ZyXEL Communications VMG4380B10A Wireles N VDSL2 4-port Bonding Combo WAN Gateway with HPNA User Manual Manual 1

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www.zyxel.comwww.zyxel.comVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10AWireless N VDSL2 4-port Gateway with USBIMPORTANT!Copyright © 2012 ZyXEL Communications CorporationVersion 1.00Edition 1, 9/2012Default Login DetailsLAN IP Addresshttp://192.168.1.1User Name adminPassword 1234

VMG1312-B Series User’s Guide2IMPORTANT!READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.Note: This guide is a reference for a series of products. Therefore some features or options in this guide may not be available in your product.Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.Related Documentation• Quick Start GuideThe Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It containsinformation on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.• Support DiscRefer to the included CD for support documents.• ZyXEL Web SitePlease refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications.

Contents OverviewVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 3Contents OverviewUser’s Guide .......................................................................................................................................15Introducing the Device ............................................................................................................................17The Web Configurator .............................................................................................................................25Quick Start ...............................................................................................................................................33Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................................35Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................69Network Map and Status Screens ...........................................................................................................71Broadband ...............................................................................................................................................75Wireless ..................................................................................................................................................99Home Networking ..................................................................................................................................131Routing ..................................................................................................................................................153Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................................159Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................177Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................................193Interface Group .....................................................................................................................................197USB Service ..........................................................................................................................................203Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................209MAC Filter .............................................................................................................................................219Parental Control ....................................................................................................................................221Scheduler Rules ....................................................................................................................................225Certificates ............................................................................................................................................227Log .......................................................................................................................................................235Traffic Status ........................................................................................................................................239ARP Table .............................................................................................................................................243Routing Table ........................................................................................................................................245IGMP Status .........................................................................................................................................247xDSL Statistics ......................................................................................................................................249User Account .........................................................................................................................................253Remote Management ............................................................................................................................255TR-069 Client ........................................................................................................................................257TR-064 ..................................................................................................................................................259Time Settings ........................................................................................................................................261E-mail Notification .................................................................................................................................265Logs Setting .........................................................................................................................................267Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................................271Configuration .........................................................................................................................................273Diagnostic .............................................................................................................................................276

Contents OverviewVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide4Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................281

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 5Table of ContentsContents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................5Part I: User’s Guide ......................................................................................... 15Chapter 1Introducing the Device .......................................................................................................................171.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................171.2 Ways to Manage the Device .............................................................................................................171.3 Good Habits for Managing the Device ..............................................................................................171.4 Applications for the Device ...............................................................................................................181.4.1 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................181.4.2 HomePNA ................................................................................................................................191.4.3 Device’s USB Support .............................................................................................................201.5 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................................211.6 Wireless Access ................................................................................................................................231.6.1 Using the WLAN/WPS Button .................................................................................................23Chapter 2The Web Configurator ........................................................................................................................252.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................252.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................252.2 Web Configurator Layout ..................................................................................................................282.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................................282.2.2 Main Window ...........................................................................................................................292.2.3 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................29Chapter 3Quick Start...........................................................................................................................................333.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................333.2 Quick Start Setup ..............................................................................................................................33Chapter 4Tutorials...............................................................................................................................................354.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................354.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection ..........................................................................................354.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network .............................................................................................38

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide64.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings .............................................................................384.3.2 Using WPS ..............................................................................................................................404.3.3 Without WPS ...........................................................................................................................434.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups ................................................................................................444.5 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network .................................................................474.6 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup ........................................................................................504.7 Access the Device Using DDNS .......................................................................................................534.7.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ..................................................................534.7.2 Configuring DDNS on Your Device ..........................................................................................544.7.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ........................................................................................................544.8 Configuring the MAC Address Filter ..................................................................................................554.9 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ....................................................................................564.10 Using the Media Server Feature ....................................................................................................574.10.1 Configuring the Device ..........................................................................................................574.10.2 Using Windows Media Player ................................................................................................574.10.3 Using a Digital Media Adapter ...............................................................................................604.11 Using the Print Server Feature ........................................................................................................62Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................ 69Chapter 5Network Map and Status Screens .....................................................................................................715.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................715.2 The Network Map Screen .................................................................................................................715.3 The Status Screen .............................................................................................................................72Chapter 6Broadband...........................................................................................................................................756.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................756.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................756.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................................766.1.3 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................786.2 The Broadband Screen .....................................................................................................................786.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ...................................................................................................796.3 The 3G Backup Screen .....................................................................................................................866.4 The Advanced Screen .......................................................................................................................906.5 The 8021x Screen .............................................................................................................................926.5.1 Edit 802.1x Settings .................................................................................................................936.6 Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................93Chapter 7Wireless ...............................................................................................................................................99

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 77.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................997.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................997.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................1007.2 The General Screen .......................................................................................................................1007.2.1 No Security ............................................................................................................................1037.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ........................................................................................................1037.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ..................................................................................................1057.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication ...........................................................................................................1067.3 The More AP Screen .......................................................................................................................1077.3.1 Edit More AP ........................................................................................................................1087.4 MAC Authentication ........................................................................................................................1097.5 The WPS Screen ............................................................................................................................ 1107.6 The WMM Screen ........................................................................................................................... 1127.7 The WDS Screen ............................................................................................................................ 1137.7.1 WDS Scan ............................................................................................................................. 1147.8 The Others Screen .......................................................................................................................... 1157.9 The Channel Status Screen ............................................................................................................ 1177.10 Technical Reference ...................................................................................................................... 1177.10.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................................. 1177.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms ................................................................................................... 1197.10.3 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................. 1197.10.4 Signal Problems ..................................................................................................................1217.10.5 BSS .....................................................................................................................................1227.10.6 MBSSID ...............................................................................................................................1227.10.7 Preamble Type ....................................................................................................................1237.10.8 Wireless Distribution System (WDS) ...................................................................................1237.10.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ...............................................................................................123Chapter 8Home Networking .............................................................................................................................1318.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................1318.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................1318.1.2 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................1328.1.3 Before You Begin ...................................................................................................................1338.2 The LAN Setup Screen ...................................................................................................................1338.3 The Static DHCP Screen .................................................................................................................1368.4 The UPnP Screen ...........................................................................................................................1388.5 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................................1398.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................................1418.7 The Additional Subnet Screen ........................................................................................................1478.8 The STB Vendor ID Screen .............................................................................................................1488.9 The 5th Ethernet Port Screen .........................................................................................................1488.10 The LAN VLAN Screen .................................................................................................................149

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide88.11 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................1508.11.1 LANs, WANs and the Device ...............................................................................................1508.11.2 DHCP Setup ........................................................................................................................1508.11.3 DNS Server Addresses ........................................................................................................1518.11.4 LAN TCP/IP .........................................................................................................................151Chapter 9Routing ..............................................................................................................................................1539.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................1539.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................1539.2 The Routing Screen ........................................................................................................................1549.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route .............................................................................................................1559.3 The Policy Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................1559.3.1 Add/Edit Policy Forwarding ...................................................................................................1579.4 The RIP Screen ...............................................................................................................................157Chapter 10Quality of Service (QoS)...................................................................................................................15910.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................15910.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................15910.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................16010.3 The Quality of Service General Screen ........................................................................................16110.4 The Queue Setup Screen .............................................................................................................16210.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue .........................................................................................................16410.5 The Class Setup Screen ...............................................................................................................16410.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class ............................................................................................................16610.6 The QoS Policer Setup Screen .....................................................................................................16910.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer .......................................................................................................17010.7 The QoS Monitor Screen .............................................................................................................17110.8 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................172Chapter 11Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................ 17711.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................17711.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................17711.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................17711.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................17811.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ....................................................................................................18011.3 The Applications Screen ...............................................................................................................18111.3.1 Add New Application ............................................................................................................18211.4 The Port Triggering Screen ...........................................................................................................18211.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule .............................................................................................18411.5 The DMZ Screen ...........................................................................................................................185

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 911.6 The ALG Screen ............................................................................................................................18611.7 The Address Mapping Screen .......................................................................................................18611.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule ..........................................................................................18711.8 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................18811.8.1 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................................................18811.8.2 What NAT Does ...................................................................................................................18911.8.3 How NAT Works ...................................................................................................................19011.8.4 NAT Application ...................................................................................................................191Chapter 12Dynamic DNS Setup .........................................................................................................................19312.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................19312.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................19312.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................19412.2 The DNS Entry Screen ..................................................................................................................19412.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry .............................................................................................................19512.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................195Chapter 13Interface Group .................................................................................................................................19713.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................19713.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................19713.2 The Interface Group Screen ..........................................................................................................19713.2.1 Interface Group Configuration .............................................................................................19813.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria .................................................................................................200Chapter 14USB Service ......................................................................................................................................20314.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................20314.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................20314.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................20314.2 The File Sharing Screen ...............................................................................................................20414.2.1 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................20514.3 The Media Server Screen .............................................................................................................20614.4 The Printer Server Screen ............................................................................................................20714.4.1 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................207Chapter 15Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................20915.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................20915.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................20915.1.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................21015.2 The Firewall Screen ...................................................................................................................... 211

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1015.3 The Service Screen ...................................................................................................................... 21115.3.1 Add/Edit a Service ..............................................................................................................21215.4 The Access Control Screen ..........................................................................................................21315.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule ........................................................................................................21515.5 The DoS Screen ............................................................................................................................216Chapter 16MAC Filter..........................................................................................................................................21916.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................21916.2 The MAC Filter Screen ..................................................................................................................219Chapter 17Parental Control ................................................................................................................................22117.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................22117.2 The Parental Control Screen .........................................................................................................22117.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Rule .........................................................................................222Chapter 18Scheduler Rules................................................................................................................................22518.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................22518.2 The Scheduler Rules Screen ........................................................................................................22518.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule ............................................................................................................226Chapter 19Certificates ........................................................................................................................................22719.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................22719.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................22719.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................22719.3 The Local Certificates Screen .......................................................................................................22819.3.1 Create Certificate Request .................................................................................................22919.3.2 Load Signed Certificate ......................................................................................................23019.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................................23119.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate .................................................................................................23219.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ..............................................................................................233Chapter 20Log ....................................................................................................................................................23520.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................23520.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................23520.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................23520.2 The System Log Screen ................................................................................................................23620.3 The Security Log Screen ...............................................................................................................237

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 11Chapter 21Traffic Status ....................................................................................................................................23921.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................23921.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................23921.2 The WAN Status Screen ...............................................................................................................23921.3 The LAN Status Screen .................................................................................................................241Chapter 22ARP Table ..........................................................................................................................................24322.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................24322.1.1 How ARP Works ..................................................................................................................24322.2 ARP Table Screen .........................................................................................................................243Chapter 23Routing Table ....................................................................................................................................24523.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................24523.2 The Routing Table Screen .............................................................................................................245Chapter 24IGMP Status ......................................................................................................................................24724.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................24724.2 The IGMP Group Status Screen ...................................................................................................247Chapter 25xDSL Statistics..................................................................................................................................24925.1 The xDSL Statistics Screen ...........................................................................................................249Chapter 26User Account ....................................................................................................................................25326.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................25326.2 The User Account Screen .............................................................................................................253Chapter 27Remote Management........................................................................................................................25527.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................25527.2 The Remote MGMT Screen ..........................................................................................................255Chapter 28TR-069 Client.....................................................................................................................................25728.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................25728.2 The TR-069 Client Screen ............................................................................................................257

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide12Chapter 29TR-064................................................................................................................................................25929.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................25929.2 The TR-064 Screen .......................................................................................................................259Chapter 30Time Settings ....................................................................................................................................26130.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................26130.2 The Time Screen ..........................................................................................................................261Chapter 31E-mail Notification ............................................................................................................................26531.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................26531.2 The Email Notification Screen .......................................................................................................26531.2.1 Email Notification Edit ........................................................................................................266Chapter 32Logs Setting .....................................................................................................................................26732.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................26732.2 The Log Settings Screen ...............................................................................................................26732.2.1 Example E-mail Log ............................................................................................................268Chapter 33Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................................27133.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................27133.2 The Firmware Screen ....................................................................................................................271Chapter 34Configuration ....................................................................................................................................27334.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................27334.2 The Configuration Screen .............................................................................................................27334.3 The Reboot Screen .......................................................................................................................275Chapter 35Diagnostic .........................................................................................................................................27635.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................27635.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................27635.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................27635.3 Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup ...................................................................................................27735.4 802.1ag .........................................................................................................................................27835.5 OAM Ping Test ..............................................................................................................................279

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 13Chapter 36Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................28136.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................28136.2 Device Access and Login ..............................................................................................................28236.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................28336.4 Wireless Internet Access ...............................................................................................................28536.5 USB Device Connection ................................................................................................................28636.6 UPnP .............................................................................................................................................286Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address.......................................................................287Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................309Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions .................................................317Appendix D Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................327Appendix E IPv6 ..............................................................................................................................341Appendix F Services........................................................................................................................349Appendix G Legal Information .........................................................................................................353Index ..................................................................................................................................................357

Table of ContentsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide14

15PART IUser’s Guide

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 17CHAPTER 1Introducing the Device1.1 OverviewThe Device is a wireless VDSL router and Gigabit Ethernet gateway. It has two DSL ports and Gigabit Ethernet for super-fast Internet access over analog (POTS) telephone lines. If the DSLAM of the ISP supports bonding function, the two DSL ports on the Device can be connected to two separate telephone jacks to provide increased throughput at longer distances. The Device supports both Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It is backward compatible with ADSL, ADSL2 and ADSL2+ in case VDSL is not available. The Device also provides IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless networking to extend the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring. The VMG4380-B10A models also include Home Phoneline •VMG4380-B10A has Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (HPNA) capability.Only use firmware for your Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your Device.The Device has a USB port used to share files via a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive. 1.2 Ways to Manage the DeviceUse any of the following methods to manage the Device.• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Device using a (supported) web browser.• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device.1.3 Good Habits for Managing the DeviceDo the following things regularly to make the Device more secure and to manage the Device more effectively.• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.

