ZyXEL Communications VMG4381B10A Wireless N VDSL2 4-port Bonding Combo WAN Gigabit Gateway with MoCA User Manual Part 1
ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless N VDSL2 4-port Bonding Combo WAN Gigabit Gateway with MoCA Part 1
Contents
- 1. Part 1
- 2. Part 2
Part 1
VMG4381-B10A Wireless N VDSL2 4-port Bonding Combo WAN Gigabit Gateway with MoCA Version 1.0 Edition 2, 05/2014 Quick Start Guide User’s Guide Default Login Details LAN IP Address http://192.168.1.1 User Name www.zyxel.com Password admin 1234 Copyright © 2014 ZyXEL Communications Corporation IMPORTANT! READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE. KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. Note: This guide is a reference for a series of products. Therefore some features or options in this guide may not be available in your product. Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Related Documentation • Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access. • Support Disc Refer to the included CD for support documents. • ZyXEL Web Site Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide Contents Overview Contents Overview User’s Guide .......................................................................................................................................15 Introducing the Device ............................................................................................................................17 The Web Configurator .............................................................................................................................25 Quick Start ...............................................................................................................................................33 Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................................35 Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................69 Network Map and Status Screens ...........................................................................................................71 Broadband ...............................................................................................................................................75 Wireless ................................................................................................................................................101 Home Networking ..................................................................................................................................133 Routing ..................................................................................................................................................157 Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................................163 Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................181 Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................................197 Interface Group .....................................................................................................................................201 USB Service ..........................................................................................................................................207 Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................213 MAC Filter .............................................................................................................................................223 Parental Control ....................................................................................................................................227 Scheduler Rules ....................................................................................................................................231 Certificates ............................................................................................................................................233 Log .......................................................................................................................................................241 Traffic Status ........................................................................................................................................245 ARP Table .............................................................................................................................................249 Routing Table ........................................................................................................................................251 IGMP Status .........................................................................................................................................253 xDSL Statistics ......................................................................................................................................255 User Account .........................................................................................................................................259 Remote Management ............................................................................................................................261 TR-069 Client ........................................................................................................................................263 TR-064 ..................................................................................................................................................265 Time Settings ........................................................................................................................................267 E-mail Notification .................................................................................................................................271 Logs Setting .........................................................................................................................................273 Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................................277 Configuration .........................................................................................................................................279 Diagnostic .............................................................................................................................................282 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide Contents Overview Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................287 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide Table of Contents Table of Contents Contents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................5 Part I: User’s Guide ......................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1 Introducing the Device .......................................................................................................................17 1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................17 1.2 Ways to Manage the Device .............................................................................................................17 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Device ..............................................................................................17 1.4 Applications for the Device ...............................................................................................................18 1.4.1 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................18 1.4.2 HomePNA ................................................................................................................................19 1.4.3 Device’s USB Support .............................................................................................................20 1.5 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................................21 1.6 The RESET Button ............................................................................................................................22 1.7 Wireless Access ................................................................................................................................23 1.7.1 Using the WLAN/WPS Button .................................................................................................23 Chapter 2 The Web Configurator ........................................................................................................................25 2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................25 2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................25 2.2 Web Configurator Layout ..................................................................................................................28 2.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................................28 2.2.2 Main Window ...........................................................................................................................29 2.2.3 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................29 Chapter 3 Quick Start...........................................................................................................................................33 3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................33 3.2 Quick Start Setup ..............................................................................................................................33 Chapter 4 Tutorials ...............................................................................................................................................35 4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................35 4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection ..........................................................................................35 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide Table of Contents 4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network .............................................................................................38 4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings .............................................................................38 4.3.2 Using WPS ..............................................................................................................................40 4.3.3 Without WPS ...........................................................................................................................43 4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups ................................................................................................44 4.5 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network .................................................................47 4.6 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup ........................................................................................50 4.7 Access the Device Using DDNS .......................................................................................................53 4.7.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ..................................................................53 4.7.2 Configuring DDNS on Your Device ..........................................................................................54 4.7.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ........................................................................................................54 4.8 Configuring the MAC Address Filter ..................................................................................................54 4.9 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ....................................................................................56 4.10 Using the Media Server Feature ....................................................................................................57 4.10.1 Configuring the Device ..........................................................................................................57 4.10.2 Using Windows Media Player ................................................................................................57 4.10.3 Using a Digital Media Adapter ...............................................................................................60 4.11 Using the Print Server Feature ........................................................................................................62 Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................ 69 Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens .....................................................................................................71 5.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................71 5.2 The Network Map Screen .................................................................................................................71 5.3 The Status Screen .............................................................................................................................72 Chapter 6 Broadband...........................................................................................................................................75 6.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................75 6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................75 6.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................................76 6.1.3 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................79 6.2 The Broadband Screen .....................................................................................................................79 6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ...................................................................................................81 6.3 The 3G Backup Screen .....................................................................................................................89 6.4 The Advanced Screen .......................................................................................................................93 6.4.1 DSL Bonding ...........................................................................................................................93 6.5 The 8021x Screen .............................................................................................................................95 6.5.1 Edit 802.1x Settings .................................................................................................................96 6.6 Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................96 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide Table of Contents Chapter 7 Wireless .............................................................................................................................................101 7.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................101 7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................101 7.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................102 7.2 The General Screen .......................................................................................................................102 7.2.1 No Security ............................................................................................................................105 7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ........................................................................................................105 7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ..................................................................................................107 7.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication ...........................................................................................................108 7.3 The More AP Screen .......................................................................................................................109 7.3.1 Edit More AP ........................................................................................................................ 110 7.4 MAC Authentication ........................................................................................................................ 111 7.5 The WPS Screen ............................................................................................................................ 112 7.6 The WMM Screen ........................................................................................................................... 114 7.7 The WDS Screen ............................................................................................................................ 114 7.7.1 WDS Scan ............................................................................................................................. 115 7.8 The Others Screen .......................................................................................................................... 116 7.9 The Channel Status Screen ............................................................................................................ 118 7.10 Technical Reference ...................................................................................................................... 118 7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................................. 118 7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms ...................................................................................................120 7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview .................................................................................................120 7.10.4 Signal Problems ..................................................................................................................122 7.10.5 BSS .....................................................................................................................................123 7.10.6 MBSSID ...............................................................................................................................123 7.10.7 Preamble Type ....................................................................................................................124 7.10.8 Wireless Distribution System (WDS) ...................................................................................124 7.10.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ...............................................................................................124 Chapter 8 Home Networking .............................................................................................................................133 8.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................133 8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................133 8.1.2 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................134 8.1.3 Before You Begin ...................................................................................................................135 8.2 The LAN Setup Screen ...................................................................................................................135 8.3 The Static DHCP Screen .................................................................................................................138 8.4 The UPnP Screen ...........................................................................................................................140 8.5 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................................141 8.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................................143 8.7 The Additional Subnet Screen ........................................................................................................149 8.8 The STB Vendor ID Screen .............................................................................................................150 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide Table of Contents 8.9 The 5th Ethernet Port Screen .........................................................................................................150 8.10 The MoCA Screen .........................................................................................................................151 8.11 The LAN VLAN Screen .................................................................................................................152 8.12 TFTP Server Name Screen ...........................................................................................................152 8.13 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................153 8.13.1 LANs, WANs and the Device ...............................................................................................153 8.13.2 DHCP Setup ........................................................................................................................153 8.13.3 DNS Server Addresses .......................................................................................................154 8.13.4 LAN TCP/IP .........................................................................................................................154 Chapter 9 Routing ..............................................................................................................................................157 9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................157 9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................157 9.2 The Routing Screen ........................................................................................................................158 9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route .............................................................................................................158 9.3 The Policy Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................159 9.3.1 Add/Edit Policy Forwarding ...................................................................................................160 9.4 The RIP Screen ...............................................................................................................................161 Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)...................................................................................................................163 10.