt.XXPD (Cross-Polarization Discrimination)Refers to polarity and Cross-Polarization Discrimination. Antennas have an associated polarity, which is the orientation of the radiating element with respect to earth. Antennas are usually described as being vertical, horizontal, or circularly polarized. The polarity of all antennas used in a system must be the same. XPD specifies the amount of signal
Glossary120 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00isolation achieved when the receiving element is perpendicular to the radiating element. This can be advantageous when co-locating radio systems.VVSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)VSWR is the voltage ratio of minimum to maximum across a transmission line. A VSWR of 2.0:1 or less in an antenna is considered effective. Most antennas have a VSWR of 1.5:1. For example, when using a radio with a 4 watt output with an antenna VSWR of 1.5:1, the reflected power will be 160 milliwatts.
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 121IndexNumerics10/100 BaseT connector 5Aabsorptionand antennas 81defined 113accessingconfiguration menus 16—18acquisition codeconfiguring 47defined 113addressdefault gateway IP address 27internet IP address 26SNMP NMS trap IP address 28agentsdefined 113SNMP 99antennas 80—84absorption 81beamwidth 80clearance requirements 84connector 5cross-polarization discrimination 81dBd vs. dBi 80defined 113diffraction 81downtilt 80EIRP 83fade margin 83fine-tuning 85front to back ratio 80gain 73, 76, 80, 113implementation consideration 81installation factors 82installing 84LOS 83maximizing capabilities 83minimal clearance 84multipath interference 81pre-installation 71safety 83selecting 82shadowing 81uptilt 80voltage standing wave ratio 81arrow keyssetting in telnet sessions 18asymmetricbase station system type 50attenuationand antennas 76defined 113Bback panel 4LED 5base stationrepeater mode 49setting 42setting link monitor from 38system symmetry typeasymmetric 50symmetric 50beamwidthand antennas 80defined 113bit error ratedefined 114display in link monitor 66blockingdefined 114bridgestesting 11
Index 122 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00Ccable lossand link budget variables 73defined 114cabling 6, 13calculatingEIRP 75Fresnel radius 77propagation loss 76center frequenciesconfiguring 44, 45clearance requirementsantennas 84coaxial cable 114collisionand the SNMP manager 99defined 114command line 70community namessetting 20, 58configuration menusaccessing 16navigating 16configuration settingsrestoring factory configuration 64configuringacquisition code 47base stationdynamic polling level 51maximum remote distance 37repeater mode 49system symmetry type 50center frequencies 44, 45community names 20, 58default gateway IP address 27default system image file 62Ethernet access 60HyperTerminal 87internet IP address 26internet IP subnet mask 27IP settings ??—28link monitor 38network configuring Hopper Plus 120-24 ??—98networks 94—97operating mode 34passwordslogin 59radios 41—54rank 43remote access 60remote stationRF group 52throttling 40scrambling code 46SNMP NMS trap IP address 28station type 42test mode timer 32timeoutlogin 61unitcontact name 22identification 20location 22name 21connectors10/100 BaseT 5antenna 5power supply 5contactingWi-LAN customer support vicontentionless polling 1defined 114copyright notice vcorrelation powerand the link monitor display 66cross-polarization discriminationand antennas 81defined 119current imagerebooting 63customer support viDdBand link budget 73defined 114DB9 114dBdand link budget 73defined 115vs. dBi 80dBiand link budget 73defined 115dBmand link budget 73defaultIP gateway address 27
