Wireless N2WLAX-5G3 UNII WLAN User Manual N2 Link Cover
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USER MANUAL
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WaveNet Link AX ATM-25 U-NII Band Digital Radio System Installation and Operations Manual Part Number 100273-001 Version 0.8 October 2000 Wireless Inc. 5452 Betsy Ross Drive Santa Clara, CA. 95054-1101 (408) 727-8383 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Notice Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Wireless, Inc. © Copyright 2000, Wireless, Inc. All rights reserved. Link AX™ and WaveNet Link™ Series are trademarks of Wireless, Inc. ii WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Table of Contents 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 General Overview ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 WaveNet Link Series Product Family ........................................................................ 1 1.2 Introduction to the Link AX ........................................................................................ 1 1.3 Regulatory Information .............................................................................................. 2 Link AX Product Profile ......................................................................................................... 3 2.1 General Overview ...................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Specifications ............................................................................................................ 5 2.3 User Interfaces .......................................................................................................... 8 2.4 ODU Performance Monitoring ................................................................................... 8 2.5 Theory of Operation .................................................................................................. 9 Equipment Installation and Commissioning ........................................................................ 15 3.1 Installation ............................................................................................................... 15 3.2 ATM25 Data Connectors ......................................................................................... 19 3.3 Connect the Power Supply ...................................................................................... 19 3.4 Outdoor RF Unit Installation .................................................................................... 20 3.5 Indoor Unit ............................................................................................................... 27 3.6 DIP Switch Function and Configuration .................................................................. 28 3.7 Commissioning ........................................................................................................ 30 Antenna Installation ............................................................................................................. 35 4.1 Equipment Inventory List ......................................................................................... 35 4.2 Antenna Installation and Rough Alignment ............................................................. 36 4.3 RF Cable Install and Seal ........................................................................................ 50 Maintenance and Troubleshooting ...................................................................................... 63 5.1 Link AX Maintenance .............................................................................................. 63 5.2 Where to get Further Assistance ............................................................................. 64 5.3 Return Procedure .................................................................................................... 65 Appendix A Grounding Practices and Lightning Protection Information ....................................... A-1 iii WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figures Figure 2.1 Typical Deployment of a Link AX in a Point-to-Point Configuration ............................. 4 Figure 2.2a Outdoor Unit, Front View ............................................................................................ 10 Figure 2.2b Outdoor Unit, Back View ............................................................................................ 10 Figure 2.2c Outdoor Unit, Front View, Integral Antenna ............................................................... 11 Figure 2.2d Outdoor Unit, Back View, Integral Antenna ............................................................... 11 Figure 2.3 Link AX Indoor Unit (IDU) ........................................................................................... 13 Figure 2.4 Link AX Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 14 Figure 3.1 Power Cord Connection ............................................................................................. 19 Figure 3.2 Outdoor Unit Mounting Hardware .............................................................................. 20 Figure 3.3 Attaching the Pole or Tilt Mount Adaptor Bracket ...................................................... 21 Figure 3.4 Mounting the Outdoor RF Unit to the Bracket ............................................................ 22 Figure 3.5a Mounting Bracket Latch and Stud Mount Detail ......................................................... 23 Figure 3.5b Locking the Mounting Hardware ................................................................................ 24 Figure 3.6a N-Type Antenna and Siamesed Ethernet/Power Connections .................................. 25 Figure 3.6b Ground Connection .................................................................................................... 26 Figure 3.7 Link Ax Indoor Unit (IDU) ........................................................................................... 27 Figure 3.8 DIP Switch Access and Configuration Information .................................................... 29 Figure 3.9 Receive Signal Level .................................................................................................. 34 Figure 4.1 Antenna Mount ........................................................................................................... 36 Figure 4.2 Adjustable Panel Antenna Mount ............................................................................... 37 Figure 4.3 Flat Panel Antenna ..................................................................................................... 38 Figure 4.4 Adjustable Flat Panel Mount ...................................................................................... 39 Figure 4.5 24” Flat Panel Quick Align Mount ............................................................................... 40 Figure 4.6 24” Diameter Antenna ................................................................................................ 41 Figure 4.7 Mount Configuration ................................................................................................... 43 Figure 4.8 Mounting Hardware Packed ....................................................................................... 46 Figure 4.9 Mounting Hardware Unpacked ................................................................................... 46 Figure 4.10 Parabolic Reflector ..................................................................................................... 47 Figure 4.11 Unpacking the Radome .............................................................................................. 47 Figure 4.12 Antenna Mounting Assembly ..................................................................................... 48 Figure 4.13 Antenna Mount Assembly .......................................................................................... 49 Figure 4.14 Elevation Rod Assembly ............................................................................................ 49 Figure 4.15 Feed Horn Assembly .................................................................................................. 50 Figure 4.16 Feed Horn Polarization Markings ............................................................................... 51 Figure 4.17 Parabola Rear View Showing Polarization Reference Markers ................................. 51 Figure 4.18 Feed Horn Installation ................................................................................................ 52 Figure 4.19 Feed Horn Installation for Vertical Polarized Operation ............................................. 52 Figure 4.20 Azimuth Clamp/Shear Stop Assembly ....................................................................... 53 iv WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.21 Azimuth Adjustment Clamp Assembly ...................................................................... 53 Figure 4.22 Hoisting the Antenna ................................................................................................. 54 Figure 4.23 Adjustable Parabolic Antenna Mount ....................................................................... 57 Figure 4.24a Feed Assembly Plane Polarized ............................................................................... 58 Figure 4.24b Feed Assembly Plane Polarized ............................................................................... 59 Figure 4.25 Ground Connection ................................................................................................... 60 Figure 4.26 RF Cable Install and Seal ......................................................................................... 61 Tables Table 1.1 FCC U-NII Bands ......................................................................................................... 2 Table 2.1 Connector Pin Assignment, ATM Connector on ODU ................................................. 6 Table 2.2 Connector Pin Assignment, Power Supply Input Connector on ODU ......................... 6 Table 2.3 Recommended Antennas ............................................................................................. 7 Table 3.1 Maximum Transmit Power Level Setting vs. Antenna Type (for compliance with FCC EIRP limits) in the 5.3 GHz Band ....................................................................... 16 Table 3.2 Maximum Transmit Power Level Setting vs. Antenna Type (for compliance with FCC EIRP limits) in the 5.7 GHz Band, Original and July 31, 1998 rules .................. 17 Table 3.3 List of Tools ................................................................................................................ 18 Table 3.4 Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials ..................................................... 18 Table 3.5 Connector Pin Assignment, ATM Connector on ODU ............................................... 19 Table 3.6a Connector Pin Assignment, ATM Connector on ODU ............................................... 27 Table 3.6b Connector Pin Assignment, ATM Connector on ODU ............................................... 27 Table 3.6c IDU LED Status .......................................................................................................... 27 Table 3.7 DIP Switch Configuration ........................................................................................... 28 Table 3.8 Installation Checklist................................................................................................... 30 Table 3.9 RSSI Voltage vs. Receive Signal Level ..................................................................... 32 Table 3.10 Approximation Table .................................................................................................. 32 Table 4.1 Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials ..................................................... 