ZyXEL Communications VMG1312B10D Wireless N VDSL2 Gateway with USB User Manual Book
ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless N VDSL2 Gateway with USB Book
Contents
- 1. User Manual-1
- 2. User Manual-2
User Manual-1
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VMG1312-B10D
Wireless N VDSL2 Gateway with USB
Version 5.11
Edition 2, 03/2016
User’s Guide
Default Login Details
LAN IP Address
http://192.168.1.1
Login
admin, user
Password
1234, user
Copyright © 2016 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Screenshots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from your product due to differences in
your product firmware or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure
that the information in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the VMG and get up and running right away.
•
More Information
Go to support.zyxel.com to find other information on the VMG.
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
User’s Guide ....................................................................................................................................... 14
Introducing the VMG ...............................................................................................................................15
The Web Configurator .............................................................................................................................21
Quick Start ...............................................................................................................................................28
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................................31
Technical Reference .......................................................................................................................... 53
Network Map and Status Screens ...........................................................................................................54
Broadband ...............................................................................................................................................59
Wireless ..................................................................................................................................................87
Home Networking .................................................................................................................................. 116
Routing ..................................................................................................................................................132
Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................................139
Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................157
Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................................173
VLAN Group ..........................................................................................................................................177
Interface Grouping ................................................................................................................................179
USB Service ..........................................................................................................................................184
Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................189
MAC Filter .............................................................................................................................................196
Parental Control ....................................................................................................................................198
Scheduler Rule ......................................................................................................................................202
Certificates ............................................................................................................................................204
Log ....................................................................................................................................................... 211
Traffic Status ........................................................................................................................................214
ARP Table .............................................................................................................................................217
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................................219
Multicast Status ....................................................................................................................................221
xDSL Statistics ......................................................................................................................................223
3G Statistics .........................................................................................................................................226
System ..................................................................................................................................................228
User Account .........................................................................................................................................229
Remote Management ............................................................................................................................231
SNMP ....................................................................................................................................................234
Time Settings ........................................................................................................................................236
E-mail Notification .................................................................................................................................239
Logs Setting .........................................................................................................................................241
Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................................244
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Backup/Restore .....................................................................................................................................246
Diagnostic .............................................................................................................................................249
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................253
Appendices ...................................................................................................................................... 260
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Contents Overview .............................................................................................................................. 3
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. 5
Part I: User’s Guide ......................................................................................... 14
Chapter 1
Introducing the VMG .......................................................................................................................... 15
1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................15
1.2 Ways to Manage the VMG ................................................................................................................15
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the VMG .................................................................................................15
1.4 Applications for the VMG .................................................................................................................16
1.4.1 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................16
1.4.2 VMG’s USB Support ................................................................................................................17
1.5 Wireless Access ................................................................................................................................18
1.5.1 Using the Wi-Fi and WPS Buttons ...........................................................................................19
1.6 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................................19
1.7 The RESET Button ............................................................................................................................20
Chapter 2
The Web Configurator ........................................................................................................................ 21
2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................21
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................21
2.2 Web Configurator Layout ..................................................................................................................23
2.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................................23
2.2.2 Main Window ...........................................................................................................................24
2.2.3 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................24
Chapter 3
Quick Start ........................................................................................................................................... 28
3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................28
3.2 Quick Start Setup ..............................................................................................................................28
Chapter 4
Tutorials ............................................................................................................................................... 31
4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................31
4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection ..........................................................................................31
4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network .............................................................................................34
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings .............................................................................34
4.3.2 Using WPS ..............................................................................................................................36
4.3.3 Without WPS ...........................................................................................................................39
4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups ................................................................................................40
4.5 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network .................................................................43
4.6 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup ........................................................................................45
4.7 Access the VMG Using DDNS ..........................................................................................................49
4.7.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ..................................................................49
4.7.2 Configuring DDNS on Your VMG .............................................................................................50
4.7.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ........................................................................................................50
4.8 Configuring the MAC Address Filter ..................................................................................................50
4.9 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ....................................................................................51
Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................ 53
Chapter 5
Network Map and Status Screens ..................................................................................................... 54
5.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................54
5.2 The Network Map Screen .................................................................................................................54
5.3 The Status Screen .............................................................................................................................55
Chapter 6
Broadband ........................................................................................................................................... 59
6.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................59
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................59
6.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................................60
6.1.3 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................63
6.2 The Broadband Screen .....................................................................................................................63
6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ...................................................................................................64
6.3 The 3G Backup Screen .....................................................................................................................71
6.4 The Advanced Screen .......................................................................................................................76
6.5 The Ethernet WAN Screen ................................................................................................................79
6.6 The 802.1x Screen ............................................................................................................................80
6.6.1 Modify 802.1X Settings ............................................................................................................81
6.7 Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................81
Chapter 7
Wireless ............................................................................................................................................... 87
7.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................87
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................87
7.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................................87
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
7.2 The General Screen .........................................................................................................................88
7.2.1 No Security ..............................................................................................................................91
7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ..........................................................................................................91
7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ....................................................................................................92
7.3 The Guest/More AP Screen ..............................................................................................................93
7.3.1 Edit Guest/More AP ................................................................................................................94
7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen .......................................................................................................97
7.5 The WPS Screen ..............................................................................................................................98
7.6 The WMM Screen .............................................................................................................................99
7.7 The Others Screen ..........................................................................................................................100
7.8 The Channel Status Screen ............................................................................................................102
7.9 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................103
7.9.1 Wireless Network Overview ...................................................................................................103
7.9.2 Additional Wireless Terms .....................................................................................................105
7.9.3 Wireless Security Overview ...................................................................................................105
7.9.4 Signal Problems ....................................................................................................................107
7.9.5 BSS .......................................................................................................................................108
7.9.6 MBSSID .................................................................................................................................108
7.9.7 Preamble Type ......................................................................................................................109
7.9.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) .................................................................................................109
Chapter 8
Home Networking ............................................................................................................................. 116
8.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 116
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................................... 116
8.1.2 What You Need To Know ....................................................................................................... 117
8.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................... 118
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen ................................................................................................................... 118
8.3 The Static DHCP Screen .................................................................................................................122
8.4 The UPnP Screen ...........................................................................................................................123
8.4.1 Turning On UPnP in Windows 7 Example .............................................................................124
8.5 The Additional Subnet Screen ........................................................................................................126
8.6 The STB Vendor ID Screen .............................................................................................................127
8.7 The Wake on LAN Screen ..............................................................................................................127
8.8 The TFTP Server Name Screen .....................................................................................................128
8.9 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................128
8.9.1 LANs, WANs and the VMG ....................................................................................................128
8.9.2 DHCP Setup ..........................................................................................................................129
8.9.3 DNS Server Addresses .........................................................................................................129
8.9.4 LAN TCP/IP ...........................................................................................................................130
Chapter 9
Routing .............................................................................................................................................. 132
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................132
9.2 The Routing Screen ........................................................................................................................132
9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route .............................................................................................................133
9.3 The DNS Route Screen ..................................................................................................................134
9.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen .................................................................................................135
9.4 The Policy Route Screen ................................................................................................................135
9.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Route ............................................................................................................137
9.5 RIP
..............................................................................................................................................138
9.5.1 The RIP Screen .....................................................................................................................138
Chapter 10
Quality of Service (QoS)................................................................................................................... 139
10.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................139
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................139
10.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................140
10.3 The Quality of Service General Screen ........................................................................................141
10.4 The Queue Setup Screen .............................................................................................................142
10.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue .........................................................................................................144
10.5 The Classification Setup Screen ...................................................................................................145
10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class ............................................................................................................145
10.6 The QoS Shaper Setup Screen ....................................................................................................149
10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Shaper ......................................................................................................150
10.7 The QoS Policer Setup Screen .....................................................................................................150
10.7.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer .......................................................................................................151
10.8 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................152
Chapter 11
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................ 157
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................157
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................157
11.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................157
11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................158
11.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ....................................................................................................160
11.3 The Applications Screen ...............................................................................................................161
11.3.1 Add New Application ............................................................................................................162
11.4 The Port Triggering Screen ...........................................................................................................162
11.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule .............................................................................................164
11.5 The DMZ Screen ...........................................................................................................................165
11.6 The ALG Screen ............................................................................................................................166
11.7 The Address Mapping Screen .......................................................................................................166
11.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule ..........................................................................................167
11.8 The Sessions Screen ....................................................................................................................168
11.9 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................169
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
11.9.1 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................................................169
11.9.2 What NAT Does ...................................................................................................................170
11.9.3 How NAT Works ...................................................................................................................170
11.9.4 NAT Application ...................................................................................................................170
Chapter 12
Dynamic DNS Setup ......................................................................................................................... 173
12.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................173
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................173
12.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................173
12.2 The DNS Entry Screen ..................................................................................................................174
12.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry .............................................................................................................174
12.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................175
Chapter 13
VLAN Group ...................................................................................................................................... 177
13.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................177
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................177
13.2 The VLAN Group Screen ..............................................................................................................177
13.2.1 Add/Edit a VLAN Group .......................................................................................................178
Chapter 14
Interface Grouping............................................................................................................................ 179
14.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................179
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................179
14.2 The Interface Group Screen ..........................................................................................................179
14.2.1 Interface Group Configuration .............................................................................................180
14.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria .................................................................................................182
Chapter 15
USB Service ...................................................................................................................................... 184
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................184
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................184
15.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................184
15.1.3 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................185
15.2 The File Sharing Screen ...............................................................................................................185
15.2.1 The Add New User Screen ..................................................................................................186
15.3 The Media Server Screen .............................................................................................................187
Chapter 16
Firewall .............................................................................................................................................. 189
16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................189
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................189
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
16.1.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................190
16.2 The Firewall Screen ......................................................................................................................190
16.3 The Protocol Screen ....................................................................................................................191
16.3.1 Add/Edit a Service ..............................................................................................................192
16.4 The Access Control Screen ..........................................................................................................193
16.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule ........................................................................................................193
16.5 The DoS Screen ............................................................................................................................195
Chapter 17
MAC Filter .......................................................................................................................................... 196
17.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................196
17.2 The MAC Filter Screen ..................................................................................................................196
Chapter 18
Parental Control ................................................................................................................................ 198
18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................198
18.2 The Parental Control Screen .........................................................................................................198
18.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Profile ......................................................................................199
Chapter 19
Scheduler Rule.................................................................................................................................. 202
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................202
19.2 The Scheduler Rule Screen ..........................................................................................................202
19.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule ............................................................................................................202
Chapter 20
Certificates ........................................................................................................................................ 204
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................204
20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................204
20.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................204
20.3 The Local Certificates Screen .......................................................................................................204
20.3.1 Create Certificate Request .................................................................................................205
20.3.2 Load Signed Certificate ......................................................................................................207
20.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................................208
20.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate .................................................................................................209
20.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ..............................................................................................210
Chapter 21
Log .................................................................................................................................................... 211
21.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 211
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................ 211
21.1.2 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................... 211
21.2 The System Log Screen ................................................................................................................212
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
10
Table of Contents
21.3 The Security Log Screen ...............................................................................................................212
Chapter 22
Traffic Status .................................................................................................................................... 214
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................214
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................214
22.2 The WAN Status Screen ...............................................................................................................214
22.3 The LAN Status Screen .................................................................................................................215
22.4 The NAT Status Screen .................................................................................................................216
Chapter 23
ARP Table .......................................................................................................................................... 217
23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................217
23.1.1 How ARP Works ..................................................................................................................217
23.2 ARP Table Screen .........................................................................................................................218
Chapter 24
Routing Table .................................................................................................................................... 219
24.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................219
24.2 The Routing Table Screen .............................................................................................................219
Chapter 25
Multicast Status ............................................................................................................................... 221
25.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................221
25.2 The IGMP Status Screen ..............................................................................................................221
25.3 The MLD Status Screen ................................................................................................................221
Chapter 26
xDSL Statistics .................................................................................................................................. 223
26.1 The xDSL Statistics Screen ...........................................................................................................223
Chapter 27
3G Statistics ..................................................................................................................................... 226
27.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................226
27.2 The 3G Statistics Screen ...............................................................................................................226
Chapter 28
System ............................................................................................................................................... 228
28.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................228
28.2 The System Screen .......................................................................................................................228
Chapter 29
User Account .................................................................................................................................... 229
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
11
Table of Contents
29.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................229
29.2 The User Account Screen .............................................................................................................229
29.2.1 The User Account Add and Edit Screens ............................................................................229
Chapter 30
Remote Management........................................................................................................................ 231
30.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................231
30.2 The Remote MGMT Screen ..........................................................................................................231
30.3 The Trust Domain Screen .............................................................................................................232
30.3.1 The Add Trust Domain Screen ............................................................................................232
Chapter 31
SNMP ................................................................................................................................................. 234
31.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................234
31.2 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................................234
Chapter 32
Time Settings .................................................................................................................................... 236
32.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................236
32.2 The Time Screen ..........................................................................................................................236
Chapter 33
E-mail Notification ............................................................................................................................ 239
33.1 Overview
....................................................................................................................................239
33.2 The E-mail Notification Screen ......................................................................................................239
33.2.1 E-mail Notification Edit
......................................................................................................239
Chapter 34
Logs Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 241
34.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................241
34.2 The Logs Setting Screen ...............................................................................................................241
34.2.1 Example E-mail Log ............................................................................................................242
Chapter 35
Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................................ 244
35.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................244
35.2 The Firmware Screen ....................................................................................................................244
Chapter 36
Backup/Restore ................................................................................................................................ 246
36.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................246
36.2 The Backup/Restore Screen .........................................................................................................246
36.3 The Reboot Screen .......................................................................................................................248
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
12
Table of Contents
Chapter 37
Diagnostic ......................................................................................................................................... 249
37.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................249
37.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................249
37.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................249
37.3 Ping & TraceRoute & Nslookup ....................................................................................................250
37.4 802.1ag .........................................................................................................................................250
37.5 OAM Ping ......................................................................................................................................251
Chapter 38
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................ 253
38.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................253
38.2 VMG Access and Login .................................................................................................................254
38.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................256
38.4 Wireless Internet Access ...............................................................................................................257
38.5 USB Device Connection ................................................................................................................258
38.6 UPnP .............................................................................................................................................258
Part III: Appendices ....................................................................................... 260
Appendix A Customer Support ........................................................................................................ 261
Appendix B Wireless LANs .............................................................................................................. 267
Appendix C IPv6 .............................................................................................................................. 280
Appendix D Services ....................................................................................................................... 288
Appendix E Legal Information.......................................................................................................... 292
Index .................................................................................................................................................. 300
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
13
P ART I
User’s Guide
14
1
Introducing the VMG
1.1 Overview
The VMG is a wireless VDSL router. It has a DSL port for Internet access. The VMG supports both
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It is backward compatible with
ADSL, ADSL2 and ADSL2+ in case VDSL is not available.
Only use firmware for your VMG’s specific model. Refer to the label on
the bottom of your VMG.
The VMG works over the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). The VMG
has one USB port for sharing files via a USB storage device or connecting a 3G dongle for a WAN
backup connection.
1.2 Ways to Manage the VMG
Use any of the following methods to manage the VMG.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the VMG using a
(supported) web browser.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the VMG
Do the following things regularly to make the VMG more secure and to manage the VMG more
effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different
types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier
working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you
forget your password, you will have to reset the VMG to its factory default settings. If you backed
up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the VMG. You could
simply restore your last configuration.
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
15
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
1.4 Applications for the VMG
Here are some example uses for which the VMG is well suited.
1.4.1 Internet Access
Computers can connect to the VMG’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).
You can also configure IP filtering on the VMG for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on, all
incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from
your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you
can safely browse the Internet and download files.
1.4.1.1 DSL
Your VMG provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack
on a splitter or your telephone jack. You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL.
The VMG cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time.
Note: The ADSL and VDSL lines share the same WAN (layer-2) interfaces that you
configure in the VMG. Refer to Section 6.2 on page 63 for the Network Setting >
Broadband screen.
Figure 1 VMG’s Internet Access Application: DSL
WLAN
WAN
Bridging
IPoE
PPPoE
ADSL / VDSL
LAN
WAN
WLAN
Bridging
PPPoE
IPoE
PPPoA
IPoA
ADSL
LAN
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
16
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
1.4.1.2 Ethernet WAN
If you prefer not to use a DSL line and you have another broadband modem or router (such as
ADSL) available, you can convert LAN port number four as a WAN port using the Network Setting
> Broadband > Ethernet WAN screen and then connect the LAN port to the broadband modem
or router. This way, you can access the Internet via an Ethernet connection and still use the QoS,
Firewall and parental control functions on the VMG.
Figure 2 VMG’s Internet Access Application: Ethernet WAN
WLAN
WAN
LAN
Ethernet WAN
1.4.2 VMG’s USB Support
The USB port of the VMG is used for 3G WAN backup, file-sharing and media server.
3G WAN Backup
Connect a 3G/LTE USB dongle with an active SIM card to the USB port. This adds a second WAN
interface and allows the VMG to wirelessly access the Internet via a 3G/LTE network. The 3G/LTE
WAN connection is the failover or a backup in case the DSL or Ethernet WAN connection fails.
To set up a 3G/LTE connection, click Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup.
To update the supported 3G/LTE USB dongle list, download the latest WWAN package from the
ZyXEL website and upload it to the VMG using the Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade screen.
See the product page on ZyXEL’s website for the list of 3G/LTE USB dongles that are compatible.
Figure 3 VMG’s Internet Access Application: 3G WAN
WLAN
WAN
3G/LTE
LAN
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
17
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
File Sharing
Use the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). You can
connect one USB hard drive to the VMG at a time. Use FTP to access the files on the USB device.
Figure 4 USB File Sharing Application
Media Server
You can also use the VMG as a media server. This lets anyone on your network play video, music,
and photos from a USB device (B) connected to the VMG’s USB port (without having to copy them
to another computer).
Figure 5 USB Media Server Application
1.5 Wireless Access
The VMG is a wireless Access Point (AP) for wireless clients, such as notebook computers or PDAs
and iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to rely on inconvenient Ethernet
cables.
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
18
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS
button.
Figure 6 Wireless Access Example
1.5.1 Using the Wi-Fi and WPS Buttons
If the wireless network is turned off, press the WLAN button for one second. Once the WLAN/
WPS LED turns green, the wireless network is active.
You can also use the WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the VMG
and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
To activate WPS:
Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking.
Press the WPS button for two seconds and release it.
Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the VMG. The WLAN/WPS
LED flashes orange while the VMG sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device.
Once the connection is successfully made, the WLAN/WPS LED shines green.
To turn off the wireless network, press the WLAN button for one to five seconds. The WLAN/WPS
LED turns off when the wireless network is off.
1.6 LEDs (Lights)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
Figure 7 LEDs on the VMG
VMG1312-B10D User’s Guide
19
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
None of the LEDs are on if the VMG is not receiving power.
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED
COLOR
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Green
On
The VMG is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking
The VMG is self-testing.
On
The VMG detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Off
The VMG is not receiving power.
On
The DSL line is up.
Blinking
The VMG is initializing the DSL line.
Off
The DSL line is down.
On
The VMG has an IP connection but no traffic.
POWER
Red
Green
DSL
Green
INTERNET
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the
DSL connection is up.
Blinking
The VMG is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off
There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red
On
The VMG attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
Green
On
The VMG has a successful 10/100 Mbps Ethernet connection with a
device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking
The VMG is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100 Mbps.
Off
The VMG does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
On
The wireless network is activated.
Blinking
The VMG is communicating with wireless clients.
