ZyXEL Communications P660NT1A 802.11n Wireless ADSL2+ Gateway User Manual SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004
ZyXEL Communications Corporation 802.11n Wireless ADSL2+ Gateway SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004
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user manual 2
Chapter 21 Tools Backup Configuration Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the ZyXEL Device’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your ZyXEL Device is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Click Backup to save the ZyXEL Device’s current configuration to your computer. Restore Configuration Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your ZyXEL Device. Table 90 Restore Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it. Browse... Click this to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Upload Click this to begin the upload process. Do not turn off the ZyXEL Device while configuration file upload is in progress. After you see a “restore configuration successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the ZyXEL Device again. Figure 107 Configuration Upload Successful P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 221 Chapter 21 Tools The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 108 Network Temporarily Disconnected If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix A on page 243 for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address. If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Configuration screen. Figure 109 Configuration Upload Error 222 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Chapter 21 Tools Reset to Factory Defaults Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears. Figure 110 Reset Warning Message Figure 111 Reset In Process Message You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your ZyXEL Device. Refer to Section 1.6 on page 26 for more information on the RESET button. 21.4 The Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device remotely without turning the power off. You may need to do this if the ZyXEL Device hangs, for example. Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the ZyXEL Device reboot. This does not affect the ZyXEL Device's configuration. Figure 112 Maintenance > Tools >Restart P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 223 Chapter 21 Tools 224 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide CHAPTER 22 Diagnostic 22.1 Overview These read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXEL Device. 22.1.1 What You Can Do in the Diagnostic Screens • Use the General Diagnostic screen (Section 22.2 on page 225) to ping an IP address. • Use the DSL Line Diagnostic screen (Section 22.3 on page 226) to view the DSL line statistics and reset the ADSL line. 22.2 The General Diagnostic Screen Use this screen to ping an IP address. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic to open the screen shown next. Figure 113 Maintenance > Diagnostic > General P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 225 Chapter 22 Diagnostic The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 91 Maintenance > Diagnostic > General LABEL DESCRIPTION TCP/IP Address Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection. Ping Click this to ping the IP address that you entered. 22.3 The DSL Line Diagnostic Screen Use this screen to view the DSL line statistics and reset the ADSL line. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line to open the screen shown next. Figure 114 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line 226 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Chapter 22 Diagnostic The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 92 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line LABEL DESCRIPTION ATM Status Click this to view your DSL connection’s Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) statistics. ATM is a networking technology that provides highspeed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed. The (Segmentation and Reassembly) SAR driver translates packets into ATM cells. It also receives ATM cells and reassembles them into packets. These counters are set back to zero whenever the device starts up. inPkts is the number of good ATM cells that have been received. inDiscards is the number of received ATM cells that were rejected. outPkts is the number of ATM cells that have been sent. outDiscards is the number of ATM cells sent that were rejected. inF4Pkts is the number of ATM Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) F4 cells that have been received. See ITU recommendation I.610 for more on OAM for ATM. outF4Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F4 cells that have been sent. inF5Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F5 cells that have been received. outF5Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F5 cells that have been sent. openChan is the number of times that the ZyXEL Device has opened a logical DSL channel. closeChan is the number of times that the ZyXEL Device has closed a logical DSL channel. txRate is the number of bytes transmitted per second. rxRate is the number of bytes received per second. ATM Loopback Test P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Click this to start the ATM loopback test. Make sure you have configured at least one PVC with proper VPIs/VCIs before you begin this test. The ZyXEL Device sends an OAM F5 packet to the DSLAM/ATM switch and then returns it (loops it back) to the ZyXEL Device. The ATM loopback test is useful for troubleshooting problems with the DSLAM and ATM network. 227 Chapter 22 Diagnostic Table 92 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION DSL Line Status Click this to view statistics about the DSL connections. noise margin downstream is the signal to noise ratio for the downstream part of the connection (coming into the ZyXEL Device from the ISP). It is measured in decibels. The higher the number the more signal and less noise there is. output power upstream is the amount of power (in decibels) that the ZyXEL Device is using to transmit to the ISP. attenuation downstream is the reduction in amplitude (in decibels) of the DSL signal coming into the ZyXEL Device from the ISP. Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation divides up a line’s bandwidth into sub-carriers (sub-channels) of 4.3125 KHz each called tones. The rest of the display is the line’s bit allocation. This is displayed as the number (in hexadecimal format) of bits transmitted for each tone. This can be used to determine the quality of the connection, whether a given sub-carrier loop has sufficient margins to support certain ADSL transmission rates, and possibly to determine whether particular specific types of interference or line attenuation exist. Refer to the ITU-T G.992.1 recommendation for more information on DMT. The better (or shorter) the line, the higher the number of bits transmitted for a DMT tone. The maximum number of bits that can be transmitted per DMT tone is 15. There will be some tones without any bits as there has to be space between the upstream and downstream channels. Reset ADSL Line Click this to reinitialize the ADSL line. The large text box above then displays the progress and results of this operation, for example: "Start to reset ADSL Loading ADSL modem F/W... Reset ADSL Line Successfully!" Capture All Logs 228 Click this to display information and statistics about your ZyXEL Device’s ATM statistics, DSL connection statistics, DHCP settings, firmware version, WAN and gateway IP address, VPI/VCI and LAN IP address. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide CHAPTER 23 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. • Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs • ZyXEL Device Access and Login • Internet Access 23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs The ZyXEL Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. Make sure the ZyXEL Device is turned on. Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the ZyXEL Device. Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the ZyXEL Device and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on. Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If the problem continues, contact the vendor. One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on page 25. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 229 Chapter 23 Troubleshooting Check the hardware connections. Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If the problem continues, contact the vendor. 23.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the ZyXEL Device by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the ZyXEL Device (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.6 on page 26. I forgot the password. The default admin password is 1234. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.6 on page 26. I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Make sure you are using the correct IP address. • The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. 230 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Chapter 23 Troubleshooting • If you changed the IP address (Section 7.2 on page 87), use the new IP address. • If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix C on page 281. Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. (If there are routers between your computer and the ZyXEL Device, skip this step.) • If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Appendix A on page 243. Your ZyXEL Device is a DHCP server by default. • If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. See Appendix A on page 243. Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the ZyXEL Device with the default IP address. See Section 1.6 on page 26. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions • Try to access the ZyXEL Device using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the ZyXEL Device, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the ZyXEL Device does not respond to HTTP. • If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a ETHERNET port. I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the ZyXEL Device. Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default admin password is 1234. The field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the ZyXEL Device. Log out of the ZyXEL Device in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out. Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 231 Chapter 23 Troubleshooting If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.1 on page 229. I cannot Telnet to the ZyXEL Device. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser. I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser. 23.3 Internet Access I cannot access the Internet. 232 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 25. Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure you enabled the wireless LAN and have selected the correct country and channel in which your ZyXEL Device operates in the Wireless LAN > AP screen. Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. If the problem continues, contact your ISP. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Chapter 23 Troubleshooting I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the ZyXEL Device), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 25. Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If the problem continues, contact your ISP. The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.5 on page 25. If the ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving your computer closer to the ZyXEL Device if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on). Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions • Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 233 Chapter 23 Troubleshooting 234 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide CHAPTER 24 Product Specifications The following tables summarize the ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features. 24.1 Hardware Specifications The following table summarizes the ZyXEL Device’s hardware features. Table 93 Hardware Specifications Dimensions 133mm (L) x 61mm (W) x 163mm (H) Weight 200g Power Specification 12VDC 1A LAN Ethernet Port One auto-negotiating, auto MDI/MDI-X 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet port ADSL Port 1 RJ-11 for Annex A 802.11n Wireless LAN Access On-board WLAN module RESET Button Press for 10 seconds to restore factory defaults Antenna 1 internal antenna, 3.5dBi WPS Button 1 second: turn on or off WLAN 5 seconds: enable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) Operation Temperature 0º C ~ 40º C Storage Temperature -20º ~ 60º C Operation Humidity 20% ~ 90% RH Storage Humidity 20% ~ 90% RH P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 235 Chapter 24 Product Specifications Table 93 Hardware Specifications Compliance and Certifications EANSI/UL-60950-1 CSA 60950-1 EN60950-1 (1992+A1+A2+A3+A4+A11) IEC 60950-1 FCC Part 15 Class B EN55022 Class B EN61000-3-2 EN61000-3-3 EN61000-4-2 EN61000-4-3 EN61000-4-4 EN61000-4-5 EN61000-4-6 EN61000-4-8 EN61000-4-11 K.21 4KV Power Adaptor Safety Approvals ANSI/UL 60950-1 CSA 60950-1 CE mark GS mark or TUV certificate EN60950-1 24.2 Firmware Specifications The following table summarizes the ZyXEL Device’s firmware features. Table 94 Firmware Specifications Basic Features 236 Default IP Address 192.168.1.1 Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) Default Admin Password 1234 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Chapter 24 Product Specifications Table 94 Firmware Specifications (continued) ADSL Standard Compliance Support Multi-Mode standard (ANSI T1.413, Issue 2; G.dmt (G.992.1); G.lite (G992.2)). EOC specified in ITU-T G.992.1 ADSL2 G.dmt.bis (G.992.3) ADSL2 G.lite.bis (G.992.4) ADSL2+ (G.992.5) Reach Extended ADSL (RE ADSL) SRA (Seamless Rate Adaptation) Auto-negotiating rate adaptation ADSL physical connection ATM AAL5 (ATM Adaptation Layer type 5) Support multi-protocol over AAL5 (RFC2684/1483) Support PPP over ATM AAL5 (RFC2364) PPP over Ethernet support for DSL connection (RFC 2516) Support VC-based and LLC-based multiplexing Support up to 8 PVCs I.610 F4/F5 OAM TR-067/TR-100 supported Annex A,B,I, J,L,M Bit swapping P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 237 Chapter 24 Product Specifications Table 94 Firmware Specifications (continued) Wireless LAN Features WDS(wireless client: TBD) IEEE 802.11n Compliance Frequency Range:2.4 GHz Advanced Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Data Rates:150Mbps and Auto Fallback Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Data Encryption 64/128 WLAN bridge to LAN 32 MAC Address filter WPA, WPA-PSK, WPA2, WPA2-PSK WPS IEEE 802.1x (EAP-MD5, TLS and TTLS) WMM Multi BSSID (4 BSSIDs) Wireless Scheduling Firewall DoS Protocol and Generic Packet Filter Stateful Inspection Access Control List (ACL) between LAN, WAN Real time alert via e-mail Report and logs 20 ACL rules Content Filtering URL Keyword Blocking NAT Muti-NAT & Port Address Translation (PAT) 2048 NAT session Cone NAT Multimedia applications support (NetMeeting, CuSeeMe, ICQ, …etc) Microsoft PPTP under NAT/SUA Multiple VPN (IPSec/PPTP/L2TP) pass-through NAT loopback 12 NAT port forwarding 238 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Chapter 24 Product Specifications Table 94 Firmware Specifications (continued) UPnP UPnP DCP UPnP protocols NAT traversal Protocol Support SIP pass-through DNS Proxy Dynamic DNS (www.dyndns.org) IP Alias DHCP client/server/relay RIP I/ RIP II supported Support 16 IP Static routes by Gateway IGMP v1 and v2, v3 IP Policy Routing UPnP support Transparent bridging, VLAN-tagging pass-through bridge mode Static DHCP 