35 Table 4.2 Approximation Table of Flat Panel Antennas ............................................................. 36 Table 4.3 Approximation Table of Parabolic Antennas .............................................................. 41 Table 4.4 24” Diameter Antenna Dimensions ............................................................................ 42 Table 4.5a Contents List, Mount Assembly .................................................................................. 44 Table 4.5b Contents List, Mount Assembly .................................................................................. 45 Table 4.5c Contents List, Feed Assembly ................................................................................... 45 Table 4.5d Contents List, Reflector Assembly ............................................................................. 45 Table 4.6 Nut Tightening Procedures ........................................................................................ 56 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Welcome! Welcome to the Wireless, Inc. WaveNet Link™ Series product family. This manual is designed to introduce you to the Link AX™, and to provide you with information necessary to plan, install, operate and maintain a Link AX wireless communication system. The Link AX is intended for professional installation only. This manual, however, is also designed for personnel who plan, operate and administrate the Link AX communication system. Please review the entire manual before powering up or deploying any Link AX. Updates to this manual will be posted on the Wireless, Inc. Customer Service Website at http://www.wire-less-inc.com. Registered Wireless customers can access Wireless’ on-line information and support service, available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Our on-line service provides users with a wealth of up-to-date information, with documents being added or updated each month. Radiation Warnings Microwave Radio Radiation Warning Under normal operating conditions, Link AX radio equipment complies with the limits for human exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). All Wireless, Inc. microwave radio equipment is designed so that under normal working conditions, microwave radiation directly from the radio is negligible when compared with the permissible limit of continuous daily exposure recommended in the United States by ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1991 (R1997), Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz. Microwave signal levels that give rise to hazardous radiation levels can exist within transmitter power amplifiers, associated RF multiplexers, and antenna systems. Never look into the open end of a Waveguide as eyes are particularly vulnerable to radiation. Do not disconnect RF coaxial connectors, open microwave units, or break down any microwave screening while the radio equipment is operating. vi WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Microwave Antenna Radiation Warning Designed for point-to-point operation, a Link AX microwave radio system uses directional antennas to transmit and receive microwave signals. These directional antennas are usually circular or rectangular in shape, and are usually mounted outdoors on a tower or mast, well above ground level. Referencing OET Bulletin 65 (Edition 97-01, August 1997) from the Federal Communication Commission’s Office of Engineering & Technology, limits for maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to microwave signals have been adopted by the FCC for General Population/Uncontrolled environments. This limit is 1.0 mW/cm2, with averaging times of thirty-minutes. The closer you are to the front center-point of a microwave antenna, the greater the power density of its transmitted microwave signal. Unless you are very close, however, microwave exposure levels will fall far below the MPE limits. To determine how close to a microwave antenna you can be and still remain below the MPE limits noted above, “worst case” predictions of the field strength and power density levels in the vicinity of an Link AX™ microwave antenna can be made from the following calculations. The equation is generally accurate in the far-field of an antenna, and will over-predict power density in the near-field (i.e. close to the antenna). S = PG/4πR2 where: S = power density (in mW/cm2) P = power input to the antenna (mW) G = power gain of the antenna in the direction of interest relative to an isotropic radiator R = distance to the center of radiation of the antenna (cm) Note that G, the power gain factor, is usually expressed in logarithmic terms (i.e., dB), and must be converted using the following equation: G = 10 dB/10 For example, a logarithmic power gain of 17.5 dB is equal to a numeric gain of 56.23. Assuming (1) maximum output power from the Link AX (+12 dBm [15.8 mW]), (2) no signal loss in the cable connecting the Link AX to the antenna, and (3) the use of a 17.5 dBi gain flat panel antenna, the 1.0 mW/cm2 MPE power density limit would be reached at a distance of approximately 8.4 cm. The Link AX is classified as a fixed installation product, and per FCC policy guidelines regarding MPE, antennas used for this Wireless Inc. transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of 2 meters (6 feet) or more from all persons during normal operation to satisfy FCC RF exposure compliance. Wireless, Inc. fully supports the FCC’s adopted MPE limits, and recommends that personnel maintain appropriate distances from the front of all directional microwave antennas. Should you have questions about Link AX microwave signal radiation, please contact the Wireless, Inc. Customer Service Department. vii WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Point-to-Point Radio Operation The Link AX microwave radio system is intended for point-to-point, line-of-sight applications only. The antennas utilized in these applications are high gain, highly directive antennas, and are intended for professional installation. Antennas should be mounted on permanent structures such as masts or towers, which are not accessible to the general public. The installer shall mount the antennas as to comply with the limits for human exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields per paragraph 1.1307 of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Regulations. The FCC requirements incorporate limits for Maximum Permissable Exposure (MPE) in terms of electric field strength, magnetic field strength, and power density. It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure the antennas are used with the Link AX radio, are designed for fixed point-to-point operations, and their use with the radio complies with FCC limits stated in Part 15.407. The following information is supplied pursuant to FCC Regulations (Part 15.407) for unlicensed intentional radiators: The Link AX conforms to the regulations in CFR 47, Part 15.407 pertaining to unlicensed pointto-point use. Modifications to the equipment, which would alter the conditions of the Equipment Grant of Authorization are strictly prohibited, and may void the user’s right to operate the equipment. Notice Regarding Operation pursuant to FCC part 15 Rules This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. viii WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 1.0 General Overview 1.1 WaveNet Link Series Product Family All Link AX radios are members of the WaveNet Link Series radio product family. The WaveNet Link Series is designed to provide an economical wireless solution for local access telecommunication requirements. This manual addresses, in detail, the operation of the Link AX. For detailed information on other members of the WaveNet Link Series, please refer to the appropriate Operation Manual(s). 1.2 Introduction to the Link AX The Link AX is a digital radio designed for use as a point-to-point communications system. The Link AX is used in the following applications: Wireless DSL Point-to-point (building to building) Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) Wireless Local Loop (WLL) Backup Solutions Temporary Links The Link AX radio is designed for operation in two of the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands at frequencies of 5.250 - 5.350 GHz and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz. Each Link AX is comprised of a pole mounted RF/antenna unit. Each radio is powered by means of a DC power supply (optional AC-DC power supply available) which is fed to the unit through a power/data cable. The system has a total data transmission capacity of 8 Mps full-duplex. Refer to the Link AX data sheets for detailed information relating to product offerings and specifications. WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 1.3 Regulatory Information In January 1997, the FCC made available 300 MHz of spectrum for Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) devices. The FCC believes that the creation of the U-NII band will stimulate the development of new unlicensed digital products which will provide efficient and less expensive solutions for local access applications. The U-NII band is divided into three sub bands at 5.15 - 5.25, 5.25 - 5.35 and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz. The first band is strictly allocated for indoor use and is consistent with the European High Performance Local Area Network (HIPERLAN). The second and third bands are intended for high speed digital local access products for “campus” and “short haul” microwave applications. Table 1.1 - FCC U-NII Bands Band 1 Band 2 Band 3 5.15 to 5.25 GHz 5.25 to 5.35 GHz 5.725 to 5.825 GHz Power (Max) 200 milliwatts EIRP 1 watt (EIRP) +30 dBm 4 watts (EIRP) +36 dBm Intended Use Indoor Use Only Campus Approx 10 miles Frequency * Note: An FCC memorandum opinion and order (M00) revised on June 24, 1998 allows the use of a directional antenna with 23 dBi gain and a maximum transmitter output power of 1 watt in the 5.725 - 5.825 U-NII band. WL202001 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 2.0 WaveNet Link AX Product Profile 2.1 General Overview The Link AX microwave radio provides digital capacities for 16 Mb/s data rates (8Mb/s fullduplex) for distance of up to 15 km. The radio terminal operates in the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) spectrum with a Split Modulation system architecture that provides full duplex operation in the 5.3/5.7 GHz U-NII frequency bands. The product uses two separate 100 MHz bands within the U-NII frequency spectrum. Within these bands, the Link AX series operates in one of many independent channels providing for frequency reuse and network flexibility, ideal for dense network applications. Synthesized RF channel selection is field configurable, as are the power output options for the selection of antenna sizes. Complying with all aspects of FCC Rules Subpart 15.401-15.407, the transmission characteristics of the Link AX series are designed to meet the peak power spectral density requirements of the U-NII 5.250 - 5.350 and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz bands. The Link AX has been designed for easy access to all interfaces, controls, and displays. Information in this manual will familiarize you with all of these items. Figure 2.1 illustrates two (2) Link AX terminals in a point-to-point configuration. The Link AX is avaialble with two types of Outdoor Unit/Antenna configurations: External Antennas : Requires the use of an external antenna (parabolic or flat panel type), and the connection between ODU and antenna is performed via the use of a 2-meter (6 feet) piece of RG8 type cable. Typically this can be used for longer link distances up to 9 miles (15 km). Integral Antennas: A 9” flat panel antenna is integrated into the ODU housing, and is internally connected. Typically this can be used for short link distances up to 4 miles (6 km). Link AX 5.3 GHz TX Radio Mount