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................163 10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................163 10.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................164 10.3 The Quality of Service General Screen ........................................................................................165 10.4 The Queue Setup Screen .............................................................................................................166 10.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue .........................................................................................................168 10.5 The Class Setup Screen ...............................................................................................................168 10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class ............................................................................................................169 10.6 The QoS Policer Setup Screen .....................................................................................................173 10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer .......................................................................................................174 10.7 The QoS Monitor Screen .............................................................................................................175 10.8 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................176 Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................181 11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................181 11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................181 11.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................181 11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................182 11.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ....................................................................................................184 11.3 The Applications Screen ...............................................................................................................185 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide Table of Contents 11.3.1 Add New Application ............................................................................................................185 11.4 The Port Triggering Screen ...........................................................................................................186 11.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule .............................................................................................188 11.5 The DMZ Screen ...........................................................................................................................189 11.6 The ALG Screen ............................................................................................................................190 11.7 The Address Mapping Screen .......................................................................................................190 11.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule ..........................................................................................191 11.8 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................192 11.8.1 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................................................192 11.8.2 What NAT Does ...................................................................................................................193 11.8.3 How NAT Works ...................................................................................................................194 11.8.4 NAT Application ...................................................................................................................194 Chapter 12 Dynamic DNS Setup .........................................................................................................................197 12.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................197 12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................197 12.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................198 12.2 The DNS Entry Screen ..................................................................................................................198 12.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry .............................................................................................................198 12.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................199 Chapter 13 Interface Group .................................................................................................................................201 13.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................201 13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................201 13.2 The Interface Group Screen ..........................................................................................................201 13.2.1 Interface Group Configuration .............................................................................................202 13.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria .................................................................................................204 Chapter 14 USB Service ......................................................................................................................................207 14.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................207 14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................207 14.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................207 14.2 The File Sharing Screen ...............................................................................................................208 14.2.1 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................209 14.3 The Media Server Screen .............................................................................................................210 14.4 The Printer Server Screen ............................................................................................................ 211 14.4.1 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 211 Chapter 15 Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................213 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide Table of Contents 15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................213 15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................213 15.1.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................214 15.2 The Firewall Screen ......................................................................................................................215 15.3 The Service Screen ......................................................................................................................215 15.3.1 Add/Edit a Service ..............................................................................................................216 15.4 The Access Control Screen ..........................................................................................................217 15.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule ........................................................................................................218 15.5 The DoS Screen ............................................................................................................................220 Chapter 16 MAC Filter..........................................................................................................................................223 16.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................223 16.2 The MAC Filter Screen ..................................................................................................................224 Chapter 17 Parental Control ................................................................................................................................227 17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................227 17.2 The Parental Control Screen .........................................................................................................227 17.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Rule .........................................................................................228 Chapter 18 Scheduler Rules................................................................................................................................231 18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................231 18.2 The Scheduler Rules Screen ........................................................................................................231 18.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule ............................................................................................................231 Chapter 19 Certificates ........................................................................................................................................233 19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................233 19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................233 19.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................233 19.3 The Local Certificates Screen .......................................................................................................233 19.3.1 Create Certificate Request .................................................................................................234 19.3.2 Load Signed Certificate ......................................................................................................236 19.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................................237 19.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate .................................................................................................237 19.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ..............................................................................................238 Chapter 20 Log ....................................................................................................................................................241 20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................241 20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................241 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 10 Table of Contents 20.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................241 20.2 The System Log Screen ................................................................................................................242 20.3 The Security Log Screen ...............................................................................................................243 Chapter 21 Traffic Status ....................................................................................................................................245 21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................245 21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................245 21.2 The WAN Status Screen ...............................................................................................................245 21.3 The LAN Status Screen .................................................................................................................246 Chapter 22 ARP Table ..........................................................................................................................................249 22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................249 22.1.1 How ARP Works ..................................................................................................................249 22.2 ARP Table Screen .........................................................................................................................249 Chapter 23 Routing Table ....................................................................................................................................251 23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................251 23.2 The Routing Table Screen .............................................................................................................251 Chapter 24 IGMP Status ......................................................................................................................................253 24.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................253 24.2 The IGMP Group Status Screen ...................................................................................................253 Chapter 25 xDSL Statistics..................................................................................................................................255 25.1 The xDSL Statistics Screen ...........................................................................................................255 Chapter 26 User Account ....................................................................................................................................259 26.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................259 26.2 The User Account Screen .............................................................................................................259 Chapter 27 Remote Management........................................................................................................................261 27.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................261 27.2 The Remote MGMT Screen ..........................................................................................................261 Chapter 28 TR-069 Client.....................................................................................................................................263 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 11 Table of Contents 28.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................263 28.2 The TR-069 Client Screen ............................................................................................................263 Chapter 29 TR-064................................................................................................................................................265 29.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................265 29.2 The TR-064 Screen .......................................................................................................................265 Chapter 30 Time Settings ....................................................................................................................................267 30.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................267 30.2 The Time Screen ..........................................................................................................................267 Chapter 31 E-mail Notification ............................................................................................................................271 31.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................271 31.2 The Email Notification Screen .......................................................................................................271 31.2.1 Email Notification Edit ........................................................................................................271 Chapter 32 Logs Setting .....................................................................................................................................273 32.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................273 32.2 The Log Settings Screen ...............................................................................................................273 32.2.1 Example E-mail Log ............................................................................................................274 Chapter 33 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................................277 33.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................277 33.2 The Firmware Screen ....................................................................................................................277 Chapter 34 Configuration ....................................................................................................................................279 34.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................279 34.2 The Configuration Screen .............................................................................................................279 34.3 The Reboot Screen .......................................................................................................................281 Chapter 35 Diagnostic .........................................................................................................................................282 35.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................282 35.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................282 35.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................282 35.3 Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup ...................................................................................................283 35.4 802.1ag .........................................................................................................................................283 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 12 Table of Contents 35.5 OAM Ping Test ..............................................................................................................................285 Chapter 36 Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................287 36.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................287 36.2 Device Access and Login ..............................................................................................................288 36.