ZyXEL Communications NVG2053 Wireless N Gigabit VoIP Gateway User Manual ZyBook2

ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless N Gigabit VoIP Gateway ZyBook2

Contents

User's manual-2

NVG2053 User’s Guide 201CHAPTER 19Management19.1 OverviewThis chapter explains how to configure TR-069 and remote management on the NVG2053.19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter•Use the TR-069 screen (Section 19.5 on page 204) to configure the NVG2053’s TR-069 auto-configuration settings.•Use the WWW screen (Section 19.5 on page 204) to configure the NVG2053’s HTTP management settings. •Use the Telnet screen (Section 19.5 on page 204) to specify which interfaces allow Telnet access and from which IP address the access can come.•Use the ICMP screen (Section 19.6 on page 205) to specify which of the NVG2053’s interfaces will respond to Ping requests.19.2 What You Need To KnowFirewall RulesWhen you configure remote management to allow management from any network except the LAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. See Chapter 13 on page 251 for details on configuring firewall rules.You can also disable a service on the NVG2053 by not allowing access for the service/protocol through any of the NVG2053 interfaces.Remote Management SessionsYou may only have one remote management session running at a time. The NVG2053 automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the different types of remote management sessions are as follows.
Chapter 19 ManagementNVG2053 User’s Guide2021Telnet2HTTPRemote Management LimitationsRemote management does not work when:1You have not enabled that service on the interface in the corresponding remote management screen.2You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.3The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the NVG2053 will disconnect the session immediately.4There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at one time.5There is a firewall rule that blocks it.System TimeoutThere is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The NVG2053 automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout period in the Maintenance > General screen.19.3 The TR-069 ScreenTR-069 defines how Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), for example your NVG2053, can be managed over the WAN by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS). TR-069 is based on sending Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) between an ACS and a client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format over HTTP or HTTPS. An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the NVG2053, modify settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the NVG2053. You have to enable the device to be managed by the ACS and specify the ACS IP address or domain name and username and password.
Chapter 19 ManagementNVG2053 User’s Guide 203Click Configuration > Management > TR-069 to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure your NVG2053 to be managed by an ACS. Figure 87 Management > TR-069 The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 69 Management > TR-069LABEL DESCRIPTIONTR069 Select Enable to activate remote management via TR-069 on the WAN. Otherwise, select Disable.ACS URL Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server.ACS Username Enter the TR-069 user name for authentication with the auto-configuration server.ACS Password Enter the TR-069 password for authentication with the auto-configuration server.Connection Request UsernameEnter the connection request user name.When the ACS makes a connection request to the NVG2053, this user name is used to authenticate the ACS.Connection Request PasswordEnter the connection request password.When the ACS makes a connection request to the NVG2053, this password is used to authenticate the ACS.Periodic Inform IntervalThe NVG2053 can initiate a connection to the ACS using the pre-configured address at any time.Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the NVG2053 sends information to the auto-configuration server.“0” means the NVG2053 will not establish periodic communication with the ACS.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NVG2053.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 19 ManagementNVG2053 User’s Guide20419.4 The WWW ScreenUse this screen to configure the NVG2053’s HTTP management settings.Note: If you disable the HTTP service in the WWW screen, then the NVG2053 blocks all HTTP connection attempts.Click Management > Remote MGMT > WWW to open the following screen. Figure 88 Remote MGMT > WWW The following table describes the fields in this screen. 19.5 The Telnet ScreenUse this screen to specify which interfaces allow Telnet access and from which IP address the access can come.Table 70 Remote MGMT > WWWLABEL DESCRIPTIONPort You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NVG2053 using this service.Secured Client IP AddressA secure client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the NVG2053 using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the NVG2053 using this service.Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the NVG2053 using this service.Apply Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the NVG2053.Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.
Chapter 19 ManagementNVG2053 User’s Guide 205Click Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet to open the following screen. Figure 89 Remote MGMT > Telnet The following table describes the fields in this screen. 19.6 The ICMP ScreenUse this screen to help keep the NVG2053 hidden from probing attempts. You can specify which of the NVG2053’s interfaces will respond to Ping requests.Click Management > Remote MGMT > ICMP to open the following screen. Figure 90 Remote MGMT > ICMP Table 71 Remote MGMT > TelnetLABEL DESCRIPTIONPort You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NVG2053 using this service.Secured Client IP AddressA secure client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the NVG2053 using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the NVG2053 using this service.Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the NVG2053 using this service.Apply Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the NVG2053.Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.
Chapter 19 ManagementNVG2053 User’s Guide206The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 72 Remote MGMT > ICMPLABEL DESCRIPTIONRespond to Ping onSelect the interface(s) that you want to reply to incoming Ping requests.Select Disable to have the NVG2053 not respond to any Ping requests that come into an interface.Apply Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the NVG2053.Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.
NVG2053 User’s Guide 207CHAPTER 20Maintenance20.1 OverviewThis chapter provides information on the Maintenance > General screen. 20.2 What You Can DoUse the General screen (Section 20.3 on page 207) to enter a name to identify the NVG2053 in the network, and configure your device’s domain name and management inactivity timeout.20.3 General Screen Use this screen to enter a name to identify the NVG2053 in the network and set the management inactivity timeout. Click Maintenance > General. The following screen displays.Figure 91 Maintenance > General The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 73 Maintenance > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONSystem Name System Name is a unique name to identify the NVG2053 in an Ethernet network.Domain Name Enter the domain name you want to give to the NVG2053.
Chapter 20 MaintenanceNVG2053 User’s Guide208Administrator Inactivity TimerType how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NVG2053.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 73 Maintenance > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTION
NVG2053 User’s Guide 209CHAPTER 21Password21.1 OverviewThis chapter contains information about configuring the Maintenance > Password screen.21.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the Password screen (Section 21.2 on page 209) to configure the system password.21.2 Password ScreenUse the Password screen to change your NVG2053’s password (recommended). Click Maintenance > Password.Figure 92 Maintenance > Password The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 74 Maintenance > PasswordLABEL DESCRIPTIONOld Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field.New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type.Retype to Confirm Type the new password again in this field.
