ZyXEL Communications P660HNT1A 802.11n Wireless ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway User Manual 2

ZyXEL Communications Corporation 802.11n Wireless ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway 2

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P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 161CHAPTER 12 Static Route12.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the ZyXEL Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes.For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN interface. The ZyXEL Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the ZyXEL Device’s default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the LAN. Figure 77 Example of Static Routing TopologyWANR1R2AR3LAN

Chapter 12 Static RouteP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide16212.1.1 What You Can Do in the Static Route ScreensUse the Static Route screens (Section 12.2 on page 162) to view and configure IP static routes on the ZyXEL Device.12.2 The Static Route ScreenUse this screen to view the static route rules. Click Advanced > Static Route to open the Static Route screen.Figure 78 Advanced > Static RouteThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 53 Advanced > Static RouteLABEL DESCRIPTION#This is the number of an individual static route.Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. Netmask This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.

Chapter 12 Static RouteP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 16312.2.1 Static Route Edit Use this screen to configure the required information for a static route. Select a static route index number and click Edit. The screen shown next appears.Figure 79 Advanced > Static Route: EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route on the ZyXEL Device.Click the Remove icon to remove a static route from the ZyXEL Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route. Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.Table 53 Advanced > Static RouteLABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 54 Advanced > Static Route: EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONStatic Route SetupDestination IP Address This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 12 Static RouteP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide164

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 165CHAPTER 13 802.1Q/1P13.1 OverviewThis chapter describes how to configure the 802.1Q/1P settings.A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. A VLAN group can be treated as an individual device. Each group can have its own rules about where and how to forward traffic. You can assign any ports on the ZyXEL Device to a VLAN group and configure the settings for the group. You may also set the priority level for traffic trasmitted through the ports.Figure 80 802.1Q/1P13.1.1 What You Can Do in the 802.1Q/1P Screens•Use the Group Setting screen (Section 13.2 on page 166) to activate 802.1Q/1P, specify the management VLAN group, display the VLAN groups and configure the settings for each VLAN group.•Use the Port Setting screen (Section 13.3 on page 169) to configure the PVID for each port.13.1.2 What You Need to Know About 802.1Q/1PIEEE 802.1P PriorityIEEE 802.1P specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service.Ports VLAN Groups Priority Levels802.1Q 802.1P

Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide166IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANTagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the device on which they were created. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame across the network.PVCA virtual circuit is a logical point-to-point circuit between customer sites. Permanent means that the circuit is preprogrammed by the carrier as a path through the network. It does not need to be set up or torn down for each session. Forwarding Tagged and Untagged FramesEach port on the device is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware device to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware device, the ZyXEL Device first decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware device to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the ZyXEL Device first decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.Whether to tag an outgoing frame depends on the setting of the egress port on a per-VLAN, per-port basis (recall that a port can belong to multiple VLANs). If the tagging on the egress port is enabled for the VID of a frame, then the frame is transmitted as a tagged frame; otherwise, it is transmitted as an untagged frame.13.2 The 802.1Q/1P Group Setting ScreenUse this screen to activate 802.1Q/1P and display the VLAN groups. Click Advanced > 802.1Q/1P to display the following screen.

Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 167Note: If the WAN interface in the VLAN group is not the default router, you need to create a static route to communicate with the WAN.Figure 81 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group SettingThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 55 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group SettingLABEL DESCRIPTION802.1Q/1PActive Select this check box to activate the 802.1P/1Q feature.Summary# This field displays the index number of the VLAN group.Active This field displays whether 802.1P/1Q is active for the VLAN group.VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.Port Number These columns display the VLAN’s settings for each port. A tagged port is marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN are marked as “–“. Modify Click the Edit button to configure the the ports in the VLAN group.Click the Remove button to delete the VLAN group.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide16813.2.1 Editing 802.1Q/1P Group SettingUse this screen to configure the settings for each VLAN group.In the 802.1Q/1P screen, click the Edit button from the Modify filed to display the following screen.Figure 82 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting > EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 56 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting > EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select this check box to activate the group setting.VLAN ID Assign a VLAN ID for the VLAN group. The valid VID range is between 1 and 4094.Default Gateway Select the default gateway for the VLAN group.Ports This field displays the types of ports available to join the VLAN group.Control Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of the VLAN group.Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining the VLAN group.

Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 16913.3 The 802.1Q/1P Port Setting ScreenUse this screen to configure the PVID for each port. Click Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Port Setting to display the following screen.Figure 83 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Port SettingTx Tag Select Tx Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing traffic trasmitted through this VLAN. You select this if you want to create VLANs across different devices and not just the ZyXEL Device.Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.Table 56 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting > Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide170The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 57 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Port SettingLABEL DESCRIPTIONPorts This field displays the types of ports available to join the VLAN group.802.1Q PVID Assign a VLAN ID for the port. The valid VID range is between 1 and 4094. The ZyXEL Device assigns the PVID to untagged frames or priority-tagged frames received on this port.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 171CHAPTER 14 Quality of Service (QoS)14.1 OverviewUse the QoS screen to set up your ZyXEL Device to use QoS for traffic management. Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control bandwidth. QoS allows the ZyXEL Device to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network performance. Without QoS, all traffic data are equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical applications such as video-on-demand.The ZyXEL Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned with a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priorities if there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as Internet radio or streaming video.In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission speed of 50 Mbps. You configure a classifier to assign the highest priority queue (6) to VoIP traffic from the LAN interface, so that voice traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion. Traffic from the boss’s IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) is mapped to queue 5. Traffic that does not match

Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide172these two classes are assigned priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on the ZyXEL Device.Figure 84 QoS Example14.1.1 What You Can Do in the QoS Screens•Use the QoS screen (Section 14.2 on page 173) to configure QoS settings on the ZyXEL Device.•Use the QoS Settings Summary screen (Section 14.2.1 on page 175) to check the summary of QoS rules and actions you configured for the ZyXEL Device.14.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS802.1pQoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the same priority. 802.1p is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use 802.1p to give different priorities to different packet types. Tagging and MarkingIn a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) value, IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or service based on the tag or marker.Finding Out MoreSee Section 14.3 on page 176 for advanced technical information on QoS.50 MbpsDSLVoIP: Queue 6Boss: Queue 5IP=192.168.1.23

Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 17314.2 The QoS Screen Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and have the ZyXEL Device assign priority levels to traffic according to the port range, IEEE 802.1p priority level and/or IP precedence.Click Advanced Setup > QoS to open the screen as shown next.Figure 85 Advanced Setup > QoS

Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide174The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 58 Advanced Setup > QoSLABEL DESCRIPTIONQuality of ServiceQoS Use this field to turn on QoS to improve your network performance. You can give priority to traffic that the ZyXEL Device forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications. Summary Click this to open a summary table showing the QoS settings. See Section 14.2.1 on page 175 for more details.RuleRule Index Select the rule’s index number from the drop-down list box.Active Use this field to enable or disable the rule.Application Select an application from the drop-down list box. The Destination Port Range and Protocol ID fields may change depending on the type of applications you choose.Physical Ports Select Enet1 to apply the rule to the Ethernet port.Destination MAC Type a destination MAC address here. QoS is then applied to traffic containing this destination MAC address. Leave it blank to apply the rule to all MAC addresses.IP Enter a destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. QoS is then applied to traffic containing this destination IP address. A blank destination IP address means any destination IP address.Mask Enter a destination subnet mask here.Port Range Either use the default value set by the application you choose, or enter the port number to which the rule should be applied.Source MAC Type a source MAC address here. QoS is then applied to traffic containing this source MAC address. Leave it blank to apply the rule to all MAC addresses.IP Enter a source IP address in dotted decimal notation. QoS is then applied to traffic containing this source IP address. A blank source IP address means any source IP address.Mask Enter a source subnet mask here.Port Range Enter the port number to which the rule should be applied. 0 means any source port number. See Appendix E on page 307 for some common services and port numbers.Protocol ID Select an IP protocol type from the drop-down list box.Vlan ID Range Enter the source VLAN ID in this field.IPP/DS Field Select IPP/TOS to specify an IP precedence range and type of services.Select DSCP to specify a DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) range.IP Precedence Range Enter a range from 0 to 7 for IP precedence. Zero is the lowest priority and seven is the highest.

Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 17514.2.1 The QoS Settings Summary Screen Use this screen to display a summary of rules and actions configured for the ZyXEL Device. In the Advanced > QoS screen, click the QoS Settings Summary button to open the following screen.Figure 86 Advanced Setup > QoS > QoS Settings SummaryType of Service Select a type of service from the drop-down list box.Available options are: Normal service, Minimize delay, Maximize throughput, Maximize reliability and Minimize monetary cost.DSCP Range Specify a DSCP number between 0 and 63 in this field.802.1p Select a priority level (0 to 7) from the drop-down list box.ActionIPP/DS Field Select IPP/TOS to specify an IP precedence range and type of services.Select DSCP to specify a DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) range.IP Precedence Remarking Enter a range from 0 to 7 to re-assign IP precedence to matched traffic. Zero is the lowest priority and seven is the highest.Type of Service RemarkingSelect a type of service to re-assign the priority level to matched traffic.Available options are: Normal service, Minimize delay, Maximize throughput, Maximize reliability and Minimize monetary cost.DSCP Remarking Specify a DSCP number between 0 and 63 to re-assign the priority level to matched traffic.802.1p Remarking Select a priority level (0 to 7) to re-assign the priority level to matched traffic.Queue # Specify a Low, Medium, High or Highest queue tag to matched traffic. Traffic assigned to a higher queue gets through faster while traffic in lower queues is dropped when there is network congestion.ADD Click this to add the rule.DELETE Click this to remove the rule.CANCEL Click this to restore previously saved settings.Table 58 Advanced Setup > QoSLABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide176The following table describes the labels in this screen. 14.3 QoS Technical ReferenceThis section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.14.3.1 IEEE 802.1pIEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p). Table 59 Advanced Setup > QoS > QoS Settings SummaryLABEL DESCRIPTIONRules#This is the rule’s index number.Active This shows whether the rule is enabled or disabled.Physical Ports This is the physical port associated with the rule.Destination MAC and IP/Mask Port RangesThis is the port range for destination MAC address and IP address.Source MAC and IP/Mask Port RangesThis is the port range for source MAC address and IP address.Protocol ID This is the protocol ID associated with the rule.VLAN ID This is the VLAN ID associated with the rule.IPP/TOS (DSCP) This shows the IPP/TOS or DSCP settings.802.1p This is the 802.1p priority level.ActionsIPP/TOS (DSCP) Remarking The ZyXEL Device re-assigns the priority values specified in this field to matched traffic.802.1p Remarking The ZyXEL Device re-assigns the priority levels specified in this field to matched traffic.Queue # The ZyXEL Device assigns the queue level specified in this field to matched traffic.Table 60 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic TypePRIORITY LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPELevel 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay).

Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 17714.3.2 IP PrecedenceSimilar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is the lowest priority level and seven is the highest.14.3.3 Automatic Priority Queue AssignmentIf you enable QoS on the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL Device can automatically base on the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which does not match a class.The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the ZyXEL Device. On the ZyXEL Device, traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested.Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network Architecture) transactions.Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”. Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.Table 60 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic TypePRIORITY LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPETable 61 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS MappingPRIORITY QUEUELAYER 2 LAYER 3IEEE 802.1P USER PRIORITY (ETHERNET PRIORITY)TOS (IP PRECEDENCE) DSCP IP PACKET LENGTH (BYTE)0 1 0 000000122 0 0 000000 >1100

Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1783 3 1 001110001100001010001000250~11004 4 2 0101100101000100100100005 5 3 011110011100011010011000<2506 6 4 1001101001001000101000005 1011101010007 7 6 1100001110007Table 61 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS MappingPRIORITY QUEUELAYER 2 LAYER 3IEEE 802.1P USER PRIORITY (ETHERNET PRIORITY)TOS (IP PRECEDENCE) DSCP IP PACKET LENGTH (BYTE)

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 179CHAPTER 15 Dynamic DNS Setup15.1 Overview Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key. 15.1.1 What You Can Do in the DDNS ScreenUse the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 15.2 on page 180) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the ZyXEL Device.15.1.2 What You Need To Know About DDNSDYNDNS WildcardEnabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.

Chapter 15 Dynamic DNS SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide18015.2 The Dynamic DNS ScreenUse this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s DDNS. Click Advanced > Dynamic DNS. The screen appears as shown.Figure 87 Advanced > Dynamic DNSThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 62 Advanced > Dynamic DNSLABEL DESCRIPTIONDynamic DNS SetupActive Dynamic DNS Select this check box to use dynamic DNS.Service Provider This is the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.Dynamic DNS Type Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider.Host Name Type the domain name assigned to your ZyXEL Device by your Dynamic DNS provider.You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").User Name Type your user name.Password Type the password assigned to you.Enable Wildcard OptionSelect the check box to enable DynDNS Wildcard.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 181CHAPTER 16 Remote Management16.1 OverviewRemote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which ZyXEL Device interface (if any) from which computers.The following figure shows remote management of the ZyXEL Device coming in from the WAN.Figure 88 Remote Management From the WANNote: When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access.You may manage your ZyXEL Device from a remote location via:•Internet (WAN only)•LAN only•LAN and WAN• None (Disable)To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding Service Access field.You may only have one remote management session running at a time. The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority LAN WANHTTPTelnet

Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide182when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the different types of remote management sessions are as follows.1Telnet2HTTP16.1.1 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens•Use the WWW screen (Section 16.2 on page 183) to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the ZyXEL Device.•Use the Telnet screen (Section 16.3 on page 184) to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the ZyXEL Device.•Use the FTP screen (Section 16.4 on page 185) to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use FTP to access the ZyXEL Device.• Your ZyXEL Device can act as an SNMP agent, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the ZyXEL Device through the network. Use the SNMP screen (see Section 16.5 on page 186) to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use SNMP to access the ZyXEL Device.•Use the DNS screen (Section 16.6 on page 188) to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device.•Use the ICMP screen (Section 16.7 on page 189) to set whether or not your ZyXEL Device will respond to pings and probes for services that you have not made available.16.1.2 What You Need to Know About Remote ManagementRemote Management LimitationsRemote management does not work when:• You have not enabled that service on the interface in the corresponding remote management screen.• You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.• The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the ZyXEL Device will disconnect the session immediately.• There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at one time.• There is a firewall rule that blocks it.

Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 183Remote Management and NATWhen NAT is enabled:• Use the ZyXEL Device’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. • Use the ZyXEL Device’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. System TimeoutThere is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. 16.2 The WWW ScreenUse this screen to specify how to connect to the ZyXEL Device from a web browser, such as Internet Explorer. Note: If you disable the WWW service in the Remote MGMT > WWW screen, then the ZyXEL Device blocks all HTTP connection attempts.16.2.1 Configuring the WWW ScreenClick Advanced > Remote MGMT to display the WWW screen.Figure 89 Advanced > Remote MGMT > WWW

Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide184The following table describes the labels in this screen.16.3 The Telnet ScreenYou can use Telnet to access the ZyXEL Device’s command line interface. Specify which interfaces allow Telnet access and from which IP address the access can come.Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > Telnet tab to display the screen as shown. Figure 90 Advanced > Remote MGMT > TelnetTable 63 Advanced > Remote Management > WWWLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port You may change the server port number for a service, if needed. However, you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Secured Client IP Address A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 185The following table describes the labels in this screen.16.4 The FTP Screen You can use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) to upload and download the ZyXEL Device’s firmware and configuration files. Please see the User’s Guide chapter on firmware and configuration file maintenance for details. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client.Use this screen to specify which interfaces allow FTP access and from which IP address the access can come. To change your ZyXEL Device’s FTP settings, click Advanced > Remote MGMT > FTP. The screen appears as shown.Figure 91 Advanced > Remote MGMT > FTPTable 64 Advanced > Remote Management > TelnetLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Secured Client IP Address A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide186The following table describes the labels in this screen. 16.5 The SNMP ScreenSimple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. Your ZyXEL Device supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the ZyXEL Device through the network. The ZyXEL Device supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two (SNMPv2c). The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation.Figure 92 SNMP Management ModelTable 65 Advanced > Remote MGMT > FTPLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port You may change the server port number for a service, if needed. However, you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Secured Client IP Address A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 187An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager. An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the ZyXEL Device). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices. The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include such as number of packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects.16.5.1 Configuring SNMP To change your ZyXEL Device’s SNMP settings, click Advanced > Remote MGMT > SNMP tab. The screen appears as shown.Figure 93 Advanced > Remote MGMT > SNMPThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 66 Advanced > Remote MGMT > SNMPLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port The SNMP agent listens on port 161 by default. If you change the SNMP server port to a different number on the ZyXEL Device, for example 8161, then you must notify people who need to access the ZyXEL Device SNMP agent to use the same port.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device using this service.Secured Client IP Address A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to access the SNMP agent on the ZyXEL Device.Select All to allow any computer to access the SNMP agent.Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the SNMP agent.

Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide18816.6 The DNS Screen Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. Refer to Chapter 7 on page 89 for background information. Use this screen to set from which IP address the ZyXEL Device will accept DNS queries and on which interface it can send them your ZyXEL Device’s DNS settings. This feature is not available when the ZyXEL Device is set to bridge mode. Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > DNS to change your ZyXEL Device’s DNS settings.Figure 94 Advanced > Remote Management > DNSThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 66 Advanced > Remote MGMT > SNMP (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 67 Advanced > Remote Management > DNSLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port The DNS service port number is 53 and cannot be changed here.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device.Secured Client IP Address A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device.Select All to allow any computer to send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device.Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 18916.7 The ICMP ScreenTo change your ZyXEL Device’s security settings, click Advanced > Remote MGMT > ICMP. The screen appears as shown.If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your ZyXEL Device, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the ZyXEL Device exists. Your ZyXEL Device supports anti-probing, which prevents the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your ZyXEL Device when unsupported ports are probed. Note: If you want your device to respond to pings and requests for unauthorized services, you may also need to configure the firewall anti probing settings to match. Figure 95 Advanced > Remote Management > ICMPThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 68 Advanced > Remote Management > ICMPLABEL DESCRIPTIONICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. Respond to Ping on The ZyXEL Device will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected. Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to both incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests. Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

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P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 191CHAPTER 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)17.1 OverviewUniversal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.17.1.1 What You Can Do in the UPnP ScreenUse the UPnP screen (Section 17.2 on page 193) to enable UPnP on the ZyXEL Device and allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the ZyXEL Device.17.1.2 What You Need to Know About UPnPIdentifying UPnP DevicesUPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. NAT TraversalUPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:• Dynamic port mapping• Learning public IP addresses• Assigning lease times to mappings

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide192Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.Cautions with UPnPThe automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only.All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. UPnP and ZyXELZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0. See the following sections for examples of installing and using UPnP.

