ZyXEL Communications NBG4104 Wireless N-lite Managed Router User Manual V 2
ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless N-lite Managed Router V 2
User manual V.2
www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
NBG4104
Wireless N-lite Managed Router
Copyright © 2011
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
Firmware Version 1.0
Edition 1, 11/2011
Default Login Details
IP Address http://192.168.1.1
User Name admin
Password 1234
About This User's Guide
NBG4104 User’s Guide 3
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NBG4104 using the Web Configurator.
Tips for Reading User’s Guides On-Screen
When reading a ZyXEL User’s Guide On-Screen, keep the following in mind:
• If you don’t already have the latest version of Adobe Reader, you can download it from http://
www.adobe.com.
• Use the PDF’s bookmarks to quickly navigate to the areas that interest you. Adobe Reader’s
bookmarks pane opens by default in all ZyXEL User’s Guide PDFs.
• If you know the page number or know vaguely which page-range you want to view, you can
enter a number in the toolbar in Reader, then press [ENTER] to jump directly to that page.
• Type [CTRL]+[F] to open the Adobe Reader search utility and enter a word or phrase. This can
help you quickly pinpoint the information you require. You can also enter text directly into the
toolbar in Reader.
• To quickly move around within a page, press the [SPACE] bar. This turns your cursor into a
“hand” with which you can grab the page and move it around freely on your screen.
• Embedded hyperlinks are actually cross-references to related text. Click them to jump to the
corresponding section of the User’s Guide PDF.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get your NBG4104 up and running right away. It
contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
•Support Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
Document Conventions
NBG4104 User’s Guide
4
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The NBG4104 may be referred to as the “NBG4104”, the “device”, the “product” or the “system”
in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the
“enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. “Select”
or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel,
then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For example, “k”
for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so
on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
Document Conventions
NBG4104 User’s Guide 5
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The NBG4104 icon is not an exact
representation of your device.
NBG4104 Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
Modem
Safety Warnings
NBG4104 User’s Guide
6
Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock
from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage
points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please
contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or
230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can
walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of
electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included
antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for
Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic
products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment
should be treated separately.
Contents Overview
NBG4104 User’s Guide 7
Contents Overview
User’s Guide ...........................................................................................................................15
Introduction ................................................................................................................................17
The WPS Button ........................................................................................................................20
Introducing the Web Configurator ..............................................................................................21
Monitor .......................................................................................................................................25
NBG4104 Modes ........................................................................................................................31
Router Mode ..............................................................................................................................32
Access Point Mode ....................................................................................................................38
Tutorials .....................................................................................................................................45
Technical Reference ..............................................................................................................53
Wireless LAN .............................................................................................................................55
WAN ...........................................................................................................................................69
LAN ............................................................................................................................................81
DHCP Server .............................................................................................................................85
NAT ............................................................................................................................................89
DDNS .........................................................................................................................................95
Static Route ................................................................................................................................97
VLAN Operation .......................................................................................................................101
Interface Group ........................................................................................................................107
Firewall ..................................................................................................................................... 111
Content Filtering ....................................................................................................................... 117
Remote Management ...............................................................................................................121
Bandwidth Management ..........................................................................................................130
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ..............................................................................................136
Maintenance .............................................................................................................................143
Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................151
Contents Overview
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8
Table of Contents
NBG4104 User’s Guide 9
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions ...........................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 6
Contents Overview ..................................................................................................................7
Table of Contents .....................................................................................................................9
Part I: User’s Guide ................................................................................15
Chapter 1
Introduction............................................................................................................................. 17
1.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................17
1.2 Applications ..........................................................................................................................17
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG4104 ...........................................................................................17
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG4104 ............................................................................17
1.5 LEDs ....................................................................................................................................18
Chapter 2
The WPS Button...................................................................................................................... 20
2.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................20
Chapter 3
Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................21
3.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................21
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator ..........................................................................................21
3.2.1 Login Screen ..............................................................................................................22
3.2.2 Password Screen .......................................................................................................22
3.3 Resetting the NBG4104 .......................................................................................................23
3.3.1 How to Use the RESET Button ...................................................................................23
Chapter 4
Monitor.....................................................................................................................................25
4.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................25
4.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................25
4.3 The Log Screen ....................................................................................................................25
4.3.1 View Log .....................................................................................................................26
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4.3.2 Log Settings ................................................................................................................26
4.4 DHCP Table .........................................................................................................................26
4.5 Packet Statistics ...................................................................................................................28
4.6 WLAN Station Status ............................................................................................................28
Chapter 5
NBG4104 Modes .....................................................................................................................31
5.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................31
5.1.1 Device Modes .............................................................................................................31
Chapter 6
Router Mode............................................................................................................................32
6.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................32
6.2 Router Mode Status Screen .................................................................................................33
6.2.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................35
Chapter 7
Access Point Mode.................................................................................................................38
7.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................38
7.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................38
7.3 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................38
7.3.1 Setting your NBG4104 to AP Mode ............................................................................39
7.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode .............................................39
7.3.3 Configuring your WLAN and Maintenance Settings ...................................................39
7.4 AP Mode Status Screen .......................................................................................................40
7.5 LAN Screen ..........................................................................................................................43
Chapter 8
Tutorials...................................................................................................................................45
8.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................45
8.2 Set Up a Wireless Network with WPS ..................................................................................45
8.2.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) ...............................................................................45
8.2.2 PIN Configuration .......................................................................................................46
8.3 Configure Wireless Security without WPS ...........................................................................47
8.3.1 Configure Your Notebook ...........................................................................................49
8.4 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG4104 ................................................................................50
8.4.1 Configuring Security Settings of Multiple SSIDs .........................................................51
Part II: Technical Reference...................................................................53
Chapter 9
Wireless LAN........................................................................................................................... 55
Table of Contents
NBG4104 User’s Guide 11
9.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................55
9.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................55
9.3 What You Should Know .......................................................................................................56
9.4 General Wireless LAN Screen ............................................................................................58
9.5 Wireless Security .................................................................................................................60
9.5.1 No Security .................................................................................................................60
9.5.2 WEP Encryption .........................................................................................................60
9.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ................................................................................................62
9.6 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................62
9.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen ..........................................................................................63
9.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen ..........................................................................................65
9.9 WPS Screen .........................................................................................................................65
9.10 WPS Station Screen ...........................................................................................................66
9.11 Scheduling Screen .............................................................................................................67
Chapter 10
WAN ......................................................................................................................................... 69
10.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................69
10.2 What You Can Do ..............................................................................................................69
10.3 What You Need To Know ...................................................................................................69
10.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection .......................................................................70
10.3.2 Multicast ...................................................................................................................71
10.4 Management WAN .............................................................................................................72
10.4.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ....................................................................................73
10.4.2 Ethernet Encapsulation ............................................................................................73
10.4.3 PPPoE Encapsulation ..............................................................................................75
10.4.4 Bridge Encapsulation ................................................................................................78
10.5 Advanced WAN Screen .....................................................................................................79
Chapter 11
LAN ..........................................................................................................................................81
11.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................81
11.2 What You Can Do ...............................................................................................................81
11.3 What You Need To Know ....................................................................................................82
11.3.1 IP Pool Setup ............................................................................................................82
11.3.2 LAN TCP/IP ..............................................................................................................82
11.3.3 IP Alias ......................................................................................................................82
11.4 LAN IP Screen ....................................................................................................................83
11.5 IP Alias Screen ...................................................................................................................83
Chapter 12
DHCP Server ...........................................................................................................................85
12.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................85
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12.2 What You Can Do ..............................................................................................................85
12.3 What You Need To Know ...................................................................................................85
12.4 The DHCP General Screen ................................................................................................86
12.5 The DHCP Advanced Screen ...........................................................................................87
Chapter 13
NAT...........................................................................................................................................89
13.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................89
13.2 What You Can Do ..............................................................................................................90
13.3 What You Need To Know ...................................................................................................90
13.4 The NAT General Screen ...................................................................................................92
13.5 The NAT Application Screen .............................................................................................92
Chapter 14
DDNS........................................................................................................................................95
14.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................95
14.2 What You Need To Know ...................................................................................................95
14.3 The DDNS General Screen ...............................................................................................96
Chapter 15
Static Route.............................................................................................................................97
15.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................97
15.2 IP Static Route Screen ......................................................................................................98
Chapter 16
VLAN Operation....................................................................................................................101
16.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................101
16.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................101
16.3 LAN To WAN Screen ........................................................................................................101
16.3.1 Add/Edit VLAN Rule ...............................................................................................103
16.4 WAN To LAN Screen ........................................................................................................105
Chapter 17
Interface Group.....................................................................................................................107
17.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................107
17.2 The Interface Group Screen .............................................................................................107
17.2.1 Interface Group Configuration ................................................................................108
Chapter 18
Firewall .................................................................................................................................. 111
18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 111
18.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 111
18.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 112
Table of Contents
NBG4104 User’s Guide 13
18.4 The Firewall General Screen ......................................................................................... 113
18.5 The Access Control Rule Screen ..................................................................................... 114
18.5.1 Access Control Rule Edit ....................................................................................... 115
18.6 The Services Screen ........................................................................................................ 116
Chapter 19
Content Filtering................................................................................................................... 117
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 117
19.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 117
19.3 Content Filter .................................................................................................................... 118
19.4 Technical Reference .........................................................................................................119
19.4.1 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking ...................................................... 119
Chapter 20
Remote Management............................................................................................................121
20.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................121
20.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................................................................121
20.2.1 Remote Management and NAT ..............................................................................121
20.3 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................121
20.4 The WWW Screen .........................................................................................................122
20.5 The Telnet Screen ............................................................................................................123
20.6 The FTP Screen ...............................................................................................................124
20.7 The SNMP Screen ...........................................................................................................124
20.8 The TR069 Screen ...........................................................................................................127
20.9 The Import CA Screen .....................................................................................................128
Chapter 21
Bandwidth Management.......................................................................................................130
21.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................130
21.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................130
21.3 What You Need To Know .................................................................................................130
21.4 The Bandwidth MGMT General Screen ...........................................................................131
21.5 The Bandwidth MGMT Advanced Screen ........................................................................132
21.5.1 User Defined Service Rule Configuration ..............................................................134
21.5.2 Services and Port Numbers ....................................................................................135
Chapter 22
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)..........................................................................................136
22.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................136
22.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................................................................136
22.2.1 NAT Traversal .........................................................................................................136
22.2.2 Cautions with UPnP ................................................................................................136
22.3 UPnP Screen ...................................................................................................................137
Table of Contents
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22.4 Technical Reference .........................................................................................................137
22.4.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ....................................................................137
22.4.2 Web Configurator Easy Access ..............................................................................140
Chapter 23
Maintenance..........................................................................................................................143
23.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................143
23.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................143
23.3 General Screen ...............................................................................................................143
23.4 Password Screen .............................................................................................................144
23.5 Time Setting Screen .........................................................................................................145
23.6 Firmware Upgrade Screen ...............................................................................................146
23.7 Configuration Backup/Restore Screen .............................................................................147
23.8 Restart Screen .................................................................................................................148
23.9 System Operation Mode ..................................................................................................149
23.10 Sys OP Mode Screen .....................................................................................................150
Chapter 24
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................151
24.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................151
24.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs .......................................................................151
24.3 NBG4104 Access and Login ............................................................................................152
24.4 Internet Access ................................................................................................................154
24.5 Resetting the NBG4104 to Its Factory Defaults ...............................................................155
24.6 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ...............................................................................155
Appendix A Product Specifications......................................................................................159
24.7 Wall-mounting Instructions ...............................................................................................161
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions .......................................163
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting...........................................................................175
Appendix D Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address ..........................................................185
Appendix E Wireless LANs..................................................................................................213
Appendix F Common Services ............................................................................................ 227
Appendix G Legal Information .............................................................................................231
Index ......................................................................................................................................241
15
PART I
User’s Guide
16
NBG4104 User’s Guide 17
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG4104.
The NBG4104 extends the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring, providing
easy network access to mobile users. You can set up a wireless network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/
n compatible devices.
A range of services such as a firewall and content filtering are also available for secure Internet
computing.
1.2 Applications
Your can create the following networks using the NBG4104:
•Wired. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG4104 so that they can
communicate with each other and access the Internet.
•Wireless. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG4104 to access network resources.
•WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access.
•WPS. Create an instant network connection with another WPS-compatible device, sharing your
network connection with it.
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG4104
Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG4104.
• WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). You can use the WPS button or the WPS section of the Web
Configurator to set up a wireless network with your ZyXEL Device.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG4104 using a
(supported) web browser.
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG4104
Do the following things regularly to make the NBG4104 more secure and to manage the NBG4104
more effectively.
Chapter 1 Introduction
NBG4104 User’s Guide
18
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different
types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier
working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you
forget your password, you will have to reset the NBG4104 to its factory default settings. If you
backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG4104.
You could simply restore your last configuration.
1.5 LEDs
Figure 1 Front Panel
The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button.
Table 1 Front panel LEDs and WPS button
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Power Green On The NBG4104 is receiving power and functioning properly.
Blinking The NBG4104 is booting up.
Off The NBG4104 is not receiving power.
WPS Green On The WPS status is configured.
Blinking The NBG4104 is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless
client.
Off The WPS function is disabled on the NBG4104.
WAN Green On The NBG4104’s WAN connection is ready.
Blinking The NBG4104 is sending/receiving data through the WAN with a
10/100Mbps transmission rate.
Off The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed.
WLAN Green On The NBG4104 is ready, but is not sending/receiving data
through the wireless LAN.
Blinking The NBG4104 is sending/receiving data through the wireless
LAN.
Off The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed.
Power
LAN 1-4
WAN
WLAN
WPS
Chapter 1 Introduction
NBG4104 User’s Guide 19
LAN 1-4 Green On The NBG4104’s LAN connection is ready.
Blinking The NBG4104 is sending/receiving data through the LAN with a
10/100Mbps transmission rate.
Off The LAN connection is not ready, or has failed.
Table 1 Front panel LEDs and WPS button (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
NBG4104 User’s Guide 20
CHAPTER 2
The WPS Button
2.1 Overview
Your NBG4104 supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure
wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device
to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set
up a secure network by themselves.
For more information on using WPS, see Section 8.2 on page 45.
NBG4104 User’s Guide 21
CHAPTER 3
Introducing the Web Configurator
3.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to access the NBG4104 Web Configurator and provides an overview of
its screens.
The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and
management of the NBG4104 via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions,
Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions, or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen
resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter (Chapter 24 on page 151) to see how to make sure these
functions are allowed in Internet Explorer.
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator
1Make sure your NBG4104 hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer
network to connect to the NBG4104 (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2Launch your web browser.
3Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address.
Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address.
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
NBG4104 User’s Guide
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3.2.1 Login Screen
The Web Configurator initially displays the following login screen.
Figure 2 Login screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
3.2.2 Password Screen
You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown
next.
Figure 3 Change Password Screen
Table 2 Login screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
User Name Type “admin” (default) as the user name.
Password Type “1234” (default) as the password.
Login Click Login to enter the NBG4104’s web configurator.
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
NBG4104 User’s Guide 23
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the
Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes; go to Chapter
23 on page 143 to change this). Simply log back into the NBG4104 if this happens.
3.3 Resetting the NBG4104
If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need
to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG4104 to reload the factory-default configuration
file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the password
will be reset to “1234” and the IP address will be reset to “192.168.1.1”.
3.3.1 How to Use the RESET Button
1Make sure the power LED is on.
2Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG4104.
3Press the RESET button for longer than 5 seconds to set the NBG4104 back to its factory-default
configurations.
Table 3 Change Password Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
New Password Type a new password.
Retype to Confirm Retype the password for confirmation.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Ignore Click Ignore if you do not want to change the password this time.
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
NBG4104 User’s Guide
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NBG4104 User’s Guide 25
CHAPTER 4
Monitor
4.1 Overview
This chapter discusses read-only information related to the device state of the NBG4104.
To access the Monitor screens, click . Click open all to show the complete menu.
You can also click the links in the Summary table of the Status screen to view the bandwidth
consumed, packets sent/received as well as the status of clients connected to the NBG4104.
4.2 What You Can Do
•Use the Log screen to see the logs for the activity on the NBG4104 (Section 4.3 on page 25).
•Use the DHCP Table screen to view information related to your DHCP status (Section 4.4 on
page 26).
•use the Statistics screen to view port statistics and the "system up time" (Section 4.5 on page
28).
•Use the WLAN Station Status screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG4104 (Section 4.6 on page 28).
4.3 The Log Screen
The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG4104’s logs in one location.
Chapter 4 Monitor
NBG4104 User’s Guide
26
4.3.1 View Log
Click Monitor > Log to open the View Log screen. You can see the logged messages for the
NBG4104. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click Clear Logs to delete
all the logs. Click Refresh to renew the log screen.
Figure 4 View Log
4.3.2 Log Settings
Click Monitor > Log to open the Log Settings screen. You can configure syslog settings.
