ZyXEL Communications P870HN51B 802.11n VDSL2 4-port Gateway User Manual SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004
ZyXEL Communications Corporation 802.11n VDSL2 4-port Gateway SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004
Contents
- 1. user manual 1
- 2. user manual 2
user manual 1
www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
P-870HN-51b
802.11n VDSL2 4-port Gateway
Copyright © 2009
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
Firmware Version 1.0
Edition 1, 9/2009
Default Login Details
IP Address http://192.168.1.1
User Name admin
Password 1234
About This User's Guide
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 3
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using
the web configurator.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It
contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet
access.
• Support Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
Documentation Feedback
Send your comments, questions or suggestions to: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan.
Need More Help?
More help is available at www.zyxel.com.
About This User's Guide
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide
4
• Download Library
Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read
the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick
Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better
understand how to use your product.
• Knowledge Base
If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here.
This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL
products.
•Forum
This contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL
products and share your experiences as well.
Customer Support
Should problems arise that cannot be solved by the methods listed above, you
should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a
ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please
have the following information ready when you contact an office.
• Product model and serial number.
•Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Document Conventions
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 5
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The P-870HN-51b may be referred to as the “ZyXEL Device”, the “device”, the
“system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example,
[ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the
[ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined
choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For
example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click
Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the
Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value.
For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may
denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other
words”.
Document Conventions
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide
6
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device
icon is not an exact representation of your device.
ZyXEL Device Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
Safety Warnings
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 7
Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power
source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord.
• Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using
the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will
be damaged.
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE
stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical
and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and
electronic equipment should be treated separately.
Safety Warnings
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide
8
Contents Overview
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 9
Contents Overview
Introduction ............................................................................................................................19
Introducing the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................................21
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 49
Status Screens .......................................................................................................................... 55
Network ...................................................................................................................................65
WAN Setup ................................................................................................................................ 67
LAN Setup ................................................................................................................................. 93
Wireless LAN ........................................................................................................................... 101
Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................ 133
Security .................................................................................................................................145
Firewall .................................................................................................................................... 147
Certificate ................................................................................................................................ 153
Advanced ..............................................................................................................................165
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 167
Policy Forwarding .................................................................................................................... 171
RIP ........................................................................................................................................... 175
Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................... 177
Dynamic DNS Setup ................................................................................................................ 191
Remote Management ..............................................................................................................193
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 199
Parental Control ....................................................................................................................... 213
Interface Group ........................................................................................................................ 217
Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications ..........................................................223
System Settings ....................................................................................................................... 225
Logs ........................................................................................................................................ 229
Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 233
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 241
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 247
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 253
Appendices and Index .........................................................................................................259
Contents Overview
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10
Table of Contents
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 11
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................5
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................7
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11
Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 19
Chapter 1
Introducing the ZyXEL Device...............................................................................................21
1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 21
1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device .................................................................................... 21
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device ..................................................................... 22
1.4 Applications for the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................... 22
1.4.1 Internet Access ..........................................................................................................22
1.5 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................... 24
1.6 The RESET Button .............................................................................................................. 25
1.6.1 Using the Reset Button .............................................................................................. 26
1.7 The WPS WLAN Button ...................................................................................................... 26
1.7.1 Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On ............................................................................... 26
1.7.2 Activate WPS .............................................................................................................26
Chapter 2
Tutorials...................................................................................................................................27
2.1 How to Set up a Wireless Network ...................................................................................... 27
2.1.1 Example Parameters .................................................................................................. 27
2.1.2 Configuring the AP ..................................................................................................... 27
2.1.3 Configuring the Wireless Client .................................................................................. 30
2.2 How to Set up Multiple VDSL Connection Groups .............................................................. 37
2.2.1 Adding WAN Internet Connections ............................................................................. 37
2.2.2 Setting Interface Groups ............................................................................................ 42
2.2.3 Configuring Interface Group IP .................................................................................. 46
2.2.4 Testing the VDSL Connection Groups ....................................................................... 47
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Chapter 3
Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................49
3.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................. 49
3.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................ 49
3.2 Web Configurator Main Screen ........................................................................................... 50
3.2.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 51
3.2.2 Main Window ..............................................................................................................53
3.2.3 Status Bar ................................................................................................................... 53
Chapter 4
Status Screens........................................................................................................................55
4.1 Status Screen ...................................................................................................................... 55
4.1.1 WAN Service Statistics ............................................................................................... 59
4.1.2 Route Info ................................................................................................................... 60
4.1.3 WLAN Station List ...................................................................................................... 62
4.1.4 LAN Statistics ............................................................................................................. 63
4.1.5 Client List ................................................................................................................... 64
Part II: Network....................................................................................... 65
Chapter 5
WAN Setup...............................................................................................................................67
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 67
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 67
5.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................68
5.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 68
5.4 The Layer 2 Interface Screen .............................................................................................. 69
5.4.1 Layer 2 Interface Configuration .................................................................................. 70
5.5 The Internet Connection Screen .......................................................................................... 73
5.5.1 WAN Connection Configuration ................................................................................. 75
5.6 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 85
Chapter 6
LAN Setup................................................................................................................................93
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 93
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 93
6.2 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................... 94
6.3 The LAN IP Screen .............................................................................................................. 95
6.4 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 97
Chapter 7
Wireless LAN.........................................................................................................................101
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7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 101
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 101
7.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 102
7.3 Before You Begin ............................................................................................................... 104
7.4 The General Screen ......................................................................................................... 105
7.4.1 No Security ............................................................................................................... 107
7.4.2 WEP Encryption ....................................................................................................... 108
7.4.3 WPA(2)-PSK ............................................................................................................ 109
7.4.4 WPA(2) Authentication ..............................................................................................111
7.4.5 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................112
7.4.6 Adding a New MAC Filtering Rule ........................................................................113
7.5 The More AP Screen .........................................................................................................114
7.5.1 More AP Edit .............................................................................................................115
7.6 The WPS Screen ...............................................................................................................115
7.7 The WPS Station Screen ...................................................................................................116
7.8 The WDS Screen ...............................................................................................................117
7.9 The Advanced Setup Screen .............................................................................................119
7.10 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 121
7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................... 121
7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms ...................................................................................... 122
7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................... 123
7.10.4 WiFi Protected Setup ............................................................................................. 125
Chapter 8
Network Address Translation (NAT)....................................................................................133
8.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 133
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 133
8.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 133
8.3 The Port Forwarding Screen ............................................................................................. 134
8.3.1 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen ............................................................................ 136
8.4 The Trigger Port Screen ....................................................................................................137
8.4.1 Trigger Port Configuration ....................................................................................... 140
8.5 The DMZ Host Screen ....................................................................................................... 142
8.6 The ALG Screen ............................................................................................................... 142
8.7 Technical Reference .......................................................................................................... 143
Part III: Security.................................................................................... 145
Chapter 9
Firewall...................................................................................................................................147
9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 147
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9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 147
9.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 147
9.3 The Firewall Screen ........................................................................................................... 148
9.3.1 Creating Incoming Firewall Rules .......................................................................... 150
Chapter 10
Certificate ..............................................................................................................................153
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 153
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 153
10.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 153
10.3 The Local Certificates Screen ......................................................................................... 154
10.3.1 Create Certificate Request .................................................................................... 155
10.3.2 Import Certificate ................................................................................................... 156
10.3.3 Certificate Details .................................................................................................. 158
10.3.4 Load Signed Certificate .......................................................................................... 160
10.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................... 161
10.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate ................................................................................... 163
10.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ................................................................................. 164
Part IV: Advanced ................................................................................ 165
Chapter 11
Static Route...........................................................................................................................167
11.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 167
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................... 167
11.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................. 168
11.2.1 Static Route Edit ................................................................................................... 169
Chapter 12
Policy Forwarding.................................................................................................................171
12.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 171
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 171
12.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................. 171
12.2.1 Policy Forwarding Setup ...................................................................................... 172
Chapter 13
RIP..........................................................................................................................................175
13.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 175
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 175
13.2 The RIP Screen ............................................................................................................... 175
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P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 15
Chapter 14
Quality of Service (QoS).......................................................................................................177
14.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 177
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 177
14.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 178
14.3 The Quality of Service General Screen .......................................................................... 178
14.4 The Queue Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 180
14.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue ............................................................................................ 181
14.5 The Class Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 182
14.5.1 QoS Class Edit ...................................................................................................... 184
14.6 The QoS Monitor Screen ................................................................................................ 188
14.7 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 189
Chapter 15
Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................191
15.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 191
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 191
15.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 191
15.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen .............................................................................................. 192
Chapter 16
Remote Management............................................................................................................193
16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 193
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 193
16.2 The TR-069 Screen .........................................................................................................193
16.3 The TR-064 Screen .........................................................................................................195
16.4 The Service Control Screen ............................................................................................ 196
16.5 The IP Address Screen ................................................................................................... 197
16.5.1 Adding an IP Address ............................................................................................ 198
Chapter 17
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)..........................................................................................199
17.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 199
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 199
17.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 199
17.3 The UPnP Screen ............................................................................................................ 200
17.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 201
17.5 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................. 205
Chapter 18
Parental Control....................................................................................................................213
18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 213
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 213
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18.2 The Time Restriction Screen ........................................................................................... 213
18.2.1 Adding a Schedule ................................................................................................. 214
18.3 The URL Filter Screen .....................................................................................................215
18.3.1 Adding URL Filter ................................................................................................... 216
Chapter 19
Interface Group .....................................................................................................................217
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 217
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 217
19.2 The Interface Group Screen ............................................................................................ 217
19.2.1 Interface Group Configuration ................................................................................ 219
19.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria ..................................................................................... 220
Part V: Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications.............. 223
Chapter 20
System Settings....................................................................................................................225
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 225
20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 225
20.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................225
20.3 The Time Setting Screen ................................................................................................ 226
Chapter 21
Logs ......................................................................................................................................229
21.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 229
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 229
21.2 The View Log Screen ...................................................................................................... 229
21.3 The Log Settings Screen ................................................................................................. 230
Chapter 22
Tools.......................................................................................................................................233
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 233
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 233
22.2 The Firmware Screen ...................................................................................................... 234
22.3 The Configuration Screen ................................................................................................ 236
22.4 The Restart Screen ......................................................................................................... 238
Chapter 23
Diagnostic..............................................................................................................................241
23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 241
23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 241
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P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 17
23.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 241
23.3 The General Diagnostic Screen ...................................................................................... 242
23.4 The 802.1ag Screen ........................................................................................................243
23.5 The OAM Ping Test Screen ............................................................................................. 245
Chapter 24
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................247
24.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 247
24.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login .................................................................................... 248
24.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 249
Chapter 25
Product Specifications.........................................................................................................253
25.1 Hardware Specifications .................................................................................................. 253
25.2 Firmware Specifications ...................................................................................................253
25.3 Wireless Features ............................................................................................................ 257
Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 259
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address...........................................................261
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions......................................291
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................301
Appendix D Wireless LANs ..................................................................................................313
Appendix E Common Services.............................................................................................329
Appendix F Open Software Announcements .......................................................................333
Appendix G Legal Information..............................................................................................339
Index.......................................................................................................................................343
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P-870HN-51b User’s Guide
18
19
PART I
Introduction
Introducing the ZyXEL Device (21)
Tutorials (27)
Introducing the Web Configurator (49)
Status Screens (55)
20
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 21
CHAPTER 1
Introducing the ZyXEL Device
This chapter introduces the main applications and features of the ZyXEL Device. It
also introduces the ways you can manage the ZyXEL Device.
1.1 Overview
The ZyXEL Device is a VDSL2 gateway that allows super-fast, secure Internet
access over analog (POTS) telephone lines. It supports both Packet Transfer Mode
(PTM) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). You can have multiple ADSL
(ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+) connections or multiple VDSL (VDSL, VDSL2)
connections.
you can use Quality of Service (QoS) to efficiently manage traffic on your network
by giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers.
Please refer to the following description of the product name format.
• “H” denotes an integrated 4-port hub (switch).
• “N” denotes 802.11n draft 2.0. The “N” models support 802.11n wireless
connection mode.
Only use firmware for your ZyXEL Device’s specific model. Refer
to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device.
Models ending in “1”, for example P-870HN-51, denote a device that works over
the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service).
See Chapter 25 on page 253 for a full list of features.
1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device
Use any of the following methods to manage the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide
22
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the ZyXEL
Device using a (supported) web browser.
• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your
device.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device
Do the following things regularly to make the ZyXEL Device more secure and to
manage the ZyXEL Device more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists
of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it).
Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes
unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the
ZyXEL Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier
configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the ZyXEL Device.
You could simply restore your last configuration.
1.4 Applications for the ZyXEL Device
Here are some example uses for which the ZyXEL Device is well suited.
1.4.1 Internet Access
Your ZyXEL Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to
the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. Computers can
connect to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly). You can have multiple
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 23
WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL line. The ZyXEL Device cannot work in ADSL
and VDSL mode at the same time.
Figure 1 ZyXEL Device’s Internet Access Application
You can also configure IP filtering on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access.
When the IP filter is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is
blocked by default unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes
from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the
Internet and download files.
Internet
ADSL / VDSL
LAN
PPPoE
IPoE
Bridging
WAN
Internet
ADSL
IPoA / PPPoA
WAN
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide
24
1.5 LEDs (Lights)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
Figure 2 The Front Panel of the Device:
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 25
None of the LEDs are on if the ZyXEL Device is not receiving power.
Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections.
1.6 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need
to use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Green On The ZyXEL Device is receiving power and ready for
use.
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is self-testing.
Red On The ZyXEL Device detected an error while self-testing,
or there is a device malfunction.
Off The ZyXEL Device is not receiving power.
ETHERNET
1-4 Green On The ZyXEL Device has an Ethernet connection with a
device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data to /from
the LAN.
Off The ZyXEL Device does not have an Ethernet
connection with the LAN.
WLAN/
WPS Green On The wireless network is activated.
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is communicating with other
wireless clients.
Orange Blinking The ZyXEL Device is setting up a WPS connection.
Off The wireless network is not activated.
DSL Green On The ADSL line is up.
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is initializing the ADSL line.
Orange On The VDSL line is up.
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
INTERNET Green On The ZyXEL Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or
assigned by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was
successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Red On The ZyXEL Device attempted to make an IP connection
but failed. Possible causes are no response from a
DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication
failed.
Off The ZyXEL Device does not have an IP connection.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide
26
configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had
previously and the password will be reset to “1234”. You can also use the
1.6.1 Using the Reset Button
1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for
ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the
POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device
restarts.
1.7 The WPS WLAN Button
You can use the WPS WLAN button at the rear panel of the device to turn the
wireless LAN off or on. You can also use it to activate WPS in order to quickly set
up a wireless network with strong security.