Chapter 1 Introducing the DeviceVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide18• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the Device. Youcould simply restore your last configuration.1.4 Applications for the Device Here are some example uses for which the Device is well suited.1.4.1 Internet AccessYour Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEMjack on a splitter or your telephone jack. You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL. The Device cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time.Note: The ADSL and VDSL lines share the same WAN (layer-2) interfaces that you configure in the Device. Refer to Section 6.2 on page 78 for the Network Setting > Broadband screen.Computers can connect to the Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).Figure 1 Device’s Internet Access Application You can also configure IP filtering on the Device for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from ADSL / VDSLWLANPPPoEIPoEBridgingWANADSL IPoAWANLANLANWLANAAPPPoAIPoEPPPoEBridging

Chapter 1 Introducing the DeviceVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 19your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files.1.4.2 HomePNAModels with HPNA comply with HomePNA (Home Phoneline Networking Alliance, also known as HPNA) 3.1, a home networking technology for carrying data over existing coaxial cables and telephone wiring.The figure below shows your Device (A) connecting to a phone line outlet for DSL Internet access and a coaxial outlet to relay Internet connectivity to other coaxial outlets in the building. The laptop (B) connects wirelessly to the Device. The set-up box (C) connects into a coaxial outlet in another part of the house for access to online videos.Figure 2 HomePNA Application

Chapter 1 Introducing the DeviceVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide201.4.3 Device’s USB SupportThe USB port of the Device is used for file-sharing.File SharingUse the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). You can connect one USB hard drive to the Device at a time. Use FTP to access the files on the USB device.Figure 3 USB File Sharing Application Media ServerYou can also use the Device as a media server. This lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from a USB device (B) connected to the Device’s USB port (without having to copy them to another computer). Figure 4 USB Media Server Application BABA

Chapter 1 Introducing the DeviceVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 211.5 LEDs (Lights)The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs. Figure 5 LEDs on the DeviceNone of the LEDs are on if the Device is not receiving power.Table 1 LED DescriptionsLED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTIONPOWER Green On The Device is receiving power and ready for use.Blinking The Device is self-testing.Red On The Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device malfunction.Off The Device is not receiving power.Blinking Firmware upgrade is in progress.ETHERNETLAN 1-4Green On The Device has a successful Ethernet connection with a deviceon the Local Area Network (LAN).Blinking The Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN.Off The Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.

Chapter 1 Introducing the DeviceVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide22The RESET ButtonIf you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESETbutton at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to “1234”.1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink,the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.ETHERNETWANGreen On The Gigabit Ethernet connection is working.Blinking The Device is sending or receiving data to/from the Gigabit Ethernet link.Off There is no Gigabit Ethernet link.DSL1,2 Green On The ADSL line is up.Blinking The Device is initializing the ADSL line.Off The ADSL line is down.Orange On The VDSL line is up.Blinking The Device is initializing the VDSL line.Off The VDSL line is down.INTERNET Green On The Device has an IP connection but no traffic.Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned bya DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL connection is up.Blinking The Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.USB Green On The Device recognizes a USB connection.Blinking The Device is sending/receiving data to /from the USB device connected to it.Off The Device does not detect a USB connection.HPNA Green On The Device is connected to an HPNA-equipped device through the coaxial cable.ABlinking Data is transmitting over the HPNA cable.Off No HPNA device is connected.WLAN/WPS Green On The wireless network is activated.Blinking The Device is communicating with other wireless clients.Green and OrangeBlinking The Device is setting up a WPS connection.Off The wireless network is not activated.A. HPNA-equipped models only.Table 1 LED Descriptions (continued)LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

Chapter 1 Introducing the DeviceVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 231.6 Wireless AccessThe Device is a wireless Access Point (AP) for wireless clients, such as notebook computers or PDAs and iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to rely on inconvenient Ethernet cables.You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS button.Figure 6 Wireless Access Example1.6.1 Using the WLAN/WPS ButtonIf the wireless network is turned off, press the WLAN/WPS button at the back of the Device for one second. Once the WLAN/WPS LED turns green, the wireless network is active.You can also use the WLAN/WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the Device and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.To activate WPS:1Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking.2Press the WLAN/WPS button for five seconds and release it.3Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the Device. The WLAN/WPS LED flashes orange while the Device sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device. 4Once the connection is successfully made, the WLAN/WPS LED shines green.To turn off the wireless network, press the WLAN/WPS button on the front of the Device for one to five seconds. The WLAN/WPS LED turns off when the wireless network is off.

Chapter 1 Introducing the DeviceVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide24

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 25CHAPTER 2The Web Configurator2.1 OverviewThe web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default inWindows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.• JavaScript (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default).See Appendix C on page 317 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in InternetExplorer.2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator1Make sure your Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).2Launch your web browser. If the Device does not automatically re-direct you to the login screen, go to http://192.168.1.1.

Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide263A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the Device, type the default username admin and password 1234 in the password screen and click Login. If advanced account security is enabled (see Section 26.2 on page 253) the number of dots that appears when you type the password changes randomly to prevent anyone watching the password field from knowing the length of your password. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login. Figure 7 Password Screen4The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is strongly recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm andclick Apply; alternatively click Skip to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the password now.Figure 8 Change Password Screen5The Quick Start Wizard screen appears. You can configure the Device’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless settings. See Chapter 3 on page 33 for more information.

Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 276After you finished or closed the Quick Start Wizard screen, the Network Map page appears.Figure 9 Network Map7Click Status to display the Status screen, where you can view the Device’s interface and system information.

Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide282.2 Web Configurator LayoutFigure 10 Screen LayoutAs illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:•A - title bar•B - main window•C - navigation panel2.2.1 Title BarThe title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner.BCA

Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 29The icons provide the following functions.2.2.2 Main WindowThe main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document.After you click Status on the Connection Status page, the Status screen is displayed. See Chapter 5 on page 72 for more information about the Status screen.If you click Virtual Device on the System Info screen, a visual graphic appears, showing the connection status of the Device’s ports. The connected ports are in color and disconnected ports aregray.Figure 11 Virtual Device2.2.3 Navigation PanelUse the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure Device features. The following tables describe each menu item.Table 2 Web Configurator Icons in the Title BarICON DESCRIPTIONQuick Start: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the Device’s time zone Internet access, and wireless settings.Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.Table 3 Navigation Panel SummaryLINK TAB FUNCTIONConnection Status This screen shows the network status of the Device and computers/devices connected to it.Network Setting

Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide30Broadband Broadband Use this screen to view and configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, and other advanced properties. You can also add new WAN connections.3G Backup Use this screen to configure 3G WAN connection.Advanced Use this screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR functions.8021x Use this screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1x settings on the Device.Wireless General Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLANauthentication/security settings.More AP Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the Device.MACAuthenticationUse this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless devices of certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the Device.WPS Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) settings.WMM Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).WDS Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) links toother access points.Others Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings.Channel Use this screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results.HomeNetworkingLAN Setup Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advancedproperties.Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC addresses.UPnP Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off.Additional SubnetUse this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.STB Vendor ID Use this screen to have the Device automatically create static DHCP entries for Set Top Box (STB) devices when they request IPaddresses.5th EthernetPortUse this screen to configure the Ethernet WAN port as a LAN port.Routing Static Route Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the Device.PolicyForwardingUse this screen to configure policy routing on the Device.QoS General Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing. You can alsoconfigure the QoS rules and actions.Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queues.Class Setup Use this screen to define a classifier.Policer Setup Use these screens to configure QoS policers.Monitor Use this screen to view QoS packets statistics.Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)LINK TAB FUNCTION

Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 31NAT Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.Applications Use this screen to configure servers behind the Device.Port Triggering Use this screen to change your Device’s port triggering settings.DMZ Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding screen.ALG Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.Address Mapping Use this screen to change your Device’s address mapping settings.DNS DNS Entry Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes.Dynamic DNS Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address.Interface GroupUse this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.USB Device File Sharing Use this screen to enable file sharing via the Device.Media Server Use this screen to use the Device as a media server.Printer Server Use this screen to enable the print server on the Device and get the model name of the associated printer.Security SettingsFirewall General Use this screen to configure the security level of your firewall.Service Use this screen to add Internet services and configure firewall rules.Access Control Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.DoS Use this screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.MAC Filter Use this screen to block or allow traffic from devices of certain MAC addresses to the Device.ParentalControlUse this screen to block web sites with the specific URL.Scheduler Rule Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configuredrestriction (such as parental control) is enforced.Certificates Local Certificates Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage certificates and certification requests.Trusted CA Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.System MonitorLog System Log Use this screen to view the status of events that occurred to the Device. You can export or e-mail the logs.Security Log Use this screen to view the login record of the Device. You can export or e-mail the logs.Traffic Status WAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going throughthe WAN port of the Device.LAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going throughthe LAN ports of the Device.ARP Table Use this screen to view the ARP table. It displays the IP and MAC address of each DHCP connection.IGMP Group StatusUse this screen to view the status of all IGMP settings on the Device.xDSL Statistics Use this screen to view the Device’s xDSL traffic statistics.Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)LINK TAB FUNCTION

Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide32MaintenanceUser Account Use this screen to change user password on the Device. Remote MGMT Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.TR-069 Client Use this screen to configure the Device to be managed by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS).TR-064 Client Use this screen to enable management via TR-064 on the LAN.Time Use this screen to change your Device’s time and date.Email NotificationUse this screen to configure up to two mail servers and sender addresses on the Device.Log Setting Use this screen to change your Device’s log settings.Firmware UpgradeUse this screen to upload firmware to your device.Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration(settings) or reset the factory default settings.Reboot Use this screen to reboot the Device without turning the power off.Diagnostic Ping &Traceroute &NslookupUse this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection. You can use Ping, TraceRoute, or Nslookup to help you identify problems.802.1ag Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) MD (maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance association), perform connectivity tests and view test reports.OAM Ping Use this screen to view information to help you identify problems with the DSL connection.Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)LINK TAB FUNCTION

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 33CHAPTER 3Quick Start3.1 OverviewUse the Quick Start screens to configure the Device’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless settings.Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on page 69) for background information on the features in this chapter.3.2 Quick Start Setup1The Quick Start Wizard appears automatically after login. Or you can click the Click Start icon in the top right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens. Select the time zone of the Device’s location and click Next. Figure 12 Time Zone

Chapter 3 Quick StartVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide342Enter your Internet connection information in this screen. The screen and fields to enter may vary depending on your current connection type. Click Next. Click Next.Figure 13 Internet Connection3Turn the wireless LAN on or off. If you keep it on, record the security settings so you can configure your wireless clients to connect to the Device. Click Save.Figure 14 Internet Connection4Your Device saves your settings and attempts to connect to the Internet.

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 35CHAPTER 4Tutorials4.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to use the Device’s various features.•Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection, see page 35•Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network, see page 38•Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups, see page 44•Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network, see page 47•Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup, see page 50•Access the Device Using DDNS, see page 53•Configuring the MAC Address Filter, see page 55•Access Your Shared Files From a Computer, see page 56•Using the Media Server Feature, see page 57•Using the Print Server Feature, see page 624.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE ConnectionThis tutorial shows you how to set up your Internet connection using the Web Configurator. If you connect to the Internet through an ADSL connection, use the information from your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to configure the Device. Be sure to contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the Broadband screens. 1Click Network Setting > Broadband to open the following screen. Click Add New WAN Interface.2In this example, the DSL connection has the following information.GeneralName MyDSLConnectionType ADSL

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide363Select the Active check box. Enter the General and ATM PVC Configuration settings as provided above. Set the Type to ADSL over ATM.Choose the Encapsulation specified by your DSL service provider. For this example, the serviceprovider requires a username and password to establish Internet connection. Therefore, select PPPoE as the WAN encapsulation type.Set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv4 Only. 4Enter the account information provided to you by your DSL service provider.5Configure this rule as your default Internet connection by selecting the Apply as Default Gateway check box. Then select DNS as Static and enter the DNS server addresses provided to you, such as 192.168.5.2 (DNS server1)/192.168.5.1 (DNS server2).6Leave the rest of the fields to the default settings.Connection Mode RoutingEncapsulation PPPoEIPv6/IPv4 Mode IPv4ATM PVC ConfigurationVPI/VCI 36/48Encapsulation Mode LLC/SNAP-BridgingService Category UBR without PCRAccount InformationPPP User Name 1234@DSL-Ex.comPPP Password ABCDEF!PPPoE Service Name MyDSLStatic IP Address 192.168.1.32Others PPPoE Passthrough: DisabledNAT: EnabledIGMP Multicast Proxy: EnabledApply as Default Gateway: Enabled

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 377Click Apply to save your settings.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide388You should see a summary of your new DSL connection setup in the Broadband screen as follows.Try to connect to a website to see if you have correctly set up your Internet connection. Be sure to contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the WAN screens.4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless NetworkThomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet. In this wireless network, the Device serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is the wireless client. The wireless client can access the Internet through the AP.Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the Device. Then he can set up a wireless network using WPS (Section 4.3.2 on page 40) or manual configuration (Section 4.3.3 on page 43).4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network SettingsThis example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network.SSID ExampleSecurity Mode WPA-PSKPre-Shared Key DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork802.11 Mode 802.11b/g/n Mixed

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 391Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level and WPA-PSK as the security mode. Configure the screen using the provided parameters (see page 38). Click Apply.2Go to the Wireless > Others screen and select 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the 802.11 Mode field. Click Apply.Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and the Device (see Section 4.3.2 on page 40). He can also use the notebook’s wireless client to search for the Device (see Section 4.3.3 on page 43).