Figure 5 Log Settings
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
4.4 DHCP Table
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to
obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG4104’s LAN as a
DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG4104 provides the TCP/IP
Table 4 Monitor > Log > Log Settings
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this to enable syslog logging.
Syslog Server IP
Address
Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that logs the selected
categories of logs.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 4 Monitor
NBG4104 User’s Guide 27
configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on
that network, or else the computer must be manually configured.
Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen or Monitor > DHCP Table.
Read-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP client
information (including Host Name, IP Address, and Mac Address) of all network clients using
the NBG4104’s DHCP server.
Figure 6 Summary: DHCP Table
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 5 Summary: DHCP Table
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the host computer.
IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Host Name This field displays the computer host name.
MAC Address This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name
field.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely
identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs
of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Refresh Click Refresh to renew the screen.
Chapter 4 Monitor
NBG4104 User’s Guide
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4.5 Packet Statistics
Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen or Monitor > Statistics.
Read-only information here includes port statistics and the "system up time". The Poll Interval(s)
field is configurable and is used for refreshing the screen.
Figure 7 Summary: Packet Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
4.6 WLAN Station Status
Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen or Monitor > WLAN
Station Status. View the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG4104 in the
Association List. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your network or computer
Table 6 Summary: Packet Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the NBG4104’s port type.
TxPkts This is the number of transmitted packets on this port.
RxPkts This is the number of received packets on this port.
TxBytes This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port.
RxBytes This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port.
Up Time This is the total time the NBG4104 has been for each session.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG4104 has been on.
Poll Interval(s) Enter the time interval in seconds for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval(s)
field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Refresh Click Refresh to renew the screen.
Chapter 4 Monitor
NBG4104 User’s Guide 29
with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the
same SSID, channel and security settings.
Figure 8 Summary: Wireless Association List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Summary: Wireless Association List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of an associated wireless station.
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station.
Association Time This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the NBG4104’s WLAN
network.
Refresh Click Refresh to reload the list.
Chapter 4 Monitor
NBG4104 User’s Guide
30
NBG4104 User’s Guide 31
CHAPTER 5
NBG4104 Modes
5.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the operating mode of your NBG4104, or simply how the NBG4104 is being
used in the network.
5.1.1 Device Modes
These are the operating mode of the NBG4104:
•Router: This is the default device mode of the NBG4104. Use this mode to connect the local
network to another network, like the Internet. Go to Section 6.2 on page 33 to view the Status
screen in this mode.
•Access Point: Use this mode if you want to extend your network by allowing network devices to
connect to the NBG4104 wirelessly. Go to Section 7.4 on page 40 to view the Status screen in
this mode.
For more information on these modes and to change the mode of your NBG4104, refer to Chapter
23 on page 150.
Note: Choose your Device Mode carefully to avoid having to change it later.
When changing to another mode, the IP address of the NBG4104 changes. The running applications
and services of the network devices connected to the NBG4104 can be interrupted.
NBG4104 User’s Guide 32
CHAPTER 6
Router Mode
6.1 Overview
The NBG4104 is set to router mode by default. Routers are used to connect the local network to
another network (for example, the Internet). In the figure below, the NBG4104 connects the local
network (LAN1 ~ LAN4) to the Internet.
Figure 9 NBG4104 Network
Modem
Chapter 6 Router Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide 33
6.2 Router Mode Status Screen
Click to open the status screen.
Figure 10 Status Screen: Router Mode
The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen.
Table 8 Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode
ICON DESCRIPTION
Logout Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information.
Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh all screen statistics
automatically at the end of every time interval or to not refresh the screen statistics.
Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics.
Click this icon to see the Status page. The information in this screen depends on the device
mode you select.
Click this icon to see the Monitor navigation menu.
Click this icon to see the Configuration navigation menu.
Click this icon to see the Maintenance navigation menu.
Chapter 6 Router Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide
34
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 9 Status Screen: Router Mode
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
Host Name This is the device’s host name.
Firmware Version This is the firmware version.
WAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
- Mode This shows the device mode to which the NBG4104 is set.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - Server or Disable.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Radio This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - ON or OFF.
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG4104 in the wireless LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG4104 is currently using over the wireless LAN.
- Security Mode This shows the level of wireless security the NBG4104 is using.
- 802.11 Mode This shows the wireless standard.
- WPS This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up.
This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up.
Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
System Status
Item This column shows the type of data the NBG4104 is recording.
Data This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG4104.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG4104 has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG4104’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage This displays what percentage of the NBG4104’s processing ability is currently used. When
this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG4104 is running at full load, and the throughput is
not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you
should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.)
- Memory Usage This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG4104 is using.
System Setting
- UPnP This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not.
Interface Status
Interface This displays the NBG4104 port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN and WLAN.
Chapter 6 Router Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide 35
6.2.1 Navigation Panel
Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG4104 features.
Figure 11 Navigation Panel: Router Mode
Status For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or
connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is
disabled.
Rate For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is
disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet
encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/
A when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary
DHCP Table Click Details... to go to the Monitor > DHCP Table screen (Section 4.4 on page 26). Use
this screen to view current DHCP client information.
Packet Statistics Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 4.5 on page 28).
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN Station Status screen (Section 4.6 on page
28). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the
NBG4104.
Table 9 Status Screen: Router Mode (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 Router Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide
36
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 10 Navigation Panel: Router Mode
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Status This screen shows the NBG4104’s general device, system and interface
status information. Use this screen to access the summary statistics tables.
MONITOR
Log Use this screen to view the list of activities recorded by your NBG4104.
DHCP Table Use this screen to view current DHCP client information.
Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station
Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG4104.
CONFIGURATION
Networking
Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN and the level of wireless security
for the NBG4104.
MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG4104 to block access to
devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG4104.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
QoS Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM QoS).
WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery
requirements of individual services.
WPS Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Station Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled.
WAN Management
WAN
This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, DNS servers, the WAN MAC address, and VLAN settings.
Advanced Use this screen to configure multicast and auto-subnet.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask.
IP Alias Use this screen to have the NBG4104 apply IP alias to create LAN subnets.
DHCP Server General Use this screen to enable the NBG4104’s DHCP server.
Advanced Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers
based on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the
DHCP server.
NAT General Use this screen to enable NAT.
Application Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG4104.
DDNS General Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS.
Static Route IP Static
Route
Use this screen to configure IP static routes.
VLAN
Operation LAN to WAN Use this screen to configure QoS rules and actions for LAN to WAN traffic.
WAN to LAN Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of
traffic sent out through individual LAN ports.
Interface
Group Interface
Group
Use this screen to add a LAN interface or a VLAN ID to a new group.
Security
Chapter 6 Router Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide 37
Firewall General Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall and Anti-Dos Attack.
Access
Control Rule
This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/
delete a firewall rule.
Services Use this screen to configure ICMP setting of the NBG4104.
Content Filter Content Filter Use this screen to block sites containing certain keywords in the URL.
Management
Remote
MGMT WWW Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use HTTP or HTTPs to manage the NBG4104.
TELNET Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the NBG4104.
FTP Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use FTP to manage the NBG4104.
SNMP Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use SNMP to manage the NBG4104.
TR069 Use this screen to configure the NBG4104’s TR-069 auto-configuration
settings.
Import CA Use this screen to import CA certificates to the NBG4104.
Bandwidth
MGMT General Use this screen to configure a bandwidth management service type.
Advanced Use this screen to configure bandwidth management for specific types of
applications.
UPnP General Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG4104.
MAINTENANCE
General General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system
and domain names.
Password Password
Setup
Use this screen to change the password of your NBG4104.
Time Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG4104’s time and date.
Firmware
Upgrade Firmware
Upgrade
Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG4104.
Backup/
Restore Backup/
Restore
Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory
defaults to your NBG4104.
Reset/
Restart Restart This screen allows you to reboot the NBG4104 without turning the power
off.
Sys OP Mode Sys OP Mode This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a
Access Point.
Table 10 Navigation Panel: Router Mode (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
NBG4104 User’s Guide 38
CHAPTER 7
Access Point Mode
7.1 Overview
Use your NBG4104 as an access point (AP) if you already have a router or gateway on your
network. In this mode your NBG4104 bridges a wired network (LAN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) in
the same subnet. See the figure below for an example.
Figure 12 Wireless Internet Access in Access Point Mode
Many screens that are available in Router mode are not available in Access Point mode, such as
bandwidth management and firewall.
Note: See Chapter 8 on page 45 for an example of setting up a wireless network in
Access Point mode.
7.2 What You Can Do
•Use the Status screen to view read-only information about your NBG4104 (Section 7.4 on page
40).
•Use the LAN screen to set the IP address for your NBG4104 acting as an access point (Section
7.5 on page 43).
7.3 What You Need to Know
See Chapter 8 on page 45 for a tutorial on setting up a network with the NBG4104 as an access
point.
WLAN
LAN
Chapter 7 Access Point Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide 39
7.3.1 Setting your NBG4104 to AP Mode
1Log into the Web Configurator if you haven’t already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on
how to do this.
2To use your NBG4104 as an access point, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and
select Access Point mode.
Figure 13 Changing to Access Point mode
Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.As soon
as you do, your NBG4104 is already in Access Point mode.
7.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode
Log in to the Web Configurator in Access Point mode, do the following:
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG4104.
2The default IP address of the NBG4104 is “192.168.1.2”. In this case, your computer must have an
IP address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
3Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type “cmd” in the dialog box. Enter “ipconfig” to
show your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address is not in the correct range then see
Appendix D on page 185 for information on changing your computer’s IP address.
4After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and
type “192.168.1.2” as the web address in your web browser.
7.3.3 Configuring your WLAN and Maintenance Settings
The configuration of wireless, bandwidth management and maintenance settings in Access Point
mode is the same as for Router Mode.
•See Chapter 9 on page 55 for information on the configuring your wireless network.
•See Chapter 23 on page 143 for information on configuring your Maintenance settings.
Chapter 7 Access Point Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide
40
7.4 AP Mode Status Screen
Click to open the Status screen.
Figure 14 Status Screen: Access Point Mode
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 11 Status Screen: AP Mode
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
Host Name This is the device’s host name.
Firmware Version This is the firmware version.
WAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
- Mode This shows the device mode to which the NBG4104 is set.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role. In AP mode, this field shows None, meaning DHCP is
disabled.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Radio This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - ON or OFF.
Chapter 7 Access Point Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide 41
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG4104 in the wireless LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG4104 is currently using over the wireless LAN.
- Security Mode This shows the level of wireless security the NBG4104 is using.
- 802.11 Mode This shows the wireless standard.
- WPS This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up.
This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up.
Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
System Status
Item This column shows the type of data the NBG4104 is recording.
Data This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG4104.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG4104 has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG4104’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage This displays what percentage of the NBG4104’s processing ability is currently used. When
this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG4104 is running at full load, and the throughput is
not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you
should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.)
- Memory Usage This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG4104 is using.
System Setting
- UPnP This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not.
Interface Status
Interface This displays the NBG4104 port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN and WLAN.
Status For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or
connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is
disabled.
Rate For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is
disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet
encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/
A when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary
Packet Statistics Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 4.5 on page 28).
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN Station Status screen (Section 4.6 on page
28). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the
NBG4104.
Table 11 Status Screen: AP Mode (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7 Access Point Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide
42
7.4.0.1 Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG4104 features in Access Point mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Access Point mode.
Figure 15 Menu: Access Point Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 12 Navigation Panel: AP Mode
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Status This screen shows the NBG4104’s general device, system and interface
status information. Use this screen to access the summary statistics tables.
MONITOR
Log Use this screen to view the list of activities recorded by your NBG4104.
Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station
Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG4104.
CONFIGURATION
Networking
Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN and the level of wireless security
for the NBG4104.
MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG4104 to block access to
devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG4104.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
QoS Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM QoS).
WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery
requirements of individual services.
WPS Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Station Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask.
IP Alias Use this screen to have the NBG4104 apply IP alias to create LAN subnets.
VLAN
Operation LAN to WAN Use this screen to configure QoS rules and actions for LAN to WAN traffic.
WAN to LAN Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of
traffic sent out through individual LAN ports.
Chapter 7 Access Point Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide 43
7.5 LAN Screen
Use this section to configure your LAN settings while in Access Point mode.
Click Configuration > Networking > LAN to see the screen below.
Note: If you change the IP address of the NBG4104 in the screen below, you will need to
log into the NBG4104 again using the new IP address.
Figure 16 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP
Interface
Group Interface
Group
Use this screen to add a LAN interface or a VLAN ID to a new group.
Management
Remote
MGMT WWW Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use HTTP or HTTPs to manage the NBG4104.
TELNET Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the NBG4104.
FTP Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use FTP to manage the NBG4104.
SNMP Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use SNMP to manage the NBG4104.
TR069 Use this screen to configure the NBG4104’s TR-069 auto-configuration
settings.
Import CA Use this screen to import CA certificates to the NBG4104.
MAINTENANCE
General General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system
and domain names.
Password Password
Setup
Use this screen to change the password of your NBG4104.
Time Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG4104’s time and date.
Firmware
Upgrade Firmware
Upgrade
Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG4104.
Backup/
Restore Backup/
Restore
Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory
defaults to your NBG4104.
Reset/
Restart Restart This screen allows you to reboot the NBG4104 without turning the power
off.
Sys OP Mode Sys OP Mode This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a
Access Point.
Table 12 Navigation Panel: AP Mode (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Chapter 7 Access Point Mode
NBG4104 User’s Guide
44
The table below describes the labels in the screen.
Table 13 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default setting is 192.168.1.2. If
you change the IP address you will have to log in again with the new IP address.
IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG4104
will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign.
Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the
NBG4104.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
NBG4104 User’s Guide 45
CHAPTER 8
Tutorials
8.1 Overview
This chapter provides tutorials for setting up your NBG4104.
•Set Up a Wireless Network with WPS
•Configure Wireless Security without WPS
•Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG4104
8.2 Set Up a Wireless Network with WPS
This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses
the NBG4104 as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter
or PCI card).
There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do
both.
•Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a
button. See Section 8.2.1 on page 45.This is the easier method.
•PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN
(Personal Identification Number) in the NBG4104’s interface. See Section 8.2.2 on page 46. This
is the more secure method, since one device can authenticate the other.
8.2.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC)
1Make sure that your NBG4104 is turned on. Make sure the device is placed within range of your
computer.
2Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the NWD210N) driver and
utility in your notebook.
3In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or
WPS button)
4Log into NBG4104’s Web Configurator and press the Push Button in the Configuration >
Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS Station screen.
Chapter 8 Tutorials
NBG4104 User’s Guide
46
Note: Your NBG4104 has a WPS button located on its back panel, as well as a WPS button
in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function; you can
use one or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button
within two minutes of pressing the first one.
The NBG4104 sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to
two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG4104 securely.
The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a
button on both NBG4104 and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example).
Figure 17 Example WPS Process: PBC Method
8.2.2 PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG4104’s configuration
interface and the client’s utilities.
1Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method
to get a PIN number.
2Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN >
WPS Station screen on the NBG4104.
Wireless Client Access Point
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Chapter 8 Tutorials
NBG4104 User’s Guide 47
3Click Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the
NBG4104’s WPS Station screen within two minutes.
The NBG4104 authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the
wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate
with the NBG4104 securely.
The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG4104
and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method.
Figure 18 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
8.3 Configure Wireless Security without WPS
This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters
on your NBG4104.
Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG4104.
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Wireless Client
Access Point
SSID SSID_Example
Channel 6
Security WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
Chapter 8 Tutorials
NBG4104 User’s Guide
48
The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are
logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection (see Section 3.2 on page 21).
1Open the Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > General screen in the NBG4104’s
Web Configurator.
2In the Wireless Setup section, select the Wireless LAN checkbox.
3Enter SSID_Example as the SSID and select Channel-06 as the channel.
4Click Apply to save your SSID settings.
5In the same screen, go to the Security section and set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter
ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.l
6Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device
Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status.
Chapter 8 Tutorials
NBG4104 User’s Guide 49
8.3.1 Configure Your Notebook
Note: We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the
wireless client. The screens may vary for different models.
1The NBG4104 supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless clients. Make sure
that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
2Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a “utility” that you install on your
computer. See your wireless adapter’s User’s Guide for information on how to do that.
3After you’ve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utility’s icon on your screen, go to
Start > Programs and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays
a list of APs within range, as shown in the example screen below.
4Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect.
5Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next.
Chapter 8 Tutorials
NBG4104 User’s Guide
50
6The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue.
7Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is
weak or you have no connection, see Chapter 24 Troubleshooting section of this User’s Guide.
If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the
URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless
connection is successfully configured.
8.4 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG4104
You can configure more than one SSID on a NBG4104 when it is operating in access point or
universal repeater mode. This allows you to configure multiple independent wireless networks on
the NBG4104 as if there were multiple APs (virtual APs). Each virtual AP has its own SSID, wireless
security type and MAC filtering settings. That is, each SSID on the NBG4104 represents a different
access point/wireless network to wireless clients in the network.
Clients can associate only with the SSIDs for which they have the correct security settings. Clients
using different SSIDs can access the Internet and the wired network behind the NBG4104 (such as
a printer). You can allow communication between wireless clients of different SSIDs in the
Configuration > Network > Wireless LAN > General screen. See Section 9.4 on page 58 for
more information.