Chapter 21 PasswordNVG2053 User’s Guide210Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NVG2053.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 74 Maintenance > PasswordLABEL DESCRIPTION
NVG2053 User’s Guide 211CHAPTER 22Time22.1 OverviewThis chapter provides information on the Time screen.22.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the Time Setting screen (Section 22.2 on page 212) to change your NVG2053’s time and date.
Chapter 22 TimeNVG2053 User’s Guide21222.2 Time Setting ScreenUse this screen to configure the NVG2053’s time based on your local time zone. To change your NVG2053’s time and date, click Maintenance > Time. The screen appears as shown. Figure 93 Maintenance > Time he following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 75 Maintenance > TimeLABEL DESCRIPTIONCurrent Time and DateCurrent Time This field displays the time of your NVG2053.Current Date This field displays the date of your NVG2053. Time and Date SetupManual Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it.New Time(hh:mm:ss)This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually.When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply.
Chapter 22 TimeNVG2053 User’s Guide 213New Date (yyyy/mm/dd)This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually.When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply.Get from Time ServerSelect this radio button to have the NVG2053 get the time and date from the time server you specified below.Auto Select Auto to have the NVG2053 automatically search for an available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply.User Defined Time Server AddressSelect User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.Time Zone SetupTime Zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Daylight Savings Daylight saving is a period from late spring to fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the first Sunday of April. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select First,Sunday,April and type 2 in the o'clock field.Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last,Sunday,March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Table 75 Maintenance > TimeLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 22 TimeNVG2053 User’s Guide214End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Last,Sunday,October and type 2 in the o'clock field.Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last,Sunday,October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NVG2053.Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 75 Maintenance > TimeLABEL DESCRIPTION
NVG2053 User’s Guide 215CHAPTER 23Firmware Upgrade23.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware.23.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the Firmware Upgrade screen (Section 23.2 on page 215) to upload firmware to your NVG2053.23.2 Firmware Upgrade ScreenFind firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a “*.bin” extension, e.g., “NVG2053.bin”. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NVG2053. Figure 94 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
Chapter 23 Firmware UpgradeNVG2053 User’s Guide216The following table describes the labels in this screen.Note: Do not turn off the NVG2053 while firmware upload is in progress!After you see the Firmware Upgrade is proceeding screen, wait six minutes before logging into the NVG2053 again.The NVG2053 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 95 Network Temporarily DisconnectedAfter six minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Statusscreen.If the upload was not successful, an error message appears. Click OK to go back to the Firmware screen.Table 76 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade LABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.Browse... Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
NVG2053 User’s Guide 217CHAPTER 24Backup/Restore24.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to backup, restore and reset your NVG2053.Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NVG2053’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NVG2053 is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your NVG2053.24.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the Backup/Restore screen (Section 24.2 on page 218) to view information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration.
Chapter 24 Backup/RestoreNVG2053 User’s Guide21824.2 Backup/Restore ScreenClick Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.Figure 96 Maintenance > Backup/Restore The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 77 Maintenance > Backup/RestoreLABEL DESCRIPTIONBackup Click Backup to save the NVG2053’s current configuration to your computer.File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.Browse... Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Chapter 24 Backup/RestoreNVG2053 User’s Guide 219Note: If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NVG2053 IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix B on page 247 for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process.Note: Do not turn off the NVG2053 while configuration file upload is in progress.After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the NVG2053 again. The NVG2053 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect.If you see an error screen, click OK to return to the Backup/Restorescreen.Reset Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the NVG2053 to its factory defaults.You can also press the RESET button on the side panel to reset the factory defaults of your NVG2053. Refer to the chapter about introducing the Web Configurator for more information on the RESET button.Table 77 Maintenance > Backup/RestoreLABEL DESCRIPTION
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NVG2053 User’s Guide 221CHAPTER 25Language25.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to change the Web Configurator’s display language.25.2 What You Can DoUse the Language screen (Section 25.3 on page 221) to change the language for the Web Configurator display.25.3 The Language ScreenSelect the language you prefer and click Apply. The Web Configurator language changes after a while without restarting the NVG2053. Click Maintenance > Language.At the time of writing, the NVG2053 supports English only.Figure 97 Language
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NVG2053 User’s Guide 223CHAPTER 26Restart26.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to restart your NVG2053.26.2 What You Can DoUse the Restart screen (Section 26.3 on page 223) to reboot the NVG2053 without turning the power off.26.3 The Restart ScreenSystem restart allows you to reboot the NVG2053 without turning the power off.Click Maintenance > Restart to open the following screen.Figure 98 Maintenance > RestartClick Restart to have the NVG2053 reboot. This does not affect the NVG2053's configuration.
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NVG2053 User’s Guide 225CHAPTER 27TroubleshootingThis chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. •Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs•NVG2053 Access and Login•Internet Access•Resetting the NVG2053 to Its Factory Defaults•Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting27.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDsThe NVG2053 does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.1Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NVG2053.2Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NVG2053 and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.3Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NVG2053.4If the problem continues, contact the vendor.One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on page 24.2Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
Chapter 27 TroubleshootingNVG2053 User’s Guide2263Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.4Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NVG2053. 5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.27.2 NVG2053 Access and LoginI don’t know the IP address of my NVG2053.1The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NVG2053 by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd,and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the NVG2053 (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser. 3Reset your NVG2053 to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings are lost. See Section 27.4 on page 229 in the Troubleshootingfor information on resetting your NVG2053. I forgot the password.1The default password is 1234.2If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 27.4 on page 229.I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator.1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
Chapter 27 TroubleshootingNVG2053 User’s Guide 227• If you changed the IP address (Section 9.4 on page 123), use the new IP address.• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I don’t know the IP address of my NVG2053.2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix A on page 235.4Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NVG2053. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the NVG2053, skip this step.)• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Section 10.3 on page 126.• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same subnet as the NVG2053. See Appendix C on page 263.5Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NVG2053 with the default IP address. See Section 24.2 on page 218.6If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced Suggestion• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NVG2053.1Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after 5 minutes (default).3Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NVG2053. 4If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 27.4 on page 229.
