ZyXEL Communications MAX306 2.5GHz MIMO Outdoor CPE User Manual MAX 306HW2 Series UG v1 ed1 2009 06 29
ZyXEL Communications Corporation 2.5GHz MIMO Outdoor CPE MAX 306HW2 Series UG v1 ed1 2009 06 29
Contents
- 1. Manual Part 1
- 2. Manual Part 2
Manual Part 1
www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
MAX-306HW2 Series
Models: MAX-306 ODU (2.5 GHz), MAX-316 ODU (3.5 GHz), MAX-306HW2 IDU
Copyright © 2009
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
Firmware Version 3.6
Edition 2, 05/2009
Default Login Details
IP Address: http://192.168.100.1
User Name:admin
Password:1234
WiMAX MIMO Indoor/Outdoor
CPE (2.5GHz & 3.5GHz)
Company Confidential
Company Confidential
About This User's Guide
User’s Guide 3
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure this product using the
web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It
contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet
access.
•Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
•Command Reference Guide
The Command Reference Guide explains how to use the Command-Line
Interface (CLI) and CLI commands to configure the WiMAX Device.
•Support Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
•ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and
product certifications.
User’s Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User’s Guide-related comments, questions or
suggestions for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead.
Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Company Confidential
Document Conventions
User’s Guide
4
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your
WiMAX Device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
•This product may be referred to as the “WiMAX Device”, the “ZyXEL Device”, the
“device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
•Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
•A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example,
[ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
•“Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the
[ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined
choices.
•A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For
example, TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings means you first click Tools in the
navigation panel, then the Logs sub menu and finally the Log Settings tab to
get to that screen.
•Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value.
For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may
denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
•“e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other
words”.
Company Confidential
Document Conventions
User’s Guide 5
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The WiMAX
Device icon is not an exact representation of your WiMAX Device.\
Table 1 Common Icons
Wireless SignalInternet CloudComputer
NotebookServerWiMAX Base Station
TelephoneSwitchRouter
Network Cloud
Company Confidential
Safety Warnings
User’s Guide
6
Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and
instructions.
•Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a
swimming pool.
•Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
•Do NOT store things on the device.
•Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
•Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
•Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel
should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further
information.
•Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
•Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble
over them.
•Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
•Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to
the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in
Europe).
•Do NOT remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always
attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting it to a power outlet.
•Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place
the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
•Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might
cause electrocution.
•If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the
power source.
•Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor
to order a new one.Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the
connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
•Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm
your device.Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger
telecommunication line cord.
•Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements
when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).
•If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water
pipes will be damaged.
Company Confidential
Safety Warnings
User’s Guide 7
•The Power over Ethernet (PoE) device that supplies power must be indoors.
•Do not use the Indoor Unit’s PoE feature to supply power to any other device
other than the Outdoor Unit models specified in this User’s Guide.
•Do not use any PoE device other than the Indoor Unit model specified in this
User’s Guide to supply power to the Outdoor Unit.
•You must maintain a minimum distance of 23 centimeters (9 inches) from the
outdoor unit.
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark.
WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used
electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used
electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately.
Company Confidential
Safety Warnings
User’s Guide
8
Company Confidential
Contents Overview
User’s Guide 9
Contents Overview
Introduction and Wizards ......................................................................................................29
Getting Started ...........................................................................................................................31
Introducing the Web Configurator ..............................................................................................37
Internet Connection Wizard....................................................................................................... 47
VoIP Connection Wizard ............................................................................................................59
Basic Screens ........................................................................................................................65
The Setup Screens ....................................................................................................................67
Advanced Screens .................................................................................................................73
The LAN Configuration Screens ................................................................................................75
The WAN Configuration Screens ...............................................................................................89
The Wi-Fi Configuration Screens ............................................................................................103
The VPN Transport Screens .....................................................................................................113
The NAT Configuration Screens ..............................................................................................125
The System Configuration Screens .........................................................................................135
Voice Screens .......................................................................................................................145
The Service Configuration Screens .........................................................................................147
The Phone Screens .................................................................................................................165
The Phone Book Screens ........................................................................................................175
Tools & Status Screens .......................................................................................................181
The Certificates Screens .........................................................................................................183
The Firewall Screens ...............................................................................................................203
Content Filter ...........................................................................................................................213
The Remote Management Screens .........................................................................................217
The Logs Screens ...................................................................................................................227
The UPnP Screen ....................................................................................................................243
The Status Screen ...................................................................................................................253
Troubleshooting and Specifications ..................................................................................265
Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................267
Product Specifications .............................................................................................................275
Appendices and Index .........................................................................................................277
Company Confidential
Contents Overview
User’s Guide
10
Company Confidential
Table of Contents
User’s Guide 11
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11
List of Figures.........................................................................................................................19
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................25
Part I: Introduction and Wizards...........................................................29
Chapter 1
Getting Started........................................................................................................................31
1.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................31
1.1.1 Wi-Fi Access Point .....................................................................................................32
1.1.2 WiMAX Internet Access .............................................................................................32
1.1.3 Make Calls via Internet Telephony Service Provider ..................................................33
1.2 WiMAX Device Hardware ....................................................................................................34
1.2.1 LEDs ..........................................................................................................................34
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the WiMAX Device ....................................................................35
Chapter 2
Introducing the Web Configurator........................................................................................37
2.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................37
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................37
2.1.2 The Reset Button .......................................................................................................40
2.2 The Main Screen .................................................................................................................40
Chapter 3
Internet Connection Wizard...................................................................................................47
3.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................47
3.1.1 Welcome to the ZyXEL Setup Wizard ........................................................................47
3.1.2 System Information ....................................................................................................48
3.1.3 Wireless LAN .............................................................................................................49
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3.1.4 Authentication Settings ..............................................................................................54
3.1.5 IP Address ..................................................................................................................56
3.1.6 Setup Complete .........................................................................................................58
Chapter 4
VoIP Connection Wizard.........................................................................................................59
4.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................59
4.2 Welcome to the ZyXEL Setup Wizard .................................................................................59
4.2.1 First Voice Account Settings ......................................................................................60
4.2.2 Setup Complete .........................................................................................................63
Part II: Basic Screens............................................................................65
Chapter 5
The Setup Screens..................................................................................................................67
5.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................67
5.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .............................................................................67
5.1.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................67
5.1.3 Before You Begin .......................................................................................................68
5.2 Set IP Address .....................................................................................................................68
5.3 DHCP Client ........................................................................................................................69
5.4 Time Setting .........................................................................................................................70
5.4.1 Pre-Defined NTP Time Servers List ...........................................................................71
5.4.2 Resetting the Time .....................................................................................................72
Part III: Advanced Screens....................................................................73
Chapter 6
The LAN Configuration Screens............................................................................................75
6.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................75
6.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .............................................................................75
6.1.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................75
6.2 DHCP Setup ........................................................................................................................76
6.3 Static DHCP .........................................................................................................................78
6.4 IP Alias ................................................................................................................................79
6.5 IP Static Route .....................................................................................................................81
6.5.1 IP Static Route Setup .................................................................................................82
6.6 Other Settings ......................................................................................................................83
6.7 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................84
6.7.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask .....................................................................................84
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User’s Guide 13
6.7.2 DHCP Setup ...............................................................................................................85
6.7.3 LAN TCP/IP ................................................................................................................85
6.7.4 DNS Server Address ..................................................................................................86
6.7.5 RIP Setup ...................................................................................................................86
6.7.6 Multicast .....................................................................................................................87
Chapter 7
The WAN Configuration Screens...........................................................................................89
7.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................89
7.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .............................................................................89
7.1.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................89
7.2 Internet Connection .............................................................................................................93
7.3 WiMAX Configuration ..........................................................................................................95
7.3.1 Frequency Ranges .....................................................................................................97
7.3.2 Configuring Frequency Settings .................................................................................97
7.3.3 Using the WiMAX Frequency Screen .........................................................................98
7.4 Traffic Redirect ....................................................................................................................99
7.5 Advanced ...........................................................................................................................101
Chapter 8
The Wi-Fi Configuration Screens........................................................................................103
8.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................103
8.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter ...........................................................................103
8.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................103
8.2 General ..............................................................................................................................104
8.3 MAC Filter ..........................................................................................................................109
8.4 Advanced ...........................................................................................................................110
Chapter 9
The VPN Transport Screens.................................................................................................113
9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................113
9.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter ............................................................................114
9.1.2 What You Need to Know ...........................................................................................114
9.1.3 Before You Begin ......................................................................................................115
9.2 General ...............................................................................................................................116
9.3 Customer Interface .............................................................................................................116
9.3.1 Multi-Protocol Label Switching ..................................................................................117
9.3.2 Generic Routing Encapsulation .................................................................................117
9.3.3 Customer Interface Options ......................................................................................118
9.3.4 Customer Interface Setup ........................................................................................120
9.4 Ethernet Pseudowire .........................................................................................................121
9.4.1 Ethernet Pseudowire Setup .....................................................................................123
9.5 Statistics ............................................................................................................................124
Company Confidential
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14
Chapter 10
The NAT Configuration Screens..........................................................................................125
10.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................125
10.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................125
10.2 General ............................................................................................................................125
10.3 Port Forwarding ..............................................................................................................126
10.3.1 Port Forwarding Options ........................................................................................127
10.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule Setup ...................................................................................129
10.4 Trigger Port ......................................................................................................................130
10.4.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example ..........................................................................131
10.5 ALG .................................................................................................................................132
Chapter 11
The System Configuration Screens....................................................................................135
11.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................135
11.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................135
11.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................135
11.2 General ...........................................................................................................................137
11.3 Dynamic DNS ..................................................................................................................138
11.4 Firmware ..........................................................................................................................140
11.4.1 The Firmware Upload Process ...............................................................................141
11.5 Configuration ....................................................................................................................142
11.5.1 The Restore Configuration Process .......................................................................143
11.6 Restart .............................................................................................................................143
11.6.1 The Restart Process ...............................................................................................144
Part IV: Voice Screens.........................................................................145
Chapter 12
The Service Configuration Screens....................................................................................147
12.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................147
12.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................147
12.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................147
12.1.3 Before you Begin ....................................................................................................149
12.2 SIP Settings .....................................................................................................................149
12.2.1 Advanced SIP Settings ..........................................................................................151
12.3 QoS .................................................................................................................................158
12.4 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................159
12.4.1 SIP Call Progression ..............................................................................................159
12.4.2 SIP Client Server ....................................................................................................160
12.4.3 SIP User Agent ......................................................................................................160
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User’s Guide 15
12.4.4 SIP Proxy Server ....................................................................................................160
12.4.5 SIP Redirect Server ...............................................................................................161
12.4.6 NAT and SIP ..........................................................................................................162
12.4.7 DiffServ ..................................................................................................................162
12.4.8 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior .................................................................................163
Chapter 13
The Phone Screens...............................................................................................................165
13.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................165
13.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................165
13.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................165
13.2 Analog Phone ..................................................................................................................166
13.2.1 Advanced Analog Phone Setup .............................................................................168
13.3 Common ..........................................................................................................................169
13.4 Region .............................................................................................................................170
13.5 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................170
13.5.1 The Flash Key ........................................................................................................170
13.5.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services .......................................................171
13.5.3 USA Type Supplementary Services .......................................................................173
Chapter 14
The Phone Book Screens.....................................................................................................175
14.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................175
14.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................175
14.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................175
14.2 Incoming Call Policy ........................................................................................................176
14.3 Speed Dial .......................................................................................................................178
Part V: Tools & Status Screens...........................................................181
Chapter 15
The Certificates Screens......................................................................................................183
15.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................183
15.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................183
15.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................183
15.2 My Certificates .................................................................................................................184
15.2.1 My Certificates Create ............................................................................................186
15.2.2 My Certificate Edit ..................................................................................................189
15.2.3 My Certificate Import ..............................................................................................192
15.3 Trusted CAs .....................................................................................................................193
15.3.1 Trusted CA Edit ......................................................................................................195
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16
15.3.2 Trusted CA Import ..................................................................................................197
15.4 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................198
15.4.1 Certificate Authorities .............................................................................................198
15.4.2 Verifying a Certificate .............................................................................................200
Chapter 16
The Firewall Screens............................................................................................................203
16.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................203
16.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................203
16.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................203
16.2 Firewall Setting ................................................................................................................204
16.2.1 Firewall Rule Directions .........................................................................................204
16.2.2 Triangle Route ........................................................................................................205
16.2.3 Firewall Setting Options .........................................................................................206
16.3 Service Setting ................................................................................................................207
16.4 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................208
16.4.1 Stateful Inspection Firewall. ...................................................................................208
16.4.2 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall ..........................................209
16.4.3 The “Triangle Route” Problem ................................................................................209
Chapter 17
Content Filter.........................................................................................................................213
17.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................213
17.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................213
17.2 Filter .................................................................................................................................214
17.3 Schedule ..........................................................................................................................216
Chapter 18
The Remote Management Screens.....................................................................................217
18.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................217
18.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................217
18.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................218
18.2 WWW ..............................................................................................................................219
18.3 Telnet ...............................................................................................................................220
18.4 FTP ..................................................................................................................................220
18.5 SNMP ..............................................................................................................................221
18.5.1 SNMP Traps ...........................................................................................................222
18.5.2 SNMP Options .......................................................................................................223
18.6 DNS .................................................................................................................................224
18.7 Security ............................................................................................................................225
Chapter 19
The Logs Screens.................................................................................................................227
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User’s Guide 17
19.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................227
19.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................227
19.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................227
19.2 View Logs ........................................................................................................................229
19.3 Log Settings .....................................................................................................................231
19.4 Log Message Descriptions ..............................................................................................233
Chapter 20
The UPnP Screen..................................................................................................................243
20.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................243
20.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................243
20.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................243
20.2 UPnP ...............................................................................................................................244
20.3 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................245
20.3.1 Installing UPnP in Windows XP .............................................................................245
20.3.2 Web Configurator Easy Access .............................................................................249
Chapter 21
The Status Screen.................................................................................................................253
21.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................253
21.2 Status Screen ..................................................................................................................253
21.2.1 Packet Statistics .....................................................................................................258
21.2.2 WiMAX Site Information .........................................................................................259
21.2.3 DHCP Table ...........................................................................................................260
21.2.4 VoIP Statistics ........................................................................................................261
21.2.5 WiMAX Profile ........................................................................................................263
Part VI: Troubleshooting and Specifications....................................265
Chapter 22
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................267
22.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ......................................................................267
22.2 WiMAX Device Access and Login ...................................................................................268
22.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................270
22.4 Phone Calls and VoIP ......................................................................................................272
22.5 Reset the WiMAX Device to Its Factory Defaults ............................................................273
22.5.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ...........................................273
Chapter 23
Product Specifications.........................................................................................................275
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Table of Contents
User’s Guide
18
Part VII: Appendices and Index..........................................................277
Appendix A WiMAX Security................................................................................................279
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address...........................................................283
Appendix C Wireless LANs..................................................................................................311
Appendix D Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions......................................327
Appendix E IP Addresses and Subnetting...........................................................................337
Appendix F Importing Certificates........................................................................................349
Appendix G SIP Passthrough...............................................................................................381
Appendix H Common Services............................................................................................383
Appendix I Legal Information................................................................................................387
Appendix J Customer Support.............................................................................................391
Index.......................................................................................................................................399
Company Confidential
List of Figures
User’s Guide 19
List of Figures
Figure 1 The IDU/ODU Setup .................................................................................................................31
Figure 2 WiFi Access Point ....................................................................................................................32
Figure 3 WiMAX Device and Base Station .............................................................................................32
Figure 4 WiMAX Device’s VoIP Features - Peer-to-Peer Calls ..............................................................33
Figure 5 WiMAX Device’s VoIP Features - Calls via VoIP Service Provider ..........................................33
Figure 6 The WiMAX Device’s LEDs ......................................................................................................34
Figure 7 Main Screen .............................................................................................................................43
Figure 8 Select a Mode ..........................................................................................................................47
Figure 9 Internet Connection Wizard > System Information ...................................................................48
Figure 10 Internet Connection Wizard > Wireless LAN Screen ..............................................................49
Figure 11 Internet Connection Wizard > Basic (WEP) Screen ...............................................................51
Figure 12 Internet Connection Wizard > Extended (WPA-PSK) Screen ................................................53
Figure 13 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings Screen ...............................................54
Figure 14 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address ..............................................................................56
Figure 15 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address Assignment ..........................................................57
Figure 16 Select a Mode ........................................................................................................................59
Figure 17 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account Settings ....................................................................60
Figure 18 VoIP Connection > SIP Registration Test ...............................................................................61
Figure 19 VoIP Connection > SIP Registration Fail ................................................................................62
Figure 20 VoIP Connection > Finish ......................................................................................................63
Figure 21 SETUP > Set IP Address .......................................................................................................68
Figure 22 SETUP > DHCP Client ...........................................................................................................69
Figure 23 SETUP > Time Setting ...........................................................................................................70
Figure 24 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup .................................................................76
Figure 25 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP ..................................................................78
Figure 26 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration> IP Alias ...........................................................................79
Figure 27 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route ...................................................................81
Figure 28 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route Setup .........................................................82
Figure 29 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Advanced ......................................................................83
Figure 30 WiMax: Mobile Station ............................................................................................................90
Figure 31 WiMAX: Multiple Mobile Stations ............................................................................................90
Figure 32 Using an AAA Server .............................................................................................................91
Figure 33 Traffic Redirect WAN Setup ....................................................................................................91
Figure 34 Traffic Redirect LAN Setup .....................................................................................................92
Figure 35 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection .....................................................93
Figure 36 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration ................................................96
Figure 37 Frequency Ranges .................................................................................................................97
Figure 38 Completing the WiMAX Frequency Screen ............................................................................99
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List of Figures
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20
Figure 39 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Traffic Redirect .............................................................99
Figure 40 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced ..............................................................101
Figure 41 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General ......................................................................104
Figure 42 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > WPA/WPA2 Optionsl ..................................................106
Figure 43 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Optionsl .................................107
Figure 44 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration ..............................................109
Figure 45 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Traffic Redirect ............................................................110
Figure 46 VPN Transport Example ........................................................................................................113
Figure 47 Identifying Users ....................................................................................................................115
Figure 48 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > General ..............................................................................116
Figure 49 Pseudowire Mapping .............................................................................................................117
Figure 50 VPLS Tunneling .....................................................................................................................118
Figure 51 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface ............................................................118
Figure 52 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface Setup ............................................120
Figure 53 Ethernet Pseudowire Settings Example ..............................................................................121
Figure 54 Advance > VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire ..............................................................121
Figure 55 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire Setup ............................................123
Figure 56 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Statistics ............................................................................124
Figure 57 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General .......................................................................125
Figure 58 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example ................................................................................127
Figure 59 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding ...........................................................127
Figure 60 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding > Rule Setup .....................................129
Figure 61 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port .................................................................130
Figure 62 Trigger Port Forwarding Example .........................................................................................131
Figure 63 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALG .............................................................................133
Figure 64 ADVANCED > System Configuration > General ..................................................................137
Figure 65 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS .........................................................139
Figure 66 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware ................................................................140
Figure 67 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Configuration ..........................................................142
Figure 68 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Restart ....................................................................143
Figure 69 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting ......................................................................149
Figure 70 STUN ....................................................................................................................................151
Figure 71 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced ................................................153
Figure 72 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS ................................................................................158
Figure 73 SIP User Agent .....................................................................................................................160
Figure 74 SIP Proxy Server ..................................................................................................................161
Figure 75 SIP Redirect Server ..............................................................................................................162
Figure 76 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field ....................................................................................163
Figure 77 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone .........................................................................................166
Figure 78 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced .....................................................................168
Figure 79 VOICE > Phone > Common .................................................................................................169
Figure 80 VOICE > Phone > Region ....................................................................................................170
Figure 81 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy ......................................................................176
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List of Figures
User’s Guide 21
Figure 82 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed Dial .....................................................................................178
Figure 83 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates ............................................................................184
Figure 84 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Create ................................................................186
Figure 85 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Edit ....................................................................189
Figure 86 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Import .................................................................192
Figure 87 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs ...................................................................................193
Figure 88 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit ......................................................................195
Figure 89 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Import .....................................................................198
Figure 90 Remote Host Certificates .....................................................................................................201
Figure 91 Certificate Details ................................................................................................................201
Figure 92 Firewall Rule Directions ........................................................................................................204
Figure 93 Ideal Firewall Setup ..............................................................................................................205
Figure 94 TOOLS > Firewall > Firewall Setting ....................................................................................206
Figure 95 TOOLS > Firewall > Service Setting ....................................................................................207
Figure 96 “Triangle Route” Problem .....................................................................................................210
Figure 97 IP Alias ..................................................................................................................................211
Figure 98 TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter ...........................................................................................214
Figure 99 TOOLS > Content Filter > Schedule ....................................................................................216
Figure 100 TOOLS > Remote Management > WWW ..........................................................................219
Figure 101 TOOLS > Remote Management > Telnet ...........................................................................220
Figure 102 TOOLS > Remote Management > FTP ..............................................................................220
Figure 103 SNMP Management Model ................................................................................................221
Figure 104 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP ..........................................................................223
Figure 105 TOOLS > Remote Management > DNS .............................................................................224
Figure 106 TOOLS > Remote Management > Security .......................................................................225
Figure 107 TOOLS > Logs > View Logs ...............................................................................................229
Figure 108 TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings ...........................................................................................231
Figure 109 TOOLS > UPnP ..................................................................................................................244
Figure 110 Network Connections .........................................................................................................245
Figure 111 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard ..........................................................246
Figure 112 Networking Services ...........................................................................................................246
Figure 113 Network Connections .........................................................................................................247
Figure 114 Internet Connection Properties ..........................................................................................247
Figure 115 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings ...........................................................248
Figure 116 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add ..................................................248
Figure 117 System Tray Icon ................................................................................................................248
Figure 118 Internet Connection Status .................................................................................................249
Figure 119 Network Connections .........................................................................................................250
Figure 120 Network Connections: My Network Places ........................................................................250
Figure 121 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example ......................................251
Figure 122 Status .................................................................................................................................253
Figure 123 Packet Statistics .................................................................................................................258
Figure 124 WiMAX Site Information ....................................................................................................259
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Figure 125 DHCP Table ........................................................................................................................260
Figure 126 VoIP Statistics .....................................................................................................................261
Figure 127 WiMAX Profile ...................................................................................................................263
Figure 128 Windows XP: Start Menu ....................................................................................................284
Figure 129 Windows XP: Control Panel ...............................................................................................284
Figure 130 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties ....................................285
Figure 131 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ...............................................................285
Figure 132 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties ..........................................................286
Figure 133 Windows Vista: Start Menu .................................................................................................287
Figure 134 Windows Vista: Control Panel ............................................................................................287
Figure 135 Windows Vista: Network And Internet ................................................................................287
Figure 136 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center .....................................................................288
Figure 137 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center .....................................................................288
Figure 138 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties ............................................................289
Figure 139 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties ...................................290
Figure 140 Mac OS X 10.4: Apple Menu ..............................................................................................291
Figure 141 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences .................................................................................291
Figure 142 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences ...............................................................................292
Figure 143 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab. ........................................................292
Figure 144 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet ..............................................................293
Figure 145 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility ..........................................................................................294
Figure 146 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu ..............................................................................................295
Figure 147 Mac OS X 10.5: Systems Preferences ...............................................................................295
Figure 148 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet ..............................................................296
Figure 149 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet ..............................................................297
Figure 150 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility ..........................................................................................298
Figure 151 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu ..........................................................................299
Figure 152 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections ........................................................................299
Figure 153 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication ................................................................300
Figure 154 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections ........................................................................300
Figure 155 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Properties ...........................................................................301
Figure 156 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS ...................................................................................302
Figure 157 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools ....................................................................................................303
Figure 158 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu .....................................................................304
Figure 159 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu .....................................................................305
Figure 160 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center ..............................................................................305
Figure 161 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings ....................................................................................306
Figure 162 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup ...............................................................................307
Figure 163 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings ....................................................................................308
Figure 164 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager .................................................................................309
Figure 165 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager ........................................................309
Figure 166 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network ..........................................................311
Figure 167 Basic Service Set ...............................................................................................................312
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Figure 168 Infrastructure WLAN ...........................................................................................................313
Figure 169 RTS/CTS ...........................................................................................................................314
Figure 170 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example .......................................................................323
Figure 171 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication ...............................................................................................324
Figure 172 Pop-up Blocker ...................................................................................................................327
Figure 173 Internet Options: Privacy ....................................................................................................328
Figure 174 Internet Options: Privacy ....................................................................................................329
Figure 175 Pop-up Blocker Settings .....................................................................................................330
Figure 176 Internet Options: Security ...................................................................................................331
Figure 177 Security Settings - Java Scripting .......................................................................................332
Figure 178 Security Settings - Java ......................................................................................................333
Figure 179 Java (Sun) ..........................................................................................................................334
Figure 180 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options ......................................................................................334
Figure 181 Mozilla Firefox Content Security .........................................................................................335
Figure 182 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................338
Figure 183 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................341
Figure 184 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ...............................................................................342
Figure 185 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example ....................................................................347
Figure 186 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example ....................................................................347
Figure 187 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example ..................................................348
Figure 188 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error ................................................................................350
Figure 189 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error ................................................................................350
Figure 190 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Error ...................................................................................351
Figure 191 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate ............................................................................................351
Figure 192 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................352
Figure 193 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................352
Figure 194 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................353
Figure 195 Internet Explorer 7: Select Certificate Store .......................................................................353
Figure 196 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................354
Figure 197 Internet Explorer 7: Security Warning .................................................................................354
Figure 198 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................355
Figure 199 Internet Explorer 7: Website Identification ..........................................................................355
Figure 200 Internet Explorer 7: Public Key Certificate File ...................................................................356
Figure 201 Internet Explorer 7: Open File - Security Warning ..............................................................356
Figure 202 Internet Explorer 7: Tools Menu .........................................................................................357
Figure 203 Internet Explorer 7: Internet Options ..................................................................................357
Figure 204 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates ..........................................................................................358
Figure 205 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates ..........................................................................................358
Figure 206 Internet Explorer 7: Root Certificate Store ..........................................................................358
Figure 207 Firefox 2: Website Certified by an Unknown Authority .......................................................360
Figure 208 Firefox 2: Page Info ............................................................................................................361
Figure 209 Firefox 2: Tools Menu .........................................................................................................362
Figure 210 Firefox 2: Options ...............................................................................................................362
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Figure 211 Firefox 2: Certificate Manager ...........................................................................................363
Figure 212 Firefox 2: Select File ..........................................................................................................363
Figure 213 Firefox 2: Tools Menu .........................................................................................................364
Figure 214 Firefox 2: Options ...............................................................................................................364
Figure 215 Firefox 2: Certificate Manager ...........................................................................................365
Figure 216 Firefox 2: Delete Web Site Certificates ..............................................................................365
Figure 217 Opera 9: Certificate signer not found .................................................................................366
Figure 218 Opera 9: Security information .............................................................................................367
Figure 219 Opera 9: Tools Menu ..........................................................................................................368
Figure 220 Opera 9: Preferences .........................................................................................................369
Figure 221 Opera 9: Certificate manager ............................................................................................370
Figure 222 Opera 9: Import certificate .................................................................................................370
Figure 223 Opera 9: Install authority certificate ...................................................................................371
Figure 224 Opera 9: Install authority certificate ...................................................................................371
Figure 225 Opera 9: Tools Menu ..........................................................................................................372
Figure 226 Opera 9: Preferences .........................................................................................................372
Figure 227 Opera 9: Certificate manager ............................................................................................373
Figure 228 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication ................................................................................374
Figure 229 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication ................................................................................374
Figure 230 Konqueror 3.5: KDE SSL Information ................................................................................375
Figure 231 Konqueror 3.5: Public Key Certificate File ..........................................................................376
Figure 232 Konqueror 3.5: Certificate Import Result ............................................................................376
Figure 233 Konqueror 3.5: Kleopatra ...................................................................................................376
Figure 234 Konqueror 3.5: Settings Menu ............................................................................................378
Figure 235 Konqueror 3.5: Configure ...................................................................................................378
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List of Tables
Table 1 Common Icons ............................................................................................................................5
Table 2 The WiMAX Device ...................................................................................................................34
Table 3 Main > Icons .............................................................................................................................40
Table 4 Main ..........................................................................................................................................42
Table 5 Main > Icons .............................................................................................................................43
Table 6 Main ..........................................................................................................................................44
Table 7 Internet Connection Wizard > System Information ...................................................................48
Table 8 Internet Connection Wizard > Wireless LAN Screen ................................................................49
Table 9 Internet Connection Wizard > Basic (WEP) Screen ..................................................................52
Table 10 Internet Connection Wizard > Extended (WPA-PSK) Screen .................................................53
Table 11 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings Screen ...............................................54
Table 12 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address ...............................................................................56
Table 13 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address ...............................................................................58
Table 14 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account Settings ....................................................................60
Table 15 SETUP > Set IP Address ........................................................................................................69
Table 16 SETUP > Set IP Address ........................................................................................................69
Table 17 SETUP > DHCP Client ............................................................................................................70
Table 18 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers ...............................................................................................71
Table 19 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup ..................................................................77
Table 20 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP ...................................................................78
Table 21 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration> IP Alias ...........................................................................79
Table 22 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route ....................................................................81
Table 23 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route ....................................................................81
Table 24 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route > Edit .............................................................82
Table 25 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Other Settings ................................................................83
Table 26 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection > ISP Parameters for Internet Access
93
Table 27 Radio Frequency Conversion .................................................................................................96
Table 28 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration ....................................................96
Table 29 DL Frequency Example Settings ............................................................................................98
Table 30 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Traffic Redirect ...........................................................100
Table 31 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced ...................................................................101
Table 32 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General ......................................................................104
Table 33 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General ......................................................................107
Table 34 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General ......................................................................108
Table 35 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration ..................................................109
Table 36 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > Advanced ....................................................................110
Table 37 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > General ...............................................................................116
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Table 38 Advanced> VPN Transport > Customer Interface ..................................................................119
Table 39 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface .............................................................119
Table 40 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface Setup .................................................120
Table 41 Advanced> VPN Transport > Customer Interface .................................................................122
Table 42 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire .........................................................122
Table 43 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire Setup ...............................................123
Table 44 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Statistics ............................................................................124
Table 45 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General ........................................................................126
Table 46 Advanced> VPN Transport > Customer Interface .................................................................128
Table 47 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding ...........................................................128
Table 48 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding > Rule Setup .....................................129
Table 49 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port ..................................................................130
Table 50 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALG ..............................................................................133
Table 51 ADVANCED > System Configuration > General ...................................................................137
Table 52 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS .........................................................139
Table 53 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware .................................................................141
Table 54 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Configuration ..........................................................142
Table 55 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware .................................................................143
Table 56 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting ......................................................................150
Table 57 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced ................................................153
Table 58 Custom Tones Details ...........................................................................................................156
Table 59 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS .................................................................................158
Table 60 SIP Call Progression .............................................................................................................159
Table 61 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone ..........................................................................................167
Table 62 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced ......................................................................168
Table 63 VOICE > Phone > Common ..................................................................................................169
Table 64 VOICE > Phone > Region .....................................................................................................170
Table 65 European Type Flash Key Commands .................................................................................171
Table 66 USA Type Flash Key Commands .........................................................................................173
Table 67 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy .......................................................................176
Table 68 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route ..................................................................178
Table 69 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed Dial ......................................................................................179
Table 70 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates ................................................................................184
Table 71 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates ................................................................................184
Table 72 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Create .................................................................187
Table 73 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Edit ......................................................................190
Table 74 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Import ..................................................................192
Table 75 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs ....................................................................................193
Table 76 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs ....................................................................................193
Table 77 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit ..........................................................................195
Table 78 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs Import .........................................................................198
Table 79 TOOLS > Firewall > Firewall Setting .....................................................................................206
Table 80 TOOLS > Firewall > Service Setting .....................................................................................207
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Table 81 TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter ............................................................................................215
Table 82 TOOLS > Content Filter > Schedule .....................................................................................216
Table 83 Remote Management ...........................................................................................................217
Table 84 TOOLS > Remote Management > WWW .............................................................................219
Table 85 TOOLS > Remote Management > Telnet .............................................................................220
Table 86 TOOLS > Remote Management > FTP ................................................................................221
Table 87 SNMP Traps ..........................................................................................................................222
Table 88 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP .............................................................................223
Table 89 TOOLS > Remote Management > DNS ...............................................................................224
Table 90 TOOLS > Remote Management > Security ..........................................................................225
Table 91 Syslog Logs ..........................................................................................................................228
Table 92 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types ......................................................................................228
Table 93 TOOLS > Logs > View Logs .................................................................................................229
Table 94 TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings ..............................................................................................231
Table 95 System Error Logs ................................................................................................................233
Table 96 System Maintenance Logs ....................................................................................................233
Table 97 Access Control Logs .............................................................................................................234
Table 98 TCP Reset Logs ....................................................................................................................234
Table 99 Packet Filter Logs .................................................................................................................235
Table 100 ICMP Logs ..........................................................................................................................235
Table 101 PPP Logs ............................................................................................................................236
Table 102 UPnP Logs ..........................................................................................................................236
Table 103 Content Filtering Logs .........................................................................................................236
Table 104 Attack Logs .........................................................................................................................237
Table 105 Remote Management Logs .................................................................................................238
Table 106 ICMP Notes .........................................................................................................................239
Table 107 SIP Logs .............................................................................................................................240
Table 108 RTP Logs ............................................................................................................................240
Table 109 FSM Logs: Caller Side ........................................................................................................240
Table 110 FSM Logs: Callee Side .......................................................................................................240
Table 111 Lifeline Logs ........................................................................................................................241
Table 112 TOOLS > UPnP ...................................................................................................................245
Table 113 Status ..................................................................................................................................254
Table 114 Packet Statistics ..................................................................................................................258
Table 115 WiMAX Site Information ......................................................................................................259
Table 116 DHCP Table ........................................................................................................................260
Table 117 VoIP Statistics .....................................................................................................................261
Table 118 The WiMAX Profile Screen .................................................................................................263
Table 119 IDU Hardware Specifications ..............................................................................................275
Table 120 Indoor Wireless LAN Specification ......................................................................................275
Table 121 ODU Hardware Specifications ............................................................................................276
Table 122 Outdoor Wireless LAN Specification ...................................................................................276
Table 123 IEEE 802.11g ......................................................................................................................316
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Table 124 Wireless Security Levels .....................................................................................................316
Table 125 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types ..........................................................................320
Table 126 Wireless Security Relational Matrix ....................................................................................324
Table 127 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ...........................................................338
Table 128 Subnet Masks .....................................................................................................................339
Table 129 Maximum Host Numbers ....................................................................................................339
Table 130 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation .......................................................................................340
Table 131 Subnet 1 ..............................................................................................................................343
Table 132 Subnet 2 ..............................................................................................................................343
Table 133 Subnet 3 ..............................................................................................................................343
Table 134 Subnet 4 ..............................................................................................................................343
Table 135 Eight Subnets ......................................................................................................................344
Table 136 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................344
Table 137 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................345
Table 138 Commonly Used Services ...................................................................................................383
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PART I
Introduction and
Wizards
Getting Started (31)
Introducing the Web Configurator (37)
Internet Connection Wizard (47)
VoIP Connection Wizard (59)
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CHAPTER 1
Getting Started
1.1 Overview
This product is a WiMAX subscriber station system comprised of an outdoor unit
(ODU) and an indoor unit (IDU). The ODU connects to the WiMAX network while
the IDU is the management point between the WiMAX network (via the ODU) and
your computer/local area network. The IDU can also function as a Wi-Fi access
point to the WiMAX network.