1.7.1 Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On
1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2Press the WPS WLAN button for one second and release it. The WLAN/WPS LED
should change from on to off or vice versa.
1.7.2 Activate WPS
1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2Press the WPS WLAN button for more than five seconds and release it. Press the
WPS button on another WPS -enabled device within range of the ZyXEL Device.
The WLAN/WPS LED should flash while the ZyXEL Device sets up a WPS
connection with the wireless device.
Note: You must activate WPS in the ZyXEL Device and in another wireless device
within two minutes of each other. See Section 7.10.4 on page 125 for more
information.
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide 27
CHAPTER 2
Tutorials
This chapter shows you how to set up a wireless network (see page 27) and how
to set up multiple VDSL connection groups (see page 37).
2.1 How to Set up a Wireless Network
This tutorial gives you examples of how to set up an access point and wireless
client for wireless communication using the following parameters. The wireless
clients can access the Internet through an AP wirelessly.
2.1.1 Example Parameters
An access point (AP) or wireless router is referred to as “AP” and a computer with
a wireless network card or USB/PCI adapter is referred to as “wireless client” here.
We use the ZyXEL Device web screens and M-302 utility screens as an example.
The screens may vary slightly for different models.
2.1.2 Configuring the AP
Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your AP.
SSID SSID_Example3
Security WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
802.11 mode IEEE 802.11b/g
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1Open the Network > Wireless LAN screen in the AP’s web configurator.
Figure 3 AP: Wireless LAN
2Make sure the Active Wireless LAN check box is selected.
3Enter “SSID_Example3” as the SSID and select a channel which is not used by
another AP.
4Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey” in
the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.
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5Click the Advanced Setup tab and select 802.11b/g Mixed in the 802.11
Mode field. Click Apply.
Figure 4 AP: Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup
6Open the Status screen.Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under
Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface
Status.
Figure 5 AP: Status
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7Click the WLAN Station List hyperlink in the AP’s Status screen. You can see if
any wireless client has connected to the AP.
Figure 6 AP: Status: WLAN Station List
2.1.3 Configuring the Wireless Client
This section describes how to connect the wireless client to a network.
2.1.3.1 Connecting to a Wireless LAN
The following sections show you how to join a wireless network using the ZyXEL
utility, as in the following diagram. The wireless client is labeled C and the access
point is labeled AP.
There are three ways to connect the client to an access point.
• Configure nothing and leave the wireless client to automatically scan for and
connect to any available network that has no wireless security configured.
• Manually connect to a network.
• Configure a profile to have the wireless client automatically connect to a specific
network or peer computer.
CAP
Internet
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This example illustrates how to manually connect your wireless client to an access
point (AP) which is configured for WPA-PSK security and connected to the
Internet. Before you connect to the access point, you must know its Service Set
IDentity (SSID) and WPA-PSK pre-shared key. In this example, the SSID is
“SSID_Example3” and the pre-shared key is “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey”.
After you install the ZyXEL utility and then insert the wireless client, follow the
steps below to connect to a network using the Site Survey screen.
1Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Site Survey tab to open the screen shown
next.
Figure 7 ZyXEL Utility: Site Survey
2The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks. Click
Scan if you want to search again. If no entry displays in the Available Network
List, that means there is no wireless network available within range. Make sure
the AP or peer computer is turned on or move the wireless client closer to the AP
or peer computer.
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3When you try to connect to an AP with security configured, a window will pop up
prompting you to specify the security settings. Enter the pre-shared key and leave
the encryption type at the default setting.
Use the Next button to move on to the next screen. You can use the Back button
at any time to return to the previous screen, or the Exit button to return to the
Site Survey screen.
Figure 8 ZyXEL Utility: Security Settings
4The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to
continue.
Figure 9 ZyXEL Utility: Confirm Save
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5The ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the wireless
network using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL
utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays
details of the active connection. Check the network information in the Link Info
screen to verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network. If
the wireless client is not connected to a network, the fields in this screen remain
blank.
Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility: Link Info
6Open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any
other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your
wireless connection is successfully configured.
If you cannot access the web site, try changing the encryption type in the
Security Settings screen, check the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide
or contact your network administrator.
2.1.3.2 Creating and Using a Profile
A profile lets you automatically connect to the same wireless network every time
you use the wireless client. You can also configure different profiles for different
networks, for example if you connect a notebook computer to wireless networks at
home and at work.
This example illustrates how to set up a profile and connect the wireless client to
an access point configured for WPA-PSK security. In this example, the SSID is
“SSID_Example3”, the profile name is “PN_Example3” and the pre-shared key is
“ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey”. You have chosen the profile name
“PN_Example3”.
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1Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Profile tab to open the screen shown next.
Click Add to configure a new profile.
Figure 11 ZyXEL Utility: Profile
2The Add New Profile screen appears. The wireless client automatically searches
for available wireless networks, which are displayed in the Scan Info box. Click
on Scan if you want to search again. You can also configure your profile for a
wireless network that is not in the list.
Figure 12 ZyXEL Utility: Add New Profile
3Give the profile a descriptive name (of up to 32 printable ASCII characters). Select
Infrastructure and either manually enter or select the AP's SSID in the Scan
Info table and click Select.
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4Choose the same encryption method as the AP to which you want to connect (In
this example, WPA-PSK).
Figure 13 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Security
5This screen varies depending on the encryption method you selected in the
previous screen. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the
default setting.
Figure 14 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Encryption
6In the next screen, leave both boxes checked.
Figure 15 Profile: Wireless Protocol Settings.
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7Verify the profile settings in the read-only screen. Click Save to save and go to the
next screen.
Figure 16 Profile: Confirm Save
8Click Activate Now to use the new profile immediately. Otherwise, click the
Activate Later button.
If you clicked Activate Later, you can select the profile from the list in the Profile
screen and click Connect to activate it.
Note: Only one profile can be activated and used at any given time.
Figure 17 Profile: Activate
9When you activate the new profile, the ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info
screen while it connects to the AP using your settings. When the wireless link is
established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link
Info screen displays details of the active connection.
10 Open your Internet browser, enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other
web site in the address bar and press ENTER. If you are able to access the web
site, your new profile is successfully configured.
11 If you cannot access the Internet go back to the Profile screen, select the profile
you are using and click Edit. Check the details you entered previously. Also, refer
to the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network
administrator if necessary.
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2.2 How to Set up Multiple VDSL Connection
Groups
This tutorial shows you how to set up two VDSL WAN connections for two LAN
groups. GR1 will use VDSL connection 1. GR2 will use VDSL connection 2. There is
also a third default group that has no WAN connection associated to it.
Multiple VDSL Connection Grou ps
2.2.1 Adding WAN Internet Connections
In this example, we will add 2 new WAN connections: PTM/Bridge and PTM/PPPoE.
Table 2 VDSL Connection Groups
GROUP LAN WAN
Default LAN2 N/A
GR1 LAN1, WLAN VDSL1: ptm0_1(PTM/Bridge)
GR2 LAN3, LAN4 VDSL2: ptm0_2(PTM/PPPoE)
Default: LAN2
Internet
192.168.1.x
192.168.2.x ptm0_2(PTM/PPPoE)
GR1: LAN1, WLAN
192.168.3.x
GR2: LAN3, 4
ptm0_1(PTM/Bridge)
VDSL1
VDSL2
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2.2.1.1 Adding a PTM/Bridge WAN Service
1Click Network > WAN > Layer 2 Interface. Select PTM as your interface, then
click Add.
2Select the MSC Mode as the PTM Connection Mode. Then click Apply/Save.
3The PTM interface is added to the Layer 2 Interface screen. Click Network >
WAN > Internet Connection and click Add.
4Select PTM0/(0_0_1) as the layer 2 interface for this service and click Next.
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5Select Bridging as the WAN service type. Then click Next to finish the setup.
6The WAN setup summary is displayed. If the settings are correct, click Apply/
Save.
7The PTM/Bridge WAN connection is configured successfully. The Internet
Connection screen should look like the following.
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2.2.1.2 Adding a PTM/PPPoE WAN Service
1Click Network > WAN > Internet Connection and click Add.
2Select PTM0/(0_0_1) as the layer 2 interface for this service and click Next.
3Select PPP over Ethernet as the WAN service type. Then click Next.
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4Configure the PPP User and Password screen. The PPP Username is
Service@ISP.net, the PPP Password is 1234, and the PPPoE Service Name is
User. Click Next when you finish the settings.
5Select pppoe_0_0_1_2/ppp0_2 as the WAN Interface. Then click Next.
6Obtain DNS from the PPPoE WAN interface that you selected. Then click Next to
finish the setup.
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7The WAN setup summary is displayed. If the settings are correct, click Apply/
Save.
8The PTM/PPPoE WAN connection is configured successfully. The Internet
Connection screen should look like the following.
2.2.2 Setting Interface Groups
This part shows examples of creating multiple networks groups with the WAN
services that you have configured in the previous section.
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1Click Advanced Setup > Interface Group to open the following screen. Click
Add to create a new interface group GR1.
2Enter GR1 as the Group Name. In this group, we will associate PTM/Bridge as the
WAN interface with LAN1 and WL_ZyXEL01 (WLAN) as the LAN interfaces. Select
br_0_0_1_1/ptm0_1(VDSL1) from the WAN Interface drop-down list. Select
LAN1 and WL_ZyXEL01 (WLAN) from the Available LAN Interfaces list and
click <- to add it to the Grouped LAN Interfaces. Click Apply to finish the
settings.
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3GR1 has been added successfully to the interface group list. Click Add to create
another interface group: GR2.
4Enter GR2 as the Group Name. In this group, we will associate PTM/PPPoE as the
WAN interface with LAN3 and LAN4 as the LAN interfaces. Select
pppoe_0_0_1_2/ppp0_2 (VDSL2) from the WAN Interface drop-down list.
Select LAN3 and LAN4 from the Available LAN Interfaces list and click <- to
add them to the Grouped LAN Interfaces. Click Apply to finish the settings.
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5GR2 has been added successfully to the interface group list. The screen should
look like the following.
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2.2.3 Configuring Interface Group IP
1Click Network > LAN > IP. Select GR1 from the GroupName drop-down list. The
IP Address (192.168.2.1) and IP Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) is obtained
automatically.
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2Select GR2 from the GroupName drop-down list. The IP Address (192.168.3.1)
and IP Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) is obtained automatically. Select Active
DHCP and DHCP Server to have the ZyXEL Device act as the DHCP server for the
network. Click Apply when you finish the settings.
2.2.4 Testing the VDSL Connection Groups
To test if the connection groups are successfully configured, you can do the
following: connect your computer to LAN1 of the ZyXEL Device. After a few
seconds, your computer gets a new IP from the WAN side. If you can access
Internet by using this VDSL connection, GR1 is successfully configured.
To test GR2, connect your computer to LAN3 or LAN4 of the ZyXEL Device. After a
few seconds, the IP address of your computer should be renewed to 192.168.3.x
automatically. If you can access Internet by using this VDSL connection, GR2 is
successfully configured.
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CHAPTER 3
Introducing the Web
Configurator
This chapter describes how to access and navigate the web configurator.
3.1 Web Configurator Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy
device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and
later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen
resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled
by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
See Appendix B on page 291 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed
in Internet Explorer.
3.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
1Make sure your ZyXEL Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick
Start Guide).
2Launch your web browser.
3Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the URL.
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4A password screen displays. Enter the default admin user name admin and
default admin password 1234. Otherwise, enter the default user name user and
user password user. You cannot configure some settings with the user account.
The password displays in non-readable characters. If you have changed the
password, enter your password and click Login. Click Cancel to revert to the
default password in the password field.
Figure 18 Password Screen
3.2 Web Configurator Main Screen
This guide uses the P-870HN-51b screenshots as an example. The screens may
vary slightly for different ZyXEL Device models.
Figure 19 Main Screen A
BC
D
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As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
•A - title bar
•B - navigation panel
•C - main window
•D - status bar
3.2.1 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure ZyXEL
Device features. The following tables describe each menu item.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Status This screen shows the ZyXEL Device’s general device and network
status information. Use this screen to access the statistics and
client list.
Network
WAN Layer 2
Interface Use this screen to add or remove a DSL PTM (Packet Transfer
Mode) interface.
Internet
Connection Use this screen to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, and other advanced properties.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP, DHCP and IP alias
settings.
Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings, WLAN
authentication/security settings and MAC filtering rules.
More AP Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the ZyXEL Device.
WPS Use this screen to enable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) and view
the WPS status.
WPS Station Use this screen to use WPS to set up your wireless network.
WDS Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System links to
other access points.
Advanced
Setup Use this screen to configure the advanced wireless LAN settings.
NAT Port
Forwarding The NAT screens are available only when you enable NAT in a
WAN connection.
Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside
world.
Trigger Port Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s port triggering
settings.
DMZ Host Use this screen to configure a default server which receives
packets from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding
screen.
ALG Use this screen to allow SIP sessions to pass through the ZyXEL
Device.
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Security
MAC Filter Use this screen to configure filtering rule(s) that blocks or allows
traffic according to its destination and/or source MAC address in
bridge mode.
Firewall Incoming This screen shows a summary of the IP filtering rules, and allows
you to add or remove an incoming IP filtering rule that allows
incoming traffic from the WAN.
Certificate Local
Certificates Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage
certificates and certification requests.
Trusted CA Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.
Advanced
Static Route IP Static Route Use this screen to configure IP static routes to tell your device
about networks beyond the directly connected remote nodes.
Policy
Forwarding Use this screen to configure policy routing on the ZyXEL Device.
RIP Use this screen to configure RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
settings.
QoS General Use this screen to enable QoS.
Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queues.
Class Setup Use this screen to define a classifier.
Monitor Use this screen to view QoS packets statistics.
Dynamic DNS This screen allows you to use a static hostname alias for a
dynamic IP address.
Remote
MGMT TR069 Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device to be managed by
an ACS (Auto Configuration Server).
TR064 Use this screen to enable management via TR-064 on the LAN.
Service
Control Use this screen to configure which services/protocols can access
which ZyXEL Device interface.
IP Address Use this screen to configure from which IP address(es) users can
manage the ZyXEL Device.
UPnP General Use this screen to turn UPnP on or off.
Parental
Control Time
Restriction Use this screen to configure the days and times when the
restrictions are enforced.
URL Filter Use this screen to prevent users of your network from viewing
inappropriate web content.
Interface
Group Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.
Maintenance
System General Use this screen to configure your device’s name, domain name,
management inactivity timeout and password.
Time Setting Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date.
Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the level that you selected.
Log Settings Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s log settings.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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3.2.2 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in
the rest of this document.
Right after you log in, the Status screen is displayed. See Chapter 4 on page 55
for more information about the Status screen.