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide404.3.2 Using WPSThis section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. It uses the Device as the AP and ZyXEL NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to the notebook. Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or PCMCIA card).There are two WPS methods to set up the wireless client settings:•Push Button Configuration (PBC) - simply press a button. This is the easier of the two methods.•PIN Configuration - configure a Personal Identification Number (PIN) on the Device. A wireless client must also use the same PIN in order to download the wireless network settings from the Device.Push Button Configuration (PBC)1Make sure that your Device is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of the wireless signal. 2Make sure that you have installed the wireless client driver and utility in your notebook.3In the wireless client utility, go to the WPS setting page. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or WPS button).4Push and hold the WPS button located on the Device’s front panel for more than 5 seconds. Alternatively, you may log into Device’s web configurator and go to the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the WPS function and click Apply. Then click the Connect button.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 41Note: Your Device has a WPS button located on its front panel as well as a WPS button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function: you can use one or the other.Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first one. The Device sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the Device securely.The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by pressing a button on both Device and wireless client.Example WPS Process: PBC Me thodWireless Client DeviceSECURITY INFOCOMMUNICATIONWITHIN 2 MINUTESPress and hold for 5 secondsWLAN/WPS

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide42PIN ConfigurationWhen you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the Device’s web configurator and the wireless client’s utility.1Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to get a PIN number. 2Log into Device’s web configurator and go to the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the WPS function and click Apply. 3Enter the PIN number of the wireless client and click the Register button. Activate WPS function onthe wireless client utility screen within two minutes. The Device authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the Device securely.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 43The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a Device and a wireless client by using PIN method. Example WPS Process: PIN Method4.3.3 Without WPSUse the wireless adapter’s utility installed on the notebook to search for the “Example” SSID. Thenenter the “DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork” pre-shared key to establish an wireless Internet connection.Note: The Device supports IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g wireless clients. Make sure that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.Authentication by PINSECURITY INFOWITHIN 2 MINUTESWireless ClientZyXEL DeviceCOMMUNICATION

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide444.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless GroupsCompany A wants to create different wireless network groups for different types of users as shown in the following figure. Each group has its own SSID and security mode.• Employees in Company A will use a general Company wireless network group.• Higher management level and important visitors will use the VIP group.• Visiting guests will use the Guest group, which has a lower security mode.Company A will use the following parameters to set up the wireless network groups.COMPANY VIP GUESTSSID Company VIP GuestSecurity Level More Secure More Secure BasicSecurity Mode WPA2-PSK WPA2-PSK Static WEPPre-Shared Key ForCompanyOnly ForVIPOnly Guest12345678CompanyVIP Guest

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 451Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Use this screen to set up the company’s general wireless network group. Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.2Click Network Setting > Wireless > More AP to open the following screen. Click the Edit icon to configure the second wireless network group.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide463Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.4In the More AP screen, click the Edit icon to configure the third wireless network group.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 475Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.6Check the status of VIP and Guest in the More AP screen. The yellow bulbs signify that the SSIDs are active and ready for wireless access. 4.5 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another NetworkIn order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to the Device’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This tutorial shows how to configure a static routing rule for two network routings.In the following figure, router R is connected to the Device’s LAN. R connects to two networks, N1(192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide48network) to computer B (in N2 network), the traffic is sent to the Device’s WAN default gateway by default. In this case, B will never receive the traffic.You need to specify a static routing rule on the Device to specify R as the router in charge of forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the Device routes traffic from A to R and then R routes the traffic to B.This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:Table 4 IP Settings in this TutorialDEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESSThe Device’s WAN 172.16.1.1The Device’s LAN 192.168.1.1IP Type IPv4Use Interface ADSL/atm0A192.168.1.34R’s N1 192.168.1.253N2BN1ARN2BN1AR

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 49To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:1Log into the Device’s Web Configurator in advanced mode.2Click Network Setting > Routing.3Click Add new static route in the Static Route screen.4Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:4a Select the Active check box. Enter the Route Name as R.4b Set IP Type to IPv4. 4c Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2.4d Select Enable in the Use Gateway IP Address field. Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the Gateway IP Address field.4e Select ADSL/atm0 as the Use Interface.4a Click OK.Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.R’s N2 192.168.10.2B192.168.10.33Table 4 IP Settings in this TutorialDEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESS

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide504.6 Configuring QoS Queue and Class SetupThis section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize e-mail traffic because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also upload data files (such as logs and e-mail archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your colleagues use the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other branch offices.In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission bandwidth of 10,000 kbps. For this example, you want to configure QoS so that e-mail traffic gets the highest priority with at least 5,000 kbps. You can do the following: • Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (1) to e-mail traffic going to the WAN interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion. • Note the IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) and/or MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example) of your computer and map it to queue 7.Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the Device.Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on the Device.QoS Example10,000 kbpsDSLYour computerIP=192.168.1.23A colleague’s computerOther traffic: Automatic classifierand/orMAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FFEmail traffic: Highest priority

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 511Click Network Setting > QoS > General and select Enable. Set your WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth to 10,000 kbps (or leave this blank to have the Device automatically determine this figure). Click Apply.Tutorial: Advanced > QoS2Click Queue Setup > Add new Queue to create a new queue. In the screen that opens, check Active and enter or select the following values:•Name: E-mail•Interface: WAN•Priority: 1 (High)•Weight: 8•Rate Limit: 5,000 (kbps) Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setu p

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide523Click Class Setup > Add new Classifier to create a new class. Check Active and follow the settings as shown in the screen below.Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Class Set upClass Name Give a class name to this traffic, such as E-mail in this example.FromInterfaceThis is the interface from which the traffic will be coming from. Select LAN1 for this example.Ether Type Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP address or MAC address.IP Address Type the IP address of your computer - 192.168.1.23. Type the IP Subnet Mask if youknow it.MAC Address Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the MAC Mask if youknow it.To Queue IndexLink this to an item in the Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup screen, which is the E-mail queue created in this example.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 53This maps e-mail traffic coming from port 25 to the highest priority, which you have created in the previous screen (see the IP Protocol field). This also maps your computer’s IP address and MAC address to the E-mail queue (see the Source fields).4Verify that the queue setup works by checking Network Setting > QoS > Monitor. This shows the bandwidth allotted to e-mail traffic compared to other network traffic.4.7 Access the Device Using DDNSIf you connect your Device to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is inconvenient for you to manage the device from the Internet. The Device’s WAN IP address changes dynamically. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the Device using a domain name. To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org.This tutorial covers:•Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org•Configuring DDNS on Your Device•Testing the DDNS SettingNote: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.4.7.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org1Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org.2Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and password.3Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.4Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.• Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org• Service Type: Host with IP address• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your Device is currently using. You can find the IP address on the Device’s Web Configurator Status page.Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the Device later.w.x.y.z a.b.c.dhttp://zyxelrouter.dyndns.orgA

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide544.7.2 Configuring DDNS on Your DeviceConfigure the following settings in the Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS screen.• Select Enable Dynamic DNS.• Select www.DynDNS.com as the service provider.• Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field.• Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345).Click Apply.4.7.3 Testing the DDNS SettingNow you should be able to access the Device from the Internet. To test this:1Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the Internet.2Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter].3The Device’s login page should appear. You can then log into the Device and manage it.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 554.8 Configuring the MAC Address FilterThomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and downloading media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that shecan concentrate on preparing for her final exams.Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the Device. Thomas decides to use the Security > MAC Filter screen to grant wireless network access to his computer but not to Josephine’s computer. 1Click Security > MAC Filter to open the MAC Filter screen. Select the Enable check box to activate MAC filter function.2Select Allow. Then enter the host name and MAC address of Thomas’ computer in this screen. Click Apply.ThomasJosephine

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide56Thomas can also grant access to the computers of other members of his family and friends. However, Josephine and others not listed in this screen will no longer be able to access the Internet through the Device.4.9 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer Here is how to use an FTP program to access a file storage device connected to the Device’s USB port.Note: This example uses the FileZilla FTP program to browse your shared files. 1In FileZilla enter the IP address of the Device (the default is 192.168.1.1), your account’s username and password and port 21 and click Quickconnect. A screen asking for password authentication appears. File Sharing via Windows Explore r2Once you log in the USB device displays in the mnt folder.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 574.10 Using the Media Server FeatureUse the media server feature to play files on a computer or on your television (using DMA-2500).This section shows you how the media server feature works using the following media clients: • Microsoft (MS) Windows Media Player Media Server works with Windows Vista and Windows 7. Make sure your computer is able to playmedia files (music, videos and pictures).• ZyXEL DMA-2500, a digital media adapterYou need to set up the DMA-2500 to work with your television (TV). Refer to the DMA-2500 Quick Start Guide for the correct hardware connections. Before you begin, connect the USB storage device containing the media files you want to play to the USB port of your Device.4.10.1 Configuring the DeviceNote: The Media Server feature is enabled by default.To use your Device as a media server, click Network Setting > Home Networking > Media Server.Tutorial: USB Services > Media ServerCheck Enable Media Server and click Apply. This enables DLNA-compliant media clients to playthe video, music and image files in your USB storage device.4.10.2 Using Windows Media PlayerThis section shows you how to play the media files on the USB storage device connected to your Device using Windows Media Player. Tutorial: Media Server Setup (Using Win dows Media Player)Computer withZyXEL DeviceUSB Storage DeviceWindows Media Player

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide58Windows Vista1Open Windows Media Player and click Library > Media Sharing as follows.Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows Vista2Check Find media that others are sharing in the following screen and click OK.Tutorial: Media Sharing using Window s Vista (2)

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 593In the Library screen, check the left panel. The Windows Media Player should detect the Device. Tutorial: Media Sharing using Window s Vista (3)The Device displays as a playlist. Clicking on the category icons in the right panel shows you the media files in the USB storage device attached to your Device. Windows 71Open Windows Media Player. It should automatically detect the Device.Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows 7 (1)If you cannot see the Device in the left panel as shown above, right-click Other Libraries > Refresh Other Libraries.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide602Select a category in the left panel and wait for Windows Media Player to connect to the Device.Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows 7 (2)3In the right panel, you should see a list of files available in the USB storage device. Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows 7 (2)4.10.3 Using a Digital Media AdapterThis section shows you how you can use the Device with a ZyXEL DMA-2500 to play media files stored in the USB storage device in your TV screen.Note: For this tutorial, your DMA-2500 should already be set up with the TV according to the instructions in the DMA-2500 Quick Start Guide.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 611Connect the DMA-2500 to an available LAN port in your Device.Tutorial: Media Server Setup (Using DMA)2Turn on the TV and wait for the DMA-2500 Home screen to appear. Using the remote control, go to MyMedia to open the following screen. Select the Device as your media server.Tutorial: Media Sharing using DMA-25003The screen shows you the list of available media files in the USB storage device. Select the file you want to open and push the Play button in the remote control.Tutorial: Media Sharing using DMA-2500 (2)DMA-2500ZyXEL DeviceUSB Storage Device

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide624.11 Using the Print Server FeatureThe Device allows you to share a USB printer on your LAN. You can do this by connecting a USBprinter to one of the USB ports on the Device and then adding the printer on the computers connected to your network.In this section you can:• Add a New Printer Using Windows• Add a New Printer Using Macintosh OS XAdd a New Printer Using WindowsThis example shows how to connect a printer to your Device using the Windows 7 operating system. Some menu items may look different on your operating system.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 631Click Start > Control Panel > Devices and Printers to open the Devices and Printers screen. Click Add a printer. Tutorial: Printers Folder2The Add Printer wizard screen displays. Click Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Welcome

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide643Click The printer that I want isn’t listed. Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Welcome

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 654Select the Select a shared printer by name option. Enter the URL for your printer, http://192.168.1.1:631/printers/USB_PRINTER, in this example. This URL can be found in the Device’s Web Configurator on the Network Setting > USB Service > Printer Server screen. Click Next.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Welcome5Install the printer driver. Please check the Windows CD if it includes the printer driver. If not, pleaseinstall the driver from the CD included with your printer or by downloading it from the printer vendor’s website.6After the printer driver installs successfully, choose if you want to set this printer to be the default.Add a New Printer Using Macintosh OS XComplete the following steps to set up a print server driver on your Macintosh computer.1Click the Print Center icon located in the Macintosh Dock (a place holding a series of icons/shortcuts at the bottom of the desktop). Proceed to step 6to continue. If the Print Center icon isnot in the Macintosh Dock, proceed to the next step.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide662On your desktop, double-click the Macintosh HD icon to open the Macintosh HD window.Tutorial: Macintosh HD3Double-click the Applications folder. Tutorial: Macintosh HD folder4Double-click the Utilities folder.Tutorial: Applications Folder5Double-click the Print Center icon.Tutorial: Utilities Folder6Click the Add icon at the top of the screen.Tutorial: Printer List Folder7Set up your printer in the Printer List configuration screen. Select IP Printing from the drop-down list box.

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 678In the Printer’s Address field, type the IP address of your Device.9Deselect the Use default queue on server check box.10 Type LP1 in the Queue Name field.11 Select your Printer Model from the drop-down list box. If the printer's model is not listed, select Generic. Tutorial: Printer Configuration12 Click Add to select a printer model, save and close the Printer List configuration screen.Tutorial: Printer Model13 The Name LP1 on 192.168.1.1 displays in the Printer List field. The default printer Namedisplays in bold type. Tutorial: Print Server

Chapter 4 TutorialsVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide68Your Macintosh print server driver setup is complete. You can now use the Device’s print server to print from a Macintosh computer.