Note: This User’s Guide is concerned strictly with the IDU, hereafter referred to as the
“WiMAX Device”. In the following figures both the IDU and ODU may be shown,
but all configuration options are for the IDU alone.
Figure 1 The IDU/ODU Setup
With this product, you can:
•Connecting wirelessly to the Internet via WiMAX.
•Use a traditional analog telephone to make Internet calls using the WiMAX
Device’s Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities.
•Set up an IEEE 802.11g wireless network (WLAN) using the WiMAX Device as an
access point for the computers on your network.
•Configure firewall, content filtering and other features using the built-in
browser-based Web Configurator.
See Chapter 23 on page 275 for a complete list of features for your model.
Wi-Fi
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1.1.1 Wi-Fi Access Point
Activate the WiMAX Device’s built-in IEEE 802.11g (also known as ‘Wi-Fi’ or
‘WLAN’) feature to allow it to function as a wireless Access Point (AP).
The illustration below shows a group of notebook computers connecting wirelessly
to the WiMAX Device and then to the Internet through a WiMAX base station (BS).
Figure 2 WiFi Access Point
1.1.2 WiMAX Internet Access
Connect your computer or network directly to the WiMAX Device for WiMAX
Internet access. In a wireless metropolitan area network (MAN), the WiMAX
Device connects to a nearby WiMAX base station (BS) for Internet access.
The following diagram shows a notebook computer equipped with the WiMAX
Device connecting to the Internet through a WiMAX base station (BS).
Figure 3 WiMAX Device and Base Station
When the firewall is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is
blocked unless it is initiated from your network.
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
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Use content filtering to block access to web sites with URLs containing keywords
that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content
filtering is enabled and include or exclude particular computers on your network
from content filtering
1.1.3 Make Calls via Internet Telephony Service Provider
In a home or small office environment, you can use the WiMAX Device to make
and receive the following types of VoIP telephone calls:
•Peer-to-Peer calls - Use the WiMAX Device to make a call directly to the
recipient’s IP address without using a SIP proxy server.
Figure 4 WiMAX Device’s VoIP Features - Peer-to-Peer Calls
•Calls via a VoIP service provider - The WiMAX Device sends your call to a VoIP
service provider’s SIP server which forwards your calls to either VoIP or PSTN
phones.
Figure 5 WiMAX Device’s VoIP Features - Calls via VoIP Service Provider
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1.2 WiMAX Device Hardware
Follow the instructions in the Quick Start Guideto make hardware connections.
1.2.1 LEDs
The following figure shows the LEDs (lights) on the WiMAX Device.
Figure 6 The WiMAX Device’s LEDs
The following table describes your WiMAX Device’s LEDs (from right to left).
Table 2 The WiMAX Device
LED STATE DESCRIPTION
PWROffThe WiMAX Device is not receiving power.
RedThe WiMAX Device is receiving power but has been
unable to start up correctly or is not receiving
enough power. See the Troubleshooting section for
more information.
Solid GreenThe WiMAX Device is receiving power and
functioning correctly.
Blinking GreenThe WiMAX Device is performing a self-test.
LAN 1~4OffThe LAN is not connected.
GreenThe WiMAX Device has a successful Local Area
Network (Ethernet) connection.
Blinking GreenThe WiMAX Device is the process of transmitting
and receiving data.
VoIP 1~2OffNo SIP account is registered, or the WiMAX Device
is not receiving power.
GreenA SIP account is registered.
Blinking GreenA SIP account is registered, and the phone attached
to the LINE port is in use (off the hook).
OrangeA SIP account is registered and has a voice
message on the SIP server.
Blinking OrangeA SIP account is registered and has a voice
message on the SIP server, and the phone attached
to the LINE port is in use (off the hook).
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1.3 Good Habits for Managing the WiMAX Device
Do the following things regularly to make the WiMAX Device more secure and to
manage the WiMAX Device more effectively.
•Change your passwords regularly. Use passwords that are not easy to guess
and that consist of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
•Write down your passwords but be sure to put them in a safe, secure place.
Never store them in proximity to your computer or WiMAX Device.
•Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it).
Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the WiMAX Device
becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to
reset the WiMAX Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an
earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the WiMAX
Device. You could simply restore your last configuration.
PoEOffThe Power over Ethernet (PoE) link is not
functioning.
GreenThe PoE link is functioning correctly
Blinking GreenThe WiMAX Device is trasmitting and receiving data
over the PoE link.
WLANOffThe Wi-Fi network is not operational.
GreenThe Wi-Fi network is operational.
Blinking GreenThe WiMAX Device is sending and receiving data
across the Wi-Fi network.
LINKGreenThe WiMAX service set ID is registered and
operational.
Slow Blinking
Green The WiMAX Device is currently searching for a
channel (approximate blink is speed 1 second per).
Fast Blinking GreenThe WiMAX Device is currently the process of
joining a WiMAX network (approximate blink speed
is 0.5 second per).
SIGNAL 1~3The Signal LEDs display the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of
the wireless (WiMAX) connection.
No Signal LEDSThere is no WiMAX connection.
Signal 1 OnThe signal strength is less than or equal to -90 dBm
Signal 2 OnThe signal strength is less than or equal to -80 dBm
Signal 3 OnThe signal strength is less than or equal to -70 dBm
Table 2 The WiMAX Device
LED STATE DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 2
Introducing the Web
Configurator
2.1 Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy
device set up and management via any web browser that supports: HTML 4.0,
CSS 2.0, and JavaScript 1.5, and higher. The recommended screen resolution for
using the web configurator is 1024 by 768 pixels and 16-bit color, or higher.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
•Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is
enabled by default in many operating systems and web browsers.
•JavaScript (enabled by default in most web browsers).
•Java permissions (enabled by default in most web browsers).
See the Appendix D on page 327 for more information on configuring your web
browser.
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
1Make sure your WiMAX Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick
Start Guide for more information).
2Launch your web browser.
3Enter "192.168.1.1" as the URL.
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4A password screen displays. The default password (“1234”) displays in non-
readable characters. If you haven’t changed the password yet, you can just click
Login. Click Cancel to revert to the default password in the password field. If you
have changed the password, enter your password and click Login.
5The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is
highly recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password,
retype it to confirm and click Apply; alternatively click Ignore to proceed to the
main menu if you do not want to change the password now.
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6Click Apply in the next screen to create a certificate using your WiMAX Device’s
MAC address which is specific to this device. This certificate is used for
authentication when using a secure HTTPS connection over the Internet.
7A screen displays to let you choose whether to go to the wizard or the advanced
screens.
•Click Go to Wizard setup if you are logging in for the first time or if you
want to make basic changes. The wizard selection screen appears after you
click Apply. See Chapter 3 on page 47 for more information.
•Click Go to Advanced setup if you want to configure features that are not
available in the wizards. The main screen appears after you click Apply.
See Section 3 on page 40 for more information.
•Click Exit if you want to log out.
Note: For security reasons, the WiMAX Device automatically logs you out if you do
not use the web configurator for five minutes. If this happens, simply log in
again.
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2.1.2 The Reset Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need
to use the Reset button to reload the factory-default configuration file. This
means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the
password will be reset to “1234”.
2.1.2.1 Using The Reset Button
1Make sure the Power light is on (not blinking).
2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the Reset button for
ten seconds or until the Power light begins to blink and then release it. When the
Power light begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device
restarts.
3Reconfigure the WiMAX Device following the steps in your Quick Start Guide.
2.2 The Main Screen
When you first log into the web configurator, the Main screen appears. Here you
can view a concise summary of your WiMAX Device connection status. This is also
the default “home” page for the ZyXEL web configurator and it contains
conveniently-placed shortcuts to all of the other screens.
Note: Some features in the web configurator may not be available depending on your
firmware version and/or configuration.
Table 3 Main > Icons
ICON DESCRIPTION
MAIN
Click to return to the Main screen.
SETUP
Click to go the Setup screen, where you can configure LAN,
DHCP and WAN settings.
ADVANCED
Click to go to the Advanced screen, where you can configure
features like Port Forwarding and Triggering, SNTP and so on.
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VOICE
Click to go to the Voice screen, where you can configure your
voice service and phone settings.
TOOLS
Click to go the Tools screen, where you can configure your
firewall, QoS, and content filter, among other things.
STATUS
Click to go to the Status screen, where you can view status and
statistical information for all connections and interfaces.
Strength Indicator
Displays a visual representation of the quality of your WiMAX
connection.
•Disconnected - Zero bars
•Poor reception - One bar
•Good reception - Two bars
•Excellent reception - Three bars
Table 3 Main > Icons (continued)
ICON DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 4 Main
LABEL DESCRIPTION
HelpClick to open the web configurator’s online help.
WizardClick to run the Internet Connection and VoIP Connection Setup
Wizard. All of the settings that you can configure in this wizard
are also available in these web configurator screens.
LogoutClick to log out of the web configurator.
Note: This does not log you off the WiMAX network, it simply
logs you out of the WiMAX Device’s browser-based
configuration interface.
WiMAX Connection
Status This field indicates the current status of your WiMAX connection.
Status messages are as follows:
•Connected - Indicates that the WiMAX Device is connected
to the WiMAX network. Use the Strength Indicator icon to
determine the quality of your network connection.
•Disconnected - Indicates that the WiMAX Device is not
connected to the WiMAX network.
•DL_SYN - Indicates a download synchronization is in
progress. This means the firmware is checking with the
server for any updates or settings alterations.
Software VersionThis field indicates the version number of the WiMAX Device’s
firmware. The version number takes the form of:
Version(Build),release status (candidate) | Version Release
Date.
For example: V3.60(BCC.0)c4 | 07/08/2008 indicates that the
firmware is 3.60, build BCC.0, candidate4, released on July 08,
2008.
Version DateThis field indicates the exact date and time the current firmware
was compiled.
System UptimeThis field indicates how long the WiMAX Device has been on.
This resets every time you shut the device down or restart it.
WiMAX UptimeThis field indicates how long the WiMAX Device has been
connected to the WiMAX network. This resets every time you
disconnect from the WiMAX network, shut the device down, or
restart it.
Voice 1This field indicates the number and receiver status of the first
voice account.
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Figure 7 Main Screen
The following table describes the icons in this screen.
Table 5 Main > Icons
ICON DESCRIPTION
MAIN
Click to return to the Main screen.
SETUP
Click to go the Setup screen, where you can configure LAN and
DHCP settings.
ADVANCED
Click to go to the Advanced screen, where you can configure
features like Port Forwarding and Triggering, SNTP and so on.
VOICE
Click to go to the Voice screen, where you can configure your
voice service and phone settings.
TOOLS
Click to go the Tools screen, where you can configure your
firewall, QoS, and content filter, among other things.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
STATUS
Click to go to the Status screen, where you can view status and
statistical information for all connections and interfaces.
Strength Indicator
Displays a visual representation of the quality of your WiMAX
connection.
•Disconnected - Zero bars
•Poor reception - One bar
•Good reception - Two bars
•Excellent reception - Three bars
Table 6 Main
LABEL DESCRIPTION
HelpClick to open the web configurator’s online help.
WizardClick to run the Internet Connection and VoIP Connection Setup
Wizard. All of the settings that you can configure in this wizard
are also available in these web configurator screens.
LogoutClick to log out of the web configurator.
Note: This does not log you off the WiMAX network, it simply
logs you out of the WiMAX Device’s browser-based
configuration interface.
WiMAX Connection
Status This field indicates the current status of your WiMAX connection.
Status messages are as follows:
•Connected - Indicates that the WiMAX Device is connected
to the WiMAX network. Use the Strength Indicator icon to
determine the quality of your network connection.
•Disconnected - Indicates that the WiMAX Device is not
connected to the WiMAX network.
•DL_SYN - Indicates a download synchronization is in
progress. This means the firmware is checking with the
server for any updates or settings alterations.
Software VersionThis field indicates the version number of the WiMAX Device’s
firmware. The version number takes the form of: Version(Build),
release status (candidate) | Version Release Date.
For example: V3.60(BCC.0)c4 | 07/08/2009 indicates that the
firmware is 3.60, build BCC.0, candidate 4, released on July 08,
2009.
Version DateThis field indicates the exact date and time the current firmware
was compiled.
System UptimeThis field indicates how long the WiMAX Device has been on.
This resets every time you shut the device down or restart it.
Table 5 Main > Icons (continued)
ICON DESCRIPTION
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WiMAX UptimeThis field indicates how long the WiMAX Device has been
connected to the WiMAX network. This resets every time you
disconnect from the WiMAX network, shut the device down, or
restart it.
Voice 1This field indicates the number and receiver status of the first
voice account.
Voice 2This field indicates the number and receiver status of the second
voice account.
Table 6 Main (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 3
Internet Connection Wizard
3.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Internet Connection Wizard screens. The
wizard guides you through several steps in which you can configure your most
basic (and essential) Internet settings.
Note: Screens are presented here in order of appearance as you work through the
Internet Connection Wizard. To get to any particular screen, you must first
navigate through the ones that came before it.
3.1.1 Welcome to the ZyXEL Setup Wizard
This is the welcome screen for the ZyXEL Setup Wizard. You can choose to either
configure your Internet connection or your VoIP connection.
Figure 8 Select a Mode
Select Internet Connection Wizard to begin.
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3.1.2 System Information
This Internet Connection Wizard screen allows you to configure your WiMAX
Device’s system information. The settings here correspond to the ADVANCED >
System Configuration > General screen (Section 11.2 on page 137).
Figure 9 Internet Connection Wizard > System Information
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Internet Connection Wizard > System Information
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System
Name System Name is a unique name to identify the WiMAX Device in an
Ethernet network. Enter a descriptive name. This name can be up to 30
alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes "-" and
underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain
Name Type the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank,
the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered
by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name.
Back Click to display the previous screen.
Next Click to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click to close the wizard without saving.
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3.1.3 Wireless LAN
This Internet Connection Wizard screen follows the System Information screen
and allows you to configure your wireless network’s security settings. The settings
here correspond to the Advanced > WiFi Configuration > General screen,
Security sub-section (Section 8.2 on page 104).
Note: The Security option you select here determines which screen comes next.
Figure 10 Internet Connection Wizard > Wireless LAN Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Internet Connection Wizard > Wireless LAN Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name (SSID)This is the name you assign to your network and the name
that appears in a wireless client’s network selection options.
Note: “SSID” means Service Set IDentifier and is the
technical term for a wireless network name.
Channel SelectionThis is the radio channel on which the device broadcasts. If
there are other networks in range, select a channel number
than is not already in use in order to minimize possible
cross-channel interferrence.
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SecuritySelect an encryption method for your network. This is to
discourage people from accessing your network without
authorization. Choose an encryption method compatible with
all of your anticipated network clients.
Security Options are:
•None - It is not recommended that you use this setting.
With no security, anyone who has a wireless device can
connect to your network.
•Basic (WEP) - This is a basic form of encryption. It is
not recommended that you use it as it can be by-passed
quite easily. However, because it is one of the original
wireless encryption methods, it is the most compatible
with older wireless devices. Select this option if you
require the widest range of compatibility.
•Extend (WPA-PSK with customized key) - This
provides both improved data encryption and user
authentication. Using PSK, both the WiMAX Device and
the connecting client share a common password in order
to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while
robust, is not as strong as WPA2-PSK. Use this type of
security of you do not use a RADIUS server to
authenticate user credentials.
•Extend (WPA2-PSK with customize key) - This is a
newer, more robust version of the WPA encryption
standard. It offers slightly better security. Use this option
if you do not have RADIUS server on your network to
verify user credentials.
The option you select here changes the configuration options
on this screen accordingly. For details on the specific
security options, see subsequent tables.
Back Click to display the previous screen.
Next Click to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click to close the wizard without saving.
Table 8 Internet Connection Wizard > Wireless LAN Screen (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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3.1.3.1 Wireless LAN - Basic (WEP)
This screen appears as a result of selecting Basic WEP as your Security option in
the previous screen. It allows you to configure WEP encryption for your wireless
network. The settings here correspond to the Advanced > WiFi Configuration
> General screen, Security sub-section with the Basic (WEP) option selected
(Section 8.2 on page 104.)
Figure 11 Internet Connection Wizard > Basic (WEP) Screen
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Internet Connection Wizard > Basic (WEP) Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PassphraseEnter a password in this field if you want to have the WiMAX
Device create a unique Hex-based key for you. After
entering your password, click the Generate button. The
Hex-based key appears in the field below.
Note: If you Generate a passphrase, the length of the
key created is determined by the option you select
in the WEP encryption field.
WEP EncryptionSelect the encryption strength for your WEP-enabled
network.
•64-Bit WEP - This is the older of the two available
encryption algorithms. The key is smaller and requires
less computational resources to cipher/decipher. For all
intents and purposes, this is irrelevent for modern
computers and wireless devices. Unfortunately, this level
of security is rudimentary, at best, and easily broken.
You should only use in circumstances where backwards
compatibility with older devices is a significant issue.
•128-Bit WEP - This represents a higher standard of
security for WEP encryption. Keys are larger, require
slightly more computational resources, and are more
difficult to crack. If backwards compatibility for older
wireless devices is a non-issue, use this level of
encryption for more robust security.
Note: Of all the encryption types available for wireless
networks, WEP is the weakest and easiest to by-
pass. It is recommended that you use WPA or
WPA2 whenever possible.
ASCII / HexIf you choose not to have the WiMAX Device automatically
create an encryption key, you can manually enter one here
either in ASCII or in Hex.
If you choose to allow the WiMAX Device to automatically
create an encryption key for you using the Passphrase field
and its corresponding Generate key, then the new key
appears in this field.
Remember to record the password and distribute it to your
wireless clients accordingly (and securely).
Note: For 64-bit encryption: Enter 5 ASCII characters or
10 hexadecimal characters (“0-9”, “A-F”).
Note: For 128-bit encryption: Enter 13 ASCII characters
or 26 hexadecimal characters (“0-9”, “A-F”).
Back Click to display the previous screen.
Next Click to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click to close the wizard without saving.
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3.1.3.2 Wireless LAN -Extended (WPA-PSK / WPA2-PSK)
This screen appears as a result of selecting either WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK as
your Security option in the previous screen. It allows you to configure WPA-PSK /
WPA2-PSK encryption for your wireless network. The settings here correspond to
the Advanced > WiFi Configuration > General screen, Security sub-section
with the Extend option selected (Section 8.2 on page 104.)
Note: Both WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK configuration options use this screen, with only
minimal variation.
Figure 12 Internet Connection Wizard > Extended (WPA-PSK) Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Internet Connection Wizard > Extended (WPA-PSK) Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Pre-shared KeyThis is a secret password that both the WiMAX Device and
the wireless client must have in common in order for the
wireless client to use the network.
As the device administrator, you can generate this key how
you see fit so long as it consists of a minimum of 8
alphanumeric letters and number. However, keep in mind
that the more complex the key, the more difficult it is to
break. The best keys consist of both letters and numbers.
Note: This key is used by all wireless clients on your
network to authenticate their connections, so be
sure to distribute it accordingly (and securely).
Back Click to display the previous screen.
Next Click to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click to close the wizard without saving.
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3.1.4 Authentication Settings
This Internet Connection Wizard screen follows the Wireless LAN security setup
screens and allows you to configure your Internet access settings. The settings
here correspond to the ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet
Connection screen (Section 7.2 on page 93).
Figure 13 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Authentication
UserEnter the username associated with your Internet access
account. You can enter up to 61 printable ASCII characters.
PasswordEnter the password associated with your Internet access
account. You can enter up to 47 printable ASCII characters.
Anonymous IdentityEnter the anonymous identity provided by your Internet
Service Provider. Anonymous identity (also known as outer
identity) is used with EAP-TTLS encryption. The anonymous
identity is used to route your authentication request to the
correct authentication server, and does not reveal your real
user name. Your real user name and password are encrypted
in the TLS tunnel, and only the anonymous identity can be
seen.
Leave this field blank if your ISP did not give you an
anonymous identity to use.
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PKMThis field displays the Privacy Key Management version
number. PKM provides security between the WiMAX Device
and the base station. At the time of writing, the WiMAX
Device supports PKMv2 only. See the WiMAX security
appendix for more information.
AuthenticationThis field displays the user authentication method.
Authentication is the process of confirming the identity of a
mobile station (by means of a username and password, for
example).
Check with your service provider if you are unsure of the
correct setting for your account.
Choose from the following user authentication methods:
•TTLS (Tunnelled Transport Layer Security)
•TLS (Transport Layer Security)
Note: Not all WiMAX Devices support TLS
authentication. Check with your service provider
for details.