3.2.3 Status Bar
Check the status bar when you click Apply or OK to verify that the configuration
has been updated.
Tools Firmware Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.
Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Restart This screen allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning
the power off.
Diagnostic General Use this screen to test the connections to other devices.
802.1ag Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault
Management) MD (maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance
association), perform connectivity tests and view test reports.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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CHAPTER 4
Status Screens
Use the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system
resources and interfaces (LAN and WAN). The Status screen also provides
detailed information from DHCP and statistics from traffic.
4.1 Status Screen
Click Status to open this screen.
Figure 20 Status Screen
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Each field is described in the following table.
Table 4 Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen.
Apply Click this to update this screen immediately.
Device
Information
User Name This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for
identification. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
Model
Number This is the model name of your device.
MAC
Address This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to
your ZyXEL Device.
Firmware
Version This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device.
It also shows the date the firmware version was created. Click this to go
to the screen where you can change it.
DSL
Firmware
Version
This field displays the current version of the device’s DSL modem code.
WAN
Information
Mode This is the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.
IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the
WAN.
IP Subnet
Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
LAN
Information
IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the
LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
IP Subnet
Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.
DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the ZyXEL Device is providing to
the LAN. Choices are:
Server - The ZyXEL Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP
addresses to other computers in the LAN.
Relay - The ZyXEL Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays
DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the
clients.
None - The ZyXEL Device is not providing any DHCP services to the
LAN.
Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
WLAN
Information
Channel This is the channel number used by the ZyXEL Device now.
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WPS Status This field displays the status of WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). Click this
to go to the screen where you can change it.
WDS Status This field displays
•AP when WDS is disabled.
•Bridge when the ZyXEL Device functions as a wireless network
bridge only to use WDS (Wireless Distribution System) to establish
wireless links with other APs.
•AP+Bridge when WDS is enabled and the ZyXEL Device acts as a
bridge and access point simultaneously.
Click this to go to the screen where you can change it
AP Information
ESSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the ZyXEL Device in this
wireless network. Click this to go to the screen where you can change
it.
Status This shows the current status of the wireless network.
Security This shows the level of wireless security the ZyXEL Device is using in
this wireless network.
System Status
System
Uptime This field displays how long the ZyXEL Device has been running since it
last started up. The ZyXEL Device starts up when you plug it in, when
you restart it (Maintenance > Tools > Restart), or when you reset it
(see Section 1.6 on page 25).
Current
Date/Time This field displays the current date and time in the ZyXEL Device. You
can change this in Maintenance > System > Time Setting.
System
Mode This displays whether the ZyXEL Device is functioning as a router or a
bridge.
CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s processing
ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the
ZyXEL Device is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to
improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more
throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using
QoS; see Chapter 14 on page 177).
Memory
Usage This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s memory is
currently used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If
memory usage does get close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is probably
becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 22.4
on page 238, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few
seconds.
Interface Status
Interface This column displays each interface the ZyXEL Device has.
Table 4 Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Status This field indicates whether or not the ZyXEL Device is using the
interface.
For the DSL interface, this field displays LinkDown (line is down) or Up
(line is up or connected).
For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the ZyXEL Device is
using the interface and NoLink when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN interface, it displays Up when WLAN is enabled or
Disabled when WLAN is not active.
Rate For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream
transmission rate.
For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate.
More Status
WAN Service
Statistics Click this link to view packet specific statistics of the WAN
connection(s). See Section 4.1.1 on page 59.
Route Info Click this link to view the internal routing table on the ZyXEL Device.
See Section 4.1.2 on page 60.
WLAN
Station List Click this link to display the MAC address(es) of the wireless stations
that are currently associating with the ZyXEL Device. See Section 4.1.3
on page 62.
LAN
Statistics Click this link to view packet specific statistics on the LAN and WLAN
interfaces. See Section 4.1.4 on page 63.
Client List Click this link to view current DHCP client information. See Section
4.1.5 on page 64.
Table 4 Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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4.1.1 WAN Service Statistics
Click Status > WAN Service Statistics to access this screen. Use this screen to
view the WAN statistics.
Figure 21 Status > WAN Service Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 5 Status > WAN Service Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Interface This shows the name of the WAN interface used by this connection.
The default name ipoa*, pppoa*, atm* or ptm* indicates the DSL
port. pppx (where x starts from 0 and is the index number of PPP
connection on the ZyXEL Device) indicates a PPP connection via any one
of the WAN interface.
The number after the dot (.) represents the VLAN ID number assigned to
traffic sent through this connection. The number after the underscore
(_) represents the index number of connections through the same
interface.
(null) means the entry is not valid.
Description This shows the descriptive name of this connection.
0 and 35 or 0 and 1 are the default VPI and VCI numbers. The last
number represents the index number of connections over the same PVC
or the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection.
(null) means the entry is not valid.
Received
Bytes This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.
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4.1.2 Route Info
Routing is based on the destination address only and the ZyXEL Device takes the
shortest path to forward a packet. Click Status > Route Info to access this
screen. Use this screen to view the internal routing table on the ZyXEL Device.
Figure 22 Status > Route Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Pkts This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Errs This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this
interface.
Drops This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.
Transmitted
Bytes This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.
Pkts This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Errs This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this
interface.
Drops This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.
Refresh
Interval Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the
Refresh Interval field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Table 5 Status > WAN Service Statistics (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 6 Status > Route Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Destination This indicates the destination IP address of this route.
Gateway This indicates the IP address of the gateway that helps forward this route’s
traffic.
Subnet
Mask This indicates the destination subnet mask of this route.
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Flag This indicates the route status.
Up: The route is up.
!(Reject): The route is blocked and will force a route lookup to fail.
Gateway: The route uses a gateway to forward traffic.
Host: The target of the route is a host.
Reinstate: The route is reinstated for dynamic routing.
Dynamic (redirect): The route is dynamically installed by a routing daemon
or redirect
Modified (redirect): The route is modified from a routing daemon or
redirect.
Metric The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the
best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". The
smaller the number, the lower the "cost".
Service This indicates the name of the service used to forward the route.
Interface This indicates the name of the interface through which the route is
forwarded.
•br* indicates the LAN interface.
•ptm* indicates the VDSL WAN interface using IPoE or in bridge mode.
•atm* indicates the ADSL WAN interface using IPoE or in bridge mode.
•pppoa* indicates the ADSL WAN interface using PPPoA.
•ipoa* indicates the ADSL WAN interface using IPoA.
Table 6 Status > Route Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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4.1.3 WLAN Station List
Click Status > WLAN Station List to access this screen. Use this screen to view
the wireless stations that are currently associated to the ZyXEL Device.
Figure 23 Status > WLAN Station List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status > WLAN Station List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAC This field shows the MAC (Media Access Control) address of an associated
wireless station.
SSID This field shows the SSID to which the wireless station is connected.
Interface This field shows the wireless interface to which the wireless station is
connected.
Refresh
Interval Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh
Interval field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
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4.1.4 LAN Statistics
Click Status > LAN Statistics to access this screen. Use this screen to view the
LAN statistics.
Figure 24 Status > LAN Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Status > LAN Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Interface This shows the LAN or WLAN interface. eth0~3 represent the physical
Ethernet ports 1~ 4.
Received
Bytes This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.
Pkts This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Errs This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this
interface.
Drops This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.
Transmitted
Bytes This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.
Pkts This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Errs This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this
interface.
Drops This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.
Refresh
Interval Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the
Refresh Interval field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
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4.1.5 Client List
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a
server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP
service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
Click Status > Client List to open the following screen. The read-only DHCP table
shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and
MAC Address) of all network clients using the ZyXEL Device’s DHCP server.
Figure 25 Status > Client List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Status > Client List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Host Name This indicates the computer host name.
MAC Address Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control)
address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
This indicates the MAC address of the client computer.
IP Address This indicates the IP address assigned to this client computer.
65
PART II
Network
WAN Setup (67)
LAN Setup (93)
Wireless LAN (101)
Network Address Translation (NAT) (133)
66
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CHAPTER 5
WAN Setup
5.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the ZyXEL Device’s WAN screens. Use these screens to
configure your ZyXEL Device for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another
network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local
Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can
communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 26 LAN and WAN
• See Section 5.6 on page 85 for advanced technical information on WAN.
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•The Layer 2 Interface screen lets you view, remove or add a layer-2 WAN
interface (Section 5.4 on page 69).
•The Internet Connection screen lets you view and configure the WAN settings
on the ZyXEL Device for Internet access (Section 5.5 on page 73).
Internet
WAN
LAN
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5.2 What You Need to Know
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower
layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the
same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your
ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPPoA,
they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user
authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the ZyXEL Device, which makes it
accessible from an outside network. It is used by the ZyXEL Device to
communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or
dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the ZyXEL Device tries to access the
Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the
subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use
the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method).
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a LAN and WAN networking technology that
provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information
called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed. ATM
uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC) between
two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.
PTM
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2
standard. In PTM, packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link
Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a low-overhead, transparent way
of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM.
5.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP
address. Get this information from your ISP.
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5.4 The Layer 2 Interface Screen
The ZyXEL Device must have a layer-2 interface to allow users to use the DSL port
to access the Internet. The screen varies depending on the interface type you
select.
Note: The ATM and PTM layer-2 interfaces cannot work at the same time.
Figure 27 Layer 2 Interface: PTM
Figure 28 Layer 2 Interface: ATM
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 10 Layer 2 Interface
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Interface Select an interface for which you want to configure here.
PTM: The ZyXEL Device uses the VDSL technology for data
transmission over the DSL port.
ATM: The ZyXEL Device uses the ADSL technology for data
transmission over the DSL port.
Interface This is the name of the interface.
Vpi This is the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI).
Vci This is the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI).
Category This is the ATM traffic class.
Link Type This is the DSL link type of the ATM layer-2 interface.
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5.4.1 Layer 2 Interface Configuration
Click the Add button in the Layer 2 Interface screen to open the following
screen. Use this screen to create a new layer-2 interface. At the time of writing,
you can configure only one PTM interface on the ZyXEL Device. You can have
multiple ATM layer-2 interfaces using different VPI and/or VCI values. The screen
varies depending on the interface type you select.
Connection Mode This shows the connection mode of the layer-2 interface.
QoS This shows whether QoS (Quality of Service) is enabled on the ZyXEL
Device.
Remove Click the Remove button to delete this interface from the ZyXEL
Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to
delete the interface.
You cannot remove the layer-2 interface when a WAN service is
associated with it.
Add Click this button to create a new layer-2 interface.
Table 10 Layer 2 Interface (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 29 DSL ATM Interface Configuration
Figure 30 DSL PTM Interface Configuration
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 11 DSL PTM Interface Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ATM PVC
Configuration VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define
a virtual circuit. This section is available only when you configure an
ATM layer-2 interface.
VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local
management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
Select DSL Link
Type Select EoA (Ethernet over ATM) to have an Ethernet header in the
packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one
PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all
connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for
different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and
RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods.
Select PPPoA (PPP over ATM) to allow just one PPPoA connection over
a PVC.
Select IPoA (IP over ATM) to allow just one RFC 1483 routing
connection over a PVC.
Encapsulation
Mode Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-
down list. Choices are:
•VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single
ATM virtual circuit (VC). To transport multiple protocols, the ZyXEL
Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC and
the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces
payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol
information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload.
•LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are
encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the
SNAP header. This is available only when you select EoA in the
Select DSL Link Type field.
•LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried
over the same VC. This is available only when you select PPPoA in
the Select DSL Link Type field.
•LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are
encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the
SNAP header. This is available only when you select EoA in the
Select DSL Link Type field.
Service Category Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are
non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on)
bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications
with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay
variation.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for
connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay
variation.
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5.5 The Internet Connection Screen
Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s WAN settings. Click Network >
WAN > Internet Connection. The summary table shows you the configured
WAN services (connections) on the ZyXEL Device.
To use NAT, firewall or IGMP proxy in the ZyXEL Device, you need to configure a
WAN connection with PPPoE or IPoE.
Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find
the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the
sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.
Sustainable
Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that
can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR.
Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or
Realtime VBR.
Maximum
Burst Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells
that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than
65535.
This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or
Realtime VBR.
Select
Connection Mode Select Default Mode to allow only one WAN service over a single
virtual circuit.
Select VLAN MUX Mode to allow multiplexing of multiple protocols
over a single virtual circuit. You need to assign a VLAN ID and priority
level to traffic through each WAN connection. All WAN connections
share one MAC address.
Select MSC Mode to allow multiple WAN services over a single virtual
circuit. Each WAN connection has its own MAC address.
This field is not available if you select PPPoA or IPoA as the DSL link
type. The ZyXEL Device uses Default Mode automatically for PPPoA
or IPoA.
Enable Quality Of
Service Select this option to activate QoS (Quality of Service) on this interface
to group and prioritize traffic. Traffic is grouped according to the VLAN
group.
This field is not available when you select CBR or Realtime VBR.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any
changes.
Apply/Save Click this button to save your changes and go back to the previous
screen.
Table 11 DSL PTM Interface Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note: When a layer-2 interface is in VLAN MUX Mode or MSC Mode, you can
configure up to eight WAN services for each interface.
Figure 31 Internet Connection
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Internet Connection
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Interface This shows the name of the interface used by this connection.
A default name ipoa*, pppoa*, atm* or ptm* indicates DSL port.
The pppx name (where x starts from 0 and is the index number of
PPP connection on the ZyXEL Device) indicates a PPP connection via
any one of the WAN interface.
The number after the dot (.) represents the VLAN ID number assigned
to traffic sent through this connection. The number after the
underscore (_) represents the index number of connections through
the same interface.
(null) means the entry is not valid.
Description This is the service name of this connection.
0 and 35 or 0 and 1 are the default VPI and VCI numbers. The last
number represents the index number of connections over the same
PVC or the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this
connection.
(null) means the entry is not valid.
Type This shows the method of encapsulation used by this connection.
Rate This shows the maximum data rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic sent
through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no limit on
transmission rate.
Vlan8021p This indicates the 802.1P priority level assigned to traffic sent through
this connection. This displays N/A when there is no priority level
assigned.
VlanMuxId This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through
this connection. This displays N/A when there is no VLAN ID number
assigned.
ConnId This shows the index number of each connection. This displays N/A
when the interface used by the connection is in Default Mode.
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5.5.1 WAN Connection Configuration
Click the Edit or Add button in the WAN Service screen to configure a WAN
connection.
5.5.1.1 WAN Interface
This screen displays when you add a new WAN connection.
Figure 32 WAN Configuration: WAN Interface
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
IGMP This shows whether IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is
activated or not for this connection. IGMP is not available when the
connection uses the bridging service.