Kit Antenna Mount Site A Indoor Elements 21-56 VDC Power Supply Data Link AX IDU (optional) Data / Power Cable RSSI Test Point 1 Meter ODU-Antenna Interconnect Cable Antenna 5.3/5.8 GHz Outdoor Element Link AX 5.8 GHz TX Antenna 5.3/5.8 GHz Site B Indoor Elements 21-56 VDC 1 Meter ODU-Antenna Interconnect Cable Power Supply Data WL292004 Link AX IDU (optional) Data / Power Cable RSSI Test Point Radio Mount Kit Antenna Mount WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 2.1 - Typical Deployment of a Link AX in a Point-to-Point External Antenna Configuration WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 2.2 Specifications 2.2.1 General Specifications Frequency Range: RF Channel Bandwidth: Channel Increments: Radio Operation: Antenna Port Impedance: Ethernet Data Rate: 5.250 - 5.350 GHz and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz 12 MHz 10.24 MHz Full duplex 50 ohms nominal 8 Mbps full duplex 2.2.2 ATM Interface Type: Distance: Termination: ATM-25 100 meters (330 ft) max 100 ohm or 120 ohm RJ45 (user device per ATM 25.6 forum specification af-phy-0040.000) ATM Traffic Parameters: Parameter Description Min PCR Peak Cell Rate SCR Sustained Cell Rate 15645 MBS Maximum Burst Size MCR Minimum Cell Rate 0 Typical 19200 Max 59259 19555 2.2.3 Transmitter Specifications Frequency Range: Channel Increments: Modulation: Power Output: Transmit Duty Cycle: Emission Mask: Frequency Stability: Data Rate: 5.250 - 5.350 GHz and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz 10.24 MHz BPSK 0, +4, +8, and +12 dBm 100% Per FCC 15.407 ± 5 ppm 8 Mbps 2.2.4 Receiver Specifications Type: Sensitivity for 1x10-6 BER: Receiver Overload for 1x10-6 BER Maximum RF Input (no damage): Data Rate: Channel Increments: Coherent Detection -83 dBm -30 dBm -20 dBm 8 Mbps 10.24 MHz Unit Cps Cps Cell Cps WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 2.2.5 Digital Interface ATM Interference on ODU The 8-pin CircularMil (ATM interface/ODU status signals) connector pin assignments are shown in Table 2.1. 2.2.6 Power Supply Input Connector on ODU Table 2.1 - Connector Pin Assignment, ATM Connector on ODU Pin LEAD DESCRIPTION TX+ Twisted Pair Transmit + TX- Twisted Pair Transmit - PWR/ALM RSSI AGND Ground for RSSI DGND Ground for Power/Alarm LED RX+ Twisted Pair Receive + RX- Twisted Pair Receive - Signal that drives "Power/Local Alarm" LED on IDU Analog voltage indicatng signal strength WL202003 Note: Pins 3-6 are used in conjunction with the Indoor Unit for test and maintenance purposes only. Refer to DIP switch settings on page 34 for details. When connecting to a Network device, only pins 1,2,7, and 8 are used. The 4-pin CircularMil power supply input connector pin assignments are shown in Table 2.2. Note: The white lead of the power side of the Data/Power cable connects to Pin 1, thus it should be connected to the negative lead of the power source. The red lead of the power side of the Data/Power cable connects to Pin 2, thus it should be connected to the positive lead of the power source. 2.2.7 Antennas Table 2.2 - Connector Pin Assignment, Power Supply Input Connector on ODU Pin Lead Function Color Negative Input (-) Connection to negative lead of power supply. White Positive Input (+) Connection to positive lead of power supply. Red Not Used Not Used WL202004 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual The antennas shown in Table 2.3 are recommended for use with Link AX. With the exception of the 4’ dishes, all antennas have been tested with Link AX to verify compliance with applicable FCC rules. 2.2.8 Power Requirements Table 2.3 - Recommended Antennas Type Manufacturer and Part Number 9" Intergrated Flat Panel, Plne Polarized, 18 dBi RadioWaves WFP.75-5.2 6" Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 17.5 dBi Gabriel DFPD.5-52 12" Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 23 dBi Gabriel DFPD1-52 12" diameter dish, Plane Polarized 23.3 dBi RadioWaves SPI-5.2NL 24" Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 27.5 dBi Gabriel DFPD2-52 24" diameter dish, Plane Polarized, 28.1 dBi Gabriel SSP2-52ARI 24" diameter dish, Dual Polarized, 28.1 dBi Gabriel SSD2-52ARI *48" diameter dish, Plane Polarized, 33.5 dBi Gabriel SSP4-52A *48" diameter dish, Dual Polarized, 33.5 dBi Gabriel SSD4-52A * The 48" dish antennas are for use outside the USA only, and are not FCC compliant. Primary power supply DC AC Power Consumption WL202005 ±21 to ±56 V 100 to 240V 50/60 Hz (with optional external power supply). Maximum 17 Watts 2.2.9 Environmental Specifications Outdoor Unit 2.2.10 Operating Temperature Range: -30°C to +60°C Storage Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C Altitude: 4,500 meters max. Humidity: Outdoor, all-weather enclosure Mechanical Dimensions ODU Weight ODU 310mm x 351mm x 73mm (HxWxD) 12.2” x 13.8” x 2.9” 5 kg 11 lbs WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 2.3 User Interfaces The Link AX provides user interfaces for fused DC power connection, electrical grounding, radio frequency (RF) antenna connection, ATM25 connection, configuration and RSSI output. The following provides information on each interface. Outdoor Unit • Data/Power Cable - Siamesed CAT-5 ATM25 and power cables. • RSSI - BNC type connector for RSSI measurement. • Antenna (RF) Connector - N-type female connector used for connection with antenna. Note: There is no N-Type RF connector used on ODUs with integral antennas. • Main Power - The Link AX is designed to work from a power input of 21 to 56 VDC. • Grounding Connector - The ODU is equipped with an M5 ground screw and associated washers. This ground screw serves as the proper chassis-ground connection point for an external ground source. The Link AX must be grounded in accordance with the electrical codes, standards, and practices governing the local installation. • Configuration Switch - Configuration of the Link AX is performed via a DIP switch on the ODU. The 10-position DIP switch is accessible by removing the water-tight dust cap on the ODU. Once exposed, each of the 10 switches can be manipulated using tool that is provided with the mounting kit. 2.4 ODU Performance Monitoring RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator) - A voltage provided through a BNC connector on the outside of the ODU. The RSSI port is used for antenna alignment during installation and for periodic measurement of Receiver/Path performance. The RSSI voltage in relation to the receive signal level ranges from -30 dBm to -90 dBm. WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 2.5 Theory of Operation General Overview The Link AX is a point to point Wireless ATM-25 Extender operating in the 5.3/5.7 GHz U-NII band as authorized in rule sections 15.401 through 15.407. The unit is enclosed in a weather proof outdoor enclosure and is intended to provide data links over distances up to 15 km. The radio in the unit operates full duplex, transmitting and receiving data at the rate of 8.192 Mbps. The radio is modulated using BPSK. Circuit Description The following circuit description is intended to explain the operation of the radio at the block diagram level. This text is written with the idea that the reader has the block diagram readily available, as it will aid in understanding the signal flow in the radio. 2.5.1 Link AX Transmitter The physical interface to the radio consists of ATM-25 cells that are routed to ATM physical interface (PHY) chip. The PHY chip stores the data cells, and then converts them into a synchronous 8.448 Mbps data stream that is fed into the transmitter. To mark cell boundries, a SYNC byte (01111110) is inserted at the beginning of every cell. Zero insertion circuitry, inserts a zero after five consecutive ones, guaranteeing SYNC byte uniqueness while transmiting the cell’s content. The data is differentially encoded and scrambled before it is routed through the transmit baseband filter to provide spectral shaping. The baseband filter is a five pole low pass filter. After amplification, the baseband signal is fed to the modulator consisting of a doubly balanced mixer. The modulator is running directly at the transmitter frequency of 5.775 GHz ± 50 MHz. The local oscillator signal of the mixer is supplied from the frequency synthesizer section, with the frequency dependant on the RF channel selected. From the output of the modulator, the signal is amplified and then passed through a 150 MHz wide bandpass filter to remove any local oscillator products from the output spectrum. After filtering, the signal is passed through a series of amplifier and attenuator stages that are used to control the output power level. With a combination of fixed and variable attenuation the output power can be set to one of four different levels to accommodate different antennas used with the product. The power setting is maintained by an active ALC circuit that samples the transmitter output power and then adjusts the variable attenuator to keep the output power constant over the operating temperature of the unit. The power level is controlled to within +1/-2 dB of the set point. Following the attenuators the signal is fed through additional amplification to bring the output level to a maximum of +14 dBm at the output of power amplifier. A lowpass matching section follows the power amplifier to aid in filtering harmonics of the signal. After passing through the duplexer, the power level at the antenna port is a maximum of +12 dBm. WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 2.2a - Outdoor Unit, Front View, External Antenna WL293001 Figure 2.2b - Outdoor Unit, Back View, External Antenna Antenna Connection (N Type, Female) Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) (BNC Type, Female) Mounting Studs DIP Switch Access Siamesed Category 5 ATM and Power cables connections ODU Ground Connection 10 WL292002 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 2.2c - Outdoor Unit, Front View, Integral Antenna Outdoor RF unit with integral Antenna WL241008 Figure 2.2d - Outdoor Unit, Back View, Integral Antenna Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) (BNC Type, Female) Mounting Studs DIP Switch Access Siamesed Category 5 ATM and Power Cables Connections ODU Ground Connection 11 WL291003 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 2.5.2 Link AX Receiver The receiver in theLink AX is a conventional dual conversion design with IF frequencies of 474.88 MHz and 70 MHz. From the receive port of the duplexer, the low level input signal is passed through a low noise preamplifier that provides 25 dB of gain. Following the preamplifier the signal is passed through a 200 MHz wide bandpass filter to provide image rejection for the first mixer. The signal is then mixed with the first LO to convert the signal to 474.88 MHz. Following further amplification the signal is passed through a five pole, 20 MHz wide bandpass filter. This filter provides image filtering for the second mixer, and also helps attenuate signals on the adjacent receive channels. After filtering, the signal is further amplified and then passed through a variable attenuator stage before it is applied to the second mixer. The output of the second mixer is at 70 MHz. The 70 MHz IF stages provide additional gain along with two sections of variable attenuation for the AGC function. The primary adjacent channel filtering is also at 70 MHz where the signal is passed through a 12 MHz wide SAW filter. The combination of filters provide a minimum of 47 dB of attenuation at the adjacent receive channels (±10.24 MHz). At the end of the 70 MHz IF chain the signal is fed into a quadrature demodulator. The carrier recovery loop consists of a four quadrant multiplier that multiplies I and Q baseband signals to create an error voltage. This error voltage is then amplified and fed back to the 70 MHz VCO. This forms a phase locked loop that is locked to the received carrier frequency. The 70 MHz output