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For example, you may set up three wireless networks (A, B and C) in your office. A is for workers,
B is for guests and C is specific to a VoIP device in the meeting room.
8.4.1 Configuring Security Settings of Multiple SSIDs
This example shows you how to configure the SSIDs with the following parameters on your
NBG4104 (in access point mode).
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG4104 using an Ethernet cable.
2The default IP address of the NBG4104 is “192.168.1.2”. In this case, your computer must have an
IP address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
3Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type “cmd” in the dialog box. Enter “ipconfig” to
show your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address is not in the correct range then see
Appendix D on page 185 for information on changing your computer’s IP address.
4After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and
type “http://192.168.1.2” as the web address in your web browser.
5Enter “1234” (default) as the password and click Login.
6Type a new password and retype it to confirm, then click Apply. Otherwise, click Ignore.
A
B
C
SSID_Guest
SSID_Worker
SSID_VoIP
SSID SECURITY TYPE KEY MAC FILTERING
SSID_Worker WPA2-PSK
WPA Compatible
DoNotStealMyWirelessNet
work
Disable
SSID_Guest Static WEP 128bit keyexample123 Disable
SSID_VoIP WPA-PSK VoIPOnly12345678 Allow
00:A0:C5:01:23:45
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7Go to Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > General. In the Wireless Setup section,
enable and enter the SSIDs as the parameters above. Click Apply to save the SSID settings.
8Then go to the Security section to configure security settings for each SSID. Select SSID_Worker
from the SSID drop-down list. Select WPA2-PSK as the Security Mode. Enter the Pass Phrase.
Click Apply. Repeat this step and setup security settings for other SSIDs according to the
parameters above.
9Click the MAC Filter tab to configure MAC filtering for the SSID_VoIP wireless network. Select
SSID_VoIP from the SSID drop-down list and select Allow in the Policy field. Enter the VoIP
device’s MAC address in the Add a station Mac Address field and click Apply to allow only the
VoIP device to associate with the NBG4104 using this SSID.
53
PART II
Technical Reference
54
NBG4104 User’s Guide 55
CHAPTER 9
Wireless LAN
9.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG4104. See the
appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 19 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are
called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices
(such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your NBG4104 is the AP.
9.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen to enter the SSID, select the channel, and configure wireless security
(Section 9.4 on page 58).
•Use the MAC Filter screen to allow or deny wireless stations based on their MAC addresses from
connecting to the NBG4104 (Section 9.6 on page 62).
•Use the Advanced screen to allow intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold (Section
9.7 on page 63).
•Use the QoS screen to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) in your wireless network (Section 9.8 on
page 65).
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•Use the WPS screen to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually (Section 9.9 on page 65).
•Use the WPS Station screen to add a wireless station using WPS (Section 9.10 on page 66).
•Use the Scheduling screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off (Section 9.11
on page 67).
9.3 What You Should Know
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or
frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
Wireless Security Overview
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
SSID
Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the
SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change
the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to
get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the
wireless network.
MAC Address Filter
Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is
usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or
00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate User’s
Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to
use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to
1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds
of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN
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have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the
wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized
wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
User Authentication
You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it. This is called user
authentication. However, every wireless client in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x
to do this.
For wireless networks, there are two typical places to store the user names and passwords for each
user.
• In the AP: this feature is called a local user database or a local database.
• In a RADIUS server: this is a server used in businesses more than in homes.
If your AP does not provide a local user database and if you do not have a RADIUS server, you
cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they
cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to
get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the
wireless network.
Local user databases also have an additional limitation that is explained in the next section.
Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot
understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication. (See page 57
for information about this.)
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users
do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or
WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless
network supports. For example, suppose the AP does not have a local user database, and you do
not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no user authentication. Suppose the wireless network
Table 14 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER
Weakest No Security WPA
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest WPA2-PSK WPA2
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has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA.
Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is
still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty
quickly.
Note: It is not possible to use WPA-PSK, WPA or stronger encryption with a local user
database. In this case, it is better to set up stronger encryption with no
authentication than to set up weaker encryption with the local user database.
When you select WPA2-PSK in your NBG4104, you can also select an option (WPA Compatible)
to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2,
you should set up WPA2-PSK (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the
WPA Compatible option in the NBG4104.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer
the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the
same key.
WPS
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS
allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure
security settings manually. Depending on the devices in your network, you can either press a
button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification
Number) in the devices. Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how
to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the Section 8.2 on page 45.
9.4 General Wireless LAN Screen
Use this screen to configure the SSID of the wireless LAN and configure the wireless security mode.
The screen varies depending on what you select in the Security Mode field.
Note: If you are configuring the NBG4104 from a computer connected to the wireless LAN
and you change the NBG4104’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose
your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change
the wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG4104’s new settings.
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Click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN to open the General screen.
Figure 20 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > General
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen.
Table 15 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless LAN This shows whether the wireless LAN is ON or OFF. You can enable or disable the
wireless LAN by using the WLAN switch located on the back panel of the NBG4104.
Network
Name(SSID) The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless client is
associated. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable characters found on a typical
English language keyboard) for the wireless LAN.
Enable Select this to activate the wireless network.
Network
Name(SSID 1~3) You can configure up to four SSIDs to enable multiple BSSs (Basic Service Sets) on the
NBG4104. This allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs
simultaneously. You can then assign varying security types to different SSIDs. Wireless
clients can use different SSIDs to associate with the same access point.
Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Channel Selection This option is only available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled.
Note: According to the FCC regulation, users can only select the channels 1-11 for
802.11b/g/n-HT20 and 3-9 channels for 802.11n-HT40 mode. The other channels
that out of the permission above will be disabled from the channel selection.
Operating Channel This displays the channel the NBG4104 is currently using.
SSID Select a wireless LAN for which to configure security settings. The security settings only
apply to the selected wireless LAN.
Security Mode Choose the security mode from the drop-down list box. See Section 9.5 on page 60 for
more information on wireless security settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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9.5 Wireless Security
Use this part of the General screen to select the wireless security mode. Click Network >
Wireless LAN to open the General screen. The screen varies depending on what you select in the
Security Mode field.
9.5.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless clients to communicate with the access points without any
data encryption.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG4104, your network is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 21 Wireless LAN > General: Security: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.5.2 WEP Encryption
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points
to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a
network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.
Your NBG4104 allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can
be enabled at any one time.
Table 16 Wireless LAN > General: Security: No Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID Select a wireless LAN for which to configure security settings. The security settings only
apply to the selected wireless LAN.
Security Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list.
Figure 22 Wireless LAN > General: Security: Static WEP
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 17 Wireless LAN > General: Security: Static WEP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID Select a wireless LAN for which to configure security settings. The security settings only
apply to the selected wireless LAN.
Security Mode Select Static WEP to enable data encryption.
Default Key Select a WEP Key as your default key.
WEP Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG4104 and the wireless stations
must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
Select ASCII to enter ASCII characters or select Hex to enter hexadecimal characters
as WEP key.
You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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9.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 23 Wireless LAN > General: Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.6 MAC Filter
The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG4104 to give exclusive access to devices
(Allow) or exclude devices from accessing the NBG4104 (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique
MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
Table 18 Wireless LAN > General: Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID Select a wireless LAN for which to configure security settings. The security settings only
apply to the selected wireless LAN.
Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to enable data encryption.
WPA Compatible This field appears when you choose WPA2-PSK as the Security Mode.
Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to
your NBG4104.
WPA Algorithms Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES, or TKIP or AES) for data encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP or AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.
Pass Phrase WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for authentication.
Type a pass phrase from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
Key Renewal
Interval
The is the rate at which the AP sends a new group key out to all clients.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC
address of the devices to configure this screen.
To change your NBG4104’s MAC filter settings, click Configuration > Networking > Wireless
LAN > MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 24 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
9.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen
Use this screen to allow wireless advanced features, such as the output power, RTS/CTS Threshold
and high-throughput physical mode settings.
Table 19 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filtering.
Policy Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table.
Select Disable to deactivate the MAC filtering rule you configure below.
Select Allow to permit access to the NBG4104, MAC addresses not listed will be denied
access to the NBG4104.
Select Reject to block access to the NBG4104, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed
to access the NBG4104
Add a station Mac
Address
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to
the NBG4104 in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address
format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Click
Add.
Delete Click the delete icon to remove the MAC address from the list.
MAC Address This is the MAC address of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the
NBG4104.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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Click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 25 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/
CTS (Clear To Send) handshake.
Enter a value between 256 and 2432.
Fragmentation
Threshold
The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages.
It is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter an even number between
256 and 2346.
Enable Intra-BSS
Traffic
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or
between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is
enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with
each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the
wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
Output Power Set the output power of the NBG4104 in this field. If there is a high density of APs in an
area, decrease the output power of the NBG4104 to reduce interference with other APs.
Select one of the following 100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, 25% or 10%. See the product
specifications for more information on your NBG4104’s output power.
HT (High Throughput) Physical Mode - Use the fields below to configure the 802.11 wireless environment of
your NBG4104.
Channel Bandwidth Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network.
It is recommended that you select 20/40 (20/40 MHz).
Select 20 MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in
your neighborhood.
Guard Interval Select Auto to increase data throughput. However, this may make data transfer more
prone to errors.
Select Long to prioritize data integrity. This may be because your wireless network is
busy and congested or the NBG4104 is located in an environment prone to radio
interference.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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9.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen
The QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as VoIP and video) a priority level.
Click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > QoS. The following screen appears.
Figure 26 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.9 WPS Screen
Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS
status. To open this screen, click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS tab.
Note: With WPS, wireless clients can only connect to the wireless network using the first
SSID on the NBG4104.
Figure 27 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS
Table 21 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > QoS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable WMM QoS Check this to have the NBG4104 automatically give a service a priority level according
to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality
of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more
smoothly.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.10 WPS Station Screen
Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this screen, click
Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab.
Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in
the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you
have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the
first 2 minutes.
Figure 28 Configuration > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
Table 22 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable WPS Select this to enable the WPS feature.
PIN Number This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate to generate a
new PIN number.
Status This displays Configured when the NBG4104 has connected to a wireless network
using WPS or when Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings
have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in
the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no wireless or wireless
security changes on the NBG4104 or you click Release_Configuration to remove the
configured wireless and wireless security settings.
Release
Configuration
This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for
WPS connections on the NBG4104.
802.11 Mode This is the 802.11 mode used. Only compliant WLAN devices can associate with the
NBG4104.
SSID This is the name of the wireless network (the NBG4104’s first SSID).
Security This is the type of wireless security employed by the network.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.11 Scheduling Screen
Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is
disabled by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn on or off on certain days and at
certain times. To open this screen, click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN >
Scheduling tab.
Figure 29 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
Table 23 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Push Button Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration) method to configure
wireless stations’s wireless settings.
Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security
information synchronization.
Or input station’s
PIN number
Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to configure wireless
station’s wireless settings.
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility. Then click Start
to associate to each other and perform the wireless security information
synchronization.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Wireless LAN
Scheduling
Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling.
WLAN Status Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off. This field
works in conjunction with the Day and For the following times fields.
Day Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select
Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the
For the following times field.
At the following
times (24-Hour
Format)
Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and
select an end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If
you have chosen On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between
the two times you enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN
Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these fields.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
NBG4104 User’s Guide 69
CHAPTER 10
WAN
10.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the NBG4104’s WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your NBG4104
for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the
Internet. It connects your private networks such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other
networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 30 LAN and WAN
10.2 What You Can Do
•Use the Management WAN screen to enter your ISP information and set how the computer
acquires its IP, DNS and WAN MAC addresses (Section 10.4 on page 72).
•Use the Advanced screen to enable multicasting and auto-IP-change (Section 10.5 on page 79).
10.3 What You Need To Know
The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN connection, as well
as enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG4104.
LAN
WAN
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10.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set
up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your
ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP
over Ethernet) or PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username
and password (and service name) for user authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG4104, which makes it accessible from an outside
network. It is used by the NBG4104 to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be
static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the NBG4104 tries to access the
Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and
DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP
encapsulation method).
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely
important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access
it.
The NBG4104 can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you
sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG4104’s WAN IP
address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the
factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default
to select the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of
the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the
address will be copied to configuration file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior
to hooking up the WAN Port.
Maximum Transmission Unit
A maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the largest size packet or frame, specified in octets (eight-
bit bytes) that can be sent in a packet- or frame-based network. The Transmission Control Protocol
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(TCP) uses the MTU to determine the maximum size of each packet in any transmission. Too large
an MTU size may mean retransmissions if the packet encounters a router that can't handle that
large a packet. Too small an MTU size means relatively more header overhead and more
acknowledgements that have to be sent and handled.
10.3.2 Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient)
or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of
hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
Figure 31 Multicast Example
In the multicast example above, systems A and D comprise one multicast group. In multicasting,
the server only needs to send one data stream and this is delivered to systems A and D.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership
in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. The NBG4104 supports both IGMP version 1
(IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2).
At start up, the NBG4104 queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership.
After that, the NBG4104 periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/
disabled on the NBG4104 LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the Web Configurator (LAN; WAN). Select
None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
Auto-IP-Change
When the NBG4104 gets a WAN IP address which is in the same subnet as the LAN IP address
192.168.1.1, Auto-IP-Change allows the NBG4104 to change its LAN IP address to 10.0.0.1
automatically. If the NBG4104’s original LAN IP address is 10.0.0.1 and the WAN IP address is in
A
B
C
D
Server
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the same subnet, such as 10.0.0.3, the NBG4104 switches to use 192.168.1.1 as its LAN IP
address.
Figure 32 Auto-IP-Change
Auto-IP-Change only works under the following conditions:
• The NBG4104 must be in Router Mode (see Chapter 23 on page 150 for more information) for
Auto-IP-Change to become active.
• The NBG4104 is set to receive a dynamic WAN IP address using the Ethernet or PPPoE connection
type.
10.4 Management WAN
Use this screen to view, change, or add your NBG4104’s Internet access settings. Click
Configuration > Networking > WAN. The following screen opens.
Figure 33 Configuration > Networking > Management WAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
WAN
LAN
192.168.1.23192.168.1.1
10.0.0.1
Table 25 Configuration > Networking > Management WAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New WAN Entry Click this to create a new WAN interface entry.
#This is the index number of the connection.
Default Select the WAN interface that you want to configure as default.
Name This is the service name of the connection.
Interface This is the interface of the connection.
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10.4.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection
Click the Add New WAN Entry in the Configuration > WAN screen or the Edit icon next to the
connection you want to configure. Use this screen to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies
depending on the encapsulation you select.
10.4.2 Ethernet Encapsulation
This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation.
Figure 34 Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
Type This shows the type of interface used by this connection.
VLAN ID This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection.
IP Address This is the WAN IP address used by this connection.
Status This shows the status of the connection.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the connection.
Click the Delete icon to delete this connection from the NBG4104. A window displays
asking you to confirm that you want to delete the connection.
Table 25 Configuration > Networking > Management WAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Name Enter a service name of the connection.
Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet.
WAN IP Address Assignment
Get automatically
from ISP (Default)
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default
selection.
Use Fixed IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field.
Gateway IP
Address Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
MTU Size Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic.
WAN DNS Assignment
First DNS Server
Second DNS Server
If you select Get automatically from ISP (Default) in the WAN IP Address
Assignment section, this field will automatically be set to From ISP. The field to the
right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns.
If you select Use Fixed IP Address in the WAN IP Address Assignment section,
this field will automatically be set to User-Defined. Enter the DNS server's IP address
in the field to the right.
WAN MAC Address The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by
either using the NBG4104’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on
your LAN or manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address - IP
Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of
the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
VLAN Settings
Enable VLAN Select this to add the VLAN tag (specified in the VLAN ID field below) to the outgoing
traffic through this connection.
Ignore WAN VLAN
ID when tag frame
receive from LAN
side
Select this to ignore VLAN ID tagging if the tag frame is from the LAN.
VLAN ID Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
802.1P IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer
frame that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this
connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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10.4.3 PPPoE Encapsulation
The NBG4104 supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard
(RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL,
cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using
PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example Radius).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a
function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and
offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no
specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG4104 (rather than individual computers), the computers
on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG4104 does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
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This screen displays when you select PPP over Ethernet encapsulation.
Figure 35 Internet Connection: PPP over Ethernet Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27 Internet Connection: PPP over Ethernet Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Encapsulation Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up.
Service Name Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the user name above.
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Retype to Confirm Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly.
PPPoE Passthrough In addition to the NBG4104’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through
to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to
connect to the ISP via the NBG4104. Each host can have a separate account and a
public WAN IP address.
PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not
appropriate.
Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE
client software on their computers to connect to the ISP.
MTU Size Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that
your NBG4104 can receive and process.
Nailed-Up
Connection
Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out.
Idle Timeout (sec) This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically
disconnects from the PPPoE server.
WAN IP Address Assignment
Get automatically
from ISP
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default
selection.