802.1Q TR-098 complied QoS Management Embedded Web Configurator SNMP v1 & v2 with MIB II TR-064 support(Need to support ZyXEL"easy install utility") TR-111 ADSL mode selectable on GUI Embedded FTP/TFTP Server for f/w upgrade and romfile backup and restore Remote Management Control: Telnet, FTP, and Web. TR-069 HTTPS(with motive certification) MTU adjustable on WebGUI WAN Backup Traffic redirect Other features rom-t Support IGMP Proxy P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 239 Chapter 24 Product Specifications 24.3 Standards Support The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the ZyXEL Device. Table 95 Standards Supported STANDARD 240 DESCRIPTION RFC 867 Daytime Protocol RFC 868 Time Protocol. RFC 1058 RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol) RFC 1112 IGMP v1 RFC 1305 Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3) RFC 1483 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 RFC 1631 IP Network Address Translator (NAT) RFC 1661 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) RFC 1723 RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol) RFC 2236 Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC 2364 PPP over AAL5 (PPP over ATM over ADSL) RFC 2408 Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) RFC 2516 A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE) RFC 2684 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5. RFC 2766 Network Address Translation - Protocol IEEE 802.11 Also known by the brand Wi-Fi, denotes a set of Wireless LAN/ WLAN standards developed by working group 11 of the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). IEEE 802.11b Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band IEEE 802.11g Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band IEEE 802.11n Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band IEEE 802.11d Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges IEEE 802.11x Port Based Network Access Control. IEEE 802.11e QoS IEEE 802.11 e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service ANSI T1.413, Issue 2 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) standard. G dmt(G.992.1) G.992.1 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Transceivers ITU G.992.1 (G.DMT) ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone modulation. ITU G.992.2 (G. Lite) ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone modulation. ITU G.992.3 (G.dmt.bis) ITU standard (also referred to as ADSL2) that extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates. ITU G.992.4 (G.lite.bis) ITU standard (also referred to as ADSL2) that extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Chapter 24 Product Specifications Table 95 Standards Supported (continued) STANDARD DESCRIPTION ITU G.992.5 (ADSL2+) ITU standard (also referred to as ADSL2+) that extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream bits. Microsoft PPTP MS PPTP (Microsoft's implementation of Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) MBM v2 Media Bandwidth Management v2 RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM Protocol Specification - UNI 3.1 Version TR-069 TR-069 DSL Forum Standard for CPE Wan Management. 1.363.5 Compliant AAL5 SAR (Segmentation And Re-assembly) P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 241 Chapter 24 Product Specifications 242 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide APPENDIX Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Note: Your specific ZyXEL Device may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported. This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer. If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network’s computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet. In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for: • Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 244 • Windows Vista on page 247 • Windows 7 on page 251 • Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 255 • Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 258 • Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 261 • Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 266 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 243 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Windows XP/NT/2000 The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT. 244 Click Start > Control Panel. In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 245 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens. Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. Verifying Settings Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. 246 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Windows Vista This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional. Click Start > Control Panel. In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon. Click the Network and Sharing Center icon. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 247 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Click Manage network connections. Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. 248 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 249 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens. Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced. Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. 250 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Verifying Settings Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. Windows 7 This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise. Click Start > Control Panel. In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet category. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 251 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Click Change adapter settings. Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. 252 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 253 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens. Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS. 254 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Verifying Settings Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. The IP settings are displayed as follows. Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3. Click Apple > System Preferences. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 255 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 256 In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon. When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab. For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually. • In the IP Address field, type your IP address. • In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask. • In the Router field, type the IP address of your device. Click Apply Now and close the window. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 257 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab. Figure 115 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6. 258 Click Apple > System Preferences. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address In System Preferences, click the Network icon. When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types. From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 259 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the Configure list, select Manually. • In the IP Address field, enter your IP address. • In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask. • In the Router field, enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device. 260 Click Apply and close the window. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab. Figure 116 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 261 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME: 262 Click System > Administration > Network. When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button. In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 263 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address The Properties dialog box opens. • In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. • In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields. 