is also fed into a wide band logarithmic amplifier that provides a DC voltage output proportional to the 70 MHz signal strength. The DC voltage is then integrated and fed back to the variable attenuator stages to form an AGC control loop. This control loop keeps the signal level at the input to the demodulator chip constant over the entire operating range of the receiver. Data recovery from the I baseband signal begins by passing the I signal through a slicer. The output of the slicer is a digital signal that contains both data and clocking information. A clock recovery circuit recovers receive timing information that is needed to clock the data through the descrambler, and differential decoder. This 8.448 Mb bit stream is then converted into ATM cells. The SYNC bytes and the inserted zeros are stripped form the cells prior to their delivery to the ATM25 PHY. This method provides worst case cell rate of 15645 cells per second (cps) and typical cell rates of approximately 19200 cps. 12 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 2.5.3 Synthesizer The FPGA provides four 22-bit streams in a serial format loaded to the synthesizer. This data provides all of the possible frequencies at which the system can operate. Depending upon the dip switch settings selected, the actual frequency being used is selected. When the reset button is pressed, the FPGA will reload this data to the synthesizer. Frequency Synthesis The local oscillator frequencies used in the Link AX are all synthesized from a 19.2 MHz, ± 2.5 PPM reference oscillator. The overall frequency stability of the radio is ± 2.5 PPM, directly reflecting the reference oscillator stability. A dual frequency synthesizer chip is used to control both the first and second local oscillator loops. This chip supports one high frequency oscillator, up to 1.5 GHz, and one lower frequency oscillator to be used as a second LO. The first local oscillator VCO operates at one half the transmitter output frequency, and changes with the transmit channel selected. The first LO consists of a bipolar VCO operating at 2.887 GHz ±25 MHz. The output of this VCO is buffered and then passed through a X2 prescaler chip before being fed back to the synthesizer chip. The phase comparison frequency for the first LO is 320 kHz. After amplification the 2.887 GHz signal is passed through a frequency doubler to create the 5.775 GHz signal that is applied to the mixer stages. The second local oscillator consists of a VCO that is phase locked to 404.88 MHz. This auxiliary synthesizer is operating with a phase comparison frequency of 240 kHz. 2.6 Indoor Unit An optional Indoor Unit (IDU) can be used with the Link AX to provide diagnostics and troubleshooting aid to maintenance personnel. The IDU contains a single LED that illuminates with the presence of ATM25 data and power. Additionally a BNC connector is provided so that maintenance personnel can view RSSI voltage inside the building. The IDU is NOT required for operation of the Link AX radio system. Figure 2.3 shows the Link AX IDU. Figure 2-3 Link AX Indoor Unit (IDU) ATM 25 interface Connection Radio Unit Connection System power and RF Status indicator (Green LED) Measurement Port RSSI (BNC Type Connector) WL238005 13 ATM 25 Interface 14 Data Slicer Clock Recovery Circuitry Descrambler and Decoding Bridge Chip Carrier Recovery Circuitry 8.192 Mbit/sec, 4.096 MHz Baseband Filters Scrambler and Diff. Encoder Quad Demod. Chip 70 MHz VCO Baseband Filter 8.192 Mbit/sec,4.096 MHz Variable Attenuator AGC Control Circuitry 70 MHz Variable Attenuator FPGA Power Programming and Frequency Programming Modulator Receive Chain Loop Filter Dual Frequency Synthesizer Loop Filter Switchable Attenuation Transmit Chain Variable Attenuator 404.88 MHz VCO Prescaler 2.887 GHz +/- 25MHz VCO Power Control Circuitry Variable Attenuation 5.775 GHz +/- 50MHz 474.88 MHz Frequency Synthesis Frequency Doubler Power Amp ALC Circuitry 5.300 GHz +/- 50 MHz Preamp Duplexer WL292005 External Antenna WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 2.4 - Link AX Block Diagram WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 3.0 Equipment Installation and Commissioning 3.1 Installation The Link AX microwave radio system is intended for professional installation only. Prior to installing the radio, both a site survey and path survey should be performed. The site survey allows the installer to determine the best location for the radio, antenna, and supporting structure, as well as determine antenna orientation, and cable route to the indoor equipment. It is extremely important to mount the structure in such a manner that minimizes foot traffic in front of the antenna (if installed on a roof, for example). A path survey is completed to ensure that the radio will perform based on a given distance, and in keeping with the EIRP limits, provides the installer with a target receive signal level which is verified during antenna alignment. A sample calculation is provided in Figure 3.9. The Link AX has been specifically designed for ease of installation. The following installation instructions should be followed. 1. Plan the installation - Decide where each component of the Link AX will be placed prior to commencement of any installation activity. Installation considerations for each component in general are as follows: a. Outdoor RF Unit - Mount as close as practical to the Antenna assembly. The maximum distance is determined by the included interconnect cable. The installed cable is 2-meters in length. Determine pole mounting details for the Outdoor Unit and Antenna. Table 3.1 identifies the maximum transmit power level setting that can be used with each antenna while maintaining compliance with FCC EIRP regulations. Power levels are referenced to the antenna port of the radio and are average power levels indicating what would be measured using an average power meter. The FCC expresses limits as peak power numbers. To convert from the average power numbers to peak power numbers, add 1.8 dB to the average power numbers. 15 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual If external antennas are utilized, and connected with the 2 meter cable mentioned in (a), then factor in 2.6 dB for the loss in the coaxial cable when calculating EIRP figures. If the product is being deployed in a country not governed by FCC regulations, the installer should select a transmit power level setting appropriate for the antenna that is deployed to maintain compliance with regulations employed by that country. Refer to Table 2.6 for Configuration Switch setting information. b. Antenna Unit - See Appendix B. 3.1.1 EIRP Calculations in the 5.3 GHz Band The following is an excerpt from CFR 47 Part 15.407 (a)(1): For the band 5.25-5.35 GHz, the peak transmit power over the frequency band of operation shall not exceed the lesser of 250 mW or 11 dBm+10logB, where B is the 26-dB emission bandwidth in MHz. In addition, the peak power spectral density shall not exceed 11 dBm in any 1-MHz band. If transmitting antennas of directional gain greater than 6 dBi are used, both the peak transmit power and the peak power spectral density shall be reduced by the amount in dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi. Based on the above rules, the Link AX (for the 5.3 GHz radio) must be configured by the installer to operate using the conditions in Table 3.1 below. These values assume a nominal loss of 1.0 dB cable loss for the Wireless Inc. supplied RF cable (6 foot length) that connects the ODU to the external antenna. Table 3.1 - Maximum Transmit Power Level Setting vs. Antenna Type (for compliance with FCC EIRP limits) in the 5.3 GHz Band Manufacturer P/N Maximum Transmit Power Setting (dBm) 6" External, Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 17.5 dBi Gabriel DFPD.5-52 0 dBi 9" Integrated, Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 18 dBi RadioWaves WFP.75-5.2 0 dBi Antenna Type WL300001 16 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 3.1.2 EIRP Calculations in the 5.7 GHz Band The following is an excerpt from CFR 47 Part 15.407 (a)(2): For the band 5.725-5.825 GHz, the peak transmit power over the frequency band of operation shall not exceed the lesser of 1 W or 17 dBm+10logB, where B is the 26-dB emission bandwith in MHz. In addition, the peak power spectral density shall not exceed 17 dBm in any 1-MHz band. If transmitting antennas of directional gain greater than 6 dBi are used, both the peak transmit power and the peak power spectral density shall be reduced by the amount in dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi. However, fixed point-to-point U-NII devices operating in this band may employ transmitting antennas with directional gain up to 23 dBi without any corresponding reduction in the transmitter peak output power or peak power spectral density. For fixed point-to-point U-NII transmitters that employ a directional antenna gain greater than 23 dBi, a 1 dB reduction in peak transmitter power and peak power spectral density for each 1 dB of antenna gain in excess of 23 dBi would be required. Fixed, point-topoint operations exclude the use of point-to-multipoint systems, omni directional applications, and multiple collocated transmitters transmitting the same information. The operator of the UNII device, or if the equipment is professionally installed, the installer, is responsible for ensuring that systems employing high gain directional antennas are used exclusively for fixed, point-topoint operations. Based on the above rules, the Link AX (for the 5.7 GHz radio) must be configured by the installer to operate using the conditions in Table 3.2 below. These values assume a nominal loss of 1.0 dB cable loss for the Wireless Inc. supplied RF cable (6 foot length) that connects the ODU to the external antenna. Table 3.2 - Maximum Transmit Power Level Setting vs. Antenna Type (for compliance with FCC EIRP limits) in the 5.7 GHz Band, Orignial and July 31, 1998 rules Antenna Type Manufacturer P/N Maximum Transmit Power Setting (dBm) 6" External, Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 17.5 dBi Gabriel DFPD.5-52 +12 9" Integrated, Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 18 dBi RadioWaves WFP.75-5.2 +12 12" External, Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 23 dBi Gabriel DFPD1-52 +12 12" External, Parabolic, Plane Polarized, 23.3 dBi Radiowaves SPI-5.2NL +12 24" External, Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 27.5 dBi Gabriel DFPD2-52 +12 24" External, Parabolic, Plane Polarized, 28.1 dBi Gabriel SSP2-52ARI +12 24" External, Parabolic, Dual Polarized, 28.1 dBi Gabriel SSD2-52ARI +12 WL300002 17 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 2. Inventory your equipment and installation materials. To install one (1) terminal you should have the items shown in Table 3.3. 3. The following tools should be on hand: Table 3.3 - List of Tools Tool Purpose Wire Stripper/Cutter General wire stripping and cutting purposes Utility Knife General cable preperation Hand-Held Digital Voltmeter (DMM) equipped with standard probes BNC to Dual-Banana plug and 3' coax cable with BNC connectors (antenna alignment) Confirms magnitude, polarity, continuity Adjustable Wrenches Antenna Mounting, Outdoor Unit up to 22 mm #2 Phillips Screwdriver Outdoor Unit Grounding #2 Flat Blade Screwdriver Antenna Mounting Spade Lug Crimp Tool ODU Ground Preperation RJ45 Crimp Connector Cable Preperation WL294001 3.2 ATM25 Data Connector The ATM25 connections are made to the data side of the power/data cable assembly, normally it is supplied with an RJ45 connector. Pin-Outs for the RJ45 cable are as follows: Table 3.4 - Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials Qty Description Link AX Pole, Wall, or tilt Mounted Bracket and associated fasteners Siamesed ATM/Power Cable N-Male to N-Male Coaxial Cable Assembly (External Antenna Only) AC to DC Power Adapter Antenna (External Antenna Systems only) WL202012 18 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 3.3 Connect the Power Supply 3.3.1 DC Power Supply Table 3.5 - Connector Pin Assignment, ATM Connector on ODU Pin LEAD DESCRIPTION TX+ Twisted Pair Transmit + TX- Twisted Pair Transmit - PWR/ALM RSSI AGND Ground for RSSI DGND Ground for Power/Alarm LED RX+ Twisted Pair Receive + RX- Twisted Pair Receive - Signal that drives "Power/Local Alarm" LED on IDU Analog voltage indicatng signal strength WL202003 The white lead of the power side of the Data/Power cable connects to Pin 1, thus it should be connected to the negative lead of the power source. The red lead of the power side of the Data/ Power cable connects to Pin 2, thus it should be connected to the positive lead of the power source. 