Blinking
The VMG is setting up a WPS connection with a wireless client.
Off
The wireless network is not activated.
On
The VMG recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
Blinking
The VMG is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device connected to
it.
Off
The VMG does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
ETHERNET1
~4
Green
WLAN/WPS
Orange
Green
USB
1.7 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the RESET
button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you
will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to “1234”.
Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or
until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink,
the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.
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2
The Web Configurator
2.1 Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy VMG setup and
management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 8.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3
and later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by
768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your VMG. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
Make sure your VMG hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
Launch your web browser. If the VMG does not automatically re-direct you to the login screen, go to
http://192.168.1.1.
A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the VMG,
type the default username admin and password 1234 in the password screen and click Login. If
you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login.
Figure 8 Password Screen
The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. Enter a new password,
retype it to confirm and click Apply.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Figure 9 Change Password Screen
The Quick Start Wizard screen appears. You can configure basic Internet access, and wireless
settings. See Chapter 3 on page 28 for more information.
After you finished or closed the Quick Start Wizard screen, the Network Map page appears.
Figure 10 Network Map
Clickthe right arrow icon to display the Status screen, where you can view the VMG’s interface and
system information.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
2.2 Web Configurator Layout
Figure 11 Screen Layout
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
• A - title bar
• B - main window
• C - navigation panel
2.2.1 Title Bar
The title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner.
The icons provide the following functions.
Table 2 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
ICON
DESCRIPTION
Language: Select the language you prefer.
Quick Start: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the VMG’s time zone
Internet access, and wireless settings.
Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
2.2.2 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this
document.
After you click the right arrow icon on the Connection Status (Network Map) page, the Status
screen is displayed. See Chapter 5 on page 55 for more information about the Status screen.
2.2.3 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure VMG features. The
following tables describe each menu item.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
Connection Status
This screen shows the network status of the VMG and computers/
devices connected to it.
Network Setting
Broadband
Wireless
Broadband
Use this screen to view and configure ISP parameters, WAN IP
address assignment, and other advanced properties. You can also add
new WAN connections.
3G Backup
Use this screen to configure 3G/LTE WAN connection.
Advanced
Use this screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex
J, and DSL PhyR functions.
Ethernet WAN
Use this screen to convert Ethernet LAN 4 port as WAN port, or
restore the WAN port to LAN port.
802.1x
Use this screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1x settings on the
VMG.
General
Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN
authentication/security settings.
Guest/More AP
Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the VMG.
MAC
Authentication
Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless devices
of certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the VMG.
WPS
Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (Wi-Fi Protected
Setup) settings.
WMM
Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).
WDS
Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) links to
other access points.
Others
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings.
Channel Status
Use this screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the
results.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
Home
Networking
Routing
QoS
TAB
FUNCTION
LAN Setup
Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced
properties.
Static DHCP
Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC
addresses.
UPnP
Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off.
Additional
Subnet
Use this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
STB Vendor ID
Use this screen to configure the Vendor IDs of the connected Set Top
Box (STB) devices, which have the VMG automatically create static
DHCP entries for the STB devices when they request IP addresses.
Wake on LAN
Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the local network.
TFTP Server
Name
Configure a TFTP server name which is sent to clients using DHCP
option 66.
Static Route
Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the VMG.
DNS Route
Use this screen to forward DNS queries for certain domain names
through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s).
Policy Route
Use this screen to configure policy routing on the VMG.
RIP
Use this screen to configure Routing Information Protocol to
exchange routing information with other routers.
General
Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing. You can also
configure the QoS rules and actions.
Queue Setup
Use this screen to configure QoS queues.
Classification
Setup
Use this screen to define a classifier.
Shaper Setup
Use this screen to limit outgoing traffic rate on the selected interface.
Policer Setup
NAT
Port Forwarding
Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside
world.
Applications
Use this screen to configure servers behind the VMG.
Port Triggering
Use this screen to change your VMG’s port triggering settings.
DMZ
Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets
from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding screen.
ALG
Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.
Address Mapping
Use this screen to change your VMG’s address mapping settings.
Sessions
Use this screen to configure the maximum number of NAT sessions
each client host is allowed to have through the VMG.
DNS Entry
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes.
Dynamic DNS
Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP
address.
IGMP/MLD
IGMP/MLD
Use this screen to configure multicast settings (IGMP for IPv4 and
MLD for IPv6 multicast groups) on the WAN.
Vlan Group
Vlan Group
Use this screen to group and tag VLAN IDs to outgoing traffic from
the specified interface.
Interface
Grouping
Interface
Grouping
Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.
USB Service
File Sharing
Use this screen to enable file sharing via the VMG.
Media Server
Use this screen to use the VMG as a media server.
DNS
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
General
Use this screen to configure the security level of your firewall.
Protocol
Use this screen to add Internet services and configure firewall rules.
Access Control
Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network
services.
DoS
Use this screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS)
attacks.
MAC Filter
MAC Filter
Use this screen to block or allow traffic from devices of certain MAC
addresses to the VMG.
Parental
Control
Parental Control
Use this screen to block web sites with the specific URL.
Scheduler Rule
Scheduler Rule
Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configured
restriction (such as parental control) is enforced.
Certificates
Local Certificates
Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage
certificates and certification requests.
Trusted CA
Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.
System Log
Use this screen to view the status of events that occurred to the VMG.
You can export or e-mail the logs.
Security Log
Use this screen to view all security related events. You can select
level and category of the security events in their proper drop-down
list window.
Security
Firewall
System Monitor
Log
Levels include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Emergency
Alert
Critical
Error
Warning
Notice
Informational
Debugging
Categories include:
•
•
•
•
Traffic Status
Account
Attack
Firewall
MAC Filter
WAN
Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through
the WAN port of the VMG.
LAN
Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through
the LAN ports of the VMG.
NAT
Use this screen to view NAT statistics for connected hosts.
ARP table
ARP table
Use this screen to view the ARP table. It displays the IP and MAC
address of each DHCP connection.
Routing Table
Routing Table
Use this screen to view the routing table on the VMG.
Multicast
Status
IGMP Status
Use this screen to view the status of all IGMP settings on the VMG.
MLD Status
Use this screen to view the status of all MLD settings on the VMG.
xDSL Statistics
xDSL Statistics
Use this screen to view the VMG’s xDSL traffic statistics.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
3G Statistics
Use this screen to look at 3G Internet connection status.
System
System
Use this screen to set Device name and Domain name.
User Account
User Account
Use this screen to change user password on the VMG.
Remote
Management
MGMT Services
Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network
services.
Trust Domain
Use this screen to configure a list of public IP addresses which are
allowed to access the VMG.
SNMP
SNMP
Use this screen to configure SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol) settings.
Time
Time
Use this screen to change your VMG’s time and date.
Email
Notification
Email
Notification
Use this screen to configure up to two mail servers and sender
addresses on the VMG.
Log Setting
Log Setting
Use this screen to change your VMG’s log settings.
Firmware
Upgrade
Firmware
Upgrade
Use this screen to upload firmware to your VMG.
Backup Restore
Backup/Restore
Use this screen to backup and restore your VMG’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Reboot
Reboot
Use this screen to reboot the VMG without turning the power off.
Diagnostic
Ping&Traceroute
&Nslookup
Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection. You can
use Ping, TraceRoute, or Nslookup to help you identify problems.
802.1ag
Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management)
MD (maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance association),
perform connectivity tests and view test reports.
OAM Ping
Use this screen to view information to help you identify problems with
the DSL connection.
3G Statistics
Maintenance
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3
Quick Start
3.1 Overview
Use the Quick Start screens to configure the VMG’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless
settings.
Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on Chapter 4 on page 31) for
background information on the features in this chapter.
3.2 Quick Start Setup
The Quick Start Wizard appears automatically after login. Or you can click the Quick Start icon in
the top right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens. Select the time zone of
your location. Click Next.
Figure 12 Quick Start - Welcome
Enter your Internet connection information in this screen. The screen and fields to enter may vary
depending on your current connection type. Click Next.
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Chapter 3 Quick Start
Figure 13 Quick Start - Internet Connection
Turn the wireless LAN on or off. If you keep it on, record the security settings so you can configure
your wireless clients to connect to the VMG. Click Save.
Figure 14 Quick Start - Wireless Setting
Your VMG saves your settings and attempts to connect to the Internet. Click Close to complete the
setup.
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Chapter 3 Quick Start
Figure 15 Quick Start - Result Summary
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4
Tutorials
4.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to use the VMG’s various features.
• Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection, see page 31
• Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network, see page 34
• Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups, see page 40
• Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network, see page 43
• Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup, see page 45
• Access the VMG Using DDNS, see page 49
• Configuring the MAC Address Filter, see page 50
• Access Your Shared Files From a Computer, see page 51
4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection
This tutorial shows you how to set up an ADSL Internet connection using the Web Configurator.
If you connect to the Internet through an ADSL connection, use the information from your Internet
Service Provider (ISP) to configure the VMG. Be sure to contact your service provider for any
information you need to configure the Broadband screens.
Click Network Setting > Broadband to open the following screen. Click Add New WAN
Interface.
In this example, the DSL connection has the following information.
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General
Name
MyDSLConnection
Type
ADSL
Connection Mode
Routing
Encapsulation
PPPoE
IPv6/IPv4 Mode
IPv4
ATM PVC Configuration
VPI/VCI
36/48
Encapsulation Mode
LLC/SNAP-Bridging
Service Category
UBR without PCR
Account Information
PPP User Name
1234@DSL-Ex.com
PPP Password
ABCDEF!
PPPoE Service Name
MyDSL
Static IP Address
192.168.1.32
Others
Authentication Method: AUTO
PPPoE Passthrough: Disabled
NAT: Enabled
IGMP Multicast Proxy: Enabled
Apply as Default Gateway: Enabled
VLAN: Disabled
Select the Active check box. Enter the General and ATM PVC Configuration settings as provided
above.
Set the Type to ADSL over ATM.
Choose the Encapsulation specified by your DSL service provider. For this example, the service
provider requires a username and password to establish Internet connection. Therefore, select
PPPoE as the WAN encapsulation type.
Set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv4 Only.
Enter the account information provided to you by your DSL service provider.
Configure this rule as your default Internet connection by selecting the Apply as Default Gateway
check box. Then select DNS as Static and enter the DNS server addresses provided to you, such as
192.168.5.2 (DNS server1)/192.168.5.1 (DNS server2).
Leave the rest of the fields to the default settings.
Click Apply to save your settings.
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You should see a summary of your new DSL connection setup in the Broadband screen as follows.
Try to connect to a website to see if you have correctly set up your Internet connection. Be sure to
contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the WAN screens.
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4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network
Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet.
In this wireless network, the VMG serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is the wireless
client. The wireless client can access the Internet through the AP.
Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the VMG. Then he can set up a wireless
network using WPS (Section 4.3.2 on page 36) or manual configuration (Section 4.3.3 on page 39).
4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings
This example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network.
SSID
Example
Security Mode
WPA2-PSK
Pre-Shared Key
DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
802.11 Mode
802.11b/g/n Mixed
Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Select More Secure as the
security level and WPA2-PSK as the security mode. Configure the screen using the provided
parameters (see page 34). Click Apply.
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Go to the Wireless > Others screen and select 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the 802.11 Mode field.
Click Apply.
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Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and
the VMG (see Section 4.3.2 on page 36). He can also use the notebook’s wireless client to search
for the VMG (see Section 4.3.3 on page 39).
4.3.2 Using WPS
This section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. It uses the VMG as the AP and
ZyXEL NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to the notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter
or PCMCIA card).
There are two WPS methods to set up the wireless client settings:
• Push Button Configuration (PBC) - simply press a button. This is the easier of the two
methods.
• PIN Configuration - configure a Personal Identification Number (PIN) on the VMG. A wireless
client must also use the same PIN in order to download the wireless network settings from the
VMG.
Push Button Configuration (PBC)
Make sure that your VMG is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of the wireless
signal.
Make sure that you have installed the wireless client driver and utility in your notebook.
In the wireless client utility, go to the WPS setting page. Enable WPS and press the WPS button
(Start or WPS button).
Push and hold the WPS button located on the VMG’s front panel for more than 5 seconds.
Alternatively, you may log into VMG’s web configurator and go to the Network Setting >
Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the WPS function for method 1 and click Apply. Then click the
WPS button.
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Note: Your VMG has a WPS button located on the side of the device as well as a WPS
button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function: you
can use one or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button
within two minutes of pressing the first one.
The VMG sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two
minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the VMG securely.
The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by
pressing a button on both VMG and wireless client.
Wireless Client
VMG
WPS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Press and hold for
5 seconds
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the VMG’s web configurator and
the wireless client’s utility.
Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method
to get a PIN number.
Log into VMG’s web configurator and go to the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen.
Enable the WPS function and click Apply.
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Enter the PIN number of the wireless client and click the Register button. Activate WPS function on
the wireless client utility screen within two minutes.
The VMG authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the
wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate
with the VMG securely.
The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a VMG and a
wireless client by using PIN method.
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Wireless Client
VMG
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
4.3.3 Without WPS
Use the wireless adapter’s utility installed on the notebook to search for the “Example” SSID. Then
enter the “DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork” pre-shared key to establish an wireless Internet
connection.
Note: The VMG supports IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g wireless clients. Make sure that
your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
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4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups
Company A wants to create different wireless network groups for different types of users as shown
in the following figure. Each group has its own SSID and security mode.
Company
Guest
VIP
• Employees in Company A will use a general Company wireless network group.
• Higher management level and important visitors will use the VIP group.
• Visiting guests will use the Guest group, which has a different SSID and password.
Company A will use the following parameters to set up the wireless network groups.
COMPANY
VIP
GUEST
SSID
Company
VIP
Guest
Security Level
More Secure
More Secure
More Secure
Security Mode
WPA2-PSK
WPA2-PSK
WPA2-PSK
Pre-Shared Key
ForCompanyOnly
123456789
guest123
Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Use this screen to set up the
company’s general wireless network group. Configure the screen using the provided parameters
and click Apply.
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Click Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP to open the following screen. Click the
Edit icon to configure the second wireless network group.
Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.
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In the Guest/More AP screen, click the Edit icon to configure the third wireless network
group.Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.
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Check the status of VIP and Guest in the Guest/More AP screen. The yellow bulbs signify that the
SSIDs are active and ready for wireless access.
4.5 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another
Network
In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to
the VMG’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This tutorial shows
how to configure a static routing rule for two network routings.
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In the following figure, router R is connected to the VMG’s LAN. R connects to two networks, N1
(192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1
network) to computer B (in N2 network), the traffic is sent to the VMG’s WAN default gateway by
default. In this case, B will never receive the traffic.
N1
N2
You need to specify a static routing rule on the VMG to specify R as the router in charge of
forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the VMG routes traffic from A to R and then R routes the
traffic to B.
N1
N2
This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:
Table 4 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER
IP ADDRESS
The VMG’s WAN
172.16.1.1
The VMG’s LAN
192.168.1.1
IP Type
IPv4
Use Interface
VDSL/ppp1.1
192.168.1.34
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Table 4 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER
IP ADDRESS
R’s N1
192.168.1.253
R’s N2
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.33
To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:
Log into the VMG’s Web Configurator in advanced mode.
Click Network Setting > Routing.
Click Add new Static Route in the Static Route screen.
Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:
4a
Select the Active check box. Enter the Route Name as R.
4b
Set IP Type to IPv4.
4c
Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2.
4d
Select Enable in the Use Gateway IP Address field. Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address)
in the Gateway IP Address field.
4e
Select VDSL/ppp1.1 as the Use Interface.
4f
Click OK.
Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall
settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
4.6 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup
This section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.
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Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize e-mail traffic
because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also
upload data files (such as logs and e-mail archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your
colleagues use the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other
branch offices.
In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission bandwidth of
10,000 kbps. For this example, you want to configure QoS so that e-mail traffic gets the highest
priority with at least 5,000 kbps. You can do the following:
• Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (1) to e-mail traffic going to the WAN
interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion.
• Note the IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) and/or MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for
example) of your computer and map it to queue 7.
Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the VMG.
Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS
mapping table on the VMG.
DSL
10,000 kbps
Your computer
IP=192.168.1.23
and/or
MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF
Email traffic: Highest priority
A colleague’s computer
Other traffic: Automatic classifier
Click Network Setting > QoS > General and select Enable. Set your WAN Managed Upstream
Bandwidth to 10,000 kbps (or leave this blank to have the VMG automatically determine this
figure). Click Apply.
Click Queue Setup > Add new Queue to create a new queue. In the screen that opens, check
Active and enter or select the following values:
• Name: E-mail
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• Interface: WAN
• Priority: 1 (High)
• Weight: 8
• Rate Limit: 5,000 (kbps)
Click Class Setup > Add new Classifier to create a new class. Check Active and follow the
settings as shown in the screen below.
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Class Name
Give a class name to this traffic, such as E-mail in this example.
From
Interface
This is the interface from which the traffic will be coming from. Select LAN1 for this
example.
Ether Type
Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP address or MAC address.
IP Address
Type the IP address of your computer - 192.168.1.23. Type the IP Subnet Mask if you
know it.
MAC Address
Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the MAC Mask if you
know it.
To Queue
Index
Link this to an item in the Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup screen, which is the Email queue created in this example.
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This maps e-mail traffic coming from port 25 to the highest priority, which you have created in the
previous screen (see the IP Protocol field). This also maps your computer’s IP address and MAC
address to the E-mail queue (see the Source fields).
Verify that the queue setup works by checking Network Setting > QoS > Monitor. This shows
the bandwidth allotted to e-mail traffic compared to other network traffic.
4.7 Access the VMG Using DDNS
If you connect your VMG to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is inconvenient
for you to manage the device from the Internet. The VMG’s WAN IP address changes dynamically.
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the VMG using a domain name.
http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
a.b.c.d
w.x.y.z
To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at, for example, www.dyndns.org.
This tutorial covers:
• Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
• Configuring DDNS on Your VMG
• Testing the DDNS Setting
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.
4.7.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org.
Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and
password.
Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.
Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.
• Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
• Service Type: Host with IP address
• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your VMG is currently using. You can find the IP
address on the VMG’s Web Configurator Status page.
Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the VMG later.
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4.7.2 Configuring DDNS on Your VMG
Configure the following settings in the Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS screen.
• Select Enable Dynamic DNS.
• Select www.DynDNS.com as the service provider.
• Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field.
• Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345).
Click Apply.
4.7.3 Testing the DDNS Setting
Now you should be able to access the VMG from the Internet. To test this:
Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the
Internet.
Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter].
The VMG’s login page should appear. You can then log into the VMG and manage it.
4.8 Configuring the MAC Address Filter
Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and
downloading media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she
can concentrate on preparing for her final exams.
Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the VMG. Thomas decides to use
the Security > MAC Filter screen to grant wireless network access to his computer but not to
Josephine’s computer.
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Thomas
Josephine
Click Security > MAC Filter to open the MAC Filter screen. Select the Enable check box to
activate MAC filter function.
Select Allow. Then enter the host name and MAC address of Thomas’ computer in this screen. Click
Apply.
Thomas can also grant access to the computers of other members of his family and friends.
However, Josephine and others not listed in this screen will no longer be able to access the Internet
through the VMG.
4.9 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer
Here is how to use an FTP program to access a file storage device connected to the VMG’s USB port.
Note: This example uses the FileZilla FTP program to browse your shared files.
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In FileZilla enter the IP address of the VMG (the default is 192.168.1.1), your account’s user name
and password and port 21 and click Quickconnect. A screen asking for password authentication
appears.