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 19317.2 The UPnP ScreenUse the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your ZyXEL Device. Click Advanced > UPnP to display the screen shown next.See Section 17.1 on page 191 for more information. Figure 96 Advanced > UPnP > GeneralThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 69 Advanced > UPnP > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Feature Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the ZyXEL Device's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator).Allow users to make configuration changes through UPnPSelect this check box to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the ZyXEL Device so that they can communicate through the ZyXEL Device, for example by using NAT traversal, UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application. Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide19417.3 Installing UPnP in Windows ExampleThis section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. Installing UPnP in Windows MeFollow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.2Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 1953In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components4Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XPFollow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP.1Click Start and Control Panel. 2Double-click Network Connections.

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1963In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components …. Network Co nnections4The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 1975In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Networking Services6Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 17.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP ExampleThis section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyXEL Device.Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the ZyXEL Device. Turn on your computer and the ZyXEL Device. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway.

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1982Right-click the icon and select Properties. Network Co nnections3In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. Internet Connection Properties

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 1994You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Internet Connection Properties: Advanced SettingsInternet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add5When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically.

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2006Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. System Tray Icon7Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.Internet Connection StatusWeb Configurator Easy AccessWith UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the ZyXEL Device without finding out the IP address of the ZyXEL Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the ZyXEL Device.Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.1Click Start and then Control Panel. 2Double-click Network Connections.

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 2013Select My Network Places under Other Places. Network Co nnections4An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network.

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2025Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays. Network Co nnections: My Netw ork Places6Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the ZyXEL Device. Network Co nnections: My Netw ork Places: Proper ties: Example

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 203CHAPTER 18 CWMP18.1 OverviewThe ZyXEL Device supports TR-069 Amendment 1 (CPE WAN Management Protocol Release 2.0) and TR-069 Amendment 2 (CPE WAN Management Protocol v1.1, Release 3.0).TR-069 is a protocol that defines how your ZyXEL Device (ZD) can be managed via a management server (MS) such as ZyXEL’s Vantage Access. Figure 97 LAN and WANAn administrator can use a management server to remotely set up the ZyXEL device, modify settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the ZyXEL device. In order to use CWMP, you need to configure the following steps:1Activate CWMP2Specify the URL, username and password.3Activate periodic inform and specify an interval value.MSZD

Chapter 18 CWMPP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide20418.2 The CWMP Setup ScreenUse this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device to be managed by a management server. Click Advanced> CWMP to display the following screen.Figure 98 Advanced > CWMPThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 70 Advanced > CWMPLINK DESCRIPTIONCWMP SetupCWMP Select Activated to allow the ZyXEL Device to be managed by a management server or select Deactivated to not allow the ZyXEL Device to be managed by a management server.Login ACS Configure this part of the screen to log into the management server.URL Type the IP address or domain name of the management server. If the ZyXEL Device is behind a NAT router that assigns it a private IP address, you will have to configure a NAT port forwarding rule on the NAT router.User Name The user name is used to authenticate the ZyXEL Device when making a connection to the management server. This user name on the management server and the ZyXEL Device must be the same. Type a user name of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-language keyboard. Spaces and characters such as @#$%^&*()_+ are allowed.

Chapter 18 CWMPP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 205Password The password is used to authenticate the ZyXEL Device when making a connection to the management server. This password on the management server and the ZyXEL Device must be the same. Type a password of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-language keyboard.Connection Request Use this part of the screen to allow the management server to connect to the ZyXEL Device after a successful login.Path Type the IP address or domain name of the ZyXEL Device. The management server uses this path to verify the ZyXEL Device.Port The default port for access to the ZyXEL Device from the management server is the HTTP port, port 80. If you change it, make sure it does not conflict with another port on your network and it is recommended to use a port number above 1024 (not a commonly used port). The management server should use this port to connect to the ZyXEL Device. You may need to alter your NAT port forwarding rules if they were already configured.UserName The user name is used to authenticate the management server when connecting to the ZyXEL Device. Type a user name of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-language keyboard. Spaces and characters such as @#$%^&*()_+ are allowed.Password The password is used to authenticate the management server when connecting to the ZyXEL Device. Type a password of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-language keyboard. Spaces are not allowed.Periodic Inform Select Activated to have the ZyXEL Device periodically send information to the management server (recommended if CWMP is enabled) or select Deactivated to not have the ZyXEL Device periodically send information to the management serverInterval The interval is the duration in seconds for which the ZyXEL Device must attempt to connect with the management server to send information and check for configuration updates. Enter a value between 1 and 86400 seconds.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.Table 70 Advanced > CWMP (continued)LINK DESCRIPTION

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P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 207CHAPTER 19 System Settings19.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system time, password, name, the domain name and the inactivity timeout interval. 19.1.1 What You Can Do in the System Settings Screens•Use the General screen (Section 19.2 on page 207) to configure system settings.•Use the Time and Date screen (Section 19.3 on page 208) to set the system time.19.2 The General ScreenUse this screen to configure system admin password.Click Maintenance > System to open the General screen. Figure 99 Maintenance > System > General

Chapter 19 System SettingsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide208The following table describes the labels in this screen. 19.3 The Time and Date Screen Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device’s time based on your local time zone. To change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time and Date. The screen appears as shown.Figure 100 Maintenance > System > Time and DateTable 71 Maintenance > System > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONPasswordAdmin PasswordOld Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field.New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays a (*) for each character you type. After you change the password, use the new password to access the ZyXEL Device.Retype to confirm Type the new password again for confirmation.Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 19 System SettingsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 209The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 72 Maintenance > System > Time and DateLABEL DESCRIPTIONCurrent Time and DateCurrent Time This field displays the time of your ZyXEL Device.Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the time with the time server.Current Date This field displays the date of your ZyXEL Device. Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the date with the time server.Time and Date SetupManual Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it.New Time (hh:mm:ss)This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually.When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply. New Date (yyyy/mm/dd)This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually.When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply.Get from Time Server Select this radio button to have the ZyXEL Device get the time and date from the time server you specified below.Time Server Address Enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.Time Zone SetupTime Zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Daylight Savings Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.

Chapter 19 System SettingsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide210Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Enable Daylight Saving. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Second, Sunday, March and type 2 in the o'clock field.Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Enable Daylight Saving. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and type 2 in the o'clock field.Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Apply Click this to save your changes.Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.Table 72 Maintenance > System > Time and Date (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 211CHAPTER 20 Logs20.1 OverviewThis chapter contains information about viewing the ZyXEL Device’s logs.The web configurator allows you to choose which types of events and/or alerts to have the ZyXEL Device log and then display the logs. 20.1.1 What You Need To Know About LogsAlertsAn alert is a message that is enabled as soon as the event occurs. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black.LogsA log is a message about an event that occurred on your ZyXEL Device. For example, when someone logs in to the ZyXEL Device, you can set a schedule for how often logs should be enabled, or sent to a syslog server.20.2 The System Log ScreenUse the System Log screen to configure and view the logs you wish to display.To change your ZyXEL Device’s log settings, click Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings. The screen appears as shown.

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide212Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full. Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may result in many e-mails being sent.Figure 101 Maintenance > System LogsThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 73 Maintenance > Logs > Log SettingsLABEL DESCRIPTIONSystem LogLog Type Select the types of logs that you want to display and record. Then click Submit to display the details.Clear Log Click this to delete all the logs. Save Log Click this to save the logs in a text file.

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 21320.3 Log DescriptionsThis section provides descriptions of example log messages. Table 74 System Maintenance LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONTime calibration is successful The router has adjusted its time based on information from the time server.Time calibration failed The router failed to get information from the time server.WAN interface gets IP: %s A WAN interface got a new IP address from the DHCP, PPPoE, or dial-up server.DHCP client IP expired A DHCP client's IP address has expired.DHCP server assigns %s The DHCP server assigned an IP address to a client.Successful WEB login Someone has logged on to the router's web configurator interface.WEB login failed Someone has failed to log on to the router's web configurator interface.Successful TELNET login Someone has logged on to the router via telnet.TELNET login failed Someone has failed to log on to the router via telnet.Successful FTP login Someone has logged on to the router via ftp.FTP login failed Someone has failed to log on to the router via ftp.NAT Session Table is Full! The maximum number of NAT session table entries has been exceeded and the table is full.Starting Connectivity Monitor Starting Connectivity Monitor.Time initialized by Daytime Server The router got the time and date from the Daytime server.Time initialized by Time server The router got the time and date from the time server.Time initialized by NTP server The router got the time and date from the NTP server.Connect to Daytime server fail The router was not able to connect to the Daytime server.Connect to Time server fail The router was not able to connect to the Time server.Connect to NTP server fail The router was not able to connect to the NTP server.Too large ICMP packet has been dropped The router dropped an ICMP packet that was too large.Configuration Change: PC = 0x%x, Task ID = 0x%x The router is saving configuration changes.Successful SSH login Someone has logged on to the router’s SSH server.SSH login failed Someone has failed to log on to the router’s SSH server.