69PART IITechnical Reference

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 71CHAPTER 5Network Map and Status Screens5.1 OverviewAfter you log into the Web Configurator, the Network Map screen appears. This shows the network connection status of the Device and clients connected to it. You can use the Status screen to look at the current status of the Device, system resources, and interfaces (LAN, WAN, and WLAN). 5.2 The Network Map ScreenUse this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning message appears if there is a connection problem. If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing Mode selection box. You can configure how often you want the Device to update this screen in Refresh Interval.Figure 15 Network Map: Icon Mode Figure 16 Network Map: List Mode

Chapter 5 Network Map and Status ScreensVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide72In Icon Mode, if you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and Info. Click the IP address if you want to change it. If you want to change the name or icon of the client, click Change icon/name. In List Mode, you can also view the client’s information.5.3 The Status Screen Use this screen to view the status of the Device. Click Status to open this screen.Figure 17 Status Screen

Chapter 5 Network Map and Status ScreensVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 73Each field is described in the following table.Table 5 Status ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONRefresh Interval Select how often you want the Device to update this screen.Device InformationHost Name This field displays the Device system name. It is used for identification. Model NumberThis shows the model number of your Device.Firmware VersionThis is the current version of the firmware inside the Device. WAN Information (These fields display when you have a WAN connection.)WAN Type This field displays the current WAN connection type.MAC Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your Device.IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the Device in the WAN. Click Release to releaseyour IP address to 0.0.0.0. If you want to renew your IP address, click Renew.IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.Encapsulation This field displays the current encapsulation method.LAN InformationIP Address This is the current IP address of the Device in the LAN.IP Subnet MaskThis is the current subnet mask in the LAN.DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are:Server - The Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN.Relay - The Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients.None - The Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.MAC AddressThis shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your Device.WLAN InformationMAC AddressThis shows the wireless adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your Device. Status This displays whether WLAN is activated.SSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the Device in a wireless LAN. Channel This is the channel number used by the Device now.Security This displays the type of security mode the Device is using in the wireless LAN.802.11 ModeThis displays the type of 802.11 mode the Device is using in the wireless LAN.WPS This displays whether WPS is activated. SecurityFirewall This displays the firewall’s current security level.System StatusSystem UpTimeThis field displays how long the Device has been running since it last started up. The Devicestarts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or when you reset it.Current Date/TimeThis field displays the current date and time in the Device. You can change this inMaintenance> Time Setting.

Chapter 5 Network Map and Status ScreensVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide74System ResourceCPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the Device’s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the Device is running at full load, and the throughput isnot going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see Chapter 10 on page 159).Memory UsageThis field displays what percentage of the Device’s memory is currently used. Usually, thispercentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the Deviceis probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 34.2 on page 273, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.Table 5 Status Screen (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 75CHAPTER 6Broadband6.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses the Device’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure yourDevice for Internet access.A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.Figure 18 LAN and WAN3G (third generation) standards for the sending and receiving of voice, video, and data in a mobile environment. You can attach a 3G wireless adapter to the USB port and set the Device to use this 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connection fails.Figure 19 3G WAN Connection 6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure theWAN settings on the Device for Internet access (Section 6.2 on page 78).• Use the 3G Backup screen to configure 3G WAN connection (Section 6.3 on page 86). WAN

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide76• Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR functions (Section 6.4 on page 90). • Use the 8021x screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1x settings on the Device (Section 6.5on page 92). 6.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.Encapsulation MethodEncapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for userauthentication.WAN IP AddressThe WAN IP address is an IP address for the Device, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the Device tries to access the Internet.If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es).ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Table 6 WAN Setup OverviewLAYER-2 INTERFACE INTERNET CONNECTIONCONNECTION DSL LINK TYPE MODE ENCAPSULATION CONNECTION SETTINGSADSL/VDSL over PTMN/A Routing PPPoE PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTUIPoE IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS,and MTUBridge N/A VLAN and QoSADSL over ATM EoA Routing PPPoE/PPP0A ATM PCV configuration, PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTUIPoE/IPoA ATM PCV configuration, IPv4/IPv6IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTUBridge N/A ATM PCV configuration, and QoS

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 77Service) can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC) between Finding Out MorePTMPacket Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM,packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as analternative to ATM.3G 3G (Third Generation) is a digital, packet-switched wireless technology. Bandwidth usage is optimized as multiple users share the same channel and bandwidth is only allocated to users when they send data. It allows fast transfer of voice and non-voice data and provides broadband Internet access to mobile devices. IPv6 IntroductionIPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses. The Device can use IPv4/IPv6 dual stack to connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and supports IPv6 rapid deployment (6RD). IPv6 AddressingThe 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0. • Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015, 2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.IPv6 Prefix and Prefix LengthSimilar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide78IPv6 Subnet MaskingBoth an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are dividedinto eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for eachcharacter (1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example, FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.6.1.3 Before You BeginYou need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this information from your ISP.6.2 The Broadband ScreenUse this screen to change your Device’s Internet access settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband from the menu. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services (connections) on the Device.Figure 20 Network Setting > Broadband The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Network Setting > BroadbandLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new WAN InterfaceClick this button to create a new connection.# This is the index number of the entry.Name This is the service name of the connection.Type This shows whether it is an ATM, PTM, or Ethernet connection.Mode This shows whether the connection is in routing or bridge mode.Encapsulation This is the method of encapsulation used by this connection. 802.1p This indicates the 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. Thisdisplays N/A when there is no priority level assigned.802.1q This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. Thisdisplays N/A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned.IGMP Proxy This shows whether the Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection.NAT This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection.DefaultGatewayThis shows whether the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the systemdefault gateway.IPv6 This shows whether IPv6 is activated or not for this connection. IPv6 is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 796.2.1 Add/Edit Internet ConnectionClick Add new WAN Interface in the Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN interface to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the interface type, mode, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode you select.6.2.1.1 Routing ModeUse Routing mode if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. The following example screen displays when you select the ADSL over ATM connection type, Routing mode, and PPPoE encapsulation. The screen varies when you select other interface type, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode.Figure 21 Routing ModeMLD Proxy This shows whether Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is activated or not for thisconnection. MLD is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.Click the Delete icon to remove the WAN connection.Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide80The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 8 Routing ModeLABEL DESCRIPTIONGeneralActive Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings.Name Specify a descriptive name for this connection.Type Select whether it is an ADSL/VDSL over PTM or ADSL over ATM connection.Mode Select Routing if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. This option is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field. The choices depend on the connection type you selected. If your connection type is ADSL/VDSL over PTM, the choices are PPPoE and IPoE. If your connection type is ADSL overATM, the choices are PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE and IPoA. IPv6/IPv4 Mode Select IPv4 Only if you want the Device to run IPv4 only.Select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack to allow the Device to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.Select IPv6 Only if you want the Device to run IPv6 only.ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.DSL Link Type This field is not editable. The selection depends on the setting in the Encapsulation field.EoA (Ethernet over ATM) uses an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods.PPPoA (PPP over ATM) allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC.IPoA (IP over ATM) allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC.Encapsulation ModeSelect the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:•LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated byidentifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only whenyou select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field. •VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To transport multiple protocols, the Device needs separate VCs. There is a bindingbetween a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each ProtocolData Unit (PDU) payload.•LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. Thisis available only when you select PPPoA in the Encapsulation field.•LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header is prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can be followed by an IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This isavailable only when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 81ServiceCategorySelect UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive,such as e-mail.Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or datatraffic. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.SustainableCell RateThe Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can betransmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0cells/sec.This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.Maximum Burst SizeMaximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.PPP InformationThis is available only when you select PPPoE or PPPoA in the Mode field.PPP User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.PPP Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.PPP Auto ConnectSelect this option if you do not want the connection to time out.IDLE Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server.This field is not configurable if you select PPP Auto Connect.PPPoE ServiceNameEnter the name of your PPPoE service here.PPPoEPassthroughThis field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation.In addition to the Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allowup to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate.Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE clientsoftware on their computers to connect to the ISP.IP Address This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.Obtain an IP Address AutomaticallyA static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if youhave a dynamic IP address.Static IPAddress Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.SubnetMaskEnter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.Table 8 Routing Mode (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide82Gateway IPAddressEnter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.Routing Feature This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.NAT Enable Select this option to activate NAT on this connection.IGMP Proxy EnableInternet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.Select this option to have the Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allowsthe Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for eachmulticast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.Apply as DefaultGatewaySelect this option to have the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the systemdefault gateway.DNS Server This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.DNS Select Dynamic if you want the Device use the DNS server addresses assigned by your ISP.Select Static if you want the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.DNS Server 1 Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.DNS Server 2 Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.IPv6 Address This is available only when you select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.IPv6 Address Select Automatic if you want to have the Device use the IPv6 prefix from the connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address. Select the Get IPv6 Address From DHCPv6 Server checkbox if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server. The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority over the IP address automatically generated by the Device using the IPv6 prefix from an RA. This option is available only when you choose to get your IPv6 address automatically.Select Static if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.WAN IPv6Address Enter the IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.PrefixLength Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 addresscompose the network address.Next Hop Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same segment as your Device's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to theirdestinations.IPv6 RoutingFeatureYou can enable IPv6 routing features in the following section.MLD Proxy EnableSelect this checkbox to have the Device act as an MLD proxy on this connection. This allowsthe Device to get subscription information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.Apply as DefaultGatewaySelect this option to have the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the systemdefault gateway.IPv6 DNSServerConfigure the IPv6 DNS server in the following section.Table 8 Routing Mode (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 836.2.1.2 Bridge ModeClick the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to the connection you want to configure. Select Bridge as the encapsulation mode. The screen varies depending on the interface type you select. IPv6 DNS Select Dynamic to have the Device get the IPv6 DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.Select Static to have the Device use the IPv6 DNS server addresses you configuremanually.IPv6 DNSServer 1Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.IPv6 DNSServer 2Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.VLAN These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL/VDSL over PTM.Active Select this option to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through thisconnection.802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer framethat contains bits to define class of service. Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.QoSRate Limit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this connection.MTUMTU Size Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 8 Routing Mode (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide84If you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface type, the following screen appears.Figure 22 Bridge Mode (ADSL/VDSL over PTM)The following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 9 Bridge Mode (ADSL/VDSL over PTM)LABEL DESCRIPTIONGeneralActive Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings.Name Enter a service name of the connection.Type Select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface that you want to configure. The Device uses the VDSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s).VLAN This section is available only when you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM in the Type field.Active Select this to add the VLAN Tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through thisconnection.802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer framethat contains bits to define class of service. Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection.The greater the number, the higher the priority level.802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.QoSRate Limit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this connection.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 85If you select ADSL over ATM as the interface type, the following screen appears.Figure 23 Bridge Mode (ADSL over ATM)The following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 10 Bridge Mode (ADSL over ATM)LABEL DESCRIPTIONGeneralActive Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings.Name Enter a service name of the connection.Type Select ADSL over ATM as the interface for which you want to configure here. The Deviceuses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s).ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.DSL Link Type This field is not editable. The selection depends on the setting in the Encapsulation field.EoA (Ethernet over ATM) uses an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can havemultiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its ownMAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods.PPPoA (PPP over ATM) allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC.IPoA (IP over ATM) allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide866.3 The 3G Backup ScreenUse this screen to configure your 3G settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup.Encapsulation ModeSelect the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:•LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field. •VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To transport multiple protocols, the Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each ProtocolData Unit (PDU) payload.•LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. Thisis available only when you select PPPoA in the Encapsulation field.•LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header is prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can befollowed by an IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This isavailable only when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field. ServiceCategorySelect UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or datatraffic. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connectionsthat require closely controlled delay and delay variation. Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate(PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.Thisfield is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.Sustainable Cell RateThe Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can betransmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0cells/sec.This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.Maximum BurstSizeMaximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.QoSRate Limit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this connection.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 10 Bridge Mode (ADSL over ATM) (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 87Note: The actual data rate you obtain varies depending the 3G card you use, the signalstrength to the service provider’s base station, and so on.Figure 24 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide88The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G BackupLABEL DESCRIPTIONGeneral3G Backup Select Enable to have the Device use the 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connection fails.Ping Check Select Enable if you want the Device to ping check the connection status of your WAN. You can configure the frequency of the ping check and number of consecutive failures before triggering 3G backup.Check Cycle Enter the frequency of the ping check in this field.Consecutive FailEnter how many consecutive failures are required before 3G backup is triggered.Ping Default GatewaySelect this to have the Device ping the WAN interface’s default gateway IP address.Ping the Host Select this to have the Device ping the particular host name or IP address you typed in this field.3G Connection SettingsCarddescriptionThis field displays the manufacturer and model name of your 3G card if you inserted one inthe Device. Otherwise, it displays N/A.Username Type the user name (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service provider.Password Type the password (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user nameabove.PIN A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a 3G card. Without the PIN code, you cannot use the 3G card.If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example)provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the 3G card may be blocked byyour ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet.If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank.Dial string Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provider’sbase station. Your ISP should provide the phone number.For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or 3G connection in Taiwan.APN Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections withdifferent APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-MediaMessaging Service)) and charge method.You can enter up to 32 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed. Connection Select Nailed UP if you do not want the connection to time out.Select on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field.Max IdleTimeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the Device automaticallydisconnects from the ISP.Obtain an IP Address AutomaticallySelect this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Use thefollowing staticIP addressSelect this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IPaddress.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 89Obtain DNS info dynamicallySelect this to have the Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.Use thefollowing staticDNS IP addressSelect this to have the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.Primary DNSserverEnter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.Secondary DNSserverEnter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.Advanced Click this to show the advanced 3G backup settings.Budget SetupEnable Budget ControlSelect Enable to set a monthly limit for the user account of the installed 3G card. You canset a limit on the total traffic and/or call time. The Device takes the actions you specified when a limit is exceeded during the month.Time Budget Select this and specify the amount of time (in hours) that the 3G connection can be usedwithin one month. If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control,the Device resets the statistics.Data Budget (Mbytes)Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in Mega bytes) can betransmitted via the 3G connection within one month.Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Device).Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Device to the ISP).If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets thestatistics.Data Budget (kPackets)Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in k Packets) can betransmitted via the 3G connection within one month.Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Device).Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Device to the ISP).If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets thestatistics.Reset allbudget counters on Select the date on which the Device resets the budget every month. Select last if you wantthe Device to reset the budget on the last day of the month. Select specific and enter the number of the date you want the Device to reset the budget Reset time anddata budgetcountersClick this button to reset the time and data budgets immediately. The count starts over withthe 3G connection’s full configured monthly time and data budgets. This does not affect thenormal monthly budget restart; so if you configured the time and data budget counters to reset on the second day of the month and you use this button on the first, the time and data budget counters will still reset on the second.Actions before over budget Specify the actions the Device takes before the time or data limit exceeds.Enable % of time budget/data budget(Mbytes)/data budget (kPackets)Select Enable and enter a number from 1 to 99 in the percentage fields. If you change thevalue after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the statistics.Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide906.4 The Advanced ScreenUse the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR functions. The Device supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is a retransmission scheme designed to provide protection against noise on the DSL line. It improves voice, video and data transmission resilience by utilizing a retransmission buffer.Actions whenover budgetSpecify the actions the Device takes when the time or data limit is exceeded. Current 3G connection Select Keep to maintain an existing 3G connection or Drop to disconnect it. Enable Email NotificationSelect this to enable the e-mail notification function. The Device will e-mail you a notification when there over budget occurs.Mail Server Select a mail server for the e-mail address specified below.If you do not select a mail server, e-mail notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. You musthave configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.Over Budget Email TitleType a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the Devicesends.SendNotification to EmailNotifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank, notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.Interval Enter the interval of how many minutes you want the Device to e-mail you.Enable Log Select this to activate the logging function at the interval you set in this field. Basic Click this to hide the advanced settings of 3G backup.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 91Click Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced to display the following screen.Figure 25 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced (VMG1312-B10A)Figure 26 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced (VMG1312-B30A) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12 Network Setting > Network Setting > BroadbandLABEL DESCRIPTIONPTM over ADSL Select Enable to use PTM over ADSL. Since PTM has less overhead than ATM, some ISPsuse PTM over ADSL for better performance.Annex MAnnex JYou can enable Annex M or Annex J for the Device to use double upstream mode toincrease the maximum upstream transfer rate.PhyR US Enable or disable PhyR US (upstream) for upstream transmission to the WAN. PhyR USshould be enabled if data being transmitted upstream is sensitive to noise. However,enabling PhyR US can decrease the US line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled.PhyR DS Enable or disable PhyR DS (downstream) for downstream transmission from the WAN. PhyR DS should be enabled if data being transmitted downstream is sensitive to noise. However, enabling PhyR DS can decrease the DS line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide926.5 The 8021x ScreenYou can view and configure the 802.1x authentication settings in the 8021x screen. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 8021x to display the following screen.Figure 27 Network Setting > Broadband > 8021xThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 Network Setting > Network Setting > 8021xLABEL DESCRIPTION# This is the index number of the entry.Status This field displays whether the authentication is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies thatthis authentication is active. A gray bulb signifies that this authentication is not active.Interface This is the interface that uses the authentication. This displays N/A when there is nointerface assigned.EAP Identity This shows the EAP identity of the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no EAPidentity assigned.EAP method This shows the EAP method used in the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no EAP method assigned.Bidirectional AuthenticationThis shows whether bidirectional authentication is allowed.Certificate This shows the certificate used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is no certificate assigned.Trusted CA This shows the Trusted CA used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is noTrusted CA assigned.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 936.5.1 Edit 802.1x Settings Use this screen to edit a 802.1x authentication’s settings. Click the Edit icon next to the rule you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.Figure 28 802.1x: Add/EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen. 6.6 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the Device features described in this chapter.EncapsulationBe sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The Device can work in bridge modeor routing mode. When the Device is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.Table 14 802.1x: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive This field allows you to activate/deactivate the authentication.Select this to enable the authentication. Clear this to disable this authentication without having to delete the entry.Interface Select the interface that uses the authentication.EAP Identity Enter the EAP identity of the authentication.EAP method This is the EAP method used for this authentication.EnableBidirectional AuthenticationSelect this to allow bidirectional authentication.Certificate Select the certificate you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the certificate in the Security > Certificates > Local Certificates screen.Trusted CA Select the Trusted CA you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import thecertificate in the Security > Certificates > Trusted CA screen.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide94IP over Ethernet IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells. PPP over ATM (PPPoA)PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The Device encapsulates the PPP session based onRFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS).One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.By implementing PPPoE directly on the Device (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.RFC 1483RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.MultiplexingThere are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure touse the multiplexing method required by your ISP.VC-based Multiplexing