3.3.2 Optional AC Power Supply The AC-DC power supply is connected to an AC outlet by means of an IEC type power cord. Connect the power cord to the supply as shown in Figure 3.1. The output of the supply should be connected to the power side of the Data/Power cable using guidelines shown in Table 2.2. 3.4 Outdoor RF Unit Installation General The outdoor unit is installed by means of a pole mount adaptor bracket (wall mount optional) Figure 3.1- Power Cord Connection WL202013 19 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual that is secured to the pole using two metal hose type clamps. Figure 3.2 shows the hardware provided to mount the Outdoor RF Unit. 1. Ensure DIP 2. Install the outdoor unit pole mount adaptor bracket using the supplied metal hose type clamps. See Figure 3.3. 3. Align the four mounting studs on the outdoor unit with the bracket holes (See Figure 3.4) and secure to the bracket by pushing down the latches as shown in Figures 3.5a and 3.5b. 4. Connect the Siamesed Category 5 ATM/Power cable, the N-type antenna, the coaxial cable, and the ground connections as shown in Figures 3.6a and 3.6b. 3.7.2 Aligning the Link AX System Antennas With the Link AX at each site properly configured for operation, antenna alignment must be performed at both sites. Proper antenna alignment is crucial to the proper operation of an Link Figure 3.2 - Outdoor Unit Mounting Hardware Tilt Mounting Bracket (Optional) Wall Mount Bracket (Optional) Pole Mount Bracket Pole Mount Bracket Fasteners Siamesed Category 3 Ethernet and Power Cable for IDU to ODU Interconnection N-Male to N-Male ODU to Antenna Coaxial Cable Assembly 20 WL293003 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 3.3 - Attaching the Pole or Tilt Mount Adaptor Bracket Pole Mount Bracket Hose Clamps WL202015 Vertical Adjustment Bolts Pole Hose Clamps WI291002 21 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 3.4 - Mounting the Outdoor RF Unit to the Bracket Outdoor Unit Pole Mount Bracket WL202016 22 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 3.5a - Mounting Bracket Latch and Stud Mount Detail Detail of Latch Mechanism for Securing the Outdoor Unit to the Pole Mount (4 Places on Bracket) Outdoor Unit Mounting Studs placed through this hole WL202017 23 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 3.5b - Locking the Mounting Hardware Press locking latches down to secure the ODU to the pole mount bracket Mounting Studs x 4 WL202018 24 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 3.6a - N-Type Antenna and Siamesed Ethernet/Power Connections 50 Ohm Antenna Cable Siamesed Category 5 Ethernet / Power Cable WL292003 25 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 3.6b - Ground Connection Ground Cable (not supplied) WL202020 26 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 3.5 Indoor Unit Figure 3.7 - Link AX Indoor Unit (IDU) ATM 25 interface Connection Radio Unit Connection System power and RF Status indicator (Green LED) Measurement Port RSSI (BNC Type Connector) WL238005 An optional Indoor Unit (IDU) can be used with the Link AX to provide diagnostics and troubleshooting aid to maintenance personnel. The IDU contains a single LED that illuminates with the presence of ATM25 data and power. Additionally a BNC connector is provided so that maintenance personnel can view RSSI voltage inside the building. The IDU is NOT required for operation of the Link AX radio system. Figure3.7 shows the Link AX IDU. Tables 3.6a and 3.6b show the connector Pin Assignment for the Radio Port and the ATM25 Port. Table 3.6a and Table 3.6b - Connector Pin Assignment, ATM Connector on ODU Radio Port Pin LEAD TX+ TX- PWR/ALM ATM25 Port DESCRIPTION Pin LEAD TX+ TX- Twisted Pair Transmit + Twisted Pair Transmit - Signal that drives "Power/Local Alarm" LED on IDU DESCRIPTION Twisted Pair Transmit + Twisted Pair Not Used RSSI Analog voltage indicatng signal strength Not Used AGND Ground for RSSI Not Used DGND Ground for Power/Alarm LED RX+ Twisted Pair Receive + RX+ Not Used Twisted Pair Receive + RX- Twisted Pair Receive - RX- Twisted Pair Receive - WL202003 WL293004 Table 3.6c explains the IDU LED staus. Table 3.6c - IDU LED Status Power/RF Status LED Description ON (solid) Power to ODU is okay, No alarms OFF No power to ODU ON (Blinking) - Local alarm condition - Loss of ATM input - ATM errors (high link BER) WL293005 27 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 3.6 DIP Switch Function and Configuration Refer to Table 3.7 below. Switches 1, 2 and 3 control Frequency and Channel selection. Switches 4 and 5 are used for Transmit Power control. Switch 6 is not used. Switches 7-10 are used only when the optional Indoor Unit (IDU) is placed in-line between the ODU and the ATM terminating device. Note: After the last switch has been set, the radio will learn its new configuration in five seconds. There is no requirement to power cycle the radio after dip switches are changed. Table 3.7 - DIP Switch Configuration Switch Function Frequency and Channel Selection 1,2, and 3 Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3 Ch. Frequency Pair (GHz) On On On 5.26080 5.73568 Off On On 5.27104 5.74592 On Off On 5.28128 5.75616 Off Off On 5.29152 5.76640 On On Off 5.30176 5.77664 Off On Off 5.31200 5.78688 On Off Off 5.32224 5.79712 Off Off Off 5.33248 5.80736 Transmit Power Control 4 and 5 Switch 4 Switch5 Tx Power at Antenna Port 5.3 GHz/5.7 GHz Off Off 0 dBm Off On +4 dBm On Off +8 dBm On On +12 dBm Not Used IDU Disable On= ODU will be connected to IDU Off=ODU will NOT be connected to IDU 7, 8, 9, and 10 Note: In order to prevent potential damage to external equipment, it is imperative that switch 7 through 10 are set to Off position. Note: Factory default DIP switch settings are shown in bold typeface. 28 WL202008 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 3.8 - DIP Switch Access and Configuration Information ON CTS 10 WL202026 29 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 3.7 Commissioning 1. Visually verify that the Link AX is properly mounted 2. Verify that the DC power input to the Link AX is on. Refer to Table 3.8. 3.7.1 Configuring Link AX System Antennas External Antennas: The antennas used on an Link AX radio system are generally configurated for either vertical or horizontal polarization. It is extremely important to verify that both antennas are configured for the same polarization, and that the appropriate antenna polarization has been selected for the specific radio link. Integral Antennas: The integral antennas are set at the factory for either vertical or horizontal polarization, and cannot be changed in the field. If a different polarization is required, contact the distributor or Wireless, Inc. for an exchange or replacement. As with external antennas, the installer must verify that both ends of the link are configured for the same polarization. Failure to observe same polarity on both ends of the link will result in at least a 25 to 30 dBi reduction in receive signal level. Table 3.8 - Installation Checklist Installation Checklist Is proper voltage provided and connected correctly? (21-56 VDC, 16 Watts nominal draw per terminal) Is the ODU properly grounded? Is the antenna properly connected to the ODU? Is the data connection (ATM-25) in place and correct? Is the mounting structure (Mast, Pole) properly grounded? Are the Antennas oriented in the same plane (both vertical, or both horizontal)? Verify antenna pointed in general azimuth of remote end. Verify proper weatherseal of N-Type connectors on ODU and antenna. WL213059 30 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual AX radio system, and should only be accomplished by experienced professionals. The Link AX is equipped with a ODU mounted BNC-(f) RSSI connector to which an analog or digital voltmeter can be connected. The voltage range at the test point, between the center conductor of the connector and ground, varies from approximately two VDC to four VDC, serving as a receive signal strength indicator (RSSI). The stronger the receive signal, the higher the RSSI voltage. Refer to Table 3.5. Emanating from a microwave antenna is a main beam (or lobe) of RF energy, surrounded by RF side lobes. The beamwidth of the main beam varies with the size and type of antenna, as well as the specific frequency of the RF signal, and is generally defined by the nominal total width of the main beam at the half-power (-3 dB) points. Side lobes surround the main beam at specific angle distances, and will be lower in power than the main beam. When aligning an antenna system, it is extremely important to verify that the antennas are both aligned on the main beam, not on a side lobe. Referencing Table 3.6, the first side lobe will generally be located at an angle slightly less than twice the antenna beamwidth. Following the course alignment of an antenna system, a common practice when performing a fine alignment is to slowly swing each antenna (one at a time!) in both vertical (elevation) and horizontal (azimuth) planes to verify that the main beam and first side lobe can be accurately identified. This insures that accurate alignment of the antenna system on the main beam has been accomplished. Each Link AX is shipped with an RSSI test sheet, showing the relationship between the receive signal strength level (in dBm) and the RSSI level (in VDC). These RSSI test sheets are often referred to as AGC Curves. The RSSI test sheets can be used to verify that the calculated receive signal levels match up with the actual receive signal levels. Substantial differences between calculated and actual levels could point to transmission system problems, side lobe alignment, path obstructions, etc. 31 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Table 3.9 - RSSI Voltage vs. Receive Signal Level RSSI versus RSL Typical 5.00 4.00 3.00 RSSI (V) 25 C 65 C -35 C 2.00 1.00 0.00 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 Receiver Signal Level (dBm) WL205001 Table 3.10 - Approximation Table Antenna Diameter and Style Gain (dBi) 3 dB Beamwidth (degrees) 6" flat panel 17.5 19.0 12" flat panel 23 9.4 12" Parabolic 23.3 11.8 24" parabolic 28.1 6.1 24" flat panel 27.5 4.7 48" parabolic* 30.2 3.1 * The 48 dish antenna is for use outside the USA only, and are not FCC compliant. 