Once you log in the USB device displays in the
mnt folder.
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P ART II
Technical Reference
53
5
Network Map and Status Screens
5.1 Overview
After you log into the Web Configurator, the Network Map screen appears. This shows the network
connection status of the VMG and clients connected to it.
You can use the Status screen to look at the current status of the VMG, system resources, and
interfaces (LAN, WAN, and WLAN).
5.2 The Network Map Screen
Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning
message appears if there is a connection problem.
Figure 16 Network Map: Icon View Mode
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If you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and Info. Click the IP address
if you want to change it. If you want to change the name or icon of the client, click Change icon/
name.
If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing mode selection box. You
can configure how often you want the VMG to update this screen in Refresh interval.
Figure 17 Network Map: List View Mode
5.3 The Status Screen
Use this screen to view the status of the VMG. Click the right arrow icon in the Network Map
(Connection Status) screen to open this screen.
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Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens
Figure 18 Status Screen
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 5 Status Screen
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval
Select how often you want the VMG to update this screen.
Device Information
Host Name
This field displays the VMG system name. It is used for identification.
Model Number
This shows the model number of your VMG.
Serial Number
This shows the serial number of your VMG.
Firmware
Version
This is the current version of the firmware inside the VMG.
WAN Information (These fields display when you have a WAN connection.)
Encapsulation
This field displays the current encapsulation method.
IP Address
This field displays the current IP address of the VMG in the WAN. Click Release to
release your IP address to 0.0.0.0. If you want to renew your IP address, click Renew.
IP Subnet Mask
This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
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Table 5 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MAC Address
This field displays the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of
your VMG.
Primary/
Secondary DNS
Server
This field displays the first/second DNS server IP address assigned to the VMG.
DHCP
This field displays whether the WAN interface is using a DHCP IP address or a static IP
address. Choices are:
Client - The WAN interface can obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.
None - The WAN interface is using a static IP address.
LAN Information
IP Address
This is the current IP address of the VMG in the LAN.
IP Subnet Mask
This is the current subnet mask in the LAN.
IPv6 Link Local
Address
This is the current IPv6 link local address of the VMG in the LAN.
DHCP
This field displays what DHCP services the VMG is providing to the LAN. The possible
values are:
Server - The VMG is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other
computers in the LAN.
Relay - The VMG acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and
responses between the remote server and the clients.
Disable - The VMG is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.
MAC Address
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your VMG.
WLAN 2.4G Information
MAC Address
This shows the wireless adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of the wireless
interface.
Status
This displays whether the WLAN is activated.
SSID
This is the descriptive name used to identify the VMG in a wireless LAN.
Channel
This is the channel number used by the wireless interface now.
Security
This displays the type of security mode the wireless interface is using in the wireless
LAN.
802.11 Mode
This displays the type of 802.11 mode the wireless interface is using in the wireless LAN.
WPS
This displays whether WPS is activated on the wireless interface.
Security
Firewall
This displays the firewall’s current security level.
System Status
System Up
Time
This field displays how long the VMG has been running since it last started up. The VMG
starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or when
you reset it.
Current Date/
Time
This field displays the current date and time in the VMG. You can change this in
Maintenance> Time Setting.
System Resource
CPU Usage
This field displays what percentage of the VMG’s processing ability is currently used.
When this percentage is close to 100%, the VMG is running at full load, and the
throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have
more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see
Chapter 10 on page 139).
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Table 5 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Memory Usage
This field displays what percentage of the VMG’s memory is currently used. Usually, this
percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the
VMG is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 36.2
on page 246, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.
NAT Session
Usage
This field displays what percentage of the VMG supported NAT sessions are currently
being used. This field also displays the number of active NAT sessions and the maximum
number of NAT sessions the VMG can support.
Interface Status
Interface
This column displays each interface the VMG has.
Status
This field indicates the interface’s use status.
For the LAN and Ethernet WAN interfaces, this field displays Up when using the interface
and No Link when not using the interface.
For the WLAN interface, this field displays the enabled (Up) or disabled (Disable) state
of the interface.
For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line down), Up (line up or connected),
Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation, and No Link when not using
the interface.
For the 3G interface, this field displays Up when using the interface and No Device
when no device is detected in any USB slot.
Rate
For the LAN and Ethernet WAN interfaces, this displays the port speed and duplex
setting.
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate or N/A with WLAN
disabled.
For the 3G interface, this field displays signal strength bars when a 3G device is installed
in a USB slot and N/A when no device is detected in the USB slot.
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6
Broadband
6.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the VMG’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure your VMG for
Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the
Internet. It connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other
networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 19 LAN and WAN
WAN
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure the
WAN settings on the VMG for Internet access (Section 6.2 on page 63).
• Use the 3G Backup screen to configure 3G WAN connection (Section 6.3 on page 71).
• Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR
functions (Section 6.4 on page 76).
• Use the Ethernet WAN screen to convert LAN port number four as a WAN port or restore the
Ethernet WAN port to a LAN port (Section 6.5 on page 79).
• Use the 802.1x screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1X settings on the VMG (Section 6.6
on page 80).
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Table 6 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER-2 INTERFACE
CONNECTION
ADSL/VDSL
over PTM
ADSL over ATM
Ethernet
INTERNET CONNECTION
DSL LINK
TYPE
MODE
ENCAPSULATION
CONNECTION SETTINGS
N/A
Routing
PPPoE
PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP
address, routing feature, DNS
server, VLAN, and MTU
IPoE
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing
feature, DNS server, VLAN, and
MTU
Bridge
N/A
VLAN
Routing
PPPoE/PPPoA
ATM PVC configuration, PPP
information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address,
routing feature, DNS server, VLAN,
and MTU
IPoE/IPoA
ATM PVC configuration, IPv4/IPv6
IP address, routing feature, DNS
server, VLAN, and MTU
Bridge
N/A
ATM PVC configuration
Routing
PPPoE
PPP user name and password, WAN
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing
feature, DNS server, VLAN and MTU
IPoE
WAN IPv4/IPv6 IP address, NAT,
DNS server and routing feature
N/A
VLAN
EoA
N/A
Bridge
6.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the VMG, which makes it accessible from an outside
network. It is used by the VMG to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be
static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the VMG tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and
DNS server IP address(es).
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data
transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of
Service) can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit
(VC) between Finding Out More
PTM
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM,
packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed
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Chapter 6 Broadband
to provide a low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an
alternative to ATM.
IPv6 Introduction
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The
increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP
addresses. The VMG can use IPv4/IPv6 dual stack to connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and
supports IPv6 rapid deployment (6RD).
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This
is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So
2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as
2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double
colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So
2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as
2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An
IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address
compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For
example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
IPv6 Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided
into eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each
character (1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal
characters. For example, FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
IPv6 Rapid Deployment
Use IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an IPv4
network. When the VMG has an IPv4 WAN address and you set IPv4/IPv6 Mode to IPv4 Only,
you can enable 6rd to encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network.
The VMG generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6 traffic to the
ISP’s Border Relay router (BR in the figure) to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local
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Chapter 6 Broadband
network can also use IPv4 services. The VMG uses it’s configured IPv4 WAN IP to route IPv4 traffic
to the IPv4 Internet.
Figure 20 IPv6 Rapid Deployment
LAN
- IPv6
- IPv4
WAN
- IPv4
- IPv6 in IPv4
ISP (IPv4)
IPv6 in IPv4
IPv6 + IPv4
BR
IPv6 Internet
IPv4
IPv4 Internet
Dual Stack Lite
Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network.
When the VMG has an IPv6 WAN address and you set IPv4/IPv6 Mode to IPv6 Only, you can
enable Dual Stack Lite to use IPv4 computers and services.
The VMG tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family
Transition Router (AFTR in the graphic) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also
use IPv6 services. The VMG uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6
Internet.
Figure 21 Dual Stack Lite
LAN
- IPv6
- IPv4
IPv6 + IPv4
WAN
- IPv6
- IPv4 in IPv6
ISP (IPv6)
IPv6
IPv4 in IPv6
AFTR
IPv4 Internet
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Chapter 6 Broadband
6.1.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this
information from your ISP.
6.2 The Broadband Screen
Use this screen to change your VMG’s Internet access settings. Click Network Setting >
Broadband from the menu. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services
(connections) on the VMG.
Figure 22 Network Setting > Broadband
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New WAN
Interface
Click this button to create a new connection.
This is the index number of the entry.
Name
This is the service name of the connection.
Type
This shows whether it is an ATM, a PTM or an Ethernet connection.
Mode
This shows whether the connection is in routing or bridge mode.
Encapsulation
This is the method of encapsulation used by this connection.
802.1p
This indicates the 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This
displays N/A when there is no priority level assigned.
802.1q
This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This
displays N/A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned.
Igmp Proxy
This shows whether the VMG act as an IGMP proxy on this connection.
NAT
This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection.
Default
Gateway
This shows whether the VMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default
gateway.
IPv6
This shows whether IPv6 is activated or not for this connection. IPv6 is not available when
the connection uses the bridging service.
MLD Proxy
This shows whether Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is activated or not for this
connection. MLD is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.
Click the Delete icon to remove the WAN connection.
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6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection
Click Add New WAN Interface in the Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN
interface to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the interface type, mode,
encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode you select.
6.2.1.1 Routing Mode
Use Routing mode if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to
share an Internet account.
The following example screen displays when you select the ADSL/VDSL over ATM connection
type, Routing mode, and PPPoE encapsulation. The screen varies when you select other interface
type, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode.
Figure 23 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
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Chapter 6 Broadband
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
Name
Specify a descriptive name for this connection.
Type
Select whether it is an ADSL/VDSL over PTM or ADSL over ATM connection.
Mode
Select Routing if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to
share an Internet account.
Encapsulation
Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. This
option is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field.
The choices depend on the connection type you selected. If your connection type is ADSL/
VDSL over PTM, the choices are PPPoE and IPoE. If your connection type is ADSL over
ATM, the choices are PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE and IPoA. If your connection type is Ethernet,
the choices are PPPoE and IPoE.
IPv4/IPv6 Mode
Select IPv4 Only if you want the VMG to run IPv4 only.
Select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack to allow the VMG to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.
Select IPv6 Only if you want the VMG to run IPv6 only.
PPP Information (This is available only when you select PPPoE or PPPoA in the Mode field.)
PPP User Name
Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form
user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly
as given.
PPP Password
Enter the password associated with the user name above. Select password unmask to
show your entered password in plain text.
PPP Connection
Trigger
Select when to have the VMG establish the PPP connection.
Auto Connect - select this to not let the connection time out.
On Demand - select this to automatically bring up the connection when the VMG receives
packets destined for the Internet.
Idle Timeout
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically
disconnects from the PPPoE server.
This field is not available if you select Auto Connect in the PPP Connection Trigger field.
PPPoE
Passthrough
This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
In addition to the VMG’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow up
to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the
ISP via the VMG. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate.
Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client
software on their computers to connect to the ISP.
IP Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6
Mode field.)
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed;
the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you
have a dynamic IP address.
Static IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address
Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet
Mask
Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
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Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
Gateway IP
Address
DESCRIPTION
Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)
VPI
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
Encapsulation
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices
are:
•
•
Service
Category
LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by
identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when
you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field.
VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit
(VC). To transport multiple protocols, the VMG needs separate VCs. There is a binding
between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces
payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol
Data Unit (PDU) payload.
Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive,
such as e-mail.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data
traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections
that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
VLAN (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL/VDSL over PTM.)
Active
Select this to enable VLAN on this WAN interface.
802.1p
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame
that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection.
The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q
Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
MTU
MTU
Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic.
Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/
IPv6 Mode field.)
NAT Enable
Select this option to activate NAT on this connection.
Fullcone NAT
Enable
Select this option to enable full cone NAT on this connection. This field is available only when
you activate NAT. In full cone NAT, the VMG maps all outgoing packets from an internal IP
address and port to a single IP address and port on the external network. The VMG also
maps packets coming to that external IP address and port to the internal IP address and
port.
IGMP Proxy
Enable
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
Select this option to have the VMG act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the
VMG to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast
group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Apply as
Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the VMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
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Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6
Mode field.)
Select Obtain DNS Info Automically if you want the VMG to use the DNS server
addresses assigned by your ISP.
Select Use Following Static DNS Address if you want the VMG to use the DNS server
addresses you configure manually.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Tunnel
The DS-Lite (Dual Stack Lite) fields display when you set the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field to IPv6 Only.
Enable Dual Stack Lite to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. See Dual Stack Lite on
page 62 for more information.
Enabled DSLite
This is available only when you select IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field. Select
Enable to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network.
DS-Lite Relay
Server IP
Specify the transition router’s IPv6 address.
6RD
The 6RD (IPv6 rapid deployment) fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field to IPv4 Only. See
IPv6 Rapid Deployment on page 61 for more information.
6RD
Select Enable to tunnel IPv6 traffic from the local network through the ISP’s IPv4 network.
Select Manually Configured if you have the IPv4 address of the relay server. Otherwise,
select Automatically configured by DHCPC to have the VMG detect it automatically
through DHCP.
The Automatically configured by DHCPC option is configurable only when you set the
method of encapsulation to IPoE.
Service
Provider IPv6
Prefix
Enter an IPv6 prefix for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s border relay router and connecting
to the native IPv6 Internet.
IPv4 Mask
Length
Enter the subnet mask number (1~32) for the IPv4 network.
Border Relay
IPv4 Address
When you select Manually Configured, specify the relay server’s IPv4 address in this field.
DHCPC Options (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/
IPv6 Mode field.)
Request
Options
Select Option 43 to have the VMG automatically add vendor specific information in the
DHCP packets to request the vendor specific options from the DHCP server.
Select Option 121 to have the VMG push static routes to clients.
Sent Options
option 60
Select this and enter the device identity you want the VMG to add in the DHCP discovery
packets that go to the DHCP server.
Vendor ID
Enter the Vendor Class Identifier, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
option 61
Select this and enter any string that identifies the device.
IAID
Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for example, the WAN
connection index number.
DUID
Enter the hardware type, a time value and the MAC address of the device.
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Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
option 125
Select this to have the VMG automatically generate and add vendor specific parameters in
the DHCP discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
IPv6 Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6
Mode field.)
Obtain an IPv6
Address
Automatically
Select Obtain an IPv6 Address Automatically if you want to have the VMG use the IPv6
prefix from the connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
Static IPv6
Address
Select Static IPv6 Address if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP. When
you select this, the following fields appear.
IPv6
Address
Enter an IPv6 IP address that your ISP gave to you for this WAN interface.
Prefix
Length
Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
IPv6
Default
Gateway
Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the
same segment as your VMG's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
IPv6 Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the
IPv4/IPv6 Mode field. You can enable IPv6 routing features in the following section.)
MLD Proxy
Enable
Select this checkbox to have the VMG act as an MLD proxy on this connection. This allows
the VMG to get subscription information and maintain a joined member list for each
multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Apply as
Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the VMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
IPv6 DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv4/
IPv6 Mode field. Configure the IPv6 DNS server in the following section.
Obtain IPv6
DNS Info
Automatically
Select Obtain IPv6 DNS Info Automatically to have the VMG get the IPv6 DNS server
addresses from the ISP automatically.
Use Following
Static IPv6 DNS
Address
Select Use Following Static IPv6 DNS Address to have the VMG use the IPv6 DNS server
addresses you configure manually.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Bridging and Routing in the same WAN
Use this feature to bridge a LAN port(s) with the WAN interface. Traffic to/from LAN ports not in the bridge is
routed from the WAN interface.
ADSL use same VPI/VCI in Bridge and Route modes.
VDSL use same VLAN in Bridge and Route modes.
Enable Concurrent WAN
Enable this if you want to use the same VPI/VCI settings in different WAN interfaces. Select
this and then choose the ports to bridge with the WAN interface.
•
•
ADSL concurrent WAN uses the same VCI/PVI in both routing and bridge modes.
VDSL concurrent WAN uses same VLAN in both routing and bridge mode.
OK
Click OK to save your changes back to the VMG.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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6.2.1.2 Bridge Mode
Click the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadband screen or the Edit icon
next to the connection you want to configure. Select Bridge as the encapsulation mode. The screen
varies depending on the interface type you select.
If you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM or Ethernet as the interface type, the following screen
appears.
Figure 24 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL/VDSL over PTM Bridge Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL/VDSL over PTM Bridge or Ethernet Mode)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
Name
Enter a service name of the connection.
Type
Select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface that you want to configure. The VMG uses the
VDSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode
Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select
Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on
traffic from the selected LAN port(s).
VLAN
This section is available only when you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM in the Type field.
Active
Select the checkbox to enable VLAN on this WAN interface.
802.1p
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame
that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The
greater the number, the higher the priority level.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL/VDSL over PTM Bridge or Ethernet Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
802.1q
Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
If you select ADSL over ATM as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Figure 25 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge
Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge
Mode)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
Name
Enter a service name of the connection.
Type
Select ADSL over ATM as the interface that you want to configure. The VMG uses the ADSL
technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode
Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you
select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and
NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s).
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)
VPI
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge
Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices
are:
• LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by
identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when
you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Encapsulation field.
• VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC).
To transport multiple protocols, the VMG needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a
VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead
since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
payload.
Service
Category
Select UBR Without PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data
traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections
that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
VLAN
Active
Select the checkbox to enable VLAN on this WAN interface.
802.1p
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame
that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection.
The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q
Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
6.3 The 3G Backup Screen
The USB ports (at the left side panel of the VMG) allow you to attach a 3G dongle to wirelessly
connect to a 3G network for Internet access. You can have the VMG use the 3G WAN connection as
a backup. Disconnect the DSL and Ethernet WAN ports to use the 3G dongle as your primary WAN
connection. The VMG automatically uses a wired WAN connection when available.
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Note: This VMG supports connecting one 3G dongle at a time.
Figure 26 Internet Access Application: 3G WAN
Use this screen to configure your 3G settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 3G
Backup.
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Note: The actual data rate you obtain varies depending the 3G card you use, the signal
strength to the service provider’s base station, and so on.
Figure 27 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
3G Backup
Select Enable to have the VMG use the 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the
wired WAN connection fails.
Ping Check
Select Enable if you want the VMG to ping check the connection status of your WAN. You
can configure the frequency of the ping check and number of consecutive failures before
triggering 3G backup.
Check Cycle
Enter the frequency of the ping check in this field.
Consecutive
Fail
Enter how many consecutive failures are required before 3G backup is triggered.
Ping Default
Gateway
Select this to have the VMG ping the WAN interface’s default gateway IP address.
Ping the Host
Select this to have the VMG ping the particular host name or IP address you typed in this
field.
3G Connection Settings
Card
description
This field displays the manufacturer and model name of your 3G card if you inserted one in
the VMG. Otherwise, it displays N/A.
Username
Type the user name (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service
provider.
Password
Type the password (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user name
above.
PIN
A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a 3G card. Without the PIN code,
you cannot use the 3G card.
If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example)
provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the 3G card may be blocked by
your ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet.
If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank.
Dial string
Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provider’s
base station. Your ISP should provide the phone number.
For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or 3G connection in Taiwan.
APN
Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections with
different APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-Media
Messaging Service)) and charge method.
You can enter up to 32 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed.
Connection
Select Nailed UP if you do not want the connection to time out.
Select on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify an idle
time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field.
Max Idle
Timeout
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the VMG automatically
disconnects from the ISP.
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
Select this option if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Use the
following static
IP address
Select this option if the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IP
address.