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 95In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.LLC-based MultiplexingIn this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.Traffic ShapingTraffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections.Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter maybe lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteedbecause it is dependent on the line speed.Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the PCR.Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates to your upstream line rate. The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.Figure 29 Example of Traffic Shaping

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide96ATM Traffic ClassesThese are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification. Constant Bit Rate (CBR)Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and voice.Variable Bit Rate (VBR) The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time(VBR-nRT) connections. The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics. The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer.IP Address AssignmentA static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you haveeither a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and default gateway.Introduction to VLANs A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than onegroup. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 97VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and moremanageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain. Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame)and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the prioritylevel is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094. MulticastIP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.At start up, the Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the Device periodically updates this information.DNS Server Address AssignmentUse Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely TPID 2 BytesUser Priority 3 BitsCFI1 BitVLAN ID12 Bits

Chapter 6 BroadbandVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide98important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the Device’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.IPv6 AddressingThe 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0. • Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015, 2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.IPv6 Prefix and Prefix LengthSimilar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 99CHAPTER 7Wireless7.1 Overview This chapter describes the Device’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your Device’s wireless connection.7.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThis section describes the Device’s Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your Device’swireless connection.• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode (Section 7.2 on page 100).• Use the More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your Device (Section 7.3 on page 107).• Use the MAC Authentication screen to allow or deny wireless clients based on their MAC addresses from connecting to the Device (Section 7.4 on page 109).• Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) (Section 7.5 on page 110).• Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless networks for multimedia applications (Section 7.6 on page 112). • Use the WDS screen to set up a Wireless Distribution System, in which the Device acts as a bridge with other ZyXEL access points (Section 7.7 on page 113).• Use the Others screen to configure wireless advanced features, such as the RTS/CTS Threshold (Section 7.8 on page 115).• Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results (Section 7.9 on page 117).

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1007.1.2 What You Need to KnowWireless Basics“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchangeinformation with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networkingdevices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications inthat there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.Finding Out MoreSee Section 7.10 on page 117 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.7.2 The General Screen Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.Note: If you are configuring the Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the Device’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the Device’s new settings.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide102Bandwidth Select whether the Device uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or 40MHz.A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps.40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increasethroughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal. Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.Control SidebandThis is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth field to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the Channel field) should be in the Lower or Upper range of channel bands.Passphrase TypeIf you set security for the wireless LAN and have the Device generate a password, the setting in this field determines how the Device generates the password.Select None to set the Device’s password generation to not be based on a passphrase. Select Fixed to use a 16 character passphrase for generating a password.Select Variable to use a 16 to 63 character passphrase for generating a password.Passphrase Key For a fixed type passphrase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). Itmust contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with nospaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.Wireless Network SettingsWirelessNetwork Name (SSID)The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device isassociated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannotobtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.Client Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with each other through the Device. MBSSID/LANIsolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with clients in otherSSIDs or wired LAN devices through the Device.Select both Client Isolation and MBSSID/LAN Isolation to allow this SSID’s wireless clients to only connect to the Internet through the Device.EnhancedMulticastForwardingSelect this check box to allow the Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wirelessunicast traffic.BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the Device when wireless LAN is enabled.Maximum BandwidthSpecify the maximum rate for wireless traffic in kilobits per second (Kbps).Security LevelSecurity Mode Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on thiswireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the Device. When you select to use a security, additionaloptions appears in this screen. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data encryption or authentication.See the following sections for more details about this field.Table 15 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1037.2.1 No SecuritySelect No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption or authentication.Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your Device, your network isaccessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.Figure 31 Wireless > General: No SecurityThe following table describes the labels in this screen.7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption)WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points (AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using widely-available software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the wireless devices in your network support. For example, use WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK if all your wireless devices support it, or use WPA or WPA2 if your wireless devices support it and you have a RADIUS server. If your wireless devices support nothing stronger than WEP, use the highest encryption level available.Your Device allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can beenabled at any one time.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 15 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 16 Wireless > General: No SecurityLABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Level Choose No Security to allow all wireless connections without data encryption orauthentication.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide104In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen, then select Basic as the security level.Figure 32 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP) The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 17 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)LABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Level Select Basic to enable WEP data encryption.Generatepassword automaticallySelect this option to have the Device automatically generate a password. The password field will not be configurable when you select this option.Password 1~4 The password (WEP keys) are used to encrypt data. Both the Device and the wireless stations must use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission.If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one password, only one password can be activated at any onetime. The default password is Passowrd 1.more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them.WEP Encryption Select 64-bits or 128-bits.This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1057.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the Device and the connecting client share a commonpassword in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strongas WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version ofthe WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it less robust than it could be. Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.Figure 33 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSKThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 18 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSKLABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.Generatepassword automaticallySelect this option to have the Device automatically generate a password. The password field will not be configurable when you select this option.Password The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The onlydifference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.If you did not select Generate password automatically, you can manually type a pre-shared key from 8 to 64 case-sensitive keyboard characters.more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them.WPA-PSK CompatibleThis field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode.Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to yourDevice. The Device supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1067.2.4 WPA(2) AuthenticationThe WPA2 security mode is currently the most robust form of encryption for wireless networks. Itrequires a RADIUS server to authenticate user credentials and is a full implementation the securityprotocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your network. However, it is the least backwards compatible with older devices.The WPA security mode is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the presence of a RADIUS serveron your network in order to validate user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices.Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list.Figure 34 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)The following table describes the labels in this screen.Encryption Select the encryption type (AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.Group Key Update TimerThe Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to all clients.Table 18 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)LABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.Authentication Server

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1077.3 The More AP ScreenThis screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the Device.Click Network Setting > Wireless > More AP. The following screen displays.Figure 35 Network Setting > Wireless > More APIP Address Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation.PortNumberEnter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do sowith additional information. Shared SecretEnter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between theexternal authentication server and the Device.The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your Device. The key isnot sent over the network.more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them.WPA CompatibleThis field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the Device to support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously.Encryption Select the encryption type (AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.WPA2 Pre-AuthenticationThis field is available only when you select WPA2.Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. Select Enabled to turn on preauthentication in WAP2. Otherwise, select Disabled.Network Re-auth IntervalSpecify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order tostay connected.If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority.Group Key Update TimerThe Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to all clients.Table 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1097.4 MAC Authentication This screen allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific devices (Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the ZyXEL Device (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen.Passphrase TypeIf you set security for the wireless LAN and have the Device generate a password, the setting in this field determines how the Device generates the password.Select None to set the Device’s password generation to not be based on a passphrase. Select Fixed to use a 16 character passphrase for generating a password.Select Variable to use a 16 to 63 character passphrase for generating a password.Passphrase Key For a fixed type passphrase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). Itmust contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with nospaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.Wireless Network SettingsWirelessNetwork Name (SSID)The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device isassociated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.Client Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with each other.MBSSID/LANIsolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with clients in otherSSIDs or LAN devices.EnhancedMulticastForwardingSelect this check box to allow the Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless unicast traffic.Maximum BandwidthSpecify the maximum rate for wireless traffic in kilobits per second (Kbps).Security LevelSecurity Mode Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the Device. After you select to use a security, additionaloptions appears in this screen. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any dataencryption or authentication.See Section 7.2.1 on page 103 for more details about this field.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 21 More AP: Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide110Use this screen to view your Device’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules. Click Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown.Figure 37 Wireless > MAC AuthenticationThe following table describes the labels in this screen.7.5 The WPS ScreenUse this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your Device.WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS. See Section 7.10.9.3 on page 126 for more information about WPS.Table 22 Wireless > MAC AuthenticationLABEL DESCRIPTIONSSID Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.MAC Restrict Mode Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table.Select Disable to turn off MAC filtering.Select Deny to block access to the Device. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the Device.Select Allow to permit access to the Device. MAC addresses not listed will be denied accessto the Device. Add new MAC addressClick this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below.Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.# This is the index number of the entry.MAC Address This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the Device.Modify Click the Delete icon to delete the entry.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1127.6 The WMM ScreenUse this screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Power Save in wireless networks for multimedia applications.Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays.Figure 39 Network Setting > Wireless > WMMThe following table describes the labels in this screen.ReleaseConfigurationThe default WPS status is configured.Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the Device.GenerateNew PINNumberThe PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the Device is shown here. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.Click the Generate New PIN Number button to have the Device create a new PIN.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 23 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WMMLABEL DESCRIPTIONWMM Select On to have the Device automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.WMM AutomaticPower SaveDeliverySelect this option to extend the battery life of your mobile devices (especially useful for small devices that are running multimedia applications). The Device goes to sleep mode tosave power when it is not transmitting data. The AP buffers the packets sent to the Device until the Device "wakes up". The Device wakes up periodically to check for incoming data.Note: Note: This works only if the wireless device to which the Device is connected also supports this feature.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1137.7 The WDS ScreenAn AP using the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) can function as a wireless network bridgeallowing you to wirelessly connect two wired network segments. The WDS screen allows you to configure the Device to connect to two or more APs wirelessly when WDS is enabled. Use this screen to set up your WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links between the Device and other wireless APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device. Once the securitysettings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made. Note: WDS security is independent of the security settings between the Device and any wireless clients.Note: At the time of writing, WDS is compatible with other ZyXEL APs only. Not all models support WDS links. Check your other AP’s documentation.Click Network Setting > Wireless > WDS. The following screen displays.Figure 40 Network Setting > Wireless > WDSThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WDSLABEL DESCRIPTIONWireless Bridge SetupAP Mode Select the operating mode for your Device.•Access Point - The Device functions as a bridge and access point simultaneously. •Wireless Bridge - The Device acts as a wireless network bridge and establishes wireless links with other APs. In this mode, clients cannot connect to the Devicewirelessly.Bridge Restrict This field is available only when you set operating mode to Access Point.Select Enabled to turn on WDS and enter the peer device’s MAC address manually in the table below. Select Disable to turn off WDS.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1147.7.1 WDS ScanYou can click the Scan icon in Wireless > WDS to have the Device automatically search and display the available APs within range. Select an AP and click Apply to have the Device establish a wireless link with the selected wireless device. Figure 41 WDS: ScanThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Remote Bridge MAC AddressYou can enter the MAC address of the peer device by clicking the Edit icon under Modify. # This is the index number of the entry.MAC Address This shows the MAC address of the peer device. You can connect to up to 4 peer devices.Modify Click the Edit icon and type the MAC address of the peer device in a valid MAC address format (six hexadecimal character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc).Click the Delete icon to remove this entry.Scan Click the Scan icon to search and display the available APs within range.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 26 WDS: ScanLABEL DESCRIPTIONWireless Bridge Scan SetupRefresh Click Refresh to update the table.# This is the index number of the entry.SSID This shows the SSID of the available wireless device within range.BSSID This shows the MAC address of the available wireless device within range.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1157.8 The Others ScreenUse this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless > Others. The screen appears as shown.See Section 7.10.2 on page 119 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen.Figure 42 Network Setting > Wireless > OthersThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 Network Setting > Wireless > OthersLABEL DESCRIPTIONRTS/CTS ThresholdData with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake.Enter a value between 0 and 2347. Fragmentation ThresholdThis is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2346. Auto Channel TimerIf you set the channel to Auto in the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen, specify the interval in minutes for how often the Device scans for the best channel. Enter 0 to disable the periodical scan.Output Power Set the output power of the Device. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or 100%. Beacon Interval When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval. This specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again.The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low powermode before waking up to handle the beacon. This value can be set from20ms to 1000ms.A high value helps save current consumption of the access point.DTIM Interval Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Power Saving mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1 to 100.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide116802.11 Mode Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate withthe Device.Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate withthe Device.Select 802.11n Only to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate withthe Device.Select 802.11b/g Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLANdevices to associate with the Device. The transmission rate of your Device might bereduced.Select 802.11b/g/n Mixed to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Device. The transmission rate of your Devicemight be reduced.802.11 ProtectionEnabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks (networks withboth IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance.Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your Device might bereduced in a mixed-mode network.This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b Only.Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list box. Choices are Long or Short. See Section 7.10.7 on page 123 for more information.This field is configurable only when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 27 Network Setting > Wireless > Others (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1177.9 The Channel Status ScreenUse the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results. Click Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status. The screen appears as shown. Click Scan to scan the wireless LAN channels. You can view the results in the Channel Scan Result section.Figure 43 Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status7.10 Technical ReferenceThis section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see Appendix D on page 327.7.10.1 Wireless Network OverviewWireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges. • A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer. • An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network. • A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a network’s range. Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide118• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one another in order to exchange information.The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.Figure 44 Example of a Wireless NetworkThe wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. YourDevice is the AP.Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.Radio ChannelsIn the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 119variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select a channel to use. Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available channels also varies. 7.10.2 Additional Wireless TermsThe following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the Device’s Web Configurator.7.10.3 Wireless Security OverviewBy their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it.These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have beenauthenticated are given the code key.These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if youuse a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.Table 28 Additional Wireless TermsTERM DESCRIPTIONRTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes notaware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the APat the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices mustsometimes get permission to send information to the Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission.If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), thenwireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the Device.Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamblemodes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the Devicedoes, it cannot communicate with the Device.Authentication The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network.Fragmentation ThresholdA small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide120Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who havesensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is in place.A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscureinformation that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network.7.10.3.1 SSIDNormally, the Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.7.10.3.2 MAC Address FilterEvery device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.You can use the MAC address filter to tell the Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of anauthorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.7.10.3.3 User AuthenticationAuthentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized 1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 121wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.7.10.3.4 EncryptionWireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message.The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 7.10.3.3 on page 120 for information about this.)For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, orWPA2-PSK.Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the Device and you do not havea RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your Device, you can also select an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and somesupport WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the Device.Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.7.10.4 Signal ProblemsBecause wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption.Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are Table 29 Types of Encryption for Each Type of AuthenticationNO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVERWeakest No Security WPAStatic WEPWPA-PSKStrongest WPA2-PSK WPA2