Use Fixed IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Gateway IP
Address Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
WAN DNS Assignment
First DNS Server
Second DNS Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the
NBG4104's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server
IP address that the ISP assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS
server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the
IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you
set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second
User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS
server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
WAN MAC Address The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by
using the NBG4104’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your
LAN or manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address - IP
Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of
the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
VLAN Settings
Enable VLAN Select this to add the VLAN tag (specified in the VLAN ID field below) to the outgoing
traffic through this connection.
Table 27 Internet Connection: PPP over Ethernet Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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10.4.4 Bridge Encapsulation
This screen displays when you select Bridge encapsulation.
Figure 36 Internet Connection: Bridge Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ignore WAN VLAN
ID when tag frame
receive from LAN
side
Select this to ignore VLAN ID tagging if the tag frame is from the LAN.
VLAN ID Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
802.1P IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer
frame that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this
connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 27 Internet Connection: PPP over Ethernet Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 28 Internet Connection: Bridge Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Name Enter a service name of the connection.
Encapsulation Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If
you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as DHCP server.
VLAN Settings
Enable VLAN Select this to add the VLAN tag (specified in the VLAN ID field below) to the outgoing
traffic through this connection.
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10.5 Advanced WAN Screen
Use this screen to enable Multicast and enable Auto-IP-Change mode.
To change your NBG4104’s advanced WAN settings, click Configuration > Networking > WAN >
Advanced. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 37 Configuration > Networking > WAN > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ignore WAN VLAN
ID when tag frame
receive from LAN
side
Select this to ignore VLAN ID tagging if the tag frame is from the LAN.
VLAN ID Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
802.1P IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer
frame that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this
connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 28 Internet Connection: Bridge Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 29 Configuration > Networking > WAN > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Multicast Setup
Multicast Check this to enable multicasting. This applies to traffic routed from the WAN to the
LAN.
Leaving this blank may cause incoming traffic to be dropped or sent to all connected
network devices.
Auto-Subnet Configuration
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None Select this option to have the NBG4104 do nothing when it gets a WAN IP address in
the range of 192.168.x.y (where x and y are from zero to nine) or in the same subnet
as the LAN IP address.
Enable Auto-IP-
Change mode
Select this option to have the NBG4104 change its LAN IP address to 10.0.0.1 or
192.168.1.1 accordingly when the NBG4104 gets a dynamic WAN IP address in the
same subnet as the LAN IP address 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1.
The NAT, DHCP server and firewall functions on the NBG4104 are still available in this
mode.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 29 Configuration > Networking > WAN > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NBG4104 User’s Guide 81
CHAPTER 11
LAN
11.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are
attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or
floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP
addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks.
Figure 38 LAN Example
The LAN screens can help you manage IP addresses.
11.2 What You Can Do
•Use the IP screen to change the IP address for your NBG4104 (Section 11.4 on page 83).
•Use the IP Alias screen to have the NBG4104 apply IP alias to create LAN subnets (Section 11.5
on page 83).
WLAN
LAN
firewall
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11.3 What You Need To Know
The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG4104 ports are LAN or WAN ports.
There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN
network as shown next.
Figure 39 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
The LAN parameters of the NBG4104 are preset in the factory with the following values:
• IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
• DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33.
These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS
server address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help regarding what fields need to be
configured.
11.3.1 IP Pool Setup
The NBG4104 is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to
192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the NBG4104 itself) in the
lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for
mail, T, web, etc., that you may have.
11.3.2 LAN TCP/IP
The NBG4104 has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to
systems that support DHCP client capability.
11.3.3 IP Alias
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same
Ethernet interface. The NBG4104 supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical
Ethernet interface with the NBG4104 itself as the gateway for each LAN network.
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11.4 LAN IP Screen
Use this screen to change the IP address for your NBG4104. Click Configuration > Networking >
LAN > IP.
Figure 40 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.5 IP Alias Screen
Use this screen to have the NBG4104 apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. Click Configuration >
Networking > LAN > IP Alias.
Figure 41 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP Alias
Table 30 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Type the IP address of your NBG4104 in dotted decimal notation.
IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG4104
will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign.
Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the
NBG4104.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP Alias
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable IP Alias Check this to enable IP alias.
IP Address Type the IP alias address of your NBG4104 in dotted decimal notation.
IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG4104
will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign.
Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the
NBG4104.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG4104 User’s Guide 85
CHAPTER 12
DHCP Server
12.1 Overview
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to
obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG4104’s LAN as a
DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG4104 provides the TCP/IP
configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on
your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.
12.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen to enable the DHCP server (Section 12.4 on page 86).
•Use the Advanced screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers
based on their MAC Addresses (Section 12.5 on page 87).
12.3 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
MAC Addresses
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is
assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example,
00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them
to the DHCP Client List screen.
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12.4 The DHCP General Screen
Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server.
The General screen displays.
Figure 42 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable DHCP Server Select the checkbox to enable DHCP for LAN.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
clients (computers) to obtain TCP/IP configuration at startup from a server. Leave the
Enable DHCP Server check box selected unless your ISP instructs you to do
otherwise. Clear it to disable the NBG4104 acting as a DHCP server. When configured
as a server, the NBG4104 provides TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If not, DHCP
service is disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computers must be manually configured. When set as a server, fill in the following four
fields.
IP Pool Starting
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN.
Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool for LAN.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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12.5 The DHCP Advanced Screen
This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on
their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the
NBG4104 sends to the DHCP clients.
To change your NBG4104’s static DHCP settings, click Configuration > Networking > DHCP
Server > Advanced. The following screen displays.
Figure 43 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Static DHCP Table
# This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).
MAC Address Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN.
IP Address Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
DNS Server
DNS Servers
Assigned by DHCP
Server
The NBG4104 passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address (in the order
you specify here) to the DHCP clients. The NBG4104 only passes this information to the
LAN DHCP clients when you select the Enable DHCP Server check box. When you
clear the Enable DHCP Server check box, DHCP service is disabled and you must have
another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server
addresses manually configured.
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First DNS Server
Second DNS Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the
NBG4104's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server
IP address that the ISP assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS
server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the
IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you
set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second
User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply.
Select DNS Relay to have the NBG4104 act as a DNS proxy. The NBG4104's LAN IP
address displays in the field to the right (read-only). The NBG4104 tells the DHCP
clients on the LAN that the NBG4104 itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the
LAN sends a DNS query to the NBG4104, the NBG4104 forwards the query to the
NBG4104's system DNS server (configured in the WAN > Internet Connection
screen) and relays the response back to the computer. You can only select DNS Relay
for one of the three servers; if you select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS server,
that choice changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS
server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 33 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NBG4104 User’s Guide 89
CHAPTER 13
NAT
13.1 Overview
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in
a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is
changed to a different IP address known within another network.
The figure below is a simple illustration of a NAT network. You want to assign ports 21-25 to one,
Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a
default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example).
You assign the LAN IP addresses to the devices (A to D) connected to your NBG4104. The ISP
assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet. All traffic
coming from A to D going out to the Internet use the IP address of the NBG4104, which is
192.168.1.1.
Figure 44 NAT Example
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the NBG4104.
Note: You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from
the WAN to be forwarded through the NBG4104.
A: 192.168.1.33
B: 192.168.1.34
C: 192.168.1.35
IP address
192.168.1.1
WANLAN
assigned by ISP
, Telnet, SNMP
Port 80
Ports 21 to 25
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13.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen to enable NAT and set a default server (Section 13.4 on page 92).
•Use the Application screen to change your NBG4104’s port forwarding settings (Section 13.5 on
page 92).
13.3 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Inside/Outside
This denotes where a host is located relative to the NBG4104, for example, the computers of your
subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/Local
This denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the
local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the
global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN
side.
Note: Inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP
address of a host used in a packet.
An inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still
in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host
when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.
Note: NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
Table 34 NAT Definitions
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Inside This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local This refers to the packet address (source or
destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.
Global This refers to the packet address (source or
destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
Chapter 13 NAT
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global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note
that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP.
In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT
offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your NBG4104 filters out
all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information
on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global
Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination
address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local)
IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It
replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The
NBG4104 keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can
have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 45 How NAT Works
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13.4 The NAT General Screen
Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Configuration > Networking > NAT
to open the General screen.
Figure 46 Configuration > Networking > NAT > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
13.5 The NAT Application Screen
This screen allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded.
To change your NBG4104’s NAT application settings, click Configuration > Networking > NAT >
Application. The screen appears as shown.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen,
the NBG4104 discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this
screen or remote management.
Table 35 Configuration > Networking > NAT > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NAT Setup
Enable Network
Address Translation
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol
address used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local
network) to a different IP address known within another network (for example a public
IP address used on the Internet).
Select the check box to enable NAT.
Default Server Setup
Server IP Address In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A
default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application
screen.
If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the NBG4104 discards all packets
received for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote
management.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Refer to Appendix F on page 227 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Figure 47 Configuration > Networking > NAT > Application
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 Configuration > Networking > NAT > Application
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule
Service Name Select User-Defined and type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this
rule in the first field next to Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined service in
the second field next to Service Name. The predefined service name and port
number(s) will display in the Service Name and Port fields.
Local Port Range
Public Port Range
Enter the start and end port(s) to be forwarded.
Protocol Select the protocol supported by this service. Choices are TCP/UDP, TCP, or UDP.
Server IP Address Type the inside IP address of the server that receives packets from the port(s) specified
in the Port field.
Application Rules Summary
#This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry.
Name This field displays a name to identify this rule.
Local Start Port/End
Port
This is the first and last internal port number that identifies a service.
Public Start Port/
End Port
This is the first and last external port number that identifies a service.
Protocol This is the protocol used by this service.
Server IP Address This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Modify Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under Add
Application Rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 14
DDNS
14.1 Overview
DDNS services let you use a domain name with a dynamic IP address.
14.2 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
What is DDNS?
DDNS, or Dynamic DNS, allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many
dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can
also access your server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance
myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an
IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
DynDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same
IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example,
www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. You
must have a public WAN IP address.
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14.3 The DDNS General Screen
To change your NBG4104’s DDNS, click Configuration > Networking > DDNS. The General
screen appears as shown.
Figure 48 Configuration > Networking > DDNS > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 Configuration > Networking > DDNS > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Dynamic DNS Setup
Enable Dynamic
DNS
Select this check box to use dynamic DNS.
Service Provider Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Dynamic DNS Type Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service
provider.
Host Name Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the
field separated by a comma (",").
User Name Enter your user name.
Password Enter the password assigned to you.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 15
Static Route
15.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG4104.
Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the
NBG4104 has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the NBG4104 knows about
network N2 in the following figure through remote node Router 1. However, the NBG4104 is unable
to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same
remote node Router 1 (via gateway Router 2). The static routes are for you to tell the NBG4104
about the networks beyond the remote nodes.
Figure 49 Example of Static Routing Topology
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15.2 IP Static Route Screen
Click Configuration > Networking > Static Route to open the IP Static Route screen.
Figure 50 Configuration > Networking > Static Route > IP Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Configuration > Networking > Static Route > IP Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Static Routing Settings
Route Name Enter a the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the IP network address of the final destination.
IP Subnet Netmask This is the subnet to which the route’s final destination belongs.
Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway.
Metric Assign a number to identify the route.
Interface Select the interface through which the traffic is routed.
Add Rule Click this to add the IP static route.
Application Rules Summary
No. This is the number of an individual static route.
Active The rules are always on and this is indicated by the icon.
Name This is the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is
always based on network number.
Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets
to their destinations.
Metric This is the number assigned to the route.
Interface This is the interface through which the traffic is routed.
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Delete Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the NBG4104. A window displays
asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 38 Configuration > Networking > Static Route > IP Static Route (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 16
VLAN Operation
16.1 Overview
Use these screens to configure the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags for LAN to WAN and WAN
to LAN traffic.
16.2 What You Can Do
•Use the LAN To WAN screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent
from individual LAN ports (Section 16.3 on page 101).
•Use the WAN To LAN screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent
to individual LAN ports (Section 16.4 on page 105).
16.3 LAN To WAN Screen
Click Co figuration > Networking > VLAN Operation to open the LAN To WAN screen. Use this
screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent from individual LAN
ports.
Figure 51 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > LAN To WAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > LAN To WAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Settings
Add Click this to create a new classifier.
Class
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#This is the index number of the entry.
Active This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.
Class Name This is the name of the classifier.
Classification
Criteria
This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which
traffic of this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this
classifier.
VLAN Operation This shows the VLAN operation used for this classifier.
802.1P Mark This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier.
VLAN ID Tag This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.
Modify Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing classifier setting.
Click the Remove icon to delete a classifier.
Table 39 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > LAN To WAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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16.3.1 Add/Edit VLAN Rule
Click Add in the LAN to WAN screen or the Edit icon next to a classifier to open the following
screen.
Figure 52 LAN To WAN > Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 LAN To WAN: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Class configuration
Active Select this to enable this classifier.
Class Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 15 printable English keyboard characters, not
including spaces.
Classification Order Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier
to the number you selected after clicking Apply.
Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.
Criteria configuration
Basic
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From Interface If you want to classify the traffic by an ingress interface, select an interface from the
From Interface drop-down list box.
Ether Type Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.
If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP
address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select 802.1Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level.
Source
Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A
blank source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask.
Port Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the
port number(s) of the source.
MAC Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can
be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this
classifier.
Destination
Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A
blank source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask.
Port Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the
port number(s) of the source.
MAC Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can
be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this
classifier.
Others
IP Protocol This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP, UDP, ICMP or IGMP.
If you select User defined, enter the protocol (service type) number.
DSCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63
in the field provided.
VLAN tag
Table 40 LAN To WAN: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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16.4 WAN To LAN Screen
Click Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > WAN To LAN to open this screen. Use
this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent to individual LAN
ports.
Figure 53 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > WAN To LAN
VLAN Operation If you select Add, the NBG4104 treat all matched traffic untagged and add a second
VLAN ID.
If you select Remark VLAN ID, enter a VLAN ID number in the VLAN ID field below
with which the NBG4104 replaces the VLAN ID of the frames.
If you select Remark 1P, select a priority level from the 802.1P Mark field below with
which the NBG4104 replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the packets.
If you select Remark VLAN ID and 1P, select a priority level from the 802.1P Mark
field and enter a VLAN ID number in the VLAN ID field below.
If you select Remove, the NBG4104 deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before
forwarding them out.
802.1P Mark Select a priority level with which the NBG4104 replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in
the packets.
If you select Unchange, the NBG4104 keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets.
VLAN ID Enter a VLAN ID number with which the NBG4104 replaces the VLAN ID of the frames.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 40 LAN To WAN: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > WAN To LAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Lan Port These represent the NBG4104’s LAN ports.
TAG Operation Select what you want the NBG4104 to do to the IEEE 802.1q VLAN ID and priority tags
of downstream traffic before sending it out through this LAN port.
•Unchange - Don’t do anything to the traffic’s VLAN ID and priority tags.
•Add - Add VLAN ID and priority tags to untagged traffic.
•Remark VLAN ID - Change the value of the outer VLAN ID.
•Remark 1P - Change the value of the priority tags.
•Remark VLAN ID and 1P - Change the value of the outer VLAN ID and priority
tags.
•Remove - Delete one tag from tagged traffic. If the frame has double tags, this
removes the outer tag. This does not affect untagged traffic.
802.1P Mark Use this option to set what to do for the IEEE 802.1p priority tags when you add or
remark the tags for a LAN port’s downstream traffic. Either select Unchange to not
modify the traffic’s priority tags or select an priority from 0 to 7 to use. The larger the
number, the higher the priority.
VLAN ID If you will add or remark tags for this LAN port’s downstream traffic, specify the VLAN
ID (from 0 to 4094) to use here.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 17
Interface Group
17.1 Overview
By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the NBG4104 are in the same group and can
communicate with each other. You can create multiple groups to have the NBG4104 assign the IP
addresses in different domains to different groups. Each group acts as an independent network on
the NBG4104.
17.2 The Interface Group Screen
You can manually add a LAN interface or a VLAN ID to a new group. Click Configuration >
Networking > Interface Group to open the following screen.
Figure 54 Configuration > Networking > Interface Group
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 42 Configuration > Networking > Interface Group
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Click this to add a new interface grouping rule.
You must configure a WAN connection before you can add a new interface grouping
rule. See Chapter 10 on page 69 for more information.
Name This shows the descriptive name of the group.
LAN Interfaces This shows the LAN interfaces in the group.
VLAN This shows the VLAN ID configured in the group.
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17.2.1 Interface Group Configuration
Click the Add button in the Interface Group screen to open the following screen. Use this screen
to create a new interface group.
Note: An interface can belong to a group only.
Figure 55 Interface Grouping Configuration
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
WAN Interfaces This shows the WAN interfaces in the group.
Modify Select the Delete icon to delete the group from the NBG4104.
Table 42 Configuration > Networking > Interface Group (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 43 Interface Grouping Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Group Name Enter a name to identify this group.
WAN Interfaces
used in the
grouping
Select the WAN interface this group uses. The group can have up to one PTM interface
and up to one ATM interface.