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Chapter 6 Broadband
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL
Subnet
Mask
DESCRIPTION
Enter the subnet mask of the IP address.
Obtain DNS
info
Dynamically
Select this to have the VMG get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.
Use the
following static
DNS IP address
Select this to have the VMG use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.
Primary
DNS server
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary
DNS server
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Enable E-mail
Notification
Mail
Account
Select this to enable the e-mail notification function. The VMG will e-mail you a notification
when the 3G connection is up.
Select an e-mail address you have configured in Maintenance > Email Notification. The
VMG uses the corresponding mail server to send notifications.
You must have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification
screen.
3G Backup
E-mail Title
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the VMG
sends.
Send
Notification
to E-mail
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
Advanced
Click this to show the advanced 3G backup settings.
Budget Setup
Enable Budget
Control
Select Enable to set a monthly limit for the user account of the installed 3G card. You can
set a limit on the total traffic and/or call time. The VMG takes the actions you specified when
a limit is exceeded during the month.
Time Budget
Select this and specify the amount of time (in hours) that the 3G connection can be used
within one month. If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control,
the VMG resets the statistics.
Data Budget
(Mbytes)
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in Mega bytes) can be
transmitted via the 3G connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the VMG).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the VMG to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the VMG resets the
statistics.
Data Budget
(kPackets)
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in k Packets) can be
transmitted via the 3G connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the VMG).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the VMG to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the VMG resets the
statistics.
Reset all
budget
counters on
Select the date on which the VMG resets the budget every month. Select last if you want
the VMG to reset the budget on the last day of the month. Select specific and enter the
number of the date you want the VMG to reset the budget
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Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Reset time and
data budget
counters
Click this button to reset the time and data budgets immediately. The count starts over with
the 3G connection’s full configured monthly time and data budgets. This does not affect the
normal monthly budget restart; so if you configured the time and data budget counters to
reset on the second day of the month and you use this button on the first, the time and data
budget counters will still reset on the second.
Actions before
over budget
Specify the actions the VMG takes before the time or data limit exceeds.
Enable % of
time budget/
data budget
(Mbytes)/data
budget
(kPackets)
Select Enable and enter a number from 1 to 99 in the percentage fields. If you change the
value after you configure and enable budget control, the VMG resets the statistics.
Actions when
over budget
Specify the actions the VMG takes when the time or data limit is exceeded.
Current 3G
connection
Select Keep to maintain an existing 3G connection or Drop to disconnect it.
Actions
Enable E-mail
Notification
Mail
Account
Select Enable to enable the e-mail notification function. The VMG will e-mail you a
notification when there over budget occurs.
Select an e-mail address you have configured in Maintenance > Email Notification. The
VMG uses the corresponding mail server to send notifications.
You must have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification
screen.
3G Backup
E-mail Title
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the VMG
sends.
Send
Notification
to E-mail
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
Enable Log
Select this to activate the logging function at the interval you set in this field.
Interval
Enter the interval of how many minutes you want the VMG to e-mail you.
Basic
Click this to hide the advanced settings of 3G backup.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the VMG.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
6.4 The Advanced Screen
Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable ADSL over PTM, Annex M, DSL PhyR, and SRA
(Seamless Rate Adaptation) functions. The VMG supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is
a retransmission scheme designed to provide protection against noise on the DSL line. It improves
voice, video and data transmission resilience by utilizing a retransmission buffer.
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ITU-T G.993.2 standard defines a wide range of settings for various parameters, some of which are
encompassed in profiles as shown in the next table.
Table 12 VDSL Profiles
PROFILE
BANDWIDTH
(MHZ)
NUMBER OF
CARRIER
DOWNSTREAM BANDWIDTH
CARRIERS
(KHZ)
POWER (DBM)
MAX.
DOWNSTREAM
THROUGHPUT
(MBIT/S)
8a
8.832
2048
4.3125
17.5
50
8b
8.832
2048
4.3125
20.5
50
8c
8.5
1972
4.3125
11.5
50
8d
8.832
2048
4.3125
14.5
50
12a
12
2783
4.3125
14.5
68
12b
12
2783
4.3125
14.5
68
17a
17.664
4096
4.3125
14.5
100
30a
30
3479
8.625
14.5
200
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced to display the following screen.
Figure 28 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DSL Capabilities
PhyR US
Enable or disable PhyR US (upstream) for upstream transmission to the WAN. PhyR US
should be enabled if data being transmitted upstream is sensitive to noise. However,
enabling PhyR US can decrease the US line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the
CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it
enabled.
PhyR DS
Enable or disable PhyR DS (downstream) for downstream transmission from the WAN.
PhyR DS should be enabled if data being transmitted downstream is sensitive to noise.
However, enabling PhyR DS can decrease the DS line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will
require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and
have it enabled.
Bitswap
Select Enable to allow the VMG to adapt to line changes when you are using G.dmt.
Bit-swapping is a way of keeping the line more stable by constantly monitoring and
redistributing bits between channels.
SRA
Enable or disable Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA). Select Enable to have the VMG
automatically adjust the connection’s data rate according to line conditions without
interrupting service.
ADSL Modulation
PTM over ADSL
Select Enable to use PTM over ADSL. Since PTM has less overhead than ATM, some ISPs
use this for better performance.
G.Dmt
ITU G.992.1 (better known as G.dmt) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone
modulation. G.dmt full-rate ADSL expands the usable bandwidth of existing copper
telephone lines, delivering high-speed data communications at rates up to 8 Mbit/s
downstream and 1.3 Mbit/s upstream.
G.lite
ITU G.992.2 (better known as G.lite) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone
modulation. G.lite does not strictly require the use of DSL filters, but like all variants of
ADSL generally functions better with splitters.
T1.413
ANSI T1.413 is a technical standard that defines the requirements for the single asymmetric
digital subscriber line (ADSL) for the interface between the telecommunications network and
the customer installation in terms of their interaction and electrical characteristics.
ADSL2
It optionally extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates to 12 Mbit/s downstream
and, depending on Annex version, up to 3.5 Mbit/s upstream (with a mandatory capability
of ADSL2 transceivers of 8 Mbit/s downstream and 800 kbit/s upstream).
AnnexL
Annex L is an optional specification in the ITU-T ADSL2 recommendation G.992.3 titled
Specific requirements for a Reach Extended ADSL2 (READSL2) system operating in the
frequency band above POTS, therefore it is often referred to as Reach Extended ADSL2 or
READSL2.The main difference between this specification and commonly deployed Annex A is
the maximum distance that can be used. The power of the lower frequencies used for
transmitting data is boosted up to increase the reach of this signal up to 7 kilometers
(23,000 ft).
ADSL2+
ADSL2+ extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream
channels. The data rates can be as high as 24 Mbit/s downstream and up to 1.4 Mbit/s
upstream depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.
Annex M
Annex M is an optional specification in ITU-T recommendations G.992.3 (ADSL2) and
G.992.5 (ADSL2+), also referred to as ADSL2 M and ADSL2+ M. This specification extends
the capability of commonly deployed Annex A by more than doubling the number of
upstream bits. The data rates can be as high as 12 or 24 Mbit/s downstream and 3 Mbit/s
upstream depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.
VDSL Profile
VDSL2 profiles differ in the width of the frequency band used to transmit the broadband signal. Profiles that
use a wider frequency band can deliver higher maximum speeds.
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Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
8a, 8b, 8c, 8d,
12a, 12b, 17a,
US0
The G.993.2 VDSL standard defines a wide range of profiles that can be used in different
VDSL deployment settings, such as in a central office, a street cabinet or a building.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the VMG.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
The VMG must comply with at least one profile specified in G.993.2. but compliance with
more than one profile is allowed.
6.5 The Ethernet WAN Screen
Use the Ethernet WAN screen to convert LAN port number four as a WAN port for Ethernet
Internet access and to restore it back from a WAN port to a LAN port.
It’s not enough to just enable LAN 4 as a WAN port here. You must also go to Network Setting >
Broadband screen and create a new interface for it with the Type as Ethernet and
Encapsulation as IPoE, and it’s advisable to enable NAT.
Note: You cannot have DSL and Ethernet WAN connections working at the same time.
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Ethernet WAN to display the following screen.
Figure 29 Network Setting > Broadband > Ethernet WAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Network Setting > Network Setting > Ethernet WAN
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select Enable to convert LAN port number four to a WAN port.
Select Disable to restore LAN port number four to a LAN port.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the VMG.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
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6.6 The 802.1x Screen
You can view and configure the 802.1X authentication settings in the 802.1x screen. Click
Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x to display the following screen.
Figure 30 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Network Setting > Network Setting > 802.1x
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the authentication is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that
this authentication is active. A gray bulb signifies that this authentication is not active.
Interface
This is the interface that uses the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
interface assigned.
EAP Identity
This shows the EAP identity of the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no EAP
identity assigned.
EAP method
This shows the EAP method used in the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
EAP method assigned.
Bidirectional
Authentication
This shows whether bidirectional authentication is allowed.
Certificate
This shows the certificate used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
certificate assigned.
Trusted CA
This shows the Trusted CA used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
Trusted CA assigned.
Modify
Click this icon to edit an item.
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6.6.1 Modify 802.1X Settings
Use this screen to edit 802.1X authentication settings. Click the Edit icon next to the rule you want
to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 31 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x > Modify
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x: Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
This field allows you to activate/deactivate the authentication.
Select the checkbox to enable the authentication. Clear this to disable this authentication
without having to delete the entry.
Interface
Select an interface to which the authentication applies.
EAP Identity
Enter the EAP identity of the authentication.
EAP method
This is the EAP method used for this authentication.
Bidirectional
Authentication
Select the checkbox to allow bidirectional authentication.
Certificate
Select the certificate you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the
certificate in the Security > Certificates > Local Certificates screen.
Trusted CA
Select the Trusted CA you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the
certificate in the Security > Certificates > Trusted CA screen.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
6.7 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the VMG features described in
this chapter.
Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The VMG can work in bridge mode
or routing mode. When the VMG is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.
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IP over Ethernet
IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an
Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface
and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged
environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.
PPP over ATM (PPPoA)
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection
functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The VMG encapsulates the PPP session based on
RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service
Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information
on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a
manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how
a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.)
connection.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a
function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and
offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no
specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the VMG (rather than individual computers), the computers on
the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the VMG does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5
(AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit
(LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a
separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed
information.
Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to
use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.
VC-based Multiplexing
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In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for
example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where
dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained
in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be
advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if
charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate
and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate
congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video
connections.
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may
be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a
maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed
because it is dependent on the line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the
maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be
greater than the PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS
is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more
cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that
correlates to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 32 Example of Traffic Shaping
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ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0
Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being
sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections
that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds
this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution
video and voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use
the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time
(VBR-nRT) connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely
controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is
specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would
be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth
requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not
require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical
on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an
VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't
guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An
example application is background file transfer.
IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a
different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have
either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices
for IP address and default gateway.
Introduction to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical
networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one
group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same
group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the
subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network
resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of
another user in the same building.
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VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets
go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast
domain.
Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership
of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The
VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a
frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame
across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two
bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame)
and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet
frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If
a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as
it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum
number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A
frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority
level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the
4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved,
so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.
TPID
User Priority
CFI
VLAN ID
2 Bytes
3 Bits
1 Bit
12 Bits
Multicast
IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast
(1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the
network - not everybody and not just 1.
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership
in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an
improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to
read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please
see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be
in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group
and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is
assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the
224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast
routers group.
At start up, the VMG queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After
that, the VMG periodically updates this information.
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely
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important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access
it.
The VMG can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you
sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the VMG’s WAN IP
address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This
is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can
be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An
IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address
compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For
example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
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7
Wireless
7.1 Overview
This chapter describes the VMG’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these screens to set
up your VMG’s wireless connection.
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
This section describes the VMG’s Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your VMG’s
wireless connection.
• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless
security mode (Section 7.2 on page 88).
• Use the Guest/More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your VMG (Section 7.3
on page 93).
• Use the MAC Authentication screen to low or deny wireless clients based on their MAC
addresses from connecting to the VMG (Section 7.4 on page 97).
• Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal
Identification Number) (Section 7.5 on page 98).
• Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless
networks for multimedia applications (Section 7.6 on page 99).
• Use the Others screen to configure wireless advanced features, such as the RTS/CTS Threshold
(Section 7.7 on page 100).
• Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results
(Section 7.8 on page 102).
7.1.2 What You Need to Know
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and
receive information over the airwowaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with
one another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange
information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking
devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to
use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in
that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data
encryption.
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Finding Out More
See Section 7.9 on page 103 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.
7.2 The General Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the VMG from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and
you change the VMG’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your
wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the
wireless settings of your computer to match the VMG’s new settings.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen.
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Figure 33 Network Setting > Wireless > General
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 17 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Band
This shows the wireless band which this radio profile is using. 2.4GHz is the frequency used
by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless clients.
Wireless
You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field.
Channel
Use Auto to have the VMG automatically determine a channel to use.
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Table 17 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Bandwidth
Select whether the VMG uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or 40MHz.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz
channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps.
40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase
throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20
MHz setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
Control
Sideband
This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth
field to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the Channel field) should be in the
Lower or Upper range of channel bands.
Passphrase
Type
If you set security for the wireless LAN and have the VMG generate a password, the setting
in this field determines how the VMG generates the password.
Select None to set the VMG’s password generation to not be based on a passphrase.
Select Fixed to use a 16 character passphrase for generating a password.
Select Variable to use a 16 to 63 character passphrase for generating a password.
Passphrase Key
For a fixed type passphrase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). It
must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.
For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no
spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Max Clients
Specify the maximum number of clients that can connect to this network at the same time.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Multicast
Forwarding
Select this check box to allow the VMG to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless
unicast traffic.
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
BSSID
This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the VMG when wireless LAN is
enabled.
Security Level
Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-WPA2-Personal) to
add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this
network must have same wireless security settings as the VMG. When you select to use a
security, additional options appears in this screen.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.2.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any
data encryption or authentication.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your VMG, your network is accessible
to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 34 Wireless > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Wireless > General: No Security
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Choose No Security to allow all wireless connections without data encryption or
authentication.
7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption)
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points
(AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points
must use the same WEP key.
Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using
widely-available software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more
effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the
wireless devices in your network support. For example, use WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
if all your wireless devices support it, or use WPA or WPA2 if your wireless devices
support it and you have a RADIUS server. If your wireless devices support nothing
stronger than WEP, use the highest encryption level available.
Your VMG allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be
enabled at any one time.
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Setting > Wireless to display the
General screen, then select Basic as the security level.
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Figure 35 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Select Basic to enable WEP data encryption.
Security Mode
This shows WEP when you set Security Level to Basic.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the VMG automatically generate a password. The password field
will not be configurable when you select this option.
Password 1~4
The password (WEP keys) are used to encrypt data. Both the VMG and the wireless stations
must use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
You must configure at least one password, only one password can be activated at any one
time.
Select password unmask to display the entered password in plain text. Clear it to hide the
password to avoid shoulder surfing.
more.../hide
Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click hide to hide them.
WEP Encryption
Select 64-bit or 128-bit.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)
The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over
WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the VMG and the connecting client share a common
password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong
as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of
the WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it
less robust than it could be.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the
security level.
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Note: WPA-PSK or WPA-WPA2-Personal is not available if you enable WPS before you
configure them.
Figure 36 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA2-PSK
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA2-PSK
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Select More Secure to enable WPA2-PSK data encryption.
Security Mode
Select WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA-WPA2-Personal from the drop-down list box.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the VMG automatically generate a password. The password field
will not be configurable when you select this option.
Password
If you did not select Generate password automatically, you can manually type a preshared key from 8 to 64 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
Select password unmask to display the entered password in plain text. Clear it to hide the
password to avoid shoulder surfing.
more.../hide
Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click hide to hide them.
Encryption
Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.
Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group
key out to all clients.
7.3 The Guest/More AP Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the VMG.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP. The following screen displays.
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Figure 37 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active.
A gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.
SSID
An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the VMG’s BSSs. The SSID (Service
Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated.
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client
scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless
client utility.
Security
This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Guest WLAN
This displays if the guest WLAN function has been enabled for this WLAN.
If Home Guest displays, clients connecting to the same SSID can communicate with each
other directly.
If External Guest displays, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
N/A displays if guest WLAN is disabled.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
7.3.1 Edit Guest/More AP
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the Guest/More AP
screen. The following screen displays.
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Figure 38 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 22 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless
You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field.
Passphrase
Type
If you set security for the wireless LAN and have the VMG generate a password, the setting
in this field determines how the VMG generates the password.
Select None to set the VMG’s password generation to not be based on a passphrase.
Select Fixed to use a 16 character passphrase for generating a password.
Select Variable to use a 16 to 63 character passphrase for generating a password.
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Table 22 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Passphrase Key
For a fixed type passphrase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). It
must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.
For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no
spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Multicast
Forwarding
Select this check box to allow the VMG to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless
unicast traffic.
Guest WLAN
Select this to create Guest WLANs for home and external clients. Select the WLAN type in
the Access Scenario field.
Access
Scenario
If you select Home Guest, clients connecting to the same SSID can communicate with each
other directly.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
If you select External Guest, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
Move your mouse over the network icon next to the drop-down list box to view the
corresponding network topology.
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
SSID Subnet
Select Enable if you want the wireless network interface to assign DHCP IP addresses to the
associated wireless clients.
DHCP Start
Address
Specify the first of the contiguous addresses in the DHCP IP address pool.
The VMG assigns IP addresses from this DHCP pool to wireless clients connecting to the
SSID.
DHCP End
Address
Specify the last of the contiguous addresses in the DHCP IP address pool.
SSID
Subnet
Mask
Specify the subnet mask of the VMG for the SSID subnet.
LAN IP
Address
Specify the IP address of the VMG for the SSID subnet.
Security Level
Security Mode
Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-WPA2-Personal) to
add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this
network must have same wireless security settings as the VMG. After you select to use a
security, additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See Section 7.2.1 on page 91 for more details about this field.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen
This screen allows you to configure the VMG to give exclusive access to specific devices (Allow) or
exclude specific devices from accessing the VMG (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC
(Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:01:23:45. You need to know the MAC
addresses of the devices to configure this screen.
Use this screen to view your VMG’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules. Click Network
Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 39 Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Network Setting > Wireless > Authentication
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
SSID
Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.
MAC Restrict
Mode
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC address list.
Select Disable to turn off MAC filtering.
Select Deny to block access to the VMG. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access
the VMG.
Select Allow to permit access to the VMG. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access
to the VMG.
MAC address List
Add new MAC
address
Click this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below. This
button is not configurable when you select Disable in the MAC Restrict Mode field.
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
VMG. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
This is the index number of the entry.
MAC Address
This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
VMG.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to change the MAC address.
Click the Delete icon to remove the entry.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.5 The WPS Screen
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your VMG.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS. See Section 7.9.8.3 on page 111 for more information about WPS.
Note: The VMG applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 7.2 on
page 88). If you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you have set the security
mode of SSID1 to WPA2-PSK or No Security.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. Select Enable and click
Apply to activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen.
Figure 40 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
WPS
Select Enable to activate WPS on this VMG.
Add a new device with WPS Method
Method 1
WPS
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration (PBC).
Select Enable and click Apply to activate WPS method 1 on the VMG.
Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the
VMG) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside
of device, or a menu button similar to the WPS button on this screen.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of pressing
this button.