TTLS Inner EAPThis field displays the type of secondary authentication
method. Once a secure EAP-TTLS connection is established,
the inner EAP is the protocol used to exchange security
information between the mobile station, the base station and
the AAA server to authenticate the mobile station. See the
WiMAX security appendix for more details. The WiMAX
Device supports the following inner authentication types:
•CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)
•MSCHAP (Microsoft CHAP)
•MSCHAPV2 (Microsoft CHAP version 2)
•PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)
CertificateThis is the security certificate the WiMAX Device uses to
authenticate the AAA server. Use the TOOLS > Certificates
>Trusted CA screen to import certificates to the WiMAX
Device.
Back Click to display the previous screen.
Next Click to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click to close the wizard without saving.
Table 11 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings Screen (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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3.1.5 IP Address
This Internet Connection Wizard screen follows the Authentication Settings
screen and allows you to configure the method with which your WiMAX Device
acquires its IP address. The settings here correspond to the SETUP > Set IP
Address screen (Section 5.2 on page 68).
A fixed (static) IP address is one that your ISP gives you. Your WiMAX Device uses
that IP address every time you connect to the Internet. On the other hand, an
automatic (dynamic) IP address is variable in that the ISP assigns you a different
one each time you connect to the Internet.
Figure 14 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address
My computer or device
gets its IP address
automatically from the
network (Default)
Select this if you have a dynamic IP address. A dynamic IP
address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one
each time you connect to the Internet.
Note: Selecting this option takes you to the Setup
Complete screen.
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3.1.5.1 IP Address Assignment
This screen appears as a result of selecting the Used Fixed IP Address option in
the previous screen. It allows you to configure your static WAN and DNS IP
Addresses. Use the information given to you by your Internet Service Provider.
The settings for WAN IP Address Assignment correspond to the Advanced >
WAN Configuration > Internet Connection screen (Section 7.2 on page 93).
The settings for DNS Server Address Assignment correspond to the Advanced
> LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup screen, DNS Server sub-section.
Figure 15 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address Assignment
Use Fixed IP AddressSelect this option to enter static IP address or a fixed IP that
your ISP gives you.
Note: Selecting this option takes you to the IP Address
Assignment screen.
BackClick to display the previous screen.
Next Click to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click to close the wizard screen without saving.
Table 12 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
3.1.6 Setup Complete
Click Close to complete and save the Internet Connection Wizard settings.
Launch your web browser and navigate to www.zyxel.com. If if everything was
configured properly, the web page should display. You can now surf the Internet!
Refer to the rest of this guide for more detailed information on the complete range
of WiMAX Device features available in the more advanced web configurator.
Note: If you cannot access the Internet, open the web configurator again to confirm
that the Internet settings you configured in the wizard setup are correct.
Table 13 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WAN IP Address Assignment
My WAN IP AddressEnter your ISP-assigned IP Address here.
My WAN IP Subnet
Mask Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Refer to the appendicesto calculate a subnet mask if you are
implementing subnetting.
Gateway IP AddressSpecify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP).
DNS Server Address Assignment
First, Second and Third
DNS Server Specify the IP addresses of a maximum of three DNS servers
that the network can use. The WiMAX Device provides these
IP addresses to DHCP clients.
If you enter nothing in these fields, no DNS service will be
provided by the WiMAX Device.
BackClick to display the previous screen.
Next Click to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click to close the wizard screen without saving.
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CHAPTER 4
VoIP Connection Wizard
4.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the VoIP Connection Wizard screens. The
wizard guides you through several steps in which you can configure the minimum
required settings for placing phone calls over the Internet. You can configure the
WiMAX Device to use up to two SIP-based VoIP accounts.
Note: Screens are presented here in order of appearance as you work through either
the VoIP Connection Wizard. To get to any particular screen, you must first
navigate through the ones that came before it.
4.2 Welcome to the ZyXEL Setup Wizard
This is the welcome screen for the ZyXEL Setup Wizard. You can choose to either
configure your Internet connection or your VoIP connection.
Figure 16 Select a Mode
Select VoIP Connection Wizard to begin.
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4.2.1 First Voice Account Settings
This VoIP Connection Wizard screen allows you to configure your voice account.
The settings here correspond to the VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP
Setting screen (see Section 12.2 on page 149 for more information).
Figure 17 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account Settings
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 14 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account Settings
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SIP NumberEnter your SIP number in this field (use the number or text that
comes before the @ symbol in a SIP account like 1234@VoIP-
provider.com). You can use up to 127 ASCII characters.
SIP Server AddressType the IP address or domain name of the SIP server in this
field. It doesn’t matter whether the SIP server is a proxy,
redirect or register server. You can use up to 95 ASCII
characters.
SIP Service DomainEnter the SIP service domain name in this field (the domain
name that comes after the @ symbol in a SIP account like
1234@VoIP-provider.com). You can use up to 127 ASCII
Extended set characters.
User NameThis is the user name for registering this SIP account with the
SIP register server. Type the user name exactly as it was given
to you. You can use up to 95 ASCII characters.
PasswordType the password associated with the user name above. You
can use up to 95 ASCII Extended set characters.
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After you enter your voice account settings and click Next, the WiMAX Device
attempts to register your SIP account with the SIP server.
Figure 18 VoIP Connection > SIP Registration Test
This screen displays if SIP account registration fails. Check your WiMAX
connection using the WiMAX Link and Strength Indicator LEDs on the front of
the WiMAX Device, then wait a few seconds and click Register Again. If your
Configure the second
voice account Select this check box if you have a second SIP account that
you want to use. You will need to configure the same fields as
displayed on this screen for the second SIP account.
Back Click to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click to complete the wizard setup and save your configuration.
Exit Clickto close the wizard without saving your settings.
Table 14 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account Settings (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Internet connection was already working, you can click Back and try re-entering
your SIP account settings.
Figure 19 VoIP Connection > SIP Registration Fail
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4.2.2 Setup Complete
Click Close to complete and save the VoIP Connection settings.
Figure 20 VoIP Connection > Finish
This screen displays if your SIP account registration was successful.
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PART II
Basic Screens
The Main Screen (40)
The Setup Screens (67)
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CHAPTER 5
The Setup Screens
5.1 Overview
Use these screens to configure or view LAN, DHCP Client and WAN settings.
5.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The Set IP Address screen (Section 5.2 on page 68) lets you configure the
WiMAX Device’s IP address and subnet mask.
•The DHCP Client screen (Section 5.3 on page 69) lets you view a list of all
connected DHCP clients.
•The Time Setting screen (Section 5.4 on page 70) lets you configure your
WiMAX Device’s time and date keeping settings.
5.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
LAN
A Local Area Network, or a shared communication system to which many
computers are attached. A LAN, as its name implies, is limited to a local area such
as a home or office environment. LANs have different topologies, the most
common being the linear bus and the star configuration.
IP Address
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device
(including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to
communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as
hosts.
Subnet Mask
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP Address that
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you entered. You do not need to change the computer subnet mask unless you are
instructed to do so.
Daytime
A network protocol used by devices for debugging and time measurement. A
computer can use this protocol to set its internal clock but only if it knows in which
order the year, month, and day are returned by the server. Not all servers use the
same format.
Time
A network protocol for retrieving the current time from a server. The computer
issuing the command compares the time on its clock to the information returned
by the server, adjusts itself automatically for time zone differences, then
calculates the difference and corrects itself if there has been any temporal drift.
NTP
NTP stands for Network Time Protocol. It is employed by devices connected to the
Internet in order to obtain a precise time setting from an official time server.
These time servers are accurate to within 200 microseconds.
5.1.3 Before You Begin
•Make sure that you have made all the appropriate hardware connections to the
WiMAX Device, as described in the Quick Start Guide.
•Make sure that you have logged in to the web configurator at least one time and
changed your password from the default, as described in the Quick Start Guide.
5.2 Set IP Address
Click the SETUP icon in the navigation bar to set up the WiMAX Device’s IP
address and subnet mask. This screen displays this screen by default. If you are in
any other sub-screen you can simply choose Set IP Address from the navigation
menu on the left to open it again.
Figure 21 SETUP > Set IP Address
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
5.3 DHCP Client
Click SETUP > DHCP Client to view a list of all connected DHCP clients. DHCP
clients are those devices connected to the WiMAX Device, either directly with
Ethernet cables or over a Wi-Fi network, and which have and IP address assigned
to them by an associated DHCP server.
Figure 22 SETUP > DHCP Client
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 SETUP > Set IP Address
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Enter the IP address of the WiMAX Device on the LAN.
Note: This field is the IP address you use to access the
WiMAX Device on the LAN. If the web configurator is
running on a computer on the LAN, you lose access to
it as soon as you change this field and click Apply.
You can access the web configurator again by typing
the new IP address in the browser.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask of the LAN.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 16 SETUP > Set IP Address
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#This is the number of the item in this list.
IP Address This indicates the IP address of the connected DHCP client
device.
Host Name This indicates the name of the connected DHCP client device.
MAC Address Indicates the MAC address of the connected DHCP client.
Reserve Indicates whether the IP address of the connected client is
reserved for that client or not.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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5.4 Time Setting
Click SETUP >Time Setting to set the date, time, and time zone for the WiMAX
Device.
Figure 23 SETUP > Time Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 SETUP > DHCP Client
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date
Current TimeDisplays the current time according to the WiMAX Device.
Current DateDisplays the current time according to the WiMAX Device.
Time and Date Setup
Manual Select this if you want to specify the current date and time in the
fields below.
New Time Enter the new time in this field, and click Apply.
New Date Enter the new date in this field, and click Apply.
Get from Time Server Select this if you want to use a time server to update the current
date and time in the WiMAX Device.
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5.4.1 Pre-Defined NTP Time Servers List
The WiMAX Device uses a pre-defined list of NTP time servers if you do not specify
a time server or it cannot synchronize with the time server you specified. It can
use this list regardless of the time protocol you select.
When the WiMAX Device uses the list, it randomly selects one server and tries to
synchronize with it. If the synchronization fails, then it goes through the rest of
the list in order until either it is successful or all the pre-defined NTP time servers
have been tried.
Time ProtocolSelect the time service protocol that your time server
uses.Check with your ISP or network administrator, or use trial-
and-error to find a protocol that works.
Daytime (RFC 867) - This format is day/month/year/time
zone.
Time (RFC 868) - This format displays a 4-byte integer giving
the total number of seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC 1305) - This format is similar to Time (RFC 868).
Time Server
Address Enter the IP address or URL of your time server. Check with your
ISP or network administrator if you are unsure of this
information.
Time Zone Setup
Time ZoneSelect the time zone at your location.
Daylight SavingsSelect this if your location uses daylight savings time. Daylight
savings is a period from late spring to early fall when many
places set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to
give more daytime light in the evening.
Start DateEnter which hour on which day of which week of which month
daylight-savings time starts.
End DateEnter which hour on the which day of which week of which
month daylight-savings time ends.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 17 SETUP > DHCP Client (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 18 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers
ntp1.cs.wisc.edu
ntp1.gbg.netnod.se
ntp2.cs.wisc.edu
tock.usno.navy.mil
ntp3.cs.wisc.edu
ntp.cs.strath.ac.uk
ntp1.sp.se
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5.4.2 Resetting the Time
The WiMAX Device automatically resets the time in the following circumstances:
•When the device starts up, such as when you press the Power button.
•When you click Apply in the SETUP > Time Setting screen.
•Once every 24-hours after starting up.
time1.stupi.se
tick.stdtime.gov.tw
tock.stdtime.gov.tw
time.stdtime.gov.tw
Table 18 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers (continued)
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PART III
Advanced Screens
The LAN Configuration Screens (75)
The WAN Configuration Screens (89)
The VPN Transport Screens (113)
The NAT Configuration Screens (125)
The System Configuration Screens (135)
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CHAPTER 6
The LAN Configuration Screens
6.1 Overview
Use the ADVANCED > LAN Configuration screens to set up the WiMAX Device
on the LAN. You can configure its IP address and subnet mask, DHCP services,
and other subnets. You can also control how the WiMAX Device sends routing
information using RIP.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many
computers are attached. A LAN is usually a computer network limited to the
immediate area, such as the same building or floor of a building.
6.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The DHCP Setup screen (Section 6.2 on page 76) lets you enable, disable, and
configure the DHCP server in the WiMAX Device.
•The Static DHCP screen (Section 6.3 on page 78) lets you assign specific IP
addresses to specific computers on the LAN.
•The IP Alias screen (Section 6.4 on page 79) lets you add subnets on the LAN
port. You can also control what routing information is sent and received by each
subnet.
•The IP Static Route screen (Section 6.5 on page 81) lets you examine the
static routes configured in the WiMAX Device.
•The Other Settings screen (Section 6.6 on page 83) lets you control the
routing information that is sent and received by each subnet assign specific IP
addresses to specific computers on the LAN.
6.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
IP Address
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device
(including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to
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communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as
hosts.
Subnet Masks
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network.
You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding
IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because
without it, you must know the IP address of a networking device before you can
access it.
DHCP
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign a device an IP
address, subnet mask, DNS and other routing information when it’s turned on.
6.2 DHCP Setup
Click ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup to enable, disable, and
configure the DHCP server in the WiMAX Device.
Figure 24 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DHCP Setup
Enable DHCP
Server Select this if you want the WiMAX Device to be the DHCP server on the
LAN. As a DHCP server, the WiMAX Device assigns IP addresses to
DHCP clients on the LAN and provides the subnet mask and DNS server
information.
IP Pool Starting
Address Enter the IP address from which the WiMAX Device begins allocating IP
addresses, if you have not specified an IP address for the computers on
your network in ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP.
Pool Size Enter the number of IP addresses to allocate. This number must be at
least one and is limited by a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (regardless
of the subnet the WiMAX Device is in). For example, if the IP Pool
Start Address is 10.10.10.10, the WiMAX Device can allocate up to
10.10.10.254, or 245 IP addresses.
DNS Server
First, Second
and Third DNS
Server
Specify the IP addresses of a maximum of three DNS servers that the
network can use. The WiMAX Device provides these IP addresses to
DHCP clients. You can specify these IP addresses two ways.
From ISP - provide the DNS servers provided by the ISP on the WAN
port.
User Defined - enter a static IP address.
DNS Relay - this setting will relay DNS information from the DNS
server obtained by the WiMAX Device.
None - no DNS service will be provided by the WiMAX Device.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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6.3 Static DHCP
Click ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP to assign specific IP
addresses to specific computers on the LAN.
Note: This screen has no effect if the DHCP server is not enabled. You can enable it
in ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup.
Figure 25 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#The number of the item in this list.
MAC Address Enter the MAC address of the computer to which you want the WiMAX
Device to assign the same IP address.
IP Address Enter the IP address you want the WiMAX Device to assign to the
computer.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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6.4 IP Alias
Click ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > IP Alias to add subnets on the LAN
port. You can also control what routing information is sent and received by each
subnet.
Figure 26 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration> IP Alias
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration> IP Alias
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Alias 1 Select this to add the specified subnet to the LAN port.
IP Address Enter the IP address of the WiMAX Device on the subnet.
IP Subnet
Mask Enter the subnet mask of the subnet.
RIP
Direction Use this field to control how much routing information the WiMAX
Device sends and receives on the subnet.
•None - The WiMAX Device does not send or receive routing
information on the subnet.
•Both - The WiMAX Device sends and receives routing information on
the subnet.
•In Only - The WiMAX Device only receives routing information on
the subnet.
•Out Only - The WiMAX Device only sends routing information on the
subnet.
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RIP Version Select which version of RIP the WiMAX Device uses when it sends or
receives information on the subnet.
•RIP-1 - The WiMAX Device uses RIPv1 to exchange routing
information.
•RIP-2B - The WiMAX Device broadcasts RIPv2 to exchange routing
information.
•RIP-2M - The WiMAX Device multicasts RIPv2 to exchange routing
information.
IP Alias 2 Select this to add the specified subnet to the LAN port.
IP Address Enter the IP address of the WiMAX Device on the subnet.
IP Subnet
Mask Enter the subnet mask of the subnet.
RIP
Direction Use this field to control how much routing information the WiMAX
Device sends and receives on the subnet.
•None - The WiMAX Device does not send or receive routing
information on the subnet.
•Both - The WiMAX Device sends and receives routing information on
the subnet.
•In Only - The WiMAX Device only receives routing information on
the subnet.
•Out Only - The WiMAX Device only sends routing information on the
subnet.
RIP Version Select which version of RIP the WiMAX Device uses when it sends or
receives information on the subnet.
•RIP-1 - The WiMAX Device uses RIPv1 to exchange routing
information.
•RIP-2B - The WiMAX Device broadcasts RIPv2 to exchange routing
information.
•RIP-2M - The WiMAX Device multicasts RIPv2 to exchange routing
information.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 21 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration> IP Alias (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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6.5 IP Static Route
Click ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > IP Static Route to look at the static
routes configured in the WiMAX Device.
Note: The first static route is the default route and cannot be modified or deleted.
Figure 27 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route
The following table describes the icons in this screen.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route
ICON DESCRIPTION
Edit
Click to edit this item.
Delete
Click to delete this item.
Table 23 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#The number of the item in this list.
Name This field displays the name that describes the static route.
Active This field shows whether this static route is active (Yes) or not (No).
Destination This field displays the destination IP address(es) that this static route
affects.
Gateway This field displays the IP address of the gateway to which the WiMAX
Device should send packets for the specified Destination. The gateway
is a router or a switch on the same network segment as the device's
LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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6.5.1 IP Static Route Setup
Click an Edit icon in ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > IP Static Route to
edit a static route in the WiMAX Device.
Figure 28 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route > Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Route Name Enter the name of the static route.
Active Select this if you want the static route to be used. Clear this if you do
not want the static route to be used.
Private Select this if you do not want the WiMAX Device to tell other routers
about this static route. For example, you might select this if the static
route is in your LAN. Clear this if you want the WiMAX Device to tell
other routers about this static route.
Destination IP
Address Enter one of the destination IP addresses that this static route affects.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask that defines the range of destination IP
addresses that this static route affects. If this static route affects only
one IP address, enter 255.255.255.255.
Gateway IP
Address Enter the IP address of the gateway to which the WiMAX Device should
send packets for the specified Destination. The gateway is a router or
a switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN
port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
Metric Usually, you should keep the default value. This field is related to RIP.
The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines
the best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest
"cost". The smaller the metric, the lower the "cost". RIP uses hop count
as the measurement of cost, where 1 is for a directly-connected
network. The metric must be 1-15; if you use a value higher than 15,
the routers assume the link is down.
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6.6 Other Settings
Click ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Other Settings to set the RIP and
Multicast options.
Figure 29 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Table 24 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route > Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 25 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Other Settings
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RIP & Multicast Setup
RIP Direction Use this field to control how much routing information the WiMAX
Device sends and receives on the subnet.
•None - The WiMAX Device does not send or receive routing
information on the subnet.
•Both - The WiMAX Device sends and receives routing information on
the subnet.
•In Only - The WiMAX Device only receives routing information on
the subnet.
•Out Only - The WiMAX Device only sends routing information on the
subnet.
RIP Version Select which version of RIP the WiMAX Device uses when it sends or
receives information on the subnet.
•RIP-1 - The WiMAX Device uses RIPv1 to exchange routing
information.
•RIP-2B - The WiMAX Device broadcasts RIPv2 to exchange routing
information.
•RIP-2M - The WiMAX Device multicasts RIPv2 to exchange routing
information.
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6.7 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX
Device features described in this chapter.
6.7.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, computers on
a LAN share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If
the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP
addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet
mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you
have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when
the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select
a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the
Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the WiMAX Device. The Internet
Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for
private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise.
Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254
individual addresses, from 192.168.100.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are
reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number
while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.
Multicast You do not have to enable multicasting to use RIP-2M. (See RIP
Version.)
Select which version of IGMP the WiMAX Device uses to support
multicasting on the LAN. Multicasting sends packets to some computers
on the LAN and is an alternative to unicasting (sending packets to one
computer) and broadcasting (sending packets to every computer).
•None - The WiMAX Device does not support multicasting.
•IGMP-v1 - The WiMAX Device supports IGMP version 1.
•IGMP-v2 - The WiMAX Device supports IGMP version 2.
Multicasting can improve overall network performance. However, it
requires extra processing and generates more network traffic. In
addition, other computers on the LAN have to support the same version
of IGMP.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 25 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Other Settings (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to
remember, for instance, 192.168.100.1, for your WiMAX Device, but make sure
that no other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
WiMAX Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP
address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed
by the WiMAX Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
6.7.2 DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the WiMAX Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a
server, the WiMAX Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If
DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or
else each computer must be manually configured.
The WiMAX Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP
clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not
assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.
These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives
you explicit DNS server address(es), see Section 6.3 on page 78.
6.7.3 LAN TCP/IP
The WiMAX Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses
and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
The LAN parameters of the WiMAX Device are preset in the factory with the
following values:
•IP address of 192.168.100.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
•DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33.
These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives
you explicit DNS server address(es), see Section 6.3 on page 78.
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6.7.4 DNS Server Address
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding
IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because
without it, you must know the IP address of a machine before you can access it.
The DNS server addresses that you enter in the DHCP setup are passed to the
client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses. The first
is for an ISP to tell a customer the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an
information sheet, when s/he signs up. If your ISP gives you the DNS server
addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in DHCP Setup, otherwise, leave
them blank.
Some ISPs choose to pass the DNS servers using the DNS server extensions of
PPP IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give
you explicit DNS servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP
negotiation. The WiMAX Device supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through
the DNS proxy feature.
If the Primary and Secondary DNS Server fields in the LAN Setup screen are
notspecified, for instance, left as 0.0.0.0, the WiMAX Device tells the DHCP clients
that it itself is the DNS server. When a computer sends a DNS query to the WiMAX
Device, the WiMAX Device forwards the query to the real DNS server learned
through IPCP and relays the response back to the computer.
Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server
extensions. It does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP
setup under all circumstances. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make
sure that you enter their IP addresses in the LAN Setup screen. This way, the
WiMAX Device can pass the DNS servers to the computers and the computers can
query the DNS server directly without the WiMAX Device’s intervention.
6.7.5 RIP Setup
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing
information with other routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and
receiving of RIP packets. When set to:
•Both - the WiMAX Device will broadcast its routing table periodically and
incorporate the RIP information that it receives.
•In Only - the WiMAX Device will not send any RIP packets but will accept all RIP
packets received.
•Out Only - the WiMAX Device will send out RIP packets but will not accept any
RIP packets received.
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•None - the WiMAX Device will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP
packets received.
The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP
packets that the WiMAX Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving).
RIP-1 is universally supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is
probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network
topology.
Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M sends the routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference
being that RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting.
6.7.6 Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1
sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody
and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP
version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP
version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information
about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections
4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and
can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not
assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address
224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order
to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers
group.
The WiMAX Device supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2
(IGMP-v2). At start up, the WiMAX Device queries all directly connected networks
to gather group membership. After that, the WiMAX Device periodically updates
this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the WiMAX Device
LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to
disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
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CHAPTER 7
The WAN Configuration Screens
7.1 Overview
Use the ADVANCED > WAN Configuration screens to set up your WiMAX
Device’s Wide Area Network (WAN) or Internet features.
A Wide Area Network (or WAN) links geographically dispersed locations to other
networks or the Internet. A WAN configuration can include switched and
permanent telephone circuits, terrestrial radio systems and satellite systems.
7.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The Internet Connection screen (Section 7.2 on page 93) lets you set up your
WiMAX Device’s Internet settings.
•The WiMAX Configuration screen (Section 7.3 on page 95) lets set up the
frequencies used by your WiMAX Device.
•The Traffic Redirect screen (Section 7.4 on page 99) lets change your WiMAX
Device’s traffic redirect settings.
•The Advanced screen (Section 7.5 on page 101) lets configure your DNS
server, RIP, Multicast and Windows Networking settings.
7.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
WiMAX
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the IEEE 802.16
wireless networking standard, which provides high-bandwidth, wide-range
wireless service across wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). ZyXEL is a
member of the WiMAX Forum, the industry group dedicated to promoting and
certifying interoperability of wireless broadband products.
In a wireless MAN, a wireless-equipped computer is known either as a mobile
station (MS) or a subscriber station (SS). Mobile stations use the IEEE 802.16e
standard and are able to maintain connectivity while switching their connection
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from one base station to another base station (handover) while subscriber
stations use other standards that do not have this capability (IEEE 802.16-2004,
for example). The following figure shows an MS-equipped notebook computer
MS1 moving from base station BS1’s coverage area and connecting to BS2.
Figure 30 WiMax: Mobile Station
WiMAX technology uses radio signals (around 2 to 10 GHz) to connect subscriber
stations and mobile stations to local base stations. Numerous subscriber stations
and mobile stations connect to the network through a single base station (BS), as
in the following figure.
Figure 31 WiMAX: Multiple Mobile Stations
A base station's coverage area can extend over many hundreds of meters, even
under poor conditions. A base station provides network access to subscriber
stations and mobile stations, and communicates with other base stations.
The radio frequency and bandwidth of the link between the WiMAX Device and the
base station are controlled by the base station. The WiMAX Device follows the
base station’s configuration.
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Authentication
When authenticating a user, the base station uses a third-party RADIUS or
Diameter server known as an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting)
server to authenticate the mobile or subscriber stations.
The following figure shows a base station using an AAA server to authenticate
mobile station MS, allowing it to access the Internet.
Figure 32 Using an AAA Server
In this figure, the dashed arrow shows the PKM (Privacy Key Management)
secured connection between the mobile station and the base station, and the solid
arrow shows the EAP secured connection between the mobile station, the base
station and the AAA server. See the WiMAX security appendix for more details.
Traffic Redirect
Traffic redirect forwards WAN traffic to a backup gateway when the WiMAX Device
cannot connect to the Internet through its normal gateway. Connect the backup
gateway on the WAN so that the WiMAX Device still provides firewall protection for
the LAN.
Figure 33 Traffic Redirect WAN Setup
IP alias allows you to avoid triangle route security issues when the backup
gateway is connected to the LAN or DMZ. Use IP alias to configure the LAN into
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two or three logical networks with the WiMAX Device itself as the gateway for each
LAN network. Put the protected LAN in one subnet (Subnet 1 in the following
figure) and the backup gateway in another subnet (Subnet 2). Configure a LAN to
LAN/WiMAX Device firewall rule that forwards packets from the protected LAN
(Subnet 1) to the backup gateway (Subnet 2).
Figure 34 Traffic Redirect LAN Setup
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7.2 Internet Connection
Click ADVANCED > WAN Configuration to set up your WiMAX Device’s Internet
settings.
Note: Not all WiMAX Device models have all the fields shown here.
Figure 35 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection > ISP
Parameters for Internet Access
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
UserUse this field to enter the username associated with your Internet
access account. You can enter up to 61 printable ASCII characters.
PasswordUse this field to enter the password associated with your Internet
access account. You can enter up to 47 printable ASCII characters.
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Anonymous
Identity Enter the anonymous identity provided by your Internet Service
Provider. Anonymous identity (also known as outer identity) is used
with EAP-TTLS encryption. The anonymous identity is used to route
your authentication request to the correct authentication server,
and does not reveal your real user name. Your real user name and
password are encrypted in the TLS tunnel, and only the anonymous
identity can be seen.
Leave this field blank if your ISP did not give you an anonymous
identity to use.
PKMThis field displays the Privacy Key Management version number.
PKM provides security between the WiMAX Device and the base
station. At the time of writing, the WiMAX Device supports PKMv2
only. See the WiMAX security appendix for more information.
AuthenticationThis field displays the user authentication method. Authentication is
the process of confirming the identity of a mobile station (by means
of a username and password, for example).
Check with your service provider if you are unsure of the correct
setting for your account.
Choose from the following user authentication methods:
•TTLS (Tunnelled Transport Layer Security)
•TLS (Transport Layer Security)
Note: Not all WiMAX Devices support TLS authentication.
Check with your service provider for details.
TTLS Inner EAPThis field displays the type of secondary authentication method.
Once a secure EAP-TTLS connection is established, the inner EAP is
the protocol used to exchange security information between the
mobile station, the base station and the AAA server to authenticate
the mobile station. See the WiMAX security appendix for more
details.
This field is available only when TTLS is selected in the
Authentication field.