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide214 Successful HTTPS login Someone has logged on to the router's web configurator interface using HTTPS protocol.HTTPS login failed Someone has failed to log on to the router's web configurator interface using HTTPS protocol.Table 75 System Error LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION%s exceeds the max. number of session per host!This attempt to create a NAT session exceeds the maximum number of NAT session table entries allowed to be created per host.setNetBIOSFilter: calloc error The router failed to allocate memory for the NetBIOS filter settings.readNetBIOSFilter: calloc error The router failed to allocate memory for the NetBIOS filter settings.WAN connection is down. A WAN connection is down. You cannot access the network through this interface.Table 76 Access Control LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONFirewall default policy: [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] <Packet Direction>Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the default policy’s setting.Firewall rule [NOT] match:[ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] <Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched (or did not match) a configured firewall rule (denoted by its number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. Triangle route packet forwarded: [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The firewall allowed a triangle route session to pass through.Packet without a NAT table entry blocked: [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The router blocked a packet that didn't have a corresponding NAT table entry.Router sent blocked web site message: TCP The router sent a message to notify a user that the router blocked access to a web site that the user requested.Table 74 System Maintenance Logs (continued)LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 215 Table 77 TCP Reset LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONUnder SYN flood attack, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a host was under a SYN flood attack (the TCP incomplete count is per destination host.) Exceed TCP MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of TCP incomplete connections exceeded the user configured threshold. (the TCP incomplete count is per destination host.) Note: Refer to TCP Maximum Incomplete in the Firewall Attack Alerts screen. Peer TCP state out of order, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a TCP connection state was out of order.Note: The firewall refers to RFC793 Figure 6 to check the TCP state.Firewall session time out, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a dynamic firewall session timed out.Default timeout values:ICMP idle timeout (s): 60UDP idle timeout (s): 60TCP connection (three way handshaking) timeout (s): 30TCP FIN-wait timeout (s): 60TCP idle (established) timeout (s): 3600Exceed MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of incomplete connections (TCP and UDP) exceeded the user-configured threshold. (Incomplete count is for all TCP and UDP connections through the firewall.)Note: When the number of incomplete connections (TCP + UDP) > “Maximum Incomplete High”, the router sends TCP RST packets for TCP connections and destroys TOS (firewall dynamic sessions) until incomplete connections < “Maximum Incomplete Low”.Access block, sent TCP RST The router sends a TCP RST packet and generates this log if you turn on the firewall TCP reset mechanism (via CI command: "sys firewall tcprst").Table 78 Packet Filter LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION[ TCP | UDP | ICMP | IGMP | Generic ] packet filter matched (set: %d, rule: %d)Attempted access matched a configured filter rule (denoted by its set and rule number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule.

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide216For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 219. Table 79 ICMP LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONFirewall default policy: ICMP <Packet Direction>, <type:%d>, <code:%d>ICMP access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the user's setting.Firewall rule [NOT] match: ICMP <Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>, <type:%d>, <code:%d>ICMP access matched (or didn’t match) a firewall rule (denoted by its number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. Triangle route packet forwarded: ICMP The firewall allowed a triangle route session to pass through.Packet without a NAT table entry blocked: ICMP The router blocked a packet that didn’t have a corresponding NAT table entry.Unsupported/out-of-order ICMP: ICMP The firewall does not support this kind of ICMP packets or the ICMP packets are out of order.Router reply ICMP packet: ICMP The router sent an ICMP reply packet to the sender.Table 80 CDR LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONboard %d line %d channel %d, call %d, %s C01 Outgoing Call dev=%x ch=%x %sThe router received the setup requirements for a call. “call” is the reference (count) number of the call. “dev” is the device type (3 is for dial-up, 6 is for PPPoE, 10 is for PPTP) "channel" or “ch” is the call channel ID. For example,"board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 3, C01 Outgoing Call dev=6 ch=0 "Means the router has dialed to the PPPoE server 3 times.board %d line %d channel %d, call %d, %s C02 OutCall Connected %d %sThe PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up call is connected.board %d line %d channel %d, call %d, %s C02 Call TerminatedThe PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up call was disconnected.Table 81 PPP LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONppp:LCP Starting The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage has started.ppp:LCP Opening The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage is opening.ppp:CHAP Opening The PPP connection’s Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol stage is opening.ppp:IPCP Starting The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is starting.ppp:IPCP Opening The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is opening.

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 217 For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 219.ppp:LCP Closing The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage is closing.ppp:IPCP Closing The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is closing.Table 82 UPnP LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONUPnP pass through Firewall UPnP packets can pass through the firewall.Table 83 Content Filtering LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION%s: block keyword The content of a requested web page matched a user defined keyword.%s The system forwarded web content.Table 84 Attack LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONattack [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF attack.attack ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP attack.land [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF land attack.land ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP land attack.ip spoofing - WAN [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The firewall detected an IP spoofing attack on the WAN port.ip spoofing - WAN ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP IP spoofing attack on the WAN port. icmp echo : ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP echo attack. syn flood TCP The firewall detected a TCP syn flood attack.ports scan TCP The firewall detected a TCP port scan attack.teardrop TCP The firewall detected a TCP teardrop attack.teardrop UDP The firewall detected an UDP teardrop attack.teardrop ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP teardrop attack. illegal command TCP The firewall detected a TCP illegal command attack.Table 81 PPP Logs (continued)LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide218 NetBIOS TCP The firewall detected a TCP NetBIOS attack.ip spoofing - no routing entry [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The firewall classified a packet with no source routing entry as an IP spoofing attack.ip spoofing - no routing entry ICMP (type:%d, code:%d)The firewall classified an ICMP packet with no source routing entry as an IP spoofing attack.vulnerability ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP vulnerability attack.traceroute ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP traceroute attack. Table 85 802.1X LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONRADIUS accepts user. A user was authenticated by the RADIUS Server.RADIUS rejects user. Pls check RADIUS Server. A user was not authenticated by the RADIUS Server. Please check the RADIUS Server.User logout because of session timeout expired. The router logged out a user whose session expired.User logout because of user deassociation. The router logged out a user who ended the session.User logout because of no authentication response from user.The router logged out a user from which there was no authentication response.User logout because of idle timeout expired. The router logged out a user whose idle timeout period expired.User logout because of user request. A user logged out.No response from RADIUS. Pls check RADIUS Server. There is no response message from the RADIUS server, please check the RADIUS server.Use RADIUS to authenticate user. The RADIUS server is operating as the authentication server.No Server to authenticate user. There is no authentication server to authenticate a user.Table 86 ACL Setting NotesPACKET DIRECTION DIRECTION DESCRIPTION(L to W) LAN to WAN ACL set for packets traveling from the LAN to the WAN.(W to L) WAN to LAN ACL set for packets traveling from the WAN to the LAN.Table 84 Attack Logs (continued)LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 219 (L to L/ZyXEL Device) LAN to LAN/ZyXEL Device ACL set for packets traveling from the LAN to the LAN or the ZyXEL Device.(W to W/ZyXEL Device) WAN to WAN/ZyXEL Device ACL set for packets traveling from the WAN to the WAN or the ZyXEL Device.Table 87 ICMP NotesTYPE CODE DESCRIPTION0Echo Reply0Echo reply message3Destination Unreachable0Net unreachable1Host unreachable2Protocol unreachable3Port unreachable4A packet that needed fragmentation was dropped because it was set to Don't Fragment (DF)5Source route failed4Source Quench0A gateway may discard internet datagrams if it does not have the buffer space needed to queue the datagrams for output to the next network on the route to the destination network.5Redirect0Redirect datagrams for the Network1Redirect datagrams for the Host2Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Network3Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Host8Echo0Echo message11 Time Exceeded0Time to live exceeded in transit1Fragment reassembly time exceeded12 Parameter Problem0Pointer indicates the error13 Timestamp0Timestamp request message14 Timestamp Reply0Timestamp reply message15 Information RequestTable 86 ACL Setting Notes (continued)PACKET DIRECTION DIRECTION DESCRIPTION

Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide220 The following table shows RFC-2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays. Please refer to RFC 2408 for detailed information on each type. 0Information request message16 Information Reply0Information reply messageTable 88 Syslog LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION<Facility*8 + Severity>Mon dd hr:mm:ss hostname src="<srcIP:srcPort>" dst="<dstIP:dstPort>" msg="<msg>" note="<note>" devID="<mac address last three numbers>" cat="<category>"This message is sent by the system ("RAS" displays as the system name if you haven’t configured one) when the router generates a syslog. The facility is defined in the web MAIN MENU->LOGS->Log Settings page. The severity is the log’s syslog class. The definition of messages and notes are defined in the various log charts throughout this appendix. The “devID” is the last three characters of the MAC address of the router’s LAN port. The “cat” is the same as the category in the router’s logs.Table 89 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload TypesLOG DISPLAY PAYLOAD TYPESA Security AssociationPROP ProposalTRANS TransformKE Key ExchangeID IdentificationCER CertificateCER_REQ Certificate RequestHASH HashSIG SignatureNONCE NonceNOTFY NotificationDEL DeleteVID Vendor IDTable 87 ICMP Notes (continued)TYPE CODE DESCRIPTION

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 221CHAPTER 21 Tools21.1 OverviewThis chapter explains how to upload new firmware, manage configuration files and restart your ZyXEL Device.Use the instructions in this chapter to change the device’s configuration file or upgrade its firmware. After you configure your device, you can backup the configuration file to a computer. That way if you later misconfigure the device, you can upload the backed up configuration file to return to your previous settings. You can alternately upload the factory default configuration file if you want to return the device to the original default settings. The firmware determines the device’s available features and functionality. You can download new firmware releases from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to use to upgrade your device’s performance.Only use firmware for your device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device.21.1.1 What You Can Do in the Tool Screens•Use the Firmware Upgrade screen (Section 21.2 on page 221) to upload firmware to your device.•Use the Configuration screen (Section 21.3 on page 224) to backup and restore device configurations. You can also reset your device settings back to the factory default.•Use the Restart screen (Section 21.4 on page 227) to restart your ZyXEL device.21.2 The Firmware ScreenClick Maintenance > Tools to open the Firmware screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your ZyXEL Device. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.

Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide222Do NOT turn off the ZyXEL Device while firmware upload is in progress!Figure 102 Maintenance > Tools > FirmwareThe following table describes the labels in this screen. After you see the Firmware Upload in Progress screen, wait two minutes before logging into the ZyXEL Device again. Figure 103 Firmware Upload In ProgressTable 90 Maintenance > Tools > FirmwareLABEL DESCRIPTIONCurrent Firmware VersionThis is the present Firmware version and the date created. File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it.Browse... Click this to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upload Click this to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.

Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 223The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 104 Network Temporarily DisconnectedAfter two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen.Figure 105 Error Message

Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide22421.3 The Configuration Screen Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears in this screen, as shown next.Figure 106 Maintenance > Tools > ConfigurationBackup Configuration Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the ZyXEL Device’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your ZyXEL Device is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Click Backup to save the ZyXEL Device’s current configuration to your computer.

Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 225Restore Configuration Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your ZyXEL Device.Do not turn off the ZyXEL Device while configuration file upload is in progress.After you see a “restore configuration successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the ZyXEL Device again. Figure 107 Configuration Upload SuccessfulThe ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 108 Network Temporarily DisconnectedIf you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix A on page 247 for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.Table 91 Restore ConfigurationLABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it.Browse... Click this to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Upload Click this to begin the upload process.

Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide226If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Configuration screen. Figure 109 Configuration Upload ErrorReset to Factory Defaults Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears.Figure 110 Reset Warning MessageFigure 111 Reset In Process MessageYou can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your ZyXEL Device. Refer to Section 1.7 on page 26 for more information on the RESET button.

Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 22721.4 The Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device remotely without turning the power off. You may need to do this if the ZyXEL Device hangs, for example.Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the ZyXEL Device reboot. This does not affect the ZyXEL Device's configuration. Figure 112 Maintenance > Tools >Restart

Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide228

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 229CHAPTER 22 Diagnostic22.1 OverviewThese read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXEL Device.22.1.1 What You Can Do in the Diagnostic Screens•Use the General screen (Section 22.2 on page 229) to ping an IP address.•Use the DSL Line screen (Section 22.3 on page 230) to view the DSL line statistics and reset the ADSL line.22.2 The General Screen Use this screen to ping an IP address. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic to open the screen shown next.Figure 113 Maintenance > Diagnostic > General

Chapter 22 DiagnosticP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide230The following table describes the fields in this screen. 22.3 The DSL Line Screen Use this screen to view the DSL line statistics and reset the ADSL line. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line to open the screen shown next.Figure 114 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL LineTable 92 Maintenance > Diagnostic > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONTCP/IP Address Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection.Ping Click this to ping the IP address that you entered.

Chapter 22 DiagnosticP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 231The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 93 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL LineLABEL DESCRIPTIONATM Status Click this to view your DSL connection’s Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) statistics. ATM is a networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed. The (Segmentation and Reassembly) SAR driver translates packets into ATM cells. It also receives ATM cells and reassembles them into packets.These counters are set back to zero whenever the device starts up.inPkts is the number of good ATM cells that have been received.inDiscards is the number of received ATM cells that were rejected.outPkts is the number of ATM cells that have been sent.outDiscards is the number of ATM cells sent that were rejected.inF4Pkts is the number of ATM Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) F4 cells that have been received. See ITU recommendation I.610 for more on OAM for ATM.outF4Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F4 cells that have been sent. inF5Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F5 cells that have been received.outF5Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F5 cells that have been sent.openChan is the number of times that the ZyXEL Device has opened a logical DSL channel.closeChan is the number of times that the ZyXEL Device has closed a logical DSL channel.txRate is the number of bytes transmitted per second.rxRate is the number of bytes received per second.ATM Loopback Test Click this to start the ATM loopback test. Make sure you have configured at least one PVC with proper VPIs/VCIs before you begin this test. The ZyXEL Device sends an OAM F5 packet to the DSLAM/ATM switch and then returns it (loops it back) to the ZyXEL Device. The ATM loopback test is useful for troubleshooting problems with the DSLAM and ATM network.

Chapter 22 DiagnosticP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide232DSL Line Status Click this to view statistics about the DSL connections.noise margin downstream is the signal to noise ratio for the downstream part of the connection (coming into the ZyXEL Device from the ISP). It is measured in decibels. The higher the number the more signal and less noise there is. output power upstream is the amount of power (in decibels) that the ZyXEL Device is using to transmit to the ISP.attenuation downstream is the reduction in amplitude (in decibels) of the DSL signal coming into the ZyXEL Device from the ISP.Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation divides up a line’s bandwidth into sub-carriers (sub-channels) of 4.3125 KHz each called tones. The rest of the display is the line’s bit allocation. This is displayed as the number (in hexadecimal format) of bits transmitted for each tone. This can be used to determine the quality of the connection, whether a given sub-carrier loop has sufficient margins to support certain ADSL transmission rates, and possibly to determine whether particular specific types of interference or line attenuation exist. Refer to the ITU-T G.992.1 recommendation for more information on DMT. The better (or shorter) the line, the higher the number of bits transmitted for a DMT tone. The maximum number of bits that can be transmitted per DMT tone is 15. There will be some tones without any bits as there has to be space between the upstream and downstream channels. Reset ADSL Line Click this to reinitialize the ADSL line. The large text box above then displays the progress and results of this operation, for example:"Start to reset ADSLLoading ADSL modem F/W...Reset ADSL Line Successfully!"Capture All Logs Click this to display information and statistics about your ZyXEL Device’s ATM statistics, DSL connection statistics, DHCP settings, firmware version, WAN and gateway IP address, VPI/VCI and LAN IP address.Table 93 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 233CHAPTER 23 TroubleshootingThis chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. •Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs•ZyXEL Device Access and Login•Internet Access23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDsThe ZyXEL Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.1Make sure the ZyXEL Device is turned on. 2Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the ZyXEL Device.3Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the ZyXEL Device and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.4Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on.5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.6 on page 25.

Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2342Check the hardware connections.3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.4Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on.5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.23.2 ZyXEL Device Access and LoginI forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device.1The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the ZyXEL Device by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the ZyXEL Device (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser.3If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page 26.I forgot the password.1The default admin password is 1234.2If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page 26.I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.

Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 235• If you changed the IP address (Section 7.2 on page 91), use the new IP address.• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device.2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide.3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix C on page 281.4Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the ZyXEL Device with the default IP address. See Section 1.7 on page 26.5If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced Suggestions• Try to access the ZyXEL Device using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the ZyXEL Device, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the ZyXEL Device does not respond to HTTP. • If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a ETHERNET port.I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the ZyXEL Device.1Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default admin password is 1234. The field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the ZyXEL Device. Log out of the ZyXEL Device in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out. 3Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 4If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.1 on page 233.I cannot Telnet to the ZyXEL Device.See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.

Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide236I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware.See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.23.3 Internet AccessI cannot access the Internet.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.6 on page 25.2Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 3If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP.4If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure you enabled the wireless LAN and have selected the correct country and channel in which your ZyXEL Device operates in the Wireless LAN > AP screen.5Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 6If the problem continues, contact your ISP. I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the ZyXEL Device), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.6 on page 25.2Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on.3If the problem continues, contact your ISP.

Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 237The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.1There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.6 on page 25. If the ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. 2Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving your computer closer to the ZyXEL Device if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).3Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 4If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced Suggestions• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications.