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 123system image file 62diffractionand antennas 81defined 115distancesetting maximum remote distance 37downtiltantennas 80defined 115EEEPROM 115EIRPand link budget variables 73antennas 83calculating 75defined 115enablinglink monitor 38sharing on hard disk 97—98throttling 40envelope powerand the link monitor display 66ERP 116Ethernetconfiguring access via 60resetting statistics 65viewing statistics 55ETSI 116Ffactory configurationrestoring 64fade margins 116and antennas 83measuring with RSSI mode 34filtering 116fine-tuningantennas 85formulaslink budgets 79Fresnel zonedefined 116illustration 77radius calculation 77front panel 3front to back ratioand antennas 80defined 116Ggetting help viHhardwareviewing version 23HyperTerminal 87—91configuring 87starting 87IIEEE 116image files ??—64rebooting current 63setting default 62viewing 24installingantennas 81, 82, 84bridge testing 11weatherproofing 72interferencedefined 116multipath 81internet IPaddress 26configuring ??—28default gateway address 27SNMP NMS trap address 28subnet mask 27ISM 117Llink budgetsantenna gain 73cable loss 73EIRP 73example 79formulas 79path loss 73propagation loss 73receiver sensitivity 73system gain 73variables 73link monitor 38—66configuring for base station 38configuring for remote station 39viewing statistics 66logging in to menususing management port 17
Index 124 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00login timeoutconfiguring 61logging in after 61LOS 117antennas 83MMAC address 117manager 117SNMP 99menusaccessing 16navigating 16MIBdefined 117SNMP 99Wi-LAN nodes 100minimal clearanceabove obstructions 84mode buttonlocation on unit 5monitorlink 38RS-232 link monitor 33, 69multi-code direct sequence spread spectrum 1multipath interference 81defined 117Nnamescommunity 20, 58system image files 23navigatingmenus 16network adaptor installationchecking 93network configuring ??—98noticescopyright vOOID nodesdefined 117Wi-LAN 100—110operating modeconfiguring using menus 32, 34Ppanelback 4front 3path lossand link budget variables 73defined 118physical layoutplanning 71pollingconfiguring level 51powerelectricalsupply connector 5prerequisitesantenna installation 71network planning 71physical layout planning 71product overview 1propagation lossand link budget variables 73calculating 76defined 118Rradioconfiguring 41—54resetting statistics 65setting station type 42specifications 6viewing statistics 55RAM 23rankconfiguring 43rebootingcurrent image 63new RF configuration 53receiver sensitivityand link budget variables 73regulatory compliance vremote accessconfiguring 60remote stationsetting link monitor from 39remote unitconfiguring 42repeaterbase 49resettingethernet statistics 65radio/RF statistics 65restoring
Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00 125factory configuration settings 64RFdefined 118groups 52resetting statistics 65viewing statistics 55RF network planning ??—84overview 71physical layout 71prerequisites 71ROM 23viewing images 24RS-232defined 118RSSIdefined 118RSSI LED indicatormode button 34RSSI modeconfiguringwith menus 32with mode button 33Ssafetyantennas 83scrambling codeconfiguring 46securitycommunity names 20, 58remote access 60setting login timeouts 61setting passwords 59system 20, 58see install 6selectingantennas 82sensitivity 118shadowing 81, 119sharingenabling on hard disk 97—??SNMP ??—110agents 99defined 119elements 99manager 99MIB 99setting community names for 20, 58setting NMS trap IP address 28specificationsconfiguration 6general 6network support 6radio 6security 6wireless network protocols 6spread spectrum 1, 6defined 119statisticsresetting 64viewing Ethernet 55viewing RF 55supervisor passworddefault 16symmetricbase station system type 50systemphysical layout 71security 58system gaindefined 119system image filesnames 23setting the default 62versions 23working with 62—64Ttelnetsetting arrow keys in sessions 18testingbridges 11using the link monitor 38throttling 40, 119configuring 40timeoutslogin 61timertest mode 32troubleshooting viUunitcontact name 22identification 20location 22name 21uptiltantennas 80
Index 126 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00defined 119user passworddefault 16Vvariableslink budgets 73versionshardware 23system image files 23viewingcurrent system status 25Ethernet statistics 55link monitor statistics 66radio/RF statistics 55system revision information 23system software ROM images 24voltage standing wave ratioand antennas 81defined 120WWANsystem configuration 16weatherproofing 72wirelessconfiguring access via 60Wireless networkillustration 1

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