32 WL202023 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 3.7.3 Verifying Antenna Alignment Wireless Inc. recommends that the installer verify the alignment of the antennas by performing a simple calculation. Verifying proper antenna alignment is critical to the installation of the equipment, as it ensures that the desired signal is being received, as well as ensures that the transmitter is sending data to the desired remote location. A sample calculation is provided below: 1) Determine Tx Power Outpour +4 dBm 2) Determine coax cable loss (if external antenna) -2.6 dB 3) Determine Tx Antenna Size and Gain (from table 3.6) 1’ parabolic +23 dBi 4) Determine Free Space Loss Distance is 3 miles = 20log(3) +111.72 -121.3 dB 5) Determine Rx Antenna Size and Gain (from table 3.6) 1’ parabolic +23 dBi 6) Determine coax cable loss (if external antenna) -2.6 dB 7) Add Gains and Losses to determine RSL -76.5 dBm Referring to table 3.9, a Receive Signal Level of -76.5 dBm is roughly equivalent to 1.3V. The installer should refer to the RSSI test sheet supplied with each ODU to determine the correct voltage for the ODU. 33 Local Free Space Loss 34 135.0 dB 95.0 dB 0.0 mi 100.0 dB 105.0 dB 110.0 dB 115.0 dB 120.0 dB 125.0 dB 130.0 dB 1.0 mi dB dB miles 3.0 mi 4.0 mi Distance 5.0 mi 6.0 mi 5.7 GHz Free Space Loss vs. Distance 2.0 mi TX output dB Cable loss = 2.6 dBi Antenna Gain Free space loss Distance 7.0 mi 8.0 mi 9.0 mi 10.0 mi dB dB RSL= - Remote Cable loss dB dBi dB dB dB WL293002 dBm 2.6 dBi Calculated RSL Cable loss = + Remote Antenna Gain - Free Space loss + Local Antenna Gain - Local Cable loss Local Tx RF Remote 109.22 dB 131.04 dB 9.75 mi 10.00 mi WL262003 131.72 dB 131.50 dB 131.27 dB 9.25 mi 9.50 mi 130.56 dB 130.80 dB 8.75 mi 130.31 dB 130.05 dB 129.78 dB 129.50 dB 129.22 dB 9.00 mi 8.50 mi 8.25 mi 8.00 mi 7.75 mi 7.50 mi 128.92 dB 128.30 dB 128.62 dB 6.75 mi 7.00 mi 7.25 mi 127.64 dB 127.98 dB 6.25 mi 127.28 dB 6.00 mi 6.50 mi 126.52 dB 126.91 dB 5.50 mi 5.75 mi 125.70 dB 126.12 dB 5.00 mi 5.25 mi 124.78 dB 125.25 dB 4.50 mi 4.75 mi 123.76 dB 124.29 dB 4.00 mi 4.25 mi 122.60 dB 123.20 dB 3.50 mi 3.75 mi 121.26 dB 121.96 dB 3.00 mi 3.25 mi 119.69 dB 120.50 dB 2.50 mi 2.75 mi 117.74 dB 118.76 dB 2.00 mi 116.58 dB 1.75 mi 2.25 mi 113.66 dB 115.24 dB 1.25 mi 1.50 mi 111.72 dB 0.75 mi 1.00 mi 99.68 dB 105.70 dB 0.50 mi FSL 0.25 mi miles WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 3.9 - Receive Signal Level Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 4.0 Antenna Installation The following section describes the installation details of various antennas offered in a pictorial format. 4.1 Equipment Inventory List Table 4.1 - Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials Item Description 5.3 GHz TX Unit (Low Band) Part Number Qty a) External Antenna 100070-001 b) Internal Antenna, Vertical Polarity 100086-001 c) Integral Antenna, Horizontal Polarity 100081-001 5.7 GHz TX Unit (High Band) a) External Antenna 100075-001 b) Integral Antenna, Vertical Polarity 100087-001 c) Integral Antenna, Horizontal Polarity 100082-001 Antenna a) 12" (30 cm) Flat Panel, 21 dBi 091-475512-101 b) 12" (30cm) Parabolic, 23 dBi AC100045 c) 24" (60 cm) Parabolic, 28 dBi 091-455524-101 Mounting Kit a) Pole Mount Kit KIT00077 Pole b) Wall Mount Kit KIT000017 Wall LAN Protector (optional, Indoor Use only) 100088-001 Coaxial Cable, 1 meter AC100008 Data Power Cable a) Siamese (combo) Data and Power, 4m (12') AC1000043 b) Siamese (combo) Data and Power, 25m (75') AC1000040 c) Siamese (combo) Data and Power, 50m (150') AC1000041 d) Siamese (combo) Data and Power, 100m (300') AC1000042 e) Repeater Cable, 1m (3') Back-to-Back Repeater 100151-001 note 3 f) Repeater Cable, 1m (3') Back-to-Back Repeater 100151-002 note 3 g) Power Cable, 3m, Repeater Application 100152-001 h) Power Cable, 25m, Repeater Application 100152-002 j) Power Cable, 50m, Repeater Application 100152-003 k) Power Cable, 100m, Repeater Application 100152-004 l) StarPort Interface Cable, Xm T.B.D. m) StreamNet Interface Cable, Xm T.B.D. Power Supply, 110/220 VAC 50/60 Hz to 24 VDC North American Plug AC1000044-1 European Plug AC1000044-2 Notes: 1) Unless otherwise noted as optional, all items are required to complete one link of Link AX radio. 2) If integral antennas are ordered, both ends of the link must have the same polarity, i.e. both vertical or both horizontal. 3) For repeater applications, only one Repeater cable is required at the repeater site (items 7e or 7f). Two power cables are required at the repeater site (items 7g-k). 35 WL272003 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 4.2 Antenna Install and Rough Alignment Read the instructions completely before assembling or installing the antenna. This installation can be dangerous and requires qualified personnel familiar with microwave assembly and installation. 4.2.1 Flat Panel Type Antennas, 6”, 12”, and 24” Table 4.2 reflects the different flat panel antenna dimensions. Assemble the panel mount according to Figure 4.1. Orient Antenna using instructions supplied with the antenna. Antenna models used with this mount may be circular, square or diamond shaped. To change the offset of the antenna, unbolt the mount from the antenna, invert the mount and reattach to the antenna. Table 4.2 - Approximation Table of Flat Panel Antennas Antenna Diameter and Style Gain (dBi) 3 dB Beamwidth (degrees) 6" flat panel 17.5 19.0 12" flat panel 23 9.4 24" flat panel 27.5 4.7 WL284001 Figure 4.1 - Antenna Mount Top View Optional Mast Clamp Kit for 1.9” (48mm) DIA thru 4.5” (114mm) DIA Masts 2 3/8” (60mm) DIA Mast (2) 1/4” U-Bolt w/ Washer, Lockwashers and Nuts Azimuth Adjustment Slots Rear View Offset Left Side View Rear View Offset Right Elevation Adjustment Slots WL202056 36 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.2 - Adjustable Panel Antenna Mount Azimuth and Elevation Panning 1) Loosen the Azimuth or Elevation Locking Hardware while maintaining sufficient friction to prevent unwanted slippage. View Looking Down on Slots Screw Driver Flat Blade Sectional View Looking at Edge of Slots 2) Insert flat blade screw driver into slot “B” and pry in direction of arrow or into slot “A” and pry in opposite direction. 3) Stop prying approximately at position shown as new overlapping slot in bottom plate becomes sufficiently visible when viewed through slot “A”. 4) Insert screw driver into slot “A” and pry in direction of arrow. 5) Stop prying approximately at position shown as new slot in bottom plate becomes sufficiently visible when viewed through slot “B”. Continue alternating slots and prying in either direction until desired alignment is obtained. Lock down hardware securely before leaving site. WL266002 37 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Attach the antenna to the mount as shown in Figure 4.4. For antenna polarization, assemble the antenna to the mount using four sets of nuts and washers after desired polarization is selected. In horizontal polarization the arrow sticker should be pointed in a horizontal direction. Likewise, in vertical polarization the arrow sticker should be pointed in a vertical position. Important: After cable connection is completed, wrap connection with Butyl or other waterproof tape, supplied by the customer. Each panel antenna has four factory sealed drain holes located on the back of the antenna. After orienting the antenna to its proper polarization, the lower most sealed drain hole(s) must be punctured with a pointed tool. See Figure 4.4. Caution: Do not allow the tool to protrude into the drain hole more than 1/4” (7mm) or damage to the antenna may result. Figure 4.3 - Flat Panel Antenna Drain Holes Each Panel Antenna has (4) Drain Holes located on the back of the Antenna. After orienting the Antenna to its proper polarization, plug all of the Drain Holes, except for lower most Drain Hole(s), by inserting Screws with O-rings. Antenna Polarization Assemble antenna to mount using four sets of Nuts and Washers after desired polarization is selected. Horizontal Polarization: Arrow sticker should be pointed in a horizontal direction. Vertical Polarization: Arrow sticker should be pointed in a vertical direction. Important After cable connection is completed, wrap connection with Butyl or other waterproof tape, supplied by customer. Polarization arrow, horizontal polarity shown Location of open drain holes in square or rectangular Panel Antennas Location of open Drain Hole in round or diamond shaped Antennas Rear View Left Offset 38 WL264002 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.4 - Adjustable Panel Antenna Mount Top View Side View 2.5” * (65mm) Elevation Adjustment: 1/4” Carriage Bolts with Washers, Lockwashers and Nuts (2) places Cut excess clamp if necessary Clamp Kit for 1.9 (50mm) dia. thru 4.5 (115mm) dia. Masts Rear View Right Offset Rear View Left Offset * To obtain ±20˚ elevation on a 1’ (.3m) Antenna, with Mast diameters > 2.4” (60mm) the Mast must not extend beyond 2.5” (65mm). To change offset: Unbolt mount from Antenna, invert mount and reattach to Antenna. Orient antenna using instructions supplied with panel. Antenna models used with this mount may be circular, square or diamond shaped. WL266001 39 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.5 - 24” Flat Panel Quick Align Mount 1) Remove 2 bolts (keep all parts) 2) Rotate bracket to vertical 3) Align square hole with round hole 4) Install two bolts from square hole side, on each side 2 flat washers 2 lock washes 2 nuts 5) Remove cardboard strips WL266003 40 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 4.2.2 Parabolic Type Antennas, 12”, 24” and 48” Site Planning 1. For antenna mounting and planning dimensions, see Figure 4.6 and Table 4.4. 2. The antenna is normally assembled with an elevation adjustment range of +50 degrees to -5 degrees. By inverting the mount, it can be assembled with a +5 degree to -50 degree range. In either configuration, the antenna centerline can be offset right or left, relative to the vertical mast pipe (See Figure 4.6) by inverting the Horizontal Tube Assembly. Table 3.3 reflects the different parabolic antenna dimensions. Table 4.3 - Approximation Table of Parabolic Antennas Antenna Diameter and Style Gain (dBi) 3 dB Beamwidth (degrees) 12" parabolic 24" parabolic 28.1 6.1 48" parabolic* 30.2 3.1 * The 48" dish antennas are for use outside the USA only, and are not FCC compliant. WL284002 Figure 4.6- 24” Diameter Antenna WL202027 41 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Table 4.4 - 24” Diameter Antenna Dimensions Dimension Description 2ft. (0.6m) Antenna Mount Length 22.4" (570mm) Pivot Point 4.2" (105mm) Center Line Offset 5.0" (125mm) Horizontal Mount Strut N/A Pvt. Pt. Vertical Mount Strut 8.8" (175mm) Horizontal Fixed Side Strut N/A Antenna Centerline 13.6" (345mm) Reflector Length 12.3" (315mm) Short Shroud Length 12.5" (320mm) Long Shroud Length 15.1" (385mm) Antenna Diameter 24.0" (610mm) Radome Length (Standard) 13.4" (340mm) Mount Strut Depth N/A Reflector Vertex 7.6" (190mm) Mast Diameter 2.4" 4.5" (60-115mm) Azimuth Adjustable Range ±5° Elevation Adjustment Ranges +50° /-5° WL202028 42 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.7 - Mount Configuration 3/8” (10mm) Round Head Screw Lockwasher and Nut (4) ø 2.4”- 4.5” (60-115mm) Shear Stop Collar Elevation Plate WL202029 Unpacking and Preparation 1. Carefully unpack the reflector, mount, shroud (if any), radome (if any) and feed from the crate. For correct antenna performance, handle all components with care. Set aside the packaged feed and any shroud or radome. See Figures 4.8 through 4.11. Caution: The reflector spinning has been formed to a very close-tolerance parabolic shape. Careful handling and assembly is required to avoid denting or deforming the reflector, which would degrade the antenna's performance. 2. Inspect for any damaged parts. See Tables 4.5a-4.5d for an inventory of the parts and hardware shipped with the antenna. Shroud Attachment Attach the shroud assembly that is provided with high-performance antennas to the reflector. The installation procedure is covered by another instruction sheet supplied with the shroud. Note: Some models have the shroud factory installed. 