Method 2
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the client into the
VMG. Select Enable and click Apply to activate WPS method 2 on the VMG.
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Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS (continued)
LABEL
Register
DESCRIPTION
Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click
Register to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s
settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its
PIN to the VMG.
Method 3
Release
Configuration
Generate
New PIN
Number
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the VMG into the
client. Select Enable and click Apply to activate WPS method 3 on the VMG.
The default WPS status is configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the VMG.
If this method has been enabled, the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the VMG is
shown here. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to
using WPS.
The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.
Click the Generate New PIN button to have the VMG create a new PIN.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
7.6 The WMM Screen
Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Power Save in wireless networks for
multimedia applications.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays.
Figure 41 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WMM of
SSID1~4
Select On to have the VMG automatically give the wireless network (SSIDx) a priority level
according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia
Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more
smoothly.
WMM Automatic Select this option to extend the battery life of your mobile devices (especially useful for
Power Save
small devices that are running multimedia applications). The VMG goes to sleep mode to
Delivery(APSD) save power when it is not transmitting data. The AP buffers the packets sent to the VMG
until the VMG "wakes up". The VMG wakes up periodically to check for incoming data.
Note: This works only if the wireless device to which the VMG is connected also supports this
feature.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
7.7 The Others Screen
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless >
Others. The screen appears as shown.
See Section 7.9.2 on page 105 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen.
Figure 42 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS
Threshold
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS
(Clear To Send) handshake.
Enter a value between 0 and 2347.
Fragmentation
Threshold
This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and
2346.
Auto Channel
Timer
If you set the channel to Auto in the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen,
specify the interval in minutes for how often the VMG scans for the best channel. Enter 0 to
disable the periodical scan.
Output Power
Set the output power of the VMG. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the
output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following: 20%,
40%, 60%, 80% or 100%.
Beacon Interval
When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval.
This specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again.
The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low power
mode before waking up to handle the beacon. This value can be set from 50ms to 1000ms.
A high value helps save current consumption of the access point.
DTIM Interval
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and
multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Power Saving mode. A high DTIM
value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1
to 255.
802.11 Mode
Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the VMG.
Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the VMG.
Select 802.11n Only to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the VMG.
Select 802.11b/g Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the VMG. The transmission rate of your VMG might be reduced.
Select 802.11b/g/n Mixed to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n
compliant WLAN devices to associate with the VMG. The transmission rate of your VMG
might be reduced.
802.11
Protection
Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks (networks with
both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).
Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This
helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance.
Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your VMG might be
reduced in a mixed-mode network.
This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b
Only.
RIFS
Advertisement
Select Auto to enable the Reduced Inter-frame Spacing (RIFS) feature. It improves the
Device’s performance by reducing the amount of dead time required between OFDM
transmissions. Select Off to disable the feature.
Preamble
Select a preamble type from the drop-down list box. Choices are Long or Short. See
Section 7.9.7 on page 109 for more information.
This field is configurable only when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b.
RX Chain Power
Save
Select Enable to activate the RX Chain Power Save feature. It turns off one of the Receive
chains to save power when it is not in use. Select Disabled to disable this feature.
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Table 26 Network Setting > Wireless > Others (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
OBSS
Coexistence
Select Enable to allow the coexistence of 20 MHz and 40 MHz Overlapping Basic Service
Sets (OBSS) in wireless local area networks. Select Disabled to disable this feature.
XPressTM
Technology
Select Enable for higher speeds, especially if you have both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE
802.11g wireless clients. The wireless clients do not have to support XPress™ Technology,
although the performance enhancement is greater if they do. Select Disabled to disable
this feature.
WPS 2.0
Select Enable to support WPS 2.0 which enhances WPS security and flexibility on
configuration. Select Disabled to disable this feature.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
7.8 The Channel Status Screen
Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results. Click
Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status. The screen appears as shown. Click Scan to
scan the wireless LAN channels. You can view the results in the Channel Scan Result section.
Note: The Scan button only works when the VMG uses 20MHz for the wireless channel
width. You can go to the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen, click the
more link, and then change the channel width setting in the Bandwidth field.
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Figure 43 Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status
7.9 Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see Appendix B on page 267.
7.9.1 Wireless Network Overview
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with
numerous wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients,
extending a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless
clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
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• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to
one another in order to exchange information.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 44 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the
access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your
VMG is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or
frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For
the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a
variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you
create a network, you must select a channel to use.
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Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of
available channels also varies.
7.9.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the VMG’s Web
Configurator.
Table 27 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM
DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold
In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not
aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP
at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must
sometimes get permission to send information to the VMG. The lower the value, the
more often the devices must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then
wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the VMG.
Preamble
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble
modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the VMG
does, it cannot communicate with the VMG.
Authentication
The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network.
Fragmentation
Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger
threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
7.9.3 Wireless Security Overview
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this
means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data
passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to
the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to
compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to
ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried
on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people
presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the
network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only
people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been
authenticated are given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired
Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a
determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a
user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you
use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter
long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short
key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
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Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have
sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless
network should ensure that effective security is in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure
information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random
and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and
her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use
“70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
7.9.3.1 SSID
Normally, the VMG acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide
the SSID instead, in which case the VMG does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should
change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless
devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that
is sent in the wireless network.
7.9.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC
address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example,
00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless
network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the VMG which devices are allowed or not allowed to use
the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the
correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless
network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an
authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
7.9.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every
device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS
server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server,
you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network,
even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized
1.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds
of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and
password to use the wireless network.
7.9.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot
understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 7.9.3.3
on page 106 for information about this.)
Table 28 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
Weakest
NO AUTHENTICATION
RADIUS SERVER
No Security
WPA
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest
WPA2-PSK
WPA2
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users
do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or
WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network
supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the VMG and you do not have a
RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two
devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should
set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still
possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information
pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your VMG, you can also select an option (WPA
compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some
support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network
login) and select the WPA compatible option in the VMG.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer
the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.
7.9.4 Signal Problems
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance,
interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference
occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio
transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are
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coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when
physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
7.9.5 BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a
wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is
disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other.
When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired
network but cannot communicate with each other.
Figure 45 Basic Service set
7.9.6 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well
as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The VMG’s
MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to
provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security
modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
7.9.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
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• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs
(they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s
communications (but not communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
7.9.7 Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of
the synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide
more efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the
network support it, otherwise the VMG uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
7.9.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
Your VMG supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless
network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device
to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set
up a secure network by themselves.
7.9.8.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled
device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in
their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.
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Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration
utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the VMG, see
Section 7.6 on page 99).
Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the VMG you must press the
WPS button for more than three seconds.
Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name
(SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s
configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
7.9.8.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be
static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking
on a button in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure
that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to
activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of
both devices to use the PIN method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client)
into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated
on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends
the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router
(referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.
Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to
do this.
Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the
client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the
VMG, see Section 7.5 on page 98).
Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can
either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.
On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect,
WPS was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If
you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
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The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer)
connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Figure 46 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
WPS
This device’s
WPS PIN: 123456
WPS
Enter WPS PIN
from other device:
WPS
WPS
START
START
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURE EAP TUNNEL
SSID
WPA(2)-PSK
COMMUNICATION
7.9.8.3 How WPS Works
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts
as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts
as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a
secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the
WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used
depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it
sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a
WPS-enabled access point.
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Figure 47 How WPS works
ACTIVATE
WPS
ACTIVATE
WPS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
WPS HANDSHAKE
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURE TUNNEL
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two
minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS
transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing
networked devices and the new device.
Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the
enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network
and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is
unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a
WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A
configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a
configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS
connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset
it to its factory defaults.
7.9.8.4 Example WPS Network Setup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are
unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1
is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security
information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
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Figure 48 WPS: Example Network Step 1
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURITY INFO
AP1
CLIENT 1
In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar
mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must
connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the
registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies
the existing security information to Client 2.
Figure 49 WPS: Example Network Step 2
REGISTRAR
EXISTING CONNECTION
AP1
CLIENT 1
ENROLLEE
CLIENT 2
In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you
cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client
2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
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Figure 50 WPS: Example Network Step 3
EXISTING CONNECTION
AP1
CLIENT 1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 2
ENROLLEE
AP2
7.9.8.5 Limitations of WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It
does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices
simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by
pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it
successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to
a network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared
key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar
device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you
can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device
must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).
• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button
on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled
device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the
“correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a
possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices
simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not
have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and
look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the
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access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a
rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the
MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If
there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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Home Networking
8.1 Overview
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices
are connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.
Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.
LAN
DSL
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your
VMG (Section 8.2 on page 118).
• Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers
based on their MAC Addresses (Section 8.3 on page 122).
• Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP and UPnP NAT traversal on the VMG (Section 8.4 on page
123).
• Use the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP (Section 8.5 on page
126).
• Use the STB Vendor ID screen to configure the Vendor IDs of the connected Set Top Box (STB)
devices, which have the VMG automatically create static DHCP entries for the STB devices when
they request IP addresses (Section 8.6 on page 127).
• Use the Wake on LAN screen to remotely turn on a device on the network. (Section 8.7 on page
127).
• Use the TFTP Server Name screen to set a TFTP server address which is passed to the clients
using DHCP option 66. (Section 8.8 on page 128).
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8.1.2 What You Need To Know
8.1.2.1 About LAN
IP Address
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet Mask
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
DHCP
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your VMG an IP address, subnet
mask, DNS and other routing information when it's turned on.
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and
vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP
address of a networking device before you can access it.
RADVD (Router Advertisement Daemon)
When an IPv6 host sends a Router Solicitation (RS) request to discover the available routers,
RADVD with Router Advertisement (RA) messages in response to the request. It specifies the
minimum and maximum intervals of RA broadcasts. RA messages containing the address prefix.
IPv6 hosts can be generated with the IPv6 prefix an IPv6 address.
8.1.2.2 About UPnP
Identifying UPnP Devices
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions.
NAT traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
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• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the Chapter 11 on page 157 for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also
be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For
security reasons, the VMG allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP and ZyXEL
ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™
Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD)
1.0.
See Section 8.4.1 on page 124 for examples of installing and using UPnP.
Finding Out More
See Section 8.9 on page 128 for technical background information on LANs.
8.1.3 Before You Begin
Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client
List screen.
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen
Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your VMG. Click
Network Setting > Home Networking to open the LAN Setup screen.
Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings.
Enter an IP address into the IP Address field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation.
This will become the IP address of your VMG.
Enter the IP subnet mask into the IP Subnet Mask field. Unless instructed otherwise it is best to
leave this alone, the configurator will automatically compute a subnet mask based upon the IP
address you entered.
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Click Apply to save your settings.
Figure 51 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 29 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface Group
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure LAN settings. See Chapter
14 on page 179 for how to create a new interface group.
LAN IP Setup
IP Address
Enter the LAN IPv4 address you want to assign to your VMG in dotted decimal notation, for
example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Subnet Mask
Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example
255.255.255.0 (factory default).
IGMP Snooping
Active
Select Enable to allows the VMG to passively learn multicast group.
DHCP Server State
DHCP
Select Enable to have the VMG act as a DHCP server or DHCP relay agent.
Select Disable to stop the DHCP server on the VMG.
Select DHCP Relay to have the VMG forward DHCP request to the DHCP server.
DHCP Relay
Server Address
This field is only available when you select DHCP Relay in the DHCP field.
IP Address
Enter the IPv4 address of the actual remote DHCP server in this field.
IP Addressing
Values
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
Beginning IP
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Ending IP
Address
This field specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Auto reserve IP
for the same
host
Select Enable to have the VMG record DHCP IP addresses with the MAC addresses the IP
addresses are assigned to. The VMG assigns the same IP address to the same MAC address
when the host requests an IP address again through DHCP.
DHCP Server
Lease Time
This is the period of time DHCP-assigned addresses is used. DHCP automatically assigns IP
addresses to clients when they log in. DHCP centralizes IP address management on central
computers that run the DHCP server program. DHCP leases addresses, for a period of time,
which means that past addresses are “recycled” and made available for future reassignment
to other systems.
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
Days/Hours/
Minutes
Enter the lease time of the DHCP server.
DNS Values
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
DNS
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information.
Select DNS Proxy if you have the DNS proxy service. The VMG redirects clients’ DNS
queries to a DNS server for resolving domain names.
Select Static if you have the IP address of a DNS server.
DNS Server 1/2
Enter the first and second DNS (Domain Name System) server IP addresses the VMG passes
to the DHCP clients.
LAN IPv6 Mode Setup
IPv6 Active
Select Enable to activate the IPv6 mode and configure IPv6 settings on the VMG.
Link Local Address Type
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Table 29 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
EUI64
Select this to have the VMG generate an interface ID for the LAN interface’s link-local
address using the EUI-64 format.
Manual
Select this to manually enter an interface ID for the LAN interface’s link-local address.
Lan Global Identifier Type
EUI64
Select this to have the VMG generate an interface ID using the EUI-64 format for its global
address.
Manual
Select this to manually enter an interface ID for the LAN interface’s global IPv6 address.
LAN IPv6 Address Setup
Delegate prefix
from WAN
Select this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the service provider
or an uplink router.
Static
Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 address for the VMG’s LAN IPv6 address.
MLD Snooping
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence
of MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast
groups the hosts want to join on its network.
Active
Select Enable to activate MLD Snooping on the VMG. This allows the VMG to check MLD
packets passing through it and learn the multicast group membership. It helps reduce
multicast traffic.
LAN IPv6
Address Assign
Setup
Select how you want to obtain an IPv6 address:
•
•
•
LAN IPv6 DNS
Assign Setup
Stateless: The VMG uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. RADVD (Router
Advertisement Daemon) is enabled to have the VMG send IPv6 prefix information in
router advertisements periodically and in response to router solicitations. DHCPv6 server
is disabled.
Stateful: The VMG uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. The DHCPv6 server is enabled
to have the VMG act as a DHCPv6 server and pass IPv6 addresses to DHCPv6 clients.
Stateless and Stateful: The VMG uses both IPv6 stateless and stateful
autoconfiguration. The LAN IPv6 clients can obtain IPv6 addresses either through router
advertisements or through DHCPv6.
Select how the VMG provide DNS server and domain name information to the clients:
•
•
•
From Router Advertisement: The VMG provides DNS information through router
advertisements.
From DHCPv6 Server: The VMG provides DNS information through DHCPv6.
From RA & DHCPv6 Server: The VMG provides DNS information through both router
advertisements and DHCPv6.
DHCPv6 Configuration
DHCPv6 Active
This shows the status of the DHCPv6. DHCPv6 Server displays if you configured the VMG
to act as a DHCPv6 server which assigns IPv6 addresses and/or DNS information to clients.
IPv6 Router Advertisement State
RADVD Active
This shows whether RADVD is enabled or not.
IPv6 DNS Values
IPv6 DNS
Server 1-3
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns IPv6 DNS server information.
Select User-Defined if you have the IPv6 address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server
IPv6 addresses the VMG passes to the DHCP clients.
Select None if you do not want to configure IPv6 DNS servers.
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Table 29 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DNS Query
Scenario
Select how the VMG handles clients’ DNS information requests.
•
•
•
•
•
IPv4/IPv6 DNS Server: The VMG forwards the requests to both the IPv4 and IPv6
DNS servers and sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
IPv6 DNS Server Only: The VMG forwards the requests to the IPv6 DNS server and
sends clients the DNS information it receives.
IPv4 DNS Server Only: The VMG forwards the requests to the IPv4 DNS server and
sends clients the DNS information it receives.
IPv6 DNS Server First: The VMG forwards the requests to the IPv6 DNS server first
and then the IPv4 DNS server. Then it sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
IPv4 DNS Server First: The VMG forwards the requests to the IPv4 DNS server first
and then the IPv6 DNS server. Then it sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
8.3 The Static DHCP Screen
This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on
their MAC Addresses.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is
assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example,
00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Use this screen to change your VMG’s static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting > Home
Networking > Static DHCP to open the following screen.
Figure 52 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Static DHCP
Configuration
Click this to add a new static DHCP entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the client is connected to the VMG.
MAC Address
The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is
unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is
assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other
adapter has a similar address.
IP Address
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to have the IP address field editable and change it.
Click the Delete icon to delete a static DHCP entry. A window displays asking you to
confirm that you want to delete the selected entry.
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If you click Static DHCP Configuration in the Static DHCP screen or the Edit icon next to a static
DHCP entry, the following screen displays.
Figure 53 Static DHCP: Static DHCP Configuration/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Static DHCP: Static DHCP Configuration/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select this to activate the connection between the client and the VMG.
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure static DHCP settings.
See Chapter 14 on page 179 for how to create a new interface group.
IP Type
This field displays IPv4 for the type of the DHCP IP address. At the time of writing, it is
not allowed to select other type.
Select Device Info
Select a device or computer from the drop-down list or select Manual Input to manually
enter a device’s MAC address and IP address in the following fields.
MAC Address
If you select Manual Input, enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
IP Address
If you select Manual Input, enter the IP address that you want to assign to the
computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
8.4 The UPnP Screen
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for
simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a
network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
See page 117 for more information on UPnP.
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Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your VMG. Click Network Setting >
Home Networking > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
Figure 54 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
UPnP
Select Enable to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open
the web configurator's login screen without entering the VMG's IP address (although you
must still enter the password to access the web configurator).
UPnP NAT-T
Select Enable to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the VMG so
that they can communicate through the VMG by using NAT traversal. UPnP applications
automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP
enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP
enabled application.
The table below displays the NAT port forwarding rules added automatically by UPnP NAT-T.
This is the index number of the UPnP NAT-T connection.
Description
This is the description of the UPnP NAT-T connection.
Destination IP
Address
This is the IP address of the other connected UPnP-enabled device.
External Port
This is the external port number that identifies the service.
Internal Port
This is the internal port number that identifies the service.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol used for the service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
8.4.1 Turning On UPnP in Windows 7 Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows 7. UPnP server is installed in
Windows 7. Activate UPnP on the VMG.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the VMG. Turn on your computer and the
VMG.
Click the start icon, Control Panel and then the Network and Sharing Center.
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Click Change Advanced Sharing Settings.
Select Turn on network discovery and click Save Changes. Network discovery allows your
computer to find other computers and devices on the network and other computers on the network
to find your computer. This makes it easier to share files and printers.
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8.5 The Additional Subnet Screen
Use the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same
Ethernet interface. The VMG supports multiple logical LAN interfaces via its physical Ethernet
interface with the VMG itself as the gateway for the LAN network. When you use IP alias, you can
also configure firewall rules to control access to the LAN's logical network (subnet).
If your ISP provides the Public LAN service, the VMG may use an LAN IP address that can be
accessed from the WAN.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet to display the screen shown
next.
Figure 55 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Alias Setup
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure the IP alias settings. See
Chapter 14 on page 179 for how to create a new interface group.
Active
Select Enable to configure a LAN network for the VMG.
IPv4 Address
Enter the IP address of your VMG in dotted decimal notation.
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example
255.255.255.0 (factory default).
Public LAN
Active
Select Enable to turn on the Public LAN feature. Your ISP must support Public LAN and
Static IP.
IPv4 Address
Enter the public IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet Mask
Enter the public IP subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Offer Public IP
by DHCP
Select Enable to allow the VMG to provide public IP addresses by DHCP server.
Enable ARP
Proxy
Select Enable to activate the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy.