Chapter 27 TroubleshootingNVG2053 User’s Guide22827.3 Internet AccessI cannot access the Internet.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide.2Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard or Broadband screen. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.3If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the NVG2053.4Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 5If the problem continues, contact your ISP.I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NVG2053), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 24.2Reboot the NVG2053.3If the problem continues, contact your ISP. The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.1There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.5 on page 24. If the NVG2053 is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
Chapter 27 TroubleshootingNVG2053 User’s Guide 2292Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NVG2053 closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).3Reboot the NVG2053.4If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced Suggestions• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications.27.4 Resetting the NVG2053 to Its Factory Defaults If you reset the NVG2053, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NVG2053 re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again.You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button.To reset the NVG2053,1Make sure the power LED is on.2Press the RESET button for longer than 10 seconds to set the NVG2053 back to its factory-default configurations.If the NVG2053 restarts automatically, wait for the NVG2053 to finish restarting, and log in to the Web Configurator. The password is “1234”.If the NVG2053 does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NVG2053’s power. Then, follow the directions above again.
Chapter 27 TroubleshootingNVG2053 User’s Guide23027.5 Wireless Router/AP TroubleshootingI cannot access the NVG2053 or ping any computer from the WLAN.1Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NVG20532Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.3Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NVG2053.4Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the NVG2053.5Check that both the NVG2053 and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless security settings.6Make sure you allow the NVG2053 to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your remote management settings.• See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the User’s Guide for more information.
NVG2053 User’s Guide 231CHAPTER 28Product SpecificationsThe following tables summarize the NVG2053’s hardware and firmware features.Table 78 Hardware FeaturesDevice Dimensions (W x D x H) 220 mm x 145 mm x 40 mmDevice Weight 395 gPower Specification Input: 100~240 V AC, 50~60 HzOutput: 12 V DC 1.5AEthernet ports Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode.Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables.4-Port Switch A combination of switch and router makes your NVG2053 a cost-effective and viable network solution. You can add up to four computers to the NVG2053 without the cost of a hub when connecting to the Internet through the WAN port. You can add up to five computers to the NVG2053 when you connect to the Internet in AP mode. Add more than four computers to your LAN by using a hub.Reset Button The reset button is built into the side panel. Use this button to restore the NVG2053 to its factory default settings. Press for 10 seconds to restore to factory default settings.WPS button Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds for a security-enabled wireless connection.Wireless Switch Turn on or turn off the wireless function of the NVG2053 using this switch. There is no need to go into the Web Configurator. Antenna The NVG2053 is equipped with two 2dBi (2.4GHz) detachable antennas to provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network. Operation EnvironmentTemperature: 0º C ~ 40º C / 32ºF ~ 104ºFHumidity: 20% ~ 90% Storage Environment Temperature: -30º C ~ 70º C / -22ºF ~ 158ºFHumidity: 20% ~ 95%
Chapter 28 Product SpecificationsNVG2053 User’s Guide232Table 79 Firmware FeaturesFEATURE DESCRIPTIONDefault IP Address 192.168.1.1 Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)Default Password 1234DHCP Pool 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64Wireless Interface Wireless LANDefault Wireless SSID ZyXELDefault Wireless DHCP Pool SizeWireless LAN: Same as LAN (32 from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64)Device Management Use the Web Configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the NVG2053.Wireless Functionality Allows IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n wireless clients to connect to the NVG2053 wirelessly. Enable wireless security ( WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Note: The NVG2053 may be prone to RF (Radio Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs.Firmware Upgrade Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the Web Configurator to put it on the NVG2053.Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!Configuration Backup & RestorationMake a copy of the NVG2053’s configuration and put it back on the NVG2053 later if you decide you want to revert back to an earlier configuration.Network Address Translation (NAT)Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network.Firewall You can configure firewall on the NVG2053 for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example.Remote Management This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or Telnet traffic for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the NVG2053.Wireless LAN Scheduler You can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/disabled.Time and Date Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your NVG2053. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.
Chapter 28 Product SpecificationsNVG2053 User’s Guide 233Port Forwarding If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, then use this feature to let people access it from the Internet.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)Use this feature to have the NVG2053 assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network.Dynamic DNS Support With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.QoS (Quality of Service) You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers.IP Multicast IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The NVG2053 supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236).Logging Use logs for troubleshooting. You can view logs in the Web Configurator.PPPoE PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection.Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)The NVG2053 can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a network. Voice over IP (VoIP) You can configure the NVG2053 to use your SIP account(s) to make or receive phone calls over the Internet and your regular phone line. You can also configure speed-dial entries for frequently-used (VoIP) phone numbers.3G You can attach a 3G wireless adapter to the NVG2053’s USB port and set the NVG2053 to use this 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connection fails.Table 79 Firmware FeaturesFEATURE DESCRIPTION
Chapter 28 Product SpecificationsNVG2053 User’s Guide234
NVG2053 User’s Guide 235APPENDIX A Pop-up Windows, JavaScriptsand Java PermissionsIn order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.• JavaScripts (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default).Note: The screens used below belong to Internet Explorer version 6, 7 and 8. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.Internet Explorer Pop-up BlockersYou may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.Disable Pop-up Blockers1In Internet Explorer, select Tools,Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.Figure 99 Pop-up BlockerYou can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide2361In Internet Explorer, select Tools,Internet Options,Privacy.2Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 100 Internet Options: Privacy3Click Apply to save this setting.Enable Pop-up Blockers with ExceptionsAlternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.1In Internet Explorer, select Tools,Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide 2372Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.Figure 101 Internet Options: Privacy3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide2384Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.Figure 102 Pop-up Blocker Settings5Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScriptsIf pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed.
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide 2391In Internet Explorer, click Tools,Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 103 Internet Options: Security 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Scripting.4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide2406Click OK to close the window.Figure 104 Security Settings - Java ScriptingJava Permissions1From Internet Explorer, click Tools,Internet Options and then the Securitytab. 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Microsoft VM.4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide 2415Click OK to close the window.Figure 105 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun)1From Internet Explorer, click Tools,Internet Options and then the Advancedtab. 2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide2423Click OK to close the window.Figure 106 Java (Sun)Mozilla FirefoxMozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. The steps below apply to Mozilla Firefox 3.0 as well.You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears.Figure 107 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide 243Click Content to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.Figure 108 Mozilla Firefox Content SecurityOperaOpera 10 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly.