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P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 239CHAPTER 24 Product SpecificationsThe following tables summarize the ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features.24.1 Hardware Specifications24.2 Firmware SpecificationsTable 94 Hardware SpecificationsDimensions 133 x 61 x 163 mmWeight 215gPower Specification 12VDC 1ABuilt-in Switch Four auto-negotiating, auto MDI/MDI-X 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet portsADSL Port 1 RJ-11 FXS POTS portRESET Button Restores factory defaultsAntenna 1 internal antenna, 3.5dBiWPS Button 1 second: turn on or off WLAN5 seconds: enable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)Operation Temperature 0º C ~ 40º CStorage Temperature -20º ~ 60º COperation Humidity 20% ~ 90% RHStorage Humidity 20% ~ 90% RHTable 95 Firmware Specifications Default IP Address 192.168.1.1Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)

Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide240Default Admin Password 1234DHCP Server IP Pool 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.64 Static DHCP Addresses 10URL Filtering URL web page blockingStatic Routes 16Device Management Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the ZyXEL Device.Wireless Functionality(wireless devices only)Allow the IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless clients to connect to the ZyXEL Device wirelessly. Enable wireless security (WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Firmware Upgrade Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the web configurator to put it on the ZyXEL Device.Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!Configuration Backup & Restoration Make a copy of the ZyXEL Device’s configuration. You can put it back on the ZyXEL Device later if you decide to revert back to an earlier configuration.Network Address Translation (NAT) Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert your public IP address(es) to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network.Port Forwarding If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, you can use this feature to let people access it from the Internet.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)Use this feature to have the ZyXEL Device assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network. Your device can also act as a surrogate DHCP server (DHCP Relay) where it relays IP address assignment from the actual real DHCP server to the clients.Dynamic DNS Support With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.IP Multicast IP multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The ZyXEL Device supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236).Time and Date Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your ZyXEL Device. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.Logs Use logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from the ZyXEL Device to an external syslog server.Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) A UPnP-enabled device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address and convey its capabilities to other devices on the network.Table 95 Firmware Specifications (continued)

Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 241Firewall Your device has a stateful inspection firewall with DoS (Denial of Service) protection. By default, when the firewall is activated, all incoming traffic from the WAN to the LAN is blocked unless it is initiated from the LAN. The firewall supports TCP/UDP inspection, DoS detection and prevention, real time alerts, reports and logs.URL Filtering URL filtering allows you to block access to Internet web sites of certain URL that you specify.QoS (Quality of Service) You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers.Remote Management This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or FTP traffic for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the ZyXEL Device.PPPoE Support (RFC2516) PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) emulates a dial-up connection. It allows your ISP to use their existing network configuration with newer broadband technologies such as ADSL. The PPPoE driver on your device is transparent to the computers on the LAN, which see only Ethernet and are not aware of PPPoE thus saving you from having to manage PPPoE clients on individual computers.Other PPPoE Features PPPoE idle time outPPPoE dial on demandMultiple PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuits) SupportYour device supports up to 8 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs).IP Alias IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. Your device supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the your device itself as the gateway for each LAN network.Packet Filters Your device’s packet filtering function allows added network security and management.Table 95 Firmware Specifications (continued)

Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide242ADSL Standards Support Multi-Mode standard (ANSI T1.413, Issue 2; G.dmt (G.992.1); G.lite (G992.2))EOC specified in ITU-T G.992.1ADSL2 G.dmt.bis (G.992.3)ADSL2 G.lite.bis (G.992.4)ADSL2+ (G.992.5)Reach Extended ADSL (RE ADSL)SRA (Seamless Rate Adaptation)Auto-negotiating rate adaptationADSL physical connection ATM AAL5 (ATM Adaptation Layer type 5)Support multi-protocol over AAL5 (RFC2684/1483)Support PPP over ATM AAL5 (RFC2364)PPP over Ethernet support for DSL connection (RFC 2516)Support VC-based and LLC-based multiplexing Support up to 8 PVCsI.610 F4/F5 OAMTR-067/TR-100 supportedTable 95 Firmware Specifications (continued)

Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 24324.3 Wireless Features Other Protocol Support SIP pass-throughDNS ProxyDynamic DNS (www.dyndns.org)IP AliasDHCP client/server/relayRIP I/ RIP II supportedSupport 16 IP Static routes by GatewayIGMP v1 and v2 IP Policy RoutingUPnP support Transparent bridging, VLAN-tagging pass-through bridge modeStatic DHCPManagement Embedded Web Configurator(remove webhelp)SNMP v1 & v2c with MIB IIRemote Management Control: Telnet, FTP, and Web.TR-069 HTTPSMTU adjustable on WebGUISMTTable 95 Firmware Specifications (continued)Table 96 Wireless FeaturesInternal Antenna The ZyXEL Device is equipped with one internal antenna to provide a clear radio signal between the wireless stations and the access points.Wireless LAN MAC Address Filtering Your device can check the MAC addresses of wireless stations against a list of allowed or denied MAC addresses.WEP Encryption WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network to help keep network communications private.Wi-Fi Protected Access Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i security standard. Key differences between WPA and WEP are user authentication and improved data encryption.WPA2 WPA 2 is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA.

Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide244The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the ZyXEL Device.WMM QoS WMM (Wi-Fi MultiMedia) QoS (Quality of Service) allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services.Other Wireless Features WDS(wireless client: G-570S v2)IEEE 802.11n ComplianceFrequency Range:2.4 GHzAdvanced Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)Data Rates:150Mbps and Auto FallbackEIRP: 22dBmWired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Data Encryption 64/128WLAN bridge to LAN32 MAC Address filterWPA, WPA-PSK, WPA2, WPA2-PSKWPSIEEE 802.1x (EAP-MD5, TLS and TTLS)WMMWDSMulti BSSID (4 BSSIDs)Wireless SchedulingTable 97 Standards Supported STANDARD DESCRIPTIONRFC 867 Daytime ProtocolRFC 868 Time Protocol.RFC 1058 RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol)RFC 1112 IGMP v1RFC 1305 Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3)RFC 1483 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5RFC 1631 IP Network Address Translator (NAT)RFC 1661 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)RFC 1723 RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol)RFC 2236 Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2.RFC 2364 PPP over AAL5 (PPP over ATM over ADSL)RFC 2408 Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)Table 96 Wireless Features

Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide24624.4 Power Adaptor SpecificationsTable 98 ZyXEL Device Series Power Adaptor SpecificationsNORTH AMERICAN PLUG STANDARDSAC Power Adapter Model 12V 1A SOCB PAInput Power AC 120Volts/60HzOutput Power DC 12Volts/1.0APower Consumption 7.7 Watt maxSafety Standards ANSI/UL 60950-1, CSA 60950-1EUROPEAN PLUG STANDARDSAC Power Adapter ModelInput Power AC 230Volts/50HzOutput Power DC 12Volts/1.0APower Consumption 8.3 Watt maxSafety Standards CE, GS or TUV, EN60950-1

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 247APPENDIX A Setting up Your Computer’s IPAddressAll computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/Vista, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems.After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network. If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device’s LAN port.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide248Windows 95/98/MeClick Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window.Figure 115 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: ConfigurationInstalling ComponentsThe Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks.If you need the adapter:1In the Network window, click Add.2Select Adapter and then click Add.3Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.If you need TCP/IP:1In the Network window, click Add.2Select Protocol and then click Add.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 2493Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK.If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:1Click Add.2Select Client and then click Add.3Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK.5Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.Configuring 1In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click Properties2Click the IP Address tab.• If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. • If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields.Figure 116 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2503Click the DNS Configuration tab.• If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.• If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in).Figure 117 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration4Click the Gateway tab.• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways.• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add.5Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window.6Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.7Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer when prompted.Verifying Settings1Click Start and then Run.2In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration window.3Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 251Windows 2000/NT/XPThe following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme.1Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel.Figure 118 Windows XP: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000/NT).Figure 119 Windows XP: Control Panel

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2523Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.Figure 120 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties4Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties.Figure 121 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP).

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 253• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. •Click Advanced.Figure 122 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.•Click Add. • Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide254•Click OK when finished.Figure 123 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties7In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):•Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 255If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.Figure 124 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.9Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000/NT).11 Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying Settings1Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.Windows VistaThis section shows screens from Windows Vista Enterprise Version 6.0.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2561Click the Start icon, Control Panel.Figure 125 Windows Vista: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, double-click Network and Internet.Figure 126 Windows Vista: Control Panel3Click Network and Sharing Center.Figure 127 Windows Vista: Network And Internet

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 2574Click Manage network connections.Figure 128 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center5Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.Figure 129 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2586Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.Figure 130 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties7The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens (the General tab).• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 259•Click Advanced.Figure 131 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties8 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.•Click Add. • Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide260•Click OK when finished.Figure 132 Windows Vista: Advanced TCP/IP Properties9In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window, (the General tab):•Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 261If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.Figure 133 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties10 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window.11 Click Close to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.12 Close the Network Connections window.13 Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying Settings1Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide262Macintosh OS 8/9 1Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control Panel.Figure 134 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 2632Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.Figure 135 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.4For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure box, select Manually.• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.• Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the Router address box.5Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.6Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.7Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide264Macintosh OS X1Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window.Figure 136 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu2Click Network in the icon bar. • Select Automatic from the Location list.• Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. •Click the TCP/IP tab.3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.Figure 137 Macintosh OS X: Network4For statically assigned settings, do the following:

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 265•From the Configure box, select Manually.• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.• Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the Router address box.5Click Apply Now and close the window.6Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.Linux This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release version. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Using the K Desktop Environment (KDE)Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address using the KDE. 1Click the Red Hat button (located on the bottom left corner), select System Setting and click Network.Figure 138 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 2676Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click Yes to save the changes in all screens.Figure 141 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate 7After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is Active in the Network Configuration screen.Using Configuration FilesFollow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address. 1Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the ifconfig-eth0 configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with any plain text editor.• If you have a dynamic IP address, enter dhcp in the BOOTPROTO= field. The following figure shows an example. Figure 142 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 DEVICE=eth0ONBOOT=yesBOOTPROTO=dhcpUSERCTL=noPEERDNS=yesTYPE=Ethernet