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Grouped LAN
Interfaces
Available LAN
Interfaces
Select a LAN or WAN interface in Available LAN Interfaces and use the left-facing
arrow to move it to the Grouped LAN Interfaces to add the interface to this group.
To remove a LAN or WAN interface from the Grouped LAN Interfaces, select it and
click the right-facing arrow.
Grouped VLAN Enter a VLAN ID in the VLAN ID field and use the left-facing arrow to move it to the
Grouped VLAN to add it to a VLAN group.
To remove a VLAN ID from the Grouped VLAN, select it and click the right-facing
arrow.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 43 Interface Grouping Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 18
Firewall
18.1 Overview
Use these screens to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG4104 and your LAN
from unwanted or malicious traffic.
Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and
control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant
Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2).
However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 56 Default Firewall Action
18.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen to enable or disable the NBG4104’s firewall (Section 18.4 on page 113).
•Use the Access Control Rule screen to view the configured access control rules and edit or
remove a rule (Section 18.5.1 on page 115).
•Use the Services screen to configure the NBG4104’s ICMP settings (Section 18.6 on page 116).
WAN
LAN
3
4
1
2
A
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18.3 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
What is a Firewall?
Originally, the term “firewall” referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of
fire from one room to another. The networking term "firewall" is a system or group of systems that
enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism
used to protect a trusted network from a network that is not trusted. Of course, firewalls cannot
solve every security problem. A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to establish a network
security perimeter in support of a network security policy. It should never be the only mechanism or
method employed. For a firewall to guard effectively, you must design and deploy it appropriately.
This requires integrating the firewall into a broad information-security policy. In addition, specific
policies must be implemented within the firewall itself.
Stateful Inspection Firewall
Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against defined access rules.
They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol. They also "inspect" the
session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols. These
firewalls generally provide the best speed and transparency; however, they may lack the granular
application level access control or caching that some proxies support. Firewalls, of one type or
another, have become an integral part of standard security solutions for enterprises.
About the NBG4104 Firewall
The NBG4104’s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure
gateway for all data passing between the networks.
It is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of Service attacks when
activated (click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box).
The NBG4104's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to
the Internet. The NBG4104 can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as
well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network.
The NBG4104 is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet.
This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.
The NBG4104 has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically
separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband
(cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.
The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from
the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, and the
World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is
authorized to use a specific service.
Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall
1Change the default password via Web Configurator.
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2Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way, including attaching a
modem to the port.
3Limit who can access your router.
4Don't enable any local service (such as NTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could present
a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the
enabled services to access the firewall or the network.
5For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to
communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the
services at specific interfaces.
6Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active.
7Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room.
18.4 The Firewall General Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG4104’s firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click
Configuration > Security > Firewall to open the General screen.
Figure 57 Configuration > Security > Firewall > General l
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44 Configuration > Security > Firewall > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Firewall Select this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG4104 performs access control and
protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.
Enable Anti-DoS
Attack
Select this check box to activate the Anti-Dos Attack function.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
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18.5 The Access Control Rule Screen
Click Configuration > Security > Firewall > Access Control Rule to display the following
screen. This screen displays a list of the configured access control rules.
Figure 58 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Access Control Rule
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Access Control Rule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Application Rules Summary
Packet Direction Select the direction of traffic (WAN to LAN or WAN to WAN) to which this rule
applies.
Firewall Rule
# This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are
applied in turn.
Name This displays the name of the rule.
Source MAC This is the source MAC address of the rule.
Dest IP This column displays the destination addresses to which this firewall rule applies.
Source IP This column displays the source addresses to which this firewall rule applies.
Protocol This displays the IP port that defines your customized port.
Dest. Port Range This column displays the port number or the range of port numbers of the destination.
Source Port Range This column displays the port number or the range of port numbers of the source.
Action This field displays whether the rule silently discards packets (Drop) or allows the
passage of packets (Allow).
Delete Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing firewall rule setting.
Click the Remove icon to delete a firewall rule.
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18.5.1 Access Control Rule Edit
Click the Edit icon next to a firewall rule in the Access Control Rule screen. The following screen
is displayed. You can use this screen to modify a rule.
Figure 59 Access Control Rule: Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
See Appendix F on page 227 for commonly used services and port numbers.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
Table 45 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Access Control Rule (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 46 Access Control Rule: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rule Name Enter a descriptive name for the rule.
Source MAC Enter the source MAC address of the rule.
Dest IP Enter the destination addresses to which this rule applies.
Source IP Enter the source addresses to which this rule applies.
Protocol Type Choose the IP port (TCP, UDP, or ICMP) that defines your customized port from the
drop-down list box.
If you do not want to configure the IP port, select None.
Dest. Port Range Enter the port number or the range of port numbers of the destination.
Source Port Range Enter the port number or the range of port numbers of the source.
Action Select the action for the rule:
•Drop: silently discards packets.
•Allow: allows the passage of packets.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
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18.6 The Services Screen
If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG4104, an ICMP response
packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the NBG4104 exists. Use this
screen to prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering
your NBG4104 when unsupported ports are probed.
Click Configuration > Security > Firewall > Services to display the following screen.
Figure 60 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Services
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Services
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol
between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP)
datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly
apparent to the application user.
Respond to Ping on The NBG4104 will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected.
Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming
WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to all incoming LAN and
WAN Ping requests.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
NBG4104 User’s Guide 117
CHAPTER 19
Content Filtering
19.1 Overview
This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI.
Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your
needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords.
19.2 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Content Filtering Profiles
Content filtering allows you to block certain web features, such as cookies, and/or block access to
specific web sites. For example, you can configure one policy that blocks John Doe’s access to arts
and entertainment web pages.
A content filtering profile conveniently stores your custom settings for the following features.
Keyword Blocking URL Checking
The NBG4104 checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when
performing keyword blocking.
The URL’s domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL.
For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the domain name is
www.zyxel.com.tw.
The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL
www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is news/pressroom.php.
Since the NBG4104 checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will
not find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/
pressroom.php, the NBG4104 would find “tw” in the domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would
also find “news” in the file path (news/pressroom.php) but it would not find “tw/news”.
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19.3 Content Filter
Use this screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted
computer. Click Configuration > Security > Content Filter to open the Content Filter screen.
Figure 61 Configuration > Security > Content Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Configuration > Security > Content Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Trusted Computer
IP Address
To enable this feature, type an IP address of any one of the computers in your network
that you want to have as a trusted computer. This allows the trusted computer to have
full access to all features that are configured to be blocked by content filtering.
Leave this field blank to have no trusted computers.
Restrict Web
Features
Select the box(es) to restrict a feature. When you download a page containing a
restricted feature, that part of the web page will appear blank or grayed out.
ActiveX A tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications.
When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser,
where they remain in case you visit the site again.
Java A programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web
components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds.
Cookies Used by Web servers to track usage and provide service based on ID.
Web Proxy A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide
security, administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on
the WAN it is possible for LAN users to circumvent content filtering by pointing to this
proxy server.
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19.4 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG4104 features
described in this chapter.
19.4.1 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking
You can use commands to set how much of a website’s URL the content filter is to check for
keyword blocking. See the appendices for information on how to access and use the command
interpreter.
Domain Name or IP Address URL Checking
By default, the NBG4104 checks the URL’s domain name or IP address when performing keyword
blocking.
This means that the NBG4104 checks the characters that come before the first slash in the URL.
For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, content filtering only searches
for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw.
Full Path URL Checking
Full path URL checking has the NBG4104 check the characters that come before the last slash in the
URL.
For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, full path URL checking
searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw/news/.
Enable URL
Keyword Blocking
The NBG4104 can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the
domain name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites
containing this keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL
http://www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable
this feature.
Keyword Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters).
Wildcards are not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address.
Add Click Add after you have typed a keyword.
Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed.
When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message
telling you that the content filter is blocking this request.
Keyword List This list displays the keywords already added.
Delete Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword
disappears from the text box after you click Apply.
Clear All Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh
Table 48 Configuration > Security > Content Filter (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 6 [disable | enable] command to extend (or
not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the URL's full path.
File Name URL Checking
Filename URL checking has the NBG4104 check all of the characters in the URL.
For example, filename URL checking searches for keywords within the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/
news/pressroom.php.
Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 8 [disable | enable] command to extend (or
not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the URL's complete filename.
NBG4104 User’s Guide 121
CHAPTER 20
Remote Management
20.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens.
Remote Management allows you to manage your NBG4104 from a remote location through the
following interfaces:
•LAN and WAN
•LAN only
Note: The NBG4104 is managed using the Web Configurator.
20.2 What You Need to Know
Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
1The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field (Section 20.4 on page 122) does not match
the client IP address. If it does not match, the NBG4104 will disconnect the session immediately.
2There is already another remote management session. You may only have one remote
management session running at one time.
3There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
20.2.1 Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
• Use the NBG4104’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the NBG4104’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
20.3 What You Can Do
•Use the WWW screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es)
users can use HTTP or HTTPs to manage the NBG4104 (Section 20.4 on page 122).
•Use the Telnet screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es)
users can use Telnet to manage the NBG4104 (Section 20.5 on page 123).
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•Use the FTP screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users
can use to access the NBG4104 (Section 20.6 on page 124).
• Your NBG4104 can act as an SNMP agent, which allows a manager station to manage and
monitor the NBG4104 through the network. Use the SNMP screen to configure SNMP settings.
You can also specify from which IP addresses the access can come (Section 20.7 on page 124).
•Use the TR069 screen to configure the NBG4104’s TR-069 auto-configuration settings (Section
20.8 on page 127).
•Use the Import CA screen to import CA certificates to the NBG4104 (Section 20.9 on page 128).
20.4 The WWW Screen
To change your NBG4104’s remote management settings, click Configuration > Management >
Remote MGMT to open the WWW screen.
Figure 62 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
LABEL DESCRIPTION
HTTPS
Server Port You may change the server port number for a HTTPS service if needed. However you
must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this
HTTPS service.
Secured Client IP
Address
Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104.
Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access
the NBG4104.
HTTP
Server Port You may change the server port number for a HTTP service if needed. However you
must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this
HTTP service.
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20.5 The Telnet Screen
You can use Telnet to access the NBG4104’s command line interface. Specify which interfaces allow
Telnet access and from which IP address the access can come.
Click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet to display the screen as shown.
Figure 63 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Secured Client IP
Address
Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104.
Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access
the NBG4104.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 49 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > WWW (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 50 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TELNET
Server Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed. However you must use
the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this
service.
Secured Client IP
Address
Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104.
Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access
the NBG4104.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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20.6 The FTP Screen
Use this screen to specify which interfaces allow access and from which IP address the access can
come. To change your NBG4604’s settings, click Configuration > Management > Remote
MGMT > to display the screen as shown.
Figure 64 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > FTP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
20.7 The SNMP Screen
Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information
between network devices. Your NBG4104 supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a
manager station to manage and monitor the NBG4104 through the network. The NBG4104
Table 51 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > FTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed. However you must use
the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this
service.
Secured Client IP
Address
Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104.
Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access
the NBG4104.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two (SNMPv2c). The next figure illustrates an
SNMP management operation.
Figure 65 SNMP Management Model
An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager.
An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the NBG4104). An
agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form
compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform
network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed
devices.
The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of
information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include such as number of
packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of
managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing
these objects.
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The
manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations:
• Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.
• GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an
agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it
initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.
• Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.
• Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.
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To change your NBG4104’s SNMP settings, click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT
> SNMP to display the screen as shown.
Figure 66 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > SNMP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > SNMP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SNMP Settings
Server Port The SNMP agent listens on port 161 by default. If you change the SNMP server port to a
different number on the NBG4104, for example 8161, then you must notify people who
need to access the NBG4104 SNMP agent to use the same port.
Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this
service.
Secured Client IP
Address
Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104.
Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access
the NBG4104.
SNMP Settings
Enable SNMP Select this to enable SNMP on this device.
Get Community Enter the SNMP get community information here.
Set Community Enter the SNMP set community information here.
System Location Enter the SNMP system location.
System Contact Enter the SNMP system contact.
Trap Settings
Trap Settings Select this to enable trap settings on this device.
Trap Manager IP Type the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.
Trap Community Type the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP
manager. The default is public and allows all requests.
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20.8 The TR069 Screen
TR-069 defines how Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), for example your ZyXEL Device, can be
managed over the WAN by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS). TR-069 is based on sending
Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) between an ACS and a client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible
Markup Language (XML) format over HTTP or HTTPS.
An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the NBG4104, modify settings, perform
firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the NBG4104. You have to enable the device to
be managed by the ACS and specify the ACS IP address or domain name and username and
password.
Click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > TR069 to display the screen as shown.
Use this screen to configure your NBG4104 to be managed by an ACS.
Figure 67 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > TR069
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 52 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > SNMP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 53 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > TR069
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TR069 Client
Inform Select Enable for the NBG4104 to send periodic inform via TR-069 on the WAN.
Otherwise, select Disable.
Inform Interval Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the NBG4104 sends information to the
auto-configuration server.
ACS URL Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server.
ACS Username Enter the TR-069 user name for authentication with the auto-configuration server.
ACS Password Enter the TR-069 password for authentication with the auto-configuration server.
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20.9 The Import CA Screen
The NBG4104 can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are
based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public
key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.
Click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Import CA to open the following. You
can view or import a certificate in this screen.
Figure 68 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Import CA
Connection Request
Username
Enter the connection request user name.
When the ACS makes a connection request to the NBG4104, this user name is used to
authenticate the ACS.
Connection Request
Password
Enter the connection request password.
When the ACS makes a connection request to the NBG4104, this password is used to
authenticate the ACS.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 53 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > TR069 (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 54 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Import CA
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Import CA
Certificate
You can view the details of a certificate that is already imported.
If you want to change it, you can delete the old certificate and copy the new certificate
of a certification authority that you trust and paste it in the space between BEGIN
CERTIFICATE and END CERTIFICATE.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 21
Bandwidth Management
21.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management and editing rules.
ZyXEL’s Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an
application.
In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (A) to the WAN device (B). Bandwidth
management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN.
Figure 69 Bandwidth Management
You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual
applications (like VoIP, Web, and E-mail for example).
21.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen to enable bandwidth management and assign uplink limits (Section 21.4
on page 131).
•Use the Advanced screen to configure bandwidth management rules for the pre-defined services
and applications (Section 21.5 on page 132).
21.3 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
AB
Uplink Bandwidth
MGMT
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Bandwidth Limiting
You can limit an application’s uplink bandwidth. This limit keeps the traffic from using up too much
of the out-going interface’s bandwidth. This way you can make sure there is bandwidth for other
applications. Use the following guidelines:
• The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to
WAN) must be less than or equal to the Uplink value that you configure in the Bandwidth
Management General screen.
21.4 The Bandwidth MGMT General Screen
Use this screen to enable bandwidth management and assign uplink limits. You can use either one
of the following types:
•Priority Queue. Enable bandwidth management to give uplink traffic that matches a bandwidth
rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule. (This type does not apply to
downlink traffic.)
•Bandwidth Allocation. Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the
maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a
bandwidth rule.
Note: You cannot apply both bandwidth management types at the same time.
Click Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT to open the bandwidth management
General screen.
Figure 70 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
21.5 The Bandwidth MGMT Advanced Screen
Use this screen to configure bandwidth managements rule for specific protocols on an IP or IP
range.
Note: This screen contains the Priority Queue and Bandwidth Allocation tables.
Though both tables are described in this section, you can only apply the rules in one
table. Fill out the table of the Bandwidth Management Type you selected in the
Bandwidth MGMT General screen.
Table 55 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service Management
Bandwidth
Management
Type
This field allows you to have NBG4104 apply bandwidth management.
Select Disable if you do not want to use this feature.
Select Priority Queue to allocate bandwidth based on the pre-defined priority assigned to
an application. Refer to Section 21.5 on page 132.
Select Bandwidth Allocation allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific protocols
on an IP or IP range. Refer to Section 21.5 on page 132.
Total Bandwidth
Upstream Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 32kbps to 100mbps) that you want to dedicate
to upstream traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Click Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced to open the bandwidth
management Advanced screen.
Figure 71 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Priority Queue
#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Enable A yellow bulb indicates this rule is active. A gray bulb indicates it is disabled.
Service Name Enter the name of the service.
You can also enter the name (up to 10 keyboard characters) of a service you want to add in
the priority queue (for example, Messenger).
Priority Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose from 1 to 4 (1 is the highest).
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21.5.1 User Defined Service Rule Configuration
If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for specific protocols on an IP or IP range, click
the Edit icon in the Bandwidth Allocation table of the Advanced screen. The following screen
displays.
Figure 72 Advanced: Bandwidth Allocation Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Specific Port Select the port/s assigned to the service.
You can also specify the port/s to services to which you want to allocate bandwidth. Choose
either TCP&UDP, TCP or UDP in the drop-down menu and enter the port or range of ports
in the provided boxes.
Note: If you are entering a specific port and not a range of ports, you can either leave the
second port field blank or enter the same port number again.
Bandwidth
Allocation
Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific protocols on an IP or IP
range.