NAT This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this interface. NAT is
not available when the connection uses the bridging service.
Firewall This shows whether the firewall is activated or not for this connection.
The firewall is not available when the connection uses the bridging
service.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.
Click the Remove icon to delete the WAN connection.
Add Click Add to create a new connection.
Table 12 Internet Connection
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 13 WAN Configuration: WAN Interface
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Select a layer 2
interface for this
service
Select ptm0 to use the DSL port as the WAN port and use the VDSL
technology for data transmission.
Select atm0 to use the DSL port as the WAN port and use the ADSL
technology for data transmission.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this button to continue.
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5.5.1.2 Service Type
If you set the DSL link type to PPPoA or IPoA for the ATM interface and configure
a WAN connection using the ATM interface, you only need to configure the Enter
Service Description field in this screen.
Figure 33 WAN Configuration: Service Type
Figure 34 The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 WAN Configuration: Service Type
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Select WAN
service type Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.
Choices are PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), IP over Ethernet and
Bridging.
Enter Service
Description Specify a name for this connection or use the automatically generated
one.
Rate Limit Enter the maximum transmission rate in Kbps for traffic sent through the
WAN connection. Otherwise, leave this field blank to disable the rate
limit.
This field is not available for an ATM connection if QoS is disabled in the
DSL ATM Interface Configuration.
Tag VLAN ID
for egress
packets
Select this option to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing
traffic through this connection.
This field is available when the layer-2 interface is in VLANMUX mode.
Enter 802.1P
Priority IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into
a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service.
Type the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through
this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
This field is available when the layer-2 interface is in VLANMUX mode.
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5.5.1.3 WAN IP Address and DNS Server
The screen differs by the encapsulation you selected in the previous screen. See
Section 5.6 on page 85 for more information.
PPPoE or PPPoA
This screen displays when you select PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) in the WAN
Service Configuration screen or set the DSL link type to PPPoA for the ATM
interface and configure a WAN connection using the ATM interface.
Figure 35 WAN Configuration: PPPoE
Enter 802.1Q
VLAN ID Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this
connection.
This field is available when the PTM interface is in VLANMUX mode.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this button to continue.
Table 14 WAN Configuration: Service Type
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 WAN Configuration: PPPoE or PPPoA
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PPP User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name
in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name,
then enter both components exactly as given.
PPP Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.
PPPoE Service
Name Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
This field is not available for a PPPoA connection.
Authentication
Method The ZyXEL Device supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)
and CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). CHAP is
more secure than PAP; however, PAP is readily available on more
platforms.
Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for
outgoing calls. Options are:
AUTO - Your ZyXEL Device accepts either CHAP or PAP when
requested by this remote node.
PAP - Your ZyXEL Device accepts PAP only.
CHAP - Your ZyXEL Device accepts CHAP only.
MSCHAP - Your ZyXEL Device accepts MSCHAP only. MS-CHAP is the
Microsoft version of the CHAP.
Enable Fullcone
NAT Select this option to enable full cone NAT on the ZyXEL Device.
Dial on Demand Select this check box when you do not want the connection up all the
time and specify an idle time-out in the Inactivity Timeout field.
Inactivity
Timeout Specify an idle time-out when you select Dial on Demand. The
default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout.
Use Static IPv4
Address A static IPv4 address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic
IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time
you connect to the Internet. Select this if you do not have a dynamic
IP address.
IPv4 Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
Enable PPP
Debug Mode Select this option to display PPP debugging messages on the console.
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IPoE
This screen displays when you select IP over Ethernet in the WAN Service
Configuration screen.
Figure 36 WAN Configuration: IPoE
Bridge PPPoE
Frames Between
WAN and Local
Ports
Select this option to forward PPPoE packets from the WAN port to the
LAN ports and from the LAN ports to the WAN port.
In addition to the ZyXEL Device's built-in PPPoE client, you can select
this to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software
on their computers to connect to the ISP via the ZyXEL Device. Each
host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
This is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not
appropriate.
Clear this if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE
client software on their computers to connect to the ISP.
This field is not available for a PPPoA connection.
Enable IGMP
Multicast Proxy Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device act as an IGMP proxy
on this connection. This allows the ZyXEL Device to get subscribing
information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast
group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this button to continue.
Table 15 WAN Configuration: PPPoE or PPPoA
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 WAN Configuration: IPoE
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Obtain an IP
address
automatically
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP
address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you
connect to the Internet. Select this if you have a dynamic IP address.
Enable DHCP
Option 60 Select this to identify the vendor and functionality of the ZyXEL Device
in DHCP requests that the ZyXEL Device sends to a DHCP server when
getting a WAN IP address.
Vendor Class
Identifier Enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60), such as the type of the
hardware or firmware.
Enable DHCP
Option 61 Select this to identify the ZyXEL Device in DHCP requests that the
ZyXEL Device sends to a DHCP server when getting a WAN IP address.
IAID Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the ZyXEL Device.
For example, the WAN connection index number.
DUID Type Select Other to enter any string that identifies the ZyXEL Device in
the DUID field.
Select DUID-LL (DUID Based on Link-layer Address) to enter the
ZyXEL Device’s hardware address, that is the MAC address in the
DUID field.
Select DUID-EN (DUID Assigned by Vendor Based on Enterprise
Number) to enter the vendor’s registered private enterprise number.
Identifier Enter a unique identifier assigned by the vendor.
This field is available when you select DUID-EN in the DUID Type
field.
Enable DHCP
Option 125 Select this to add vendor specific information to DHCP requests that
the ZyXEL Device sends to a DHCP server when getting a WAN IP
address.
Manufacturer
OUI Specify the vendor’s OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually
the first three bytes of the MAC address.
Product Class Enter the product class of the ZyXEL Device.
Model Name Enter the model name of the ZyXEL Device.
Serial Number Enter the serial number of the ZyXEL Device.
Use the following
Static IP address Select this if you have a static IP address.
WAN IP
Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
WAN Subnet
Mask Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
WAN gateway
IP Address Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this button to continue.
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IPoA
Figure 37 This screen displays only when you set the DSL link type to IPoA for
the ATM interface and configure a WAN connection using the ATM interface.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
5.5.1.4 NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation
The screen is available only when you select IP over Ethernet in the WAN
Service Configuration screen or set the DSL link type to IPoA for the ATM
interface and configure a WAN connection using the ATM interface.
Figure 38 WAN Configuration: NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation: IPoE/
IPoA
Table 17 WAN Configuration: IPoA
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WAN IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
WAN Subnet
Mask Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this button to continue.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
5.5.1.5 Default Gateway
The screen is not available when you select Bridging in the WAN Service
Configuration screen.
Figure 39 WAN Configuration: Default Gateway: PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE or IPoA
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
5.5.1.6 DNS Server
The screen is not available when you select Bridging in the WAN Service
Configuration screen.
Table 18 WAN Configuration: NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation: IPoE
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable NAT Select this check box to activate NAT on this connection.
Enable Fullcone
NAT Select this check box to activate full cone NAT on this connection.
This field is available only when you select Enable NAT.
Enable Firewall Select this check box to activate Firewall on this connection.
Enable IGMP
Multicast Proxy Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device act as an IGMP proxy
on this connection. This allows the ZyXEL Device to get subscribing
information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast
group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this button to continue.
Table 19 WAN Configuration: Default Gateway: PPPoE or IPoE
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Selected WAN
Interface Select a WAN interface through which you want to forward the traffic.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this button to continue.
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Note: If you configure only one IPoA or IPoE connection using the ATM interface on
the ZyXEL Device, you must enter the static DNS server address.
Figure 40 WAN Configuration: DNS Server: PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE or IPoA
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 WAN Configuration: DNS Server: PPPoE or IPoE
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Obtain DNS info
from a WAN
interface
Select this to have the ZyXEL Device get the DNS server addresses
from the ISP automatically.
WAN interface
selected This displays the WAN interface you selected in the previous screen.
Use the following
Static DNS IP
address
Select this to have the ZyXEL Device use the DNS server addresses
you configure manually.
Primary DNS
server Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary
DNS server Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this button to continue.
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5.5.1.7 Configuration Summary
This read-only screen shows the current WAN connection settings.
Figure 41 WAN Configuration: Configuration Summary
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 WAN Configuration: Configuration Summary
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Connection Type This is the encapsulation method used by this connection.
Service Name This is the name of the service.
Service Category This is the ATM traffic class.
This field is blank for a PTM or Ethernet WAN connection.
IP Address This shows whether the WAN IP address is assigned by the ISP,
manually configured or not configurable.
Service State This shows whether this service is active or not.
NAT This shows whether NAT is active or not for this connection.
Full Cone NAT This shows whether full cone NAT is active or not for this connection.
Firewall This shows whether Firewall is active or not for this connection.
IGMP Multicast This shows whether IGMP multicasting is active or not for this
connection.
Quality Of
Service This shows whether QoS is active or not for this connection.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Apply/Save Click this button to save your changes.
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5.6 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL
Device features described in this chapter.
Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Device
can work in bridge mode or routing mode. When the ZyXEL Device is in routing
mode, it supports the following methods.
IP over Ethernet
IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered
across an Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed
between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that
they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates
routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.
ENET ENCAP
The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented
with the IP network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface
and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a
bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into
bridged ATM cells.
PPP over Ethernet
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing
functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF
standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a
broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that
works with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network
services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service
provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as
it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyXEL Device (rather than individual
computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed,
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since the ZyXEL Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of
the LANs’ computers will have access.
PPPoA
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A
PPPoA connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The ZyXEL Device
encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC
(Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (digital
access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA.
Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.
RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM
Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple
protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based multiplexing) and the second
method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit
(VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.
Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is
carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.
VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific
virtual circuit; for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be
dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is
fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information
being contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and
processing overhead, this method may be advantageous if it is not practical to
have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if charging heavily
depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate
the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This
agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real
time data such as audio and video connections.
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Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This
parameter may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM
cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum
PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is dependent on the
line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It
specifies the maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual
connection. SCR may not be greater than the PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at
the PCR. After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to
the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR
again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a
maximum value that correlates to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 42 Example of Traffic Shaping
ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic
Management 4.0 Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if
no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate
delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of
bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be
dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video
and voice.
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Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections.
Connections that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into
real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT) connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that
require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed
amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being
sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video conferencing. Video
conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement
varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty
connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is
commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst
levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection
would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers.
However, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the
network has spare bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer.
IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP
assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be
enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the
encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and default
gateway.
Full Cone NAT
In full cone NAT, the NAT router maps all outgoing packets from an internal IP
address and port to a single IP address and port on the external network. The NAT
router also maps packets coming to that external IP address and port to the
internal IP address and port.
In the following example, the ZyXEL Device maps the source address of all
packets sent from the internal IP address 1 and port A to IP address 2 and port B
on the external network. The ZyXEL Device also performs NAT on all incoming
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packets sent to IP address 2 and port B and forwards them to IP address 1, port
A.
Figure 43 Full Cone NAT Example
Symmetric NAT
The full, restricted and port restricted cone NAT types use the same mapping for
an outgoing packet’s source address regardless of the destination IP address and
port. In symmetric NAT, the mapping of an outgoing packet’s source address to a
source address in another network is different for each different destination IP
address and port.
In the following example, the ZyXEL Device maps the source address IP address 1
and port A to IP address 2 and port B on the external network for packets sent to
IP address 3 and port C. The ZyXEL Device uses a different mapping (IP address 2
and port M) for packets sent to IP address 4 and port D.
A host on the external network (IP address 3 and port C for example) can only
send packets to the internal host via the external IP address and port that the NAT
router used in sending a packet to the external host’s IP address and port. So in
2, B
1, A
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the example, only 3, C is allowed to send packets to 2, B and only 4, D is allowed
to send packets to 2, M.
Figure 44 Symmetric NAT
Introduction to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned
into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A
device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly
talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must
first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and
security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one
subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN,
thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same
building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and
more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments,
all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all
broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the
VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch
on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or
dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN
and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the
network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and
1, A 2, M
2, B
4, D
4, E
3, C
5, B
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contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/
length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information),
starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for
Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then
that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining
twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096
VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A
frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that
only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given
as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify
priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
Multicast
IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1
recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers
IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP
version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP
version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information
about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections
4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and
can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not
assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address
224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order
to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers
group.
At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather
group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this
information.
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 Bits
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204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must
know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The ZyXEL Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information
sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually
enter them in the DNS server fields.
2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the
ZyXEL Device’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server
address from the ISP.
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CHAPTER 6
LAN Setup
6.1 Overview
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many
computers are attached. A LAN is usually located in one immediate area such as a
building or floor of a building.
The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP
addresses.
• See Section 6.4 on page 97 for more information on LANs.
• See Appendix D on page 313 for more information on IP addresses and
subnetting.
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The LAN IP screen lets you set the LAN IP address and subnet mask of your
ZyXEL device and configure other LAN TCP/IP settings (Section 6.3 on page 95).
Internet
DSL
LAN
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6.2 What You Need To Know
IP Address
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do
computers on a LAN share one common network number. This is known as an
Internet Protocol address.
Subnet Mask
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP
address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by
the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows clients to obtain TCP/IP
configuration at start-up from a server. This ZyXEL Device has a built-in DHCP
server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that
support DHCP client capability.
DHCP Relay
You can also configure the ZyXEL Device to relay client DHCP requests to a DHCP
server and the server’s responses back to the clients.
RIP
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing
information with other routers.
Multicast and IGMP
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1
sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody
and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
There are two versions 1 and 2. IGMP version 2 is an improvement over version 1
but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use.
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DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without
it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The DNS
server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the client
machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
6.3 The LAN IP Screen
Click Network > LAN to open the IP screen. See Section 6.4 on page 97 for
background information. Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address
and subnet mask of your ZyXEL Device.
Figure 45 LAN > IP
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 22 LAN > IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
LAN TCP/IP
Group Name Select the interface group for which you want to configure the LAN
TCP/IP settings. See Chapter 19 on page 219 for how to create a new
interface group.
IP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your ZyXEL Device in
dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
IP Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for
example 255.255.255.0 (factory default).
DHCP Setup
Active DHCP Select this to have the ZyXEL Device act as a DHCP server or DHCP
relay agent.
Otherwise, deselect this to not have the ZyXEL Device provide any
DHCP services. The DHCP server will be disabled.
DHCP Server Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device assign IP addresses and
provide subnet mask, gateway, and DNS server information to the
network. The ZyXEL Device is the DHCP server for the network.
When the ZyXEL Device acts as a DHCP server, the following items
need to be set:
IP Pool
Starting
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP
address pool.
Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.
DHCP Relay Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device forward DHCP request to
the DHCP server.