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide268• If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR= followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK= followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Figure 143 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 2If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the resolv.conf file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP addresses are specified.Figure 144 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf 3After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Enter ./network restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure shows an example.Figure 145 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card DEVICE=eth0ONBOOT=yesBOOTPROTO=staticIPADDR=192.168.1.10NETMASK=255.255.255.0USERCTL=noPEERDNS=yesTYPE=Ethernetnameserver 172.23.5.1nameserver 172.23.5.2[root@localhost init.d]# network restartShutting down interface eth0: [OK]Shutting down loopback interface: [OK]Setting network parameters: [OK]Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]Bringing up interface eth0: [OK]

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 269Verifying SettingsEnter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties. Figure 146 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties [root@localhost]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44 inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb) Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000 [root@localhost]#

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide270

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 271APPENDIX B IP Addresses and SubnettingThis appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.Introduction to IP AddressesOne part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.StructureAn IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide272The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.Figure 147 Network Number and Host IDHow much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet MasksA subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).Table 99 Subnet Masks1ST OCTET:(192)2ND OCTET:(168)3RD OCTET:(1)4TH OCTET(2)IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001Host ID 00000010

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 273By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Network SizeThe size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:Table 100 Subnet MasksBINARYDECIMAL1ST OCTET 2ND OCTET 3RD OCTET 4TH OCTET8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.016-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.024-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.029-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248Table 101 Maximum Host NumbersSUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 224 – 2 1677721416 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 216 – 2 6553424 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 28 – 2 25429 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits 23 – 2 6

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide274NotationSince the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. SubnettingYou can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.Table 102 Alternative Subnet Mask NotationSUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE NOTATION LAST OCTET (BINARY) LAST OCTET (DECIMAL)255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 275The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 148 Subnetting Example: Before SubnettingYou can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B. Figure 149 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide276In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). Table 103 Subnet 1IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62Table 104 Subnet 2IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 64IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 277Example: Eight SubnetsSimilarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.Table 105 Subnet 3IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 128IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190Table 106 Subnet 4IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 192IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254Table 107 Eight SubnetsSUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESS BROADCAST ADDRESS1 0 1 30 31232 33 62 63364 65 94 95496 97 126 1275128 129 158 1596160 161 190 1917192 193 222 2238224 225 254 255

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide278Subnet PlanningThe following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. Configuring IP AddressesWhere you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP Table 108 24-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.255.128 (/25) 21262255.255.255.192 (/26) 4623255.255.255.224 (/27) 8304255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 145255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 66255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 27255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1Table 109 16-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.128.0 (/17) 2327662255.255.192.0 (/18) 4163823255.255.224.0 (/19) 881904255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 40945255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 20466255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 10227255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 5108255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 2549255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 12610 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 6211 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 3012 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 1413 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 614 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 215 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 279addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the ZyXEL Device. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your ZyXEL Device that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.Private IP AddressesEvery machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.

Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide280

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 281APPENDIX C Pop-up Windows, JavaScriptsand Java PermissionsIn order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.• JavaScripts (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default).Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.Internet Explorer Pop-up BlockersYou may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.Disable Pop-up Blockers1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 150 Pop-up BlockerYou can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2821In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.2Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 151 Internet Options: Privacy3Click Apply to save this setting.Enable Pop-up Blockers with ExceptionsAlternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 2832Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.Figure 152 Internet Options: Privacy3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2844Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.Figure 153 Pop-up Blocker Settings5Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScriptsIf pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed.

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 2851In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 154 Internet Options: Security 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Scripting. 4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2866Click OK to close the window.Figure 155 Security Settings - Java ScriptingJava Permissions1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 2875Click OK to close the window.Figure 156 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun)1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2883Click OK to close the window.Figure 157 Java (Sun)Mozilla FirefoxMozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary. You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears.Figure 158 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > Options

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 289Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.Figure 159 Mozilla Firefox Content Security

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide290

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 291APPENDIX D Wireless LANsWireless LAN TopologiesThis section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.Ad-hoc Wireless LAN ConfigurationThe simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 160 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc NetworkBSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide292with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.Figure 161 Basic Service SetESSAn Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 293An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.Figure 162 Infrastructure WLANChannelA channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.RTS/CTSA hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide294hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. Figure 163 RTS/CTSWhen station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 295Fragmentation ThresholdA Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.Preamble TypePreamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications.Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the ZyXEL Device uses long preamble.Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.IEEE 802.11g Wireless LANIEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide296several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:Wireless Security OverviewWireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network.Wireless security methods available on the ZyXEL Device are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the ZyXEL Device identity.The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your ZyXEL Device.Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the ZyXEL Device and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. Table 110 IEEE 802.11gDATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Table 111 Wireless Security LevelsSECURITY LEVEL SECURITY TYPELeast Secure Most SecureUnique SSID (Default)Unique SSID with Hide SSID EnabledMAC Address FilteringWEP EncryptionIEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server AuthenticationWi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)WPA2

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide298• Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:•Accounting-RequestSent by the access point requesting accounting.• Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. .For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text.

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 299However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.LEAPLEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide300Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeThe AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled.Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeFor added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.WPA and WPA2Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication.If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. Table 112 Comparison of EAP Authentication TypesEAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAPMutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes YesCertificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional NoCertificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes NoDynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes YesCredential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong ModerateDeployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate ModerateClient Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 301If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.Encryption WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but offers stronger encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP).TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide302keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again.Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.Wireless Client WPA SupplicantsA wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleTo set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly.3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client.

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 3034The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.Figure 164 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleWPA(2)-PSK Application ExampleA WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches.3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide3044The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them.Figure 165 WPA(2)-PSK AuthenticationSecurity Parameters SummaryRefer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.Table 113 Wireless Security Relational MatrixAUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLENCRYPTION METHOD ENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1XOpen None No DisableEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyOpen WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableShared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableWPA TKIP/AES No EnableWPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes DisableWPA2 TKIP/AES No EnableWPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 305Antenna OverviewAn antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna CharacteristicsFrequencyAn antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LANRadiation PatternA radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area. Antenna GainAntenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLANThere are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.

Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide306• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. • Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.Positioning AntennasIn general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 307APPENDIX E ServicesThe following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers.•Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like.•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol.•If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.•If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used.

Appendix E ServicesP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide308Table 114 Examples of ServicesNAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTIONAH (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service.AIM TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service.AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers.BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.CU-SEEME TCP/UDPTCP/UDP 764824032A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software.DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for instance www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.FTP TCPTCP2021File Transfer Protocol, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web.HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce.ICMP User-Defined 1Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic purposes.ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined 2Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.IMAP4 TCP 143 The Internet Message Access Protocol is used for e-mail.IMAP4S TCP 993 This is a more secure version of IMAP4 that runs over SSL.IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat program.

Appendix E ServicesP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 309MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. NetBIOS TCP/UDPTCP/UDPTCP/UDPTCP/UDP137138139445The Network Basic Input/Output System is used for communication between computers in a LAN.NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.PING User-Defined 1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).POP3S TCP 995 This is a more secure version of POP3 that runs over SSL.PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.ROADRUNNER TCP/UDP 1026 This is an ISP that provides services mainly for cable modems.RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. Table 114 Examples of Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION

Appendix E ServicesP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide310SFTP TCP 115 The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an old way of transferring files between computers.SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.SMTPS TCP 465 This is a more secure version of SMTP that runs over SSL.SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.SSDP UDP 1900 The Simple Service Discovery Protocol supports Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System).TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.VDOLIVE TCPUDP7000user-definedA videoconferencing solution. The UDP port number is specified in the application.Table 114 Examples of Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION

P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 311APPENDIX F Legal InformationCopyrightCopyright © 2010 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.DisclaimerZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.TrademarksZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference StatementThe device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:• This device may not cause harmful interference.