#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Enable A yellow bulb indicates this rule is active. A gray bulb indicates it is disabled.
LAN IP Range This displays the range of IP addresses for which the bandwidth management rule applies.
Port Range This displays the range of ports for which the bandwidth management rule applies.
Rate Limit This is the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed (refer to the field above) for the rule in
bits per second.
Modify Click the Edit icon to open the Bandwidth Allocation Edit screen. Modify an existing rule
or create a new rule in this screen. See Section 21.5.1 on page 134 for more information.
Click the Delete icon to delete a rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 56 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 57 Advanced: Bandwidth Allocation Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to turn on this bandwidth management rule.
LAN IP Range Specify the range of IP addresses for which the bandwidth management rule applies.
Protocol Select the protocol (TCP&UDP, TCP, or UDP) for which the bandwidth management rule
applies.
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21.5.2 Services and Port Numbers
See Appendix F on page 227 for commonly used services and port numbers.
Port Range Enter the range of ports for which the bandwidth management rule applies.
Max Rate (bps) Select the maximum bandwidth allowed for the rule in bits per second from the drop-list.
Otherwise, select User Defined and enter the rate manually.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 57 Advanced: Bandwidth Allocation Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 22
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
22.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for
simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a
network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
22.2 What You Need to Know
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
22.2.1 NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions.
NAT traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
22.2.2 Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also
be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For
security reasons, the NBG4104 allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
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All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
22.3 UPnP Screen
Use this screen to enable UPnP on your NBG4104.
Click Configuration > Management > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
Figure 73 Configuration > Management > UPnP
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
22.4 Technical Reference
The sections show examples of using UPnP.
22.4.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP
installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG4104.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG4104. Turn on your computer and
the NBG4104.
22.4.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device
1Click start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under
Internet Gateway.
Table 58 Configuration > Management > UPnP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable the
Universal Plug
and Play
(UPnP) Feature
Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to
open the web configurator's login screen without entering the NBG4104's IP address
(although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator).
Apply Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to return to the previously saved settings.
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2Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Figure 74 Network Connections
3In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there
were automatically created.
Figure 75 Internet Connection Properties
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4You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
Figure 76 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 77 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
5Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in
the system tray.
Figure 78 System Tray Icon
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6Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Figure 79 Internet Connection Status
22.4.2 Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG4104 without finding out the IP
address of the NBG4104 first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the
NBG4104.
Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.
1Click Start and then Control Panel.
2Double-click Network Connections.
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3Select My Network Places under Other Places.
Figure 80 Network Connections
4An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network.
5Right-click on the icon for your NBG4104 and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen
displays.
Figure 81 Network Connections: My Network Places
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6Right-click on the icon for your NBG4104 and select Properties. A properties window displays with
basic information about the NBG4104.
Figure 82 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
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CHAPTER 23
Maintenance
23.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Maintenance screens.
23.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen to set the timeout period of the management session (Section 23.3 on
page 143).
•Use the Password screen to change your NBG4104’s system password (Section 23.4 on page
144).
•Use the Time screen to change your NBG4104’s time and date (Section 23.5 on page 145).
•Use the Firmware Upgrade screen to upload firmware to your NBG4104 (Section 23.6 on page
146).
•Use the Backup/Restore screen to view information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration (Section 23.8 on page 148).
•Use the Restart screen to reboot the NBG4104 without turning the power off (Section 23.8 on
page 148).
•Use the Sys OP Mode screen to select how you want to use your NBG4104 (Section 23.10 on
page 150).
23.3 General Screen
Use this screen to set the management session timeout period. Click Maintenance > General.
The following screen displays.
Figure 83 Maintenance > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
23.4 Password Screen
It is strongly recommended that you change your NBG4104's password.
If you forget your NBG4104's password (or IP address), you will need to reset the device. See
Section 23.8 on page 148 for details.
Click Maintenance > Password. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 84 Maintenance > Password
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Maintenance > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG4104 in an Ethernet network.
Domain Name Enter the domain name you want to give to the NBG4104.
Administrator
Inactivity Timer
Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times
out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again.
Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management
session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 60 Maintenance > Password
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Old Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this
field.
New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password,
the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type.
Retype to
Confirm
Type the new password again in this field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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23.5 Time Setting Screen
Use this screen to configure the NBG4104’s time based on your local time zone. To change your
NBG4104’s time and date, click Maintenance > Time. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 85 Maintenance > Time
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61 Maintenance > Time
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date
Current Time This field displays the time of your NBG4104.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG4104 synchronizes the time with the time server.
Current Date This field displays the date of your NBG4104.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG4104 synchronizes the date with the time server.
Current Time and Date
Manual Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time
and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you
entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it.
New Time
(hh:mm:ss)
This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured
manually.
When you select Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply.
New Date
(yyyy/mm/dd)
This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured
manually.
When you select Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply.
Get from Time
Server
Select this radio button to have the NBG4104 get the time and date from the time server
you specified below.
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23.6 Firmware Upgrade Screen
Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a “*.bin”
extension, e.g., “NBG4104.bin”. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and
may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.
Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload
firmware to your NBG4104.
Figure 86 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG4104 while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the
NBG4104 again.
Auto Select Auto to have the NBG4104 automatically search for an available time server and
synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply.
User Defined
Time Server
Address
Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20
extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network
administrator if you are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time
zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 61 Maintenance > Time (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 62 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
LABEL DESCRIPTION
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse... Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must
decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
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The NBG4104 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 87 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, an error message appears. Click Return to go back to the
Firmware Upgrade screen.
23.7 Configuration Backup/Restore Screen
Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG4104’s current configuration to a file on
your computer. Once your NBG4104 is configured and functioning properly, it is highly
recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The
backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your
computer to your NBG4104.
Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.
Figure 88 Maintenance > Backup/Restore
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP
address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG4104
IP address (192.168.1.2). See Appendix D on page 185 for details on how to set up
your computer’s IP address.
23.8 Restart Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the NBG4104 without turning the power off.
Click Maintenance > Restart to open the following screen.
Figure 89 Maintenance > Restart
Click Restart to have the NBG4104 reboot. This does not affect the NBG4104's configuration.
Table 63 Maintenance > Backup/Restore
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Backup Click Backup to save the NBG4104’s current configuration to your computer.
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse... Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress
compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG4104 while configuration file upload is in progress.
After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one minute
before logging into the NBG4104 again. The NBG4104 automatically restarts in this time
causing a temporary network disconnect.
If you see an error screen, click Back to return to the Backup/Restore screen.
Reset Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration
information and returns the NBG4104 to its factory defaults.
You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your
NBG4104. Refer to the chapter about introducing the Web Configurator for more information
on the RESET button.
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23.9 System Operation Mode
The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure your NBG4104 as an
router or access point. You can choose between Router and Access Point Mode depending on
your network topology and the features you require from your device.
The following describes the device modes available in your NBG4104.
Router
A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet. The router has
two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address.
Figure 90 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode
Access Point
An access point enabled all ethernet ports to be bridged together and be in the same subnet. To
connect to the Internet, another device, such as a router, is required.
Figure 91 Access Point Mode
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23.10 Sys OP Mode Screen
Use this screen to select how you want to use your NBG4104.
Figure 92 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode
The following table describes the labels in the Sys OP Mode screen.
Note: If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you may not be able to connect
to the Internet.
Table 64 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Operation Mode
Router Mode Select Router Mode if your device routes traffic between a local network and another
network such as the Internet. This mode offers services such as a firewall or bandwidth
management.
You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system
administrator for more information on appropriate settings.
Access Point Select Access Point Mode if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same
network.
•In Access Point Mode, all Ethernet ports have the same IP address.
• All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN.
There is no WAN port.
• The DHCP server on your device is disabled.
• The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.2.
Apply Click Apply to save your settings.
Reset Click Reset to return your settings to the default (Router).
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CHAPTER 24
Troubleshooting
24.1 Overview
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential
problems are divided into the following categories.
•Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
•NBG4104 Access and Login
•Internet Access
•Resetting the NBG4104 to Its Factory Defaults
•Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
24.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG4104 does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG4104.
2Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG4104 and plugged in to an appropriate
power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
3Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG4104.
4If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on page 18.
2Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
4Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG4104.
5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
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24.3 NBG4104 Access and Login
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG4104.
1The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG4104
by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows
computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default
Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG4104 (it depends on the network), so enter this IP
address in your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start Guide
for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status screen. Your NBG4104’s IP
address is available in the Device Information table.
•If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed IP address.
•If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device receives an IP
address from a DHCP server on the network.
3If your NBG4104 is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This
information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network.
Find this information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more
information.
4Reset your NBG4104 to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings
are lost. See Section 24.5 on page 155 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your
NBG4104.
I forgot the username and password.
1The default username is admin and password is 1234.
2If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 24.5 on page
155.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator.
1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
• If you changed the IP address (Section 11.4 on page 83), use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I
don’t know the IP address of my NBG4104.
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2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java
enabled. See Appendix B on page 163.
4Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG4104. (If you know that there are
routers between your computer and the NBG4104, skip this step.)
• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP
address. See Section 11.4 on page 83.
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the
same subnet as the NBG4104. See Section 11.4 on page 83.
5Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG4104 with the default IP address.
See Section 3.3.1 on page 23.
6If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Try to access the NBG4104 using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the
NBG4104, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the
NBG4104 does not respond to HTTP.
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is
connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG4104.
1Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is 1234. This field is
case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
2You cannot log in to the Web Configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the NBG4104.
Log out of the NBG4104 in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out.
3This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after
5 minutes.
4Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG4104.
5If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 24.5 on page
155.
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24.4 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
2If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless
client are the same as the settings in the AP.
3Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
4Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode. Check your Configuration Mode setting.
•Select Router Mode if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network
such as the Internet.
•Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network.
5If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG4104), but
my Internet connection is not available anymore.
1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 18.
2Reboot the NBG4104.
3If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
1There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.5 on page 18.
If the NBG4104 is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the
Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
2Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG4104 closer to the AP if
possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless
network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
3Reboot the NBG4104.
4If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
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24.5 Resetting the NBG4104 to Its Factory Defaults
If you reset the NBG4104, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG4104 re-loads its
default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again.
You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button.
To reset the NBG4104:
1Make sure the power LED is on.
2Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG4104.
3Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG4104 back to its factory-default
configurations.
If the NBG4104 restarts automatically, wait for the NBG4104 to finish restarting, and log in to the
Web Configurator. The password is 1234.
If the NBG4104 does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG4104’s power.
Then, follow the directions above again.
24.6 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
I cannot access the NBG4104 or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router).
1Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG4104.
2Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
3Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports
the same wireless standard as the NBG4104.
4Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the
NBG4104.
5Check that both the NBG4104 and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless
security settings.
6Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the NBG4104.
7Make sure you allow the NBG4104 to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check
your remote management settings.
• See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the User’s Guide for more information.
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I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be blocked.
Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the Content Filtering
screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in the Keyword List.
If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize
the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking
section in the Content Filtering chapter.
I can access the Internet, but I cannot open my network folders.
Make sure your account has access rights to the folder you are trying to open.
I cannot access the Web Configurator after I switched to AP mode.
When you change from router mode to AP mode, your computer must have an IP address in the
range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
Refer to Appendix D on page 185 for instructions on how to change your computer’s IP address.
What factors may cause intermittent or unstabled wireless connection? How can I solve this
problem?
The following factors may cause interference:
• Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture, and so on.
• Building Materials: metal doors, aluminum studs.
• Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors, electric motors, cordless phones, and other wireless
devices.
To optimize the speed and quality of your wireless connection, you can:
• Move your wireless device closer to the AP if the signal strength is low.
• Reduce wireless interference that may be caused by other wireless networks or surrounding
wireless electronics such as cordless phones.
• Place the AP where there are minimum obstacles (such as walls and ceilings) between the AP and
the wireless client.
• Reduce the number of wireless clients connecting to the same AP simultaneously, or add
additional APs if necessary.
• Try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. If the
wireless client is sending or receiving a lot of information, it may have too many programs open
that use the Internet.
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• Position the antenna for best reception. If the AP is placed on a table or floor, point the antenna
upwards. If the AP is placed at a high position, point the antenna downwards. Try pointing the
antenna in different directions and check which provides the strongest signal to the wireless
clients.
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APPENDIX A
Product Specifications
The following tables summarize the NBG4104’s hardware and firmware features.
Table 65 Hardware Features
Dimensions 162 mm (W) x 115 mm (D) x 33 mm (H)
Weight 205g (0.45 lb.)
SDRAM 32 MB
Flash Memory 8 MB
Power Specification Input: 100~240 AC, 50~60 Hz
Output: 12 V DC 0.5A
Ethernet ports Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode.
Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables.
Built-in Switch The NBG4104 can support speeds from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps and you can connect
multiple computers or servers (for example, game servers) in your network to the
NBG4104.
LEDs Power, WPS, WAN, WLAN, LAN1-4
Reset button The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to restore the
NBG4104 to its factory default settings. Press for longer than 1 second to restart
the device. Press for more than 5 seconds to restore to factory default settings.
WPS button Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds for a security-
enabled wireless connection.
Antenna The NBG4104 is equipped with one 2dBi (2.4GHz) detachable antenna to provide
clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network.
Operation Environment Temperature: 0º C ~ 40º C
Humidity: 20% ~ 85% Non-Condensing
Storage Environment Temperature: -20º C ~ 60º C
Humidity: 20% ~ 90% Non-Condensing
Table 66 Firmware Features
FEATURE DESCRIPTION
Default LAN IP Address 192.168.1.1 (router)
192.168.1.2. (AP)
Default LAN Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
Default User Name admin
Default Password 1234
DHCP Pool 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64
Wireless Interface Wireless LAN
Default Wireless SSID ZyXEL
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Device Management Use the Web Configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the
NBG4104.
Wireless Functionality Allows IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n wireless clients to connect
to the NBG4104 wirelessly. Enable wireless security (WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC
filtering to protect your wireless network.
Note: The NBG4104 may be prone to RF (Radio Frequency) interference from other
2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth
enabled devices, and other wireless LANs.
Firmware Upgrade Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the Web
Configurator to put it on the NBG4104.
Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
Configuration Backup &
Restoration
Make a copy of the NBG4104’s configuration and put it back on the NBG4104 later if
you decide you want to revert back to an earlier configuration.
Network Address
Translation (NAT)
Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to
convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP addresses for the
computers on your network.
Firewall You can configure firewall on the NBG4104 for secure Internet access. When the
firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is
blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the
outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet
and download files for example.
Content Filter The NBG4104 blocks web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify.
Bandwidth Management You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and
giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers.
Remote Management This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP traffic for example) from a
computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the NBG4104.
Wireless LAN Scheduler You can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/disabled.
Time and Date Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your
NBG4104. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used
in logs.
Port Forwarding If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, then use
this feature to let people access it from the Internet.
DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol)
Use this feature to have the NBG4104 assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway
and DNS servers to computers on your network.
Dynamic DNS Support With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL,
www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this
service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.
IP Multicast IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The NBG4104
supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to
join multicast groups (see RFC 2236).
Logging Use logs for troubleshooting. You can view logs in the Web Configurator.
PPPoE PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection.
Universal Plug and Play
(UPnP)
The NBG4104 can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a network.
Table 66 Firmware Features (continued)
FEATURE DESCRIPTION
Appendix A Product Specifications
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24.7 Wall-mounting Instructions
Complete the following steps to hang your NBG4104 on a wall.
1Select a position free of obstructions on a sturdy wall.
2Drill two holes for the screws.
Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall
when drilling holes for the screws.
3Do not insert the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the
heads of the screws and the wall.
4Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the NBG4104
with the connection cables.
5Align the holes on the back of the NBG4104 with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG4104 on the
screws.
Figure 93 Wall-mounting Example
The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All
measurements are in millimeters (mm).
Figure 94 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw
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APPENDIX B
Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java
Permissions
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: The screens used below belong to Internet Explorer version 6, 7 and 8. Screens for
other Internet Explorer versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow
pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.
Disable Pop-up Blockers
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 95 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
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2Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any
web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
Figure 96 Internet Options: Privacy
3Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
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2Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
Figure 97 Internet Options: Privacy
3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the
prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
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4Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Figure 98 Pop-up Blocker Settings
5Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
6Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScript
If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScript
are allowed.
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1In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 99 Internet Options: Security
2Click the Custom Level... button.
3Scroll down to Scripting.
4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
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6Click OK to close the window.
Figure 100 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
2Click the Custom Level... button.
3Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
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5Click OK to close the window.
Figure 101 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab.
2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.
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3Click OK to close the window.
Figure 102 Java (Sun)
Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. The steps
below apply to Mozilla Firefox 3.0 as well.
You can enable Java, Javascript and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the
screen that appears.
Figure 103 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options
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Click Content to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Figure 104 Mozilla Firefox Content Security
Opera
Opera 10 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly.
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Allowing Pop-Ups
From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the General tab, go to Choose how you prefer
to handle pop-ups and select Open all pop-ups.