Relay Server If you select DHCP Relay, enter the IP address of the DHCP server.
DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server
If you do not configure DNS servers, the ZyXEL Device uses its LAN IP address and tells
the DHCP clients on the LAN that itself is the DNS server. When a LAN client sends a DNS
query to the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL Device forwards the query to its system DNS server
you configured in the WAN screen.
First DNS
Server Enter the first DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the
ZyXEL Device passes to the DHCP clients.
Second DNS
Server Enter the second DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the
ZyXEL Device passes to the DHCP clients.
IGMP Snooping
Active IGMP
Snooping Select this option to enable IGMP snooping. This allows the ZyXEL
Device to passively learn multicast group.
Standard
Mode Select this to have the ZyXEL Device forward multicast packets to a
port that joins the multicast group and broadcast unknown multicast
packets from the WAN to all LAN ports.
Blocking Mode Select this to have the ZyXEL Device block all unknown multicast
packets from the WAN.
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6.4 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL
Device features described in this chapter.
LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device
The actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are
LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN
network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.
Figure 46 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a
server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you
turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else
the computer must be manually configured.
Active IP Alias Select the check box to configure another LAN network for the ZyXEL
Device.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation.
IP Subnet
Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for
example 255.255.255.0 (factory default).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Table 22 LAN > IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Internet
WAN
LAN
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IP Pool Setup
The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP
clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not
assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.
LAN TCP/IP
The ZyXEL Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses
and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do
computers on a LAN share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If
the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP
addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet
mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you
have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when
the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select
a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the
Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the ZyXEL Device. The Internet
Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for
private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise.
Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254
individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are
reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number
while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to
remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your ZyXEL Device, but make sure that
no other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP
address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by
the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are
isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you
can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet
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Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP
addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned
from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet
access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for
your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP
addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address
assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private
Internets” and RFC 1466, “Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.
Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1
sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody
and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP
version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP
version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information
about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections
4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and
can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not
assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address
224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order
to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers
group.
The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2
(IGMP-v2). At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks
to gather group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates
this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the ZyXEL Device LAN
and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to
disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
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IP Alias
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks
over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyXEL Device supports three logical LAN
interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyXEL Device itself as
the gateway for each LAN network.
When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access
between the LAN's logical networks (subnets).
Note: Make sure that the subnets of the logical networks do not overlap.
The following figure shows a LAN divided into subnets A and B.
Figure 47 Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks
Ethernet
Interface
A: 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.24
B: 192.168.2.1 - 192.168.2.24
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CHAPTER 7
Wireless LAN
7.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to perform tasks related to setting up and optimizing
your wireless network, including the following.
• Turning the wireless connection on or off.
• Configuring a name, wireless channel and security for the network.
• Using WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) to configure your wireless network.
• Using a MAC (Media Access Control) address filter to restrict access to the
wireless network.
See Chapter 2 on page 27 for a tutorial showing how to set up your wireless
connection in an example scenario.
See Section 7.10 on page 121 for advanced technical information on wireless
networks.
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
This chapter describes the ZyXEL Device’s Network > Wireless LAN screens.
Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Device’s wireless connection.
•The General screen lets you turn the wireless connection on or off, set up
wireless security and make other basic configuration changes (Section 7.4 on
page 105). You can also configure the MAC filter to allow or block access to the
ZyXEL Device based on the MAC addresses of the wireless stations.
•The More AP screen lets you set up multiple wireless networks on your ZyXEL
Device (Section 7.5 on page 114).
•Use the WPS screen and the WPS Station screen to use WiFi Protected Setup
(WPS). WPS lets you set up a secure network quickly, when connecting to other
WPS-enabled devices.
Use the WPS screen (see Section 7.6 on page 115) to enable or disable WPS,
generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) and see information
about the ZyXEL Device’s WPS status.
Use the WPS Station (see Section 7.7 on page 116) screen to set up WPS by
pressing a button or using a PIN.
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•The WDS screen lets you set up a Wireless Distribution System, in which the
ZyXEL Device acts as a bridge with other ZyXEL access points (Section 7.8 on
page 117).
•The Advanced Setup screen lets you change the wireless mode, and make
other advanced wireless configuration changes (Section 7.9 on page 119).
You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless
connection. For example, you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless
radio channel and some security in the General screen.
7.2 What You Need to Know
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie
radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking
devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is
just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information with radios
attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking
devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not
require a license to use. However, wireless networking is different from that of
most traditional radio communications in that there a number of wireless
networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.
Wireless Network Construction
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can
connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and
wireless clients, extending a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or
more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless
clients connect to one another in order to exchange information.
Network Names
Each network must have a name, referred to as the SSID - “Service Set
IDentifier”. The “service set” is the network, so the “service set identifier” is the
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network’s name. This helps you identify your wireless network when wireless
networks’ coverage areas overlap and you have a variety of networks to choose
from.
Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed,
civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into
numerous channels. This allows a variety of networks to exist in the same place
without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select
a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the
number of available channels also varies.
Wireless Security
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data
networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without
security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the
network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network s/he can either
steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to
compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have
been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data
network, or understand the data carried on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that
only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a
“key” phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the
information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can
understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are
given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the
old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at
all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are
secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For
example, the WPA-PSK security standard is perfectly secure if you use a long key
which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter
long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if
you use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word
from the dictionary.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just
people who have sensitive information on their network who should use security.
Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is
in place.
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A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use
obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a
way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your
mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point
(which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your
security key.
Signal Problems
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to
limitations of distance, interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with
interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference
may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control
communications, or from machines that are coincidental emitters such as electric
motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects
(such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
7.3 Before You Begin
Before you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See
Section 7.2 on page 102 if some of the terms used here do not make sense to
you.
• What wireless standards do the other wireless devices support (IEEE 802.11g,
for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?
• What security options do the other wireless devices support (WPA-PSK, for
example)? What is the best one to use?
• Do the other wireless devices support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)? If so, you
can set up a well-secured network very easily.
Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to
set up your network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although this
is somewhat more complicated to do.
• What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to
configure advanced options, ensure that you know precisely what you want to
do. If you do not want to configure advanced options, leave them alone.
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7.4 The General Screen
Note: If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to the
wireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL Device’s SSID or security settings,
you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You
must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the ZyXEL
Device’s new settings.
Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen.
Figure 48 Network > Wireless LAN > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active
Wireless LAN Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.
Channel
Selection Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region.
Either select a channel or use Auto to have the ZyXEL Device
automatically determine a channel to use. If you are having problems with
wireless interference, changing the channel may help. Try to use a channel
that is as many channels away from any channels used by neighboring APs
as possible. The channel number which the ZyXEL Device is currently
using then displays next to this field.
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Bandwidth Select whether the ZyXEL Device uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz
or 40MHz.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps
whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds
of up to 300 Mbps.
40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio
channels to increase throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40
MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz setting in a location where the
environment hinders the wireless signal.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless
devices in your neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support
channel bonding.
This field is available only when you set the 802.11 Mode to 802.11n
Only or 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the Advanced Setup screen.
Control
Sideband This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and
set the Bandwidth field to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set
in the Channel field) should be in the Lower or Upper range of channel
bands.
This field is available only when you set the 802.11 Mode to 802.11n
Only or 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the Advanced Setup screen.
Network
Name (SSID) The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a
wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access
point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32
printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Note: If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer
connected to the wireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL
Device’s SSID or WEP settings, you will lose your wireless
connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then
change the wireless settings of your computer to match the
ZyXEL Device’s new settings.
Hide Network
Name (SSID) Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a
station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Enable
Wireless
Multicast
Forwarding
(WMF)
Select this check box to allow the ZyXEL Device to transmit wireless
multicast traffic.
BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the ZyXEL Device
when wireless LAN is enabled.
Security
Mode See the following sections for more details about this field.
MAC Filter Click this button to go to the MAC Filter screen to configure whether the
wireless devices with the MAC addresses listed are allowed or denied to
access the ZyXEL Device using this SSID.
Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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7.4.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless devices to communicate with the access
points without any data encryption or authentication.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network
is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 49 Wireless LAN > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Apply Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Reset Click this to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 24 Wireless LAN > General: No Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security
Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.
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7.4.2 WEP Encryption
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN
to display the General screen. Select WEP from the Security Mode list.
Figure 50 Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security
Mode Choose WEP from the drop-down list box.
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7.4.3 WPA(2)-PSK
In order to configure and enable WPA(2)-PSK authentication; click Network >
Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
from the Security Mode list.
Figure 51 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSK
WEP
Encryption WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) provides data encryption to prevent
unauthorized wireless stations from accessing data transmitted over the
wireless network.
Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption.
Key 1 to Key
4The WEP key is used to secure your data from eavesdropping by
unauthorized wireless users. Both the ZyXEL Device and the wireless
stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
Only one key can be activated at any one time. Select a default key to use
for data encryption.
If you chose 64-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field, then enter any 5
characters (ASCII string) or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F")
preceded by 0x for each key.
If you chose 128-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field, then enter 13
characters (ASCII string) or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F")
preceded by 0x for each key.
Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 26 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Active
Compatible This field is only available for WPA2-PSK. Select this if you want the
ZyXEL Device to support WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously.
Encryption Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data
encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or
AES.
Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are
the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK
uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters
(including spaces and symbols).
Group Key
Update Timer The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using
WPA(2)-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA(2)
key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-
keying process is the WPA(2) equivalent of automatically changing the
WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis.
Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA(2)-
PSK mode. The ZyXEL Device default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).
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7.4.4 WPA(2) Authentication
Use this screen to configure and enable WPA or WPA2 authentication; click the
Wireless LAN link under Network to display the General screen. Select WPA or
WPA2 from the Security Mode list.
Figure 52 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 27 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.
Active Compatible This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the ZyXEL
Device to support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously.
Encryption Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data
encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or
AES.
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7.4.5 MAC Filter
This screen allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to
specific devices (Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the ZyXEL
Device (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control)
address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the
MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen.
WPA2
Preauthentication This field is available only when you select WPA2.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless
client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x
authentication with another AP before connecting to it. Select
Enabled to turn on preauthentication in WAP2. Otherwise, select
Disabled.
Network Re-auth
Interval This field is available only when you select WPA2.
Specify how often wireless clients have to resend usernames and
passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between
10 and 2147483647 seconds.
Note: If wireless client authentication is done using a RADIUS
server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server
has priority.
Group Key
Update Timer The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using
WPA(2)-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA(2)
key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-
keying process is the WPA(2) equivalent of automatically changing
the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis.
Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in
WPA(2)-PSK mode. The ZyXEL Device default is 1800 seconds (30
minutes).
Authentication Server
IP Address Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted
decimal notation.
Port Number Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The
default port number is 1812.
You need not change this value unless your network administrator
instructs you to do so with additional information.
Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be
shared between the external authentication server and the ZyXEL
Device.
The key must be the same on the external authentication server and
your ZyXEL Device. The key is not sent over the network.
Table 27 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s MAC filter settings. Click the Edit
button in the Wireless LAN > General screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 53 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.4.6 Adding a New MAC Filtering Rule
Click the Add button in the MAC Filter screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 54 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter > Add
Table 28 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAC Restrict
Mode
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the table below.
Select Disabled to turn off MAC address filtering.
Select Allow to permit access to the ZyXEL Device, MAC addresses not
listed will be denied access to the ZyXEL Device.
Select Deny to block access to the ZyXEL Device, MAC addresses not listed
will be allowed to access the ZyXEL Device
#This is the index number of the MAC address.
MAC
Address This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied
access to the ZyXEL Device.
Modify Click the Remove icon to delete the entry.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving changes.
Add Click this to create a new MAC filtering rule.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.5 The More AP Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple wireless networks on the
ZyXEL Device.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > More AP. The following screen displays.
Figure 55 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 29 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter > Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAC
Address Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied
access to the ZyXEL Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC
addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character
pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving changes.
Apply Click this to save your changes and go back to the previous screen.
Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of each SSID profile.
Active Select the check box to activate an SSID profile.
SSID An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the ZyXEL
Device’s BSSs. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service
Set with which a wireless device is associated.
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When
a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that
is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
Security This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
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7.5.1 More AP Edit
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the
More AP screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 56 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP: Edit
See Section 7.4 on page 105 for more details about the fields in this screen.
7.6 The WPS Screen
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your ZyXEL Device.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without
having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection
between two devices. Both devices must support WPS.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Click Network > Wireless LAN >WPS. The following screen displays.
Figure 57 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.7 The WPS Station Screen
Use this screen to set up a WPS wireless network using either Push Button
Configuration (PBC) or PIN Configuration.
Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WPS Setup
Enable WPS Select the check box to activate WPS on the ZyXEL Device.
PIN Number This shows the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the ZyXEL
Device. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want
to connect to using WPS.
The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.
Generate Click this button to have the ZyXEL Device create a new PIN.
WPS Status This displays Configured when the ZyXEL Device has connected to a
wireless network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or
wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and
wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there is no wireless
or wireless security changes on the ZyXEL Device.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
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Click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station. The following screen displays.
Figure 58 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.8 The WDS Screen
A Wireless Distribution System (WDS) is a wireless connection between two or
more APs. Use this screen to set up your WDS links between the ZyXEL Devices.
You need to know the MAC address of the peer device. Once the security settings
of peer sides match one another, the connection between the devices is made.
Note: You can use WDS only when wireless security is set to “No Security” or “WEP”.
The wireless security settings apply to both WDS links and the connections
between the ZyXEL Device and any wireless clients.
Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Push Button Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within
wireless range of the ZyXEL Device) to your wireless network.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within
two minutes of pressing this button.
Or input
station's PIN
number
Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection
with and click Start to authenticate and add the wireless device to your
wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking
the device’s settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes
to have it present its PIN to the ZyXEL Device.
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Note: At the time of writing, WDS is only compatible with other ZyXEL Devices of the
same model.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > WDS. The following screen displays. WDS is
turned on and this screen is configurable when the ZyXEL Device's wireless
security mode is No Security or WEP.
Figure 59 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WDS
Operating Mode Select the operating mode for your ZyXEL Device.
•Access Point + Bridge - The ZyXEL Device functions as a bridge
and access point simultaneously.
•Wireless Bridge - The ZyXEL Device acts as a wireless network
bridge and establishes wireless links with other APs. In this mode,
clients cannot connect to the ZyXEL Device wirelessly.
You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which must be of
the same model and also WDS-enabled. The ZyXEL Device can establish
up to four wireless links with other APs.
Bridge Restrict This field is available only when you set operating mode to Access
Point + Bridge.
Select Enabled to turn on WDS and enter the peer device’s MAC
address manually in the table below.