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Table 33 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
8.6 The STB Vendor ID Screen
Set Top Box (STB) devices with dynamic IP addresses sometimes don’t renew their IP addresses
before the lease time expires. This could lead to IP address conflicts if the STB continues to use an
IP address that gets assigned to another device. Use this screen to configure the Vendor IDs of
connected STBs, which have the VMG automatically created static DHCP entries for them when they
request IP addresses.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID to open this screen.
Figure 56 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Vendor ID 1~5
These are STB’s Vendor Class Identifiers (DHCP option 60). A Vendor Class Identifier is
usually used to inform the DHCP server a DHCP client’s vendor and functionality.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
8.7 The Wake on LAN Screen
Use this screen to turn on a device on the LAN network. To use this feature, the remote device must
also support Wake On LAN.
You need to know the MAC address of the LAN device. It may be on a label on the device or in its
documentation.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on LAN to open this screen.
Figure 57 Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on LAN
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on LAN
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wake by
Address
Select Manual and enter the IP address or MAC address of the device to turn it on remotely.
The drop-down list also lists the IP addresses that can be found in the VMG’s ARP table.
Select an IP address and it will then automatically update the IP address and MAC address
in the following fields.
IP Address
Enter the IPv4 IP address of the device to turn it on.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC address of the device to turn it on. A MAC address consists of six
hexadecimal character pairs.
Wake up
Click this to send a wake up packet to wake up the specified device.
8.8 The TFTP Server Name Screen
Use the TFTP Server Name screen to set the TFTP server address which is passed to the clients
using DHCP option 66. The DHCP clients in the VMG local network, such as STB devices, can then
use the TFTP server address or domain name for configuration file download. RFC 2132 defines the
option 66 open standard. DHCP option 66 carries the IP address or the domain name of a single
TFTP server.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > TFTP Server Name to open this screen.
Figure 58 Network Setting > Home Networking > TFTP Server Name
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > TFTP Server Name
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
TFTP Server
Name
Enter the IP address or the domain name of a single TFTP server.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
8.9 Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
8.9.1 LANs, WANs and the VMG
The actual physical connection determines whether the VMG ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are
two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as
shown next.
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Figure 59 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
LAN
WAN
8.9.2 DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to
obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the VMG as a DHCP server
or disable it. When configured as a server, the VMG provides the TCP/IP configuration for the
clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
IP Pool Setup
The VMG is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the
product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to
your LAN computers.
8.9.3 DNS Server Addresses
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa.
The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are
passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.
• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when
you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in
the DHCP Setup screen.
• Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of
IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS
servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The VMG supports
the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.
Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It
does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If
your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the
DHCP Setup screen.
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8.9.4 LAN TCP/IP
The VMG has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems
that support DHCP client capability.
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN
share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the VMG.
The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for
private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select
192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the
network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for
instance, 192.168.1.1, for your VMG, but make sure that no other device on your network is using
that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your VMG will compute the
subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the
subnet mask computed by the VMG unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
• 172.16.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
— 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
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Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment,
please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private Internets” and RFC 1466,
“Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.
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9
Routing
9.1 Overview
The VMG usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to
the Internet. To have the VMG send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use
static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the VMG’s LAN interface. The VMG
routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the VMG’s default gateway (R1). You create one
static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create another static
route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the LAN.
Figure 60 Example of Routing Topology
R1
LAN
WAN
R3
R2
9.2 The Routing Screen
Use this screen to view and configure the static route rules on the VMG. Click Network Setting >
Routing > Static Route to open the following screen.
Figure 61 Network Setting > Routing > Static Route
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 Network Setting > Routing > Static Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new static
route
Click this to configure a new static route.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the static route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
route is active. A gray bulb signifies that this route is not active.
Name
This is the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination IP
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number.
Subnet Mask
This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.
Gateway
This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to
their destinations.
Interface
This is the WAN interface used for this static route.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the static route on the VMG.
Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the VMG. A window displays asking you
to confirm that you want to delete the route.
9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route
Use this screen to add or edit a static route. Click Add new static route in the Routing screen or
the Edit icon next to the static route you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 62 Routing: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Routing: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.
Select Enable to activate the static route. Select Disable to deactivate this static route
without having to delete the entry.
Route Name
Enter a descriptive name for the static route.
IP Type
Select whether your IP type is IPv4 or IPv6.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the IPv4 or IPv6 network address of the final destination.
IP Subnet Mask
If you are using IPv4 and need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of
255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to
the host ID. Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Use Gateway IP
Address
The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN
port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
If you want to use the gateway IP address, select Enable.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the gateway.
Use Interface
Select the WAN interface you want to use for this static route.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
9.3 The DNS Route Screen
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the VMG. Click Network Setting > Routing
> DNS Route to open the following screen.
Figure 63 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New DNS
Route
Click this to add a new DNS route.
This is the index number of a DNS route.
Status
This field displays whether the DNS route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
DNS route is active. A gray bulb signifies that this DNS route is not active.
Domain Name
This is the host name or domain name of the DNS route entry.
WAN Interface
This is the WAN connection through which the VMG forwards DNS requests for this domain
name.
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Table 39 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Subnet Mask
This is the subnet mask of the DNS route entry.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the DNS route.
Click the Delete icon to delete the DNS route.
9.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen
You can manually add the VMG’s DNS route entry. Click Add New DNS Route in the Network
Setting > Routing > DNS Route screen. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 64 DNS Route Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 DNS Route Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable this DNS route.
Domain Name
Enter the domain name of the DNS route entry.
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask of the DNS route entry.
WAN Interface
Select the WAN connection through which the VMG forwards DNS requests for this domain
name. WWAN means the wireless 3G interface.
OK
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to exit this screen without saving any changes.
9.4 The Policy Route Screen
Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the VMG takes the shortest path
to forward a packet. Policy route allows the VMG to override the default routing behavior and alter
the packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-based
routing is applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing.
You can use source-based policy forwarding to direct traffic from different users through different
connections or distribute traffic among multiple paths for load sharing.
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The Policy Route screen let you view and configure routing policies on the VMG. Click Network
Setting > Routing > Policy Route to open the following screen.
Figure 65 Network Setting > Routing > Policy Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Network Setting > Routing >Policy Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New Policy
Route
Click this to create a new policy forwarding rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the DNS route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
DNS route is active. A gray bulb signifies that this DNS route is not active.
Name
This is the name of the rule.
Source IP
This is the source IP address.
Source Subnet
Mask
This is the source subnet mask address.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol.
Source Port
This is the source port number.
Source MAC
This is the source MAC address.
Source
Interface
This is the interface from which the matched traffic is sent.
WAN Interface
This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this policy.
Click the Delete icon to remove a policy from the VMG. A window displays asking you to
confirm that you want to delete the policy.
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9.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Route
Click Add New Policy Route in the Policy Route screen or click the Edit icon next to a policy. Use
this screen to configure the required information for a policy route.
Figure 66 Policy Route: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42 Policy Route: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable this policy route.
Route Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 8 printable English keyboard characters, not including
spaces.
Source IP
Address
Enter the source IP address.
Source Subnet
Mask
Enter the source subnet mask address.
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol (TCP or UDP).
Source Port
Enter the source port number.
Source MAC
Enter the source MAC address.
Source
Interface
Type the name of the interface from which the matched traffic is sent.
WAN Interface
Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN
interface(s) already configured in the Broadband screens. WWAN means the wireless 3G
interface.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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9.5 RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP, RFC 1058 and RFC 1389) allows a device to exchange routing
information with other routers.
9.5.1 The RIP Screen
Click Network Setting > Routing > RIP to open the RIP screen.
Figure 67 RIP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 RIP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Interface
This is the name of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Version
The RIP version controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that
the VMG sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP version 1 is universally
supported but RIP version 2 carries more information. RIP version 1 is probably adequate
for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.
Operation
Select Passive to have the VMG update the routing table based on the RIP packets
received from neighbors but not advertise its route information to other routers in this
interface.
Select Active to have the VMG advertise its route information and also listen for routing
updates from neighboring routers.
Enable
Select the check box to activate the settings.
Disable Default
Gateway
Select the check box to set the VMG to not send the route information to the default
gateway.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the VMG.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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10
Quality of Service (QoS)
10.1 Overview
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and
the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is
equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network
performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-ondemand.
Configure QoS on the VMG to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network
performance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:
Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows.
Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow.
The VMG assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned a
high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing
time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those
that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as Voice
over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as Internet
radio or streaming video.
This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the General screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth (Section 10.3
on page 141).
• Use the Queue Setup screen to configure QoS queue assignment (Section 10.4 on page 142).
• Use the Classification Setup screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section 10.5 on page
145).
• Use the Shaper Setup screen to limit outgoing traffic transmission rate on the selected interface
(Section 10.6 on page 149).
• Use the Policer Setup screen to control incoming traffic transmission rate and bursts ( (Section
10.6 on page 149).
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10.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
QoS versus Cos
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given
the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping
similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different
priorities to different packet types.
CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS).
IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocol
and defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header.
Tagging and Marking
In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value,
IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes
through a compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide
specific treatment or service based on the tag or marker.
Traffic Shaping
Bursty traffic may cause network congestion. Traffic shaping regulates packets to be transmitted
with a pre-configured data transmission rate using buffers (or queues). Your VMG uses the Token
Bucket algorithm to allow a certain amount of large bursts while keeping a limit at the average rate.
Traffic Rate
Traffic
Traffic
Traffic Rate
Time
Time
(Before Traffic Shaping)
(After Traffic Shaping)
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Traffic Policing
Traffic policing is the limiting of the input or output transmission rate of a class of traffic on the
basis of user-defined criteria. Traffic policing methods measure traffic flows against user-defined
criteria and identify it as either conforming, exceeding or violating the criteria.
Traffic Rate
Traffic
Traffic
Traffic Rate
Time
Time
(Before Traffic Policing)
(After Traffic Policing)
The VMG supports three incoming traffic metering algorithms: Token Bucket Filter (TBF), Single
Rate Two Color Maker (srTCM), and Two Rate Two Color Marker (trTCM). You can specify actions
which are performed on the colored packets. See Section 10.8 on page 152 for more information on
each metering algorithm.
10.3 The Quality of Service General Screen
Click Network Setting > QoS > General to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth. See Section 10.1 on
page 139 for more information.
Figure 68 Network Settings > QoS > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44 Network Setting > QoS > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
QoS
Select the Enable check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance.
WAN Managed
Upstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interfaces that you want to allocate
using QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interfaces’ actual transmission speed.
For example, set the WAN interfaces’ speed to 100000 kbps if your Internet connection has
an upstream transmission speed of 100 Mbps.
You can set this number higher than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. The VMG
uses up to 95% of the DSL port’s actual upstream transmission speed even if you set this
number higher than the DSL port’s actual transmission speed.
You can also set this number lower than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This will
cause the VMG to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the VMG automatically sets this number to be 95% of the WAN
interfaces’ actual upstream transmission speed.
LAN Managed
Downstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of downstream bandwidth for the LAN interfaces (including WLAN) that
you want to allocate using QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission
speed. For example, set the LAN managed downstream bandwidth to 100000 kbps if you
use a 100 Mbps wired Ethernet WAN connection.
You can also set this number lower than the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This
will cause the VMG to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the VMG automatically sets this to the LAN interfaces’ maximum
supported connection speed.
Upstream
Traffic Priority
Assigned by
Select how the VMG assigns priorities to various upstream traffic flows.
•
•
•
•
None: Disables auto priority mapping and has the VMG put packets into the queues
according to your classification rules. Traffic which does not match any of the
classification rules is mapped into the default queue with the lowest priority.
Ethernet Priority: Automatically assign priority based on the IEEE 802.1p priority level.
IP Precedence: Automatically assign priority based on the first three bits of the TOS
field in the IP header.
Packet Length: Automatically assign priority based on the packet size. Smaller packets
get higher priority since control, signaling, VoIP, internet gaming, or other real-time
packets are usually small while larger packets are usually best effort data packets like
file transfers.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
10.4 The Queue Setup Screen
Click Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.
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Figure 69 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New Queue
Click this button to create a new queue entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the queue is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this queue
is active. A gray bulb signifies that this queue is not active.
Name
This shows the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
This shows the name of the VMG’s interface through which traffic in this queue passes.
Priority
This shows the priority of this queue.
Weight
This shows the weight of this queue.
Buffer
Management
This shows the queue management algorithm used for this queue.
Queue management algorithms determine how the VMG should handle packets when it
receives too many (network congestion).
Rate Limit
This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the queue.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by
one when you take this action.
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10.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue
Click Add New Queue or the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue.
Figure 70 Queue Setup: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Queue Setup: Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable this queue.
Name
Enter the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
Select the interface to which this queue is applied.
This field is read-only if you are editing the queue.
Priority
Select the priority level (from 1 to 7) of this queue.
The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority
queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is
congested.
Weight
Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue.
If two queues have the same priority level, the VMG divides the bandwidth across the
queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more bandwidth than
queues with smaller weights.
Buffer
Management
This field displays Drop Tail (DT). Drop Tail (DT) is a simple queue management
algorithm that allows the VMG buffer to accept as many packets as it can until it is full. Once
the buffer is full, new packets that arrive are dropped until there is space in the buffer again
(packets are transmitted out of it).
Rate Limit
Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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10.5 The Classification Setup Screen
Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows
according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number,
destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select
traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
You can give different priorities to traffic that the VMG forwards out through the WAN interface.
Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority
to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications.
Click Network Setting > QoS > Classification Setup to open the following screen.
Figure 71 Network Setting > QoS > Classification Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 Network Setting > QoS > Classification Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New
Classification
Click this to create a new classifier.
Order
This is the index number of the entry. The classifiers are applied in order of their
numbering.
Status
This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.
Class Name
This is the name of the classifier.
Classification
Criteria
This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which traffic
of this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this
classifier.
DSCP Mark
This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.
802.1P Mark
This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier.
VLAN ID Tag
This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.
To Queue
This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up
by one when you take this action.
10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class
Click Add New Classification in the Classification Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a
classifier to open the following screen.
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Figure 72 Classification Setup: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Classification Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Step1: Class Configuration
Active
Select to enable or disable this classifier.
Class Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 15 printable English keyboard characters, not including
spaces.
Classification
Order
Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to
the number you selected after clicking Apply.
Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.
Step2: Criteria Configuration
From Interface
If you want to classify the traffic by an ingress interface, select an interface from the From
Interface drop-down list box.
Ether Type
Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.
If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address,
DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select 802.1Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level.
Source
Address
Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet
Mask
Enter the source subnet mask.
Port Range
If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port
number(s) of the source.
MAC
Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of
any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Destination
Address
Select the check box and enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. A
blank source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet
Mask
Enter the destination subnet mask.
Port Range
If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port
number(s) of the destination.
MAC
Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified destination MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of
any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
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Table 48 Classification Setup: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Others
Service
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
This field simplifies classifier configuration by allowing you to select a predefined
application. When you select a predefined application, you do not configure the rest of the
filter fields.
IP Protocol
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP, UDP, ICMP or IGMP. If
you select User defined, enter the protocol (service type) number.
DHCP
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select a DHCP option.
If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Vendor Class Identifier
(Option 60) of the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
If you select Client ID (DHCP Option 61), enter the Identity Association IDentifier (IAD
Option 61) of the matched traffic, such as the MAC address of the device.
If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter a string that identifies the user’s
category or application type in the matched DHCP packets.
If you select Vendor Specific Info (DHCP Option 125), enter the vendor specific
information of the matched traffic, such as the product class, model name, and serial
number of the device.
Packet
Length
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
DSCP
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1500) in
the fields provided.
Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the
field provided.
802.1P
This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop-down list box.
"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.
VLAN ID
This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number.
TCP ACK
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge)
flag.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Step3: Packet Modification
DSCP Mark
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select Remark, enter a DSCP value with which the VMG replaces the DSCP field in
the packets.
If you select Unchange, the VMG keep the DSCP field in the packets.
802.1P Mark
Select a priority level with which the VMG replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the
packets.
If you select Unchange, the VMG keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets.
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Table 48 Classification Setup: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
VLAN ID Tag
If you select Remark, enter a VLAN ID number with which the VMG replaces the VLAN ID of
the frames.
If you select Remove, the VMG deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before forwarding them
out.
If you select Add, the VMG treat all matched traffic untagged and add a second VLAN ID.
If you select Unchange, the VMG keep the VLAN ID in the packets.
Step4: Class Routing
Forward to
Interface
Select a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be forwarded out. If you select
Unchange, the VMG forward traffic of this class according to the default routing table.
Step5: Outgoing Queue Selection
To Queue Index
Select a queue that applies to this class.
You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
10.6 The QoS Shaper Setup Screen
This screen shows that you can use the token bucket algorithm to allow a certain amount of large
bursts while keeping a limit for processing outgoing traffic at the average rate. Click Network
Setting > QoS > Shaper Setup. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 73 Network Setting > QoS > Shaper Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Network Setting > QoS > Shaper Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New
Shaper
Click this to create a new entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the shaper is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
policer is active. A gray bulb signifies that this shaper is not active.
Outgoing
Interface
This shows the name of the VMG's interface through which traffic in this shaper applies.
Rate Limit
(kbps)
This shows the average rate limit of traffic bursts for this shaper.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the shaper.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing shaper. Note that subsequent rules move up by
one when you take this action.
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10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Shaper
Click Add New Shaper in the Shaper Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a shaper to show the
following screen.
Figure 74 Shaper Setup: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 Shaper Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable this shaper.
Interface
Select the VMG's interface through which traffic in this shaper applies.
Rate Limit
Enter the average rate limit of traffic bursts for this shaper.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
10.7 The QoS Policer Setup Screen
Use this screen to view QoS policers that allow you to limit the transmission rate of incoming traffic
and apply actions, such as drop, pass, or modify the DSCP value for matched traffic. Click Network
Setting > QoS > Policer Setup. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 75 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New
Policer
Click this to create a new entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
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Table 51 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Status
This field displays whether the policer is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
policer is active. A gray bulb signifies that this policer is not active.
Name
This field displays the descriptive name of this policer.
Regulated
Classes
This field displays the name of a QoS classifier
Meter Type
This field displays the type of QoS metering algorithm used in this policer.
Rule
These are the rates and burst sizes against which the policer checks the traffic of the
member QoS classes.
Action
This shows the how the policer has the VMG treat different types of traffic belonging to the
policer’s member QoS classes.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the policer.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing policer. Note that subsequent rules move up by
one when you take this action.
10.7.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer
Click Add New Policer in the Policer Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a policer to show the
following screen.
Figure 76 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select enable or disable this policer.
Name
Enter the descriptive name of this policer.
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Table 52 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Meter Type
This shows the traffic metering algorithm used in this policer.
The Simple Token Bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be
transmitted. Each token represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b bytes
which is also the bucket size.
The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and
identifies packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR), the
Committed Burst Size (CBS) and the Excess Burst Size (EBS).
The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and
identifies packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the
Peak Information Rate (PIR).
Committed
Rate
Specify the committed rate. When the incoming traffic rate of the member QoS classes is
less than the committed rate, the device applies the conforming action to the traffic.
Committed
Burst Size
Specify the committed burst size for packet bursts. This must be equal to or less than the
peak burst size (two rate three color) or excess burst size (single rate three color) if it is also
configured.
This is the maximum size of the (first) token bucket in a traffic metering algorithm.
Conforming
Action
Specify what the VMG does for packets within the committed rate and burst size (greenmarked packets).
•
•
Pass: Send the packets without modification.
DSCP Mark: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value to
use.