Figure 105 Opera: Allowing Pop-Ups
Enabling Java
From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the Advanced tab, select Content from the left-
side menu. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Figure 106 Opera: Enabling Java
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To customize JavaScript behavior in the Opera browser, click JavaScript Options.
Figure 107 Opera: JavaScript Options
Select the items you want Opera’s JavaScript to apply.
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APPENDIX C
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same
way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common
network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has
its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are
delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example,
192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary
number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in
decimal.
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The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are
the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Figure 108 Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according
to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are
part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP
address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit
in the IP address is part of the host ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host
ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the
leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value).
For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24
bits are zeroes.
Table 67 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example
1ST OCTET:
(192)
2ND
OCTET:
(168)
3RD
OCTET:
(1)
4TH OCTET
(2)
IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001
Host ID 00000010
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Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following
examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have
on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of
remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit
subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that
network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of
possible hosts in a network as follows:
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/”
followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Table 68 Subnet Masks
BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST
OCTET 2ND
OCTET 3RD
OCTET 4TH OCTET
8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0
16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0
24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0
29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248
Table 69 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
HOSTS
8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 224 – 2 16777214
16 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 216 – 2 65534
24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 28 – 2 254
29 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits 23 – 2 6
Table 70 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION LAST OCTET
(BINARY) LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0
255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128
255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192
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Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example
a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the
company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum
of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Figure 109 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-
networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25
and 192.168.1.128 /25.
255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224
255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240
255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248
255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252
Table 70 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued)
SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION LAST OCTET
(BINARY) LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
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The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-
networks, A and B.
Figure 110 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126
possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s
broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask
255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to
an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two
subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID
bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all
zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
Table 71 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
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Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111).
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
Table 72 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 64
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Table 73 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 128
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 74 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 192
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Table 71 Subnet 1 (continued)
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
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The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.
Table 75 Eight Subnets
SUBNET SUBNET
ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST
ADDRESS BROADCAST
ADDRESS
1 0 1 30 31
232 33 62 63
364 65 94 95
496 97 126 127
5128 129 158 159
6160 161 190 191
7192 193 222 223
8224 225 254 255
Table 76 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
1255.255.255.128 (/25) 2126
2255.255.255.192 (/26) 462
3255.255.255.224 (/27) 830
4255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14
5255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6
6255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2
7255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1
Table 77 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
1255.255.128.0 (/17) 232766
2255.255.192.0 (/18) 416382
3255.255.224.0 (/19) 88190
4255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094
5255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046
6255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022
7255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510
8255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254
9255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126
10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62
11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30
12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14
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Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses
specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You
must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG4104.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG4104 that is easy to
remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using
that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG4104 will
compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need
to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG4104 unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the
guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address
Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6
14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2
15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1
Table 77 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued)
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
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IP Address Conflicts
Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on
the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also
be unreachable through the network.
Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a
static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to
computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by
assigning a different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address
automatically.
Figure 111 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network
numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the router’s LAN
and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are
on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot
route between networks.
Figure 112 Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
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Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and
the router’s LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the
Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the
router’s LAN port.
Figure 113 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
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APPENDIX D
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
Note: Your specific NBG4104 may not support all of the operating systems described in
this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which
operating systems are supported.
This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be
able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/
OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on
your computer.
If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network’s
computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.
In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:
•Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 186
•Windows Vista on page 189
•Windows 7 on page 193
•Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 197
•Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 200
•Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 203
•Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 207
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Windows XP/NT/2000
The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows
2000 and Windows NT.
1Click Start > Control Panel.
2In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.
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3Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
4On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.
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5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.
6Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP
address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default
gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network
administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS
server, if that information was provided.
7Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
8Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network
connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection
information.
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Windows Vista
This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.
1Click Start > Control Panel.
2In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.
3Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.
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4Click Manage network connections.
5Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying
that it needs your permission to continue.
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6Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
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7The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
8Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP
address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default
gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network
administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS
server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced.
9Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network
connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection
information.
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Windows 7
This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise.
1Click Start > Control Panel.
2In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet
category.
3Click Change adapter settings.
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4Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying
that it needs your permission to continue.
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5Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
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6The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
7Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP
address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default
gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network
administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS
server, if that information was provided. Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced
settings for IP, DNS and WINS.
8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
9Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
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Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
3The IP settings are displayed as follows.
Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.
1Click Apple > System Preferences.
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2In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.
3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network
connection type list, and then click Configure.
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4For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP
tab.
5For statically assigned settings, do the following:
•From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.
•In the IP Address field, type your IP address.
•In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.
•In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.
6Click Apply Now and close the window.
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Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then
selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab.
Figure 114 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility
Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6.
1Click Apple > System Preferences.
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2In System Preferences, click the Network icon.
3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection
types.
4From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.
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5For statically assigned settings, do the following:
•From the Configure list, select Manually.
•In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.
•In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
•In the Router field, enter the IP address of your NBG4104.
6Click Apply and close the window.
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Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then
selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab.
Figure 115 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility
Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model
Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file
locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual
configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:
1Click System > Administration > Network.
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2When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By
default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your
configuration unless you first enter your admin password.
3In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the
Authenticate button.
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4In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click
Properties.
5The Properties dialog box opens.
•In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP
address.
•In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the
IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields.
6Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network
Settings screen.
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7If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window
and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
8Click the Close button to apply the changes.
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Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then
selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics
column shows data if your connection is working properly.
Figure 116 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools
Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop
Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file
locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual
configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:
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1Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).
2When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.
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3When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the
Network Card icon.
4When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate
connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button.
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5When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab
Figure 117 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup
6Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.
Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,
Subnet mask, and Hostname fields.
7Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
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8If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings
and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
9Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the
Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information.
Figure 118 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager
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When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to
see if your connection is working properly.
Figure 119 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager
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APPENDIX E
Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN Topologies
This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.
Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration
The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of
computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within
range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an
ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example
of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN.
Figure 120 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network
BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a
wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless
client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is
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disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with
each other.
Figure 121 Basic Service Set
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access
point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection
between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).
This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only
provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the
immediate neighborhood.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG4104 User’s Guide 215
An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated
wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
Figure 122 Infrastructure WLAN
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data.
Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your
region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce
interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing
interference and degrading performance.
Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should
be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For
example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to
select a channel between 6 or 11.
RTS/CTS
A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not
within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are
within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG4104 User’s Guide
216
cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore,
they are considered hidden from each other.
Figure 123 RTS/CTS
When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the
channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of
data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.
RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest
size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is
invoked.
When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station
that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for
permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other
stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms
with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.
Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and
the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the
RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be
fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could
negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
Fragmentation Threshold
A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes)
that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data
frames.
A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while
you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG4104 User’s Guide 217
If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you
set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames
will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of
the synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide
more efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the
network support it, otherwise the NBG4104 uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b
adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or
lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the
maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Wireless Security Overview
Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless
clients, access points and the wired network.
Wireless security methods available on the NBG4104 are data encryption, wireless client
authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the NBG4104 identity.
Table 78 IEEE 802.11g
DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION
1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)
2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying)
6/9/12/18/24/36/48/
54
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Appendix E Wireless LANs
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218
The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on
your NBG4104.
Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NBG4104 and on all
wireless clients that you want to associate with it.
IEEE 802.1x
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to
support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It
is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x
are:
• User based identification that allows for roaming.
• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for
centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server.
• Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional
authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless
clients.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and
accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server
handles the following tasks:
• Authentication
Determines the identity of the users.
•Authorization
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the
network.
• Accounting
Keeps track of the client’s network activity.
Table 79 Wireless Security Levels
SECURITY
LEVEL SECURITY TYPE
Least
Secure
Most Secure
Unique SSID (Default)
Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled
MAC Address Filtering
WEP Encryption
IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
WPA2
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG4104 User’s Guide 219
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the
wireless client and the network RADIUS server.
Types of RADIUS Messages
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user authentication:
• Access-Request
Sent by an access point requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject
Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept
Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
• Access-Challenge
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point
sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message.
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user accounting:
• Accounting-Request
Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response
Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret
key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the
shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from
unauthorized access.
Types of EAP Authentication
This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and
LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE
802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP
to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a
RADIUS server perform authentication.
The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that
supports IEEE 802.1x. .
For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain
the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used
to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate
owner.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
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220
EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)
MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server
sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by
encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in
plain text.
However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get
the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the
authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an
authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication.
Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You
must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption.
EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)
With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for
mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of
the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done
in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive
attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity.
However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which
imposes a management overhead.
EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)
EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-
side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending
username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client
authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP,
CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
PEAP (Protected EAP)
Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then
use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the
clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5,
EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is
implemented only by Cisco.
LEAP
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the
wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is
generated each time reauthentication is performed.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
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If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless
security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while
dynamic WEP is enabled.
Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic
keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public
deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a
comparison of the features of authentication types.
WPA and WPA2
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a
wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management
than WPA.
Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user
authentication.
If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use
WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use
WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into
each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless
client will be granted access to a WLAN.
If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on
whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.
Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less
secure than WPA or WPA2.
Encryption
WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity
Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but
offers stronger encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter
mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP).
TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server.
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm
Table 80 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types
EAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAP
Mutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Certificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional No
Certificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes No
Dynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Credential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong Moderate
Deployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate Moderate
Client Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No
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222
called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check
(MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying
mechanism.
WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is
never used twice.
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key
hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption
keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless
clients. This all happens in the background automatically.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets,
altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the
receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is
assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity
checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi
network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference
between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific
credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force
password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent,
single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal
encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of
WEP)
User Authentication
WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate
wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange
messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a
network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and
pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless
devices.
Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication
with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not
need to go with the authentication process again.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an
AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Wireless Client WPA Supplicants
A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless
client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch
for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client.
The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero
Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG4104 User’s Guide 223
WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812),
and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server
looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies
network access accordingly.
3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS
server and the client.
4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and
management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The
keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and
the wireless clients.
Figure 124 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
WPA(2)-PSK Application Example
A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must
consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and
symbols).
2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password
matches.
3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not
sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
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224
4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information
exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data
exchanged between them.
Figure 125 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
Security Parameters Summary
Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each
authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on
how you configure these security features.
Antenna Overview
An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to
the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by
capturing RF signals from the air.
Table 81 Wireless Security Relational Matrix
AUTHENTICATION
METHOD/ KEY
MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
ENCRYPTIO
N METHOD ENTER
MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X
Open None No Disable
Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
WPA TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG4104 User’s Guide 225
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
Antenna Characteristics
Frequency
An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a)
is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN
Radiation Pattern
A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage
area.
Antenna Gain
Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width.
Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications.
For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately
2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of
approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment.
Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal
power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna
that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the
antenna provides.
Types of Antennas for WLAN
There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.
• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The
coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room
environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage
areas with multiple access points.
• Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light
from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles
typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional
antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.
Positioning Antennas
In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In
point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to
each other to attain the best performance.
For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For
omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP
application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
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226
For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
NBG4104 User’s Guide 227
APPENDIX F
Common Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port
numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit
the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site.
•Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a
different one, if you like.
•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service
uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP
protocol number, not the port number.
•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information
about port numbers.
•If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.
•If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.
•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations
in which this service is used.
Table 82 Commonly Used Services
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
AH
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header)
tunneling protocol uses this service.
AIM/New-ICQ TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service. It is
also used as a listening port by ICQ.
AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some
servers.
BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME TCP
UDP
7648
24032
A popular videoconferencing solution from
White Pines Software.
DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that
matches web names (for example
www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.
ESP
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security
Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this
service.
FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related
command that can be used to find out if a
user is logged on.
TCP
TCP
20
21
File Transfer Program, a program to enable
fast transfer of files, including large files
that may not be possible by e-mail.
H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.
Appendix F Common Services
NBG4104 User’s Guide
228
HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/
server protocol for the world wide web.
HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used
in e-commerce.
ICMP User-Defined 1Internet Control Message Protocol is often
used for diagnostic or routing purposes.
ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.
IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined 2Internet Group Management Protocol is
used when sending packets to a specific
group of hosts.
IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is
used for key distribution and
management.
IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat
program.
MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service
uses this protocol.
NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.
NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.
NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/
server distributed file service that provides
transparent file sharing for network
environments.
NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the
delivery mechanism for the USENET
newsgroup service.
PING User-Defined 1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that
sends out ICMP echo requests to test
whether or not a remote host is reachable.
POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client
computer get e-mail from a POP3 server
through a temporary connection (TCP/IP
or other).
PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables
secure transfer of data over public
networks. This is the control channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL
(GRE)
User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
enables secure transfer of data over public
networks. This is the data channel.
RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables
real time sound over the web.
REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.
RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.
RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control)
Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for
multimedia on the Internet.
STCP 115 Simple File Transfer Protocol.
Table 82 Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix F Common Services
NBG4104 User’s Guide 229
SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the
message-exchange standard for the
Internet. SMTP enables you to move
messages from one e-mail server to
another.
SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.
SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface
to access data on many different types of
database systems, including mainframes,
midrange systems, UNIX systems and
network servers.
SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a
UNIX server.
TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal
Access Controller Access Control System).
TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation
protocol common on the Internet and in
UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/
IP networks. Its primary function is to
allow users to log into remote host
systems.
TUDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet
file transfer protocol similar to , but uses
the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather
than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Another videoconferencing solution.
Table 82 Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix F Common Services
NBG4104 User’s Guide
230
NBG4104 User’s Guide 231
APPENDIX G
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or
software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent
rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein
without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
TradeMarks
NetUSB is a trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this
publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective
owners.
Certifications
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement
The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operations.
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation.
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide
232
If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be
determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
• IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1
through 11.
• To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20
cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons.
Industry Canada Statement
This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
1this device may not cause interference and
2this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired
operation of the device
This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 2dBi and
5dBi.
Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required
antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so
chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful communication.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
IC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm
between the radiator & your body.
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide 233
注意 !
依據 低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法
第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用
者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現
有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍
受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。
減少電磁波影響，請妥適使用。
Notices
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could
void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and
Switzerland, with restrictions in France.
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Viewing Certifications
1Go to http://www.zyxel.com.
2Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.
3Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in
materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the
warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to
faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective
products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall
deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any
replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or
higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the
product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to
abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser.
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide
234
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty
policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/
support_warranty_info.php.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
End-User License Agreement
WARNING: ZyXEL Communications Corp. IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE ENCLOSED SOFTWARE TO
YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS
LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THE
INSTALLATION PROCESS AS INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE WILL INDICATE YOUR ASSENT TO THEM.
IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, THEN ZyXEL, INC. IS UNWILLING TO LICENSE THE
SOFTWARE TO YOU, IN WHICH EVENT YOU SHOULD RETURN THE UNINSTALLED SOFTWARE AND
PACKAGING TO THE PLACE FROM WHICH IT WAS ACQUIRED, AND YOUR MONEY WILL BE
REFUNDED.
1Grant of License for Personal Use
ZyXEL Communications Corp. ("ZyXEL") grants you a non-exclusive, non-sublicense, non-
transferable license to use the program with which this license is distributed (the "Software"),
including any documentation files accompanying the Software ("Documentation"), for internal
business use only, for up to the number of users specified in sales order and invoice. You have the
right to make one backup copy of the Software and Documentation solely for archival, back-up or
disaster recovery purposes. You shall not exceed the scope of the license granted hereunder. Any
rights not expressly granted by ZyXEL to you are reserved by ZyXEL, and all implied licenses are
disclaimed.
2Ownership
You have no ownership rights in the Software. Rather, you have a license to use the Software as
long as this License Agreement remains in full force and effect. Ownership of the Software,
Documentation and all intellectual property rights therein shall remain at all times with ZyXEL. Any
other use of the Software by any other entity is strictly forbidden and is a violation of this License
Agreement.
3Copyright
The Software and Documentation contain material that is protected by United States Copyright Law
and trade secret law, and by international treaty provisions. All rights not granted to you herein are
expressly reserved by ZyXEL. You may not remove any proprietary notice of ZyXEL or any of its
licensors from any copy of the Software or Documentation.
4Restrictions
You may not publish, display, disclose, sell, rent, lease, modify, store, loan, distribute, or create
derivative works of the Software, or any part thereof. You may not assign, sublicense, convey or
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide 235
otherwise transfer, pledge as security or otherwise encumber the rights and licenses granted
hereunder with respect to the Software. Certain components of the Software, and third party open
source programs included with the Software, have been or may be made available by ZyXEL on its
Open Source web site (://opensource.zyxel.com) (collectively the "Open-Sourced Components")
You may modify or replace only these Open-Sourced Components; provided that you comply with
the terms of this License and any applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced
Components. ZyXEL is not obligated to provide any maintenance, technical or other support for the
resultant modified Software. You may not copy, reverse engineer, decompile, reverse compile,
translate, adapt, or disassemble the Software, or any part thereof, nor shall you attempt to create
the source code from the object code for the Software. Except as and only to the extent expressly
permitted in this License, by applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced
Components, or by applicable law, you may not market, co-brand, private label or otherwise permit
third parties to link to the Software, or any part thereof. You may not use the Software, or any part
thereof, in the operation of a service bureau or for the benefit of any other person or entity. You
may not cause, assist or permit any third party to do any of the foregoing. Portions of the Software
utilize or include third party software and other copyright material. Acknowledgements, licensing
terms and disclaimers for such material are contained in the online electronic documentation for the
Software (://opensource.zyxel.com), and your use of such material is governed by their respective
terms. ZyXEL has provided, as part of the Software package, access to certain third party software
as a convenience. To the extent that the Software contains third party software, ZyXEL has no
express or implied obligation to provide any technical or other support for such software. Please
contact the appropriate software vendor or manufacturer directly for technical support and
customer service related to its software and products.