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide244Allowing Pop-UpsFrom Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the General tab, go to Choose how you prefer to handle pop-ups and select Open all pop-ups.Figure 109 Opera: Allowing Pop-Ups
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide 245Enabling JavaFrom Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the Advanced tab, select Content from the left-side menu. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.Figure 110 Opera: Enabling JavaTo customize JavaScript behavior in the Opera browser, click JavaScript Options.Figure 111 Opera: JavaScript OptionsSelect the items you want Opera’s JavaScript to apply.
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsNVG2053 User’s Guide246
NVG2053 User’s Guide 247APPENDIX B Setting Up Your Computer’s IPAddressNote: Your specific NVG2053 may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported.This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer. If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network’s computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:•Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 248•Windows Vista on page 251•Windows 7 on page 255•Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 259•Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 262•Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 265•Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 270
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide248Windows XP/NT/2000The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT.1Click Start >Control Panel.2In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 2493Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.4On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2505The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.6Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address,Subnet mask,and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.7Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.8Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.Verifying Settings1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 251Windows VistaThis section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.1Click Start > Control Panel.2In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.3Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2524Click Manage network connections.5Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 2536Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2547The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.8Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address,Subnet mask,and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced.9Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 255Verifying Settings1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.Windows 7This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise.1Click Start > Control Panel.2In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet category.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2563Click Change adapter settings.4Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 2575Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2586The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.7Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address,Subnet mask,and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS. 8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.9Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 259Verifying Settings1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. 3The IP settings are displayed as follows.Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.1Click Apple > System Preferences.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2602In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 2614For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4list in the TCP/IP tab.5For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.•In the IP Address field, type your IP address.•In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.•In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.6Click Apply Now and close the window.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide262Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Infotab.Figure 112 Mac OS X 10.4: Network UtilityMac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6.1Click Apple > System Preferences.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 2632In System Preferences, click the Network icon.3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types.4From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2645For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure list, select Manually.•In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.•In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.•In the Router field, enter the IP address of your NVG2053.6Click Apply and close the window.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 265Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Infotab.Figure 113 Mac OS X 10.5: Network UtilityLinux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide266Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME: 1Click System > Administration > Network.2When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 2673In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button.4In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2685The Properties dialog box opens.•In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.•In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields. 6Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen. 7If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. 8Click the Close button to apply the changes.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 269Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devicestab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly.Figure 114 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide270Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:1Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).2When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 2713When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon.4When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide2725When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tabFigure 115 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup6Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,Subnet mask, and Hostname fields.7Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide 2738If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.9Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.Verifying SettingsClick the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information.Figure 116 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP AddressNVG2053 User’s Guide274When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly.Figure 117 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager
NVG2053 User’s Guide 275APPENDIX C Wireless LANsWireless LAN TopologiesThis section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.Ad-hoc Wireless LAN ConfigurationThe simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 118 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc NetworkBSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide276with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.Figure 119 Basic Service SetESSAn Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide 277An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.Figure 120 Infrastructure WLANChannelA channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.RTS/CTSA hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide278hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. Figure 121 RTS/CTSWhen station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide 279Fragmentation ThresholdAFragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.Preamble TypePreamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications.Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the NVG2053 uses long preamble.Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.IEEE 802.11g Wireless LANIEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide280several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:Wireless Security OverviewWireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network.Wireless security methods available on the NVG2053 are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the NVG2053 identity.The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your NVG2053.Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NVG2053 and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. Table 80 IEEE 802.11gDATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Table 81 Wireless Security LevelsSECURITYLEVEL SECURITY TYPELeast SecureMost SecureUnique SSID (Default)Unique SSID with Hide SSID EnabledMAC Address FilteringWEP EncryptionIEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server AuthenticationWi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)WPA2
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide 281IEEE 802.1xIn June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:• User based identification that allows for roaming.• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. • Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients. RADIUSRADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:• Authentication Determines the identity of the users.• AuthorizationDetermines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.•AccountingKeeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS MessagesThe following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:• Access-RequestSent by an access point requesting authentication.• Access-RejectSent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.• Access-AcceptSent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide282• Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:•Accounting-RequestSent by the access point requesting accounting.• Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. .For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text.
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide 283However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP)Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.LEAPLEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide284Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeThe AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled.Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeFor added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.WPA and WPA2Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication.If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. Table 82 Comparison of EAP Authentication TypesEAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAPMutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes YesCertificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional NoCertificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes NoDynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes YesCredential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong ModerateDeployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate ModerateClient Identity ProtectionNo No Yes Yes No
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide 285If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.EncryptionWPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but offers stronger encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP).TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide286keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again.Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.Wireless Client WPA SupplicantsA wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleTo set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly.3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client.
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide 2874The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.Figure 122 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleWPA(2)-PSK Application ExampleA WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches.3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide2884The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them.Figure 123 WPA(2)-PSK AuthenticationSecurity Parameters SummaryRefer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.Table 83 Wireless Security Relational MatrixAUTHENTICATIONMETHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENTPROTOCOLENCRYPTION METHODENTERMANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1XOpen None No DisableEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyOpen WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableShared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableWPA TKIP/AES No EnableWPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes DisableWPA2 TKIP/AES No EnableWPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide 289Antenna OverviewAn antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna CharacteristicsFrequencyAn antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LANRadiation PatternA radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area. Antenna GainAntenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLANThere are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.