The WiMAX Device supports the following inner authentication
types:
•CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)
•MSCHAP (Microsoft CHAP)
•MSCHAPV2 (Microsoft CHAP version 2)
•PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)
Table 26 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection > ISP
Parameters for Internet Access (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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7.3 WiMAX Configuration
Click ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > WiMAX Configuration to set up the
frequencies used by your WiMAX Device.
In a WiMAX network, a mobile or subscriber station must use a radio frequency
supported by the base station to communicate. When the WiMAX Device looks for
a connection to a base station, it can search a range of frequencies.
Auth ModeSelect the authentication mode from the drop-down list box.
This field is not available in all WiMAX Devices. Check with your
service provider for details.
The WiMAX Device supports the following authentication modes:
•User Only
•Device Only with Cert
•Certs and User Authentication
CertificateThis is the security certificate the WiMAX Device uses to
authenticate the AAA server. Use the TOOLS > > Trusted CAs
screen to import certificates to the WiMAX Device.
WAN IP Address Assignment
Get
automatically
from ISP
(Default)
Select this if you have a dynamic IP address. A dynamic IP address
is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you
connect to the Internet.
Use Fixed IP
Address A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you.
IP AddressEnter your ISP-assigned IP Address here.
IP Subnet MaskEnter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Refer to the appendicesto calculate a subnet mask if you are
implementing subnetting.
Gateway IP
Address Specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP).
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 26 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection > ISP
Parameters for Internet Access (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Radio frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz).
Figure 36 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27 Radio Frequency Conversion
1 kHz = 1000 Hz
1 MHz = 1000 kHz (1000000 Hz)
1 GHz = 1000 MHz (1000000 kHz)
Table 28 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DL Frequency /
Bandwidth [1~19] These fields show the downlink frequency settings in kilohertz (kHz).
Enter values in these fields to have the WiMAX Device scan these
frequencies for available channels in ascending numerical order.
Note: The Bandwidth field is not user-configurable; when the
WiMAX Device finds a WiMAX connection, its frequency is
displayed in this field.
Contact your service provider for details of supported frequencies.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.3.1 Frequency Ranges
The following figure shows the WiMAX Device searching a range of frequencies to
find a connection to a base station.
Figure 37 Frequency Ranges
In this figure, A is the WiMAX frequency range. “WiMAX frequency range” refers to
the entire range of frequencies the WiMAX Device is capable of using to transmit
and receive (see the Product Specifications appendix for details).
In the figure, B shows the operator frequency range. This is the range of
frequencies within the WiMAX frequency range supported by your operator
(service provider).
The operator range is subdivided into bandwidth steps. In the figure, each C is a
bandwidth step.
The arrow D shows the WiMAX Device searching for a connection.
Have the WiMAX Device search only certain frequencies by configuring the
downlink frequencies. Your operator can give you information on the supported
frequencies.
The downlink frequencies are points of the frequency range your WiMAX Device
searches for an available connection. Use the Site Survey screen to set these
bands. You can set the downlink frequencies anywhere within the WiMAX
frequency range. In this example, the downlink frequencies have been set to
search all of the operator range for a connection.
7.3.2 Configuring Frequency Settings
You need to set the WiMAX Device to scan one or more specific radio frequencies
to find an available connection to a WiMAX base station.
Use the WiMAX Frequency screen to define the radio frequencies to be searched
for available wireless connections. See Section 7.3.3 on page 98 for an example of
using the WiMAX Frequency screen.
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Note: It may take several minutes for the WiMAX Device to find a connection.
•The WiMAX Device searches the DL Frequency settings in ascending numerical
order, from [1] to [19].
Note: The Bandwidth field is not user-configurable; when the WiMAX Device finds a
WiMAX connection, its frequency is displayed in this field.
•If you enter a 0 in a DL Frequency field, the WiMAX Device immediately moves
on to the next DL Frequency field.
•When the WiMAX Device connects to a base station, the values in this screen
are automatically set to the base station’s frequency. The next time the WiMAX
Device searches for a connection, it searches only this frequency. If you want
the WiMAX Device to search other frequencies, enter them in the DL
Frequency fields.
The following table describes some examples of DL Frequency settings.
7.3.3 Using the WiMAX Frequency Screen
In this example, your Internet service provider has given you a list of supported
frequencies: 2.51, 2.525, 2.6, and 2.625.
1In the DL Frequency [1] field, enter 2510000 (2510000 kilohertz (kHz) is equal
to 2.51 gigahertz).
2In the DL Frequency [2] field, enter 2525000.
3In the DL Frequency [3] field, enter 2600000.
Table 29 DL Frequency Example Settings
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
Bandwidth: 25000002500000
DL Frequency
[1]: 25500002550000
DL Frequency [2] 02600000
DL Frequency
[3]: 00
DL Frequency
[4]: 00
The WiMAX Device
searches at 2500000
kHz, and then searches
at 2550000 kHz if it has
not found a connection.
The WiMAX Device
searches at 2500000 kHz
and then at 2550000 kHz if
it has not found an
available connection. If it
still does not find an
available connection, it
searches at 2600000 kHz.
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4In the DL Frequency [4] field, enter 2625000.
Leave the rest of the DL Frequency fields at zero. The screen appears as follows.
Figure 38 Completing the WiMAX Frequency Screen
5Click Apply. The WiMAX Device stores your settings.
When the WiMAX Device searches for available frequencies, it scans all
frequencies from DL Frequency [1] to DL Frequency [4]. When it finds an
available connection, the fields in this screen will be automatically set to use that
frequency.
7.4 Traffic Redirect
Click ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Traffic Redirect to change your
WiMAX Device’s traffic redirect settings.
Figure 39 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Traffic Redirect
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Traffic Redirect
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ActiveSelect this check box to have the WiMAX Device use traffic redirect if
the normal WAN connection goes down.
Note: If you activate traffic redirect, you must configure the Check
WAN IP Address field.
Backup
Gateway IP
Address
Type the IP address of your backup gateway in dotted decimal notation.
The WiMAX Device automatically forwards traffic to this IP address if the
WiMAX Device's Internet connection terminates.
Check WAN IP
Address Configure this field to test your WiMAX Device's WAN accessibility. Type
the IP address of a reliable nearby computer (for example, your ISP's
DNS server address).
Note: If you activate either traffic redirect or dial backup, you must
configure an IP address here.
When using a WAN backup connection, the WiMAX Device periodically
pings the addresses configured here and uses the other WAN backup
connection (if configured) if there is no response.
Fail ToleranceType the number of times (2 recommended) that your WiMAX Device
may ping the IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address
field without getting a response before switching to a WAN backup
connection (or a different WAN backup connection).
Period (sec)The WiMAX Device tests a WAN connection by periodically sending a
ping to either the default gateway or the address in the Check WAN IP
Address field.
Type a number of seconds (5 to 300) to set the time interval between
checks. Allow more time if your destination IP address handles lots of
traffic.
Timeout (sec)Type the number of seconds (1 to 10) for your WiMAX Device to wait for
a response to the ping before considering the check to have failed. This
setting must be less than the Period. Use a higher value in this field if
your network is busy or congested.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.5 Advanced
Click ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced to configure your DNS
server, RIP, Multicast and Windows Networking settings.
Figure 40 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DNS Servers
First, Second and
Third DNS Server Select Obtainedfrom ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS
server information (and the WiMAX Device's WAN IP address). Use
the drop-down list box to select a DNS server IP address that the
ISP assigns in the field to the right.
Select UserDefined if you have the IP address of a DNS server.
Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you
chose UserDefined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0,
UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a
second choice to UserDefined, and enter the same IP address, the
second UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. You must
have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computers
must have their DNS server addresses manually configured. If you
do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a
computer in order to access it.
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RIP & Multicast Setup
RIP DirectionSelect the RIP direction from None,Both,In Only and Out Only.
RIP VersionSelect the RIP version from RIP-1,RIP-2B and RIP-2M.
MulticastIGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer
protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group. The
WiMAX Device supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and
IGMP-v2. Select None to disable it.
Windows Networking (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
Allow between LAN
and WAN Select this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to
the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled
with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also
need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards
NetBIOS traffic.
Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the
LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN.
Allow Trigger DialSelect this option to allow NetBIOS packets to initiate calls.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 31 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 8
The Wi-Fi Configuration Screens
8.1 Overview
Use the ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration screens to set up your WiMAX
Device’s Wi-Fi network features.
8.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The General screen (Section 8.2 on page 104) allows you to set up your WiMAX
Device’s basic Wi-Fi settings and security.
•The MAC Filter screen (Section 8.3 on page 109) allows you to create a list of
computer MAC addresses that you can allow or deny on your network.
•The Advanced screen (Section 8.4 on page 110) allows you to adjust your
advanced Wi-Fi network settings.
8.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
MAC Address
On a local area network (LAN) or other network, the MAC address is a computer's
unique hardware number. (On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet
address). The MAC layer frames data for transmission over the network, then
passes the frame to the physical layer interface where it is transmitted as a
stream of bits.
MAC Filtering
Media Access Control filtering filters incoming frames based on MAC (Media Access
Control) address(es) that you specify.
RTS/CTS
Request to Send / Clear to Send is a mechanism for reducing interference (or
collisions) on a network by delaying other data in the pipeline. The network device
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using RTS/CTS initiates the delay as soon as a data frame over a specified size
enters the network. The length of the delay is specified in the RTS/CTS
configuration parameters.
Fragmentation
On a wireless network, fragmentation refers to the mechanism used to ensue data
integrity during transmission. If a network experiences an inordinate amount of
interference (or collisions), then artificially fragmenting the data moving across it
can reduce this risk.
8.2 General
Click ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration. This screen allows you to set up your
WiMAX Device’s basic wireless settings and security.
Note: The security options in this screen change according to the Security Mode
option that you select.
Figure 41 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Setup
Enable Wireless
LAN Select this turn to have the WiMAX Device broadcast an IEEE
802.11b/g Wi-Fi signal.
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Name (SSID)Enter the SSID name that the wireless network signal will be listed
as on compatible Wi-Fi clients.
Hide SSIDSelect this option to mask your Wi-Fi network signal. While this may
“hide” it from casual scanning programs and devices, it cannot truly
hide it from dedicated signal sniffers.
If you know the SSID, however, you can still connect to it when
prompted to enter an SSID either by your operating system’s
connection mechanism or the Wi-Fi software you use.
Channel
Selection Select a channel on which to broadcast your Wi-Fi network signal.
Ideally, you should choose a channel that is currently not in use by
other devices within range of this one.
Security
Security ModeSelect a security encryption protocol to protect your Wi-Fi network
from unwanted visitors. The options are:
Security Options are:
•No Security - It is not recommended that you use this setting.
With no security, anyone who has a Wi-Fi device can connect to
your network.
•Static WEP - This is a basic form of encryption. It is not
recommended that you use it as it can be by-passed quite easily.
However, because it is one of the original Wi-Fi encryption
methods, it is the most compatible with older devices. Select this
option if you require maximum compatibility.
•WPA-PSK - This provides both improved data encryption and
user authentication. Using PSK, both the WiMAX Device and the
connecting client share a common password in order to validate
the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as
strong as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. Use this type of
security of you do not use a RADIUS server to authenticate user
credentials.
•WPA - This is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the
presence of a RADIUS server on your network in order to validate
user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than
WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices.
•WPA2-PSK - This is a newer, more robust version of the WPA
encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although
the use of PSK makes it less robust than it could be. Use this
option if you do not have RADIUS server on your network to
verify user credentials.
•WPA2 - This is currently the most robust form of encryption for
wireless networks. It requires a RADIUS server to authenticate
user credentials and is a full implementation the security
protocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your
network. However, it is the least backwards compatible with
older devices.
The option you select here changes the configuration options on this
screen accordingly. For details on the specific security options, see
subsequent tables.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 32 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The subsequent screens describe the individual Security Mode options.
Figure 42 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > WPA/WPA2 Optionsl
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The following table describes the Security Mode options for both WPA and WPA2.
Figure 43 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Optionsl
Table 33 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security ModeSelect WPA or WPA2 to display the following Wi-Fi network security
options.
WPA CompatibleSelect this option to ensure backwards compatibility with the WPA
encryption protocol while in WPA2 mode, thus allowing both WPA
and WPA2 clients to connect simultaneously.
Note: This option does not appear in WPA mode. It only
appears in WPA2 mode.
ReAuthentication
Time Set the time (in seconds) that the WiMAX Device waits before
requiring a connected client to reauthenticate their session.
Idle TimeoutSet the time (in seconds) the WiMAX Device waits before
disconnecting an idle client. If a client becomes active before the
idle count is up, the count resets.
Group Key
Update Timer Set the time (in seconds) that WiMAX Device updates the encryption
key used for all connected clients on the Wi-Fi network.
Authentication
Server This is a server used to securely check one’s login credentials, such
as a RADIUS server.
IP AddressEnter the IP address of the authentication server.
Port NumberEnter the port number of the authentication server.
Shared
Secret Enter the password for the authentication server.
Accounting
Server This is a server that measures the duration of all active connections,
usually for accounting purposes, such as an ISP that charges users
per minute online rather than a flat fee per month.
ActiveSelect this option to have the WiMAX Device use an accounting
server in tandem with the authentication server.
IP AddressEnter the IP address of the accounting server.
Port NumberEnter the port number of the accounting server.
Shared
Secret Enter the password for the accounting server.
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The following table describes the Security Mode options for both WPA-PSK and
WPA2-PSK.
Table 34 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security ModeSelect WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to display the following Wi-Fi
network security options.
WPA CompatibleSelect this option to ensure backwards compatibility with the WPA-
PSK encryption protocol while in WPA2-PSK mode, thus allowing
both WPA and WPA2 clients to connect simultaneously.
Note: This option does not appear in WPA-PSK mode. It only
appears in WPA2-PSK mode.
Pre-Shared KeyEnter the password that wireless clients will have to match in order
to make a secure Wi-Fi network connection with this device.
ReAuthentication
Time Set the time (in seconds) that the WiMAX Device waits before
requiring a connected client to reauthenticate their session.
Idle TimeoutSet the time (in seconds) the WiMAX Device waits before
disconnecting an idle client. If a client becomes active before the
idle count is up, the count resets.
Group Key
Update Timer Set the time (in seconds) that WiMAX Device updates the encryption
key used for all connected clients on the wireless network.
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8.3 MAC Filter
Click ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > MAC Filter. This screen allows you
to create a list of MAC addresses that you will allow or deny on your network.
Note: If you do not want to enable this feature, enter 00:00:00:00:00:00 in the MAC
address fields. (This is the default setting.)
Figure 44 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ActiveSelect this option to enable MAC address filtering on your WiMAX
Device. When active, only clients whose MAC addresses match those
you enter on this list are filtered.
Filter ActionSelect the the type of filter you want to employ:
•Allow - Select this option to allow connections only to the MAC
addresses on the list.
•Deny - Select this option to disallow connection only to the MAC
addresses on this list.
SetThe number of the item in the list.
MAC AddressEnter the MAC address to filter. MAC addresses are always written as
8 hexidecimal pairs separated by colons.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
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8.4 Advanced
Click ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > Advanced. This screen allows to
adjust your advanced Wi-Fi network settings.
Note: For more information on RTS/CTS and Fragmentation Thresholds, see
Appendix C on page 313.
Figure 45 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Traffic Redirect
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS
Threshold Enter a value between 256 and 2346 if you want to use the RTS
(Request to Send) / CTS (Clear to Send) mechanism to reduce potential
packet collisions.
If you notice that your Wi-Fi clients are suffering from data loss or slow
data packet transmission/reception, use this feature.
Note: Setting the value to 2346 effectively turns this off.
Fragmentation
Threshold Enter a value between 256 and 2346 if you want to use the
Fragmentation Threshold mechanism. This reduces packet loss resulting
from signal interference (such as from other nearby wireless
transmitters) by pre-emptively and logically fragmenting data packets
and reassemblnig them at their destination.
As with the RTS/CTS Threshold mechanism, using this feature can
improve network performance if you are detecting an abnormal number
of packet collisions.
Note: Setting the value to 2346 effectively turns this off.
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802.11 ModeSelect the Wi-Fi protocol to use while broadcasting.
•802.11b - This protocol is one of the older ones and is not nearly as
robust as later versions (b, g, n). In many countries, it shares the
same frequency range (2.4 GHz) as other devices, like cordless
phones, Bluetooth devices, and microwave ovens, and so may be
prone to interference from them. This protocol has an approximate
maximum data throughput of: 11 Mbit/s (average is about 4.5 Mbit/
s in a typical networking environment). Select this mode if all your
clients are using ‘b’ and if you have moderate to low bandwidth
requirements.
•802.11g - This protocol is newer and marginally more robust than
its predecessor. Like the ‘b’ protocol, it, too, tends to overlap
frequencies with other kinds of devices (2.4 GHz) and is similarly
prone to interference from them. However, differences in how it
operates give it much higher bandwidth capabilities and ouptut
power. This protocol has an approximate maximum data throughput
of: 54 Mbit/s (average is about 19 Mbit/s in a typical networking
environment.) Select this mode if your clients are using ‘g’ or a mix
of ‘g’ and ‘b’ and if you have moderate to high bandwidth
requirements.
•802.11b/g - This is a hybrid protocol that incorporates all the
advantages of the individual protocols with few, if any, of their
drawbacks. More importantly, it does not suffer from interference
from other devices in its frequencey range. Select this method if you
have clients who are using either ‘b’, ‘g’, or both.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 36 ADVANCED > Wi-Fi Configuration > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 9
The VPN Transport Screens
9.1 Overview
This chapter describes the ADVANCED > VPN Transport screens, where you can
configure the WiMAX Device to allow traffic from multiple users to pass through
the WiMAX network to the service provider’s router. Each user has his own
personal connection to the service provider, even though there is only a single
WiMAX connection. This allows the service provider to identify which user traffic
comes from.
VPN stands for “Virtual Private Network”. There are many types of VPN; the type
used by the WiMAX Device is known as Virtual Private LAN Service, or VPLS.
Note: Unlike some other types of VPN (such as IPSec VPNs) VPLS VPNs do not use
authentication or encryption to secure the data they carry.
The following figure shows two users (A and B), connecting to the WiMAX Device
(Z) through a switch (S). Each user has his own connection over the WiMAX
network to the service provider’s router (R).
Figure 46 VPN Transport Example
Note: The services available may vary, depending upon the service provider.
A
BSZR
WiMAX
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9.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The General screen (Section 9.2 on page 116) lets you turn VPN transport on
or off, and to set the VPN transport endpoint (your service provider’s router).
•The Customer Interface screen (Section 9.3 on page 116) lets you specify
which users can use which WiMAX network links.
•The Ethernet Pseudowire screen (Section 9.4 on page 121) lets you configure
the links over the WiMAX network between the WiMAX Device and the service
provider’s router.
•The Statistics screen (Section 9.5 on page 124) lets you view performance
information about the VPN transport connections.
9.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Identifying Users
For the WiMAX Device’s VPN Transport feature to work, it must be able to identify
users on the LAN. It does this by examining VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
tags.
These tags must be added to the data packets by a switch on the LAN. In the
following example, two users (A and B) are connected to a switch (C). A and B
are connected to different ports on the switch (port 1 and port 2). A and B send
untagged packets to the switch. The switch adds tags to packets depending on the
physical port on which they arrive. Packets arriving on port 1 are given a VLAN ID
(VLAN IDentifier) of 1, and packets arriving on port 2 are given a VLAN ID of 2.
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When the packets reach the WiMAX Device (D), their source is identified by
examining their VLAN tags.
Figure 47 Identifying Users
9.1.3 Before You Begin
Before you start configuring your WiMAX Device to use VPN transport, ensure that
you have the following from the service provider:
•The IP address or domain name of the service provider’s edge router.
•Virtual circuit (VC) labels for each Ethernet Pseudowire you want to create.
•Also make sure that you know the VLAN IDs (Virtual LAN IDentifiers) of the
VLANs on your LAN.
A
B
PORT 1
PORT 2
PORT 1 VLAN 1
PORT 2 VLAN 2
12
CD
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9.2 General
Click ADVANCED >VPN Transport to turn VPN transport on or off and to set the
VPN transport endpoint (your service provider’s router).
Figure 48 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.3 Customer Interface
Customer interfaces connect data coming from your computers to Ethernet
pseudowires, according to the data’s VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
information. One customer interface is for traffic that has no tag; this is the
default interface (rule 0) which cannot be deleted in the GUI. All other customer
interfaces are identified by their VLAN ID.
Once the WiMAX Device has examined a frame’s VLAN tag, it is able to assign the
frame to a specified path. This is done using a customer interface. The customer
Table 37 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
L2/L3 VPN Transport General Setup
Transport L2/L3
VPN... Select this to turn the VPN transport feature on. Deselect it to turn the
VPN transport feature off.
Remote GRE
Tunnel End Enter the domain name or IP address of your service provider’s router.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
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interface is simply a set of information that takes frames from a VLAN and put
them on an Ethernet pseudowire, and vice versa.
In this example, the WiMAX Device takes frames tagged with two different VLAN
IDs (10 and 20) and using the customer interfaces, assigns them to specific
pseudowires (PW1 and PW2).
Figure 49 Pseudowire Mapping
The WiMAX Device has a default customer interface configured for frames that
arrive at the WiMAX Device without VLAN tags.
9.3.1 Multi-Protocol Label Switching
The WiMAX Device uses MPLS VPNs to create virtual private LANs. MPLS stands for
Multi-Protocol Label Switching, and is a packet-switching technology that allows
packets with different VLAN tags to be transported on different paths (known as
LSPs, or Label Switched Paths). Each packet is identified by its VLAN tag and sent
to a specific LSP for transport over the WiMAX network.
Each LSP has a defined start-point and end-point. Since MPLS creates mono-
directional paths (traffic flows in only one direction), each Ethernet pseudowire
uses two LSPs so that traffic can flow both ways. One LSP carries upstream traffic,
and the other carries downstream traffic.
9.3.2 Generic Routing Encapsulation
In order to transport the VPLS traffic over the WiMAX network, the WiMAX Device
uses the Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) protocol. Like MPLS, GRE is a
tunneling protocol that has specified endpoints. The GRE tunnel is bi-directional,
and transports both LSPs. The GRE tunnel runs across the WiMAX network
between the WiMAX Device and your service provider’s router.
VLAN 10 PW1
VLAN 20 PW2
10 20
PW1
PW2
1
2
WiMAX
R
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It is necessary to encapsulate the Ethernet pseudowire since the WiMAX
connection is IP-only. MPLS information is carried in a packet’s Ethernet header
and, without encapsulation, would be stripped from the packet prior to the
packet’s transmission over the WiMAX link.
The following figure shows the VPLS connection between your WiMAX Device (A)
and your service provider’s router (B), consisting of GRE-encapsulated Ethernet
pseudowire traffic.
Figure 50 VPLS Tunneling
9.3.3 Customer Interface Options
Click ADVANCED >VPN Transport > Customer Interface to configure the
VPNs used by the WiMAX Device.
Note: You cannot delete the Untagged entry. It is required for the WiMAX Device to
function properly.
Figure 51 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface
ETHERNET PSEUDOWIRES
GRE
TUNNEL
WiMAX CONNECTION
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The following table describes the icons in this screen.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Advanced> VPN Transport > Customer Interface
ICON DESCRIPTION
Edit
Click to edit this item.
Delete
Click to delete this item.
Table 39 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#The number of the item in this list.
ActiveThis icon is green if the associated interface is enabled. The icon is grey
if the associated interface is disabled. Enable or disable an interface by
clicking its Edit icon and selecting or deselecting Active and clicking
Apply in the screen that displays.
Interface
TypeThis displays either Tagged or Untagged. A tagged interface controls
traffic with a specific IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tag, whereas an untagged
interface controls traffic that does not have a VLAN tag. There can be
only one untagged interface.
VLAN IDFor a tagged interface, this displays the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID number.
For the untagged interface, -1 displays.
ModeThis displays either B (bridging) or R (routing). Only the default
interface, interface 0, can be a routing interface.
Associated
Ethernet
Pseudowire
(Ingress,
Egress)
This displays the number of the Ethernet pseudowire that this interface
uses, as well as the ingress and egress MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label
Switching) VC (Virtual Circuit) label numbers.
DSCPThis displays the DiffServ Control Point value you previously entered in
binary. This determines the pseudowire’s priority on the network. The
DSCP value is displayed in binary notation and has six bits.
Interface
Description This displays the information you previously entered describing the
interface. For the default interface, interface 0, the description reads
“for routing / NAT”.
ActionClick the Edit icon to set up a new interface or alter the configuration of
an existing interface.
Click the Delete icon to remove an existing interface.
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9.3.4 Customer Interface Setup
Click the Edit icon in the ADVANCED >VPN Transport > Customer Interface
screen to open the Customer Interface Setup.
Customer interfaces map traffic onto specific Ethernet pseudowires for transport
over the WiMAX network. There is also a default customer interface for routing
traffic that does not possess a VLAN tag.
Figure 52 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ActiveSelect to make this customer interface active. Deselect it to make
the customer interface inactive.
Customer Interface
TypeA customer interface can be tagged (controlling traffic that has a
specific VLAN ID) or untagged (controlling traffic without a specific
VLAN ID). There can be only one untagged interface.
VLAN IDEnter the Virtual Local Area Network Identifier number (1 ~ 4094)
for this interface. This VLAN ID must not be used by any other
customer interface.
For the untagged interface, -1 displays.
ModeThis displays Bridging or Routing. A tagged interface can operate
in bridging mode only.
Associated
Ethernet
Pseudowire
Select the Ethernet pseudowire this interface should use for
communications over the WiMAX network. You should configure the
pseudowire (in the ADVANCED >VPN Transport >Ethernet
Pseudowire screen) before you select it.
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9.4 Ethernet Pseudowire
Because VPLS mimics a simple wired Ethernet connection to your service
provider’s router, the connection between the WiMAX Device and the peer device
is known as an “Ethernet pseudowire” or “PW”.
The Ethernet pseudowires use MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) virtual circuit
labels to define the connection. In any such pseudowire, the ingress label on one
device must be the same as the egress label on the peer device, as shown in the
following figure. A is your WiMAX Device and B is your service provider’s router.
Figure 53 Ethernet Pseudowire Settings Example
Click ADVANCED >VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire to configure the
WiMAX Device’s Ethernet pseudowires.
Figure 54 Advance > VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire
DSCPIf you wish to prioritize an interface, enter a DiffServ Code Point
value of six bits in binary notation. The higher the value, the higher
the interface’s priority on the WiMAX Device’s WiMAX link.
Interface
Description Enter a brief (up to 31 characters) name or description for this
interface.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Table 40 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Customer Interface Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
INGRESS LABEL: X
EGRESS LABEL: Y
INGRESS LABEL: Y
EGRESS LABEL: X
PSEUDOWIRE
TO Y
TO X
A
B
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The following table describes the icons in this screen.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Advanced> VPN Transport > Customer Interface
ICON DESCRIPTION
Edit
Click to edit this item.
Delete
Click to delete this item.
Table 42 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#The number of the item in this list.
ActiveThis icon is green if the associated pseudowire is enabled. The
icon is grey if the associated pseudowire is disabled. Enable or
disable a pseudowire by clicking its Edit icon.
MPLS VC Label
IngressThis is the MPLS virtual circuit label number for traffic coming
from the peer device.
EgressThis is the MPLS virtual circuit label number for traffic going to the
peer device.
Pseudowire
Description This displays the information you previously entered describing
the pseudowire.
ActionClick the Edit icon to set up an Ethernet pseudowire or alter the
configuration of an existing Ethernet pseudowire.
Click the Delete icon to remove an existing Ethernet pseudowire.
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9.4.1 Ethernet Pseudowire Setup
Click a pseudowire entry’s Edit icon in the ADVANCED >VPN Transport >
Ethernet Pseudowire screen to set up or modify an Ethernet pseudowire’s
configuration.
Figure 55 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Ethernet Pseudowire Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ActiveSelect this to enable the pseudowire. Deselect it to disable the
pseudowire.
MPLS VC Label
IngressEnter the VC ingress label number for this pseudowire. This must
be the egress label number of the peer device. This should not
be the ingress label number of any other Ethernet pseudowire
configured on the WiMAX Device.