NonConforming
Action
Specify what the VMG does for packets that exceed the excess burst size or peak rate and
burst size (red-marked packets).
Available Class
Select a QoS classifier to apply this QoS policer to traffic that matches the QoS classifier.
Selected Class
Highlight a QoS classifier in the Available Class box and use the > button to move it to the
Selected Class box.
•
•
Drop: Discard the packets.
DSCP Mark: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value to
use. The packets may be dropped if there is congestion on the network.
To remove a QoS classifier from the Selected Class box, select it and use the < button.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
10.8 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the VMG features described in
this chapter.
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user
priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that
devices need to process the frame across the network.
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IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The
following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates
the 802.1p).
Table 53 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type
PRIORITY
LEVEL
TRAFFIC TYPE
Level 7
Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6
Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in
delay).
Level 5
Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4
Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network
Architecture) transactions.
Level 3
Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important
business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2
This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1
This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed
but that should not affect other applications and users.
Level 0
Typically used for best-effort traffic.
DiffServ
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the
same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet
types.
DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they
receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on
the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs)
indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network
devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to
negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have
to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.
DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field
in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define
up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field.
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ
compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.
DSCP (6 bits)
Unused (2 bits)
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet
gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be
marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP
values and the configured policies.
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IP Precedence
Similar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a
layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP
header. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is
the lowest priority level and seven is the highest.
Automatic Priority Queue Assignment
If you enable QoS on the VMG, the VMG can automatically base on the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP
precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which does not match a class.
The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the VMG. On the
VMG, traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index
queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Table 54 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
LAYER 2
LAYER 3
PRIORITY
QUEUE
IEEE 802.1P USER
PRIORITY
(ETHERNET
PRIORITY)
TOS (IP
PRECEDENCE)
DSCP
000000
000000
>1100
001110
250~1100
IP PACKET
LENGTH (BYTE)
001100
001010
001000
010110
010100
010010
010000
011110
011100
011010
011000
100110
100100
100010
100000
101110
101000
110000
111000
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Token Bucket
The token bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be transmitted. The
bucket stores tokens, each of which represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b
bytes which is also the bucket size, so the bucket can hold up to b tokens. Tokens are generated
and added into the bucket at a constant rate. The following shows how tokens work with packets:
• A packet can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the bucket is equal to or greater than the
size of the packet (in bytes).
• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed
from the bucket.
• If there are no tokens in the bucket, the VMG stops transmitting until enough tokens are
generated.
• If not enough tokens are available, the VMG treats the packet in either one of the following ways:
In traffic shaping:
• Holds it in the queue until enough tokens are available in the bucket.
In traffic policing:
• Drops it.
• Transmits it but adds a DSCP mark. The VMG may drop these marked packets if the network is
overloaded.
Configure the bucket size to be equal to or less than the amount of the bandwidth that the interface
can support. It does not help if you set it to a bucket size over the interface’s capability. The smaller
the bucket size, the lower the data transmission rate and that may cause outgoing packets to be
dropped. A larger transmission rate requires a big bucket size. For example, use a bucket size of 10
kbytes to get the transmission rate up to 10 Mbps.
Single Rate Three Color Marker
The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM, defined in RFC 2697) is a type of traffic policing that
identifies packets by comparing them to one user-defined rate, the Committed Information Rate
(CIR), and two burst sizes: the Committed Burst Size (CBS) and Excess Burst Size (EBS).
The srTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to
packet loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to
as yellow and low is referred to as green.
The srTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (CBS and EBS). Tokens
are generated and added into the bucket at a constant rate, called Committed Information Rate
(CIR). When the first bucket (CBS) is full, new tokens overflow into the second bucket (EBS).
All packets are evaluated against the CBS. If a packet does not exceed the CBS it is marked green.
Otherwise it is evaluated against the EBS. If it is below the EBS then it is marked yellow. If it
exceeds the EBS then it is marked red.
The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in srTCM:
• A packet arrives. The packet is marked green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in
the CBS bucket is equal to or greater than the size of the packet (in bytes).
• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed
from the CBS bucket.
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• If there are not enough tokens in the CBS bucket, the VMG checks the EBS bucket. The packet is
marked yellow if there are sufficient tokens in the EBS bucket. Otherwise, the packet is marked
red. No tokens are removed if the packet is dropped.
Two Rate Three Color Marker
The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that
identifies packets by comparing them to two user-defined rates: the Committed Information Rate
(CIR) and the Peak Information Rate (PIR). The CIR specifies the average rate at which packets are
admitted to the network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based
on the guaranteed and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service provider
and client.
The trTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to
packet loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to
as yellow and low is referred to as green.
The trTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (Committed Burst Size
(CBS) and Peak Burst Size (PBS)). Tokens are generated and added into the two buckets at the CIR
and PIR respectively.
All packets are evaluated against the PIR. If a packet exceeds the PIR it is marked red. Otherwise it
is evaluated against the CIR. If it exceeds the CIR then it is marked yellow. Finally, if it is below the
CIR then it is marked green.
The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in trTCM:
• A packet arrives. If the number of tokens in the PBS bucket is less than the size of the packet (in
bytes), the packet is marked red and may be dropped regardless of the CBS bucket. No tokens
are removed if the packet is dropped.
• If the PBS bucket has enough tokens, the VMG checks the CBS bucket. The packet is marked
green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the CBS bucket is equal to or greater
than the size of the packet (in bytes). Otherwise, the packet is marked yellow.
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Network Address Translation (NAT)
11.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the VMG. NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT,
RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address
of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another
network.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the Port Forwarding screen to configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s)
on your local network (Section 11.2 on page 158).
• Use the Applications screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local
network (Section 11.3 on page 161).
• Use the Port Triggering screen to add and configure the VMG’s trigger port settings (Section
11.4 on page 162).
• Use the DMZ screen to configure a default server (Section 11.5 on page 165).
• Use the ALG screen to enable and disable the NAT and SIP (VoIP) ALG in the VMG (Section 11.6
on page 166).
• Use the Address Mapping screen to configure the VMG's address mapping settings (Section
11.7 on page 166).
• Use the Sessions screen to configure the VMG's maximum number of NAT sessions (Section
11.8 on page 168).
11.1.2 What You Need To Know
Inside/Outside
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the VMG, for example, the computers of
your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/Local
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for
example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local
network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is
traveling in the WAN side.
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NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
Port Forwarding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP,
that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network
appear as a single computer to the outside world.
Finding Out More
See Section 11.9 on page 169 for advanced technical information on NAT.
11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen
Use the Port Forwarding screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your
local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on
port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can
support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to
specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or
a range of ports.
The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix D on page 288. Please refer
to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example),
port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a
third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address.
The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.
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Figure 77 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
WAN
LAN
B=192.168.1.34
192.168.1.1
IP Address assigned by ISP
C=192.168.1.3
D=192.168.1.36
Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen.
See Appendix D on page 288 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Figure 78 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 55 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New Rule
Click this to add a new rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the NAT rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this rule
is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
Service Name
This shows the service’s name.
WAN Interface
This shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
WAN IP
This field displays the incoming packet’s destination IP address.
Server IP
Address
This is the server’s IP address.
Start Port
This is the first external port number that identifies a service.
End Port
This is the last external port number that identifies a service.
Translation
Start Port
This is the first internal port number that identifies a service.
Translation End
Port
This is the last internal port number that identifies a service.
Protocol
This shows the IP protocol supported by this virtual server, whether it is TCP, UDP, or TCP/
UDP.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
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11.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding
Click Add New Rule in the Port Forwarding screen or click the Edit icon next to an existing rule
to open the following screen.
Figure 79 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable the rule.
Service Name
Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
WAN Interface
Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
You must have already configured a WAN connection with NAT enabled.
Start Port
Enter the original destination port for the packets.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Port field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in
the End Port field.
End Port
Enter the last port of the original destination port range.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the Start Port field above and then
enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port
number in the Start Port field above.
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Table 56 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Translation
Start Port
This shows the port number to which you want the VMG to translate the incoming port. For
a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming ports
translated.
Translation End
Port
This shows the last port of the translated port range.
Server IP
Address
Enter the inside IP address of the virtual server here.
Protocol
Select the protocol supported by this virtual server. Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Wake up this
target by Wake
On Lan(WOL)
Select this to turn on the virtual server remotely.
MAC address of
WOL device
Enter the MAC address of the device to turn it on.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
11.3 The Applications Screen
This screen provides a summary of all NAT applications and their configuration. In addition, this
screen allows you to create new applications and/or remove existing ones.
To access this screen, click Network Setting > NAT > Applications. The following screen
appears.
Figure 80 Network Setting > NAT > Applications
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 57 Network Setting > NAT > Applications
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New
Application
Click this to add a new NAT application rule.
Application
Forwarded
This field shows the type of application that the service forwards.
WAN Interface
This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Server IP
Address
This field displays the destination IP address for the service.
Modify
Click the Delete icon to delete the rule.
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11.3.1 Add New Application
This screen lets you create new NAT application rules. Click Add New Application in the
Applications screen to open the following screen.
Figure 81 Applications: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58 Applications: Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAN Interface
Select the WAN interface that you want to apply this NAT rule to.
Server IP
Address
Enter the inside IP address of the application here.
Application
Category
Select the category of the application from the drop-down list box.
Application
Forwarded
Select a service from the drop-down list box and the VMG automatically configures the
protocol, start, end, and map port number that define the service.
View Rules
Click this to display the configuration of the service that you have chosen in Application
Fowarded.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
11.4 The Port Triggering Screen
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on
the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service
(coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN).
The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to
use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN
computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take
turns using the service. The VMG records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the
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WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the
VMG's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("open" port), the
VMG forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that
computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in
the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a
different LAN computer to use the application.
For example:
Figure 82 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the VMG to record Jane’s computer IP address. The VMG
associates Jane's computer IP address with the "open" port range of 6970-7170.
The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
The VMG forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The VMG
times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering to open the following screen. Use this screen to
view your VMG’s trigger port settings.
Figure 83 Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New Rule
Click this to create a new rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the port triggering rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies
that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
Service Name
This field displays the name of the service used by this rule.
WAN Interface
This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
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Table 59 Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Trigger Start
Port
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the VMG to record
the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Trigger End
Port
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Trigger Proto.
This is the trigger transport layer protocol.
Open Start Port
The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends
out a particular service. The VMG forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the
client computer on the LAN that requested the service.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Open End Port
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Open Proto.
This is the open transport layer protocol.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
11.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule
This screen lets you create new port triggering rules. Click Add new rule in the Port Triggering
screen or click a rule’s Edit icon to open the following screen.
Figure 84 Port Triggering: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 Port Triggering: Configuration Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable this rule.
Service Name
Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
WAN Interface
Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port triggering rules.
Trigger Start
Port
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the VMG to record
the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
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Table 60 Port Triggering: Configuration Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Trigger End
Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol from TCP or UDP.
Open Start Port
The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends
out a particular service. The VMG forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the
client computer on the LAN that requested the service.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Open End Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Open Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol from TCP or UDP.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
11.5 The DMZ Screen
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default
server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding Setup
screen.
Figure 85 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 61 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Default Server
Address
Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from ports that are not
specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server Address, the VMG discards all packets received
for ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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11.6 The ALG Screen
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls
to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream.
When the VMG registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the VMG’s private IP
address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use STUN or an
outbound proxy if your VMG is behind a SIP ALG.
Use this screen to enable and disable the ALGs in the VMG. To access this screen, click Network
Setting > NAT > ALG.
Figure 86 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 62 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
NAT ALG
Enable this to make sure applications such as FTP and file transfer in IM applications work
correctly with port-forwarding and address-mapping rules.
SIP ALG
Enable this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with port-forwarding and addressmapping rules.
RTSP ALG
Enable this to have the VMG detect RTSP traffic and help build RTSP sessions through its
NAT. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for
multimedia on the Internet.
PPTP ALG
Enable this to turn on the PPTP ALG on the VMG to detect PPTP traffic and help build PPTP
sessions through the VMG’s NAT.
IPSEC ALG
Enable this to turn on the IPsec ALG on the VMG to detect IPsec traffic and help build IPsec
sessions through the VMG’s NAT.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
11.7 The Address Mapping Screen
Ordering your rules is important because the VMG applies the rules in the order that you specify.
When a rule matches the current packet, the VMG takes the corresponding action and the
remaining rules are ignored.
Click Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping to display the following screen.
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Figure 87 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 63 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new rule
Click this to create a new rule.
Rule Name
This is the name of the rule.
Local Start IP
This is the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP
This is the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then
this field displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local
End IP address. This field is blank for One-to-One mapping types.
Global Start IP
This is the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic
IP address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Many-to-One mapping type.
Global End IP
This is the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for One-to-One and
Many-to-One mapping types.
Type
This is the address mapping type.
One-to-One: This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Many-to-One: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the VMG's Single User Account
feature that previous routers supported only.
Many-to-Many: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
Wan Interface
This is the WAN interface to which the address mapping rule applies.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the address mapping rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing address mapping rule. Note that subsequent
address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
11.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule
To add or edit an address mapping rule, click Add new rule or the rule’s edit icon in the Address
Mapping screen to display the screen shown next.
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Figure 88 Address Mapping: Add/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 64 Address Mapping: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rule Name
Type up to 20 alphanumberic characters for the name of this rule.
Type
Choose the IP/port mapping type from one of the following.
One-to-One: This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Many-to-One: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the VMG's Single User Account
feature that previous routers supported only.
Many-to-Many: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
Local Start IP
Enter the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP
Enter the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then
this field displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local
End IP address. This field is blank for One-to-One mapping types.
Global Start IP
Enter the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic
IP address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Many-to-One mapping type.
Global End IP
Enter the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for One-to-One and
Many-to-One mapping types.
WAN Interface
Select a WAN interface to which the address mapping rule applies.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
11.8 The Sessions Screen
Use this screen to limit the number of concurrent NAT sessions a client can use. Click Network
Setting > NAT > Sessions to display the following screen.
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Figure 89 Network Setting > NAT > Sessions
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 65 Network Setting > NAT > Sessions
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MAX NAT
Session Per
Host
Use this field to set a limit to the number of concurrent NAT sessions each client host can
have.
If only a few clients use peer to peer applications, you can raise this number to improve
their performance. With heavy peer-to-peer application use, lower this number to ensure no
single client uses too many of the available NAT sessions.
Apply
Click this to save your changes on this screen.
Cancel
Click this to exit this screen without saving any changes.
11.9 Technical Reference
This part contains more information regarding NAT.
11.9.1 NAT Definitions
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the VMG, for example, the computers of
your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for
example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local
network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is
traveling in the WAN side.
Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address
of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in
a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP
address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table
summarizes this information.
Table 66 NAT Definitions
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Inside
This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside
This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the
LAN.
Global
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the
WAN.
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NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
11.9.2 What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note
that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP.
In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Manyto-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall
protection. With no servers defined, your VMG filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing
intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC
1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
11.9.3 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global
Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination
address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local)
IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It
replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and
Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The
VMG keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have
their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 90 How NAT Works
NAT Table
LAN
Inside Local
IP Address
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.12
SA
SA
192.168.1.10
IGA1
Inside Local
Address (ILA)
192.168.1.11
Inside Global
IP Address
IGA 1
IGA 2
IGA 3
IGA 4
WAN
Inside Global
Address (IGA)
192.168.1.10
11.9.4 NAT Application
The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs
using IP alias) behind the VMG can communicate with three distinct WAN networks.
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Figure 91 NAT Application With IP Alias
Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers
The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for
further information about port numbers. Please also refer to the Supporting CD for more examples
and details on port forwarding and NAT.
Table 67 Services and Port Numbers
SERVICES
PORT NUMBER
ECHO
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
21
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
25
DNS (Domain Name System)
53
Finger
79
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web)
80
POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
110
NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol)
119
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
161
SNMP trap
162
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
1723
Port Forwarding Example
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example),
port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a
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third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address.
The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 92 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
192.168.1.1
B=192.168.1.34
IP address assigned by ISP
C=192.168.1.35
D=192.168.1.36
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Dynamic DNS Setup
12.1 Overview
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and
vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP
address of a machine before you can access it.
In addition to the system DNS server(s), each WAN interface (service) is set to have its own static
or dynamic DNS server list. You can configure a DNS static route to forward DNS queries for certain
domain names through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s). The VMG uses a system DNS
server (in the order you specify in the Broadband screen) to resolve domain names that do not
match any DNS routing entry. After the VMG receives a DNS reply from a DNS server, it creates a
new entry for the resolved IP address in the routing table.
Dynamic DNS
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic
DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access
your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance
myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an
IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for
people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name.
The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the DNS Entry screen to view, configure, or remove DNS routes (Section 12.2 on page
174).
• Use the Dynamic DNS screen to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the VMG
(Section 12.3 on page 175).
12.1.2 What You Need To Know
DYNDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same
IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example,
www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.
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If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
12.2 The DNS Entry Screen
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the VMG. Click Network Setting > DNS to
open the DNS Entry screen.
Figure 93 Network Setting > DNS > DNS Entry
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 68 Network Setting > DNS > DNS Entry
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New DNS
Entry
Click this to create a new DNS entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Hostname
This indicates the host name or domain name.
IP Address
This indicates the IP address assigned to this computer.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
12.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry
You can manually add or edit the VMG’s DNS name and IP address entry. Click Add New DNS
Entry in the DNS Entry screen or the Edit icon next to the entry you want to edit. The screen
shown next appears.
Figure 94 DNS Entry: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 69 DNS Entry: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Host Name
Enter the host name of the DNS entry.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the DNS entry.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
12.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen
Use this screen to change your VMG’s DDNS. Click Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS. The
screen appears as shown.
Figure 95 Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 70 Network Setting > DNS > > Dynamic DNS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Dynamic DNS Setup
Dynamic DNS
Select Enable to use dynamic DNS.
Service Provider
Select your Dynamic DNS service provider from the drop-down list box.
Host Name
Type the domain name assigned to your VMG by your Dynamic DNS provider.
You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").
Username
Type your user name.
Password
Type the password assigned to you.
Dynamic DNS Status
User
Authentication
Result
This shows Success if the account is correctly set up with the Dynamic DNS provider
account.
Last Updated
Time
This shows the last time the IP address the Dynamic DNS provider has associated with
the hostname was updated.
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Table 70 Network Setting > DNS > > Dynamic DNS (continued)
LABEL
Current Dynamic
IP
DESCRIPTION
This shows the IP address your Dynamic DNS provider has currently associated with
the hostname.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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VLAN Group
13.1 Overview
Virtual LAN IDs are used to identify different traffic types over the same physical link.
In the following example, the VMG (DSL) can use VLAN IDs (VID) 100 and 200 to identify Video-onDemand and IPTV traffic respectively coming from the two VoD and IPTV multicast servers. The
VMG (DSL) can also tag outgoing requests to these servers with these VLAN IDs.
Figure 96 VLAN Group Example
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
Use these screens to group separate VLAN groups together to be treated as one VLAN group.
13.2 The VLAN Group Screen
Click Network Setting > Vlan Group to open the following screen.
Figure 97 Network Setting > Vlan Group
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 71 Network Setting > Vlan Group
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New VLAN
Group
Click this button to create a new VLAN group.
This is the index number of the VLAN group.
Group Name
This shows the descriptive name of the VLAN group.
VLAN ID
This shows the unique ID number that identifies the VLAN group.
Interfaces
This shows the LAN ports included in the VLAN group and if traffic leaving the port will be
tagged with the VLAN ID.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to change an existing VLAN group setting or click the Delete icon to
remove the VLAN group.