Appendix C Wireless LANsNVG2053 User’s Guide290• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. • Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.Positioning AntennasIn general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
NVG2053 User’s Guide 291APPENDIX D Legal InformationCopyrightCopyright © 2011 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.DisclaimerZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.Your use of the NVG2053 is subject to the terms and conditions of any related service providers.CertificationsFederal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference StatementThe device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:• This device may not cause harmful interference.• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
Appendix D Legal InformationNVG2053 User’s Guide292provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Radiation Exposure Statement• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. • To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. Industry Canada Statement This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1) this device may not cause interference and2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the deviceThis device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 2dBi.Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
Appendix D Legal InformationNVG2053 User’s Guide 293To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful communication.IMPORTANT NOTEDevice for the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor usage to reduce potential for harmful interference to co-channel mobile satellite systems; users should also be cautioned to take note that high-power radars are allocated as primary users (meaning they have priority) of the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5650-5850 MHz and these radars could cause interference and/or damage to LE-LAN devices.IC Radiation Exposure Statement:This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.注意 !依據 低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。 本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。 減少電磁波影響，請妥適使用。NoticesChanges or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Appendix D Legal InformationNVG2053 User’s Guide294Viewing Certifications1Go to http://www.zyxel.com.2Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.3Select the certification you wish to view from this page.ZyXEL Limited WarrantyZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.NoteRepair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.RegistrationRegister your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
NVG2053 User’s Guide 295APPENDIX E Open Software AnnouncementsEnd-User License Agreement for "NVG2053"WARNING: ZyXEL Communications Corp. IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS AS INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE WILL INDICATE YOUR ASSENT TO THEM. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, THEN ZyXEL IS UNWILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE TO YOU, IN WHICH EVENT YOU SHOULD RETURN THE UNINSTALLED SOFTWARE AND PACKAGING TO THE PLACE FROM WHICH IT WAS ACQUIRED OR ZyXEL, AND YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. HOWEVER, CERTAIN ZYXEL'S PRODUCTS MAY CONTAIN-IN PART-SOME THIRD PARTY'S FREE AND OPEN SOFTWARE PROGRAMS WHICH ALLOW YOU TO FREELY COPY, RUN, DISTRIBUTE, MODIFY AND IMPROVE THE SOFTWARE UNDER THE APPLICABLE TERMS OF SUCH THRID PARTY'S LICENSES ("OPEN-SOURCED COMPONENTS"). THE OPEN-SOURCED COMPONENTS ARE LISTED IN THE NOTICE OR APPENDIX BELOW. ZYXEL MAY HAVE DISTRIBUTED TO YOU HARDWARE AND/OR SOFTWARE, OR MADE AVAILABLE FOR ELECTRONIC DOWNLOADS THESE FREE SOFTWARE PROGRAMS OF THRID PARTIES AND YOU ARE LICENSED TO FREELY COPY, MODIFY AND REDISTIBUTE THAT SOFTWARE UNDER THE APPLICABLE LICENSE TERMS OF SUCH THIRD PARTY. NONE OF THE STATEMENTS OR DOCUMENTATION FROM ZYXEL INCLUDING ANY RESTRICTIONS OR CONDITIONS STATED IN THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT SHALL RESTRICT ANY RIGHTS AND LICENSES YOU MAY HAVE WITH RESPECT TO THE OPEN-SOURCED COMPONENTS UNDER THE APPLICABLE LICENSE TERMS OF SUCH THIRD PARTY.1Grant of License for Personal Use
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide296ZyXEL Communications Corp. ("ZyXEL") grants you a non-exclusive, non-sublicense, non-transferable license to use the program with which this license is distributed (the "Software"), including any documentation files accompanying the Software ("Documentation"), for internal business use only, for up to the number of users specified in sales order and invoice. You have the right to make one backup copy of the Software and Documentation solely for archival, back-up or disaster recovery purposes. You shall not exceed the scope of the license granted hereunder. Any rights not expressly granted by ZyXEL to you are reserved by ZyXEL, and all implied licenses are disclaimed.2OwnershipYou have no ownership rights in the Software. Rather, you have a license to use the Software as long as this License Agreement remains in full force and effect. Ownership of the Software, Documentation and all intellectual property rights therein shall remain at all times with ZyXEL. Any other use of the Software by any other entity is strictly forbidden and is a violation of this License Agreement.3CopyrightThe Software and Documentation contain material that is protected by international copyright law, trade secret law, international treaty provisions, and the applicable national laws of each respective country. All rights not granted to you herein are expressly reserved by ZyXEL. You may not remove any proprietary notice of ZyXEL or any of its licensors from any copy of the Software or Documentation.4RestrictionsYou may not publish, display, disclose, sell, rent, lease, modify, store, loan, distribute, or create derivative works of the Software, or any part thereof. You may not assign, sublicense, convey or otherwise transfer, pledge as security or otherwise encumber the rights and licenses granted hereunder with respect to the Software. ZyXEL is not obligated to provide any maintenance, technical or other support for the resultant modified Software. You may not copy, reverse engineer, decompile, reverse compile, translate, adapt, or disassemble the Software, or any part thereof, nor shall you attempt to create the source code from the object code for the Software. Except as and only to the extent expressly permitted in this License, you may not market, co-brand, and private label or otherwise permit third parties to link to the Software, or any part thereof. You may not use the Software, or any part thereof, in the operation of a service bureau or for the benefit of any other person or entity. You may not cause, assist or permit any third party to do any of the foregoing. Portions of the Software utilize or include third party software and other copyright material. Acknowledgements, licensing terms and disclaimers for such material are contained in the License Notice as below for the third party software, and your use of such material is exclusively governed by their respective terms. ZyXEL has provided, as part of the Software
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 297package, access to certain third party software as a convenience. To the extent that the Software contains third party software, ZyXEL has no express or implied obligation to provide any technical or other support for such software other than compliance with the applicable license terms of such third party, and makes no warranty (express, implied or statutory) whatsoever with respect thereto. Please contact the appropriate software vendor or manufacturer directly for technical support and customer service related to its software and products. 5ConfidentialityYou acknowledge that the Software contains proprietary trade secrets of ZyXEL and you hereby agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Software using at least as great a degree of care as you use to maintain the confidentiality of your own most confidential information. You agree to reasonably communicate the terms and conditions of this License Agreement to those persons employed by you who come into contact with the Software, and to use reasonable best efforts to ensure their compliance with such terms and conditions, including, without limitation, not knowingly permitting such persons to use any portion of the Software for the purpose of deriving the source code of the Software.6No WarrantyTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS." TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ZyXEL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. ZyXEL DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET ANY REQUIREMENTS OR NEEDS YOU MAY HAVE, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL OPERATE ERROR FREE, OR IN AN UNINTERUPTED FASHION, OR THAT ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS IN THE SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE IS COMPATIBLE WITH ANY PARTICULAR PLATFORM. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE WAIVER OR EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES SO THEY MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IF THIS EXCLUSION IS HELD TO BE UNENFORCEABLE BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, THEN ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TO A PERIOD OF THIRTY (30) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE OF THE SOFTWARE, AND NO WARRANTIES SHALL APPLY AFTER THAT PERIOD.7Limitation of LiabilityIN NO EVENT WILL ZyXEL BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE OR PROGRAM, OR FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY, EVEN IF ZyXEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ZyXEL's