43 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Table 4.5a - Contents List, Mount Assembly Part Number Description Qty 25675-501 Horizantial Pipe Assembly 25725-505 Mast Clamping Assembly 22316-2 Threaded Rod Galv 24525-5 Mast Clamp Half 1" FW G0121 Washer Galv NU G0121 Washer Galv 23725-509 Split Washer Galv 23725-509 Mast Clamping Assy 22316-2 Threaded Rod Galv 24525-8 Mast Clamp Half FW G0120 Washer Galv NU G0120 Hex Nut SW G0090 Split Washer Galv 25727-504 Shear Stop Assy 2385-3 Threaded Rod 24525-2 AZ Clamp Half-Short NU X0130 Hex Nut SW G0090 Split Washer Galv 25730-503 Elevation Rod Assy 23611-6 Elevation Rod 23842-501 Elevation Rod Brkt Assy 25666-1 Elevation Support Angle BO G0080 Hex Bolt Galv FW G0120 Washer Galv FW G0140 Washer Galv NU G0120 Hex Nut Galv NU X0195 Hex Nut SS SW G0090 Split Washer Galv SW G0100 Split Washer Galv WL202034 44 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Table 4.5b - Contents List, Mount Assembly Part Number Description Qty. 25733-501 Mount Hardware Kit 10749-54 U-Bolt Galv. 23561-2 Spacer AD M0005 Anti-Seize 1 oz. Tube BO X0921 Hex Bolt FW G0120 Washer FW X00050 Washer 12 NU G0120 Hex Nut Galv. NU X0060 Hex Nut Galv. PN G0090 Palnut SW X0050 Split Washer Galv. 26590-1 Elevation Plate 26591-1 Azimuth Plate BO X1186 RND HD Screw NU X0130 Hex Nut SW X0080 Split Washer II-232 Installation Instructions WL202035 Table 4.5c - Contents List, Feed Assembly Part Number Description Qty. 25736-1 Feed Mounting Clamp 26716-503 Feed S/A 5.250-5.850 AD T5170 RR Track Butyl 3/16x7//8x40'DSS170 FW X0050 Washer 1/4" W 0.734x.065 II-221 Installation Instructions NU X0060 Hex Nut SW X0050 Split Washer WL202031 Table 4.5d - Contents List, Reflector Assembly Part Number Description Qty. 23832-3 Refl. Assy. SE 2' Open-2A Check WL202030 45 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.8 - Mounting Hardware Packed Feed Horn Assembly Mounting Hardware WL202032 Figure 4.9 - Mounting Hardware Unpacked WL202033 46 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.10 - Parabolic Reflector Parabolic Reflector WL202036 Figure 4.11 - Unpacking the Radome WL202037 47 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Mount Assembly and Attachment 1. The reflector should be placed face down, either on the shroud or blocked up on packing lumber. Locate the Top and Bottom markings stenciled onto the back of the reflector. 2. Loosely attach Top Support Angles to the Horizontal Tube Assembly as shown in Figure 4.12 and 4.13. 3. For desired mount configuration (refer to Figure 4.7), attach the Vertical Tube Assembly to the Horizontal Tube Assembly as shown in Figure 4.12 and 4.13. 4. Verify proper assembly of the elevation rod hardware as shown in Figure 4.14. Remove outer hardware and insert rod through elevation plate. Important: For elevation angles grater than ±20°, Beveled Washers, shown in Figure 4.14, must be used. However, beveled washers may be used for elevation angles greater than ±10°. 5. Carefully place mount assembly onto antenna backring, taking care not to damage the reflector. Loosely fasten the Top Support Angles and the Elevation Support Angle to the antenna backring using 1/2” hardware as shown in Figure 4.12. 6. Verify alignment of the Vertical Assembly with the vertical axis of the reflector and secure the Top Support Angles and the Elevation Support Angle to the ring. Figure 4.12 - Antenna Mount Assembly 3/8” (10mm) Round Head Screw Lockwasher and Nut (4) ø 2.4”- 4.5” (60-115mm) Shear Stop Collar Elevation Plate WL202038 48 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.13 - Antenna Mount Assembly WL202039 Figure 4.14 - Elevation Rod Assembly Secure Antenna to Mast Pipe using large and small Mast Clamps Attach Shear Stop Collar on Mast Pipe so that it will be Under Azimuth Plate Position Elevation Plate on the Mast so elevation screw is horizontal when Antenna is aligned WL202040 49 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Feed Installation Following the instructions provided with the feed assembly, install the feed in the reflector. Refer to Figures 4.15 through 4.20. Figure 4.15 - Feed Horn Installation 1/4-20 Hex Nut tighten securely See View A-A Below Caution: To avoid distorting reflector do not overtighten clamps 1/4-20 RND. HD. Screw w/ Split Lockwasher on front of Reflector Graphite Grease (packed w/ Antenna Mount) Insert feed from rear orient in desired polarization Assemble hardware as shown in four locations 1/4-20 Hex Nut, Lockwasher, Flat Washer Reflector Feed Support Clamp Feed Polarization View A-A Optional Port location Align face of nuts w/ edge of hole Reflector center hole Vertical Horizontal WL283001 50 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.16 - Feed Horn Polarization Markings Feed Horn Polarization Markings WL202042 Figure 4.17 - Parabola Rear View Showing Polarization Reference Markers Horizontal Polarization Marking Vertical Polarization Marking WL202043 51 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.18 - Feed Horn Installation WL202044 Figure 4.19 - Feed Horn Installation for Vertical Polarized Operation WL202045 52 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Radome Installation Molded Radomes (normally optional on standard antennas) should be installed following the instructions provided. Azimuth Adjustment Clamp/Shear Stop Installation 1. Verify proper assembly of the azimuth clamp/shear stop clamp as shown in Figure 4.20 and 4.21. Securely attach the shear stop clamp to the mast pipe as shown, orienting it as nearly as possible to the antenna boresight direction, and square to the mast axis. Note that the shear stop clamp used on the two foot antennas also provides the azimuth adjustment. 2. Refer to Figure 4.6 for the position of the antenna centerline relative to the shear stop clamp. The clamp must be mounted to provide support during installation and azimuth adjustment. Figure 4.20 - Azimuth Clamp/Shear Stop Assembly 3/8” (10mm) Round Head Screw Lockwasher and Nut (4) ø 2.4” - 4.5” (60-115mm) WL202046 Figure 4.21 - Azimuth Adjustment Clamp Assembly WL202047 53 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Antenna Hoisting and Installation 1. Attach a hoist strap around the vertical assembly or the horizontal assembly as shown in Figure 4.22. Do not hoist by the elevation rod. Make sure that the vertical assembly is unobstructed where it will mount against the mast pipe. 2. Attach tag lines and carefully lift the antenna into position, resting the vertical assembly on the shear stop clamp. 3. Fasten the mount to the mast pipe with 1/2” U-bolts. The antenna must be free to rotate during azimuth adjustment, so tighten only enough to close the gap between the mast and vertical channel. Do not leave the antenna loose for any extended period of time, i.e. overnight. Figure 4.22 - Hoisting the Antenna 5” (127mm) WL202048 54 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual General Antenna Alignment Procedures Normally the antenna is aligned by performing azimuth and elevation adjustments and elevation adjustments as necessary until the peak signal is obtained. It may be helpful to repeak one adjustment before finalizing or locking down the other. Warning: Damage to the antenna can occur if azimuth or elevation adjustments are attempted without loosening the proper connections as described in the following steps. Azimuth Adjustment 1. Be sure the mast pipe U-bolts are just loose enough to allow mount rotation while maintaining complete contact between the mount and the mast pipe. 2. Turn the long stainless steel azimuth screws against the mounting channel. By alternately turning one azimuth adjustment screw out and the other in, the antenna can be rotated to the desired azimuth angle. Approximately 1 turn changes the azimuth direction by 1°. Avoid adjusting the antenna beyond the ±5° provided by the azimuth clamp as this can damage the adjusting hardware. Fasten the antenna to the mast pipe and reposition the clamp if needed. Note: By securing the mount to the mast pipe and realigning the azimuth clamp with the antenna boresight, more reliable and precise azimuth adjustments can be achieved. After all adjustments are made, tighten both of the azimuth screws against the channel and secure with the lock nuts provided. 3. Tighten the mast pipe U-bolts while maintaining the peak signal by alternating from left to right in 1/4 turn intervals. Elevation Adjustment 1. Insure that both of the bolts connecting the mount to the Top Support Angles and the pivoting Elevation Angle (refer to Figures 4.12 and 4.14) are just loose enough to allow resisted rotation. 2. Back the outer nuts on the elevation rod away from the bottom mount plate to allow some fine adjustment range. 3. Turn the inside nut (with flat washer) on the elevation rod to adjust the elevation angle. Approximately 5 turns changes the elevation by 1°. Remember, for elevation greater than 20°, install the two beveled washers as shown in Figure 4.14. 4. After all adjustments are made, lock the nut against the bottom mount plate. Tighten the angle pivot bolt and support bracket bolts. Important: Be sure to tighten all hardware after final adjustments and insure that split lockwashers, palnuts, or jam nuts are used where provided. 55 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Inspection and Maintenance 1. Before leaving the installation, check that all hardware on the mount, shroud, radome, and feed is tight and that nuts are locked in place. 2. Inspection of the antenna should be performed at lease once a year to check its condition and to insure safe operation and maintenance. Qualified personnel, knowledgeable and experienced in antenna installations, are required for this inspection. Supplemental Information Table 4.6 is provided for installers unfamiliar with adequate nut tightening procedures for use on stainless steel bolts, U-bolts, galvanized bolts or any bolts without the ASTM-”A325” marking on the head. Disregard these recommendations when specific tightening requirements are given. Note: It is not recommended to reuse a palnut that has already been fully tightened or deformed in any way. It should be replaced by a new palnut. Weather Proofing the Type N Female Connector on Feeds Remove the protective cover from the end of the feed and mate the connectors, screwing the male connector firmly onto the feed. Important: After connecting the coaxial cable, wrap the Type N connector with the gray butyl rubber, squeezing it firmly around all joints to make a continuous seal. Finish the weatherproofing by wrapping the butyl rubber with several layers of black PVC tape (not supplied). Table 4.6 - Nut Tightening Procedures Nominal Bolt Size Nut Torque Palnut Locknut Torque 1/4 " 50 in./lb. 40 in./lb. 5/16 " 102 in./lb. 60 in./lb. 3/8 " 15 ft./lb. 85 in./lb. 7/16 " 24 ft./lb. 15 ft./lb. 1/2 " 37 ft./lb. 16 ft./lb. 5/8 " 74 ft./lb. 28 ft./lb. 3/4" 175 ft./lb. 44 ft./lb. 7/8 " 212 ft./lb. 51 ft./lb. 1" 318 ft./lb. 59 ft./lb. WL202049 56 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.23 - Adjustable Parabolic Antenna Mount Top View Mast Clamp Kit for 1.9 (48mm) thru 4.5 (114mm) dia. Masts Re-Assemble Mast Clamp Kit as shown for 1.9 (48mm) dia. Masts Saddle Bracket Azimuth Adjustment Slots Side View Rear View (Left Offset)* Elevation Adjustment Slots Rear View (Right Offset)* * To change offset, invert Antenna. WL264001 57 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.24a - Feed Assembly Plane Polarized 1) Assemble 6-32 screws and clamps to feed (4) places. 2) Orient clamps to retracted position. 3) Insert feed through front of reflector. 4) Orient clamps to extended position, rotate feed for proper polarization and tighten clamp screws. Reflector Optional Port location Horizontal Vertical Feed Polarization Rear View of Feed WL265001 58 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Figure 4.24b- Feed Assembly Plane Polarized Re-Assemble Mast Clamp Kit as shown for 1.9 (48mm) dia. Masts Top View 2 3/8” (60mm) dia Mast (2) 1/4” U-Bolt w/ Washer, Lockwashers and Nuts Optional Mast Clamp Kit for 1.9 (48mm) dia. thru 4.5 (114mm) dia. Masts Azimuth Adjustment Slots Rear View Left Offset Side View Rear View Right Offset Elevation adjustment slots WL265002 59 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 4.2.2 Wall Mount Figure 4.25 - Ground Connection TBA 60 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 4.3 RF Cable Install and Seal Figure 4.26 - RF Cable Install and Seal 1 Wrap material around the connector and onto the Coax as shown 2 The Sealing Material will bond to the connector and Coax Cable providing a moisture barrier Connector Seal Material Coax 61 WI291001 Wavenet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 62 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 5.0 Maintenance and Troubleshooting The Link AX contains static sensitive components, and has no user-serviceable parts. 