Select Enabled(Scan) to turn on WDS, search and display the
available APs within range in the table below.
Remote Bridges
MAC Address Enter the MAC address of the peer device that your ZyXEL Device wants
to make a bridge connection with.
You can connect to up to 4 peer devices.
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7.9 The Advanced Setup Screen
To configure advanced wireless settings, click Network > Wireless LAN >
Advanced Setup. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 60 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup
This is available only when you select Enabled(Scan) in the Bridge
Restrict field.
Select the check box and click Apply to have the ZyXEL Device
establish a wireless link with the selected wireless device.
SSID This is available only when you select Enabled(Scan) in the Bridge
Restrict field.
This shows the SSID of the available wireless device within range.
BSSID This is available only when you select Enabled(Scan) in the Bridge
Restrict field.
This shows the MAC address of the available wireless device within
range.
Refresh Click Refresh to update the Remote Bridges MAC Address table
when Bridge Restrict is set to Enabled(Scan).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to ZyXEL Device.
Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS
Threshold Enter a value between 0 and 2432.
Fragmentation
Threshold This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value
between 256 and 2432.
Number of
Wireless
Stations
Allowed
Specify the maximum number (from 1 to 64) of the wireless stations that
may connect to the ZyXEL Device.
Output Power Set the output power of the ZyXEL Device. If there is a high density of
APs in an area, decrease the output power to reduce interference with
other APs. Select one of the following 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or
100%.
Multicast Rate Select a data rate at which the ZyXEL Device transmits wireless multicast
traffic.
If you select a high rate, multicast traffic may occupy all the bandwidth
and cause network congestion.
802.11 Mode Select 802.11b Only to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g
compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. In this
mode, all wireless devices can only transmit at the data rates supported
by IEEE 802.11b.
Select 802.11g Only to allow IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to
associate with the ZyXEL Device. IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices
can associate with the ZyXEL Device only when they use the short
preamble type.
Select 802.11n Only to only allow IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. This can increase
transmission rates, although IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g clients will
not be able to connect to the ZyXEL Device.
Select 802.11b/g Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g
compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL
Device adjusts the transmission rate automatically according to the
wireless standard supported by the wireless devices.
Select 802.11 b/g/n mixed mode to allow both IEEE802.11b,
IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the ZyXEL Device. The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be
reduced.
802.11
Protection Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks
(networks with both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).
Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS
handshake. This helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance.
Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your
ZyXEL Device might be reduced in a mixed-mode network.
This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11
Mode to 802.11b Only.
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7.10 Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the
appendix.
7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 61 Example of a Wireless Network
Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list menu. Choices are Long
or Short. The default setting is Long. See the appendix for more
information.
This field is not configurable and the ZyXEL Device uses Short when you
set 802.11 Mode to 802.11g Only or 802.11n Only.
Apply Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Reset Click this to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Table 34 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
AB
AP
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The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network,
devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such
as the printer) or with the Internet. Your ZyXEL Device is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific
channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with
the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also
protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in
the ZyXEL Device’s Web Configurator.
Table 35 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices
are sometimes not aware of each other’s presence. This may cause
them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in
information colliding and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless
devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the
ZyXEL Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must
get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see
below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send
information to the ZyXEL Device.
Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are
two preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different
preamble mode than the ZyXEL Device does, it cannot communicate
with the ZyXEL Device.
Authentication The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use
the wireless network.
Fragmentation
Threshold A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks,
while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network
is not very busy.
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7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up
in the wireless network.
7.10.3.1 SSID
Normally, the ZyXEL Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID
in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the ZyXEL Device does
not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to
something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for
unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless
devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.
7.10.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number,
called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal
characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC
address for each device in the wireless network, see the device’s User’s Guide or
other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the ZyXEL Device which devices are
allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use
the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel,
and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not
matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the
MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use
the wireless network.
7.10.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to
use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network
before they can use it. However, every device in the wireless network has to
support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks.
These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user
in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you
do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for
your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the
wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore,
there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and
password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless
network.
7.10.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the
wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret
code, you cannot understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication.
(See Section 7.10.3.3 on page 123 for information about this.)
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA
or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no
encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the
wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network
with the ZyXEL Device and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is
no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only
supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up
Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still
possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information
pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your ZyXEL Device, you can also select
an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the
Table 36 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER
Weakest No Security
WPA
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest WPA2-PSK WPA2
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devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or
WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA
compatible option in the ZyXEL Device.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless
network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the
wireless network must have the same key.
7.10.4 WiFi Protected Setup
Your ZyXEL Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to
set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification,
defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without
having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works
between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s
documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device
itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification
Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two
devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another
device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a
secure network by themselves.
7.10.4.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each
WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need
to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS
PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical
button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
1Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one
another.
2Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its
configuration utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to
do this - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 7.7 on page 116).
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3Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the ZyXEL
Device you must press the WPS button for more than three seconds.
4Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the
network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the
enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless
clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list,
WPS was successful.
7.10.4.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This
may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can
generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you
want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify,
not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you
need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN
method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually
the wireless client) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless
router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the
second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security
information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or
wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN
method.
1Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
2Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s
Guide for how to do this.
3Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the
WPS section of the client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide
for how to find the WPS PIN - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 7.6 on page 115).
4Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
Note: If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another
device’s PIN, you can either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s
PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
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5Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
Note: Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device
itself.
6On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If
you can connect, WPS was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s
configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook
computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Figure 62 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
ENROLLEE
SECURE EAP TUNNEL
SSID
WPA(2)-PSK
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
COMMUNICATION
This device’s
WPS
Enter WPS PIN
WPS
from other device:
WPS PIN: 123456
WPS
START
WPS
START
REGISTRAR
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7.10.4.3 How WPS Works
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role.
One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security
settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives
network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible
Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-
PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is
already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates
the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook
computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.
Figure 63 How WPS works
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is
active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the
registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in
each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the
process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device.
SECURE TUNNEL
SECURITY INFO
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
COMMUNICATION
ACTIVATE
WPS
ACTIVATE
WPS
WPS HANDSHAKE
REGISTRARENROLLEE
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Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client
is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can
some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an
existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both
functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the
enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to
another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client
can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a
configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all
subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to
act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.
7.10.4.4 Example WPS Network Setup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1
are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In
this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar
randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is
unconfigured and has no existing information.
Figure 64 WPS: Example Network Step 1
In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1
supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with
the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use
the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it
REGISTRARENROLLEE
SECURITY INFO
CLIENT 1 AP1
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already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing
security information to Client 2.
Figure 65 WPS: Example Network Step 2
In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of
range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access
point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use
it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
Figure 66 WPS: Example Network Step 3
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 1 AP1
ENROLLEE
CLIENT 2
EXISTING CONNECTION
SECURITY INFO
CLIENT 1 AP1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 2
EXISTING CONNECTION
SECURITY INFO
ENROLLEE
AP2
EXISTING CONNECTION
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7.10.4.5 Limitations of WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client
communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll
multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the
first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee,
for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second
device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add
non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-
PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether
the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check
the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the
network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the
key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS
device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).
• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you
press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the
other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is
because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and
cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible
way for a hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two
devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be
unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open
the access point’s configuration interface and look at the list of associated
clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access
point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS
handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain
access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients
(usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown
MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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CHAPTER 8
Network Address Translation
(NAT)
8.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyXEL Device.
Network Address Translation (NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address
of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used
within one network to a different IP address known within another network.
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•The Port Forwarding screen lets you configure forward incoming service
requests to the server(s) on your local network (Section 8.3 on page 134).
•The Trigger Port screen lets you change the ZyXEL Device's trigger port
settings (Section 8.4 on page 137).
•The DMZ Host screen lets you configure a default server (Section 8.5 on page
142).
•The ALG screen lets you enable SIP ALG on the ZyXEL Device (Section 8.6 on
page 142).
8.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from
a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address)
before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back,
NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the
inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
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Port Forwarding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for
example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though
NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside
world.
8.3 The Port Forwarding Screen
This summary screen provides a summary of all port forwarding rules and their
configuration. In addition, this screen allows you to create new port forwarding
rules and delete existing rules.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded,
and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a
service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some
cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than
one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify
a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to
a port or a range of ports.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
To access this screen, click Network > NAT. The following screen appears.
Figure 67 NAT Port Forwarding
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 NAT Port Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service Name Select a pre-defined service from the drop-down list box. The pre-
defined service port number(s) and protocol will display in the External
port, Internal port and Protocol fields.
Otherwise, select User Define to open the Rule Setup screen where
you can manually enter the port number(s) and select the IP protocol.
WAN Interface Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
You must have already configured a WAN connection with NAT enabled.
Server IP
Address Enter the IP address of the server for the specified service.
External Port
Start Enter the original destination port for the packets.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External
Port End field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the
end port number in the External Port End field.
External Port
End Enter the last port of the original destination port range.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Port
Start field above and then enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that
begins with the port number in the External Port Start field above.
Internal Port
Start Enter the port number to which you want the ZyXEL Device to translate
the incoming port.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the Internal
Port End field.
For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you
want the incoming ports translated.
Internal Port
End Enter the last port of the translated port range.
Protocol This is the IP protocol.
Add Click this button to add a rule to the table below.
No. This is the rule index number (read-only).
Active This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Service Name This field displays the name of the service used by the packets for this
virtual server.
WAN Interface This field displays the WAN interface through which the service is
forwarded.
External Start
Port This is the first external port number that identifies a service.
External End
Port This is the last external port number that identifies a service.
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8.3.1 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen
This screen lets you create or edit a port forwarding rule. Select User Define in
the Service Name field or click the rule’s Edit icon in the Port Forwarding
screen to open the following screen.
Figure 68 Port Forwarding Edit
Internal Start
Port This is the first internal port number that identifies a service.
Internal End
Port This is the last internal port number that identifies a service.
Server IP
Address This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the port
forwarding rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note
that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
Table 37 NAT Port Forwarding (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
8.4 The Trigger Port Screen
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated
range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a
forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the
WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is
that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to
use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace
the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN
computer's IP address.
Table 38 Port Forwarding Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
This field is not editable if you are configuring a User Define rule.
Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule. This field is read-only if you click the
Edit icon in the Port Forwarding screen.
WAN Interface Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port forwarding
rules.
External Start
Port Enter the original destination port for the packets.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External
End Port field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the
end port number in the External End Port field.
External End
Port Enter the last port of the original destination port range.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Start
Port field above and then enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that
begins with the port number in the External Start Port field above.
Internal Start
Port Enter the port number here to which you want the ZyXEL Device to
translate the incoming port. For a range of ports, enter the first number
of the range to which you want the incoming ports translated.
Internal End
Port Enter the last port of the translated port range.
Server IP
Address Enter the inside IP address of the virtual server here.
Protocol Select the protocol supported by this virtual server. Choices are TCP,
UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to
dynamically take turns using the service. The ZyXEL Device records the IP address
of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a
specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the ZyXEL Device's
WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("open"
port), the ZyXEL Device forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer
that sent the request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes,
another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way
you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN
computer to use the application.
For example:
Figure 69 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
1Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
2Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the ZyXEL Device to record Jane’s
computer IP address. The ZyXEL Device associates Jane's computer IP address
with the "open" port range of 6970-7170.
3The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
4The ZyXEL Device forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
5Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or
times out. The ZyXEL Device times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram
Protocol) or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
Jane’s
Computer
Internet
Real Audio Server
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Click NAT > Trigger Port to open the following screen. Use this screen to view
and configure your ZyXEL Device’s trigger port settings.
Figure 70 Trigger Port
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 NAT Trigger Port
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service Name Select a pre-defined service from the drop-down list box. The pre-
defined service port number(s) and protocol will display in the Trigger
port, Open port and Protocol fields.
Otherwise, select User Define to open the Rule Setup screen where
you can manually enter the port number(s) and select the IP protocol.
WAN Interface Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Trigger Port The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers)
the ZyXEL Device to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent
the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Start This is the first port number that identifies a service.
End This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Protocol This is the IP protocol.
Open Port The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN
uses when it sends out a particular service. The ZyXEL Device forwards
the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the
LAN that requested the service.
Start This is the first port number that identifies a service.
End This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Protocol This is the IP protocol.
Add Click this button to add a rule to the table below.
No. This is the rule index number (read-only).
Active This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Server Name This field displays the name of the service used by the packets for this
virtual server.
WAN Interface This field displays the WAN interface through which the service is
forwarded.
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8.4.1 Trigger Port Configuration
This screen lets you create new port triggering rules. Click the Add icon in the
NAT - Trigger Port screen to open the following screen.
Figure 71 NAT > Trigger Port > Add
Trigger Start
Port This is the first trigger port number that identifies a service.
Trigger End
Port This is the last trigger port number that identifies a service.
Trigger Proto. This is the trigger IP protocol. 1 means TCP, 2 means UDP and 3 means
TCP/UDP.
Open Start
Port This is the first open port number that identifies a service.
Open End Port This is the last open port number that identifies a service.
Open Proto. This is the open IP protocol. 1 means TCP, 2 means UDP and 3 means
TCP/UDP.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent
rules move up by one when you take this action.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
Table 39 NAT Trigger Port (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 NAT > Port Triggering > Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
This field is not editable if you are configuring a User Define rule.
Service
Name Enter a name to identify this rule. This field is read-only if you click the Edit
icon in the Trigger Port screen.
WAN
Interface Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port triggering rules.
Trigger
Start Port The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the
ZyXEL Device to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the
traffic to a server on the WAN.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger End
Port Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger
Protocol Select the IP protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Open Start
Port The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses
when it sends out a particular service. The ZyXEL Device forwards the traffic
with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN that
requested the service.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Open End
Port Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Open
Protocol Select the IP protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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8.5 The DMZ Host Screen
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP
address. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the
NAT Port Forwarding Setup screen.
Figure 72 NAT > DMZ Host
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
8.6 The ALG Screen
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG
allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses
embedded in the data stream. The SIP ALG translates the ZyXEL Device’s private
IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to
use STUN or an outbound proxy if you enable the SIP ALG.
Table 41 NAT > DMZ Host
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default Server Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from
ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server, the ZyXEL Device
discards all packets received for ports that are not specified
in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
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Use this screen to enable or disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the ZyXEL Device. To
access this screen, click NAT > ALG.
Figure 73 NAT > ALG
Each field is described in the following table.
8.7 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL
Device features described in this chapter.
Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers
The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer
to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Please also refer to the
Supporting CD for more examples and details on port forwarding and NAT.