EgressEnter the egress label number for this pseudowire. This must be
the ingress label of the peer device. This should not be the
egress label number of any other Ethernet pseudowire
configured on the WiMAX Device.
Pseudowire
Description Enter a brief (up to 31 characters) description for this
pseudowire.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your
changes.
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9.5 Statistics
Click ADVANCED >VPN Transport > Statistics to view details and
performance information of each active customer interface and its associated
Ethernet pseudowire.
Figure 56 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44 ADVANCED > VPN Transport > Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#The number of the item in this list.
ActiveThis icon is green if the associated interface is enabled. The icon is
grey if the associated interface is disabled. Enable or disable an
interface by clicking its Edit icon.
Total PacketsThis displays the number of packets received (Receive) and sent
(Transmit) on the customer interface since the interface was
activated, or the Clear button pressed.
Total BytesThis displays the number of bytes received (Receive) and sent
(Transmit) on the customer interface since the interface was
activated, or the Clear button pressed.
Interface DescriptionThis is the brief name or description of the customer interface
configured in the ADVANCED >VPN Transport > Customer
InterfaceSetup screen.
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CHAPTER 10
The NAT Configuration Screens
10.1 Overview
Use these screens to configure port forwarding and trigger ports for the WiMAX
Device. You can also enable and disable SIP, FTP, and H.323 ALG.
Network Address Translation (NAT) maps a host’s IP address within one network
to a different IP address in another network. For example, you can use a NAT
router to map one IP address from your ISP to multiple private IP addresses for
the devices in your home network.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The General screen (Section 10.2 on page 125) lets you enable or disable NAT
and to allocate memory for NAT and firewall rules.
•The Port Forwarding screen (Section 10.3 on page 126) lets you look at the
current port-forwarding rules in the WiMAX Device, and to enable, disable,
activate, and deactivate each one.
•The Trigger Port screen (Section 10.4 on page 130) lets you maintain trigger
port forwarding rules for the WiMAX Device.
•The ALG screen (Section 10.5 on page 132) lets you enable and disable SIP
(VoIP), FTP (file transfer), and H.323 (audio-visual) ALG in the WiMAX Device.
10.2 General
Click ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General to enable or disable NAT and
to allocate memory for NAT and firewall rules.
Figure 57 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.3 Port Forwarding
A NAT server set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example,
web or FTP, that you can make accessible to the outside world even though NAT
makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the outside world.
Use the ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding screen to
forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You
may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and
the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for
example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for
unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for
example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port
numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A
service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is
forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is
simply discarded.
Table 45 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Network
Address Translation Select this if you want to use port forwarding, trigger ports, or any
of the ALG.
Max NAT/Firewall
Session Per User When computers use peer to peer applications, such as file
sharing applications, they may use a large number of NAT
sessions. If you do not limit the number of NAT sessions a single
client can establish, this can result in all of the available NAT
sessions being used. In this case, no additional NAT sessions can
be established, and users may not be able to access the Internet.
Each NAT session establishes a corresponding firewall session. Use
this field to limit the number of NAT/firewall sessions each client
computer can establish through the WiMAX Device.
If your network has a small number of clients using peer to peer
applications, you can raise this number to ensure that their
performance is not degraded by the number of NAT sessions they
can establish. If your network has a large number of users using
peer to peer applications, you can lower this number to ensure no
single client is using all of the available NAT sessions.
Apply Click to save your changes.
CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your
changes.
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For example, let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and
SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign
a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You
assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT
network appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 58 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
10.3.1 Port Forwarding Options
Click ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding to look at the
current port-forwarding rules in the WiMAX Device, and to enable, disable,
activate, and deactivate each one. You can also set up a default server to handle
ports not covered by rules.
Figure 59 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding
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The following table describes the icons in this screen.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Advanced> VPN Transport > Customer Interface
ICON DESCRIPTION
Edit
Click to edit this item.
Delete
Click to delete this item.
Table 47 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default Server Setup
Default Server Enter the IP address of the server to which the WiMAX Device should
forward packets for ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding
section below or in the TOOLS > Remote MGMT screens. Enter
0.0.0.0 if you want the WiMAX Device to discard these packets instead.
Port Forwarding
#The number of the item in this list.
Active Select this to enable this rule. Clear this to disable this rule.
Name This field displays the name of the rule. It does not have to be unique.
Start Port This field displays the beginning of the range of port numbers
forwarded by this rule.
End Port This field displays the end of the range of port numbers forwarded by
this rule. If it is the same as the Start Port, only one port number is
forwarded.
Server IP
Address This field displays the IP address of the server to which packet for the
selected port(s) are forwarded.
ActionClick the Edit icon to set up a port forwarding rule or alter the
configuration of an existing port forwarding rule.
Click the Delete icon to remove an existing port forwarding rule.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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10.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule Setup
Click a port forwarding rule’s Edit icon in the ADVANCED >NAT Configuration
>Port Forwarding screen to activate, deactivate, or edit it.
Figure 60 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding > Rule Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding > Rule Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this to enable this rule. Clear this to disable this rule.
Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule. You can use 1 - 31 printable ASCII
characters, or you can leave this field blank. It does not have to be a
unique name.
Start Port
End Port
Enter the port number or range of port numbers you want to forward to
the specified server.
To forward one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port
and End Port fields.
To forward a range of ports,
•enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start
Port field
•enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.
Server IP
Address Enter the IP address of the server to which to forward packets for the
selected port number(s). This server is usually on the LAN.
Apply Click to save your changes.
CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
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10.4 Trigger Port
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated
range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a
forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the
WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is
that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to
use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace
the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN
computer's IP address,
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to
dynamically take turns using the service. The WiMAX Device records the IP
address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with
a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the WiMAX Device's
WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol
("incoming" port), the WiMAX Device forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of
the computer that sent the request. After that computer’s connection for that
service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same
manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you
want a different LAN computer to use the application.
Click ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port to maintain trigger port
forwarding rules for the WiMAX Device.
Figure 61 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#The number of the item in this list.
Name Enter a name to identify this rule. You can use 1 - 15 printable ASCII
characters, or you can leave this field blank. It does not have to be a
unique name.
Incoming
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10.4.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example
The following is an example of trigger port forwarding. In this example, J is Jane’s
computer and S is the Real Audio server.
Figure 62 Trigger Port Forwarding Example
Start Port
End Port Enter the incoming port number or range of port numbers you want to
forward to the IP address the WiMAX Device records.
To forward one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port
and End Port fields.
To forward a range of ports,
•enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start
Port field
•enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.
If you want to delete this rule, enter zero in the Start Port and End
Port fields.
Trigger
Start Port
End Port Enter the outgoing port number or range of port numbers that makes
the WiMAX Device record the source IP address and assign it to the
selected incoming port number(s).
To select one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port and
End Port fields.
To select a range of ports,
•enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start
Port field
•enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.
If you want to delete this rule, enter zero in the Start Port and End
Port fields.
Apply Click to save your changes.
CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Table 49 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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1Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
2Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the WiMAX Device to record Jane’s
computer IP address. The WiMAX Device associates Jane's computer IP address
with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170.
3The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
4The WiMAX Device forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
5Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or
times out. The WiMAX Device times out in three minutes with UDP (User
Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol).
Two points to remember about trigger ports:
1Trigger events only happen on data that is coming from inside the WiMAX Device
and going to the outside.
2If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up
so that another computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.
10.5 ALG
Some applications, such as SIP, cannot operate through NAT (are NAT un-
friendly) because they embed IP addresses and port numbers in their packets’
data payload.
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). An
Application Layer Gateway (ALG) manages a specific protocol (such as SIP, H.323
or FTP) at the application layer.
A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP
addresses embedded in the data stream.
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Click ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALG to enable and disable SIP (VoIP),
FTP (file transfer), and H.323 (audio-visual) ALG in the WiMAX Device.
Figure 63 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALG
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALG
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable SIP ALG Select this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with port-
forwarding and port-triggering rules.
Enable FTP ALG Select this to make sure FTP (file transfer) works correctly with port-
forwarding and port-triggering rules.
Enable H.323
ALG Select this to make sure H.323 (audio-visual programs, such as
NetMeeting) works correctly with port-forwarding and port-triggering
rules.
Apply Click to save your changes.
CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
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CHAPTER 11
The System Configuration
Screens
11.1 Overview
Click ADVANCED > System Configuration to set up general system settings,
change the system mode, change the password, configure the DDNS server
settings, and set the current date and time.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The General screen (Section 11.2 on page 137) lets you change the WiMAX
Device’s mode, set up its system name, domain name, idle timeout, and
administrator password.
•The Dynamic DNS screen (Section 11.3 on page 138) lets you set up the
WiMAX Device as a dynamic DNS client.
•The Firmware screen (Section 11.4 on page 140) lets you upload new firmware
to the WiMAX Device.
•The Configuration screen (Section 11.5 on page 142) lets you back up or
restore the configuration of the WiMAX Device.
•The Restart screen (Section 11.6 on page 143) lets you restart your WiMAX
Device from within the web configurator.
11.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
System Name
The System Name is often used for identification purposes. Because some ISPs
check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name".
•In Windows 2000: Click Start > Settings > Control Panel and then double-
click the System icon. Select the Network Identification tab and then click
the Properties button. Note the entry for the Computer Name field and enter
it as the System Name.
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•In Windows XP: Click Start > My Computer > View system information and
then click the Computer Name tab. Note the entry in the Full computer
name field and enter it as the WiMAX Device System Name.
Domain Name
The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN. If
you leave this blank, the domain name obtained by DHCP from the ISP is used.
While you must enter the host name (System Name) on each individual computer,
the domain name can be assigned from the WiMAX Device via DHCP.
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is
204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must
know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The WiMAX Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways:
1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information
sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them
in the DNS Server fields in the SYSTEM General screen.
2If the ISP did not give you DNS server information, leave the DNS Server fields in
the SYSTEM General screen set to 0.0.0.0 for the ISP to dynamically assign the
DNS server IP addresses.
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11.2 General
Click ADVANCED > System Configuration > General to change the WiMAX
Device’s mode, set up its system name, domain name, idle timeout, and
administrator password.
Figure 64 ADVANCED > System Configuration > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 ADVANCED > System Configuration > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Setup
System NameEnter your computer's "Computer Name". This is for identification
purposes, but some ISPs also check this field. This name can be up to
30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes “-
” and underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain NameEnter the domain name entry that is propagated to DHCP clients on the
LAN. If you leave this blank, the domain name obtained from the ISP is
used. Use up to 38 alphanumeric characters. Spaces are not allowed,
but dashes “-” and periods "." are accepted.
Administrator
Inactivity Timer Enter the number of minutes a management session can be left idle
before the session times out. After it times out, you have to log in
again. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no
matter how long it has been left idle. This is not recommended. Long
idle timeouts may have security risks. The default is five minutes.
Password Setup
Old PasswordEnter the current password you use to access the WiMAX Device.
New PasswordEnter the new password for the WiMAX Device. You can use up to 30
characters. As you type the password, the screen displays an asterisk
(*) for each character you type.
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11.3 Dynamic DNS
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or
many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-
SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own
computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a
name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that
changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with
www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP
server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service
provider will give you a password or key.
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be
aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if
you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach
your hostname.
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
Retype to
Confirm Enter the new password again.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 51 ADVANCED > System Configuration > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Click ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS to set up the
WiMAX Device as a dynamic DNS client.
Figure 65 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Dynamic DNS Setup
Enable Dynamic
DNS Select this to use dynamic DNS.
Service
Provider Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Dynamic DNS
Type Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic
DNS service provider.
Host Name Enter the host name. You can specify up to two host names, separated
by a comma (",").
User Name Enter your user name.
Password Enter the password assigned to you.
Enable Wildcard
Option Select this to enable the DynDNS Wildcard feature.
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11.4 Firmware
Click ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware to upload new
firmware to the WiMAX Device. Firmware files usually use the system model name
with a "*.bin" extension, such as "WiMAX Device.bin". The upload process uses
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a
successful upload, the system will reboot.
Contact your service provider for information on available firmware upgrades.
Note: Only use firmware for your WiMAX Device’s specific model.
Figure 66 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware
Enable offline
option This field is available when CustomDNS is selected in the DDNS Type
field. Select this if your Dynamic DNS service provider redirects traffic
to a URL that you can specify while you are off line. Check with your
Dynamic DNS service provider.
IP Address Update Policy
Use WAN IP
Address Select this if you want the WiMAX Device to update the domain name
with the WAN port's IP address.
Dynamic DNS
server auto
detect IP
address
Select this if you want the DDNS server to update the IP address of the
host name(s) automatically. Select this optionwhen there are one or
more NAT routers between the WiMAX Device and the DDNS server.
Note: The DDNS server may not be able to detect the proper IP
address if there is an HTTP proxy server between the
WiMAX Device and the DDNS server.
Use specified IP
address Select this if you want to use the specified IP address with the host
name(s). Then, specify the IP address. Use this option if you have a
static IP address.
ApplyClick to save your changes.
ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 52 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.4.1 The Firmware Upload Process
When the WiMAX Device uploads new firmware, the process usually takes about
two minutes. The device also automatically restarts in this time. This causes a
temporary network disconnect.
Note: Do not turn off the device while firmware upload is in progress!
After two minutes, log in again, and check your new firmware version in the
Status screen. You might have to open a new browser window to log in.
If the upload is not successful, you will be notified by error message.
Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen.
Table 53 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware
LABEL DESCRIPTION
File Path Enter the location of the *.bin file you want to upload, or click
Browse... to find it. You must decompress compressed (.zip) files
before you can upload them.
Browse... Click this to find the *.bin file you want to upload.
Upload Click this to begin uploading the selected file. This may take up to two
minutes.
Note: Do not turn off the device while firmware upload is in
progress!
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11.5 Configuration
Click ADVANCED > System Configuration > Configuration to back up or
restore the configuration of the WiMAX Device. You can also use this screen to
reset the WiMAX Device to the factory default settings.
Figure 67 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Configuration
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 54 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Backup Configuration
Backup Click this to save the WiMAX Device’s current configuration to a file on
your computer. Once your device is configured and functioning
properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration
file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file
is useful if you need to return to your previous settings.
Restore Configuration
File PathEnter the location of the file you want to upload, or click Browse... to
find it.
BrowseClick this to find the file you want to upload.
UploadClick this to restore the selected configuration file.
Note: Do not turn off the device while configuration file upload is in
progress.
Back to Factory Defaults
Reset Click this to clear all user-entered configuration information and return
the WiMAX Device to its factory defaults. There is no warning screen.
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11.5.1 The Restore Configuration Process
When the WiMAX Device restores a configuration file, the device automatically
restarts. This causes a temporary network disconnect.
Note: Do not turn off the device while configuration file upload is in progress.
If the WiMAX Device’s IP address is different in the configuration file you selected,
you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same
subnet as that of the default management IP address (192.168.5.1). See the
Quick Start Guide or the appendices for details on how to set up your computer’s
IP address.
You might have to open a new browser to log in again.
If the upload was not successful, you are notified by Configuration Upload
Error message:
Click Return to go back to the Configuration screen.
11.6 Restart
Click ADVANCED > System Configuration > Restart to reboot the WiMAX
Device without turning the power off.
Note: Restarting the WiMAX Device does not affect its configuration.
Figure 68 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Restart
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 55 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Restart Click this button to have the device perform a software restart. The
Power LED blinks as it restarts and the shines steadily if the restart is
successful.
Note: Wait one minute before logging back into the WiMAX Device
after a restart.
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11.6.1 The Restart Process
When you click Restart, the the process usually takes about two minutes. Once
the restart is complete you can log in again.
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PART IV
Voice Screens
The Service Configuration Screens (147)
The Phone Screens (165)
The Phone Book Screens (175)
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CHAPTER 12
The Service Configuration
Screens
12.1 Overview
The VOICE > Service Configuration screens allow you to set up your voice
accounts and configure your QoS settings.
VoIP (Voice over IP) is the sending of voice signals over the Internet Protocol. This
allows you to make phone calls and send faxes over the Internet at a fraction of
the cost of using the traditional circuit-switched telephone network. You can also
use servers to run telephone service applications like PBX services and voice mail.
Internet Telephony Service Provider (ITSP) companies provide VoIP service. A
company could alternatively set up an IP-PBX and provide it’s own VoIP service.
Circuit-switched telephone networks require 64 kilobits per second (kbps) in each
direction to handle a telephone call. VoIP can use advanced voice coding
techniques with compression to reduce the required bandwidth.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The SIP Settings screen (Section 12.2 on page 149) lets you setup and
maintain your SIP account(s) in the WiMAX Device.
•The Advanced SIP Settings screen (Section 12.2.1 on page 151) lets you set
up and maintain advanced settings for each SIP account
•The QoS screen (Section 12.3 on page 158) lets you set up and maintain ToS
and VLAN settings for the WiMAX Device.
12.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
SIP
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling)
protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and
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multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP signaling is separate from the media
for which it handles sessions. The media that is exchanged during the session can
use a different path from that of the signaling. SIP handles telephone calls and can
interface with traditional circuit-switched telephone networks.
SIP Identities
A SIP account uses an identity (sometimes referred to as a SIP address). A
complete SIP identity is called a SIP URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). A SIP
account's URI identifies the SIP account in a way similar to the way an e-mail
address identifies an e-mail account. The format of a SIP identity is SIP-
Number@SIP-Service-Domain.
SIP Number
The SIP number is the part of the SIP URI that comes before the “@” symbol. A
SIP number can use letters like in an e-mail address (johndoe@your-ITSP.com for
example) or numbers like a telephone number (1122334455@VoIP-provider.com
for example).
SIP Service Domain
The SIP service domain of the VoIP service provider (the company that lets you
make phone calls over the Internet) is the domain name in a SIP URI. For
example, if the SIP address is 1122334455@VoIP-provider.com, then “VoIP-
provider.com” is the SIP service domain.
SIP Register Server
A SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or
domain name) mapping. The register server checks your user name and password
when you register.
RTP
When you make a VoIP call using SIP, the RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) is
used to handle voice data transfer. See RFC 1889 for details on RTP.
Use NAT
If you know the NAT router’s public IP address and SIP port number, you can use
the Use NAT feature to manually configure the WiMAX Device to use a them in the
SIP messages. This eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. You must also
configure the NAT router to forward traffic with this port number to the WiMAX
Device.
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12.1.3 Before you Begin
•Ensure that you have all of your voice account information on hand. If not,
contact your voice account service provider to find out which settings in this
chapter you should configure in order to use your telephone with the WiMAX
Device.
•Connect your WiMAX Device to the Internet, as described in the Quick Start
Guide. If you have not already done so, then you will not be able to test your
VoIP settings.
12.2 SIP Settings
Click VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting to setup and maintain
your SIP account(s) in the WiMAX Device. Your VoIP or Internet service provider
should provide you with your account information. You can also enable and disable
each SIP account.
Figure 69 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SIP Account Select the SIP account you want to see in this screen. If you change this
field, the screen automatically refreshes.
SIP Settings
Active SIP
Account Select this if you want the WiMAX Device to use this account. Clear it if
you do not want the WiMAX Device to use this account.
NumberEnter your SIP number. In the full SIP URI, this is the part before the @
symbol. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII characters.
SIP Local
Port Enter the WiMAX Device’s listening port number, if your VoIP service
provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.
SIP Server
Address Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP server provided by
your VoIP service provider. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII
characters. It does not matter whether the SIP server is a proxy,
redirect or register server.
SIP Server
Port Enter the SIP server’s listening port number, if your VoIP service
provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.
REGISTER
Server
Address
Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP register server, if your
VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, enter the same address
you entered in the SIP Server Address field. You can use up to 95
printable ASCII characters.
REGISTER
Server Port Enter the SIP register server’s listening port number, if your VoIP
service provider gave you one. Otherwise, enter the same port number
you entered in the SIP Server Port field.
SIP Service
Domain Enter the SIP service domain name. In the full SIP URI, this is the part
after the @ symbol. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII Extended
set characters.
Send Caller IDSelect this if you want to send identification when you make VoIP phone
calls. Clear this if you do not want to send identification.
Authentication
User NameEnter the user name for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was
given to you. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters.
PasswordEnter the user name for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was
given to you. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII Extended set
characters.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Click this to edit the advanced settings for this SIP account. The
Advanced SIP Settings screen appears.
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12.2.1 Advanced SIP Settings
This section describes the features of the Advanced SIP settings screen.
12.2.1.1 STUN
STUN (Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through Network
Address Translators) allows the WiMAX Device to find the presence and types of
NAT routers and/or firewalls between it and the public Internet. STUN also allows
the WiMAX Device to find the public IP address that NAT assigned, so the WiMAX
Device can embed it in the SIP data stream. STUN does not work with symmetric
NAT routers or firewalls. See RFC 3489 for details on STUN.
The following figure shows how STUN works.
1The WiMAX Device (A) sends SIP packets to the STUN server (B).
2The STUN server (B) finds the public IP address and port number that the NAT
router used on the WiMAX Device’s SIP packets and sends them to the WiMAX
Device.
3The WiMAX Device uses the public IP address and port number in the SIP packets
that it sends to the SIP server (C).
Figure 70 STUN
12.2.1.2 Outbound Proxy
Your VoIP service provider may host a SIP outbound proxy server to handle all of
the WiMAX Device’s VoIP traffic. This allows the WiMAX Device to work with any
type of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off a SIP
ALG on a NAT router in front of the WiMAX Device to keep it from re-translating
the IP address (since this is already handled by the outbound proxy server).
A
B
C
NAT
1
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12.2.1.3 Voice Coding
A codec (coder/decoder) codes analog voice signals into digital signals and
decodes the digital signals back into voice signals. The WiMAX Device supports the
following codecs.
•G.711 is a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) waveform codec. PCM measures
analog signal amplitudes at regular time intervals (sampling) and converts them
into digital bits (quantization). Quantization “reads” the analog signal and then
“writes” it to the nearest digital value. For this reason, a digital sample is usually
slightly different from its analog original (this difference is known as
“quantization noise”). G.711 provides excellent sound quality but requires
64kbps of bandwidth.
•G.723 is an Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) waveform
codec. Differential (or Delta) PCM is similar to PCM, but encodes the audio signal
based on the difference between one sample and a prediction based on previous
samples, rather than encoding the sample’s actual quantized value. Many
thousands of samples are taken each second, and the differences between
consecutive samples are usually quite small, so this saves space and reduces
the bandwidth necessary.
However, DPCM produces a high quality signal (high signal-to-noise ratio or
SNR) for high difference signals (where the actual signal is very different from
what was predicted) but a poor quality signal (low SNR) for low difference
signals (where the actual signal is very similar to what was predicted). This is
because the level of quantization noise is the same at all signal levels. Adaptive
DPCM solves this problem by adapting the difference signal’s level of
quantization according to the audio signal’s strength. A low difference signal is
given a higher quantization level, increasing its signal-to-noise ratio. This
provides a similar sound quality at all signal levels. G.723 provides high quality
sound and requires 20 or 40 kbps.
•G.729 is an Analysis-by-Synthesis (AbS) hybrid waveform codec. It uses a filter
based on information about how the human vocal tract produces sounds. The
codec analyzes the incoming voice signal and attempts to synthesize it using its
list of voice elements. It tests the synthesized signal against the original and, if
it is acceptable, transmits details of the voice elements it used to make the
synthesis. Because the codec at the receiving end has the same list, it can
exactly recreate the synthesized audio signal.G.729 provides good sound quality
and reduces the required bandwidth to 8kbps.
12.2.1.4 MWI (Message Waiting Indication)
Enable Message Waiting Indication (MWI) enables your phone to give you a
message–waiting (beeping) dial tone when you have one or more voice messages.
Your VoIP service provider must have a messaging system that sends message-
waiting-status SIP packets as defined in RFC 3842.
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12.2.1.5 Advanced SIP Settings Options
Click Advanced in VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings to set up
and maintain advanced settings for each SIP account.
Figure 71 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 57 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SIP Server Settings
URL TypeSelect whether or not to include the SIP service domain name when the
WiMAX Device sends the SIP number.
•SIP - include the SIP service domain name
•TEL - do not include the SIP service domain name
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Expiration
Duration Enter the number of seconds your SIP account is registered with the
SIP register server before it is deleted. The WiMAX Device automatically
tries to re-register your SIP account when one-half of this time has
passed. (The SIP register server might have a different expiration.)
Register Re-
send timer Enter the number of seconds the WiMAX Device waits before it tries
again to register the SIP account, if the first try failed or if there is no
response.
Session ExpiresEnter the number of seconds the conversation can last before the call is
automatically disconnected. Usually, when one-half of this time has
passed, the WiMAX Device or the other party updates this timer to
prevent this from happening.
Min-SEEnter the minimum number of seconds the WiMAX Device accepts for a
session expiration time when it receives a request to start a SIP
session. If the request has a shorter time, the WiMAX Device rejects it.
RTP Port Range
Start Port
End Port
Enter the listening port number(s) for RTP traffic, if your VoIP service
provider gave you this information. Otherwise, keep the default values.
To enter one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port and
End Port fields.
To enter a range of ports:
•Type the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start
Port field
•Type the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.
Voice Compression
Primary,
Secondary, and
Third
Compression
Select the type of voice coder/decoder (codec) that you want the
WiMAX Device to use.
G.711 provides high voice quality but requires more bandwidth (64
kbps).
•G.711A is typically used in Europe.
•G.711u is typically used in North America and Japan.
•G.723 provides good voice quality, and requires 20 or 40 kbps.
•G.729 requires only 8 kbps.
The WiMAX Device must use the same codec as the peer. When two SIP
devices start a SIP session, they must agree on a codec.
For more on voice compression, see Voice Coding on page152
DTMF Mode Control how the WiMAX Device handles the tones that your telephone
makes when you push its buttons. You should use the same mode your
VoIP service provider uses.
•RFC 2833 - send the DTMF tones in RTP packets
•PCM - send the DTMF tones in the voice data stream. This method
works best when you are using a codec that does not use
compression (like G.711). Codecs that use compression (like G.729)
can distort the tones.
•SIP INFO - send the DTMF tones in SIP messages
STUN
Table 57 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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ActiveSelect this if all of the following conditions are satisfied.
•There is a NAT router between the WiMAX Device and the SIP
server.
•The NAT router is not a SIP ALG.
•Your VoIP service provider gave you an IP address or domain name
for a STUN server.
•Otherwise, clear this field.
Server AddressEnter the IP address or domain name of the STUN server provided by
your VoIP service provider.
Server PortEnter the STUN server’s listening port, if your VoIP service provider
gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.
Use NAT
ActiveSelect this if you want the WiMAX Device to send SIP traffic to a specific
NAT router. You must also configure the NAT router to forward traffic
with the specified port to the WiMAX Device. This eliminates the need
for STUN or a SIP ALG.
Server AddressEnter the public IP address or domain name of the NAT router.
Server PortEnter the port number that your SIP sessions use with the public IP
address of the NAT router.
Outbound Proxy
ActiveSelect this if your VoIP service provider has a SIP outbound server to
handle voice calls. This allows the WiMAX Device to work with any type
of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off
any SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of the WiMAX Device to keep it
from re-translating the IP address (since this is already handled by the
outbound proxy server).
Server AddressEnter the IP address or domain name of the SIP outbound proxy server.
Server PortEnter the SIP outbound proxy server’s listening port, if your VoIP
service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.
NAT Keep Alive
ActiveSelect this to stop NAT routers between the WiMAX Device and SIP
server (a SIP proxy server or outbound proxy server) from dropping the
SIP session. The WiMAX Device does this by sending SIP notify
messages to the SIP server based on the specified interval.
Keep Alive with
SIP Proxy Select this if the SIP server is a SIP proxy server.
Keep Alive with
Outbound Proxy Select this if the SIP server is an outbound proxy server. You must
enable Outbound Proxy to use this.
Keep Alive
Interval Enter how often (in seconds) the WiMAX Device should send SIP notify
messages to the SIP server.
MWI (Message Waiting Indication)
EnableSelect this if you want to hear a waiting (beeping) dial tone on your
phone when you have at least one voice message. Your VoIP service
provider must support this feature.