5Confidentiality
You acknowledge that the Software contains proprietary trade secrets of ZyXEL and you hereby
agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Software using at least as great a degree of care as you
use to maintain the confidentiality of your own most confidential information. You agree to
reasonably communicate the terms and conditions of this License Agreement to those persons
employed by you who come into contact with the Software, and to use reasonable best efforts to
ensure their compliance with such terms and conditions, including, without limitation, not
knowingly permitting such persons to use any portion of the Software for the purpose of deriving
the source code of the Software.
6No Warranty
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS." TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ZyXEL
DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ZyXEL DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE
SOFTWARE WILL MEET ANY REQUIREMENTS OR NEEDS YOU MAY HAVE, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE
WILL OPERATE ERROR FREE, OR IN AN UNINTERUPTED FASHION, OR THAT ANY DEFECTS OR
ERRORS IN THE SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE IS COMPATIBLE WITH
ANY PARTICULAR PLATFORM. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE WAIVER OR EXCLUSION
OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES SO THEY MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IF THIS EXCLUSION IS HELD TO BE
UNENFORCEABLE BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, THEN ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED
WARRANTIES SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TO A PERIOD OF THIRTY (30) DAYS FROM THE
DATE OF PURCHASE OF THE SOFTWARE, AND NO WARRANTIES SHALL APPLY AFTER THAT PERIOD.
7Limitation of Liability
IN NO EVENT WILL ZyXEL BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE,
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide
236
OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION,
OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE
PROGRAM, OR FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY, EVEN IF ZyXEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ZyXEL's AGGREGATE LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ITS
OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND
DOCUMENTATION OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE EQUAL TO THE PURCHASE PRICE, BUT SHALL IN NO
EVENT EXCEED THE PRODUCT°ØS PRICE. BECAUSE SOME STATES/COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW
THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES,
THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
8Export Restrictions
THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT IS EXPRESSLY MADE SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE LAWS,
REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE EXPORT OF THE SOFTWARE OR
INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH SOFTWARE WHICH MAY BE IMPOSED FROM TIME TO TIME. YOU
SHALL NOT EXPORT THE SOFTWARE, DOCUMENTATION OR INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOFTWARE
AND DOCUMENTATION WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH SUCH LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR
OTHER RESTRICTIONS. YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY ZyXEL AGAINST ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES,
DAMAGES, LIABILITIES, COSTS AND EXPENSES, INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES, TO
THE EXTENT SUCH CLAIMS ARISE OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS SECTION 8.
9Audit Rights
ZyXEL SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT, AT ITS OWN EXPENSE, UPON REASONABLE PRIOR NOTICE, TO
PERIODICALLY INSPECT AND AUDIT YOUR RECORDS TO ENSURE YOUR COMPLIANCE WITH THE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT.
10 Termination
This License Agreement is effective until it is terminated. You may terminate this License
Agreement at any time by destroying or returning to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and
Documentation in your possession or under your control. ZyXEL may terminate this License
Agreement for any reason, including, but not limited to, if ZyXEL finds that you have violated any of
the terms of this License Agreement. Upon notification of termination, you agree to destroy or
return to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation and to certify in writing that all
known copies, including backup copies, have been destroyed. All provisions relating to
confidentiality, proprietary rights, and non-disclosure shall survive the termination of this Software
License Agreement.
11 General
This License Agreement shall be construed, interpreted and governed by the laws of Republic of
China without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof. The exclusive forum for any disputes
arising out of or relating to this License Agreement shall be an appropriate court or Commercial
Arbitration Association sitting in ROC, Taiwan. This License Agreement shall constitute the entire
Agreement between the parties hereto. This License Agreement, the rights granted hereunder, the
Software and Documentation shall not be assigned by you without the prior written consent of
ZyXEL. Any waiver or modification of this License Agreement shall only be effective if it is in writing
and signed by both parties hereto. If any part of this License Agreement is found invalid or
unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this License Agreement shall
be interpreted so as to reasonably effect the intention of the parties.
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide 237
Note: Some components of this product incorporate source code covered under the
Apache License, GPL License, LGPL License, Sun License, and Castor License. To
obtain the source code covered under those Licenses, please check ://
opensource.zyxel.com to get it.
Regulatory Information
European Union
The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union.
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE
Directive)
Compliance Information for 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wireless Products Relevant to the EU and Other
Countries Following the EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
[Czech] ZyXEL tímto prohlašuje, že tento zařízení je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími
příslušnými ustanoveními směrnice 1999/5/EC.
[Danish] Undertegnede ZyXEL erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr udstyr overholder de væsentlige
krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
[German] Hiermit erklärt ZyXEL, dass sich das Gerät Ausstattung in Übereinstimmung mit den
grundlegenden Anforderungen und den übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie
1999/5/EU befindet.
[Estonian] Käesolevaga kinnitab ZyXEL seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele
ja nimetatud direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
English Hereby, ZyXEL declares that this equipment is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
[Spanish] Por medio de la presente ZyXEL declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales
y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE.
[Greek] ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ ZyXEL ΔΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ εξοπλισμός ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ
ΟΥΣΙΩΔΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΔΗΓΙΑΣ 1999/5/ΕC.
[French] Par la présente ZyXEL déclare que l'appareil équipements est conforme aux exigences
essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/EC.
[Italian] Con la presente ZyXEL dichiara che questo attrezzatura è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed
alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE.
[Latvian] Ar šo ZyXEL deklarē, ka iekārtas atbilst Direktīvas 1999/5/EK būtiskajām prasībām un
citiem ar to saistītajiem noteikumiem.
[Lithuanian] Šiuo ZyXEL deklaruoja, kad šis įranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB
Direktyvos nuostatas.
[Dutch] Hierbij verklaart ZyXEL dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentiële
eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EC.
[Maltese] Hawnhekk, ZyXEL, jiddikjara li dan tagħmir jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma
provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
[Hungarian] Alulírott, ZyXEL nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezés megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ
követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EK irányelv egyéb elõírásainak.
[Polish] Niniejszym ZyXEL oświadcza, że sprzęt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz
pozostałymi stosownymi postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC.
[Portuguese] ZyXEL declara que este equipamento está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras
disposições da Directiva 1999/5/EC.
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide
238
National Restrictions
This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU directive 1999/
5/EC) without any limitation except for the countries mentioned below:
Ce produit peut être utilisé dans tous les pays de l’UE (et dans tous les pays ayant transposés la
directive 1999/5/CE) sans aucune limitation, excepté pour les pays mentionnés ci-dessous:
Questo prodotto è utilizzabile in tutte i paesi EU (ed in tutti gli altri paesi che seguono le direttive EU
1999/5/EC) senza nessuna limitazione, eccetto per i paesii menzionati di seguito:
Das Produkt kann in allen EU Staaten ohne Einschränkungen eingesetzt werden (sowie in anderen
Staaten die der EU Direktive 1995/5/CE folgen) mit Außnahme der folgenden aufgeführten
Staaten:
In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2, 4- and 5-GHz bands have been
made available for the use of wireless local area networks (LANs). Later in this document you will
find an overview of countries inwhich additional restrictions or requirements or both are applicable.
The requirements for any country may evolve. ZyXEL recommends that you check with the local
authorities for the latest status of their national regulations for both the 2,4- and 5-GHz wireless
LANs.
The following countries have restrictions and/or requirements in addition to those given in the table
labeled “Overview of Regulatory Requirements for Wireless LANs”:.
[Slovenian] ZyXEL izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi
določili direktive 1999/5/EC.
[Slovak] ZyXEL týmto vyhlasuje, že zariadenia spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné
ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/EC.
[Finnish] ZyXEL vakuuttaa täten että laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten
vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
[Swedish] Härmed intygar ZyXEL att denna utrustning står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga
egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 1999/5/EC.
[Bulgarian] С настоящото ZyXEL декларира, че това оборудване е в съответствие със съществените
изисквания и другите приложими разпоредбите на Директива 1999/5/ЕC.
[Icelandic] Hér með lýsir, ZyXEL því yfir að þessi búnaður er í samræmi við grunnkröfur og önnur
viðeigandi ákvæði tilskipunar 1999/5/EC.
[Norwegian] Erklærer herved ZyXEL at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og
andre relevante bestemmelser I direktiv 1999/5/EF.
[Romanian] Prin prezenta, ZyXEL declară că acest echipament este în conformitate cu cerinţele
esenţiale şi alte prevederi relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/EC.
Overview of Regulatory Requirements for Wireless LANs
Frequency Band (MHz) Max Power Level
(EIRP)1 (mW)
Indoor ONLY Indoor and Outdoor
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide 239
Belgium
The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any
outdoor wireless link having a range exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for
more details.
Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen
aangemeld te worden bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie
http://www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens.
Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres
doivent être notifiées à l’Institut Belge des services Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT).
Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples détails.
Denmark
In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage.
I Danmark må frekvensbåndet 5150 - 5350 også anvendes udendørs.
France
For 2.4 GHz, the output power is restricted to 10 mW EIRP when the product is used outdoors in the
band 2454 - 2483.5 MHz. There are no restrictions when used indoors or in other parts of the 2.4
GHz band. Check http://www.arcep.fr/ for more details.
Pour la bande 2.4 GHz, la puissance est limitée à 10 mW en p.i.r.e. pour les équipements utilisés en
extérieur dans la bande 2454 - 2483.5 MHz. Il n'y a pas de restrictions pour des utilisations en
intérieur ou dans d'autres parties de la bande 2.4 GHz. Consultez http://www.arcep.fr/ pour de plus
amples détails.
Italy
This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National
Frequency Allocation Table for Italy. Unless this wireless LAN product is operating within the
boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires a “general authorization.” Please check http://
www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details.
Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano
Nazionale di ripartizione delle frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato all 'interno del proprio
2400-2483.5 100 V
5150-5350 200 V
5470-5725 1000 V
R&TTE 1999/5/EC
WLAN 2.4 – 2.4835 GHz
IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
Location Frequency Range(GHz) Power (EIRP)
Indoor (No restrictions) 2.4 – 2.4835 100mW (20dBm)
Outdoor 2.4 – 2.454 100mW (20dBm)
2.454 – 2.4835 10mW (10dBm)
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG4104 User’s Guide
240
fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede una “Autorizzazione Generale”. Consultare http://
www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli.
Latvia
The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic
Communications Office. Please check http://www.esd.lv for more details.
2.4 GHz frekvenèu joslas izmantoðanai ârpus telpâm nepiecieðama atïauja no Elektronisko sakaru
direkcijas. Vairâk informâcijas: http://www.esd.lv.
Notes:
1. Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive
1999/5/EC has also been implemented in those countries.
2. The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of
a device can be calculated by adding the gain of the antenna used(specified in dBi) to the output
power available at the connector (specified in dBm).
Index
NBG4104 User’s Guide 241
Index
A
ActiveX 118
Address Assignment 70
Advanced Encryption Standard
See AES.
AES 221
alternative subnet mask notation 177
antenna
directional 225
gain 225
omni-directional 225
AP 17
AP (access point) 215
AP Mode
menu 42
status screen 40
AP+Bridge 17
B
Bandwidth management
overview 130
Basic Service Set, See BSS 213
Bridge/Repeater 17
BSS 213
C
CA 220
Certificate Authority
See CA.
certifications 231
notices 233
viewing 233
Channel 34, 41
channel 56, 215
interference 215
Configuration
restore 148
content filtering 117
by keyword (in URL) 117
Cookies 118
copyright 231
CPU usage 34, 41
CTS (Clear to Send) 216
D
DDNS 95
see also Dynamic DNS
service providers 96
DHCP 26, 85
DHCP server
see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP server 82, 85
DHCP table 27
DHCP client information
DHCP status
Dimensions 159
disclaimer 231
DNS 87
DNS Server 70
DNS server 87
Domain Name System 87
Domain Name System. See DNS.
duplex setting 35, 41
Dynamic DNS 95
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 85
dynamic WEP key exchange 220
DynDNS 96
DynDNS see also DDNS 96
DynDNS Wildcard 95
NBG4104 User’s Guide242
Index
E
EAP Authentication 219
encryption 57, 221
and local (user) database 58
key 58
WPA compatible 58
ESS 214
ESSID 155
Extended Service Set, See ESS 214
F
FCC interference statement 231
Firewall 112
Firewall overview
guidelines 112
network security
Stateful inspection 112
ZyXEL device firewall 112
firewall
stateful inspection 111
Firmware upload 146
file extension
using HTTP
firmware version 34, 40
fragmentation threshold 216
G
General wireless LAN screen 58
Guest WLAN 59
H
hidden node 215
I
IANA 182
IBSS 213
IEEE 802.11g 217
IGMP 71
see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol
version
IGMP version 71
Independent Basic Service Set
See IBSS 213
initialization vector (IV) 222
Interface Group 107
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
See IANA 182
Internet Group Multicast Protocol 71
IP Address 83, 84, 92
IP alias 82
IP Pool 86
J
Java 118
L
LAN 81
IP pool setup 82
LAN overview 81
LAN setup 81
LAN TCP/IP 82
Language 148
Link type 34, 41
local (user) database 57
and encryption 58
Local Area Network 81
M
MAC 62
MAC address 56, 70
cloning 70
MAC address filter 56
MAC address filtering 62
Index
NBG4104 User’s Guide 243
MAC filter 62
managing the device
good habits 17
using the web configurator. See web configurator.
using the WPS. See WPS.
MBSSID 17
Media access control 62
Memory usage 34, 41
Message Integrity Check (MIC) 221
mode 17
Multicast 71
IGMP 71
N
NAT 89, 92, 182
global 90
how it works 91
inside 90
local 90
outside 90
overview 89
see also Network Address Translation
server 91
NAT Traversal 136
Navigation Panel 35, 42
navigation panel 35, 42
Network Address Translation 89, 92
O
Operating Channel 34, 41
operating mode 17
P
Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 222, 223
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 75
Pool Size 86
port speed 35, 41
Power Specification 159
PPPoE 75
dial-up connection
preamble mode 217
product registration 234
PSK 222
Q
Quality of Service (QoS) 65
R
RADIUS 218
message types 219
messages 219
shared secret key 219
RADIUS server 57
registration
product 234
related documentation 3
Remote management
and NAT 121
limitations 121
Reset button 23
Reset the device 23
Restore configuration 148
RF (Radio Frequency) 160
Roaming 63
Router Mode
status screen 33
RTS (Request To Send) 216
threshold 215, 216
RTS/CTS Threshold 55, 63, 64
S
safety warnings 6
Scheduling 67
Service and port numbers 115, 135
Service Set 59
Service Set IDentification 59
Service Set IDentity. See SSID.
NBG4104 User’s Guide244
Index
SSID 34, 41, 56, 59
stateful inspection firewall 111
Static DHCP 87
Static Route 97
Status 33
subnet 175
Subnet Mask 83, 84
subnet mask 176
subnetting 178
Summary
DHCP table 26
Packet statistics 28
Wireless station status 28
syntax conventions 4
System General Setup 143
System restart 148
T
TCP/IP configuration 85
Temperature 159
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 221
Time setting 145
U
Universal Plug and Play 136
Application 136
Security issues 136
UPnP 136
URL Keyword Blocking 119
user authentication 57
local (user) database 57
RADIUS server 57
User Name 96
V
VLAN operation 101
W
WAN (Wide Area Network) 69
WAN advanced 79
WAN MAC address 70
warranty 233
note 233
Web Configurator
how to access 21
Overview 21
web configurator 17
Web Proxy 118
WEP Encryption 61, 62
WEP encryption 60
WEP key 60
Wi-Fi Protected Access 221
Wildcard 95
Wireless association list 28
wireless channel 155
wireless client WPA supplicants 222
wireless LAN 155
wireless LAN scheduling 67
Wireless network
basic guidelines 55
channel 56
encryption 57
example 55
MAC address filter 56
overview 55
security 56
SSID 56
Wireless security 56
overview 56
type 56
wireless security 155, 217
Wireless tutorial 45
WLAN
interference 215
security parameters 224
WPA 221
key caching 222
pre-authentication 222
user authentication 222
vs WPA-PSK 222
wireless client supplicant 222
with RADIUS application example 223
NBG4104 User’s Guide246
Index