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide122coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.7.10.5 BSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other.When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.Figure 45 Basic Service set7.10.6 MBSSIDTraditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The Device’sMBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or securitymodes to different SSIDs.Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.7.10.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 123• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not communicate with each other).• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.7.10.7 Preamble TypePreamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications.Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the Device uses long preamble.Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.7.10.8 Wireless Distribution System (WDS)The Device can act as a wireless network bridge and establish WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links with other APs. You need to know the MAC addresses of the APs you want to link to. Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made.At the time of writing, WDS security is compatible with other ZyXEL access points only. Refer to your other access point’s documentation for details.The following figure illustrates how WDS link works between APs. Notebook computer A is a wireless client connecting to access point AP 1. AP 1 has no wired Internet connection, but it canestablish a WDS link with access point AP 2, which has a wired Internet connection. When AP 1has a WDS link with AP 2, the notebook computer can access the Internet through AP 2.Figure 46 WDS Link Example7.10.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)Your Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.WDSAP 2AP 1A

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide124WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Bothdevices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves.7.10.9.1 Push Button ConfigurationWPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enableddevice, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information. Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.1Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.2Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the Device, see Section 7.6 on page 112).3Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the Device you must press theWPS button for more than three seconds.4Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’sconfiguration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.7.10.9.2 PIN ConfigurationEach WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clickingon a button in the configuration interface). Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN method.When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client)into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1251Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.2Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this. 3Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the Device, see Section 7.5 on page 110).4Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.5If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which. 6Start WPS on both devices within two minutes. 7Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.8On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS was successful.If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide126The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.Figure 47 Example WPS Process: PIN Method7.10.9.3 How WPS WorksWhen two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, itsends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.ENROLLEESECURE EAP TUNNELSSIDWPA(2)-PSKWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONThis device’s WPSEnter WPS PIN WPSfrom other device: WPS PIN: 123456WPSSTARTWPSSTARTREGISTRAR

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 127The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.Figure 48 How WPS worksThe roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device.Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.7.10.9.4 Example WPS Network SetupThis section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1SECURE TUNNELSECURITY INFOWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONACTIVATEWPSACTIVATEWPSWPS HANDSHAKEREGISTRARENROLLEE

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide128is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.Figure 49 WPS: Example Network Step 1In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security information to Client 2.Figure 50 WPS: Example Network Step 2REGISTRARENROLLEESECURITY INFOCLIENT 1 AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 1 AP1ENROLLEECLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITY INFO

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 129In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.Figure 51 WPS: Example Network Step 37.10.9.5 Limitations of WPSWPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. • WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS.WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-sharedkey from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).CLIENT 1 AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITYINFOENROLLEEAP2EXISTINGCONNECTION

Chapter 7 WirelessVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide130• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 131CHAPTER 8Home Networking8.1 OverviewA Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices are connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your Device (Section 8.2 on page 133).• Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses (Section 8.3 on page 136).• Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP and UPnP NAT traversal on the Device (Section 8.4 on page138).• Use the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP (Section 8.5 on page139).• Use the STB Vendor ID screen to have the Device automatically create static DHCP entries for Set Top Box (STB) devices when they request IP addresses (Section 8.8 on page 148)• Use the 5th Ethernet Port screen to configure the Ethernet WAN port as a LAN port (Section 8.9 on page 148).• Use the LAN VLAN screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent out through individual LAN ports (Section 8.10 on page 149).DSLLAN

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1328.1.2 What You Need To Know8.1.2.1 About LANIP AddressIP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across thenetwork. These networking devices are also known as hosts.Subnet MaskSubnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.DHCPA DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your Device an IP address, subnet mask, DNS and other routing information when it's turned on.DNSDNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a networking device before you can access it.RADVD (Router Advertisement Daemon)When an IPv6 host sends a Router Solicitation (RS) request to discover the available routers, RADVD with Router Advertisement (RA) messages in response to the request. It specifies the minimum and maximum intervals of RA broadcasts. RA messages containing the address prefix. IPv6 hosts can be generated with the IPv6 prefix an IPv6 address.8.1.2.2 About UPnPIdentifying UPnP DevicesUPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnPcompatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. NAT TraversalUPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:• Dynamic port mapping• Learning public IP addresses

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 133• Assigning lease times to mappingsWindows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the Chapter 11 on page 177 for more information on NAT.Cautions with UPnPThe automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only.All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. UPnP and ZyXELZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0. See Section 8.5 on page 139 for examples of installing and using UPnP.Finding Out MoreSee Section 8.11 on page 150 for technical background information on LANs.8.1.3 Before You BeginFind out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List screen.8.2 The LAN Setup ScreenUse this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your Device. Click Network Setting > Home Networking to open the LAN Setup screen. Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings.1Enter an IP address into the IP Address field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation. This will become the IP address of your Device.2Enter the IP subnet mask into the IP Subnet Mask field. Unless instructed otherwise it is best to leave this alone, the configurator will automatically compute a subnet mask based upon the IP address you entered.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1343Click Apply to save your settings.Figure 52 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN SetupThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 30 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONInterface GroupGroup Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure LAN settings. See Chapter 13 on page 197 for how to create a new interface group.LAN IP SetupIP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your Device in dotted decimal notation, forexample, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example255.255.255.0 (factory default). Your Device automatically computes the subnet maskbased on the IP Address you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed todo so.IGMP SnoopingStatus Select the Enable IGMP Snooping checkbox to allows the Device to passively learn multicast group.IGMP Mode Select Standard Mode to have the Device forward multicast packets to a port that joins the multicast group and broadcast unknown multicast packets from the WAN to all LAN ports.Select Blocking Mode to have the Device block all unknown multicast packets from the WAN.DHCP Server StateDHCP Select Enable to have the Device act as a DHCP server or DHCP relay agent. Select Disable to stop the DHCP server on the Device. Select DHCP Relay to have the Device forward DHCP request to the DHCP server.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 135DHCP Relay Server AddressThis field is only available when you select DHCP Relay in the DHCP field. IP Address Enter the IP address of the actual remote DHCP server in this field.IP Addressing ValuesThis field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field. Beginning IPAddressThis field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.Ending IPAddressThis field specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.DHCP Server Lease TimeThis is the period of time DHCP-assigned addresses is used. DHCP automatically assigns IPaddresses to clients when they log in. DHCP centralizes IP address management on central computers that run the DHCP server program. DHCP leases addresses, for a period of time, which means that past addresses are “recycled” and made available for future reassignment to other systems.This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field. Days/Hours/MinutesEnter the lease time of the DHCP server.DNS Values This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field. DNS Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider. Select Dynamic if you have the Dynamic DNS service. Select Static if you have the Static DNS service. DNS Server 1DNS Server 2Enter the first and second DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the Device passes to the DHCP clients.LAN IPv6 Mode SetupIPv6 State Select Enable to activate the IPv6 mode and configure IPv6 settings on the Device.LAN IPv6 Address SetupDelegate prefix from WANSelect this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the service provider or an uplink router.Static Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 address for the Device’s LAN IPv6 address.ULA IPv6 Address SetupIPv6 Address If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 address prefix that the Device uses for the LAN IPv6 address.Prefix Length If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 prefix length that the Device uses togenerate the LAN IPv6 address.An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (starting from the left) in the address compose the network address. This field displays the bit number of the IPv6 subnetmask.MLD Snooping Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presenceof MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicastgroups the hosts want to join on its network. Select Enable MLD Snooping to activate MLD Snooping on the Device. This allows the Device to check MLD packets passing through it and learn the multicast group membership. It helps reduce multicast traffic.Table 30 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1368.3 The Static DHCP ScreenThis table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based ontheir MAC Addresses. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.LAN IPv6Address AssignSetupSelect how you want to obtain an IPv6 address:•stateless + DNS send by RADVD: The Device uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. RADVD (Router Advertisement Daemon) is enabled to have the Device send IPv6 prefixinformation in router advertisements periodically and in response to router solicitations.DHCPv6 server is disabled. (See page 132 for more information on RADVD.)•stateless + DNS send by DHCPv6: The Device uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. The DNS is provided by a DHCPv6 server.•stateful + DHCPv6 server: The Device uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. The DHCPv6 server is enabled to have the Device act as a DHCPv6 server and pass IPv6 addresses, DNS server and domain name information to DHCPv6 clients.•stateful + DHCPv6 relay: The Device uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. DHCPv6Relay is enabled to have the Device relay client DHCPv6 requests. DHCPv6 ConfigurationDHCPv6 State This shows the status of the DHCPv6.IPv6 DNS ValuesIPv6 DNSServer 1-3Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns IPv6 DNS server information.Select User-Defined if you have the IPv6 address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server IPv6 addresses the Device passes to the DHCP clients.Select None if you do not want to configure IPv6 DNS servers.IPv6 Address ValuesIPv6 Start AddressIf DHCPv6 is enabled, specify the first IPv6 address in the pool of addresses that can be assigned to DHCPv6 clients.IPv6 EndAddressIf DHCPv6 is enabled, specify the last IPv6 address in the pool of addresses that can beassigned to DHCPv6 clients.IPv6 DomainNameIf DHCPv6 is enabled, specify the domain name to be assigned to DHCPv6 clients.IPv6 Router Advertisement StateRADVD State This shows the status of RADVD.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 30 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 137Use this screen to change your Device’s static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting > HomeNetworking > Static DHCP to open the following screen.Figure 53 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP The following table describes the labels in this screen.If you click Add new static lease in the Static DHCP screen or the Edit icon next to a static DHCP entry, the following screen displays.Figure 54 Static DHCP: Add/EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 31 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCPLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new static leaseClick this to add a new static DHCP entry.# This is the index number of the entry.Status This field displays whether the client is connected to the Device.MAC Address The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address.IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.Modify Click the Edit icon to have the IP address field editable and change it.Click the Delete icon to delete a static DHCP entry. A window displays asking you toconfirm that you want to delete the selected entry.Table 32 Static DHCP: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select this to activate the connection between the client and the Device.Group Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure static DHCP settings.See Chapter 13 on page 197 for how to create a new interface group.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1388.4 The UPnP ScreenUniversal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.See page 132 for more information on UPnP.Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your Device. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP to display the screen shown next.Figure 55 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnPThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Select Device Info If you select Manual Input, you can manually type in the MAC address and IP address of a computer on your LAN. You can also choose the name of a computer from the drop listand have the MAC Address and IP Address auto-detected.MAC Address If you select Manual Input, enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.IP Address If you select Manual Input, enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 32 Static DHCP: Add/Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 33 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnPLABEL DESCRIPTIONUPnP Select Enable to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to openthe web configurator's login screen without entering the Device's IP address (although youmust still enter the password to access the web configurator).UPnP NAT-T Select Enable to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the Device sothat they can communicate through the Device by using NAT traversal. UPnP applicationsautomatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1398.5 Installing UPnP in Windows ExampleThis section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. Installing UPnP in Windows MeFollow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.2Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Add/Remove Programs: Window s Setup: CommunicationApply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 33 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1403In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. Add/Remove Programs: Window s Setup: Communication: C omponents4Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XPFollow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP.1Click Start and Control Panel. 2Double-click Network Connections.3In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select OptionalNetworking Components …. Network Connections