Table 57 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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12.2.1.6 Custom Tones (IVR)
IVR (Interactive Voice Response) is a feature that allows you to use your
telephone to interact with the WiMAX Device. The WiMAX Device allows you to
record custom tones for the Caller Ringing Tone and On Hold Tone functions.
The same recordings apply to both the caller ringing and on hold tones.
Expiration TimeKeep the default value, unless your VoIP service provider tells you to
change it. Enter the number of seconds the SIP server should provide
the message waiting service each time the WiMAX Device subscribes to
the service. Before this time passes, the WiMAX Device automatically
subscribes again.
Fax Option
G.711 Fax
Passthrough Select this if the WiMAX Device should use G.711 to send fax messages.
The peer devices must also use G.711.
T.38 Fax RelaySelect this if the WiMAX Device should send fax messages as UDP or
TCP/IP packets through IP networks. This provides better quality, but it
may have inter-operability problems. The peer devices must also use
T.38.
Call Forward
Call Forward
Table Select which call forwarding table you want the WiMAX Device to use for
incoming calls. You set up these tables in VOICE > Phone Book >
Incoming Call Policy.
Caller Ringing
EnableCheck this box if you want people to hear a customized recording when
they call you.
Caller Ringing
Tone Select the tone you want people to hear when they call you. See
Custom Tones (IVR) on page156 for information on how to record
these tones.
On Hold
EnableCheck this box if you want people to hear a customized recording when
you put them on hold.
On Hold ToneSelect the tone you want people to hear when you put them on hold.
See Custom Tones (IVR) on page156 for information on how to record
these tones.
BackClick this to return to the SIP Settings screen without saving your
changes.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 57 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 58 Custom Tones Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Total Time for All Tones128 seconds for all custom tones combined
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Use the following steps if you would like to create new tones or change your
tones:
1Pick up the phone and press **** on your phone’s keypad and wait for the
message that says you are in the configuration menu.
2Press a number from 1101~1108 on your phone followed by the # key.
3Play your desired music or voice recording into the receiver’s mouthpiece. Press
the # key.
4You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the
receiver when you are done.
Do the following to listen to a custom tone:
1Pick up the phone and press **** on your phone’s keypad and wait for the
message that says you are in the configuration menu.
2Press a number from 1201~1208 followed by the # key to listen to the tone.
3You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the
receiver when you are done.
Do the following to delete a custom tone:
1Pick up the phone and press **** on your phone’s keypad and wait for the
message that says you are in the configuration menu.
2Press a number from 1301~1308 followed by the # key to delete the tone of your
choice. Press 14 followed by the # key if you wish to clear all your custom tones.
3You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the
receiver when you are done.
Maximum Time per
Individual Tone 20 seconds
Total Number of Tones
Recordable 8
You can record up to eight different custom tones but the total
time must be 128 seconds or less.
Table 58 Custom Tones Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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12.3 QoS
Network traffic can be classified by setting the ToS (Type Of Service) values at the
data source (for example, at the WiMAX Device) so a server can decide the best
method of delivery, that is the least cost, fastest route and so on.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Only stations within the same group can communicate
with each other.
Your WiMAX Device can add IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID tags to voice frames that it
sends to the network. This allows the WiMAX Device to communicate with a SIP
server that is a member of the same VLAN group. Some ISPs use the VLAN tag to
identify voice traffic and give it priority over other traffic.
Click VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS to set up and maintain ToS and
VLAN settings for the WiMAX Device. QoS (Quality of Service) refers to both a
network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay and the networking methods
used to provide bandwidth for real-time multimedia applications.
Figure 72 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TDS
SIP TOS Priority
Setting Enter the priority for SIP voice transmissions. The WiMAX Device
creates Type of Service priority tags with this priority to voice traffic
that it transmits.
RTP TOS
Priority Setting Enter the priority for RTP voice transmissions. The WiMAX Device
creates Type of Service priority tags with this priority to RTP traffic that
it transmits.
VLAN Tagging
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12.4 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX
Device features described in this chapter.
12.4.1 SIP Call Progression
The following figure displays the basic steps in the setup and tear down of a SIP
call. A calls B.
1A sends a SIP INVITE request to B. This message is an invitation for B to
participate in a SIP telephone call.
2B sends a response indicating that the telephone is ringing.
3B sends an OK response after the call is answered.
4A then sends an ACK message to acknowledge that B has answered the call.
5Now A and B exchange voice media (talk).
Voice VLAN IDSelect this if the WiMAX Device has to be a member of a VLAN to
communicate with the SIP server. Ask your network administrator, if
you are not sure. Enter the VLAN ID provided by your network
administrator in the field on the right. Your LAN and gateway must be
configured to use VLAN tags.
Otherwise, clear this field.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 59 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 60 SIP Call Progression
A B
1. INVITE
2. Ringing
3. OK
4. ACK
5.Dialogue (voice
traffic)
6. BYE
7. OK
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6After talking, A hangs up and sends a BYE request.
7B replies with an OK response confirming receipt of the BYE request and the call is
terminated.
12.4.2 SIP Client Server
SIP is a client-server protocol. A SIP client is an application program or device that
sends SIP requests. A SIP server responds to the SIP requests.
When you use SIP to make a VoIP call, it originates at a client and terminates at a
server. A SIP client could be a computer or a SIP phone. One device can act as
both a SIP client and a SIP server.
12.4.3 SIP User Agent
A SIP user agent can make and receive VoIP telephone calls. This means that SIP
can be used for peer-to-peer communications even though it is a client-server
protocol. In the following figure, either A or B can act as a SIP user agent client to
initiate a call. A and B can also both act as a SIP user agent to receive the call.
Figure 73 SIP User Agent
12.4.4 SIP Proxy Server
A SIP proxy server receives requests from clients and forwards them to another
server.
In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is
using client device C.
1The client device (A in the figure) sends a call invitation to the SIP proxy server
(B).
AB
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2The SIP proxy server forwards the call invitation to C.
Figure 74 SIP Proxy Server
12.4.5 SIP Redirect Server
A SIP redirect server accepts SIP requests, translates the destination address to
an IP address and sends the translated IP address back to the device that sent the
request. Then the client device that originally sent the request can send requests
to the IP address that it received back from the redirect server. Redirect servers
do not initiate SIP requests.
In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is
using client device C.
1Client device A sends a call invitation for C to the SIP redirect server (B).
2The SIP redirect server sends the invitation back to A with C’s IP address (or
domain name).
AC
B
12
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3Client device A then sends the call invitation to client device C.
Figure 75 SIP Redirect Server
12.4.6 NAT and SIP
The WiMAX Device must register its public IP address with a SIP register server. If
there is a NAT router between the WiMAX Device and the SIP register server, the
WiMAX Device probably has a private IP address. The WiMAX Device lists its IP
address in the SIP message that it sends to the SIP register server. NAT does not
translate this IP address in the SIP message. The SIP register server gets the
WiMAX Device’s IP address from inside the SIP message and maps it to your SIP
identity. If the WiMAX Device has a private IP address listed in the SIP message,
the SIP server cannot map it to your SIP identity. See Chapter10 The NAT
Configuration Screens for more information.
Use a SIP ALG (Application Layer Gateway), Use NAT, STUN, or outbound proxy to
allow the WiMAX Device to list its public IP address in the SIP messages.
12.4.7 DiffServ
DiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive
specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route
based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ
Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the
intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently
depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember
state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a
particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.
A
C
B
1
3
2
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12.4.8 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of
Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and
a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure
illustrates the DS field.
Figure 76 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so
that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the
DSCP mapping.
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior),
that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule,
different kinds of traffic can be marked for different priorities of forwarding.
Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured
policies.
DSCP
(6-bit)
Unused
(2-bit)
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CHAPTER 13
The Phone Screens
13.1 Overview
Use the VOICE > Phone screens to configure the volume, echo cancellation, VAD
settings and custom tones for the phone port on the WiMAX Device. You can also
select which SIP account to use for making outgoing calls.
13.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The Analog Phone screen (Section 13.2 on page 166) lets you control which
SIP accounts each phone uses.
•The Common screen (Section 13.3 on page 169) lets you activate and
deactivate immediate dialing.
•The Region screen (Section 13.4 on page 170) lets you maintain settings that
often depend on the region of the world in which the WiMAX Device is located.
13.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression/Comfort Noise
Voice Activity Detection (VAD) detects whether or not speech is present. This lets
the WiMAX Device reduce the bandwidth that a call uses by not transmitting
“silent packets” when you are not speaking.
When using VAD, the WiMAX Device generates comfort noise when the other party
is not speaking. The comfort noise lets you know that the line is still connected as
total silence could easily be mistaken for a lost connection.
Echo Cancellation
G.168 is an ITU-T standard for eliminating the echo caused by the sound of your
voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.
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Supplementary Phone Services Overview
Supplementary services such as call hold, call waiting, call transfer, etc. are
generally available from your VoIP service provider. The WiMAX Device supports
the following services:
•Call Hold
•Call Waiting
•Making a Second Call
•Call Transfer
•Call Forwarding
•Three-Way Conference
•Internal Calls
•Caller ID
•CLIP (Calling Line Identification Presentation)
•CLIR (Calling Line Identification Restriction)
Note: To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available though
the WiMAX Device's phone port, you may need to subscribe to the services
from your VoIP service provider.
13.2 Analog Phone
Click VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone to control which SIP accounts each
phone uses.
Figure 77 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Phone Port
Settings Select the phone port you want to see in this screen. If you change this
field, the screen automatically refreshes.
Outgoing Call Use
SIP1Select this if you want this phone port to use the SIP1 account when it
makes calls. If you select both SIP accounts, the WiMAX Device tries to
use SIP2 first.
SIP2Select this if you want this phone port to use the SIP2 account when it
makes calls. If you select both SIP accounts, the WiMAX Device tries to
use SIP2 first.
Incoming Call apply to
SIP1Select this if you want to receive phone calls for the SIP1 account on
this phone port. If you select more than one source for incoming calls,
there is no way to distinguish between them when you receive phone
calls.
SIP2Select this if you want to receive phone calls for the SIP2 account on
this phone port. If you select more than one source for incoming calls,
there is no way to distinguish between them when you receive phone
calls.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Setup Click this to edit the advanced settings for this phone port. The
Advanced Analog Phone Setup screen appears.
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13.2.1 Advanced Analog Phone Setup
Click the Advanced button in VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone to edit
advanced settings for each phone port.
Figure 78 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 62 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Voice Volume Control
Speaking
Volume Enter the loudness that the WiMAX Device uses for speech that it sends
to the peer device. -1 is the quietest, and 1 is the loudest.
Listening
Volume Enter the loudness that the WiMAX Device uses for speech that it
receives from the peer device. -1 is the quietest, and 1 is the loudest.
Echo Cancellation
G.168 ActiveSelect this if you want to eliminate the echo caused by the sound of
your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.
Dialing Interval Select
Dialing Interval
Select Enter the number of seconds the WiMAX Device should wait after you
stop dialing numbers before it makes the phone call. The value depends
on how quickly you dial phone numbers.
If you select Active Immediate Dial in VOICE > Phone > Common,
you can press the pound key (#) to tell the WiMAX Device to make the
phone call immediately, regardless of this setting.
VAD SupportSelect this if the WiMAX Device should stop transmitting when you are
not speaking. This reduces the bandwidth the WiMAX Device uses.
Note: The G.711 codec does not support this feature.
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13.3 Common
Click VOICE > Phone > Common to activate and deactivate immediate dialing.
Figure 79 VOICE > Phone > Common
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
BackClick this to return to the Analog Phone screen without saving your
changes.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 62 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 63 VOICE > Phone > Common
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active
Immediate Dial Select this if you want to use the pound key (#) to tell the WiMAX
Device to make the phone call immediately, instead of waiting the
number of seconds you selected in the Dialing Interval Select in
VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone.
If you select this, dial the phone number, and then press the pound key
if you do not want to wait. The WiMAX Device makes the call
immediately.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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13.4 Region
Click VOICE > Phone > Region to maintain settings that often depend on the
region of the world in which the WiMAX Device is located.
Figure 80 VOICE > Phone > Region
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
13.5 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX
Device features described in this chapter.
13.5.1 The Flash Key
Flashing means to press the hook for a short period of time (a few hundred
milliseconds) before releasing it. On newer telephones, there should be a "flash"
key (button) that generates the signal electronically. If the flash key is not
available, you can tap (press and immediately release) the hook by hand to
achieve the same effect. However, using the flash key is preferred since the
timing is much more precise. The WiMAX Device may interpret manual tapping as
hanging up if the duration is too long
Table 64 VOICE > Phone > Region
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Region Settings Select the place in which the WiMAX Device is located. Do not select
Default.
Call Service
Mode Select the mode for supplementary phone services (call hold, call
waiting, call transfer and three-way conference calls) that your VoIP
service provider supports.
•Europe Type - use supplementary phone services in European
mode
•USA Type - use supplementary phone services American mode
You might have to subscribe to these services to use them. Contact
your VoIP service provider.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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You can invoke all the supplementary services by using the flash key.
13.5.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services
This section describes how to use supplementary phone services with the Europe
TypeCall Service Mode. Commands for supplementary services are listed in the
table below.
After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the
default sub-command timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid sub-
command, the current operation will be aborted.
European Call Hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key.
If you have another call, press the flash key and then “2” to switch back and forth
between caller A and B by putting either one on hold.
Press the flash key and then “0” to disconnect the call presently on hold and keep
the current call on line.
Press the flash key and then “1” to disconnect the current call and resume the call
on hold.
If you hang up the phone but a caller is still on hold, there will be a remind ring.
European Call Waiting allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another
incoming call on the same telephone (directory) number.
If there is a second call to a telephone number, you will hear a call waiting tone.
Take one of the following actions.
Table 65 European Type Flash Key Commands
COMMAND SUB-
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
Flash Put a current call on hold to place a second call.
Switch back to the call (if there is no second call).
Flash0Drop the call presently on hold or reject an incoming call
which is waiting for answer.
Flash1Disconnect the current phone connection and answer the
incoming call or resume with caller presently on hold.
Flash21. Switch back and forth between two calls.
2. Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.
3. Separate the current three-way conference call into
two individual calls (one is on-line, the other is on hold).
Flash3Create three-way conference connection.
Flash *98#Transfer the call to another phone.
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•Reject the second call.
Press the flash key and then press “0”.
•Disconnect the first call and answer the second call.
Either press the flash key and press “1”, or just hang up the phone and then
answer the phone after it rings.
•Put the first call on hold and answer the second call.
Press the flash key and then “2”.
European Call Transfer allows you to transfer an incoming call (that you have
answered) to another phone. To do so:
1Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.
2When you hear the dial tone, dial “*98#” followed by the number to which you
want to transfer the call. to operate the Intercom.
3After you hear the ring signal or the second party answers it, hang up the phone.
European Three-Way Conference allows you to make three-way conference calls.
To do so:
1When you are on the phone talking to someone, place the flash key to put the
caller on hold and get a dial tone.
2Dial a phone number directly to make another call.
3When the second call is answered, press the flash key and press “3” to create a
three-way conversation.
4Hang up the phone to drop the connection.
5If you want to separate the activated three-way conference into two individual
connections (one is on-line, the other is on hold), press the flash key and press
“2”.
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13.5.3 USA Type Supplementary Services
This section describes how to use supplementary phone services with the USA
TypeCall Service Mode. Commands for supplementary services are listed in the
table below.
After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the
default sub-command timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid sub-
command, the current operation will be aborted.
USA Call Hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key.
If you have another call, press the flash key to switch back and forth between
caller A and B by putting either one on hold.
If you hang up the phone but a caller is still on hold, there will be a remind ring.
USA Call Waiting allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another
incoming call on the same telephone (directory) number.
If there is a second call to your telephone number, you will hear a call waiting
tone.
Press the flash key to put the first call on hold and answer the second call.
USA Call Transfer allows you to transfer an incoming call (that you have
answered) to another phone. To do so:
1Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.
2When you hear the dial tone, dial “*98#” followed by the number to which you
want to transfer the call. to operate the Intercom.
3After you hear the ring signal or the second party answers it, hang up the phone.
Table 66 USA Type Flash Key Commands
COMMAND SUB-
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
Flash Put a current call on hold to place a second call. After the
second call is successful, press the flash key again to
have a three-way conference call.
Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.
Flash *98#Transfer the call to another phone.
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USA Three-Way Conference allows you to make three-way conference calls. To
do so:
1When you are making a call, press the flash key to put the call on hold and get a
dial tone.
2Dial a phone number to make a second call.
3When the second call is answered, press the flash key to create a three-way
conversation.
4If you want to separate the three-way conference into two individual calls (one
call is online, the other is on hold), press the flash key. The first call is online and
the second call is on hold. Pressing the flash key again will recreate the three-way
conversation. The next time you press the flash key, the second call is online and
the first call is on hold.
5Hang up the phone to drop the connection.
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CHAPTER 14
The Phone Book Screens
14.1 Overview
The VOICE > Phone Book screens allow you to configure the WiMAX Device’s
phone book for making VoIP calls.
14.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The Incoming Call Policy screen (Section 14.2 on page 176) lets you maintain
rules for handling incoming calls. You can block, redirect, or accept them.
•The Speed Dial screen (Section 14.3 on page 178) lets you add, edit, or
remove speed-dial entries.
14.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Speed Dial and Peer-to-Peer Calling
Speed dial provides shortcuts for dialing frequently used (VoIP) phone numbers. It
is also required if you want to make peer-to-peer calls.
In peer-to-peer calls, you call another VoIP device directly without going through
a SIP server. In the WiMAX Device, you must set up a speed dial entry in the
phone book in order to do this. Select Non-Proxy (Use IP or URL) in the Type
column and enter the callee’s IP address or domain name. The WiMAX Device
sends SIP INVITE requests to the peer VoIP device when you use the speed dial
entry.
You do not need to configure a SIP account in order to make a peer-to-peer VoIP
call.
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14.2 Incoming Call Policy
Click VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy to maintain rules for
handling incoming calls. You can block, redirect, or accept them.
Figure 81 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 67 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table Number Select the call-forwarding table you want to see in this screen. If you
change this field, the screen automatically refreshes.
Forward to Number Setup
Unconditional
Forward to
Number
Select this if you want the WiMAX Device to forward all incoming calls to
the specified phone number, regardless of other rules in the Forward
to Number section. Specify the phone number in the field on the right.
Busy Forward
to Number Select this if you want the WiMAX Device to forward incoming calls to
the specified phone number if the phone port is busy. Specify the phone
number in the field on the right. If you have call waiting, the incoming
call is forwarded to the specified phone number if you reject or ignore
the second incoming call.
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Note: The WiMAX Device checks the Advanced rules first before checking the
Forward to Number rules. All rules are checked in order from top to bottom.
No Answer
Forward to
Number
Select this if you want the WiMAX Device to forward incoming calls to
the specified phone number if the call is unanswered. (See No Answer
Waiting Time.) Specify the phone number in the field on the right.
No Answer
Waiting Time This field is used by the No Answer Forward to Number feature and
No Answer conditions below.
Enter the number of seconds the WiMAX Device should wait for you to
answer an incoming call before it considers the call is unanswered.
Advanced Setup
#The number of the item in this list.
ActivateSelect this to enable this rule. Clear this to disable this rule.
Incoming Call
Number Enter the phone number to which this rule applies.
Forward to
Number Enter the phone number to which you want to forward incoming calls
from the Incoming Call Number. You may leave this field blank,
depending on the Condition.
ConditionSelect the situations in which you want to forward incoming calls from
the Incoming Call Number, or select an alternative action.
•Unconditional - The WiMAX Device immediately forwards any calls
from the Incoming Call Number to the Forward to Number.
•Busy - The WiMAX Device forwards any calls from the Incoming
Call Number to the Forward to Number when your SIP account
already has a call connected.
•No Answer - The WiMAX Device forwards any calls from the
Incoming Call Number to the Forward to Number when the call
is unanswered. (See No Answer Waiting Time.)
•Block - The WiMAX Device rejects calls from the Incoming Call
Number.
•Accept - The WiMAX Device allows calls from the Incoming Call
Number. You might create a rule with this condition if you do not
want incoming calls from someone to be forwarded by rules in the
Forward to Number section.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 67 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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14.3 Speed Dial
Click VOICE > Phone Book > Speed Dial to add, edit, or remove speed-dial
entries.
You must create speed-dial entries if you want to make peer-to-peer calls or call
SIP numbers that use letters. You can also create speed-dial entries for
frequently-used SIP phone numbers.
Figure 82 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed Dial
The following table describes the icons in this screen.
Table 68 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route
ICON DESCRIPTION
Delete
Click to delete this item.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 69 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed Dial
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Speed Dial Select the speed-dial number you want to use for this phone number.
NumberEnter the SIP number you want the WiMAX Device to call when you dial
the speed-dial number.
NameEnter a name to identify the party you call when you dial the speed-dial
number. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII characters.
TypeSelect Use Proxy if you want to use one of your SIP accounts to call
this phone number.
Select Non-Proxy (Use IP or URL) if you want to use a different SIP
server or if you want to make a peer-to-peer call. In this case, enter the
IP address or domain name of the SIP server or the other party in the
field below.
AddClick to add the new number to the list below.
#This is a list of speed dial numbers.
NumberThis is the SIP number the WiMAX Device calls when you use this speed
dial number.
NameThis is the name of the party associated with this speed-dial number.
TypeThis indicates whether this speed dial number uses a proxy or not when
placing a call to the phone number associated with it.
DestinationThis indicates if the speed-dial entry uses one of your SIP accounts or
uses the IP address or domain name of the SIP server.
ActionClick the Delete icon to erase this speed-dial entry.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Clear Click to clear all fields on the screen and begin anew.
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PART V
Tools & Status
Screens
The Certificates Screens (183)
The Firewall Screens (203)
Content Filter (213)
The Remote Management Screens (217)
The Logs Screens (227)
The UPnP Screen (243)
The Status Screen (253)
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CHAPTER 15
The Certificates Screens
15.1 Overview
Use the TOOLS > Certificates screens to manage public key certificates on the
WiMAX Device.
The WiMAX Device can use public key certificates (also sometimes called “digital
IDs”) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A
certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates
provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.
Public key certificates are used by web browsers to ensure that a secure web site
is legitimate. When a certificate authority such as VeriSign, Comodo, or Network
Solutions (to name a few) receives a certificate request from a website operator,
they confirm that the web domain and contact information in the request match
those on public record with a domain name registrar. If they match, then the
certificate is issued to the website operator, who then places it on his site to be
issued to all visiting web browsers to let them know that the site is legitimate.
15.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The My Certificates screen (Section 15.2 on page 184) lets you generate and
export self-signed certificates or certification requests and import the WiMAX
Device’s CA-signed certificates.
•The Trusted CAs screen (Section 15.3 on page 193) lets you display a
summary list of certificates of the certification authorities that you have set the
WiMAX Device to accept as trusted.
15.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Certificate Authorities
A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of
each certificate owner. There are commercial certification authorities like
CyberTrust or VeriSign and government certification authorities. You can use the
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WiMAX Device to generate certification requests that contain identifying
information and public keys and then send the certification requests to a
certification authority.
15.2 My Certificates
Click TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates to generate and export self-
signed certificates or certification requests and import the WiMAX Device’s CA-
signed certificates.
Figure 83 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates
The following table describes the icons in this screen.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 70 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates
ICON DESCRIPTION
Edit
Click to edit this item.
Import
Click to import an item.
Delete
Click to delete this item.
Table 71 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PKI Storage
Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the WiMAX Device’s PKI storage
space that is currently in use. When the storage space is almost full,
you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary certificates before
adding more certificates.
#The number of the item in this list.
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NameThis field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is
recommended that you give each certificate a unique name.
TypeThis field displays what kind of certificate this is.
REQ represents a certification request and is not yet a valid certificate.
Send a certification request to a certification authority, which then
issues a certificate. Use the My Certificate Import screen to import
the certificate and replace the request.
SELF represents a self-signed certificate.
*SELF represents the default self-signed certificate which signs the
imported remote host certificates.
CERT represents a certificate issued by a certification authority.
SubjectThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner,
such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department),
O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that
each certificate have unique subject information.
IssuerThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing
certification authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or
department, organization or company and country. With self-signed
certificates, this is the same information as in the Subject field.
Valid FromThis field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable.
Valid ToThis field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays
in red and includes an Expired! message if the certificate has expired.
ActionClick the Edit icon to open a screen with an in-depth list of information
about the certificate.
Click the Export icon to save a copy of the certificate without its private
key. Browse to the location you want to use and click Save.
Click the Delete icon to remove a certificate. A window displays asking
you to confirm that you want to delete the certificate. Subsequent
certificates move up by one when you take this action.
The WiMAX Device keeps all of your certificates unless you specifically
delete them. Uploading new firmware or default configuration file does
not delete your certificates.
You cannot delete certificates that any of the WiMAX Device’s features
are configured to use.
ImportClick to a certificate into the WiMAX Device.
CreateClick to go to the screen where you can have the WiMAX Device
generate a certificate or a certification request.
RefreshClick to display the current validity status of the certificates.
Table 71 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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15.2.1 My Certificates Create
Click TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates and then the Create icon to open
the My Certificates Create screen. Use this screen to have the WiMAX Device
create a self-signed certificate, enroll a certificate with a certification authority or
generate a certification request.
Figure 84 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Create
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 72 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Create
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate NameType a name to identify this certificate. You can use up to 31
alphanumeric and ;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.
Subject
Information Use these fields to record information that identifies the owner of
the certificate. You do not have to fill in every field, although the
Common Name is mandatory. The certification authority may add
fields (such as a serial number) to the subject information when it
issues a certificate. It is recommended that each certificate have
unique subject information.
Common Name Select a radio button to identify the certificate’s owner by IP
address, domain name or e-mail address. Type the IP address (in
dotted decimal notation), domain name or e-mail address in the
field provided. The domain name or e-mail address is for
identification purposes only and can be any string.
A domain name can be up to 255 characters. You can use
alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and periods.
An e-mail address can be up to 63 characters. You can use
alphanumeric characters, the hyphen, the @ symbol, periods and
the underscore.
Organizational UnitIdentify the organizational unit or department to which the
certificate owner belongs. You can use up to 63 characters. You can
use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the underscore.
OrganizationIdentify the company or group to which the certificate owner
belongs. You can use up to 63 characters. You can use alphanumeric
characters, the hyphen and the underscore.
CountryIdentify the state in which the certificate owner is located. You can
use up to 31 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the
hyphen and the underscore.
Key LengthSelect a number from the drop-down list box to determine how
many bits the key should use (512 to 2048). The longer the key, the
more secure it is. A longer key also uses more PKI storage space.
Enrollment OptionsThese radio buttons deal with how and when the certificate is to be
generated.
Create a self-
signed certificate Select Create a self-signed certificate to have the WiMAX Device
generate the certificate and act as the Certification Authority (CA)
itself. This way you do not need to apply to a certification authority
for certificates.
Create a
certification
request and save it
locally for later
manual enrollment
Select Create a certification request and save it locally for
later manual enrollment to have the WiMAX Device generate and
store a request for a certificate. Use the My Certificate Details
screen to view the certification request and copy it to send to the
certification authority.
Copy the certification request from the My Certificate Details
screen and then send it to the certification authority.
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Create a
certification
request and enroll
for a certificate
immediately online
Select Create a certification request and enroll for a
certificate immediately online to have the WiMAX Device
generate a request for a certificate and apply to a certification
authority for a certificate.
You must have the certification authority’s certificate already
imported in the Trusted CAs screen.
When you select this option, you must select the certification
authority’s enrollment protocol and the certification authority’s
certificate from the drop-down list boxes and enter the certification
authority’s server address. You also need to fill in the Reference
Number and Key if the certification authority requires them.
Enrollment
Protocol This field applies when you select Create a certification request
and enroll for a certificate immediately online. Select the
certification authority’s enrollment protocol from the drop-down list
box.
Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is a TCP-based
enrollment protocol that was developed by VeriSign and Cisco.
Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) is a TCP-based
enrollment protocol that was developed by the Public Key
Infrastructure X.509 working group of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) and is specified in RFC 2510.
CA Server Address This field applies when you select Create a certification request
and enroll for a certificate immediately online. Enter the IP
address (or URL) of the certification authority server.