5.1 Link AX Maintenance The Link AX is designed to operate with no scheduled maintenance activities. Wireless Inc. recommends a bi-annual inspection of the following to ensure peak operating performance: a) Verification of RSSI voltage b) Examination of the antenna mount and ensure mounting hardware is secure c) Examination of “siamesed” cable for signs of unusual wear or tear d) Check all connections and verify all are secure e) Verify power supply voltages are within tolerance 5.1.1 RSSI Voltage The Wireless Customer Service department recommends a quarterly check of the Link AX’s RSSI voltage. Variations in the RSSI voltage could be an indicator of antenna or antenna feed movement, loose or improper RF cabling or connectorization, path obstructions or reflections, etc. 63 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 5.2 Where To Get Further Assistance Your primary source of assistance is the support staff of the organization from which you purchased this product. The Wireless, Inc. support staff should only be contacted directly if you purchased this product directly from Wireless, Inc., or if you are unable to obtain sufficient assistance from your primary support contact. General Product and Company Information Wireless, Inc. 5452 Betsy Ross Drive Santa Clara, CA 95454-1101 USA Tel.: +408 727 8383 Fax: +408 727 1259 E-mail: info@wire-less-inc.com Website: www.wire-less-inc.com Detailed Product Information, Sales/Pricing Information and Pre-Sales Technical Support Wireless, Inc. Sales Department 5452 Betsy Ross Drive Santa Clara, CA 95054-1101 USA Tel: +408 727 8383 Fax: +408 727 0990 E-mail: sales@wire-less-inc.com Website: www.wire-less-inc.com Post-Sales Technical Support (Customer Service) To assist you with field issues and, if necessary, to arrange for repair services, Wireless, Inc.'s Customer Service department can be reached via telephone, facsimile, e-mail, mail, or through our Website. 64 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 5.3 Return Procedure All material returned to Wireless, Inc. must be accompanied by a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number from Wireless, Inc.'s Customer Service department. If you purchased your Wireless, Inc. product through a distributor, the Wireless RMA number should be obtained through the distributor. An RMA number is necessary to assure proper tracking and handling of returned material at the factory. Wireless, Inc. reserves the right to refuse shipments not accompanied by an RMA number. Refused shipments will be returned to the shipper via collect freight. To obtain an RMA number, contact Wireless, Inc. as follows: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: +408 727 8383 +408 727 1259 customerservice@wire-less-inc.com The following information will be required to issue an RMA number: • • • • • • • Part Number Serial Number Failure Description Contact person, telephone, and fax numbers Ship-to address Bill-to address* Customer purchase order* (P.O.) or reference number * Required for non-warranty repair services. For non-warranty repair services, an RMA number will be issued when Wireless, Inc. acknowledges the purchase order. Important - All non-U.S. returns must include 5 copies of proforma/customs invoice for each shipment which lists: • RMA number • Value of items • Description of items (including the Wireless model or part number) Please send all returns to: Wireless, Inc. Attn: RMA Department 5452 Betsy Ross Drive Santa Clara, CA 95054-1101 USA RMA No. __________ The customer is responsible to properly label and package repairs and prepay shipping to Wireless, Inc. If possible, the original packaging material should be used to return electronic parts. The RMA number must be visible on the outside of all packages returned. Unless other arrangements have been made, all repairs are shipped back to the customer prepaid via ground carrier. 65 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual 66 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Appendix A Grounding Practices and Lightning Protection Information General Good grounding (“earthing”) practices, when used in telecommunications, have some direct benefits which can help you maximize the up time of your system as well as ensure the safety of those people working on the system. Among these benefits are: 1. 2. 3. 4. Protection of personnel from electric shock and fire hazards. Reduction of radiated and conducted electromagnetic susceptibility. Improved system tolerance to discharge of electrostatic energy and lightning interference. Minimized service interruptions and service damage. There is no practice or formula which can completely eliminate the above risks, but we at Wireless, Inc. believe that good grounding and bonding practices can significantly reduce the risk of many of these hazards. We have included a bibliography at the end of this appendix which contains several publications that are readily available and contain detailed information on many aspects of grounding systems and their design, implementation, measurement, and maintenance. Please note that every telecommunication site is unique, and must be evaluated accordingly. The following information is provided for generic reference and educational purposes only. The grounding plans and practices for a given site should only be established and accomplished by trained professionals, working in accordance with local practices and regulations. Ground Connections There should be a grounding plan designed at the outset of site design in order to provide the best grounding procedures and to minimize ground loop currents. This should be achieved by connecting the outer conductors of the cables through a large section copper strap to a central grounding point and the size of the conductor should be increased as each branch path is added. The final conductor should be connected directly to the grounding system. For a radio site a single copper grounding rod is insufficient because its impedance is likely to be too high. Lightning Protection Radio sites can be particularly prone to lightning strikes by virtue of their normally exposed locations and the presence of relatively tall antenna support structures. It is not possible to provide and guarantee complete protection from the effects of lightning; however, they can be significantly reduced by careful attention to grounding, protection devices, and the layout of the site itself. Reference should also be made to various publications, some of which are listed in the Bibliography. Where any site owner or user is in doubt about the protection requirements for any particular location, the appropriate authority should be consulted. A-1 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Protection Arrangements The purpose of any protection arrangement should be to provide a suitable path to ground for the lightning current, to ensure adequate bonding between structures and all metalwork on the site and the common grounding system in order to reduce the side flashing, and to attempt to prevent the entry of flashes or surges into the building. The resistance to ground should be kept to a minimum and a value of less than 10-ohms is recommended. The most important feature is that the system should ideally be at equal potential across the entire site. Certain authorities and service providers have their own particular practices which have to be followed where applicable. Arrangements will vary considerably from very simple sites to complicated sites with multiple buildings, antenna support structures and associated equipment, and may involve integration with existing systems. Such systems may require upgrading. Lightning conductors Down conductors, bonding interconnections, ground rings and radial tapes should be of uninsulated 000 AWG copper cable or solid copper tape with a minimum cross section of 25 x 3 mm with all connections protected by non reactive paste. Protected test points should be included if appropriate, and sacrificial ground lugs should be clearly marked and easily accessible for periodic inspection. Grounding of antenna support structures A structure will generally act as its own lightning conductor and therefore will not require an additional conductor from the top to the base. A lightning rod may be required to extend the zone of protection to protect equipment mounted on the top of the structure. The lightning rod should extend 2.5-meters above the highest equipment. Ground mounted support structures should be connected at their base to a ground ring via sacrificial ground lugs. Towers should have a connection from each leg. A ground ring should consist of copper cable or solid copper tape with ground rods equally spaced at 2-meter intervals around the base of the structure as close to it as possible, buried approximately 0.6-meters deep where soil conditions allow. An alternative method using radials rather than rings is detailed in “The ‘Grounds’ for Lightning and EMP Protection”, second edition, published by PolyPhaser Corporation. The ground ring should be connected to the main building ground by the most direct route, buried as appropriate. Roof mounted structures should be connected to the main building ground by the most direct route using sacrificial lugs and copper cable or tape as appropriate. Tower guy wires should be directly bonded at their lowest point to a suitable ground electrode or connected to the site ground by the most direct route. A-2 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual Grounding of feeders All antenna feeders should be bonded to the tower at the upper and lower ends and grounded at the point of entry into the building. Weatherproof grounding kits are available from antenna manufacturers. Note: Many of the cables used by Wireless, Inc. have braided rather than solid outer conductors; this type of grounding is not appropriate. In these cases we recommend the use of Wireless, Inc. approved lightning arrestors. For information on lightning arrestors, please contact Wireless, Inc.’s Customer Service department. Grounding of buildings A ground ring ideally should surround the building and be connected to individual grounds associated with feeder entry, antenna support structure, building lightning conductor, equipment room, main AC supply and other facilities. Each connection should be made by the most direct route in order to minimize interaction between the different grounding functions. The ground ring should consist of copper cable or tape with electrodes 2- meters or greater in length, buried to a depth of 0.6-meters and at a distance from the building not to exceed 1-meter. Buildings may require lightning rods where they are not within the zone of another protected structure. Bibliography ITU - T K.40 Protection against LEMP in telecommunications centres ITU - T K.27 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication building ITU - T K.35 Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic sites ITU - T K.39 Risk assessment of damages to telecommunications sites due to lightning discharges ITU - T Lightning Handbook The protection of telecommunication lines and equipment against lightning discharges IEEE Emerald Book - Powering and Grounding The “Grounds” for Lightning and EMP Protection, second edition Published by PolyPhaser Corporation A-3 WaveNet Link AX Installation and Operations Manual A-4
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