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1414The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. Windows Optional Networking Co mponents Wizard5In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box.Networking Services6Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 8.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP ExampleThis section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the Device.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide142Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the Device. Turn on your computer and the Device. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway.2Right-click the icon and select Properties. Network Connections3In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings therewere automatically created. Internet Connection Properties

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1434You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.Internet Connection Properties : Advanced SettingsInternet Connection Properties : Advanced Settings: Add5When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically.6Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. System Tray Icon

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1447Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.Internet Connection StatusWeb Configurator Easy AccessWith UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the Device without finding out the IP address of the Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the Device.Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.1Click Start and then Control Panel. 2Double-click Network Connections.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1453Select My Network Places under Other Places. Network Connections4An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. 5Right-click on the icon for your Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays.Network Connections: My Netw ork Places

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1466Right-click on the icon for your Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the Device. Network Connections: My Netw ork Places: Properties: Examp le

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1478.7 The Additional Subnet ScreenUse the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP. IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The Device supports multiple logical LAN interfaces via its physical Ethernet interface with the Device itself as the gateway for the LAN network. When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access to the LAN's logical network (subnet).If your ISP provides the Public LAN service, the Device may use an LAN IP address that can beaccessed from the WAN. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet to display the screen shown next.Figure 56 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional SubnetThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional SubnetLABEL DESCRIPTIONIP Alias SetupGroup Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure the IP alias settings. See Chapter 13 on page 197 for how to create a new interface group.Active Select the checkbox to configure a LAN network for the Device.IP Address Enter the IP address of your Device in dotted decimal notation. IP Subnet Mask Your Device will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the Device.Public LANActive Select the checkbox to enable the Public LAN feature. Your ISP must support Public LAN and Static IP. IP Address Enter the public IP address provided by your ISP.IP Subnet Mask Enter the public IP subnet mask provided by your ISP.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1488.8 The STB Vendor ID ScreenSet Top Box (STB) devices with dynamic IP addresses sometimes don’t renew their IP addresses before the lease time expires. This could lead to IP address conflicts if the STB continues to use anIP address that gets assigned to another device. Use this screen to list the Vendor IDs of connected STBs to have the Device automatically create static DHCP entries for them when they request IP addresses.Click Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID to open this screen. Figure 57 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor IDThe following table describes the labels in this screen. 8.9 The 5th Ethernet Port ScreenIf you are using DSL connection, you can configure your Ethernet WAN port as an extra LAN port. This fifth Ethernet port is a Gigabit port. Click Network Settings > Home Networking > 5th Ethernet Port to open this screen.Offer Public IP by DHCPSelect the checkbox to enable the Device to provide public IP addresses by DHCP server.Enable ARPProxySelect the checkbox to enable the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 35 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor IDLABEL DESCRIPTIONVendor ID 1 ~5Enter the STB’s vendor ID.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 149Figure 58 Network Settings > Home Networking > 5th Ethernet PortThe following table describes the fields in this screen. 8.10 The LAN VLAN ScreenClick Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN VLAN to open this screen. Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent out through individual LAN ports. Figure 59 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN VLANThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 36 Network Settings > Home Networking > 5th Ethernet PortLABEL DESCRIPTIONState Select Enable to use the Ethernet WAN port as a LAN port on the Device.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN VLANLABEL DESCRIPTIONLan Port These represent the Device’s LAN ports.Tag Operation Select what you want the Device to do to the IEEE 802.1q VLAN ID and priority tags ofdownstream traffic before sending it out through this LAN port.•Unchange - Don’t do anything to the traffic’s VLAN ID and priority tags.•Add - Add VLAN ID and priority tags to untagged traffic.•Remove - Delete one tag from tagged traffic. If the frame has double tags, this removes the outer tag. This does not affect untagged traffic.•Remark - Change the value of the outer VLAN ID and priority tags.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1508.11 Technical ReferenceThis section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.8.11.1 LANs, WANs and the DeviceThe actual physical connection determines whether the Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.Figure 60 LAN and WAN IP Addresses8.11.2 DHCP SetupDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. 802.1P Mark Use this option to set what to do for the IEEE 802.1p priority tags when you add or remark the tags for a LAN port’s downstream traffic. Either select Unchange to not modify the traffic’s priority tags or select an priority from 0 to 7 to use. The larger the number, the higher the priority.VLAN ID If you will add or remark tags for this LAN port’s downstream traffic, specify the VLAN ID(from 0 to 4094) to use here.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN VLAN (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONWANLAN

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 151IP Pool SetupThe Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.8.11.3 DNS Server Addresses DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the DHCP Setup screen.• Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The Device supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. Itdoes not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the DHCP Setup screen.8.11.4 LAN TCP/IP The Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.IP Address and Subnet MaskSimilar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number.Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions inselecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the Device. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.

Chapter 8 Home NetworkingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide152Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your Device, but make sure that no other device on your network isusing that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your Device will computethe subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.Private IP AddressesEvery machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private Internets” and RFC 1466,“Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 153CHAPTER 9Routing9.1 Overview The Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway,use static routes.For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the Device’s LAN interface. The Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the Device’s default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You createanother static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the LAN. Figure 61 Example of Routing Topology9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the Static Route screen to view and set up static routes on the Device (Section 9.2 on page154).• Use the Policy Forwarding screen to configure policy routing on the Device. (Section 9.3 on page 155). • Use the RIP screen to set up RIP settings on the Device. (Section 9.4 on page 157).WANR1R2AR3LAN

Chapter 9 RoutingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide1549.2 The Routing ScreenUse this screen to view and configure the static route rules on the Device. Click Network Setting > Routing > Static Route to open the following screen.Figure 62 Network Setting > Routing > Static RouteThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 38 Network Setting > Routing > Static RouteLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new static routeClick this to configure a new static route.# This is the index number of the entry.Status This field displays whether the static route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that thisroute is active. A gray bulb signifies that this route is not active.Name This is the name that describes or identifies this route. Destination IP This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is alwaysbased on network number. Subnet Mask This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Interface This is the WAN interface used for this static route.Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the static route on the Device.Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.

Chapter 9 RoutingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1559.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route Use this screen to add or edit a static route. Click Add new static route in the Routing screen or the Edit icon next to the static route you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.Figure 63 Routing: Add/EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen. 9.3 The Policy Forwarding ScreenTraditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the Device takes the shortest path to forward a packet. Policy forwarding allows the Device to override the default routing behavior and alter the packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator.Policy-based routing is applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing.Table 39 Routing: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.Select this to enable the static route. Clear this to disable this static route without having to delete the entry.Route Name Enter a descriptive name for the static route.IP Type Select whether your IP type is IPv4 or IPv6. Destination IPAddressEnter the IPv4 or IPv6 network address of the final destination.IP Subnet Mask If you are using IPv4 and need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical tothe host ID. Enter the IP subnet mask here.Use Gateway IPAddress The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.If you want to use the gateway IP address, select Enable.Gateway IPAddressEnter the IP address of the gateway.Use Interface Select the WAN interface you want to use for this static route.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

Chapter 9 RoutingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide156You can use source-based policy forwarding to direct traffic from different users through different connections or distribute traffic among multiple paths for load sharing.The Policy Forwarding screen let you view and configure routing policies on the Device. Click Network Setting > Routing > Policy Forwarding to open the following screen.Figure 64 Network Setting > Routing > Policy ForwardingThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 40 Network Setting > Routing >Policy ForwardingLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new Policy Forward RuleClick this to create a new policy forwarding rule.# This is the index number of the entry.Policy Name This is the name of the rule.Source IP This is the source IP address.Source SubnetMaskhis is the source subnet mask address.Protocol This is the transport layer protocol.Source Port This is the source port number.WAN This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed. Modify Click the Edit icon to edit this policy.Click the Delete icon to remove a policy from the Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the policy.

Chapter 9 RoutingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 1579.3.1 Add/Edit Policy Forwarding Click Add new Policy Forward Rule in the Policy Forwarding screen or click the Edit icon nextto a policy. Use this screen to configure the required information for a policy route.Figure 65 Policy Forwarding: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. 9.4 The RIP ScreenRouting Information Protocol (RIP, RFC 1058 and RFC 1389) allows a device to exchange routinginformation with other routers.Table 41 Policy Forwarding: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONPolicy Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 8 printable English keyboard characters, not including spaces.Source IP Enter the source IP address.Source SubnetMaskEnter the source subnet mask address.Protocol Select the transport layer protocol (TCP or UDP).Source Port Enter the source port number. Source MAC Enter the source MAC address. WAN Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s) already configured in the Broadband screens. Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

Chapter 9 RoutingVMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide158Click Network Setting > Routing > RIP to open the RIP screen. Figure 66 RIP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 42 RIPLABEL DESCRIPTIONInterface This is the name of the interface in which the RIP setting is used. Version The RIP version controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets thatthe Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP version 1 is universallysupported but RIP version 2 carries more information. RIP version 1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.Operation Select Passive to have the Device update the routing table based on the RIP packets received from neighbors but not advertise its route information to other routers in this interface.Select Active to have the Device advertise its route information and also listen for routing updates from neighboring routers.Enabled Select the check box to activate the settings.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 159CHAPTER 10Quality of Service (QoS)10.1 Overview Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-demand.Configure QoS on the Device to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune networkperformance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:1Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows. 2Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow. The Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such asInternet radio or streaming video.This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers.10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• The General screen lets you enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth (Section 10.3 on page 161).• The Queue Setup screen lets you configure QoS queue assignment (Section 10.4 on page 162).• The Class Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section 10.5 on page 164).• The Policer Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS policers (Section 10.5 on page 164).• The Monitor screen lets you view the Device's QoS-related packet statistics (Section 10.7 on page 171).

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide16010.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.QoS versus CosQoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different packet types. CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS). IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocoland defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. Tagging and MarkingIn a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value,IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or service based on the tag or marker.Traffic ShapingBursty traffic may cause network congestion. Traffic shaping regulates packets to be transmitted with a pre-configured data transmission rate using buffers (or queues). Your Device uses the TokenBucket algorithm to allow a certain amount of large bursts while keeping a limit at the average rate. TrafficTimeTraffic RateTrafficTimeTraffic Rate(Before Traffic Shaping) (After Traffic Shaping)

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 161Traffic PolicingTraffic policing is the limiting of the input or output transmission rate of a class of traffic on thebasis of user-defined criteria. Traffic policing methods measure traffic flows against user-defined criteria and identify it as either conforming, exceeding or violating the criteria.The Device supports three incoming traffic metering algorithms: Token Bucket Filter (TBF), Single Rate Two Color Maker (srTCM), and Two Rate Two Color Marker (trTCM). You can specify actions which are performed on the colored packets. See Section 10.8 on page 172 for more information on each metering algorithm.10.3 The Quality of Service General Screen Click Network Setting > QoS > General to open the screen as shown next.Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth. See Section 10.1 on page 159 for more information.Figure 67 Network Settings > QoS > General TrafficTimeTraffic RateTrafficTimeTraffic Rate(Before Traffic Policing) (After Traffic Policing)

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide162The following table describes the labels in this screen. 10.4 The Queue Setup ScreenClick Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next. Table 43 Network Setting > QoS > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONQoS Select the Enable check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance. WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interfaces that you want to allocateusing QoS.The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interfaces’ actual transmission speed.For example, set the WAN interfaces’ speed to 100000 kbps if your Internet connection hasan upstream transmission speed of 100 Mbps. You can set this number higher than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. The Deviceuses up to 95% of the DSL port’s actual upstream transmission speed even if you set thisnumber higher than the DSL port’s actual transmission speed.You can also set this number lower than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This willcause the Device to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.If you leave this field blank, the Device automatically sets this number to be 95% of theWAN interfaces’ actual upstream transmission speed.LAN Managed Downstream Bandwidth Enter the amount of downstream bandwidth for the LAN interfaces (including WLAN) thatyou want to allocate using QoS.The recommendation is to set this speed to match the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission speed. For example, set the LAN managed downstream bandwidth to 100000 kbps if you use a 100 Mbps wired Ethernet WAN connection. You can also set this number lower than the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission speed. Thiswill cause the Device to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.If you leave this field blank, the Device automatically sets this to the LAN interfaces’maximum supported connection speed.Upstream traffic priorityAssigned bySelect how the Device assigns priorities to various upstream traffic flows.•None: Disables auto priority mapping and has the Device put packets into the queuesaccording to your classification rules. Traffic which does not match any of theclassification rules is mapped into the default queue with the lowest priority.•Ethernet Priority: Automatically assign priority based on the IEEE 802.1p priority level.•IP Precedence: Automatically assign priority based on the first three bits of the TOS field in the IP header.•Packet Length: Automatically assign priority based on the packet size. Smaller packets get higher priority since control, signaling, VoIP, internet gaming, or other real-time packets are usually small while larger packets are usually best effort data packets like file transfers.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 163Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.Figure 68 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 44 Network Setting > QoS > Queue SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new Queue Click this button to create a new queue entry.# This is the index number of the entry.Status This field displays whether the queue is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this queueis active. A gray bulb signifies that this queue is not active.Name This shows the descriptive name of this queue.Interface This shows the name of the Device’s interface through which traffic in this queue passes.Priority This shows the priority of this queue.Weight This shows the weight of this queue.BufferManagementThis shows the queue management algorithm used for this queue.Queue management algorithms determine how the Device should handle packets when itreceives too many (network congestion).Rate Limit This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue.Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the queue.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up byone when you take this action.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide16410.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue Click Add new Queue or the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue. Figure 69 Queue Setup: Add The following table describes the labels in this screen. 10.5 The Class Setup Screen Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number,destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.Table 45 Queue Setup: AddLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select to enable or disable this queue.Name Enter the descriptive name of this queue.Interface Select the interface to which this queue is applied.This field is read-only if you are editing the queue.Priority Select the priority level (from 1 to 7) of this queue.The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is congested.Weight Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue. If two queues have the same priority level, the Device divides the bandwidth across the queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more bandwidth thanqueues with smaller weights.BufferManagementThis field displays Drop Tail (DT). Drop Tail (DT) is a simple queue managementalgorithm that allows the Device buffer to accept as many packets as it can until it is full. Once the buffer is full, new packets that arrive are dropped until there is space in the buffer again (packets are transmitted out of it).Rate Limit Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue.OK Click OK to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 165You can give different priorities to traffic that the Device forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications. Click Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup to open the following screen.Figure 70 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 46 Network Setting > QoS > Class SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new Classifier Click this to create a new classifier.# This is the index number of the entry.Status This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that thisclassifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.Class Name This is the name of the classifier.ClassificationCriteriaThis shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which traffic of this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches thisclassifier.DSCP Mark This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.802.1P Mark This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier.VLAN ID Tag This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.To Queue This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules moveup by one when you take this action.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide16610.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class Click Add new Classifier in the Class Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a classifier to open the following screen.Figure 71 Class Setup: Add/Edit