For a URL, you can use up to 511 of the following characters. a-zA-
Z0-9'()+,/:.=?;!*#@$_%-
CA CertificateThis field applies when you select Create a certification request
and enroll for a certificate immediately online. Select the
certification authority’s certificate from the CA Certificate drop-
down list box.
You must have the certification authority’s certificate already
imported in the Trusted CAs screen. Click Trusted CAs to go to
the Trusted CAs screen where you can view (and manage) the
WiMAX Device's list of certificates of trusted certification authorities.
Request
Authentication When you select Create a certification request and enroll for a
certificate immediately online, the certification authority may
want you to include a reference number and key to identify you
when you send a certification request.
Fill in both the Reference Number and the Key fields if your
certification authority uses CMP enrollment protocol. Just the Key
field displays if your certification authority uses the SCEP enrollment
protocol.
For the reference number, use 0 to 99999999.
For the key, use up to 31 of the following characters. a-zA-Z0-
9;|`~!@#$%^&*()_+\{}':,./<>=-
Table 72 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Create
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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If you configured the My Certificate Create screen to have the WiMAX Device
enroll a certificate and the certificate enrollment is not successful, you see a
screen with a Return button that takes you back to the My Certificate Create
screen. Click Return and check your information in the My Certificate Create
screen. Make sure that the certification authority information is correct and that
your Internet connection is working properly if you want the WiMAX Device to
enroll a certificate online.
15.2.2 My Certificate Edit
Click TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates and then the Edit iconto view in-
depth certificate information and change the certificate’s name.
Figure 85 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Edit
Apply Click to save your changes.
Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Table 72 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Create
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 73 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NameThis field displays the identifying name of this certificate. You can use
up to 31 alphanumeric and ;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.
PropertySelect Default self-signed certificate which signs the imported
remote host certificates to use this certificate to sign the remote
host certificates you upload in the TOOLS > Certificates >Trusted
CAs screen.
Certification PathThis field displays for a certificate, not a certification request.
Click the Refresh button to have this read-only text box display the
hierarchy of certification authorities that validate the certificate (and
the certificate itself).
If the issuing certification authority is one that you have imported as
a trusted certification authority, it may be the only certification
authority in the list (along with the certificate itself). If the certificate
is a self-signed certificate, the certificate itself is the only one in the
list. The WiMAX Device does not trust the certificate and displays “Not
trusted” in this field if any certificate on the path has expired or been
revoked.
RefreshClick to display the certification path.
Certification Information
TypeThis field displays general information about the certificate. CA-signed
means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. Self-signed
means that the certificate’s owner signed the certificate (not a
certification authority). “X.509” means that this certificate was
created and signed according to the ITU-T X.509 recommendation
that defines the formats for public-key certificates.
VersionThis field displays the X.509 version number. “
Serial NumberThis field displays the certificate’s identification number given by the
certification authority or generated by the WiMAX Device.
SubjectThis field displays information that identifies the owner of the
certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU),
Organization (O) and Country (C).
IssuerThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s
issuing certification authority, such as Common Name, Organizational
Unit, Organization and Country.
With self-signed certificates, this is the same as the Subject Name
field.
“none” displays for a certification request.
Signature
Algorithm This field displays the type of algorithm that was used to sign the
certificate. The WiMAX Device uses rsa-pkcs1-sha1 (RSA public-
private key encryption algorithm and the SHA1 hash algorithm).
Some certification authorities may use rsa-pkcs1-md5 (RSA public-
private key encryption algorithm and the MD5 hash algorithm).
Valid FromThis field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable.
“none” displays for a certification request.
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Valid ToThis field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text
displays in red and includes an Expired! message if the certificate has
expired. “none” displays for a certification request.
Key AlgorithmThis field displays the type of algorithm that was used to generate the
certificate’s key pair (the WiMAX Device uses RSA encryption) and the
length of the key set in bits (1024 bits for example).
Subject
Alternative Name This field displays the certificate owner‘s IP address (IP), domain
name (DNS) or e-mail address (EMAIL).
Key UsageThis field displays for what functions the certificate’s key can be used.
For example, “DigitalSignature” means that the key can be used to
sign certificates and “KeyEncipherment” means that the key can be
used to encrypt text.
Basic ConstraintThis field displays general information about the certificate. For
example, Subject Type=CA means that this is a certification
authority’s certificate and “Path Length Constraint=1” means that
there can only be one certification authority in the certificate’s path.
This field does not display for a certification request.
MD5 FingerprintThis is the certificate’s message digest that the WiMAX Device
calculated using the MD5 algorithm.
SHA1 FingerprintThis is the certificate’s message digest that the WiMAX Device
calculated using the SHA1 algorithm.
Certificate in PEM
(Base-64)
Encoded Format
This read-only text box displays the certificate or certification request
in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses lowercase letters,
uppercase letters and numerals to convert the binary certificate into a
printable form.
You can copy and paste a certification request into a certification
authority’s web page, an e-mail that you send to the certification
authority or a text editor and save the file on a management
computer for later manual enrollment.
You can copy and paste a certificate into an e-mail to send to friends
or colleagues or you can copy and paste a certificate into a text editor
and save the file on a management computer for later distribution
(via floppy disk for example).
Apply Click to save your changes.
Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Table 73 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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15.2.3 My Certificate Import
Click TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Import to import a certificate
that matches a corresponding certification request that was generated by the
WiMAX Device. You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before
you can import it.
Figure 86 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Import
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 74 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Import
LABEL DESCRIPTION
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse
to find it.
You cannot import a certificate with the same name as a certificate that is
already in the WiMAX Device.
Browse Click to find the certificate file you want to upload.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
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15.3 Trusted CAs
Click TOOLS > Certificates >Trusted CAs to display a summary list of
certificates of the certification authorities that you have set the WiMAX Device to
accept as trusted. The WiMAX Device accepts any valid certificate signed by a
certification authority on this list as being trustworthy; thus you do not need to
import any certificate that is signed by one of these certification authorities.
Figure 87 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs
The following table describes the icons in this screen.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 75 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs
ICON DESCRIPTION
Edit
Click to edit this item.
Export
Click to export an item.
Delete
Click to delete this item.
Table 76 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PKI Storage
Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the WiMAX Device’s PKI storage
space that is currently in use. When the storage space is almost full,
you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary certificates before
adding more certificates.
#The number of the item in this list.
NameThis field displays the name used to identify this certificate.
SubjectThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner,
such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department),
O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that
each certificate have unique subject information.
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IssuerThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing
certification authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or
department, organization or company and country. With self-signed
certificates, this is the same information as in the Subject field.
Valid FromThis field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. The
text displays in red and includes a Not Yet Valid! message if the
certificate has not yet become applicable.
Valid ToThis field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays
in red and includes an Expiring! or Expired! message if the certificate is
about to expire or has already expired.
CRL IssuerThis field displays Yes if the certification authority issues CRL
(Certificate Revocation Lists) for the certificates that it has issued and
you have selected the Check incoming certificates issued by this
CA against a CRL check box in the certificate’s details screen to have
the WiMAX Device check the CRL before trusting any certificates issued
by the certification authority. Otherwise the field displays No.
ActionClick the Edit icon to open a screen with an in-depth list of information
about the certificate.
Use the Export icon to save the certificate to a computer. Click the icon
and then Save in the File Download screen. The Save As screen
opens, browse to the location that you want to use and click Save.
Click the Delete icon to remove the certificate. A window displays
asking you to confirm that you want to delete the certificate. Note that
subsequent certificates move up by one when you take this action.
ImportClick Import to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a
certification authority that you trust, from your computer to the WiMAX
Device.
RefreshClick this button to display the current validity status of the certificates.
Table 76 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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15.3.1 Trusted CA Edit
Click TOOLS > Certificates >Trusted CAs and then click the Edit icon to open
the Trusted CAs screen to view in-depth certificate information and change the
certificate’s name.
Figure 88 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 77 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NameThis field displays the identifying name of this certificate. You can use
up to 31 alphanumeric and ;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.
PropertySelect Default self-signed certificate which signs the imported
remote host certificates to use this certificate to sign the remote
host certificates you upload in the TOOLS > Certificates >Trusted
CAs screen.
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Certification PathThis field displays for a certificate, not a certification request.
Click the Refresh button to have this read-only text box display the
hierarchy of certification authorities that validate the certificate (and
the certificate itself).
If the issuing certification authority is one that you have imported as
a trusted certification authority, it may be the only certification
authority in the list (along with the certificate itself). If the certificate
is a self-signed certificate, the certificate itself is the only one in the
list. The WiMAX Device does not trust the certificate and displays “Not
trusted” in this field if any certificate on the path has expired or been
revoked.
RefreshClick Refresh to display the certification path.
Certification Information
TypeThis field displays general information about the certificate. CA-signed
means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. Self-signed
means that the certificate’s owner signed the certificate (not a
certification authority). “X.509” means that this certificate was
created and signed according to the ITU-T X.509 recommendation
that defines the formats for public-key certificates.
VersionThis field displays the X.509 version number. “
Serial NumberThis field displays the certificate’s identification number given by the
certification authority or generated by the WiMAX Device.
SubjectThis field displays information that identifies the owner of the
certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU),
Organization (O) and Country (C).
IssuerThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s
issuing certification authority, such as Common Name, Organizational
Unit, Organization and Country.
With self-signed certificates, this is the same as the Subject Name
field.
“none” displays for a certification request.
Signature
Algorithm This field displays the type of algorithm that was used to sign the
certificate. The WiMAX Device uses rsa-pkcs1-sha1 (RSA public-
private key encryption algorithm and the SHA1 hash algorithm).
Some certification authorities may use rsa-pkcs1-md5 (RSA public-
private key encryption algorithm and the MD5 hash algorithm).
Valid FromThis field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable.
“none” displays for a certification request.
Valid ToThis field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text
displays in red and includes an Expired! message if the certificate has
expired. “none” displays for a certification request.
Key AlgorithmThis field displays the type of algorithm that was used to generate the
certificate’s key pair (the WiMAX Device uses RSA encryption) and the
length of the key set in bits (1024 bits for example).
Subject
Alternative Name This field displays the certificate owner‘s IP address (IP), domain
name (DNS) or e-mail address (EMAIL).
Table 77 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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15.3.2 Trusted CA Import
Click TOOLS > Certificates >Trusted CAs and then click Import to open the
Trusted CA Import screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to save a
trusted certification authority’s certificate from a computer to the WiMAX Device.
The WiMAX Device trusts any valid certificate signed by any of the imported
trusted CA certificates.
Key UsageThis field displays for what functions the certificate’s key can be used.
For example, “DigitalSignature” means that the key can be used to
sign certificates and “KeyEncipherment” means that the key can be
used to encrypt text.
Basic ConstraintThis field displays general information about the certificate. For
example, Subject Type=CA means that this is a certification
authority’s certificate and “Path Length Constraint=1” means that
there can only be one certification authority in the certificate’s path.
This field does not display for a certification request.
MD5 FingerprintThis is the certificate’s message digest that the WiMAX Device
calculated using the MD5 algorithm.
SHA1 FingerprintThis is the certificate’s message digest that the WiMAX Device
calculated using the SHA1 algorithm.
Certificate in PEM
(Base-64)
Encoded Format
This read-only text box displays the certificate or certification request
in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses lowercase letters,
uppercase letters and numerals to convert the binary certificate into a
printable form.
You can copy and paste a certification request into a certification
authority’s web page, an e-mail that you send to the certification
authority or a text editor and save the file on a management
computer for later manual enrollment.
You can copy and paste a certificate into an e-mail to send to friends
or colleagues or you can copy and paste a certificate into a text editor
and save the file on a management computer for later distribution
(via floppy disk for example).
Apply Click to save your changes.
Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Table 77 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can
import the certificate.
Figure 89 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Import
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
15.4 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX
Device features described in this chapter.
15.4.1 Certificate Authorities
When using public-key cryptology for authentication, each host has two keys. One
key is public and can be made openly available. The other key is private and must
be kept secure.
These keys work like a handwritten signature (in fact, certificates are often
referred to as “digital signatures”). Only you can write your signature exactly as it
ought to look. When people know what your signature ought to look like, they can
verify whether something was signed by you, or by someone else. In the same
way, your private key “writes” your digital signature and your public key allows
Table 78 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs Import
LABEL DESCRIPTION
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse
to find it.
Choose... Click to find the certificate file you want to upload.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
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people to verify whether data was signed by you, or by someone else. This
process works as follows.
1Tim wants to send a message to Jenny. He needs her to be sure that it comes
from him, and that the message content has not been altered by anyone else
along the way. Tim generates a public key pair (one public key and one private
key).
2Tim keeps the private key and makes the public key openly available. This means
that anyone who receives a message seeming to come from Tim can read it and
verify whether it is really from him or not.
3Tim uses his private key to sign the message and sends it to Jenny.
4Jenny receives the message and uses Tim’s public key to verify it. Jenny knows
that the message is from Tim, and she knows that although other people may
have been able to read the message, no-one can have altered it (because they
cannot re-sign the message with Tim’s private key).
5Additionally, Jenny uses her own private key to sign a message and Tim uses
Jenny’s public key to verify the message.
The WiMAX Device uses certificates based on public-key cryptology to
authenticate users attempting to establish a connection, not to encrypt the data
that you send after establishing a connection. The method used to secure the data
that you send through an established connection depends on the type of
connection. For example, a VPN tunnel might use the triple DES encryption
algorithm.
The certification authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can
then use the certification authority’s public key to verify the certificates.
A certification path is the hierarchy of certification authority certificates that
validate a certificate. The WiMAX Device does not trust a certificate if any
certificate on its path has expired or been revoked.
Certification authorities maintain directory servers with databases of valid and
revoked certificates. A directory of certificates that have been revoked before the
scheduled expiration is called a CRL (Certificate Revocation List). The WiMAX
Device can check a peer’s certificate against a directory server’s list of revoked
certificates. The framework of servers, software, procedures and policies that
handles keys is called PKI (public-key infrastructure).
15.4.1.1 Advantages of Certificates
Certificates offer the following benefits.
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•The WiMAX Device only has to store the certificates of the certification
authorities that you decide to trust, no matter how many devices you need to
authenticate.
•Key distribution is simple and very secure since you can freely distribute public
keys and you never need to transmit private keys.
15.4.1.2 Self-signed Certificates
You can have the WiMAX Device act as a certification authority and sign its own
certificates.
15.4.1.3 Factory Default Certificate
The WiMAX Device generates its own unique self-signed certificate when you first
turn it on. This certificate is referred to in the GUI as the factory default
certificate.
15.4.1.4 Certificate File Formats
Any certificate that you want to import has to be in one of these file formats:
•Binary X.509: This is an ITU-T recommendation that defines the formats for
X.509 certificates.
•PEM (Base-64) encoded X.509: This Privacy Enhanced Mail format uses
lowercase letters, uppercase letters and numerals to convert a binary X.509
certificate into a printable form.
•Binary PKCS#7: This is a standard that defines the general syntax for data
(including digital signatures) that may be encrypted. A PKCS #7 file is used to
transfer a public key certificate. The private key is not included. The WiMAX
Device currently allows the importation of a PKS#7 file that contains a single
certificate.
•PEM (Base-64) encoded PKCS#7: This Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format uses
lowercase letters, uppercase letters and numerals to convert a binary PKCS#7
certificate into a printable form.
Note: Be careful to not convert a binary file to text during the transfer process. It is
easy for this to occur since many programs use text files by default.
15.4.2 Verifying a Certificate
Before you import a certificate into the WiMAX Device, you should verify that you
have the correct certificate. This is especially true of trusted certificates since the
WiMAX Device also trusts any valid certificate signed by any of the imported
trusted certificates.
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15.4.2.1 Checking the Fingerprint of a Certificate on Your Computer
A certificate’s fingerprints are message digests calculated using the MD5 or SHA1
algorithms. The following procedure describes how to check a certificate’s
fingerprint to verify that you have the actual certificate.
1Browse to where you have the certificate saved on your computer.
2Make sure that the certificate has a “.cer” or “.crt” file name extension. (On some
Linux distributions, the file extension may be “.der”.)
Figure 90 Remote Host Certificates
3Double-click the certificate’s icon to open the Certificate window. Click the
Details tab and scroll down to the Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprint
fields.
Figure 91 Certificate Details
4Use a secure method to verify that the certificate owner has the same information
in the Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprint fields. The secure method may
very based on your situation. Possible examples would be over the telephone or
through an HTTPS connection.
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CHAPTER 16
The Firewall Screens
16.1 Overview
Use the TOOLS > Firewall screens to manage WiMAX Device’s firewall security
measures.
Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to
prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term
"firewall" is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy
between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a
trusted network from an untrusted network. Of course, firewalls cannot solve
every security problem.
A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to establish a network security perimeter
in support of a network security policy. It should never be the only mechanism or
method employed. For a firewall to guard effectively, you must design and deploy
it appropriately. This requires integrating the firewall into a broad information-
security policy. In addition, specific policies must be implemented within the
firewall itself.
16.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The Firewall Setting screen (Section 16.2 on page 204) lets you configure the
basic settings for your firewall.
•The Service Setting screen (Section 16.3 on page 207) lets you enable service
blocking, set up the date and time service blocking is effective, and to maintain
the list of services you want to block.
16.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
About the WiMAX Device Firewall
The WiMAX Device firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to
protect against Denial of Service attacks when activated. The WiMAX Device's
purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to
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the Internet. The WiMAX Device can be used to prevent theft, destruction and
modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security
of your network.
The WiMAX Device is installed between the LAN and a WiMAX base station
connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data
passing between the Internet and the LAN.
The WiMAX Device has one Ethernet (LAN) port. The LAN (Local Area Network)
port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside
world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP
and the World Wide Web. However, “inbound access” is not allowed (by default)
unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service.
16.2 Firewall Setting
This section describes firewalls and the built-in WiMAX Device’s firewall features.
16.2.1 Firewall Rule Directions
Figure 92 Firewall Rule Directions
LAN-to-WAN rules are local network to Internet firewall rules. The default is to
forward all traffic from your local network to the Internet.
You can block certain LAN-to-WAN traffic in the Services screen (click the
Services tab). All services displayed in the Blocked Services list box are LAN-
to-WAN firewall rules that block those services originating from the LAN.
Blocked LAN-to-WAN packets are considered alerts. Alerts are “higher priority
logs” that include system errors, attacks and attempted access to blocked web
sites. Alerts appear in red in the View Log screen. You may choose to have alerts
e-mailed immediately in the Log Settings screen.
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LAN-to-LAN/WiMAX Device means the LAN to the WiMAX Device LAN interface.
This is always allowed, as this is how you manage the WiMAX Device from your
local computer.
WAN-to-LAN rules are Internet to your local network firewall rules. The default is
to block all traffic from the Internet to your local network.
How can you forward certain WAN to LAN traffic? You may allow traffic originating
from the WAN to be forwarded to the LAN by:
•Configuring NAT port forwarding rules.
•Configuring WAN or LAN & WAN access for services in the Remote MGMT
screens or SMT menus. When you allow remote management from the WAN,
you are actually configuring WAN-to-WAN/WiMAX Device firewall rules. WAN-to-
WAN/WiMAX Device firewall rules are Internet to the WiMAX Device WAN
interface firewall rules. The default is to block all such traffic. When you decide
what WAN-to-LAN packets to log, you are in fact deciding what WAN-to-LAN
and WAN-to-WAN/WiMAX Device packets to log.
Forwarded WAN-to-LAN packets are not considered alerts.
16.2.2 Triangle Route
When the firewall is on, your WiMAX Device acts as a secure gateway between
your LAN and the Internet. In an ideal network topology, all incoming and
outgoing network traffic passes through the WiMAX Device to protect your LAN
against attacks.
Figure 93 Ideal Firewall Setup
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16.2.3 Firewall Setting Options
Click TOOLS > Firewall > Firewall Setting to configure the basic settings for
your firewall.
Figure 94 TOOLS > Firewall > Firewall Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 79 TOOLS > Firewall > Firewall Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Firewall Select this to activate the firewall. The WiMAX Device controls access
and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall
is activated.
Bypass Triangle
Route Select this if you want to let some traffic from the WAN go directly to a
computer in the LAN without passing through the WiMAX Device.
Max NAT/
Firewall Session
Per User
Select the maximum number of NAT rules and firewall rules the WiMAX
Device enforces at one time. The WiMAX Device automatically allocates
memory for the maximum number of rules, regardless of whether or
not there is a rule to enforce. This is the same number you enter in
Network > NAT > General.
Packet Direction
Log Select the situations in which you want to create log entries for firewall
events.
No Log - do not create any log entries
Log Blocked - (LAN to WAN only) create log entries when packets are
blocked
Log Forwarded - (WAN to LAN only) create log entries when packets
are forwarded
Log All - create log entries for every packet
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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16.3 Service Setting
Click TOOLS > Firewall > Service Setting to enable service blocking, set up the
date and time service blocking is effective, and to maintain the list of services you
want to block.
Figure 95 TOOLS > Firewall > Service Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 80 TOOLS > Firewall > Service Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service Setup
Enable Services
Blocking Select this to activate service blocking. The Schedule to Block section
controls what days and what times service blocking is actually effective,
however.
Available
Services This is a list of pre-defined services (destination ports) you may prohibit
your LAN computers from using. Select the port you want to block, and
click Add to add the port to the Blocked Services field.
A custom port is a service that is not available in the pre-defined
Available Services list. You must define it using the Type and Port
Number fields.
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16.4 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX
Device features described in this chapter.
16.4.1 Stateful Inspection Firewall.
Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against
defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and
protocol. They also "inspect" the session data to assure the integrity of the
connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols. These firewalls generally provide
the best speed and transparency; however, they may lack the granular application
level access control or caching that some proxies support. Firewalls, of one type or
another, have become an integral part of standard security solutions for
enterprises.
Blocked
Services This is a list of services (ports) that are inaccessible to computers on
your LAN when service blocking is effective. To remove a service from
this list, select the service, and click Delete.
Type Select TCP or UDP, based on which one the custom port uses.
Port Number Enter the range of port numbers that defines the service. For example,
suppose you want to define the Gnutella service. Select TCP type and
enter a port range of 6345-6349.
Add Click this to add the selected service in Available Services to the
Blocked Services list.
Delete Select a service in the Blocked Services, and click this to remove the
service from the list.
Clear All Click this to remove all the services in the Blocked Services list.
Schedule to Block
Day to Block Select which days of the week you want the service blocking to be
effective.
Time of Day to
Block Select what time each day you want service blocking to be effective.
Enter times in 24-hour format; for example, 3:00pm should be entered
as 15:00.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 80 TOOLS > Firewall > Service Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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16.4.2 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall
1Change the default password via web configurator.
2Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way.
3Limit who can access your router.
4Don't enable any local service (such as telnet or FTP) that you don't use. Any
enabled service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might
be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall
or the network.
5For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring
the services to communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring
rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces.
6Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active.
7Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room.
16.4.3 The “Triangle Route” Problem
A traffic route is a path for sending or receiving data packets between two
Ethernet devices. You may have more than one connection to the Internet
(through one or more ISPs). If an alternate gateway is on the LAN (and its IP
address is in the same subnet as the WiMAX Device’s LAN IP address), the
“triangle route” (also called asymmetrical route) problem may occur. The steps
below describe the “triangle route” problem.
1A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending out a SYN packet to a
receiving server on the WAN.
2The WiMAX Device reroutes the SYN packet through Gateway Aon the LAN to the
WAN.
3The reply from the WAN goes directly to the computer on the LAN without going
through the WiMAX Device.
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As a result, the WiMAX Device resets the connection, as the connection has not
been acknowledged.
Figure 96 “Triangle Route” Problem
16.4.3.1 Solving the “Triangle Route” Problem
If you have the WiMAX Device allow triangle route sessions, traffic from the WAN
can go directly to a LAN computer without passing through the WiMAX Device and
its firewall protection.
Another solution is to use IP alias. IP alias allows you to partition your network
into logical sections over the same Ethernet interface. Your WiMAX Device
supports up to three logical LAN interfaces with the WiMAX Device being the
gateway for each logical network.
It’s like having multiple LAN networks that actually use the same physical cables
and ports. By putting your LAN and Gateway A in different subnets, all returning
network traffic must pass through the WiMAX Device to your LAN. The following
steps describe such a scenario.
1A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending a SYN packet to a
receiving server on the WAN.
2The WiMAX Devicereroutes the packet to Gateway A, which is in Subnet 2.
3The reply from the WAN goes to the WiMAX Device.
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4The WiMAX Device then sends it to the computer on the LAN in Subnet 1.
Figure 97 IP Alias
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CHAPTER 17
Content Filter
17.1 Overview
Use the TOOLS > Content Filter screens to create and enforce policies that
restrict access to the Internet based on content
Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies
tailored to their needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features
or specific URL keywords. The WiMAX Device can block web features such as
ActiveX controls, Java applets, cookies and disable web proxies. The WiMAX
Device also allows you to define time periods and days during which the WiMAX
Device performs content filtering.
17.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The Filter screen (Section 17.2 on page 214) lets you set up a trusted IP
address, which web features are restricted, and which keywords are blocked
when content filtering is effective.
•The Schedule screen (Section 17.3 on page 216) lets you schedule content
filtering.
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17.2 Filter
Click TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter to set up a trusted IP address, which web
features are restricted, and which keywords are blocked when content filtering is
effective.
Figure 98 TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 81 TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Trusted IP Setup
Trusted
Computer IP
Address
You can allow a specific computer to access all Internet resources
without the restrictions you set in these screens. Enter the IP address of
the trusted computer.
Restrict Web
Features Select the web features you want to disable. If a user downloads a page
with a restricted feature, that part of the web page appears blank or
grayed out.
ActiveX - This is a tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and
distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site,
ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in
case you visit the site again.
Java - This is used to build downloadable Web components or Internet
and intranet business applications of all kinds.
Cookies - This is used by Web servers to track usage and to provide
service based on ID.
Web Proxy - This is a server that acts as an intermediary between a
user and the Internet to provide security, administrative control, and
caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN, it is
possible for LAN users to avoid content filtering restrictions.
Keyword Blocking
Enable URL
Keyword
Blocking
Select this if you want the WiMAX Device to block Web sites based on
words in the web site address. For example, if you block the keyword
bad,http://www.website.com/bad.html is blocked.
Keyword Type a keyword you want to block in this field. You can use up to 64
printable ASCII characters. There is no wildcard character, however.
Add Click this to add the specified Keyword to the Keyword List. You can
enter up to 64 keywords.
Keyword List This field displays the keywords that are blocked when Enable URL
Keyword Blocking is selected. To delete a keyword, select it, click
Delete, and click Apply.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected keyword in the Keyword List. The
keyword disappears after you click Apply.
Clear All Click this button to remove all of the keywords in the Keyword List.
Denied Access
Message Enter the message that is displayed when the WiMAX Device’s content
filter feature blocks access to a web site.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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17.3 Schedule
Click TOOLS > Content Filter > Schedule to schedule content filtering.
Figure 99 TOOLS > Content Filter > Schedule
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 82 TOOLS > Content Filter > Schedule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Day to Block Select which days of the week you want content filtering to be effective.
Time of Day to
Block Select what time each day you want content filtering to be effective.
Enter times in 24-hour format; for example, 3:00pm should be entered
as 15:00.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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CHAPTER 18
The Remote Management
Screens
18.1 Overview
Use the TOOLS > Remote Management screens to control which computers can
use which services to access the WiMAX Device on each interface.
Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access
which WiMAX Device interface (if any) from which computers.
You may manage your WiMAX Device from a remote location via:
To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding
Server Access field.
You may only have one remote management session running at a time. The
WiMAX Device automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower
priority when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The
priorities for the different types of remote management sessions are as follows:
Telnet or HTTP.
18.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The WWW screen (Section 18.2 on page 219) lets you control HTTP access to
your WiMAX Device.
•The Telnet screen (Section 18.3 on page 220) lets you control Telnet access to
your WiMAX Device.
•The FTP screen (Section 18.4 on page 220) lets you control FTP access to your
WiMAX Device.
•The SNMP screen (Section 18.5 on page 221) lets you control SNMP access to
your WiMAX Device.