264 Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen. If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Click the Close button to apply the changes. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly. Figure 117 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 265 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE: 266 Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST). When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon. When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 267 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab Figure 118 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Hostname fields. 268 Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Click Finish to save your settings and close the window. Verifying Settings Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information. Figure 119 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 269 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly. Figure 120 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager 270 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide APPENDIX IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. Introduction to IP Addresses One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered. Structure An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 271 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. Figure 121 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”. A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal). Table 96 Subnet Masks 1ST OCTET: 2ND OCTET: 3RD OCTET: 4TH OCTET (192) (168) (1) (2) IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001 Host ID 272 00000010 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes. Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Table 97 Subnet Masks BINARY 1ST OCTET 2ND OCTET 3RD OCTET 4TH OCTET DECIMAL 8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0 16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0 24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0 29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.24 Network Size The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows: Table 98 Maximum Host Numbers MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE 8 bits 24 bits 224 – 2 16777214 16 bits 216 65534 255.0.0.0 16 bits 255.255.0.0 –2 24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 2 –2 254 29 bits 255.255.255.2 48 3 bits 23 – 2 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 273 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Notation Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. Table 99 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE NOTATION LAST OCTET (BINARY) LAST OCTET (DECIMAL) 255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128 255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192 255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224 255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240 255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248 255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252 Subnetting You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons. In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts. 274 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 122 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25). The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B. Figure 123 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 275 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). Table 100 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62 Table 101 Subnet 2 276 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address 192.168.1. 64 IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 102 Subnet 3 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address 192.168.1. 128 IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 Table 103 Subnet 4 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address 192.168.1. 192 IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254 Example: Eight Subnets Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet. Table 104 Eight Subnets SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESS BROADCAST ADDRESS 30 31 32 33 62 63 64 65 94 95 96 97 126 127 128 129 158 159 160 161 190 191 192 193 222 223 224 225 254 255 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 277 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Subnet Planning The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. Table 105 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 255.255.255.128 (/25) 126 255.255.255.192 (/26) 62 255.255.255.224 (/27) 30 255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14 255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. Table 106 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 255.255.128.0 (/17) 32766 255.255.192.0 (/18) 16382 255.255.224.0 (/19) 8190 255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094 255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046 255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022 255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510 255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254 255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126 10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62 11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30 12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14 13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 Configuring IP Addresses Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP 278 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the ZyXEL Device. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your ZyXEL Device that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise. Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks: • 10.0.0.0 • 172.16.0.0 — 10.255.255.255 — 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 279 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting 280 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide APPENDIX Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device. • JavaScripts (enabled by default). • Java permissions (enabled by default). Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address. Disable Pop-up Blockers In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 124 Pop-up Blocker You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 281 Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 125 Internet Options: Privacy Click Apply to save this setting. Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. 282 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. Figure 126 Internet Options: Privacy Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 283 Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 127 Pop-up Blocker Settings Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 284 P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 128 Internet Options: Security Click the Custom Level... button. Scroll down to Scripting. Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). P-660N-T1A User’s Guide 285 Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Click OK to close the window. Figure 129 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 286 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Click the Custom Level... button. Scroll down to Microsoft VM. Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. P-660N-T1A User’s Guide Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Click OK to close the window. Figure 130 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun) From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. Make sure that Use Java 2 for
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