Table 42 NAT > ALG
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active SIP ALG Select this check box to allow SIP sessions to pass through the ZyXEL
Device. SIP is a signaling protocol used in VoIP (Voice over IP), the
sending of voice signals over Internet Protocol.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Table 43 Services and Port Numbers
SERVICES PORT NUMBER
ECHO 7
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 21
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 25
DNS (Domain Name System) 53
Finger 79
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web) 80
POP3 (Post Office Protocol) 110
NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) 119
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 161
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Port Forwarding Example
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in
the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP
address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP
addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a
single host on the Internet.
Figure 74 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
SNMP trap 162
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) 1723
Table 43 Services and Port Numbers
SERVICES PORT NUMBER
Internet
D=192.168.1.36
192.168.1.1
IP address assigned by ISP
A=192.168.1.33
B=192.168.1.34
C=192.168.1.35
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PART III
Security
Firewall (147)
Certificate (153)
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CHAPTER 9
Firewall
9.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the ZyXEL Device firewall
settings.
The ZyXEL Device firewall is a packet filtering firewall and restricts access based
on the source/destination computer network address of a packet and the type of
application.
9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Incoming screen lets you view and configure incoming IP filtering rules
(Section 9.3 on page 148).
9.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Basics
Computers share information over the Internet using a common language called
TCP/IP. TCP/IP, in turn, is a set of application protocols that perform specific
functions. An “extension number”, called the "TCP port" or "UDP port" identifies
these protocols, such as HTTP (Web), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), POP3 (E-mail),
etc. For example, Web traffic by default uses TCP port 80.
When computers communicate on the Internet, they are using the client/server
model, where the server "listens" on a specific TCP/UDP port for information
requests from remote client computers on the network. For example, a Web
server typically listens on port 80. Please note that while a computer may be
intended for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also
active. If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful, a hacker
could attack it over an unprotected port.
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Some of the most common IP ports are:
Default Filtering Policies
Filtering rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which
they apply.
The default rule for incoming traffic blocks all incoming connections from the WAN
to the LAN. If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN,
you will need to create custom rules to allow it.
Note: If you configure filtering rules without a good understanding of how they work,
you might inadvertently introduce security risks to the firewall and to the
protected network. Make sure you test your rules after you configure them.
These custom rules work by comparing the Source IP address, Destination IP
address and IP protocol type of network traffic to rules set by the administrator.
Your customized rules take precedence and override the ZyXEL Device’s default
rules.
9.3 The Firewall Screen
Click Security > Firewall > Incoming to display the following screen. This
screen displays a list of the configured incoming filtering rules.
Figure 75 Firewall > Incoming
Table 44 Common IP Ports
21 FTP 53 DNS
23 Telnet 80 HTTP
25 SMTP 110 POP3
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Firewall > Incoming
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Firewall Select this check box to enable the firewall on the ZyXEL Device. When
the firewall is enabled, the ZyXEL Device blocks all incoming traffic from
the WAN to the LAN. Create custom rules below to allow certain WAN
users to access your LAN or to allow traffic from the WAN to a certain
computer on the LAN.
Active Select this check box to enable the rule.
Filter Name This displays the name of the rule.
Interfaces This displays the WAN interface(s) to which this rule is applied.
Protocol This displays the IP protocol that defines the service to which this rule
applies.
Source Address
/ Mask This displays the source IP addresses and subnet mask to which this
rule applies. Please note that a blank source address is equivalent to
Any.
Source Port This is the source port number.
Dest. Address /
Mask This displays the destination IP addresses and subnet mask to which
this rule applies. Please note that a blank destination address is
equivalent to Any.
Dest. Port This is the destination port number.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent
rules move up by one when you take this action.
Add Click Add to create a new rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
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9.3.1 Creating Incoming Firewall Rules
In the Incoming screen, click Add to display this screen and refer to the following
table for information on the labels.
Figure 76 Firewall > Incoming: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Firewall > Incoming: Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to enable the rule.
Filter Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 printable English keyboard
characters, including spaces.
To add a firewall rule, you need to configure at least one of the
following fields (except the Interface field).
Protocol Select the IP protocol (TCP/UDP, TCP, UDP or ICMP) and enter the
protocol (service type) number in the port field. Select NONE to apply
the rule to any protocol.
Source IP
Address Enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Source Subnet
Mask Enter the source subnet mask.
Source Port Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the source.
Destination IP
Address Enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation.
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Destination
Subnet Mask Enter the destination subnet mask.
Destination Port Enter the port number of the destination.
Interface Select Select All to apply the rule to all interfaces on the ZyXEL
Device or select the specific WAN interface(s) to which this rule
applies.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Table 46 Firewall > Incoming: Add (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 10
Certificate
10.1 Overview
The ZyXEL Device can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate
users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the
certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange
public keys for use in authentication.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•The Local Certificates screen lets you generate certification requests and
import the ZyXEL Device's CA-signed certificates (Section 10.4 on page 161).
•The Trusted CA screen lets you save the certificates of trusted CAs to the
ZyXEL Device (Section 10.4 on page 161).
10.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Certification Authority
A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of
each certificate owner. There are commercial certification authorities like
CyberTrust or VeriSign and government certification authorities. The certification
authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can then use the
certification authority's public key to verify the certificates. You can use the ZyXEL
Device to generate certification requests that contain identifying information and
public keys and then send the certification requests to a certification authority.
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10.3 The Local Certificates Screen
Click Security > Certificates to open the Local Certificates screen. This is the
ZyXEL Device’s summary list of certificates and certification requests.
Figure 77 Local Certificates
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 Local Certificates
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is
recommended that you give each certificate a unique name.
In Use This field displays how many applications use the certificate.
Subject This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner,
such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department),
O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that
each certificate have unique subject information.
Type This field displays what kind of certificate this is.
request represents a certification request and is not yet a valid
certificate. Send a certification request to a certification authority, which
then issues a certificate. Use the Load Certificate screen to import the
certificate and replace the request.
signed represents a certificate issued by a certification authority.
Modify Click the View button to open a screen with an in-depth list of
information about the certificate (or certification request).
Click the Load Signed button to import a valid certification to replace
the request.
Click the Remove button to delete the certificate (or certification
request). You cannot delete a certificate that one or more features is
configured to use.
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10.3.1 Create Certificate Request
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Create Certificate
Request to open the My Certificate Create screen. Use this screen to have the
ZyXEL Device generate a certification request.
Figure 78 Create Certificate Request
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Create
Certificate
Request
Click this button to go to the screen where you can have the ZyXEL
Device generate a certification request.
Import
Certificate Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate
that you have enrolled from a certification authority from your
computer to the ZyXEL Device.
Table 47 Local Certificates (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 48 Create Certificate Request
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate Name Type up to 31 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this
certificate.
Common Name Select a radio button to identify the certificate’s owner by IP address,
domain name or e-mail address. Type the IP address (in dotted
decimal notation), domain name or e-mail address in the field
provided. The domain name or e-mail address can be up to 31 ASCII
characters. The domain name or e-mail address is for identification
purposes only and can be any string.
Organization Name Type up to 127 characters to identify the company or group to which
the certificate owner belongs. You may use any character, including
spaces, but the ZyXEL Device drops trailing spaces.
State/Province
Name Type up to 127 characters to identify the state or province where the
certificate owner is located. You may use any character, including
spaces, but the ZyXEL Device drops trailing spaces.
Country/Region
Name Select a country to identify the nation where the certificate owner is
located.
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After you click Apply, the Certificate Request Details screen displays. Click
Load Signed Certificate to import a certificate signed by the CA to replace the
request (see Section 10.3.4 on page 160). Otherwise, click Back to return to the
Local Certificates screen. See Section 10.3.3 on page 158 for field information.
Figure 79 Certificate Request Details
10.3.2 Import Certificate
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Import
Certificate to open the Import Local Certificate screen. Follow the instructions
in this screen to save an existing certificate to the ZyXEL Device.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click Apply to begin certificate or certification request generation.
Table 48 Create Certificate Request (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can
import it.
Figure 80 Import Local Certificate
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Import Local Certificate
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate
Name Type up to 31 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this
certificate.
Certificate Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL
Device.
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10.3.3 Certificate Details
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates to open the My Certificates
screen (see Figure 77 on page 154). Click the View icon to open the Certificate
Details screen. Use this screen to view in-depth certificate information and
change the certificate’s name.
Private
Key Copy and paste the private key into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL
Device.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click Apply to save the certificate on the ZyXEL Device.
Table 49 Import Local Certificate
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 81 Certificate Details
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.3.4 Load Signed Certificate
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Load Signed or
the Load Signed Certificate button in the Certificate Details screen of a
certification request to open the Load Certificate screen. Follow the instructions
in this screen to save a valid certificate to replace the request.
Table 50 Certificate Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want
to change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this
certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces).
Type This field displays general information about the certificate. signed
means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. request
means this is a certification request.
Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the
certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organization (O), State (ST)
and Country (C).
Certificate This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced
Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the
binary certificate into a printable form.
This displays null in a certification request.
You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to
friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a
text editor and save the file on a management computer for later
distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Private Key This read-only text box displays the private key in Privacy Enhanced
Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the
binary certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste the private key into an e-mail to send to
friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a
text editor and save the file on a management computer for later
distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Signing Request This read-only text box displays the request information in Privacy
Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to
convert the binary certificate into a printable form.
This displays null in a signed certificate.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Load Signed
Certificate This button is available only in a certification request details screen
Click this to import a certificate signed by the CA to replace the
request.
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Figure 82 Load Certificate
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.4 The Trusted CA Screen
Click Advanced Setup > Certificates > Trusted CA to open the following
screen. This screen displays a summary list of certificates of the certification
authorities that you have set the ZyXEL Device to accept as trusted. The ZyXEL
Device accepts any valid certificate signed by a certification authority on this list
Table 51 Load Certificate
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate
Name This field is read-only and displays the identifying name of this certificate.
Certificate Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL
Device.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click Apply to save the certificate on the ZyXEL Device.
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as being trustworthy; thus you do not need to import any certificate that is signed
by one of these certification authorities.
Figure 83 Trusted CA
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 52 Trusted CA
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name This field displays the name used to identify this certificate.
Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the
certificate, such as Common Name (CN), OU (Organizational Unit or
department), Organization (O), State (ST) and Country (C). It is
recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Type This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means
that a Certification Authority signed the certificate.
Action Click View to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about
the certificate.
Click Remove to delete the certificate.
Import
Certificate Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate of
a certification authority that you trust to the ZyXEL Device.
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10.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate
Click the View button in the Trusted CA screen to open the following screen. Use
this screen to view in-depth information about the certification authority’s
certificate.
Figure 84 Trusted CA: View
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 53 Trusted CA: View
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate.
Type This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means
that a Certification Authority signed the certificate.
Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the
certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU),
Organization (O) and Country (C).
Certificate This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced
Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the binary
certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to friends
or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a text
editor and save the file on a management computer for later
distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
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10.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate
Click the Import Certificate button in the Trusted CA screen to open the
following screen. The ZyXEL Device trusts any valid certificate signed by any of
the imported trusted CA certificates.
Figure 85 Trusted CA: Import Certificate
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 54 Trusted CA: Import Certificate
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate Name Enter the name that identifies this certificate.
Certificate Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the
ZyXEL Device.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
165
PART IV
Advanced
Static Route (167)
Policy Forwarding (171)
RIP (175)
Quality of Service (QoS) (177)
Dynamic DNS Setup (191)
Remote Management (193)
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (199)
Parental Control (213)
Interface Group (217)
166
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CHAPTER 11
Static Route
11.1 Overview
The ZyXEL Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from
computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the ZyXEL Device send data to
devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the ZyXEL
Device’s LAN interface. The ZyXEL Device routes most traffic from A to the
Internet through the ZyXEL Device’s default gateway (R1). You create one static
route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create
another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3
connected to the LAN.
Figure 86 Example of Static Routing Topology
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Static Route screens let you view and configure IP static routes on the ZyXEL
Device (Section 11.2 on page 168).
WAN
R1
R2
A
R3
LAN
Internet
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11.2 The Static Route Screen
Click Advanced > Static Route to open the Static Route screen.
Figure 87 Advanced > Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 55 Advanced > Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#This is the number of an individual static route.
Active This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.
Routing is always based on network number.
Netmask This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final
destination.
Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch
on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The
gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
Interface This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route
on the ZyXEL Device.
Click the Remove icon to remove a static route from the ZyXEL Device. A
window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
Add Click this to create a new rule.
Apply Click this to apply your changes to the ZyXEL Device.
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11.2.1 Static Route Edit
Click the Add button in the Static Route screen. Use this screen to configure the
required information for a static route.
Figure 88 Static Route: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 Static Route: Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Destination IP
Address This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.
Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a
route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the
subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host
ID.
IP Subnet
Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Use Interface Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have
the WAN interface(s) already configured in the WAN screens.
Use Gateway
IP Address Select this option and enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The
gateway is a router or switch on the same segment as your ZyXEL
Device's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 12
Policy Forwarding
12.1 Overview
Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the ZyXEL
Device takes the shortest path to forward a packet. Policy forwarding allows the
ZyXEL Device to override the default routing behavior and alter the packet
forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-based
routing is applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing.
You can use source-based policy forwarding to direct traffic from different users
through different connections or distribute traffic among multiple paths for load
sharing.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Policy Forwarding screens let you view and configure routing policies on the
ZyXEL Device (Section 12.2 on page 171).
12.2 The Static Route Screen
Click Advanced > Policy Forwarding to open the Policy Forwarding screen.
Figure 89 Advanced > Policy Forwarding
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
12.2.1 Policy Forwarding Setup
Click the Add button in the Policy Forwarding screen. Use this screen to
configure the required information for a policy route.
Figure 90 Policy Forwarding: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 57 Advanced > Policy Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Policy Name This is the name of the rule.
SourceIP This is the source IP address.
Protocol This is the IP protocol.
SourcePort This is the source port number.
SourceMAC This is the source MAC address.
Interface This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed.
Remove Click the icon to remove a rule from the ZyXEL Device. A window displays
asking you to confirm that you want to delete the rule.
Add Click this to create a new rule.
Table 58 Policy Forwarding: Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Policy Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 printable English keyboard
characters, including spaces.
Source IP
Address Enter the source IP address.
Protocol Select the IP protocol (TCP or UDP).
Source Port Enter the source port number.
Use Interface Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have
the WAN interface(s) already configured in the WAN screens.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
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Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 58 Policy Forwarding: Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 13
RIP
13.1 Overview
Routing Information Protocol (RIP, RFC 1058 and RFC 1389) allows a device to
exchange routing information with other routers.
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The RIP screen lets you set up RIP settings on the ZyXEL Device (Section 13.2 on
page 175).
13.2 The RIP Screen
Click Advanced > RIP to open the RIP screen.