13.2.1 Add/Edit a VLAN Group
Click the Add New VLAN Group button in the Vlan Group screen to open the following screen.
Use this screen to create a new VLAN group.
Figure 98 Add/Edit VLAN Group
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 72 Add/Edit VLAN Group
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
VLAN Group
Name
Enter a name to identify this group. You can enter up to 30 characters. You can use letters,
numbers, hyphens (-) and underscores (_). Spaces are not allowed.
VLAN ID
Enter a unique ID number, from 1 to 4,094, to identify this VLAN group. Outgoing traffic is
tagged with this ID if Tx Tagging is selected below.
LAN
Select Include to add the associated LAN interface to this VLAN group.
Select Tx Tagging to tag outgoing traffic from the associated LAN port with the VLAN ID
number entered above.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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Interface Grouping
14.1 Overview
By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the VMG are in the same group and can communicate
with each other. Create interface groups to have the VMG assign the IP addresses in different
domains to different groups. Each group acts as an independent network on the VMG. This lets
devices connected to an interface group’s LAN interfaces communicate through the interface
group’s WAN or LAN interfaces but not other WAN or LAN interfaces.
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Interface Grouping screens let you create multiple networks on the VMG (Section 14.2 on
page 179).
14.2 The Interface Group Screen
You can manually add a LAN interface to a new group. Alternatively, you can have the VMG
automatically add the incoming traffic and the LAN interface on which traffic is received to an
interface group when its DHCP Vendor ID option information matches one listed for the interface
group.
Use the LAN screen to configure the private IP addresses the DHCP server on the VMG assigns to
the clients in the default and/or user-defined groups. If you set the VMG to assign IP addresses
based on the client’s DHCP Vendor ID option information, you must enable DHCP server and
configure LAN TCP/IP settings for both the default and user-defined groups. See Chapter 8 on page
116 for more information.
In the following example, the client that sends packets with the DHCP Vendor ID option set to MSFT
5.0 (meaning it is a Windows 2000 DHCP client) is assigned the IP address 192.168.2.2 and uses
the WAN VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1 interface.
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Figure 99 Interface Grouping Application
Default: ETH 2~4
192.168.1.x/24
eth10.0
VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1
192.168.2.x/24
DHCP Vendor ID option: MSFT 5.0
Click Network Setting > Interface Grouping to open the following screen.
Figure 100 Network Setting > Interface Grouping
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 73 Network Setting > Interface Grouping
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New
Interface Group
Click this button to create a new interface group.
Group Name
This shows the descriptive name of the group.
WAN Interface
This shows the WAN interfaces in the group.
LAN Interfaces
This shows the LAN interfaces in the group.
Criteria
This shows the filtering criteria for the group.
Modify
Click the Delete icon to remove the group.
14.2.1 Interface Group Configuration
Click the Add New Interface Group button in the Interface Grouping screen to open the
following screen. Use this screen to create a new interface group.
Note: An interface can belong to only one group at a time.
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Figure 101 Interface Group Configuration
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 74 Interface Group Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Group Name
Enter a name to identify this group. You can enter up to 30 characters. You can use letters,
numbers, hyphens (-) and underscores (_). Spaces are not allowed.
WAN Interface
used in the
grouping
Select the WAN interface this group uses. The group can have up to one PTM interface, up to
one ATM interface, up to one ETH interface, and up to one WWAN interface.
Available LAN
Interfaces
Select one or more LAN interfaces (Ethernet LAN, HPNA or wireless LAN) in the Available
LAN Interfaces list on the right side and use the left arrow to move them to the Available
LAN Interfaces list on the left side to add the interfaces to this group.
To remove a LAN or wireless LAN interface from the Available LAN Interfaces on the left
side, use the right-facing arrow.
Automatically
Add Clients
With the
following DHCP
Vendor IDs
Click Add to identify LAN hosts to add to the interface group by criteria such as the type of
the hardware or firmware. See Section 14.2.2 on page 182 for more information.
This shows the index number of the rule.
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Table 74 Interface Group Configuration (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Filter Criteria
This shows the filtering criteria. The LAN interface on which the matched traffic is received
will belong to this group automatically.
WildCard
Support
This shows if wildcard on DHCP option 60 is enabled.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to change the group setting
Click the Delete icon to delete this group from the VMG.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
14.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria
Click the Add button in the Interface Grouping Configuration screen to open the following
screen.
Figure 102 Interface Grouping Criteria
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 75 Interface Grouping Criteria
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Source MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
DHCP Option
60
Select this option and enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic,
such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
Enable
wildcard
DHCP Option
61
Select this option to be able to use wildcards in the Vendor Class Identifier configured for
DHCP option 60.
Select this and enter the device identity of the matched traffic.
Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for example, the WAN
connection index number.
DHCP Option
125
Select this and enter vendor specific information of the matched traffic.
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Table 75 Interface Grouping Criteria (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enterprise
Number
Enter the vendor’s 32-bit enterprise number registered with the IANA (Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority).
Manufactur
er OUI
Specify the vendor’s OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually the first three bytes
of the MAC address.
Serial
Number
Enter the serial number of the device.
Product
Class
Enter the product class of the device.
VLAN Group
Select this and the VLAN group of the matched traffic from the drop-down list box.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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USB Service
15.1 Overview
You can share files on a USB memory stick or hard drive connected to your VMG with users on your
network.
The following figure is an overview of the VMG’s file server feature. Computers A and B can access
files on a USB device (C) which is connected to the VMG.
Figure 103 File Sharing Overview
The VMG will not be able to join the workgroup if your local area network has restrictions set
up that do not allow devices to join a workgroup. In this case, contact your network
administrator.
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the File Sharing screen to enable file-sharing server (Section 15.1.3 on page 185).
• Use the Media Server screen to enable or disable the sharing of media files (Section 15.3 on
page 187).
15.1.2 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
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15.1.2.1 About File Sharing
Workgroup name
This is the name given to a set of computers that are connected on a network and share resources
such as a printer or files. Windows automatically assigns the workgroup name when you set up a
network.
Shares
When settings are set to default, each USB device connected to the VMG is given a folder, called a
“share”. If a USB hard drive connected to the VMG has more than one partition, then each partition
will be allocated a share. You can also configure a “share” to be a sub-folder or file on the USB
device.
File Systems
A file system is a way of storing and organizing files on your hard drive and storage device. Often
different operating systems such as Windows or Linux have different file systems. The file sharing
feature on your VMG supports File Allocation Table (FAT) and FAT32.
Common Internet File System
The VMG uses Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocol for its file sharing functions. CIFS
compatible computers can access the USB file storage devices connected to the VMG. CIFS protocol
is supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux Samba and other operating systems (refer to your
systems specifications for CIFS compatibility).
15.1.3 Before You Begin
Make sure the VMG is connected to your network and turned on.
Connect the USB device to one of the VMG’s USB port. Make sure the VMG is connected to your
network.
The VMG detects the USB device and makes its contents available for browsing. If you are
connecting a USB hard drive that comes with an external power supply, make sure it is connected
to an appropriate power source that is on.
Note: If your USB device cannot be detected by the VMG, see the troubleshooting for
suggestions.
15.2 The File Sharing Screen
Use this screen to set up file sharing through the VMG. The VMG’s LAN users can access the shared
folder (or share) from the USB device inserted in the VMG. To access this screen, click Network
Setting > USB Service > File Sharing.
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Chapter 15 USB Service
Figure 104 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 76 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Information
Volume
This is the volume name the VMG gives to an inserted USB device.
Capacity
This is the total available memory size (in megabytes) on the USB device.
Used Space
This is the memory size (in megabytes) already used on the USB device.
Server Configuration
File Sharing
Services
Select Enable to activate file sharing through the VMG.
Account Management
Add New User
Click this button to create a user account to access the secured shares.
Active
Select this to allow the user to access the secured shares.
Status
This field shows the status of the user.
: The user account is not activated for the share.
: The user account is activated for the share.
User Name
This is the name of a user who is allowed to access the secured shares on the USB device.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the user account.
Click the Delete icon to remove the user account from the VMG.
Apply
Click this to save your changes to the VMG.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
15.2.1 The Add New User Screen
Use this screen to create a user account that can access the secured shares on the USB device. To
access this screen, click the Add New User button in the Network Setting > USB Service > File
Sharing screen.
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Chapter 15 USB Service
Figure 105 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing > Add new user
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 77 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing > Add new user
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
User Name
Enter a user name. You can enter up to 16 characters. Only letters and numbers allowed.
New Password
Enter the password used to access the secured share. The password must be 5 to 15
characters long. Only letters and numbers are allowed. The password is case sensitive.
Retype New
Password
Retype the password that you entered above.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the VMG.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
15.3 The Media Server Screen
The media server feature lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from the USB
storage device connected to your VMG (without having to copy them to another computer). The
VMG can function as a DLNA-compliant media server. The VMG streams files to DLNA-compliant
media clients (like Windows Media Player). The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a group of
personal computer and electronics companies that works to make products compatible in a home
network.
The VMG media server enables you to:
• Publish all shares for everyone to play media files in the USB storage device connected to the
VMG.
• Use hardware-based media clients like the DMA-2500 to play the files.
Note: Anyone on your network can play the media files in the published shares. No user
name and password or other form of security is used. The media server is enabled
by default with the video, photo, and music shares published.
To change your VMG’s media server settings, click Network Setting > USB Service > Media
Server. The screen appears as shown.
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Chapter 15 USB Service
Figure 106 Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 78 Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Media Server
Select Enable to have the VMG function as a DLNA-compliant media server.
Enable the media server to let (DLNA-compliant) media clients on your network play media
files located in the shares.
Interface
Select an interface on which you want to enable the media server function.
Media Library
Path
Enter the path clients use to access the media files on a USB storage device connected to
the VMG.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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16
Firewall
16.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the VMG’s security settings. Use the firewall to
protect your VMG and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to it. By
default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant
Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2).
However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 107 Default Firewall Action
WAN
LAN
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the General screen to configure the security level of the firewall on the VMG (Section 16.2
on page 190).
• Use the Protocol screen to add or remove predefined Internet services and configure firewall
rules (Section 16.3 on page 191).
• Use the Access Control screen to view and configure incoming/outgoing filtering rules (Section
16.4 on page 193).
• Use the DoS screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks (Section 16.5
on page 195).
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Chapter 16 Firewall
16.1.2 What You Need to Know
SYN Attack
A SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the
targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that
follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYNACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer terminates
the three-way handshake. Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests,
making the system unavailable for legitimate users.
DoS
Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the
Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer
have access to network resources. The VMG is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all
known DoS attacks.
DDoS
A DDoS attack is one in which multiple compromised systems attack a single target, thereby
causing denial of service for users of the targeted system.
LAND Attack
In a LAND attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of
the target system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making
the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.
Ping of Death
Ping of Death uses a "ping" utility to create and send an IP packet that exceeds the maximum
65,536 bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. This may cause systems to crash, hang or
reboot.
SPI
Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) tracks each connection crossing the firewall and makes sure it is
valid. Filtering decisions are based not only on rules but also context. For example, traffic from the
WAN may only be allowed to cross the firewall in response to a request from the LAN.
16.2 The Firewall Screen
Use this screen to set the security level of the firewall on the VMG. Firewall rules are grouped based
on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply.
Click Security > Firewall to display the General screen.
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Chapter 16 Firewall
Figure 108 Security > Firewall > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 79 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Firewall
Select Enable to activate the firewall feature on the VMG.
Easy
Select Easy to allow LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Medium
Select Medium to allow LAN to WAN but deny WAN to LAN packet directions.
High
Select High to deny LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
16.3 The Protocol Screen
You can configure customized services and port numbers in the Protocol screen. For a
comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number
Authority) website. See Appendix D on page 288 for some examples.
Click Security > Firewall > Protocol to display the following screen.
Figure 109 Security > Firewall > Protocol
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Chapter 16 Firewall
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 80 Security > Firewall > Protocol
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New
Protocol Entry
Click this to add a new service.
Name
This is the name of your customized service.
Description
This is the description of your customized service.
Ports/Protocol
Number
This shows the IP protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP, or TCP/UDP) and the port number or range
of ports that defines your customized service. Other and the protocol number displays if the
service uses another IP protocol.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the entry.
Click the Delete icon to remove this entry.
16.3.1 Add/Edit a Service
Use this screen to add a customized service rule that you can use in the firewall’s ACL rule
configuration. Click Add new service entry or the edit icon next to an existing service rule in the
Service screen to display the following screen.
Figure 110 Security > Firewall > Protocol: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 81 Security > Firewall > Protocol: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Service Name
Enter a unique name (up to 32 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces) for
your customized port.
Description
Enter a description for your customized port.
Protocol
Choose the IP protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP, or Other) that defines your customized port from
the drop-down list box. Select Other to be able to enter a protocol number.
Protocol
Number
This field is displayed if you select Other as the protocol.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Enter the protocol number of your customized port.
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16.4 The Access Control Screen
Click Security > Firewall > Access Control to display the following screen. This screen displays a
list of the configured incoming or outgoing filtering rules.
Figure 111 Security > Firewall > Access Control
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 82 Security > Firewall > Access Control
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New ACL
Rule
Click this to go to add a filter rule for incoming or outgoing IP traffic.
This is the index number of the entry.
Name
This displays the name of the rule.
Src IP
This displays the source IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank
source address is equivalent to Any.
Dst IP
This displays the destination IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a
blank destination address is equivalent to Any.
Service
This displays the transport layer protocol that defines the service and the direction of traffic
to which this rule applies.
Action
This field displays whether the rule silently discards packets (DROP), discards packets and
sends a TCP reset packet or an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender
(REJECT) or allows the passage of packets (ACCEPT).
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
Click the Move To icon to change the order of the rule. Enter the number in the # field.
16.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule
Click Add new ACL rule or the Edit icon next to an existing ACL rule in the Access Control
screen. The following screen displays.
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Chapter 16 Firewall
Figure 112 Access Control: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 83 Access Control: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Filter Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 alphanumeric characters, not including spaces,
underscores, and dashes.
You must enter the filter name to add an ACL rule. This field is read-only if you are editing
the ACL rule.
Order
Select the order of the ACL rule.
Select Source
Device
Select the source device to which the ACL rule applies. If you select Specific IP Address,
enter the source IP address in the field below.
Source IP
Address
Enter the source IP address.
Select
Destination
Device
Select the destination device to which the ACL rule applies. If you select Specific IP
Address, enter the destiniation IP address in the field below.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the destination IP address.
IP Type
Select whether your IP type is IPv4 or IPv6.
Select Service
Select the service rule that defines your customized port from the drop-down list box. The
specific service rule you add in the Security > Firewall > Protocol screen display in this
list.
If you want to configure a customized service, select Specific Service.
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Chapter 16 Firewall
Table 83 Access Control: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Protocol
This field is displayed only when you select Specific Service in the Select Service field.
Choose the transport layer protocol (TCP/UDP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, or ICMPv6) that defines
your customized port from the drop-down list box.
Custom Source
Port
This field is displayed only when you select Specific Service in the Select Service field.
Custom
Destination Port
This field is displayed only when you select Specific Service in the Select Service field.
Policy
Use the drop-down list box to select whether to discard (DROP), deny and send an ICMP
destination-unreachable message to the sender of (REJECT) or allow the passage of
(ACCEPT) packets that match this rule.
Direction
Use the drop-down list box to select the direction of traffic to which this rule applies.
Enable Rate
Limit
Select Enable to set a limit on the upstream/downstream transmission rate for the
specified protocol.
Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the source.
Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the destination.
Specify how many packets per minute or second the transmission rate is.
Scheduler Rules Select a schedule rule for this ACL rule form the drop-down list box. You can configure a
new schedule rule by click Add New Rule. This will bring you to the Security > Scheduler
Rules screen.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
16.5 The DoS Screen
DoS (Denial of Service) attacks can flood your Internet connection with invalid packets and
connection requests, using so much bandwidth and so many resources that Internet access
becomes unavailable.
Use the DoS screen to activate protection against DoS attacks. Click Security > Firewall > DoS
to display the following screen.
Figure 113 Security > Firewall > DoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 84 Security > Firewall > DoS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DoS Protection
Blocking
Select Enable to enable protection against DoS attacks.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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17
MAC Filter
17.1 Overview
You can configure the VMG to permit access to clients based on their MAC addresses in the MAC
Filter screen. This applies to wired and wireless connections. Every Ethernet device has a unique
MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC
addresses of the devices to configure this screen.
17.2 The MAC Filter Screen
Use this screen to allow wireless and LAN clients access to the VMG. Click Security > MAC Filter.
The screen appears as shown.
Figure 114 Security > MAC Filter
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Chapter 17 MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 85 Security > MAC Filter
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MAC Address Filter
Select Enable to activate the MAC filter function.
MAC Restrict Mode
Select Allow to only permit the listed MAC addresses access to the VMG. Select Deny
to permit anyone access to the VMG except the listed MAC addresses.
Set
This is the index number of the MAC address.
Active
Select Active to enable the MAC filter rule. The rule will not be applied if Active is not
selected.
Host Name
Enter the host name of the wireless or LAN clients that are allowed access to the VMG.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless or LAN clients that are allowed access to the
VMG in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format,
that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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18
Parental Control
18.1 Overview
Parental control allows you to block web sites with the specific URL. You can also define time
periods and days during which the VMG performs parental control on a specific user.
18.2 The Parental Control Screen
Use this screen to enable parental control, view the parental control rules and schedules.
Click Security > Parental Control to open the following screen.
Figure 115 Security > Parental Control
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 86 Security > Parental Control
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Parental
Control
Select Enable to activate parental control.
Add New PCP
Click this if you want to configure a new Parental Control Profile (PCP).
This shows the index number of the rule.
Status
This indicates whether the rule is active or not.
A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
PCP Name
This shows the name of the rule.
Home Network
User MAC
This shows the MAC address of the LAN user’s computer to which this rule applies.
Internet Access
Schedule
This shows the day(s) and time on which parental control is enabled.
Network
Service
This shows whether the network service is configured. If not, None will be shown.
Website
Blocked
This shows whether the website block is configured. If not, None will be shown.
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Table 86 Security > Parental Control (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
18.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Profile
Click Add New PCP in the Parental Control screen to add a new rule or click the Edit icon next to
an existing rule to edit it. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule and/or URL
filtering settings to block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites.
Figure 116 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule
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Chapter 18 Parental Control
Figure 117 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule > Add Service
Figure 118 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule > Add Keyword
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 87 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
Active
Select to enable or disable this parental control rule.
Parental
Control Profile
Name
Enter a descriptive name for the rule.
Home Network
User
Select the LAN user that you want to apply this rule to from the drop-down list box. If you
select Custom, enter the LAN user’s MAC address. If you select All, the rule applies to all
LAN users.
Rule List
In Home Network User, select Custom, enter the LAN user’s MAC address, then click the
Add icon to enter a computer MAC address for this PCP. Up to five are allowed. Click the
Delete icon to remove one.
Internet Access Schedule
Day
Select check boxes for the days that you want the VMG to perform parental control.
Time
Drag the time bar to define the time that the LAN user is allowed access (Authorized
access) or denied access (No access). Click the Add icon above the time bar to add a new
time bar. Up to three are allowed.
Network Service
Network
Service Setting
If you select Block, the VMG prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites with the URLs
listed below.
If you select Allow, the VMG blocks access to all URLs except ones listed below.
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