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide298TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE EQUAL TO THE PURCHASE PRICE, BUT SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED THE PRODUCT'S PRICE. BECAUSE SOME STATES/COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.8Export RestrictionsTHIS LICENSE AGREEMENT IS EXPRESSLY MADE SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE EXPORT OF THE SOFTWARE OR INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH SOFTWARE WHICH MAY BE IMPOSED FROM TIME TO TIME. YOU SHALL NOT EXPORT THE SOFTWARE, DOCUMENTATION OR INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH SUCH LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS. YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY ZyXEL AGAINST ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, DAMAGES, LIABILITIES, COSTS AND EXPENSES, INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES, TO THE EXTENT SUCH CLAIMS ARISE OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS SECTION 8.9Audit RightsZyXEL SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT, AT ITS OWN EXPENSE, UPON REASONABLE PRIOR NOTICE, TO PERIODICALLY INSPECT AND AUDIT YOUR RECORDS TO ENSURE YOUR COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT.10 TerminationThis License Agreement is effective until it is terminated. You may terminate this License Agreement at any time by destroying or returning to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession or under your control. ZyXEL may terminate this License Agreement for any reason, including, but not limited to, if ZyXEL finds that you have violated any of the terms of this License Agreement. Upon notification of termination, you agree to destroy or return to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation and to certify in writing that all known copies, including backup copies, have been destroyed. All provisions relating to confidentiality, proprietary rights, and non-disclosure shall survive the termination of this Software License Agreement.11 GeneralThis License Agreement shall be construed, interpreted and governed by the laws of Republic of China without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof. The exclusive forum for any disputes arising out of or relating to this License Agreement shall be an appropriate court or Commercial Arbitration Association
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 299sitting in ROC, Taiwan if the parties agree to a binding arbitration. This License Agreement shall constitute the entire Agreement between the parties hereto. This License Agreement, the rights granted hereunder, the Software and Documentation shall not be assigned by you without the prior written consent of ZyXEL. Any waiver or modification of this License Agreement shall only be effective if it is in writing and signed by both parties hereto. If any part of this License Agreement is found invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this License Agreement shall be interpreted so as to reasonably effect the intention of the parties.Note: Some components of this product incorporate free software programs covered under the open source code licenses which allows you to freely copy, modify and redistribute the software. For at least three (3) years from the date of distribution of the applicable product or software, we will give to anyone who contacts us at the ZyXEL Technical Support (support@zyxel.com.tw), for a charge of no more than our cost of physically performing source code distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the complete corresponding source code for the version of the Programs that we distributed to you if we are in possession of such.Notice Information herein is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, except the express written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.This Product includes alsa, aodv-uu, binutils , br2684ctl, busybox, comgt, conntrack-tools, cyclesoak, PJSIP, hostapd, iptables, libtool, net-tools, ntfs-3g, ntpclient, ppp, wireless-tools and usbutils software under GPL 2.0 license.GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSEVersion 2, June 1991Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USAEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.PreambleThe licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide300Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 301another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide302collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus thescripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 303based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide304version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.NO WARRANTY11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONSAll other trademarks or trade names mentioned herein, if any, are the property of their respective owners.This Product includes appweb software under below license.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 305Appweb Licensing OverviewThis page helps explain what are the requirements of the Appweb Open Source License.This page is a guide only, please consult the actual license for the governing terms. If you have questions, please read the licensing FAQ or contact us at: licensing@embedthis.comOpen Source LicenseAppweb is provided under the GNU open source license which is governed by the provisions of the GPL license. If you are licensing your software or product under the GPL, or if you are a non-profit or educational institution, the GPL license should be able to meet your needs.If you are a commercial entity and do not want to use the GPL for your product, the GPL license may be used for evaluation purposes within your company. For other commercial uses, we recommend a Commercial License. If you require a commercial license or commercial support for Appweb, see Commercial License below or consult Embedthis Software.When to Use the GPLThe Appweb GPL license is ideal for internal use, evaluation and some cases of stand-alone use. If your software is 100% GPL or is licensed under an acceptable Open Source License that is OSI approved and GPL compatible, you may use Appweb and embed them in your applications or devices. You do not need any other agreement or license - the GPL is all you need.Obligations of the GPLIf you use the Appweb open source license, you abide by all the provisions of the GPL. These include (among other provisions) that if you redistribute your software and include Appweb software within your application, you must provide your complete source code to all on a non-discriminatory basis.Note that under the GPL license, you may develop, evaluate and embed Embedthis software in your application or product provided it is not redistributed either internally or externally. You may copy and modify the source code provided all copies fall under the GPL license. Please read the full GPL License for full details.Commercial LicenseIf your application is linked with Appweb and it is not provided to your customers under an acceptable open source license and you wish to redistribute your
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide306application, then you will need a commercial license. There are also several good reasons to use a commercial license:• You want the ability to redistribute your product including Appweb• You do not want to provide the source code to your application• You need a warranty on the software from Embedthis• You do not want to run the risk of your organization's software falling under the governing terms of the GPL• You want support• You want priority notification of security issues and emergency patchesThe Embedthis Commercial license is such a commercial license.RedistributionYou may also redistribute Embedthis products if you only use them in a stand-alone fashion as freestanding binaries without embedding them in your application. These redistributed copies remain under the GPL license.This software is supplied under license. Both a GNU and commercial license are available. Please read LICENSE.TXT for details. This documentation and the software described in this document may be used and copied only in accordance with the terms of the accompanying license agreement. Product and technical information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Mbedthis Software LLC.Copyright (c) Mbedthis Software LLC, 2003-2007. All Rights Reserved.Mbedthis is a trademark of Mbedthis Software LLC. Mbedthis, Appweb, ESP and EGI are trademarks of Mbedthis Software. All other brand or product names are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.Mbedthis Software, LLC.4616 25th Ave NE #733Seattle, WA 98105.+1 (425) 329-3490www.mbedthis.cominfo@mbedthis.comThis Product includes dropbear software under below license.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 307Dropbear contains a number of components from different sources, hence there are a few licenses and authors involved. All licenses are fairly non-restrictive.The majority of code is written by Matt Johnston, under the license below.Portions of the client-mode work are (c) 2004 Mihnea Stoenescu, under the same license:Copyright (c) 2002-2006 Matt JohnstonPortions copyright (c) 2004 Mihnea StoenescuAll rights reserved.Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.=====LibTomCrypt and LibTomMath are written by Tom St Denis, and are Public Domain.=====sshpty.c is taken from OpenSSH 3.5p1, Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, FinlandAll rights reserved "As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is incompatible with the protocol
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide308description in the RFC file, it must be called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell". "=====loginrec.cloginrec.hatomicio.hatomicio.cand strlcat() (included in util.c) are from OpenSSH 3.6.1p2, and are licensed under the 2 point BSD license.loginrec is written primarily by Andre Lucas, atomicio.c by Theo de Raadt.strlcat() is (c) Todd C. Miller=====Import code in keyimport.c is modified from PuTTY's import.c, licensed as follows:PuTTY is copyright 1997-2003 Simon Tatham.Portions copyright Robert de Bath, Joris van Rantwijk, DelianDelchev, Andreas Schultz, Jeroen Massar, Wez Furlong, Nicolas Barry,Justin Bradford, and CORE SDI S.A.Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. This Product includes iperf software under below license.Iperf Copyright