Figure 91 Advanced > RIP
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Advanced > RIP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Interface This is the name of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Version The RIP version controls the format and the broadcasting method of the
RIP packets that the ZyXEL Device sends (it recognizes both formats
when receiving). RIP version 1 is universally supported but RIP version 2
carries more information. RIP version 1 is probably adequate for most
networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.
Operation Select Passive to have the ZyXEL Device update the routing table based
on the RIP packets received from neighbors but not advertise its route
information to other routers in this interface.
Select Active to have the ZyXEL Device advertise its route information
and also listen for routing updates from neighboring routers.
Enabled Select the check box to activate the settings.
Apply/Save Click Apply/Save to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
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CHAPTER 14
Quality of Service (QoS)
14.1 Overview
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with
minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of
bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the
network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and
make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-
demand.
Configure QoS on the ZyXEL Device to group and prioritize application traffic and
fine-tune network performance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:
1Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows.
2Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow.
The ZyXEL Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet
accordingly. Packets assigned a high priority are processed more quickly than
those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications
to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require
a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as
Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a
problem such as Internet radio or streaming video.
This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers.
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•The General screen lets you lets you enable or disable QoS and set the default
DSCP value for incoming traffic does not match a class (Section 14.3 on page
178).
•The Queue Setup screen lets you lets you configure QoS queue assignment
(Section 14.4 on page 180).
•The Class Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section
14.5 on page 182).
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•The Monitor screen lets you view the ZyXEL Device's QoS-related packet
statistics (Section 14.6 on page 188).
14.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
QoS versus Cos
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same
flow are given the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic
in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as
a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different packet types.
CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated
Services or DS). IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet
header, while DiffServ is a new protocol and defines a new DS field, which replaces
the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header.
Tagging and Marking
In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ
Code Point) value, IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched
packet. When the packet passes through a compatible network, the networking
device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or service
based on the tag or marker.
14.3 The Quality of Service General Screen
Click Advanced Setup > Quality of Service to open the screen as shown next.
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Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the default DSCP value for
incoming traffic does not match a class. See Section 14.1 on page 177 for more
information.
Figure 92 QoS General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 QoS General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active QoS Select the check box to turn on QoS to improve your network
performance.
WAN Managed
Upstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interface that you
want to allocate using QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interface’s actual
transmission speed. For example, set the WAN interface speed to
100000 kbps if your Internet connection has an upstream transmission
speed of 100 Mbps.
You can set this number higher than the interface’s actual transmission
speed. The ZyXEL Device uses up to 95% of the DSL port’s actual
upstream transmission speed even if you set this number higher than
the DSL port’s actual transmission speed.
You can also set this number lower than the interface’s actual
transmission speed. This will cause the ZyXEL Device to not use some of
the interface’s available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the ZyXEL Device automatically sets this
number to be 95% of the DSL port’s actual upstream transmission
speed.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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14.4 The Queue Setup Screen
Click QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.
Figure 93 QoS Queue Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61 QoS Queue Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Click this button to create a new entry.
No. This is the index number of this entry.
Active Select the check box to enable the queue.
Name This shows the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface This shows the name of the ZyXEL Device’s interface through which traffic
in this queue passes.
Priority This shows the priority of this queue.
Weight This shows the weight of this queue.
Buffer
Management This shows the queue management algorithm used by the ZyXEL Device.
Rate Limit This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this
queue.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the queue.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent
rules move up by one when you take this action.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
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14.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue
Click the Add button or the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a
queue.
Figure 94 QoS Queue Setup: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 62 QoS Queue Setup: Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select to enable or disable this queue.
Name Enter the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface Select the interface to which this queue is applied.
Priority Select the priority level (from 1 to 3) of this queue.
The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to
higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority
queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Weight Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue.
If two queues have the same priority level, the ZyXEL Device divides the
bandwidth across the queues according to their weights. Queues with
larger weights get more bandwidth than queues with smaller weights.
Buffer
Management This field displays Drop Tail (DT) and the ZyXEL Device drops the newly
arriving packet when the queue is full.
Rate Limit Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on
this queue.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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14.5 The Class Setup Screen
Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into
data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination
address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface. For
example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol
port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
You can give different priorities to traffic that the ZyXEL Device forwards out
through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run
more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that
they do not reduce the quality of other applications.
Click QoS > Class Setup to open the following screen.
Figure 95 QoS Class Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 63 QoS Class Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Click this button to create a new classifier.
Order This field displays the index number of the classifier.
Active Select the check box to enable the classifier.
Class Name This is the name of the classifier.
Classification
Criteria This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface
from which traffic of this class should come and the source MAC
address of traffic that matches this classifier.
Forward To This is the interface through which traffic that matches this classifier is
forwarded out.
DSCP Mark This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.
802.1P Mark This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this
classifier.
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VLAN ID Tag This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.
To Queue This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the
classifier.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that
subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Table 63 QoS Class Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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14.5.1 QoS Class Edit
Click the Add button or the Edit icon in the Class Setup screen to configure a
classifier.
Figure 96 QoS Class Setup: Add
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 64 QoS Class Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Class
Configuration
Active Select to enable or disable this classifier.
Class Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 20 printable English keyboard
characters, including spaces.
Classification
Order Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to
move the classifier to the number you selected after clicking Apply.
Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.
Forward to
Interface Select a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be
forwarded out. If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device forward
traffic of this class according to the default routing table.
DSCP Mark This field is available only when you select the Ether Type check box.
If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the ZyXEL Device
replaces the DSCP field in the packets.
If you select Auto Mapping and there is a VLAN tag carried in the
matched packets, the ZyXEL Device will replace the IP ToS field with
the 802.1p priority field.
If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device keep the DSCP field in the
packets.
802.1p Mark Select a priority level with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the IEEE
802.1p priority field in the packets.
If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device keep the 802.1p priority
field in the packets.
VLAN ID Tag If you select Remark, enter a VLAN ID number (between 1 and 4095)
with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the VLAN ID of the frames.
If you select Remove, the ZyXEL Device deletes the VLAN ID of the
frames before forwarding them out.
If you select Add, the ZyXEL Device treat all matched traffic untagged
and add a second VLAN ID.
If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device keep the VLAN ID in the
packets.
To Queue Select a queue that applies to this class.
You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen
already.
Criteria Configuration
Use the following fields to configure the criteria for traffic classification.
Basic
From Interface Select from which Ethernet port or wireless interface traffic of this
class should come.
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Ether Type Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched
traffic.
If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC
address, IP address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select 8021Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level and
VLAN ID in the Others section.
Source
MAC Address Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits
a packet’s MAC address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the
traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the
matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal
character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a
MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
IP Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted
decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP
address.
IP Subnet
Mask Enter the source subnet mask.
TCP/UDP Port
Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check
box and enter the port number(s) of the source.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified
criteria from this classifier.
Destination
MAC Address Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the
packet.
MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits
a packet’s MAC address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the
traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the
matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal
character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a
MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
IP Address Select the check box and enter the destination IP address in dotted
decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP
address.
IP Subnet
Mask Enter the destination subnet mask.
TCP/UDP Port
Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check
box and enter the port number(s) of the source.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified
criteria from this classifier.
Others
Table 64 QoS Class Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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802.1P This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type
field.
Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from
the drop down list box.
"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.
VLAN ID This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type
field.
Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number between 1 and 4095.
IP Protocol This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP,
UDP, ICMP or IGMP. If you select User defined, enter the protocol
(service type) number.
IP Packet
Length This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet
length (from 28 to 1500) in the fields provided.
DSCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number
between 0 and 63 in the field provided.
TCP ACK This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the
ACK (Acknowledge) flag.
DHCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select a DHCP option.
If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Vendor
Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic, such as the type of
the hardware or firmware.
If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter a string that
identifies the user’s category or application type in the matched DHCP
packets.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified
criteria from this classifier.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 64 QoS Class Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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14.6 The QoS Monitor Screen
To view the ZyXEL Device’s QoS packet statistics, click Advanced > QoS >
Monitor. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 97 QoS > Monitor
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 65 QoS > Monitor
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen.
Select No Refresh to stop refreshing statistics.
Interface Monitor
No. This is the index number of the entry.
Name This shows the name of the WAN interface on the ZyXEL Device.
Pass This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are
transmitted successfully.
Drop This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are
dropped.
Queue Monitor
No. This is the index number of the entry.
Name This shows the name of the queue.
Pass This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are transmitted
successfully.
Drop This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are dropped.
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14.7 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL
Device features described in this chapter.
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to
identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the
12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a
specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame
across the network.
IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic
types. The following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
DiffServ
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow
are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different
priorities to different packet types.
DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks
packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant
network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow.
Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of
Table 66 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type
PRIORITY
LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPE
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration
messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to
jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA
(Systems Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would
include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk
transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and
users.
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
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service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices
to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to
negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition,
applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of
where the traffic is going.
DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of
Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and
a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure
illustrates the DS field.
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so
that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the
DSCP mapping.
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior),
that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule,
different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources
can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.
DSCP (6 bits) Unused (2 bits)
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CHAPTER 15
Dynamic DNS Setup
15.1 Overview
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or
many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-
SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own
computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a
name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that
changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with
www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP
server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service
provider will give you a password or key.
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 15.3 on page 192) to enable DDNS and
configure the DDNS settings on the ZyXEL Device.
15.2 What You Need To Know
DYNDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be
aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if
you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach
your hostname.
If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
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15.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen
To change your ZyXEL Device’s DDNS, click Advanced > Dynamic DNS. The
screen appears as shown.
Figure 98 Advanced > Dynamic DNS
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 67 Advanced > Dynamic DNS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service
Provider Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Host Name Type the domain name assigned to your ZyXEL Device by your Dynamic
DNS provider.
You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma
(",").
Interface Select the WAN interface to use for updating the IP address of the
domain name.
User Name Type your user name.
Password Type the password assigned to you.
Email If you select TZO in the Service Provider field, enter the user name
you used to register for this service.
Key If you select TZO in the Service Provider field, enter the password you
used to register for this service.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 16
Remote Management
16.1 Overview
This chapter explains how to configure the TR-069 settings and access control
settings on the ZyXEL Device.
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•The TR-069 screen lets you configure the ZyXEL Device’s TR-069 auto-
configuration settings (Section 16.3 on page 195).
•The TR-064 screen lets you enable management via TR-064 on the ZyXEL
Device (Section 16.3 on page 195)
•The Service Control screens let you configure through which interface(s) users
can use which service(s) to manage the ZyXEL Device (Section 16.4 on page
196).
•The IP Address screens let you configure from which IP address(es) users can
use a service to manage the ZyXEL Device (Section 16.5 on page 197).
16.2 The TR-069 Screen
TR-069 defines how Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), for example your ZyXEL
Device, can be managed over the WAN by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS).
TR-069 is based on sending Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) between an ACS and a
client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format over
HTTP or HTTPS.
An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the ZyXEL Device, modify
settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the ZyXEL
Device. You have enable the device to be managed by the ACS and specify the
ACS IP address or domain name and username and password.
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Click Advanced > Remote MGMT to open the following screen. Use this screen
to configure your P-870HN to be managed by an ACS.
Figure 99 TR-069
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 68 TR-069
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Inform Select Enable to activate remote management via TR-069 on the
WAN. Otherwise, select Disable.
Inform Interval Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the ZyXEL Device sends
information to the auto-configuration server.
ACS URL Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server.
ACS User Name Enter the TR-069 user name for authentication with the auto-
configuration server.
ACS Password Enter the TR-069 password for authentication with the auto-
configuration server.
WAN Interface
used by TR-069
client
Select a WAN interface through which the TR-069 traffic passes.
Display SOAP
messages on
serial console
Select Enable to show the SOAP messages on the console.
Connection
Request
Authentication
Select this option to enable authentication when there is a connection
request from the ACS.
Connection
Request User
Name
Enter the connection request user name.
When the ACS makes a connection request to the ZyXEL Device, this
user name is used to authenticate the ACS.
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16.3 The TR-064 Screen
TR-064 is a LAN-Side DSL CPE Configuration protocol defined by the DSL Forum.
TR-064 is built on top of UPnP. It allows the users to use a TR-064 compliant CPE
management application on the their computers from the LAN to discover the CPE
and configure user-specific parameters, such as the username and password.
Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > TR064 to open the following screen.
Figure 100 TR-064
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Connection
Request
Password
Enter the connection request password.
When the ACS makes a connection request to the ZyXEL Device, this
password is used to authenticate the ACS.
Connection
Request URL This shows the connection request URL.
The ACS can use this URL to make a connection request to the ZyXEL
Device.
Apply/Save Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 68 TR-069 (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 69 TR-064
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enanble TR064 Select the check box to activate management via TR-064 on the LAN.
Apply Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
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16.4 The Service Control Screen
Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > Service Control to open the following
screen. Use this screen to decide what services you may use to access which
ZyXEL Device interface.
Figure 101 Service Control
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 70 Access Control: Services
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service Control Select Enable to turn on service control. Otherwise, select Disable.
# This is the index number of the entry.
Services This is the service you may use to access the ZyXEL Device.
LAN Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you
want to allow access to the ZyXEL Device from the LAN.
WAN Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you
want to allow access to the ZyXEL Device from the WAN.
Apply Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
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16.5 The IP Address Screen
Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > IP Address to open the following screen.
Use this screen to specify the “trusted” computers from which an administrator
may use a service to manage the ZyXEL Device.
Figure 102 IP Address
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 71 IP Address
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Access Control
Mode Select Enable to activate the secured client list. Select Disable to
disable the list without deleting it.
IP Address This is the IP address of the trusted computer from which you can
manage the ZyXEL Device.
Remove Select this check box and click the Remove button to delete this entry
from the ZyXEL Device.
Add Click this button to create a new entry.
Remove Click this button to delete the selected entry.
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16.5.1 Adding an IP Address
Click the Add button in the IP Address screen to open the following screen.
Figure 103 IP Address: Add
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 72 IP Address: Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Enter the IP address of the trusted computer from which you can
manage the ZyXEL Device.
Apply/Save Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Back Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving.
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CHAPTER 17
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
17.1 Overview
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that
uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A
UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its
capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can
leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The UPnP screen lets you enable UPnP on the ZyXEL Device (Section 17.3 on
page 200).
17.2 What You Need to Know
How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder
(Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear
as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the
information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate
through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network
addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and
enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows
the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
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Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal
and UPnP.
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own
services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network
information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some
network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast
message. For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device allows multicast messages on
the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without
additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP and ZyXEL
ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum
UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports
Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0.
See the following sections for examples of installing and using UPnP.
17.3 The UPnP Screen
Click Advanced > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
See Section 17.1 on page 199 for more information.
Figure 104 Advanced > UPnP