Table 83 Remote Management
•Internet (WAN only) •ALL (LAN and WAN)
•LAN only •Neither (Disable).
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•The DNS screen (Section 18.6 on page 224) lets you control DNS access to your
WiMAX Device.
•The Security screen (Section 18.7 on page 225) lets you control how your
WiMAX Device responds to other types of requests.
•The Security screen (Section 18.7 on page 225) lets you control how your
WiMAX Device responds to other types of requests.
18.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Remote Management Limitations
Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
1A filter in SMT menu 3.1 (LAN) or in menu 11.5 (WAN) is applied to block a Telnet,
FTP or Web service.
2You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.
3The IP address in the Secured Client IP field does not match the client IP
address. If it does not match, the WiMAX Device will disconnect the session
immediately.
4There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher
priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at
one time.
Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
•Use the WiMAX Device’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
•Use the WiMAX Device’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three
hundred seconds). The WiMAX Device automatically logs you out if the
management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The
management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can
change the timeout period in the Maintenance > System > General screen.
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SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol used for exchanging
management information between network devices. SNMP is a member of the
TCP/IP protocol suite. Your WiMAX Device supports SNMP agent functionality,
which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the WiMAX Device
through the network. The WiMAX Device supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1)
and version two (SNMPv2). The next figure illustrates an SNMP management
operation.
Note: SNMP is only available if TCP/IP is configured.
18.2 WWW
Click TOOLS > Remote Management > WWW to control HTTP access to your
WiMAX Device.
Figure 100 TOOLS > Remote Management > WWW
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 84 TOOLS > Remote Management > WWW
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server Port Enter the port number this service can use to access the WiMAX Device.
The computer must use the same port number.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the
WiMAX Device using this service.
Secured Client
IP Address Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Device using this
service.
Select Selected to only allow the computer with the IP address that
you specify to access the WiMAX Device using this service.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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18.3 Telnet
Click TOOLS > Remote Management > Telnet to control Telnet access to your
WiMAX Device.
Figure 101 TOOLS > Remote Management > Telnet
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
18.4 FTP
Click TOOLS > Remote Management > FTP to control FTP access to your
WiMAX Device.
Figure 102 TOOLS > Remote Management > FTP
Table 85 TOOLS > Remote Management > Telnet
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server Port Enter the port number this service can use to access the WiMAX Device.
The computer must use the same port number.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the
WiMAX Device using this service.
Secured Client
IP Address Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Device using this
service.
Select Selected to only allow the computer with the IP address that
you specify to access the WiMAX Device using this service.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
18.5 SNMP
An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and
a manager.
Figure 103 SNMP Management Model
An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the
WiMAX Device). An agent translates the local management information from the
managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console
through which network administrators perform network management functions. It
executes applications that control and monitor managed devices.
Table 86 TOOLS > Remote Management > FTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server Port Enter the port number this service can use to access the WiMAX Device.
The computer must use the same port number.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the
WiMAX Device using this service.
Secured Client
IP Address Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Device using this
service.
Select Selected to only allow the computer with the IP address that
you specify to access the WiMAX Device using this service.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each
piece of information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include
such as number of packets received, node port status etc. A Management
Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects. SNMP allows a
manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects.
The WiMAX Device supports MIB II that is defined in RFC-1213 and RFC-1215. The
focus of the MIBs is to let administrators collect statistical data and monitor status
and performance.
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent
model. The manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the
following protocol operations:
•Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.
•GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table
or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all
elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a
series of GetNext operations.
•Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.
•Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.
18.5.1 SNMP Traps
The WiMAX Device sends traps to the SNMP manager when any of the following
events occurs:
Table 87 SNMP Traps
TRAP # TRAP NAME DESCRIPTION
0coldStart (defined in RFC-
1215)A trap is sent after booting (power on).
1warmStart (defined in RFC-
1215)A trap is sent after booting (software reboot).
4 authenticationFailure (defined
in RFC-1215)A trap is sent to the manager when receiving
any SNMP get or set requirements with the
wrong community (password).
6whyReboot (defined in
ZYXEL-MIB) A trap is sent with the reason of restart before
rebooting when the system is going to restart
(warm start).
6a For intentional reboot: A trap is sent with the message "System reboot
by user!" if reboot is done intentionally, (for
example, download new files, CI command "sys
reboot", etc.).
6b For fatal error: A trap is sent with the message of the fatal
code if the system reboots because of fatal
errors.
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18.5.2 SNMP Options
Click TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP to control SNMP access to your
WiMAX Device.
Figure 104 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 88 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SNMP Configuration
Get Community Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming
Get and GetNext requests from the management station. The default
is public and allows all requests.
Set Community Enter the Set community, which is the password for incoming Set
requests from the management station. The default is public and
allows all requests.
Trap Community Enter the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap
to the SNMP manager. The default is public and allows all requests.
Trap Destination Enter the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.
SNMP
Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed,
however you must use the same port number in order to use that
service for remote management.
Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the
WiMAX Device using this service.
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18.6 DNS
Click TOOLS > Remote Management > DNS to control DNS access to your
WiMAX Device.
Figure 105 TOOLS > Remote Management > DNS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Secured Client IP A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to
communicate with the WiMAX Device using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Device using
this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that
you specify to access the WiMAX Device using this service.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 88 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 89 TOOLS > Remote Management > DNS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server Port This field is read-only. This field displays the port number this service
uses to access the WiMAX Device. The computer must use the same
port number.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the
WiMAX Device using this service.
Secured Client
IP Address Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Device using this
service.
Select Selected to only allow the computer with the IP address that
you specify to access the WiMAX Device using this service.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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18.7 Security
Click TOOLS > Remote Management > Security to control how your WiMAX
Device responds to other types of requests.
Figure 106 TOOLS > Remote Management > Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 90 TOOLS > Remote Management > Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Respond to Ping
on Select the interface(s) on which the WiMAX Device should respond to
incoming ping requests.
•Disable - the WiMAX Device does not respond to any ping requests.
•LAN - the WiMAX Device only responds to ping requests received
from the LAN.
•WAN - the WiMAX Device only responds to ping requests received
from the WAN.
•LAN & WAN - the WiMAX Device responds to ping requests received
from the LAN or the WAN.
Do not respond
to requests for
unauthorized
services
Select this to prevent outsiders from discovering your WiMAX Device by
sending requests to unsupported port numbers. If an outside user
attempts to probe an unsupported port on your WiMAX Device, an ICMP
response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user
to know the WiMAX Device exists. Your WiMAX Device supports anti-
probing, which prevents the ICMP response packet from being sent.
This keeps outsiders from discovering your WiMAX Device when
unsupported ports are probed.
If you clear this, your WiMAX Device replies with an ICMP Port
Unreachable packet for a port probe on unused UDP ports and with a
TCP Reset packet for a port probe on unused TCP ports.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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CHAPTER 19
The Logs Screens
19.1 Overview
Use the TOOLS > Logs screens to look at log entries and alerts and to configure
the WiMAX Device’s log and alert settings.
For a list of log messages, see Section 19.4 on page 233.
19.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
•The View Logs screen (Section 19.2 on page 229) lets you look at log entries
and alerts.
•The Log Settings screen (Section 19.3 on page 231) lets you configure where
the WiMAX Device sends logs and alerts, the schedule for sending logs, and
which logs and alerts are sent or recorded.
19.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Alerts
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. Some categories
such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts.
Syslog Logs
There are two types of syslog: event logs and traffic logs.
The device generates an event log when a system event occurs, for example,
when a user logs in or the device is under attack. The device generates a traffic
log when a "session" is terminated.
A traffic log summarizes the session's type, when it started and stopped the
amount of traffic that was sent and received and so on. An external log analyzer
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can reconstruct and analyze the traffic flowing through the device after collecting
the traffic logs.
The following table shows RFC-2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays.
Please refer to the RFC for detailed information on each type.
Table 91 Syslog Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Event Log: <Facility*8 +
Severity>Mon dd hr:mm:ss
hostname src="<srcIP:srcPort>"
dst="<dstIP:dstPort>"
msg="<msg>" note="<note>"
devID="<mac address>"
cat="<category>"
This message is sent by the system ("RAS" displays
as the system name if you haven’t configured one)
when the router generates a syslog. The facility is
defined in the Log Settings screen. The severity is
the log’s syslog class. The definition of messages
and notes are defined in the various log charts
throughout this appendix. The “devID” is the MAC
address of the router’s LAN port. The “cat” is the
same as the category in the router’s logs.
Traffic Log: <Facility*8 +
Severity>Mon dd hr:mm:ss
hostname src="<srcIP:srcPort>"
dst="<dstIP:dstPort>"
msg="Traffic Log"
note="Traffic Log" devID="<mac
address>" cat="Traffic Log"
duration=seconds
sent=sentBytes
rcvd=receiveBytes
dir="<from:to>"
protoID=IPProtocolID
proto="serviceName"
trans="IPSec/Normal"
This message is sent by the device when the
connection (session) is closed. The facility is defined
in the Log Settings screen. The severity is the traffic
log type. The message and note always display
"Traffic Log". The "proto" field lists the service
name. The "dir" field lists the incoming and
outgoing interfaces ("LAN:LAN", "LAN:WAN",
"LAN:DEV" for example).
Table 92 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types
LOG DISPLAY PAYLOAD TYPE
SA Security Association
PROP Proposal
TRANS Transform
KE Key Exchange
ID Identification
CER Certificate
CER_REQ Certificate Request
HASH Hash
SIG Signature
NONCE Nonce
NOTFY Notification
DEL Delete
VID Vendor ID
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19.2 View Logs
Click TOOLS > Logs > View Log to look at log entries and alerts. Alerts are
written in red.
Figure 107 TOOLS > Logs > View Logs
Click a column header to sort log entries in descending (later-to-earlier) order.
Click again to sort in ascending order. The small triangle next to a column header
indicates how the table is currently sorted (pointing downward is descending;
pointing upward is ascending).
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 93 TOOLS > Logs > View Logs
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Display Select a category whose log entries you want to view. To view all logs,
select All Logs. The list of categories depends on what log categories
are selected in the Log Settings page.
Email Log Now Click this to send the log screen to the e-mail address specified in the
Log Settings page.
Refresh Click to renew the log screen.
Clear Log Click to clear all the log entries, regardless of what is shown on the log
screen.
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#The number of the item in this list.
Time This field displays the time the log entry was recorded.
Message This field displays the reason for the log entry. See Section 19.4 on
page 233.
Source This field displays the source IP address and the port number of the
incoming packet. In many cases, some or all of this information may
not be available.
Destination This field lists the destination IP address and the port number of the
incoming packet. In many cases, some or all of this information may
not be available.
Note This field displays additional information about the log entry.
Table 93 TOOLS > Logs > View Logs (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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19.3 Log Settings
Click TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings to configure where the WiMAX Device sends
logs and alerts, the schedule for sending logs, and which logs and alerts are sent
or recorded.
Figure 108 TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 94 TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings
LABEL DESCRIPTION
E-mail Log Settings
Mail Server Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server the WiMAX
Device should use to e-mail logs and alerts. Leave this field blank if you
do not want to send logs or alerts by e-mail.
Mail Subject Enter the subject line used in e-mail messages the WiMAX Device
sends.
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Send Log to Enter the e-mail address to which log entries are sent by e-mail. Leave
this field blank if you do not want to send logs by e-mail.
Send Alerts to Enter the e-mail address to which alerts are sent by e-mail. Leave this
field blank if you do not want to send alerts by e-mail.
Log Schedule Select the frequency with which the WiMAX Device should send log
messages by e-mail.
•Daily
•Weekly
•Hourly
•When Log is Full
•None.
If the Weekly or the Daily option is selected, specify a time of day
when the E-mail should be sent. If the Weekly option is selected, then
also specify which day of the week the E-mail should be sent. If the
When Log is Full option is selected, an alert is sent when the log fills
up. If you select None, no log messages are sent.
Day for Sending
Log This field is only available when you select Weekly in the Log
Schedule field.
Select which day of the week to send the logs.
Time for
Sending Log This field is only available when you select Daily or Weekly in the Log
Schedule field.
Enter the time of day in 24-hour format (for example 23:00 equals
11:00 pm) to send the logs.
Clear log after
sending mail Select this to clear all logs and alert messages after logs are sent by e-
mail.
Syslog Logging
Active Select this to enable syslog logging.
Syslog Server
IP Address Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that logs the
selected categories of logs.
Log Facility Select a location. The log facility allows you to log the messages in
different files in the syslog server. See the documentation of your
syslog for more details.
Active Log and Alert
Log Select the categories of logs that you want to record.
Send
immediate alert Select the categories of alerts that you want the WiMAX Device to send
immediately.
Apply Click to save your changes.
Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Table 94 TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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19.4 Log Message Descriptions
The following tables provide descriptions of example log messages.
Table 95 System Error Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
WAN connection is down. The WAN connection is down. You cannot access the
network through this interface.
%s exceeds the max.
number of session per
host!
This attempt to create a NAT session exceeds the
maximum number of NAT session table entries allowed to
be created per host.
Table 96 System Maintenance Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Time calibration is
successful The device has adjusted its time based on information
from the time server.
Time calibration failed The device failed to get information from the time
server.
WAN interface gets IP: %s The WAN interface got a new IP address from the
DHCP or PPPoE server.
DHCP client gets %s A DHCP client got a new IP address from the DHCP
server.
DHCP client IP expired A DHCP client's IP address has expired.
DHCP server assigns %s The DHCP server assigned an IP address to a client.
Successful WEB login Someone has logged on to the device's web
configurator interface.
WEB login failed Someone has failed to log on to the device's web
configurator interface.
TELNET Login Successfully Someone has logged on to the router via telnet.
TELNET Login Fail Someone has failed to log on to the router via telnet.
Successful FTP login Someone has logged on to the device via ftp.
FTP login failed Someone has failed to log on to the device via ftp.
NAT Session Table is Full! The maximum number of NAT session table entries
has been exceeded and the table is full.
Time initialized by Daytime
Server The device got the time and date from the Daytime
server.
Time initialized by Time
server The device got the time and date from the time
server.
Time initialized by NTP
server The device got the time and date from the NTP
server.
Connect to Daytime server
fail The device was not able to connect to the Daytime
server.
Connect to Time server fail The device was not able to connect to the Time
server.
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Connect to NTP server fail The device was not able to connect to the NTP server.
Too large ICMP packet has
been dropped The device dropped an ICMP packet that was too
large.
Configuration Change: PC =
0x%x, Task ID = 0x%x The device is saving configuration changes.
Table 97 Access Control Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Firewall default policy: [ TCP |
UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]
<Packet Direction>
Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access
matched the default policy and was blocked or
forwarded according to the default policy’s
setting.
Firewall rule [NOT] match:[ TCP
| UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF
] <Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>
Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access
matched (or did not match) a configured firewall
rule (denoted by its number) and was blocked or
forwarded according to the rule.
Triangle route packet forwarded:
[ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE |
OSPF ]
The firewall allowed a triangle route session to
pass through.
Packet without a NAT table entry
blocked: [ TCP | UDP | IGMP |
ESP | GRE | OSPF ]
The router blocked a packet that didn't have a
corresponding NAT table entry.
Router sent blocked web site
message: TCP The router sent a message to notify a user that
the router blocked access to a web site that the
user requested.
Exceed maximum sessions per host
(%d). The device blocked a session because the host's
connections exceeded the maximum sessions per
host.
Firewall allowed a packet that
matched a NAT session: [ TCP |
UDP ]
A packet from the WAN (TCP or UDP) matched a
cone NAT session and the device forwarded it to
the LAN.
Table 98 TCP Reset Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Under SYN flood attack,
sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a host was
under a SYN flood attack (the TCP incomplete count is per
destination host.)
Exceed TCP MAX
incomplete, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of
TCP incomplete connections exceeded the user configured
threshold. (the TCP incomplete count is per destination
host.)
Peer TCP state out of
order, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a TCP
connection state was out of order.Note: The firewall
refers to RFC793 Figure 6 to check the TCP state.
Table 96 System Maintenance Logs (continued)
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
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For type and code details, see Table 106 on page 239.
Firewall session time
out, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a dynamic
firewall session timed out.
The default timeout values are as follows:
ICMP idle timeout: 3 minutes
UDP idle timeout: 3 minutes
TCP connection (three way handshaking) timeout: 270
seconds
TCP FIN-wait timeout: 2 MSL (Maximum Segment
Lifetime set in the TCP header).
TCP idle (established) timeout (s): 150 minutes
TCP reset timeout: 10 seconds
Exceed MAX incomplete,
sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of
incomplete connections (TCP and UDP) exceeded the
user-configured threshold. (Incomplete count is for all
TCP and UDP connections through the firewall.)Note:
When the number of incomplete connections (TCP + UDP)
> “Maximum Incomplete High”, the router sends TCP RST
packets for TCP connections and destroys TOS (firewall
dynamic sessions) until incomplete connections <
“Maximum Incomplete Low”.
Access block, sent TCP
RST The router sends a TCP RST packet and generates this log
if you turn on the firewall TCP reset mechanism (via CI
command: sys firewall tcprst).
Table 99 Packet Filter Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
[ TCP | UDP | ICMP | IGMP |
Generic ] packet filter
matched (set: %d, rule: %d)
Attempted access matched a configured filter rule
(denoted by its set and rule number) and was blocked
or forwarded according to the rule.
Table 100 ICMP Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Firewall default policy: ICMP
<Packet Direction>, <type:%d>,
<code:%d>
ICMP access matched the default policy and was
blocked or forwarded according to the user's
setting.
Firewall rule [NOT] match: ICMP
<Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>,
<type:%d>, <code:%d>
ICMP access matched (or didn’t match) a firewall
rule (denoted by its number) and was blocked or
forwarded according to the rule.
Triangle route packet forwarded:
ICMP The firewall allowed a triangle route session to
pass through.
Table 98 TCP Reset Logs (continued)
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
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Packet without a NAT table entry
blocked: ICMP The router blocked a packet that didn’t have a
corresponding NAT table entry.
Unsupported/out-of-order ICMP:
ICMP The firewall does not support this kind of ICMP
packets or the ICMP packets are out of order.
Router reply ICMP packet: ICMP The router sent an ICMP reply packet to the
sender.
Table 101 PPP Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
ppp:LCP Starting The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage has started.
ppp:LCP Opening The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage is opening.
ppp:CHAP Opening The PPP connection’s Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
stage is opening.
ppp:IPCP
Starting The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is
starting.
ppp:IPCP Opening The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is
opening.
ppp:LCP Closing The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage is closing.
ppp:IPCP Closing The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is
closing.
Table 102 UPnP Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
UPnP pass through Firewall UPnP packets can pass through the firewall.
Table 103 Content Filtering Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
%s: Keyword blocking The content of a requested web page matched a user defined
keyword.
%s: Not in trusted web
list The web site is not in a trusted domain, and the router blocks
all traffic except trusted domain sites.
%s: Forbidden Web site The web site is in the forbidden web site list.
%s: Contains ActiveX The web site contains ActiveX.
%s: Contains Java
applet The web site contains a Java applet.
%s: Contains cookie The web site contains a cookie.
%s: Proxy mode
detected The router detected proxy mode in the packet.
Table 100 ICMP Logs (continued)
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
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For type and code details, see Table 106 on page 239.
%s: Trusted Web site The web site is in a trusted domain.
%s When the content filter is not on according to the time
schedule:
Waiting content
filter server
timeout
The external content filtering server did not respond within
the timeout period.
DNS resolving
failed The WiMAX Device cannot get the IP address of the external
content filtering via DNS query.
Creating socket
failed The WiMAX Device cannot issue a query because TCP/UDP
socket creation failed, port:port number.
Connecting to
content filter
server fail
The connection to the external content filtering server failed.
License key is
invalid The external content filtering license key is invalid.
Table 104 Attack Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
attack [ TCP | UDP | IGMP
| ESP | GRE | OSPF ] The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF
attack.
attack ICMP (type:%d,
code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP attack.
land [ TCP | UDP | IGMP |
ESP | GRE | OSPF ] The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF
land attack.
land ICMP (type:%d,
code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP land attack.
ip spoofing - WAN [ TCP |
UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE |
OSPF ]
The firewall detected an IP spoofing attack on the WAN
port.
ip spoofing - WAN ICMP
(type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP IP spoofing attack on the
WAN port.
icmp echo : ICMP
(type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP echo attack.
syn flood TCP The firewall detected a TCP syn flood attack.
ports scan TCP The firewall detected a TCP port scan attack.
teardrop TCP The firewall detected a TCP teardrop attack.
teardrop UDP The firewall detected an UDP teardrop attack.
teardrop ICMP (type:%d,
code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP teardrop attack.
illegal command TCP The firewall detected a TCP illegal command attack.
NetBIOS TCP The firewall detected a TCP NetBIOS attack.
Table 103 Content Filtering Logs (continued)
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
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ip spoofing - no routing
entry [ TCP | UDP | IGMP
| ESP | GRE | OSPF ]
The firewall classified a packet with no source routing
entry as an IP spoofing attack.
ip spoofing - no routing
entry ICMP (type:%d,
code:%d)
The firewall classified an ICMP packet with no source
routing entry as an IP spoofing attack.
vulnerability ICMP
(type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP vulnerability attack.
traceroute ICMP (type:%d,
code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP traceroute attack.
ports scan UDP The firewall detected a UDP port scan attack.
Firewall sent TCP packet
in response to DoS attack
TCP
The firewall sent TCP packet in response to a DoS attack
ICMP Source Quench ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP Source Quench attack.
ICMP Time Exceed ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP Time Exceed attack.
ICMP Destination
Unreachable ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP Destination Unreachable
attack.
ping of death. ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP ping of death attack.
smurf ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP smurf attack.
Table 105 Remote Management Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Remote Management: FTP denied Attempted use of FTP service was blocked according
to remote management settings.
Remote Management: TELNET
denied Attempted use of TELNET service was blocked
according to remote management settings.
Remote Management: HTTP or
UPnP denied Attempted use of HTTP or UPnP service was blocked
according to remote management settings.
Remote Management: WWW denied Attempted use of WWW service was blocked
according to remote management settings.
Remote Management: HTTPS
denied Attempted use of HTTPS service was blocked
according to remote management settings.
Remote Management: SSH denied Attempted use of SSH service was blocked
according to remote management settings.
Remote Management: ICMP Ping
response denied Attempted use of ICMP service was blocked
according to remote management settings.
Remote Management: DNS denied Attempted use of DNS service was blocked
according to remote management settings.
Table 104 Attack Logs (continued)
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
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Table 106 ICMP Notes
TYPE CODE DESCRIPTION
0Echo Reply
0Echo reply message
3Destination Unreachable
0Net unreachable
1Host unreachable
2Protocol unreachable
3Port unreachable
4A packet that needed fragmentation was dropped because it was set
to Don't Fragment (DF)
5Source route failed
4Source Quench
0A gateway may discard internet datagrams if it does not have the
buffer space needed to queue the datagrams for output to the next
network on the route to the destination network.
5Redirect
0Redirect datagrams for the Network
1Redirect datagrams for the Host
2Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Network
3Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Host
8Echo
0Echo message
11 Time Exceeded
0Time to live exceeded in transit
1Fragment reassembly time exceeded
12 Parameter Problem
0Pointer indicates the error
13 Timestamp
0Timestamp request message
14 Timestamp Reply
0Timestamp reply message
15 Information Request
0Information request message
16 Information Reply
0Information reply message
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Table 107 SIP Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
SIP Registration Success
by SIP:SIP Phone Number The listed SIP account was successfully registered with a
SIP register server.
SIP Registration Fail by
SIP:SIP Phone Number An attempt to register the listed SIP account with a SIP
register server was not successful.
SIP UnRegistration
Success by SIP:SIP Phone
Number
The listed SIP account’s registration was deleted from
the SIP register server.
SIP UnRegistration Fail
by SIP:SIP Phone Number An attempt to delete the listed SIP account’s registration
from the SIP register server failed.
Table 108 RTP Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Error, RTP init fail The initialization of an RTP session failed.
Error, Call fail: RTP
connect fail A VoIP phone call failed because the RTP session could
not be established.
Error, RTP connection
cannot close The termination of an RTP session failed.
Table 109 FSM Logs: Caller Side
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
VoIP Call Start Ph[Phone
Port Number] <- Outgoing
Call Number
Someone used a phone connected to the listed phone
port to initiate a VoIP call to the listed destination.
VoIP Call Established
Ph[Phone Port] ->
Outgoing Call Number
Someone used a phone connected to the listed phone
port to make a VoIP call to the listed destination.
VoIP Call End Phone[Phone
Port] A VoIP phone call made from a phone connected to the
listed phone port has terminated.
Table 110 FSM Logs: Callee Side
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
VoIP Call Start from
SIP[SIP Port Number] A VoIP phone call came to the WiMAX Device from the listed
SIP number.
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VoIP Call Established
Ph[Phone Port] <-
Outgoing Call Number
A VoIP phone call was set up from the listed SIP number to
the WiMAX Device.
VoIP Call End
Phone[Phone Port] A VoIP phone call that came into the WiMAX Device has
terminated.
Table 111 Lifeline Logs
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
PSTN Call Start A PSTN call has been initiated.
PSTN Call End A PSTN call has terminated.
PSTN Call Established A PSTN call has been set up.
Table 110 FSM Logs: Callee Side (continued)
LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 20
The UPnP Screen
20.1 Overview
Use the TOOLS > UPnP screen to enable the WiMAX Device’s UPnP feature.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that
uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A
UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its
capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can
leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
20.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
The UPnP screen (Section 20.2 on page 244) lets you enable the UPnP feature in
your WiMAX Device.
20.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder
(Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear
as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the
information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate
through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network
addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and
enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows
the following:
•Dynamic port mapping
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•Learning public IP addresses
•Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal
and UPnP.
See Chapter 10 on page 125 for further information about NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own
services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network
information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in
some network environments.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without
additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP and ZyXEL
ZyXEL has received UPnP certification from the official UPnP Forum (http://
www.upnp.org). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports IGD 1.0 (Internet
Gateway Device).
The WiMAX Device only sends UPnP multicasts to the LAN.
20.2 UPnP
Click TOOLS > UPnP to enable UPnP in your WiMAX Device.
Figure 109 TOOLS > UPnP
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
20.3 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX
Device features described in this chapter.
20.3.1 Installing UPnP in Windows XP
Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP.
1Click Start > Control Panel.
2Double-click Network Connections.
3In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and
select Optional Networking Components ….
Figure 110 Network Connections
Table 112 TOOLS > UPnP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Name This field identifies your device in UPnP applications.
Enable the
Universal Plug
and Play (UPnP)
Feature
Select this to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP
application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering
the WiMAX Device's IP address. You still have to enter the password,
however.
Allow users to
make
configuration
changes
through UPnP
Select this to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically
configure the WiMAX Device so that they can communicate through the
WiMAX Device. For example, using NAT traversal, UPnP applications
automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate
with another UPnP enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually
configure port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application.
Allow UPnP to
pass through
Firewall
Select this to allow traffic from UPnP-enabled applications to bypass the
firewall. Clear this if you want the firewall to check UPnP application
packets (for example, MSN packets).
Apply Click to save your changes.
Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
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4The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays.
Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details.
Figure 111 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard
5In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check
box.
Figure 112 Networking Services
6Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard
window and click Next.
20.3.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device in
Windows XP
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must
already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the WiMAX
Device.
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Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the WiMAX Device. Turn on
your computer and the WiMAX Device.
1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon
displays under Internet Gateway.
2Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Figure 113 Network Connections
3In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port
mappings there were automatically created.
Figure 114 Internet Connection Properties
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4You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port
mappings.
Figure 115 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 116 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
5When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
6Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK.
An icon displays in the system tray.
Figure 117 System Tray Icon
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7Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Figure 118 Internet Connection Status
20.3.2 Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the WiMAX Device
without finding out the IP address of the WiMAX Device first. This becomes helpful
if you do not know the IP address of the WiMAX Device.
Follow the steps below to access the web configurator:
1Click Start and then Control Panel.
2Double-click Network Connections.
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3Select My Network Places under Other Places.
Figure 119 Network Connections
4An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local
Network.
5Right-click on the icon for your WiMAX Device and select Invoke. The web
configurator login screen displays.
Figure 120 Network Connections: My Network Places
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