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 309________________________________________Copyright (c) 1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005 The Board of Trustees of the University of IllinoisAll Rights Reserved. Iperf performance testMark GatesAjay TirumalaJim FergusonJon DuganFeng QinKevin GibbsJohn EstabrookNational Laboratory for Applied Network Research National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software (Iperf) and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: "Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimers. "Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimers in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. "Neither the names of the University of Illinois, NCSA, nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Software without specific prior written permission. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTIBUTORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide310This Product includes libcli and libusb software under LGPL license.GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSEVersion 2.1, February 1999Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USAEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the version number 2.1.]PreambleThe licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these things.To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If you link other code with the
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 311library, you must provide complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know that what they have is not the original version, so that the original author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be introduced by others.Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries into non-free programs.When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with the library.We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain special circumstances.For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide312In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating system.Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program using a modified version of the Library. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must be combined with the library in order to run.GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSETERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General Public License (also called "this License"). Each licensee is addressed as "you".A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables. The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)"Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the library.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 313Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does and what the program that uses the Library does.1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the Library.You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) The modified work must itself be a software library. b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an application does not supply such function or table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful. (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any application-supplied function or table used by this function must be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square root function must still compute square roots.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide314when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Library.In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2, instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in these notices.Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy. This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the Library into a program that is not a library. 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange.If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to distribute the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library". Such a work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and therefore falls outside the scope of this License.However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the library". The executable is therefore
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 315covered by this License. Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not. Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the Library will still fall under Section 6.)Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6. Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6, whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself. 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications.You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one of these things: a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked with the Library, with the complete machine-readable "work that uses the Library", as object code and/or source code, so that the user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application to use the modified definitions.) b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a copy of the library already present on the user's computer system, rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2) will operate properly with a modified version of the library,
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide316if the user installs one, as long as the modified version is interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with. c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give the same user the materials specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more than the cost of performing this distribution. d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above specified materials from the same place. e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials or that you have already sent this user a copy. For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the Library" must include any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception, the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot use both them and the Library together in an executable that you distribute.7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted, and provided that you do these two things: a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the Sections above. b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work. 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 3179. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Library or works based on it.10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply, and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide318among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a license version number, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 319How to Apply These Terms to Your New LibrariesIf you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the ordinary General Public License).To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.<one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990Ty Coon, President of ViceThat's all there is to it!This Product includes libupnp software under below license.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide320Portable SDK for UPnP* Devices (libupnp)Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Intel Corporation - All Rights Reserved.Copyright (c) 2005-2006 R?i Turboult <r3mi@users.sourceforge.net>Copyright (c) 2006 Michel Pfeiffer and others virtual_worlds@gmx.deCopyright (c) 2000-2003 Intel Corporation All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.This Product includes ppp software under below license.Copyrights:***********All of the code can be freely used and redistributed. The individual source files each have their own copyright and permission notice.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide 321Pppd, pppstats and pppdump are under BSD-style notices. Some of the pppd plugins are GPL'd. Chat is public domain.Distribution:*************The primary site for releases of this software is: ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/This Product includes ppp software (Pppd, pppstats and pppdump) under below license.Copyright (c) <YEAR>, <OWNER>All rights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:"Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer."Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution."Neither the name of the <ORGANIZATION> nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.This Product includes tcl software under below license.
Appendix E Open Software AnnouncementsNVG2053 User’s Guide322This software is copyrighted by the Regents of the University of California, Sun Microsystems, Inc., Scriptics Corporation, ActiveState Corporation and other parties. The following terms apply to all files associated with the software unless explicitly disclaimed in individual files.The authors hereby grant permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and license this software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that existing copyright notices are retained in all copies and that this notice is included verbatim in any distributions. No written agreement, license, or royalty fee is required for any of the authorized uses.Modifications to this software may be copyrighted by their authors and need not follow the licensing terms described here, provided that the new terms are clearly indicated on the first page of each file where they apply.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, ITS DOCUMENTATION, OR ANY DERIVATIVES THEREOF, EVEN IF THE AUTHORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS HAVE NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.GOVERNMENT USE: If you are acquiring this software on behalf of the U.S. government, the Government shall have only "Restricted Rights" in the software and related documentation as defined in the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FARs) in Clause 52.227.19 (c) (2). If you are acquiring the software on behalf of the Department of Defense, the software shall be classified as "Commercial Computer Software" and the Government shall have only "Restricted Rights" as defined in Clause 252.227-7013 (c) (1) of DFARs. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the authors grant the U.S. Government and others acting in its behalf permission to use and distribute the software in accordance with the terms specified in this license.