Appendix F Legal InformationP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide312• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Radiation Exposure Statement• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. • To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. 注意 !依據低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。第十四條低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。

Appendix F Legal InformationP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 313本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。減少電磁波影響，請妥適使用。 Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.Viewing Certifications1Go to http://www.zyxel.com.2Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.3Select the certification you wish to view from this page.ZyXEL Limited WarrantyZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.NoteRepair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or

Appendix F Legal InformationP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide314purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country.RegistrationRegister your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 315IndexNumerics802.1p 175, 176802.1Q/1P 165activation 166group settings 168port settings 169priority 165PVC 166PVID 170tagging frames 166, 169Aactivation802.1Q/1P 166CWMP 204dynamic DNS 180DYNDNS wildcard 180firewalls 153MAC address filter 112NAT 137port forwarding 141QoS 173, 174SIP ALG 145SPI 153SSID 113UPnP 193wireless LAN 106scheduling 119WPS 115address mapping 142rules 144types 143, 144, 148administrator password 30, 208alerts 211alternative subnet mask notation 274antennadirectional 306gain 305omni-directional 306AP (access point) 293application filter 157applications, NAT 148Asynchronous Transfer Mode, see ATMATM 231MBS 78, 83PCR 78, 83QoS 78, 83, 87SCR 78, 83status 231authentication 122, 124RADIUS server 124WPA 110Bbackupconfiguration 224Basic Service Set, See BSS 291Basic Service Set, see BSSbroadcast 74BSS 125, 291example 126CCA 299CBR 78, 83, 87Certificate AuthoritySee CA.certifications 311notices 313viewing 313channel 293interference 293channel, wireless LAN 121CLI 21client list 94

IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide316Command Line Interface, see CLIcompatibility, WDS 117configurationbackup 224CWMP 204DHCP 93firewalls 153IP alias 96IP precedence 174IP/MAC filter 159logs 211port forwarding 139reset 226restoring 225static route 163WAN 75wireless LAN 105wizard 62connectionnailed-up 82, 86on demand 82copyright 311CPE WAN Management Protocol, see CWMPCTS (Clear to Send) 294CTS threshold 110, 122CWMP 203activation 204configuration 204Ddata fragment threshold 110, 122DDoS 152default server, NAT 138, 140Denials of Service, see DoSDHCP 90, 93, 98diagnostic 229DiffServ Code Point, see DSCPdisclaimer 311DNS 90, 94, 98, 188Domain Name System, see DNSDoS 151DSCP 174DSL connections, status 232dynamic DNS 179activation 180wildcard 179activation 180Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, see DHCPdynamic WEP key exchange 300DYNDNS wildcard 179activation 180EEAP Authentication 298encapsulation 73, 76, 81ENET ENCAP 84PPPoA 84PPPoE 84RFC 1483 84encryption 106, 124, 301WEP 107key 108WPA 109authentication 110reauthentication 109WPA-PSK 108pre-shared key 108ENET ENCAP 76, 81, 84ESS 292Extended Service Set, See ESS 292FFCC interference statement 311filters 155application 157IP/MAC 158structure 155IP/MAC filterconfiguration 159MAC address 112, 123activation 112URL 155, 156firewalls 151configuration 153DDoS 152DoS 151

IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 317LAND attack 152Ping of Death 152status 37SYN attack 151firmware 221version 36forwarding ports 136, 138activation 141configuration 139example 139rules 141fragmentation threshold 110, 122, 295FTP 21, 185Hhidden node 293IIANA 279Internet Assigned Numbers Authoritysee IANAIBSS 291ICMP 189IEEE 802.11g 295IGA 146IGMP 74, 90, 92, 101ILA 146Independent Basic Service SetSee IBSS 291initialization vector (IV) 301Inside Global Address, see IGAInside Local Address, see ILAInternet Group Multicast Protocol, see IGMPIP address 74, 76, 81, 85, 90, 99default server 138, 140ping 229private 100IP alias 95configuration 96NAT applications 148IP precedence 175, 177configuration 174IP/MAC filter 158configuration 159structure 155LLAN 89client list 94DHCP 90, 93, 98DNS 90, 94, 98IGMP 90, 101IP address 90, 91, 99IP alias 95configuration 96MAC address 95multicast 90, 92, 101RIP 90, 92, 97, 100status 36subnet mask 90, 91, 99LAND attack 152LEDs 25limitationswireless LAN 125WPS 133Local Area Network, see LANlogin 29passwords 30logs 211alerts 211settings 211MMAC address 95, 112filter 104, 106, 112, 123MAC address filteractivation 112Management Information Base (MIB) 187mapping address 142rules 144types 143, 144, 148Maximum Burst Size, see MBSMaximum Transmission Unit, see MTU

IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide318MBS 78, 83, 87MBSSID 126MTU 78, 83multicast 74, 78, 90, 92, 101IGMPInternet Group Multicast Protocol, see IGMPMultiple BSS, see MBSSIDmultiplexing 76, 81, 85LLC-based 85VC-based 85Nnailed-up connection 77, 82, 86NAT 82, 135, 136, 146, 279activation 137address mapping 142rules 144types 143, 144, 148applications 148IP alias 148default server IP address 138, 140example 147global 146IGA 146ILA 146inside 146local 146outside 146P2P 137port forwarding 136, 138activation 141configuration 139example 139rules 141remote management 183SIP ALG 145activation 145SUA 136, 137Network Address Translationsee NATNetwork Address Translation, see NATPP2P 137Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 301, 303passwords 30administrator 208PBC 128PCR 78, 83, 86Peak Cell Rate, see PCRPIN, WPS 116, 117, 128example 130Ping of Death 152port forwarding 136, 138activation 141configuration 139example 139rules 141PPPoA 76, 81, 84PPPoE 76, 81, 84preamble 111, 122preamble mode 295pre-shared key 108private IP address 100product registration 314PSK 301push button 24, 117Push Button Configuration, see PBCpush button, WPS 128PVC 166PVID 170QQoS 171802.1p 175, 176activation 173, 174DSCP 174example 171IP precedence 175, 177priority queue 177Quality of Service, see QoS

IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 319RRADIUS 297message types 297messages 297shared secret key 298RADIUS server 124reauthentication, WPA 109registrationproduct 314related documentation 3remote management 181DNS 188FTP 185ICMP 189limitations 182NAT 183Telnet 184WWW 183reset 26, 226restart 227restoring configuration 225RFC 1483 76, 81, 84RIP 78, 90, 92, 97, 100Routing Information Protocol, see RIPRTS (Request To Send) 294threshold 293, 294RTS threshold 110, 122rules, port forwarding 141Ssafety warnings 7scheduleswireless LAN 119SCR 78, 83, 87securitywireless LAN 106, 122Security Parameter Index, see SPIService Set IDentifier, see SSIDsetupDHCP 93firewalls 153IP alias 96IP precedenceQoSIP precedence 174IP/MAC filter 159logs 211port forwarding 139static route 163WAN 75wireless LAN 105wizard 62shaping traffic 86, 87Simple Network Management Protocol, see SNMPSingle User Account, see SUASIP ALG 145activation 145SNMP 186agents 187Manager 187managers 187MIB 187network components 187versions 186SPI 152activation 153SSID 104, 106, 114, 123activation 113MBSSID 126static route 161configuration 163example 161status 32, 35, 38ATM 231DSL connections 232firewalls 37firmware version 36LAN 36WAN 36wireless LAN 36WPS 116SUA 136, 137subnet 271subnet mask 90, 99, 272subnetting 274Sustain Cell Rate, see SCRSYN attack 151syntax conventions 5system 207

IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide320firmware 221version 36LED 25passwords 30administrator 208reset 26status 32, 35firewalls 37LAN 36WAN 36wireless LAN 36time 208Ttagging frames 166, 169Telnet 184thresholdsdata fragment 110, 122RTS/CTS 110, 122time 208TR-069 22trademarks 311traffic priority 165traffic shaping 86example 87UUBR 78, 83, 88unicast 74Universal Plug and Play, see UPnPupgrading firmware 221UPnP 191activation 193cautions 192example 194installation 194NAT traversal 191URL 155URL filter 156URL 155VVBR 87VBR-nRT 78, 83, 88VBR-RT 78, 83, 88VCI 76, 81, 85Virtual Channel Identifier, see VCIVirtual Local Area Network, see VLANVirtual Path Identifier, see VPIVLAN 165802.1P priority 165activation 166group settings 168port settings 169PVC 166PVID 170tagging frames 166, 169VPI 76, 81, 85WWAN 73ATM QoS 78, 83, 87encapsulation 73, 76, 81IGMP 74IP address 74, 76, 81, 85mode 76, 81MTU 78, 83multicast 74, 78multiplexing 76, 81, 85nailed-up connection 77, 82, 86NAT 82RIP 78setup 75status 36traffic shaping 86example 87VCI 76, 81, 85VPI 76, 81, 85warranty 313note 313WDS 117, 127compatibility 117example 127web configurator 21, 29login 29

IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide 321passwords 30WEP 107, 125key 108Wide Area Network, see WANWi-Fi Protected Access 300WiFi Protected Setup, see WPSwireless client WPA supplicants 302Wireless Distribution System, see WDSwireless LAN 103, 120activation 106authentication 122, 124BSS 125example 126channel 121configuration 105encryption 106, 124example 120fragmentation threshold 110, 122limitations 125MAC address filter 104, 106, 112, 123MBSSID 126preamble 111, 122RADIUS server 124RTS/CTS threshold 110, 122scheduling 119security 122SSID 104, 106, 114, 123activation 113status 36WDS 117, 127compatibility 117example 127WEP 107, 125key 108wizard 68WPA 109, 125authentication 110reauthentication 109WPA-PSK 108, 125pre-shared key 108WPS 115, 127, 130activation 115adding stations 117example 132limitations 133PIN 116, 117, 128push button 24, 117, 128status 116wireless security 296Wireless tutorial 41wizard 59configuration 62wireless LAN 68WLANinterference 293security parameters 304WPA 109, 125, 300authentication 110key caching 302pre-authentication 302reauthentication 109user authentication 302vs WPA-PSK 301wireless client supplicant 302with RADIUS application example 302WPA2 300user authentication 302vs WPA2-PSK 301wireless client supplicant 302with RADIUS application example 302WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 300WPA2-PSK 300, 301application example 303WPA-PSK 108, 125, 301application example 303pre-shared key 108WPS 115, 127, 130activation 115adding stations 117example 132limitations 133PIN 116, 117, 128example 130push button 24, 117, 128status 116

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