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 167The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 Class Setup: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select this to enable this classifier.Class Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 15 printable English keyboard characters, not including spaces.ClassificationOrderSelect an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier tothe number you selected after clicking Apply.Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.From Interface If you want to classify the traffic by an ingress interface, select an interface from the From Interface drop-down list box. Ether Type Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.If you select 802.1Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level.SourceAddress Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address.SubnetNetmaskEnter the source subnet mask.Port Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source.MAC Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address should match.Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be ofany hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.DestinationAddress Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address.SubnetNetmaskEnter the source subnet mask.Port Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source.MAC Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address should match.Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be ofany hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.Others

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide168Service This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.This field simplifies classifier configuration by allowing you to select a predefinedapplication. When you select a predefined application, you do not configure the rest of thefilter fields.IP Protocol This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP, UDP, ICMP or IGMP. If you select User defined, enter the protocol (service type) number. DHCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and select a DHCP option. If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter a string that identifies the user’scategory or application type in the matched DHCP packets.PacketLengthThis field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1500) inthe fields provided.DSCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the field provided.802.1P This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop-down list box."0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.VLAN ID This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number. TCP ACK This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge) flag.Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.DSCP Mark This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the Device replaces the DSCP field in thepackets.If you select Unchange, the Device keep the DSCP field in the packets.802.1P Mark Select a priority level with which the Device replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the packets.If you select Unchange, the Device keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets.VLAN ID If you select Remark, enter a VLAN ID number with which the Device replaces the VLAN IDof the frames.If you select Remove, the Device deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before forwarding them out.If you select Add, the Device treat all matched traffic untagged and add a second VLAN ID.If you select Unchange, the Device keep the VLAN ID in the packets.Forward toInterfaceSelect a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be forwarded out. If you select Unchange, the Device forward traffic of this class according to the default routing table.Table 47 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 16910.6 The QoS Policer Setup ScreenUse this screen to configure QoS policers that allow you to limit the transmission rate of incoming traffic. Click Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup. The screen appears as shown. Figure 72 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. To Queue Index Select a queue that applies to this class.You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 47 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 48 Network Setting > QoS > Policer SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new Policer Click this to create a new entry.# This is the index number of the entry.Status This field displays whether the policer is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that thispolicer is active. A gray bulb signifies that this policer is not active.Name This field displays the descriptive name of this policer.Regulated ClassesThis field displays the name of a QoS classifierMeter Type This field displays the type of QoS metering algorithm used in this policer.Rule These are the rates and burst sizes against which the policer checks the traffic of the member QoS classes.Action This shows the how the policer has the Device treat different types of traffic belonging to the policer’s member QoS classes.Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the policer.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing policer. Note that subsequent rules move up byone when you take this action.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide17010.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer Click Add new Policer in the Policer Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a policer to show the following screen.Figure 73 Policer Setup: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 49 Policer Setup: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select the check box to activate this policer.Name Enter the descriptive name of this policer.Meter Type This shows the traffic metering algorithm used in this policer.The Simple Token Bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can betransmitted. Each token represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b bytes which is also the bucket size.The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and identifies packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR), the Committed Burst Size (CBS) and the Excess Burst Size (EBS).The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and identifies packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the Peak Information Rate (PIR).Committed RateSpecify the committed rate. When the incoming traffic rate of the member QoS classes isless than the committed rate, the device applies the conforming action to the traffic.Committed Burst SizeSpecify the committed burst size for packet bursts. This must be equal to or less than the peak burst size (two rate three color) or excess burst size (single rate three color) if it is also configured.This is the maximum size of the (first) token bucket in a traffic metering algorithm.ConformingActionSpecify what the Device does for packets within the committed rate and burst size (green-marked packets).•Pass: Send the packets without modification.•DSCP Mark: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value touse.Non-ConformingActionSpecify what the Device does for packets that exceed the excess burst size or peak rate and burst size (red-marked packets). •Drop: Discard the packets.•DSCP Mark: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value touse. The packets may be dropped if there is congestion on the network.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 17110.7 The QoS Monitor Screen To view the Device’s QoS packet statistics, click Network Setting > QoS > Monitor. The screen appears as shown.Figure 74 Network Setting > QoS > Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. Available ClassSelected Class Select a QoS classifier to apply this QoS policer to traffic that matches the QoS classifier.Highlight a QoS classifier in the Available Class box and use the > button to move it to theSelected Class box.To remove a QoS classifier from the Selected Class box, select it and use the < button.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.Table 49 Policer Setup: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 50 Network Setting > QoS > MonitorLABEL DESCRIPTIONRefresh Interval Enter how often you want the Device to update this screen. Select No Refreshto stop refreshing statistics.Interface Monitor# This is the index number of the entry.Name This shows the name of the interface on the Device. Pass Rate This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are transmitted successfully.Drop Rate This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are dropped.Queue Monitor# This is the index number of the entry.Name This shows the name of the queue.Pass Rate This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are transmitted successfully.Drop Rate This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are dropped.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide17210.8 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the Device features described in this chapter.IEEE 802.1Q TagThe IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame across the network. IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporatesthe 802.1p). DiffServ QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types.DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going. DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field. Table 51 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic TypePRIORITY LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPELevel 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is thevariations in delay).Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (SystemsNetwork Architecture) transactions.Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”. Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 173DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packetgets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.IP PrecedenceSimilar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IPheader. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is the lowest priority level and seven is the highest. Automatic Priority Queue AssignmentIf you enable QoS on the Device, the Device can automatically base on the IEEE 802.1p prioritylevel, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which does not match a class. The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the Device. On the Device, traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested.DSCP (6 bits) Unused (2 bits)Table 52 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS MappingPRIORITY QUEUELAYER 2 LAYER 3IEEE 802.1P USERPRIORITY(ETHERNET PRIORITY)TOS (IP PRECEDENCE) DSCP IP PACKET LENGTH (BYTE)0 1 0 0000001 22 0 0 000000 >11003 3 1 001110001100001010001000250~11004 4 2 0101100101000100100100005 5 3 011110011100011010011000<250

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide174Token BucketThe token bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be transmitted. The bucket stores tokens, each of which represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to bbytes which is also the bucket size, so the bucket can hold up to b tokens. Tokens are generated and added into the bucket at a constant rate. The following shows how tokens work with packets:• A packet can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the bucket is equal to or greater than the size of the packet (in bytes). • After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed from the bucket.• If there are no tokens in the bucket, the Device stops transmitting until enough tokens are generated.• If not enough tokens are available, the Device treats the packet in either one of the following ways:In traffic shaping:• Holds it in the queue until enough tokens are available in the bucket.In traffic policing:• Drops it.• Transmits it but adds a DSCP mark. The Device may drop these marked packets if the network is overloaded.Configure the bucket size to be equal to or less than the amount of the bandwidth that the interface can support. It does not help if you set it to a bucket size over the interface’s capability. The smaller the bucket size, the lower the data transmission rate and that may cause outgoing packets to be dropped. A larger transmission rate requires a big bucket size. For example, use a bucket size of 10kbytes to get the transmission rate up to 10 Mbps.Single Rate Three Color Marker The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM, defined in RFC 2697) is a type of traffic policing that identifies packets by comparing them to one user-defined rate, the Committed Information Rate (CIR), and two burst sizes: the Committed Burst Size (CBS) and Excess Burst Size (EBS).6 6 4 1001101001001000101000005 1011101010007 7 6 1100001110007Table 52 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS MappingPRIORITY QUEUELAYER 2 LAYER 3IEEE 802.1P USERPRIORITY(ETHERNET PRIORITY)TOS (IP PRECEDENCE) DSCP IP PACKET LENGTH (BYTE)

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 175The srTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and low is referred to as green. The srTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (CBS and EBS). Tokens are generated and added into the bucket at a constant rate, called Committed Information Rate (CIR). When the first bucket (CBS) is full, new tokens overflow into the second bucket (EBS).All packets are evaluated against the CBS. If a packet does not exceed the CBS it is marked green.Otherwise it is evaluated against the EBS. If it is below the EBS then it is marked yellow. If it exceeds the EBS then it is marked red.The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in srTCM:• A packet arrives. The packet is marked green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the CBS bucket is equal to or greater than the size of the packet (in bytes).• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed from the CBS bucket. • If there are not enough tokens in the CBS bucket, the Device checks the EBS bucket. The packet is marked yellow if there are sufficient tokens in the EBS bucket. Otherwise, the packet is markedred. No tokens are removed if the packet is dropped.Two Rate Three Color Marker The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that identifies packets by comparing them to two user-defined rates: the Committed Information Rate(CIR) and the Peak Information Rate (PIR). The CIR specifies the average rate at which packets are admitted to the network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based on the guaranteed and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service providerand client.The trTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer topacket loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and low is referred to as green. The trTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (Committed Burst Size (CBS) and Peak Burst Size (PBS)). Tokens are generated and added into the two buckets at the CIRand PIR respectively.All packets are evaluated against the PIR. If a packet exceeds the PIR it is marked red. Otherwise it is evaluated against the CIR. If it exceeds the CIR then it is marked yellow. Finally, if it is below the CIR then it is marked green.The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in trTCM:• A packet arrives. If the number of tokens in the PBS bucket is less than the size of the packet (in bytes), the packet is marked red and may be dropped regardless of the CBS bucket. No tokens are removed if the packet is dropped.• If the PBS bucket has enough tokens, the Device checks the CBS bucket. The packet is marked green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the CBS bucket is equal to or greater than the size of the packet (in bytes). Otherwise, the packet is marked yellow.

Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide176

VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 177CHAPTER 11Network Address Translation (NAT)11.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the Device. NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the sourceaddress of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known withinanother network.11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the Port Forwarding screen to configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network (Section 11.2 on page 178). • Use the Applications screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network (Section 11.3 on page 181).• Use the Port Triggering screen to add and configure the Device’s trigger port settings (Section 11.4 on page 182).• Use the DMZ screen to configure a default server (Section 11.5 on page 185).• Use the ALG screen to enable and disable the NAT and SIP (VoIP) ALG in the Device (Section 11.6 on page 186).• Use the Address Mapping screen to configure the Device's address mapping settings (Section 11.7 on page 186). 11.1.2 What You Need To KnowInside/OutsideInside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the Device, for example, the computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts. Global/LocalGlobal/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side. NATIn the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the

Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide178WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.Port ForwardingA port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP,that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside world.Finding Out MoreSee Section 11.8 on page 188 for advanced technical information on NAT.11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen Use the Port Forwarding screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IPaddress of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports.The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix F on page 349. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example),port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a

Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide 179third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.Figure 75 Multiple Servers Behind NAT ExampleClick Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen.See Appendix F on page 349 for port numbers commonly used for particular services. Figure 76 Network Setting > NAT > Port ForwardingThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 53 Network Setting > NAT > Port ForwardingLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new rule Click this to add a new rule.# This is the index number of the entry.Status This field displays whether the NAT rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this ruleis active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.Service Name This shows the service’s name.WAN Interface This shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.WAN IP This field displays the incoming packet’s destination IP address.Server IP AddressThis is the server’s IP address.Start Port This is the first external port number that identifies a service.End Port This is the last external port number that identifies a service.TranslationStart PortThis is the first internal port number that identifies a service.Translation EndPortThis is the last internal port number that identifies a service.A=192.168.1.33D=192.168.1.36C=192.168.1.3B=192.168.1.34WANLAN192.168.1.1 IP Address assigned by ISP

Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide18011.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding Click Add new rule in the Port Forwarding screen or click the Edit icon next to an existing rule to open the following screen.Figure 77 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Protocol This shows the IP protocol supported by this virtual server, whether it is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.Modify Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule. Table 53 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 54 Port Forwarding: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Clear the checkbox to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on). WAN Interface Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.You must have already configured a WAN connection with NAT enabled.WAN IP Enter the WAN IP address for which the incoming service is destined. If the packet’sdestination IP address doesn’t match the one specified here, the port forwarding rule willnot be applied.Start Port Enter the original destination port for the packets.To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Port field. To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the End Port field.