IndexNVG2053 User’s Guide 323IndexAACK message 188ACS 202Address Assignment 82Advanced Encryption StandardSee AES.AES 285antennadirectional 290gain 289omni-directional 290AP (access point) 277Auto Configuration Server, see ACS 202BBasic Service Set, See BSS 275broadcast 91BSS 275BYE request 188CCA 283call hold 193,195call service mode 193,195call transfer 194,196call waiting 194,195Canonical Format Indicator See CFICertificate AuthoritySee CA.certifications 291notices 293viewing 294CFI 91channel 94,277interference 277Class of Service 191Class of Service, see CoSclient-server protocol 185comfort noise generation 191Configurationrestore 218copyright 291CoS 136,191CoS technologies 136CPU usage 72CTS (Clear to Send) 278Ddate and time 72Daylight saving 213DDNS 145see also Dynamic DNSservice providers 146DHCP 77,125DHCP serversee also Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDHCP server 122,125DHCP table 77DHCP client informationDHCP statusdifferentiated services 192Differentiated Services, see DiffServ 136DiffServ 136marking rule 137DiffServ (Differentiated Services) 191code points 191marking rule 192Dimensions 231disclaimer 291DNS 127DNS Server 82DNS server 127
IndexNVG2053 User’s Guide324Domain Name System 127Domain Name System. See DNS.DS field 137,192DS, dee differentiated servicesDSCP 136,191Dynamic DNS 145Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 125dynamic WEP key exchange 284DynDNS 146DynDNS see also DDNS 146EEAP Authentication 282echo cancellation 191emergency numbers 182encryption 285ESS 276ESSID 230Europe type call service mode 193Extended Service Set IDentification 97Extended Service Set, See ESS 276FFCC interference statement 291firewallcreating/editing rules 164Firmware upload 215file extensionusing HTTPfirmware version 70flash key 193flashing 193fragmentation threshold 279GG.168 191General wireless LAN screen 97Hhidden node 277host name 70HTTP 161,162IIBSS 275IEEE 802.11g 279IEEE 802.1Q 91IGMP 91,122see also Internet Group Multicast Protocolversion 91IGMP version 122Independent Basic Service SetSee IBSS 275initialization vector (IV) 285Internet Group Multicast Protocol 122IP Address 123,141IP filterbasics 161policies 162IP Pool 126ITU-T 191LLAN 121IP pool setup 125LAN overview 121LAN setup 121LAN TCP/IP 125Language 221listening port 171Local Area Network 121logssettings 76
IndexNVG2053 User’s Guide 325MMAC 71,104MAC address 71MAC address filtering 104MAC filter 104managing the devicegood habits 23using the web configurator. See web configurator.using the wireless switch.using the WPS. See WPS.Media access control 104memory usage 72Message Integrity Check (MIC) 285MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) 90Multicast 122IGMP 122multicast 91multimedia 184NNAT 139,140how it works 139overview 139see also Network Address TranslationNetwork Address Translation 139,140non-proxy calls 180OOK response 188,190PPairwise Master Key (PMK) 285,287peer-to-peer calls 180Per-Hop Behavior, see PHB 137PHB 137,192phone bookspeed dial 180Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 86Pool Size 126POP3 161,162Port forwarding 141default server 141local server 141Power Specification 231PPPoE 86dial-up connectionpreamble mode 279product registration 294PSK 285QQoS 131,136,191setup 131versus CoS 135Quality of Service (QoS) 107Quality of Service, see QoSRRADIUS 281message types 281messages 281shared secret key 282Real time Transport Protocol, see RTPregistrationproduct 294related documentation 3remote management 202limitations 202system timeout 202TR-069 202Remote Procedure Calls, see RPCs 202Reset button 25Reset the device 25Restore configuration 218RF (Radio Frequency) 232RFC 1889 187Roaming 105
IndexNVG2053 User’s Guide326RPPCs 202RTP 187RTS (Request To Send) 278threshold 277,278RTS/CTS Threshold 94,105,106Ssafety warnings 7Scheduling 110Service and port numbers 165Service Set 97Service Set IDentity. See SSID.Session Initiation Protocol, see SIPsilence suppression 190SIP 184account 184call progression 188client 185identities 184INVITE request 188,189number 184OK response 190proxy server 186redirect server 186register server 187servers 185service domain 184URI 184user agent 185speed dial 180SSID 94Static DHCP 126Static Route 147static VLANSubnet Mask 123SummaryDHCP table 77Packet statistics 77Wireless station status 79supplementary services 192syntax conventions 5systemtimeout 202System General Setup 207System Name 207system name 70TTag Control Information See TCITag Protocol Identifier See TPIDTCITCP/IP 161TCP/IP configuration 125Tempe rat u re 231Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 285three-way conference 194,196Time setting 212timeoutsystem 202ToS 191TPID 91TR-069 202ACS setup 202Type of Service, see ToSUunicast 91Uniform Resource Identifier 184Universal Plug and Play 151application 152UPnP 151cautions 152forum 152NAT traversal 151security issues 152USA type call service mode 195VVAD 190VIDVirtual Local Area Network See VLANVLAN 90
IndexNVG2053 User’s Guide 327Introduction 90number of possible VIDspriority framestaticVLAN ID 91VLAN Identifier See VIDVLAN tag 91voice activity detection 190voice coding 190VoIP 183peer-to-peer calls 180WWAN (Wide Area Network) 81warranty 294note 294Web Configuratorhow to access 59Overview 59web configurator 23WEP Encryption 100,102WEP encryption 99WEP key 99Wi-Fi Protected Access 284Wireless association list 79wireless channel 230wireless client WPA supplicants 286wireless LAN 230wireless LAN scheduling 110Wireless networkbasic guidelines 94channel 94example 93overview 93security 94SSID 94Wireless security 94wireless security 230,280wireless switch 23Wireless tutorial 34Wizard setup 49WLANinterference 277security parameters 288WLAN button 23WPA 284key caching 286pre-authentication 286user authentication 286vs WPA-PSK 285wireless client supplicant 286with RADIUS application example 286WPA2 284user authentication 286vs WPA2-PSK 285wireless client supplicant 286with RADIUS application example 286WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 284WPA2-PSK 284,285application example 287WPA-PSK 285application example 287WPS 23
IndexNVG2053 User’s Guide328

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