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................290 36.4 Wireless Internet Access ...............................................................................................................291 36.5 USB Device Connection ................................................................................................................292 36.6 UPnP .............................................................................................................................................292 Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address .......................................................................295 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................315 Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions .................................................323 Appendix D Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................331 Appendix E IPv6 ..............................................................................................................................345 Appendix F Services........................................................................................................................353 Appendix G Legal Information .........................................................................................................357 Index ..................................................................................................................................................361 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 13 Table of Contents VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 14 P ART I User’s Guide 15 16 C HAPT ER Introducing the Device 1.1 Overview The Device is a wireless VDSL router and Gigabit Ethernet gateway. It has two DSL ports and Gigabit Ethernet for super-fast Internet access over analog (POTS) telephone lines. If the DSLAM of the ISP supports bonding function, the two DSL ports on the Device can be connected to two separate telephone jacks to provide increased throughput at longer distances. The Device supports both Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It is backward compatible with ADSL, ADSL2 and ADSL2+ in case VDSL is not available. The Device also provides IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless networking to extend the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring. The VMG43810-B10A models also include Home Phoneline • VMG43810-B10A has Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (HPNA) and Multimedia over Coax Alliance (moCA) capabilitiesy. Only use firmware for your Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your Device. The Device has a USB port used to share files via a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive. 1.2 Ways to Manage the Device Use any of the following methods to manage the Device. • Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Device using a (supported) web browser. • TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device. 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Device Do the following things regularly to make the Device more secure and to manage the Device more effectively. • Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. • Write down the password and put it in a safe place. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 17 Chapter 1 Introducing the Device • Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the Device. You could simply restore your last configuration. 1.4 Applications for the Device Here are some example uses for which the Device is well suited. 1.4.1 Internet Access Your Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL. The Device cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time. Note: The ADSL and VDSL lines share the same WAN (layer-2) interfaces that you configure in the Device. Refer to Section 6.2 on page 79 for the Network Setting > Broadband screen. Computers can connect to the Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly). Figure 1 Device’s Internet Access Application WLAN WAN Bridging IPoE PPPoE ADSL / VDSL LAN WLAN WAN Bridging PPPoE IPoE PPPoA IPoA LAN ADSL You can also configure IP filtering on the Device for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 18 Chapter 1 Introducing the Device your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files. 1.4.2 HomePNA Models with HPNA comply with HomePNA (Home Phoneline Networking Alliance, also known as HPNA) 3.1, a home networking technology for carrying data over existing coaxial cables and telephone wiring. The figure below shows your Device (A) connecting to a phone line outlet for DSL Internet access and a coaxial outlet to relay Internet connectivity to other coaxial outlets in the building. The laptop (B) connects wirelessly to the Device. The set-up box (C) connects into a coaxial outlet in another part of the house for access to online videos. Figure 2 HomePNA Application VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 19 Chapter 1 Introducing the Device 1.4.3 Device’s USB Support The USB port of the Device is used for file-sharing. File Sharing Use the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). You can connect one USB hard drive to the Device at a time. Use FTP to access the files on the USB device. Figure 3 USB File Sharing Application Media Server You can also use the Device as a media server. This lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from a USB device (B) connected to the Device’s USB port (without having to copy them to another computer). Figure 4 USB Media Server Application VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 20 Chapter 1 Introducing the Device 1.5 LEDs (Lights) The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs. Figure 5 LEDs on the Device None of the LEDs are on if the Device is not receiving power. Table 1 LED Descriptions LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION POWER Green On The Device is receiving power and ready for use. Blinking The Device is self-testing. On The Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device malfunction. Off The Device is not receiving power. Blinking Firmware upgrade is in progress. On The Device has a successful Ethernet connection with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN). Red ETHERNET LAN 1-4 Green Blinking The Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN. Off The Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 21 Chapter 1 Introducing the Device Table 1 LED Descriptions (continued) LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION ETHERNET WAN Green On The Gigabit Ethernet connection is working. Blinking The Device is sending or receiving data to/from the Gigabit Ethernet link. Off There is no Gigabit Ethernet link. DSL1,2 Green On The ADSL line is up. Blinking The Device is initializing the ADSL line. Off The ADSL line is down. On The VDSL line is up. Blinking The Device is initializing the VDSL line. Off The VDSL line is down. On The Device has an IP connection but no traffic. Orange INTERNET Green Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL connection is up. USB MoCA HPNA WLAN/WPS Green Green Green Green Green and Orange Blinking The Device is sending or receiving IP traffic. Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode. On The Device recognizes a USB connection. Blinking The Device is sending/receiving data to /from the USB device connected to it. Off The Device does not detect a USB connection. On The Device has proper MoCA network link. Blinking The Device has LAN activity. Off The device does not have MoCA network. On The Device is connected to an HPNA-equipped device through the coaxial cable.A Blinking Data is transmitting over the HPNA cable. Off No HPNA device is connected. On The wireless network is activated. Blinking The Device is communicating with other wireless clients. Blinking The Device is setting up a WPS connection. Off The wireless network is not activated. A. HPNA-equipped models only. 1.6 The RESET Button If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to “1234”. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 22 Chapter 1 Introducing the Device Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking). To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts. 1.7 Wireless Access The Device is a wireless Access Point (AP) for wireless clients, such as notebook computers or PDAs and iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to rely on inconvenient Ethernet cables. You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS button. Figure 6 Wireless Access Example 1.7.1 Using the WLAN/WPS Button If the wireless network is turned off, press the WLAN/WPS button at the back of the Device for one second. Once the WLAN/WPS LED turns green, the wireless network is active. You can also use the WLAN/WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the Device and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time. To activate WPS: Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking. Press the WLAN/WPS button for five seconds and release it. Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the Device. The WLAN/WPS LED flashes orange while the Device sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device. Once the connection is successfully made, the WLAN/WPS LED shines green. To turn off the wireless network, press the WLAN/WPS button on the front of the Device for one to five seconds. The WLAN/WPS LED turns off when the wireless network is off. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 23 Chapter 1 Introducing the Device VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 24 C HAPT ER The Web Configurator 2.1 Overview The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions or Google Chrome. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the web configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2. • JavaScript (enabled by default). • Java permissions (enabled by default). See Appendix C on page 323 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer. 2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator Make sure your Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide). Launch your web browser. If the Device does not automatically re-direct you to the login screen, go to http://192.168.1.1. A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the Device, type the default username admin and password 1234 in the password screen and click Login. If advanced account security is enabled (see Section 26.2 on page 259) the number of dots that appears when you type the password changes randomly to prevent anyone watching the password field from knowing the length of your password. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 25 Chapter 2 The Web Configurator Figure 7 Password Screen The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is strongly recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and click Apply; alternatively click Skip to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the password now. Figure 8 Change Password Screen The Quick Start Wizard screen appears. You can configure the Device’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless settings. See Chapter 3 on page 33 for more information. After you finished or closed the Quick Start Wizard screen, the Network Map page appears. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 26 Chapter 2 The Web Configurator Figure 9 Network Map Click Status to display the Status screen, where you can view the Device’s interface and system information. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 27 Chapter 2 The Web Configurator 2.2 Web Configurator Layout Figure 10 Screen Layout As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts: • A - title bar • B - main window • C - navigation panel 2.2.1 Title Bar The title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner. The icons provide the following functions. Table 2 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar ICON DESCRIPTION Quick Start: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the Device’s time zone Internet access, and wireless settings. Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 28 Chapter 2 The Web Configurator 2.2.2 Main Window The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document. After you click Status on the Connection Status page, the Status screen is displayed. See Chapter 5 on page 72 for more information about the Status screen. If you click Virtual Device on the System Info screen, a visual graphic appears, showing the connection status of the Device’s ports. The connected ports are in color and disconnected ports are gray. Figure 11 Virtual Device 2.2.3 Navigation Panel Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure Device features. The following tables describe each menu item. Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK TAB Connection Status FUNCTION This screen shows the network status of the Device and computers/ devices connected to it. Network Setting Broadband Broadband Use this screen to view and configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, and other advanced properties. You can also add new WAN connections. 3G Backup Use this screen to configure 3G WAN connection. Advanced Use this screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR functions. 8021x Use this screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1x settings on the Device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 29 Chapter 2 The Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued) LINK Wireless Home Networking Routing QoS NAT DNS Interface Group TAB FUNCTION General Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN authentication/security settings. More AP Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the Device. MAC Authentication Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless devices of certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the Device. WPS Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) settings. WMM Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM). WDS Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) links to other access points. Others Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Channel Use this screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results. LAN Setup Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced properties. Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC addresses. UPnP Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off. Additional Subnet Use this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP. STB Vendor ID Use this screen to have the Device automatically create static DHCP entries for Set Top Box (STB) devices when they request IP addresses. 5th Ethernet Port Use this screen to configure the Ethernet WAN port as a LAN port. Static Route Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the Device. Policy Forwarding Use this screen to configure policy routing on the Device. General Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing. You can also configure the QoS rules and actions. Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queues. Class Setup Use this screen to define a classifier. Policer Setup Use these screens to configure QoS policers. Monitor Use this screen to view QoS packets statistics. Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world. Applications Use this screen to configure servers behind the Device. Port Triggering Use this screen to change your Device’s port triggering settings. DMZ Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding screen. ALG Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG. Address Mapping Use this screen to change your Device’s address mapping settings. DNS Entry Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes. Dynamic DNS Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address. Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 30 Chapter 2 The Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued) LINK USB Device TAB FUNCTION File Sharing Use this screen to enable file sharing via the Device. Media Server Use this screen to use the Device as a media server. Printer Server Use this screen to enable the print server on the Device and get the model name of the associated printer. General Use this screen to configure the security level of your firewall. Service Use this screen to add Internet services and configure firewall rules. Access Control Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services. DoS Use this screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Security Settings Firewall MAC Filter Use this screen to block or allow traffic from devices of certain MAC addresses to the Device. Parental Control Use this screen to block web sites with the specific URL. Scheduler Rule Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configured restriction (such as parental control) is enforced. Certificates Local Certificates Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage certificates and certification requests. Trusted CA Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs. System Log Use this screen to view the status of events that occurred to the Device. You can export or e-mail the logs. Security Log Use this screen to view the login record of the Device. You can export or e-mail the logs. WAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the WAN port of the Device. LAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the LAN ports of the Device. System Monitor Log Traffic Status ARP Table Use this screen to view the ARP table. It displays the IP and MAC address of each DHCP connection. IGMP Group Status Use this screen to view the status of all IGMP settings on the Device. xDSL Statistics Use this screen to view the Device’s xDSL traffic statistics. Maintenance User Account Use this screen to change user password on the Device. Remote MGMT Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services. TR-069 Client Use this screen to configure the Device to be managed by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS). TR-064 Client Use this screen to enable management via TR-064 on the LAN. Time Use this screen to change your Device’s time and date. Email Notification Use this screen to configure up to two mail servers and sender addresses on the Device. Log Setting Use this screen to change your Device’s log settings. Firmware Upgrade Use this screen to upload firmware to your device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 31 Chapter 2 The Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued) LINK TAB FUNCTION Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration (settings) or reset the factory default settings. Reboot Use this screen to reboot the Device without turning the power off. Diagnostic Ping & Traceroute & Nslookup Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection. You can use Ping, TraceRoute, or Nslookup to help you identify problems. 802.1ag Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) MD (maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance association), perform connectivity tests and view test reports. OAM Ping Use this screen to view information to help you identify problems with the DSL connection. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 32 C HAPT ER Quick Start 3.1 Overview Use the Quick Start screens to configure the Device’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless settings. Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on page 69) for background information on the features in this chapter. 3.2 Quick Start Setup The Quick Start Wizard appears automatically after login. Or you can click the Click Start icon in the top right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens. Select the time zone of the Device’s location and click Next. Figure 12 Time Zone Enter your Internet connection information in this screen. The screen and fields to enter may vary depending on your current connection type. Click Next. Click Next. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 33 Chapter 3 Quick Start Figure 13 Internet Connection Turn the wireless LAN on or off. If you keep it on, record the security settings so you can configure your wireless clients to connect to the Device. Click Save. Figure 14 Internet Connection Your Device saves your settings and attempts to connect to the Internet. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 34 C HAPT ER Tutorials 4.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to use the Device’s various features. • Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection, see page 35 • Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network, see page 38 • Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups, see page 44 • Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network, see page 47 • Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup, see page 50 • Access the Device Using DDNS, see page 53 • Configuring the MAC Address Filter, see page 54 • Access Your Shared Files From a Computer, see page 56 • Using the Media Server Feature, see page 57 • Using the Print Server Feature, see page 62 4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection This tutorial shows you how to set up your Internet connection using the Web Configurator. If you connect to the Internet through an ADSL connection, use the information from your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to configure the Device. Be sure to contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the Broadband screens. Click Network Setting > Broadband to open the following screen. Click Add New WAN Interface. In this example, the DSL connection has the following information. General Name MyDSLConnection Type ADSL VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 35 Chapter 4 Tutorials Connection Mode Routing Encapsulation PPPoE IPv6/IPv4 Mode IPv4 ATM PVC Configuration VPI/VCI 36/48 Encapsulation Mode LLC/SNAP-Bridging Service Category UBR without PCR Account Information PPP User Name 1234@DSL-Ex.com PPP Password ABCDEF! PPPoE Service Name MyDSL Static IP Address 192.168.1.32 Others PPPoE Passthrough: Disabled NAT: Enabled IGMP Multicast Proxy: Enabled Apply as Default Gateway: Enabled Select the Active check box. Enter the General and ATM PVC Configuration settings as provided above. Set the Type to ADSL over ATM. Choose the Encapsulation specified by your DSL service provider. For this example, the service provider requires a username and password to establish Internet connection. Therefore, select PPPoE as the WAN encapsulation type. Set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv4 Only. Enter the account information provided to you by your DSL service provider. Configure this rule as your default Internet connection by selecting the Apply as Default Gateway check box. Then select DNS as Static and enter the DNS server addresses provided to you, such as 192.168.5.2 (DNS server1)/192.168.5.1 (DNS server2). Leave the rest of the fields to the default settings. Click Apply to save your settings. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 36 Chapter 4 Tutorials You should see a summary of your new DSL connection setup in the Broadband screen as follows. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 37 Chapter 4 Tutorials Try to connect to a website to see if you have correctly set up your Internet connection. Be sure to contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the WAN screens. 4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet. In this wireless network, the Device serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is the wireless client. The wireless client can access the Internet through the AP. Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the Device. Then he can set up a wireless network using WPS (Section 4.3.2 on page 40) or manual configuration (Section 4.3.3 on page 43). 4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings This example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network. SSID Example Security Mode WPA2-PSK Pre-Shared Key DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork 802.11 Mode 802.11b/g/n Mixed Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level and WPA2-PSK as the security mode. Configure the screen using the provided parameters (see page 38). Click Apply. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 38 Chapter 4 Tutorials Go to the Wireless > Others screen and select 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the 802.11 Mode field. Click Apply. Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and the Device (see Section 4.3.2 on page 40). He can also use the notebook’s wireless client to search for the Device (see Section 4.3.3 on page 43). VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 39 Chapter 4 Tutorials 4.3.2 Using WPS This section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. It uses the Device as the AP and ZyXEL NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to the notebook. Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or PCMCIA card). There are two WPS methods to set up the wireless client settings: • Push Button Configuration (PBC) - simply press a button. This is the easier of the two methods. • PIN Configuration - configure a Personal Identification Number (PIN) on the Device. A wireless client must also use the same PIN in order to download the wireless network settings from the Device. Push Button Configuration (PBC) Make sure that your Device is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of the wireless signal. Make sure that you have installed the wireless client driver and utility in your notebook. In the wireless client utility, go to the WPS setting page. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or WPS button). Push and hold the WPS button located on the Device’s front panel for more than 5 seconds. Alternatively, you may log into Device’s web configurator and go to the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the WPS function and click Apply. Then click the Connect button. Note: Your Device has a WPS button located on its front panel as well as a WPS button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function: you can use one or the other. Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first one. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 40 Chapter 4 Tutorials The Device sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the Device securely. The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by pressing a button on both Device and wireless client. Example WPS Process: PBC Method Wireless Client Device WLAN/ WPS WITHIN 2 MINUTES Press and hold for 5 seconds SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION PIN Configuration When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the Device’s web configurator and the wireless client’s utility. Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to get a PIN number. Log into Device’s web configurator and go to the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the WPS function and click Apply. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 41 Chapter 4 Tutorials Enter the PIN number of the wireless client and click the Register button. Activate WPS function on the wireless client utility screen within two minutes. The Device authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the Device securely. The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a Device and a wireless client by using PIN method. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 42 Chapter 4 Tutorials Example WPS Process: PIN Method Wireless Client ZyXEL Device WITHIN 2 MINUTES Authentication by PIN SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 4.3.3 Without WPS Use the wireless adapter’s utility installed on the notebook to search for the “Example” SSID. Then enter the “DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork” pre-shared key to establish an wireless Internet connection. Note: The Device supports IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g wireless clients. Make sure that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 43 Chapter 4 Tutorials 4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups Company A wants to create different wireless network groups for different types of users as shown in the following figure. Each group has its own SSID and security mode. Company Guest VIP • Employees in Company A will use a general Company wireless network group. • Higher management level and important visitors will use the VIP group. • Visiting guests will use the Guest group, which has a lower security mode. Company A will use the following parameters to set up the wireless network groups. COMPANY VIP GUEST SSID Company VIP Guest Security Level More Secure More Secure Basic Security Mode WPA2-PSK WPA2-PSK Static WEP Pre-Shared Key ForCompanyOnly ForVIPOnly Guest12345678 Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Use this screen to set up the company’s general wireless network group. Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 44 Chapter 4 Tutorials Click Network Setting > Wireless > More AP to open the following screen. Click the Edit icon to configure the second wireless network group. The following screen does not apply to VMG4381. Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 45 Chapter 4 Tutorials In the More AP screen, click the Edit icon to configure the third wireless network group. Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 46 Chapter 4 Tutorials Check the status of VIP and Guest in the More AP screen. The yellow bulbs signify that the SSIDs are active and ready for wireless access. 4.5 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to the Device’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This tutorial shows how to configure a static routing rule for two network routings. In the following figure, router R is connected to the Device’s LAN. R connects to two networks, N1 (192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1 network) to computer B (in N2 network), the traffic is sent to the Device’s WAN default gateway by default. In this case, B will never receive the traffic. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 47 Chapter 4 Tutorials N1 N2 You need to specify a static routing rule on the Device to specify R as the router in charge of forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the Device routes traffic from A to R and then R routes the traffic to B. N1 N2 This tutorial uses the following example IP settings: Table 4 IP Settings in this Tutorial DEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESS The Device’s WAN 172.16.1.1 The Device’s LAN 192.168.1.1 IP Type IPv4 Use Interface ADSL/atm0 192.168.1.34 R’s N1 192.168.1.253 R’s N2 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.33 VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 48 Chapter 4 Tutorials To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2: Log into the Device’s Web Configurator in advanced mode. Click Network Setting > Routing. Click Add new static route in the Static Route screen. Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings: 4a Select the Active check box. Enter the Route Name as R. 4b Set IP Type to IPv4. 4c Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2. 4d Select Enable in the Use Gateway IP Address field. Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the Gateway IP Address field. 4e Select ADSL/atm0 as the Use Interface. 4a Click OK. Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall settings to allow specific traffic to pass through. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 49 Chapter 4 Tutorials 4.6 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup This section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen. Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize e-mail traffic because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also upload data files (such as logs and e-mail archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your colleagues use the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other branch offices. In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission bandwidth of 10,000 kbps. For this example, you want to configure QoS so that e-mail traffic gets the highest priority with at least 5,000 kbps. You can do the following: • Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (1) to e-mail traffic going to the WAN interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion. • Note the IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) and/or MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example) of your computer and map it to queue 7. Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the Device. Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on the Device. QoS Example DSL 10,000 kbps Your computer IP=192.168.1.23 and/or MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF Email traffic: Highest priority A colleague’s computer Other traffic: Automatic classifier Click Network Setting > QoS > General and select Enable. Set your WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth to 10,000 kbps (or leave this blank to have the Device automatically determine this figure). Click Apply. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 50 Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial: Advanced > QoS Click Queue Setup > Add new Queue to create a new queue. In the screen that opens, check Active and enter or select the following values: • Name: E-mail • Interface: WAN • Priority: 1 (High) • Weight: 8 • Rate Limit: 5,000 (kbps) Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup Click Class Setup > Add new Classifier to create a new class. Check Active and follow the settings as shown in the screen below. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 51 Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Class Setup Class Name Give a class name to this traffic, such as E-mail in this example. From Interface This is the interface from which the traffic will be coming from. Select LAN1 for this example. Ether Type Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP address or MAC address. IP Address Type the IP address of your computer - 192.168.1.23. Type the IP Subnet Mask if you know it. MAC Address Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the MAC Mask if you know it. To Queue Index Link this to an item in the Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup screen, which is the Email queue created in this example. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 52 Chapter 4 Tutorials This maps e-mail traffic coming from port 25 to the highest priority, which you have created in the previous screen (see the IP Protocol field). This also maps your computer’s IP address and MAC address to the E-mail queue (see the Source fields). Verify that the queue setup works by checking Network Setting > QoS > Monitor. This shows the bandwidth allotted to e-mail traffic compared to other network traffic. 4.7 Access the Device Using DDNS If you connect your Device to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is inconvenient for you to manage the device from the Internet. The Device’s WAN IP address changes dynamically. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the Device using a domain name. http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org a.b.c.d w.x.y.z To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org. This tutorial covers: • Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org • Configuring DDNS on Your Device • Testing the DDNS Setting Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS. 4.7.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org. Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and password. Log into www.dyndns.org using your account. Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example. • Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org • Service Type: Host with IP address • IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your Device is currently using. You can find the IP address on the Device’s Web Configurator Status page. Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the Device later. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 53 Chapter 4 Tutorials 4.7.2 Configuring DDNS on Your Device Configure the following settings in the Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS screen. • Select Enable Dynamic DNS. • Select www.DynDNS.com as the service provider. • Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field. • Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345). Click Apply. 4.7.3 Testing the DDNS Setting Now you should be able to access the Device from the Internet. To test this: Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the Internet. Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter]. The Device’s login page should appear. You can then log into the Device and manage it. 4.8 Configuring the MAC Address Filter Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and downloading media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she can concentrate on preparing for her final exams. Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the Device. Thomas decides to use the Security > MAC Filter screen to grant wireless network access to his computer but not to Josephine’s computer. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 54 Chapter 4 Tutorials Thomas Josephine Click Security > MAC Filter to open the MAC Filter screen. Select the Enable check box to activate MAC filter function. Select Allow. Then enter the host name and MAC address of Thomas’ computer in this screen. Click Apply. Thomas can also grant access to the computers of other members of his family and friends. However, Josephine and others not listed in this screen will no longer be able to access the Internet through the Device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 55 Chapter 4 Tutorials 4.9 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer Here is how to use an FTP program to access a file storage device connected to the Device’s USB port. Note: This example uses the FileZilla FTP program to browse your shared files. In FileZilla enter the IP address of the Device (the default is 192.168.1.1), your account’s user name and password and port 21 and click Quickconnect. A screen asking for password authentication appears. File Sharing via Windows Explorer Once you log in the USB device displays in the mnt folder. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 56 Chapter 4 Tutorials 4.10 Using the Media Server Feature Use the media server feature to play files on a computer or on your television (using DMA-2500). This section shows you how the media server feature works using the following media clients: • Microsoft (MS) Windows Media Player Media Server works with Windows Vista and Windows 7. Make sure your computer is able to play media files (music, videos and pictures). • ZyXEL DMA-2500, a digital media adapter You need to set up the DMA-2500 to work with your television (TV). Refer to the DMA-2500 Quick Start Guide for the correct hardware connections. Before you begin, connect the USB storage device containing the media files you want to play to the USB port of your Device. 4.10.1 Configuring the Device Note: The Media Server feature is enabled by default. To use your Device as a media server, click Network Setting > Home Networking > Media Server. Tutorial: USB Services > Media Server Check Enable Media Server and click Apply. This enables DLNA-compliant media clients to play the video, music and image files in your USB storage device. 4.10.2 Using Windows Media Player This section shows you how to play the media files on the USB storage device connected to your Device using Windows Media Player. Tutorial: Media Server Setup (Using Windows Media Player) USB Storage Device Computer with Windows Media Player ZyXEL Device VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 57 Chapter 4 Tutorials Windows Vista Open Windows Media Player and click Library > Media Sharing as follows. Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows Vista Check Find media that others are sharing in the following screen and click OK. Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows Vista (2) In the Library screen, check the left panel. The Windows Media Player should detect the Device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 58 Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows Vista (3) The Device displays as a playlist. Clicking on the category icons in the right panel shows you the media files in the USB storage device attached to your Device. Windows 7 Open Windows Media Player. It should automatically detect the Device. Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows 7 (1) If you cannot see the Device in the left panel as shown above, right-click Other Libraries > Refresh Other Libraries. Select a category in the left panel and wait for Windows Media Player to connect to the Device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 59 Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows 7 (2) In the right panel, you should see a list of files available in the USB storage device. Tutorial: Media Sharing using Windows 7 (2) 4.10.3 Using a Digital Media Adapter This section shows you how you can use the Device with a ZyXEL DMA-2500 to play media files stored in the USB storage device in your TV screen. Note: For this tutorial, your DMA-2500 should already be set up with the TV according to the instructions in the DMA-2500 Quick Start Guide. Connect the DMA-2500 to an available LAN port in your Device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 60 Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial: Media Server Setup (Using DMA) USB Storage Device DMA-2500 ZyXEL Device Turn on the TV and wait for the DMA-2500 Home screen to appear. Using the remote control, go to MyMedia to open the following screen. Select the Device as your media server. Tutorial: Media Sharing using DMA-2500 The screen shows you the list of available media files in the USB storage device. Select the file you want to open and push the Play button in the remote control. Tutorial: Media Sharing using DMA-2500 (2) VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 61 Chapter 4 Tutorials 4.11 Using the Print Server Feature The Device allows you to share a USB printer on your LAN. You can do this by connecting a USB printer to one of the USB ports on the Device and then adding the printer on the computers connected to your network. In this section you can: • Add a New Printer Using Windows • Add a New Printer Using Macintosh OS X Add a New Printer Using Windows This example shows how to connect a printer to your Device using the Windows 7 operating system. Some menu items may look different on your operating system. Click Start > Control Panel > Devices and Printers to open the Devices and Printers screen. Click Add a printer. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 62 Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial: Printers Folder The Add Printer wizard screen displays. Click Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer. Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Welcome Click The printer that I want isn’t listed. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 63 Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Welcome Select the Select a shared printer by name option. Enter the URL for your printer, http:// 192.168.1.1:631/printers/USB_PRINTER, in this example. This URL can be found in the Device’s Web Configurator on the Network Setting > USB Service > Printer Server screen. Click Next. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 64 Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Welcome Install the printer driver. Please check the Windows CD if it includes the printer driver. If not, please install the driver from the CD included with your printer or by downloading it from the printer vendor’s website. After the printer driver installs successfully, choose if you want to set this printer to be the default. Add a New Printer Using Macintosh OS X Complete the following steps to set up a print server driver on your Macintosh computer. Click the Print Center icon located in the Macintosh Dock (a place holding a series of icons/ shortcuts at the bottom of the desktop). Proceed to step 6 to continue. If the Print Center icon is not in the Macintosh Dock, proceed to the next step. On your desktop, double-click the Macintosh HD icon to open the Macintosh HD window. Tutorial: Macintosh HD VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 65 Chapter 4 Tutorials Double-click the Applications folder. Tutorial: Macintosh HD folder Double-click the Utilities folder. Tutorial: Applications Folder Double-click the Print Center icon. Tutorial: Utilities Folder Click the Add icon at the top of the screen. Tutorial: Printer List Folder Set up your printer in the Printer List configuration screen. Select IP Printing from the dropdown list box. In the Printer’s Address field, type the IP address of your Device. Deselect the Use default queue on server check box. 10 Type LP1 in the Queue Name field. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 66 Chapter 4 Tutorials 11 Select your Printer Model from the drop-down list box. If the printer's model is not listed, select Generic. Tutorial: Printer Configuration 12 Click Add to select a printer model, save and close the Printer List configuration screen. Tutorial: Printer Model 13 The Name LP1 on 192.168.1.1 displays in the Printer List field. The default printer Name displays in bold type. Tutorial: Print Server Your Macintosh print server driver setup is complete. You can now use the Device’s print server to print from a Macintosh computer. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 67 Chapter 4 Tutorials VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 68 P ART II Technical Reference 69 70 C HAPT ER Network Map and Status Screens 5.1 Overview After you log into the Web Configurator, the Network Map screen appears. This shows the network connection status of the Device and clients connected to it. You can use the Status screen to look at the current status of the Device, system resources, and interfaces (LAN, WAN, and WLAN). 5.2 The Network Map Screen Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning message appears if there is a connection problem. If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing Mode selection box. You can configure how often you want the Device to update this screen in Refresh Interval. Figure 15 Network Map: Icon Mode Figure 16 Network Map: List Mode VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 71 Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens In Icon Mode, if you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and Info. Click the IP address if you want to change it. If you want to change the name or icon of the client, click Change icon/name. In List Mode, you can also view the client’s information. 5.3 The Status Screen Use this screen to view the status of the Device. Click Status to open this screen. Figure 17 Status Screen VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 72 Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens Each field is described in the following table. Table 5 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Refresh Interval Select how often you want the Device to update this screen. Device Information Host Name This field displays the Device system name. It is used for identification. Model Number This shows the model number of your Device. Firmware Version This is the current version of the firmware inside the Device. WAN Information (These fields display when you have a WAN connection.) WAN Type This field displays the current WAN connection type. MAC Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your Device. IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the Device in the WAN. Click Release to release your IP address to 0.0.0.0. If you want to renew your IP address, click Renew. IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN. Encapsulation This field displays the current encapsulation method. LAN Information IP Address This is the current IP address of the Device in the LAN. IP Subnet Mask This is the current subnet mask in the LAN. DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are: Server - The Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN. Relay - The Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients. None - The Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN. MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your Device. WLAN Information MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your Device. Status This displays whether WLAN is activated. SSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the Device in a wireless LAN. Channel This is the channel number used by the Device now. Security This displays the type of security mode the Device is using in the wireless LAN. 802.11 Mode This displays the type of 802.11 mode the Device is using in the wireless LAN. WPS This displays whether WPS is activated. Security Firewall This displays the firewall’s current security level. System Status System Up Time This field displays how long the Device has been running since it last started up. The Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or when you reset it. Current Date/Time This field displays the current date and time in the Device. You can change this in Maintenance> Time Setting. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 73 Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens Table 5 Status Screen (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION System Resource CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the Device’s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the Device is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see Chapter 10 on page 163). Memory Usage This field displays what percentage of the Device’s memory is currently used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the Device is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 34.2 on page 279, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 74 C HAPT ER Broadband 6.1 Overview This chapter discusses the Device’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure your Device for Internet access. A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations. Figure 18 LAN and WAN WAN 3G (third generation) standards for the sending and receiving of voice, video, and data in a mobile environment. You can attach a 3G wireless adapter to the USB port and set the Device to use this 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connection fails. Figure 19 3G WAN Connection 6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter • Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure the WAN settings on the Device for Internet access (Section 6.2 on page 79). • Use the 3G Backup screen to configure 3G WAN connection (Section 6.3 on page 89). VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 75 Chapter 6 Broadband • Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR functions (Section 6.4 on page 93). • Use the 8021x screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1x settings on the Device (Section 6.5 on page 95). Table 6 WAN Setup Overview LAYER-2 INTERFACE CONNECTION ADSL/VDSL over PTM ADSL over ATM INTERNET CONNECTION DSL LINK TYPE MODE ENCAPSULATION CONNECTION SETTINGS N/A Routing PPPoE PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU IPoE IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU Bridge N/A VLAN and QoS Routing PPPoE/PPP0A ATM PCV configuration, PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU IPoE/IPoA ATM PCV configuration, IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU N/A ATM PCV configuration, and QoS EoA Bridge 6.1.2 What You Need to Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter. Encapsulation Method Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication. WAN IP Address The WAN IP address is an IP address for the Device, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the Device tries to access the Internet. If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es). ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 76 Chapter 6 Broadband Service) can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC) between Finding Out More PTM Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM, packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM. 3G 3G (Third Generation) is a digital, packet-switched wireless technology. Bandwidth usage is optimized as multiple users share the same channel and bandwidth is only allocated to users when they send data. It allows fast transfer of voice and non-voice data and provides broadband Internet access to mobile devices. IPv6 Introduction IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses. The Device can use IPv4/IPv6 dual stack to connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and supports IPv6 rapid deployment (6RD). IPv6 Addressing The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000. IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways: • Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0. • Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015, 2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15. IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example, 2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32 means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 77 Chapter 6 Broadband IPv6 Subnet Masking Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided into eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each character (1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example, FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000. IPv6 Rapid Deployment Use IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an IPv4 network. When the Device has an IPv4 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv4 Only, you can enable 6rd to encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network. The Device generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s Border Relay router (BR in the figure) to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local network can also use IPv4 services. The Device uses it’s configured IPv4 WAN IP to route IPv4 traffic to the IPv4 Internet. Figure 20 IPv6 Rapid Deployment LAN - IPv6 - IPv4 WAN - IPv4 - IPv6 in IPv4 ISP (IPv4) IPv6 in IPv4 IPv6 + IPv4 BR IPv6 Internet IPv4 IPv4 Internet Dual Stack Lite Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network. When the Device has an IPv6 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv6 Only, you can enable Dual Stack Lite to use IPv4 computers and services. The Device tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family Transition Router (AFTR in the graphic) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also use IPv6 services. The VDSL Router uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6 Internet. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 78 Chapter 6 Broadband Figure 21 Dual Stack Lite WAN - IPv6 - IPv4 in IPv6 LAN - IPv6 - IPv4 ISP (IPv6) IPv6 IPv6 + IPv4 IPv6 Internet IPv4 in IPv6 AFTR IPv4 Internet 6.1.3 Before You Begin You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this information from your ISP. 6.2 The Broadband Screen Use this screen to change your Device’s Internet access settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband from the menu. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services (connections) on the Device. Figure 22 Network Setting > Broadband The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new WAN Interface Click this button to create a new connection. This is the index number of the entry. Name This is the service name of the connection. Type This shows whether it is an ATM, PTM, or Ethernet connection. Mode This shows whether the connection is in routing or bridge mode. Encapsulation This is the method of encapsulation used by this connection. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 79 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION 802.1p This indicates the 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no priority level assigned. 802.1q This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned. IGMP Proxy This shows whether the Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. NAT This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection. Default Gateway This shows whether the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default gateway. IPv6 This shows whether IPv6 is activated or not for this connection. IPv6 is not available when the connection uses the bridging service. MLD Proxy This shows whether Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is activated or not for this connection. MLD is not available when the connection uses the bridging service. Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection. Click the Delete icon to remove the WAN connection. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 80 Chapter 6 Broadband 6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection Click Add new WAN Interface in the Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN interface to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the interface type, mode, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode you select. 6.2.1.1 Routing Mode Use Routing mode if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. The following example screen displays when you select the ADSL over ATM connection type, Routing mode, and PPPoE encapsulation. The screen varies when you select other interface type, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode. Figure 23 Routing Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Routing Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION General Active Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings. Name Specify a descriptive name for this connection. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 81 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 8 Routing Mode (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Type Select whether it is ADSL/VDSL over PTM, ADSL over ATM, or Ethernet connection. • • • ADSL/VDSL over PTM: The Device uses the VDSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port. ADSL over ATM: The Device uses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port. Ethernet: The Device transmits data over the Ethernet WAN port. Select this if you have a DSL router or modem in your network already. Mode Select Routing if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. This option is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field. • • • • PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE): PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. Select this if you have a username and password for Internet access. IP over Ethernet (IPoE): In this type of Internet connection, IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. PPP over ATM (PPPoA): PPPoA allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC. IP over ATM (IPoA): IPoA allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC. If your connection type is ADSL/VDSL over PTM or Ethernet, the choices are PPPoE and IPoE. If your connection type is ADSL over ATM, the choices are PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE and IPoA. IPv6/IPv4 Mode Select IPv4 Only if you want the Device to run IPv4 only. Select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack to allow the Device to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time. Select IPv6 Only if you want the Device to run IPv6 only. ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.) VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you. VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you. DSL Link Type This field is not editable. The selection depends on the setting in the Encapsulation field. EoA (Ethernet over ATM) uses an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods. PPPoA (PPP over ATM) allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC. IPoA (IP over ATM) allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 82 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 8 Routing Mode (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Encapsulation Mode Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are: • • • • Service Category LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field. VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To transport multiple protocols, the Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload. LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. This is available only when you select PPPoA in the Encapsulation field. LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header is prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can be followed by an IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This is available only when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field. Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation. Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR. Sustainable Cell Rate The Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR. Maximum Burst Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR. PPP Information This is available only when you select PPPoE or PPPoA in the Mode field. PPP User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given. PPP Password Enter the password associated with the user name above. PPP Auto Connect Select this option if you do not want the connection to time out. IDLE Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. This field is not configurable if you select PPP Auto Connect. PPPoE Service Name Enter the name of your PPPoE service here. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 83 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 8 Routing Mode (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION PPPoE Passthrough This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation. In addition to the Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address. PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate. Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP. IP Address This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/ IPv4 Mode field. Obtain an IP Address Automatically A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you have a dynamic IP address. Static IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP. Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP. Gateway IP Address Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP. Routing Feature This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/ IPv4 Mode field. NAT Enable Select this option to activate NAT on this connection. IGMP Proxy Enable Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. Select this option to have the Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly. Apply as Default Gateway Select this option to have the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default gateway. DNS Server This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/ IPv4 Mode field. DNS Select Dynamic if you want the Device use the DNS server addresses assigned by your ISP. Select Static if you want the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually. DNS Server 1 Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP. DNS Server 2 Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP. IPv6 Address This is available only when you select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv6/ IPv4 Mode field. IPv6 Address Select Automatic if you want to have the Device use the IPv6 prefix from the connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address. Select the Get IPv6 Address From DHCPv6 Server checkbox if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server. The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority over the IP address automatically generated by the Device using the IPv6 prefix from an RA. This option is available only when you choose to get your IPv6 address automatically. Select Static if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP. WAN IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address assigned by your ISP. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 84 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 8 Routing Mode (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Prefix Length Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address compose the network address. Next Hop Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same segment as your Device's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations. IPv6 Routing Feature You can enable IPv6 routing features in the following section. MLD Proxy Enable Select this checkbox to have the Device act as an MLD proxy on this connection. This allows the Device to get subscription information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly. Apply as Default Gateway Select this option to have the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default gateway. IPv6 DNS Server Configure the IPv6 DNS server in the following section. IPv6 DNS Select Dynamic to have the Device get the IPv6 DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically. Select Static to have the Device use the IPv6 DNS server addresses you configure manually. IPv6 DNS Server 1 Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP. IPv6 DNS Server 2 Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP. Tunnel The IPv6 rapid deployment fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field to IPv4 Only. See IPv6 Rapid Deployment on page 78 for more information. Enable 6RD Enable IPv6 rapid deployment to tunnel IPv6 traffic from the local network through the ISP’s IPv4 network. 6RD Type Select Static if you have the IPv4 address of the relay server, otherwise select DHCP to have the Device detect it automatically through DHCP. 6RD Border Relay Server IP When you set the 6RD Type to Static, specify the relay server IPv4 address. 6RD IPv6 Prefix Enter an IPv6 prefix for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s Border Relay router and connecting to the native IPv6 Internet. Tunnel The Dual Stack Lite fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field to IPv6 Only. Enable Dual Stack Lite to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. See Dual Stack Lite on page 78 for more information. Enable DSLite Enable Dual Stack Lite to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. DS-Lite Relay Server IP Specify the transition router’s IPv6 address. VLAN These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL/VDSL over PTM. Active Select this option to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection. 802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level. 802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 85 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 8 Routing Mode (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION QoS Rate Limit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this connection. MTU MTU Size Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 6.2.1.2 Bridge Mode Click the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to the connection you want to configure. Select Bridge as the encapsulation mode. The screen varies depending on the interface type you select. If you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface type, the following screen appears. Figure 24 Bridge Mode (ADSL/VDSL over PTM) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 9 Bridge Mode (ADSL/VDSL over PTM) LABEL DESCRIPTION General Active Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings. Name Enter a service name of the connection. Type Select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface that you want to configure. The Device uses the VDSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port. Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s). VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 86 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 9 Bridge Mode (ADSL/VDSL over PTM) (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION VLAN This section is available only when you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM in the Type field. Active Select this to add the VLAN Tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection. 802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level. 802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection. QoS Rate Limit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this connection. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. If you select ADSL over ATM as the interface type, the following screen appears. Figure 25 Bridge Mode (ADSL over ATM) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 10 Bridge Mode (ADSL over ATM) LABEL DESCRIPTION General Active Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings. Name Enter a service name of the connection. Type Select ADSL over ATM as the interface for which you want to configure here. The Device uses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 87 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 10 Bridge Mode (ADSL over ATM) (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s). ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.) VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you. VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you. DSL Link Type This field is not editable. The selection depends on the setting in the Encapsulation field. EoA (Ethernet over ATM) uses an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods. PPPoA (PPP over ATM) allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC. IPoA (IP over ATM) allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC. Encapsulation Mode Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are: • • • • Service Category LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field. VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To transport multiple protocols, the Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload. LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. This is available only when you select PPPoA in the Encapsulation field. LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header is prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can be followed by an IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This is available only when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field. Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation. Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR. Sustainable Cell Rate The Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR. Maximum Burst Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR. QoS VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 88 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 10 Bridge Mode (ADSL over ATM) (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Rate Limit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this connection. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 6.3 The 3G Backup Screen Use this screen to configure your 3G settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup. Note: The actual data rate you obtain varies depending the 3G card you use, the signal strength to the service provider’s base station, and so on. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 89 Chapter 6 Broadband Figure 26 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 90 Chapter 6 Broadband The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup LABEL DESCRIPTION General 3G Backup Select Enable to have the Device use the 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connection fails. Ping Check Select Enable if you want the Device to ping check the connection status of your WAN. You can configure the frequency of the ping check and number of consecutive failures before triggering 3G backup. Check Cycle Enter the frequency of the ping check in this field. Consecutive Fail Enter how many consecutive failures are required before 3G backup is triggered. Ping Default Gateway Select this to have the Device ping the WAN interface’s default gateway IP address. Ping the Host Select this to have the Device ping the particular host name or IP address you typed in this field. 3G Connection Settings Card description This field displays the manufacturer and model name of your 3G card if you inserted one in the Device. Otherwise, it displays N/A. Username Type the user name (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service provider. Password Type the password (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user name above. PIN A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a 3G card. Without the PIN code, you cannot use the 3G card. If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example) provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the 3G card may be blocked by your ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet. If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank. Dial string Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provider’s base station. Your ISP should provide the phone number. For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or 3G connection in Taiwan. APN Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections with different APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-Media Messaging Service)) and charge method. You can enter up to 32 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed. Connection Select Nailed UP if you do not want the connection to time out. Select on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field. Max Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the Device automatically disconnects from the ISP. Obtain an IP Address Automatically Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Use the following static IP address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IP address. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 91 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Obtain DNS info dynamically Select this to have the Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically. Use the following static DNS IP address Select this to have the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually. Primary DNS server Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP. Secondary DNS server Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP. Advanced Click this to show the advanced 3G backup settings. Budget Setup Enable Budget Control Select Enable to set a monthly limit for the user account of the installed 3G card. You can set a limit on the total traffic and/or call time. The Device takes the actions you specified when a limit is exceeded during the month. Time Budget Select this and specify the amount of time (in hours) that the 3G connection can be used within one month. If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the statistics. Data Budget (Mbytes) Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in Mega bytes) can be transmitted via the 3G connection within one month. Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions. Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Device). Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Device to the ISP). If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the statistics. Data Budget (kPackets) Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in k Packets) can be transmitted via the 3G connection within one month. Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions. Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Device). Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Device to the ISP). If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the statistics. Reset all budget counters on Select the date on which the Device resets the budget every month. Select last if you want the Device to reset the budget on the last day of the month. Select specific and enter the number of the date you want the Device to reset the budget Reset time and data budget counters Click this button to reset the time and data budgets immediately. The count starts over with the 3G connection’s full configured monthly time and data budgets. This does not affect the normal monthly budget restart; so if you configured the time and data budget counters to reset on the second day of the month and you use this button on the first, the time and data budget counters will still reset on the second. Actions before over budget Specify the actions the Device takes before the time or data limit exceeds. Enable % of time budget/ data budget (Mbytes)/data budget (kPackets) Select Enable and enter a number from 1 to 99 in the percentage fields. If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the statistics. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 92 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Actions when over budget Specify the actions the Device takes when the time or data limit is exceeded. Current 3G connection Select Keep to maintain an existing 3G connection or Drop to disconnect it. Enable Email Notification Select this to enable the e-mail notification function. The Device will e-mail you a notification when there over budget occurs. Mail Server Select a mail server for the e-mail address specified below. If you do not select a mail server, e-mail notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. You must have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen. Over Budget Email Title Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the Device sends. Send Notification to Email Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank, notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. Interval Enter the interval of how many minutes you want the Device to e-mail you. Enable Log Select this to activate the logging function at the interval you set in this field. Basic Click this to hide the advanced settings of 3G backup. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration. 6.4 The Advanced Screen Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M, and DSL PhyR functions. The Device supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is a retransmission scheme designed to provide protection against noise on the DSL line. It improves voice, video and data transmission resilience by utilizing a retransmission buffer. 6.4.1 DSL Bonding If the DSLAM of your ISP supports DSL bonding, you can connect the two DSL ports on the Device to two separate telephone jacks and enable the bonding feature in the Advanced screen. DSL signals have distance limitations. VDSL2 (profile 17a) supports greater speed but offer shorter distances (within 3000 ft). The farther away the subscribers are from the DSLAM, the slower the speed. VDSL (profile 12a) provides longer distance range (over 3000 ft) but at lower speeds. DSL bonding allows subscribers to use data streams spread over two DSL lines in order to (almost) double the speed at longer distances. You may choose to use DSL bonding if the DSLAM supports it and there are two DSL lines to the DSLAM. The total available bandwidth for the subscriber then becomes the sum of the bandwidth available for each of the subscriber’s line connections. The data rate depends on the DSL type, its standard/ profile, and the standard/profile that the DSLAM supports. The table below shows the transmission data rate for single DSL line and DSL bonding. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 93 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 12 Comparison Table for Single DSL line and DSL Bonding ITEM PROFILE/ STANDARD MAX. DOWNSTREAM/ UPSTREAM DISTANCE VDSL2 VDSL BONDING ADSL2+ ADSL(2+) BONDING G993.2 Profile 17a G993.2 Profile 12a G.992.5 G.992.5 100/60 Mbps 50/25 x 2 = 100/50 Mbps 25/1 Mbps 25/1 x 2 = 50/2 Mbps within 3000 ft over 3000 ft over 5000 ft 5000 to 7000 ft For a single VDSL2 line, the profile is 17a, which provides a maximum data rate of 100/60 Mbps (downstream/upstream). A VDSL2 17a bonding profile can reach 200Mbps/100Mbps. If VDSL bonding is used, the supported profile is 12a, which provides a maximum data rate of 50/25 Mbps for each VDSL line. The ideal total data rate for the bonded connection is 100/50 Mbps. For a single ADSL line, the standard with the highest data rate supported is ADSL2+, which provides 25/1 Mbps data rate. When ADSL bonding is used, the data rate doubles to 50/2 Mbps. In addition, DSL bonding supports ADSL bonding fallback. If a VDSL connection cannot be established, the Device tries to use ADSL. If the VDSL connection is re-established, the Device automatically switches back to VDSL. You must enable DSL bonding in order to use ADSL fallback. Click Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced to display the following screen. Figure 27 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 Network Setting > Network Setting > Broadband LABEL DESCRIPTION State Select Enable to use the DSL bonding and ADSL fallback features. Make sure your ISP supports these functions. PTM over ADSL Select Enable to use PTM over ADSL. Since PTM has less overhead than ATM, some ISPs use PTM over ADSL for better performance. Annex M You can enable Annex M for the Device to use double upstream mode to increase the maximum upstream transfer rate. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 94 Chapter 6 Broadband Table 13 Network Setting > Network Setting > Broadband (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION PhyR US Enable or disable PhyR US (upstream) for upstream transmission to the WAN. PhyR US should be enabled if data being transmitted upstream is sensitive to noise. However, enabling PhyR US can decrease the US line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled. PhyR DS Enable or disable PhyR DS (downstream) for downstream transmission from the WAN. PhyR DS should be enabled if data being transmitted downstream is sensitive to noise. However, enabling PhyR DS can decrease the DS line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration. 6.5 The 8021x Screen You can view and configure the 802.1x authentication settings in the 8021x screen. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 8021x to display the following screen. Figure 28 Network Setting > Broadband > 8021x The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 14 Network Setting > Network Setting > 8021x LABEL DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the entry. Status This field displays whether the authentication is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this authentication is active. A gray bulb signifies that this authentication is not active. Interface This is the interface that uses the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no interface assigned. EAP Identity This shows the EAP identity of the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no EAP identity assigned. EAP method This shows the EAP method used in the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no EAP method assigned. Bidirectional Authentication This shows whether bidirectional authentication is allowed. Certificate This shows the certificate used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is no certificate assigned. Trusted CA This shows the Trusted CA used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is no Trusted CA assigned. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 95 Chapter 6 Broadband 6.5.1 Edit 802.1x Settings Use this screen to edit a 802.1x authentication’s settings. Click the Edit icon next to the rule you want to edit. The screen shown next appears. Figure 29 802.1x: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15 802.1x: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate the authentication. Select this to enable the authentication. Clear this to disable this authentication without having to delete the entry. Interface Select the interface that uses the authentication. EAP Identity Enter the EAP identity of the authentication. EAP method This is the EAP method used for this authentication. Enable Bidirectional Authentication Select this to allow bidirectional authentication. Certificate Select the certificate you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the certificate in the Security > Certificates > Local Certificates screen. Trusted CA Select the Trusted CA you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the certificate in the Security > Certificates > Trusted CA screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 6.6 Technical Reference The following section contains additional technical information about the Device features described in this chapter. Encapsulation Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The Device can work in bridge mode or routing mode. When the Device is in routing mode, it supports the following methods. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 96 Chapter 6 Broadband IP over Ethernet IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells. PPP over ATM (PPPoA) PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The Device encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP. PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS). One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the Device (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access. ATM Traffic Classes These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification. Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and voice. Variable Bit Rate (VBR) VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 97 Chapter 6 Broadband The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT) connections. The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics. The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer. IP Address Assignment A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and default gateway. Introduction to VLANs A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router. In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building. VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain. Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 98 Chapter 6 Broadband and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame). The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094. TPID User Priority CFI VLAN ID 2 Bytes 3 Bits 1 Bit 12 Bits Multicast IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. At start up, the Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the Device periodically updates this information. DNS Server Address Assignment Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways. The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields. If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the Device’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 99 Chapter 6 Broadband IPv6 Addressing The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000. IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways: • Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0. • Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015, 2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15. IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example, 2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32 means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 100 C HAPT ER Wireless 7.1 Overview This chapter describes the Device’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your Device’s wireless connection. 7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter This section describes the Device’s Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your Device’s wireless connection. • Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode (Section 7.2 on page 102). • Use the More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your Device (Section 7.3 on page 109). • Use the MAC Authentication screen to allow or deny wireless clients based on their MAC addresses from connecting to the Device (Section 7.4 on page 111). • Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) (Section 7.5 on page 112). • Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless networks for multimedia applications (Section 7.6 on page 114). • Use the WDS screen to set up a Wireless Distribution System, in which the Device acts as a bridge with other ZyXEL access points (Section 7.7 on page 114). • Use the Others screen to configure wireless advanced features, such as the RTS/CTS Threshold (Section 7.8 on page 116). • Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results (Section 7.9 on page 118). VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 101 Chapter 7 Wireless 7.1.2 What You Need to Know Wireless Basics “Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption. Finding Out More See Section 7.10 on page 118 for advanced technical information on wireless networks. 7.2 The General Screen Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode. Note: If you are configuring the Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the Device’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the Device’s new settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 102 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 30 Network Setting > Wireless > General The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Table 16 Network Setting > Wireless > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Wireless Network Setup Wireless You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field. Band This shows the wireless band which this radio profile is using. 2.4GHz is the frequency used by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless clients. Channel Set the channel depending on your particular region. Select a channel or use Auto to have the Device automatically determine a channel to use. If you are having problems with wireless interference, changing the channel may help. Try to use a channel that is as many channels away from any channels used by neighboring APs as possible. The channel number which the Device is currently using then displays next to this field. more.../less Click more... to show more information. Click less to hide them. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 103 Chapter 7 Wireless Table 16 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Bandwidth Select whether the Device uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or 40MHz. A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps. 40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal. Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding. Control Sideband This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth field to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the Channel field) should be in the Lower or Upper range of channel bands. Passphrase Type If you set security for the wireless LAN and have the Device generate a password, the setting in this field determines how the Device generates the password. Select None to set the Device’s password generation to not be based on a passphrase. Select Fixed to use a 16 character passphrase for generating a password. Select Variable to use a 16 to 63 character passphrase for generating a password. Passphrase Key For a fixed type passphrase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive. For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive. Wireless Network Settings Wireless Network Name (SSID) The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. Client Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with each other through the Device. MBSSID/LAN Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with clients in other SSIDs or wired LAN devices through the Device. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Select both Client Isolation and MBSSID/LAN Isolation to allow this SSID’s wireless clients to only connect to the Internet through the Device. Enhanced Multicast Forwarding Select this check box to allow the Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless unicast traffic. BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the Device when wireless LAN is enabled. Maximum Bandwidth Specify the maximum rate for wireless traffic in kilobits per second (Kbps). Security Level Security Mode Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the Device. When you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data encryption or authentication. See the following sections for more details about this field. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 104 Chapter 7 Wireless Table 16 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 7.2.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption or authentication. Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 31 Wireless > General: No Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 17 Wireless > General: No Security LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Level Choose No Security to allow all wireless connections without data encryption or authentication. 7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points (AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key. Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using widely-available software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the wireless devices in your network support. For example, use WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK if all your wireless devices support it, or use WPA or WPA2 if your wireless devices support it and you have a RADIUS server. If your wireless devices support nothing stronger than WEP, use the highest encryption level available. Your Device allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time. In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen, then select Basic as the security level. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 105 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 32 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 18 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP) LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Level Select Basic to enable WEP data encryption. Generate password automatically Select this option to have the Device automatically generate a password. The password field will not be configurable when you select this option. Password 1~4 The password (WEP keys) are used to encrypt data. Both the Device and the wireless stations must use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one password, only one password can be activated at any one time. The default password is Passowrd 1. more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them. WEP Encryption Select 64-bits or 128-bits. This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 106 Chapter 7 Wireless 7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the Device and the connecting client share a common password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of the WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it less robust than it could be. Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list. Figure 33 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption. Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box. Generate password automatically Select this option to have the Device automatically generate a password. The password field will not be configurable when you select this option. Password The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. If you did not select Generate password automatically, you can manually type a preshared key from 8 to 64 case-sensitive keyboard characters. more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them. WPA-PSK Compatible This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode. Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your Device. The Device supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 107 Chapter 7 Wireless Table 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Encryption Select the encryption type (AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption. Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES. Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES. Group Key Update Timer The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to all clients. 7.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication The WPA2 security mode is currently the most robust form of encryption for wireless networks. It requires a RADIUS server to authenticate user credentials and is a full implementation the security protocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your network. However, it is the least backwards compatible with older devices. The WPA security mode is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the presence of a RADIUS server on your network in order to validate user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices. Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list. Figure 34 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 20 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption. Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box. Authentication Server IP Address Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 108 Chapter 7 Wireless Table 20 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) (continued) LABEL Port Number DESCRIPTION Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the Device. The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your Device. The key is not sent over the network. more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them. WPA Compatible This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the Device to support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously. Encryption Select the encryption type (AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption. Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES. Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES. WPA2 PreAuthentication Network Reauth Interval This field is available only when you select WPA2. Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. Select Enabled to turn on preauthentication in WAP2. Otherwise, select Disabled. Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority. Group Key Update Timer The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to all clients. 7.3 The More AP Screen This screen is not applicable to VMG4381. This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the Device. Click Network Setting > Wireless > More AP. The following screen displays. Figure 35 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 109 Chapter 7 Wireless The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 21 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP LABEL DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the entry. Status This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active. A gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active. SSID An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the Device’s BSSs. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated. This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility. Security This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile. Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile. 7.3.1 Edit More AP This screen is not applicable to VMG4381. Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More AP screen. The following screen displays. Figure 36 More AP: Edit The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 22 More AP: Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Wireless Network Setup Wireless You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 110 Chapter 7 Wireless Table 22 More AP: Edit (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Passphrase Type If you set security for the wireless LAN and have the Device generate a password, the setting in this field determines how the Device generates the password. Select None to set the Device’s password generation to not be based on a passphrase. Select Fixed to use a 16 character passphrase for generating a password. Select Variable to use a 16 to 63 character passphrase for generating a password. Passphrase Key For a fixed type passphrase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive. For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive. Wireless Network Settings Wireless Network Name (SSID) The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. Client Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with each other. MBSSID/LAN Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with clients in other SSIDs or LAN devices. Enhanced Multicast Forwarding Select this check box to allow the Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless unicast traffic. Maximum Bandwidth Specify the maximum rate for wireless traffic in kilobits per second (Kbps). Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Security Level Security Mode Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the Device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data encryption or authentication. See Section 7.2.1 on page 105 for more details about this field. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 7.4 MAC Authentication This screen allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific devices (Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the ZyXEL Device (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen. Use this screen to view your Device’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules. Click Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 111 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 37 Wireless > MAC Authentication The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 23 Wireless > MAC Authentication LABEL DESCRIPTION SSID Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings. MAC Restrict Mode Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table. Select Disable to turn off MAC filtering. Select Deny to block access to the Device. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the Device. Select Allow to permit access to the Device. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the Device. Add new MAC address Click this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below. Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. This is the index number of the entry. MAC Address This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the Device. Modify Click the Delete icon to delete the entry. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 7.5 The WPS Screen Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your Device. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS. See Section 7.10.9.3 on page 127 for more information about WPS. Note: The Device applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 7.2 on page 102). If you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you have set the security mode of SSID1 to WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or No Security. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 112 Chapter 7 Wireless Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. Select Enable and click Apply to activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen. Figure 38 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS LABEL DESCRIPTION WPS Select Enable to activate WPS on the Device. Method 1 Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration (PBC). Connect Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the Connect button on this screen. Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of pressing this button. Method 2 Register Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the client into the Device. Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click Register to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network. You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s settings. Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its PIN to the Device. Method 3 Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the Device into the client. Release Configuratio The default WPS status is configured. Generate New PIN Number The PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the Device is shown here. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS. Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the Device. The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method. Click the Generate New PIN Number button to have the Device create a new PIN. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 113 Chapter 7 Wireless 7.6 The WMM Screen Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Power Save in wireless networks for multimedia applications. Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays. Figure 39 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM LABEL DESCRIPTION WMM Select On to have the Device automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly. WMM Automatic Power Save Delivery Select this option to extend the battery life of your mobile devices (especially useful for small devices that are running multimedia applications). The Device goes to sleep mode to save power when it is not transmitting data. The AP buffers the packets sent to the Device until the Device "wakes up". The Device wakes up periodically to check for incoming data. Note: Note: This works only if the wireless device to which the Device is connected also supports this feature. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 7.7 The WDS Screen An AP using the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) can function as a wireless network bridge allowing you to wirelessly connect two wired network segments. The WDS screen allows you to configure the Device to connect to two or more APs wirelessly when WDS is enabled. Use this screen to set up your WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links between the Device and other wireless APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device. Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made. Note: WDS security is independent of the security settings between the Device and any wireless clients. Note: At the time of writing, WDS is compatible with other ZyXEL APs only. Not all models support WDS links. Check your other AP’s documentation. Click Network Setting > Wireless > WDS. The following screen displays. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 114 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 40 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 26 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS LABEL DESCRIPTION Wireless Bridge Setup AP Mode Select the operating mode for your Device. • • Bridge Restrict Access Point - The Device functions as a bridge and access point simultaneously. Wireless Bridge - The Device acts as a wireless network bridge and establishes wireless links with other APs. In this mode, clients cannot connect to the Device wirelessly. This field is available only when you set operating mode to Access Point. Select Enabled to turn on WDS and enter the peer device’s MAC address manually in the table below. Select Disable to turn off WDS. Remote Bridge MAC Address You can enter the MAC address of the peer device by clicking the Edit icon under Modify. This is the index number of the entry. MAC Address This shows the MAC address of the peer device. You can connect to up to 4 peer devices. Modify Click the Edit icon and type the MAC address of the peer device in a valid MAC address format (six hexadecimal character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc). Click the Delete icon to remove this entry. Scan Click the Scan icon to search and display the available APs within range. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 7.7.1 WDS Scan You can click the Scan icon in Wireless > WDS to have the Device automatically search and display the available APs within range. Select an AP and click Apply to have the Device establish a wireless link with the selected wireless device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 115 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 41 WDS: Scan The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 WDS: Scan LABEL DESCRIPTION Wireless Bridge Scan Setup Refresh Click Refresh to update the table. This is the index number of the entry. SSID This shows the SSID of the available wireless device within range. BSSID This shows the MAC address of the available wireless device within range. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 7.8 The Others Screen Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless > Others. The screen appears as shown. See Section 7.10.2 on page 120 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen. Figure 42 Network Setting > Wireless > Others VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 116 Chapter 7 Wireless The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 Network Setting > Wireless > Others LABEL DESCRIPTION RTS/CTS Threshold Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake. Enter a value between 0 and 2347. Fragmentation Threshold This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2346. Auto Channel Timer If you set the channel to Auto in the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen, specify the interval in minutes for how often the Device scans for the best channel. Enter 0 to disable the periodical scan. Output Power Set the output power of the Device. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or 100%. Beacon Interval When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval. This specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again. The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low power mode before waking up to handle the beacon. This value can be set from20ms to 1000ms. A high value helps save current consumption of the access point. DTIM Interval Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Power Saving mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1 to 100. 802.11 Mode Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Device. Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Device. Select 802.11n Only to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Device. Select 802.11b/g Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Device. The transmission rate of your Device might be reduced. Select 802.11b/g/n Mixed to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Device. The transmission rate of your Device might be reduced. 802.11 Protection Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks (networks with both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic). Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance. Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your Device might be reduced in a mixed-mode network. This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b Only. Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list box. Choices are Long or Short. See Section 7.10.7 on page 124 for more information. This field is configurable only when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 117 Chapter 7 Wireless 7.9 The Channel Status Screen Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results. Click Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status. The screen appears as shown. Click Scan to scan the wireless LAN channels. You can view the results in the Channel Scan Result section. Figure 43 Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status 7.10 Technical Reference This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see Appendix D on page 331. 7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges. • A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer. • An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network. • A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a network’s range. Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 118 Chapter 7 Wireless • An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points. • An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one another in order to exchange information. The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 44 Example of a Wireless Network The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your Device is the AP. Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines. • Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier. • If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. • Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Radio Channels In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 119 Chapter 7 Wireless variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select a channel to use. Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available channels also varies. 7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the Device’s Web Configurator. Table 29 Additional Wireless Terms TERM DESCRIPTION RTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through. By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission. If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the Device. Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the Device does, it cannot communicate with the Device. Authentication The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. Fragmentation Threshold A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy. 7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it. These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are given the code key. These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 120 Chapter 7 Wireless Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is in place. A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key. The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network. 7.10.3.1 SSID Normally, the Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. 7.10.3.2 MAC Address Filter Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation. You can use the MAC address filter to tell the Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information. This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network. 7.10.3.3 User Authentication Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this. For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users. Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized 1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses. 2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 121 Chapter 7 Wireless wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network. 7.10.3.4 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 7.10.3.3 on page 121 for information about this.) Table 30 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication Weakest NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER No Security WPA Static WEP WPA-PSK Strongest WPA2-PSK WPA2 For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK. Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the Device and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network. Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly. When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your Device, you can also select an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the Device. Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key. 7.10.4 Signal Problems Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption. Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 122 Chapter 7 Wireless coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal. 7.10.5 BSS A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Figure 45 Basic Service set 7.10.6 MBSSID Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The Device’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security modes to different SSIDs. Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP. 7.10.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs • A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 123 Chapter 7 Wireless • You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not communicate with each other). • MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security. 7.10.7 Preamble Type Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet. Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications. Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the Device uses long preamble. Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate. 7.10.8 Wireless Distribution System (WDS) The Device can act as a wireless network bridge and establish WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links with other APs. You need to know the MAC addresses of the APs you want to link to. Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made. At the time of writing, WDS security is compatible with other ZyXEL access points only. Refer to your other access point’s documentation for details. The following figure illustrates how WDS link works between APs. Notebook computer A is a wireless client connecting to access point AP 1. AP 1 has no wired Internet connection, but it can establish a WDS link with access point AP 2, which has a wired Internet connection. When AP 1 has a WDS link with AP 2, the notebook computer can access the Internet through AP 2. Figure 46 WDS Link Example WDS AP 1 AP 2 7.10.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) Your Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 124 Chapter 7 Wireless WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves. 7.10.9.1 Push Button Configuration WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information. Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button. Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button. Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another. Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the Device, see Section 7.6 on page 114). Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the Device you must press the WPS button for more than three seconds. Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee. If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful. 7.10.9.2 PIN Configuration Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface). Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN method. When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network. Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 125 Chapter 7 Wireless Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices. Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this. Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the Device, see Section 7.5 on page 112). Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface. If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which. Start WPS on both devices within two minutes. Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself. On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS was successful. If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful. The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 126 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 47 Example WPS Process: PIN Method ENROLLEE REGISTRAR WPS This device’s WPS PIN: 123456 WPS Enter WPS PIN from other device: WPS WPS START START WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURE EAP TUNNEL SSID WPA(2)-PSK COMMUNICATION 7.10.9.3 How WPS Works When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly. The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 127 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 48 How WPS works ACTIVATE WPS ACTIVATE WPS WITHIN 2 MINUTES WPS HANDSHAKE ENROLLEE REGISTRAR SECURE TUNNEL SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary. The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device. Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients. By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults. 7.10.9.4 Example WPS Network Setup This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup. The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 128 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 49 WPS: Example Network Step 1 ENROLLEE REGISTRAR SECURITY INFO AP1 CLIENT 1 In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security information to Client 2. Figure 50 WPS: Example Network Step 2 REGISTRAR EXISTING CONNECTION AP1 CLIENT 1 ENROLLEE NF YI CU SE CLIENT 2 In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 129 Chapter 7 Wireless Figure 51 WPS: Example Network Step 3 EXISTING CONNECTION CLIENT 1 IS EX GC TIN ION CT NN AP1 REGISTRAR CLIENT 2 SE CU RIT ENROLLEE INF AP2 7.10.9.5 Limitations of WPS WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. • WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP). • When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other. For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way. • WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS. WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK). • When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network. You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 130 Chapter 7 Wireless access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 131 Chapter 7 Wireless VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 132 C HAPT ER Home Networking 8.1 Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices are connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building. Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses. LAN DSL 8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter • Use the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your Device (Section 8.2 on page 135). • Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses (Section 8.3 on page 138). • Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP and UPnP NAT traversal on the Device (Section 8.4 on page 140). • Use the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP (Section 8.5 on page 141). • Use the STB Vendor ID screen to have the Device automatically create static DHCP entries for Set Top Box (STB) devices when they request IP addresses (Section 8.8 on page 150) • Use the 5th Ethernet Port screen to configure the Ethernet WAN port as a LAN port (Section 8.9 on page 150). • Use the MoCA screen to set the MoCA Privacy, and enable multimedia and home networking over coaxial cable (Section 8.10 on page 151). • Use the LAN VLAN screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent out through individual LAN ports (Section 8.11 on page 152). • Use the TFTP Server Name screen to access the TFTP server using DHCP option 66 (Section 8.12 on page 152). VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 133 Chapter 8 Home Networking 8.1.2 What You Need To Know 8.1.2.1 About LAN IP Address IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet Mask Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. DHCP A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your Device an IP address, subnet mask, DNS and other routing information when it's turned on. DNS DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a networking device before you can access it. RADVD (Router Advertisement Daemon) When an IPv6 host sends a Router Solicitation (RS) request to discover the available routers, RADVD with Router Advertisement (RA) messages in response to the request. It specifies the minimum and maximum intervals of RA broadcasts. RA messages containing the address prefix. IPv6 hosts can be generated with the IPv6 prefix an IPv6 address. 8.1.2.2 About UPnP Identifying UPnP Devices UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. NAT Traversal UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following: • Dynamic port mapping • Learning public IP addresses VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 134 Chapter 8 Home Networking • Assigning lease times to mappings Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the Chapter 11 on page 181 for more information on NAT. Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only. All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. UPnP and ZyXEL ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0. See Section 8.5 on page 141 for examples of installing and using UPnP. Finding Out More See Section 8.13 on page 153 for technical background information on LANs. 8.1.3 Before You Begin Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List screen. 8.2 The LAN Setup Screen Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your Device. Click Network Setting > Home Networking to open the LAN Setup screen. Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings. Enter an IP address into the IP Address field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation. This will become the IP address of your Device. Enter the IP subnet mask into the IP Subnet Mask field. Unless instructed otherwise it is best to leave this alone, the configurator will automatically compute a subnet mask based upon the IP address you entered. Click Apply to save your settings. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 135 Chapter 8 Home Networking Figure 52 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 31 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Interface Group Group Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure LAN settings. See Chapter 13 on page 201 for how to create a new interface group. LAN IP Setup IP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default). Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0 (factory default). Your Device automatically computes the subnet mask based on the IP Address you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed to do so. IGMP Snooping Status Select the Enable IGMP Snooping checkbox to allows the Device to passively learn multicast group. IGMP Mode Select Standard Mode to have the Device forward multicast packets to a port that joins the multicast group and broadcast unknown multicast packets from the WAN to all LAN ports. Select Blocking Mode to have the Device block all unknown multicast packets from the WAN. DHCP Server State DHCP Select Enable to have the Device act as a DHCP server or DHCP relay agent. Select Disable to stop the DHCP server on the Device. Select DHCP Relay to have the Device forward DHCP request to the DHCP server. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 136 Chapter 8 Home Networking Table 31 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION DHCP Relay Server Address This field is only available when you select DHCP Relay in the DHCP field. IP Address Enter the IP address of the actual remote DHCP server in this field. IP Addressing Values This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field. Beginning IP Address This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. Ending IP Address This field specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. DHCP Server Lease Time This is the period of time DHCP-assigned addresses is used. DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to clients when they log in. DHCP centralizes IP address management on central computers that run the DHCP server program. DHCP leases addresses, for a period of time, which means that past addresses are “recycled” and made available for future reassignment to other systems. This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field. Days/Hours/ Minutes Enter the lease time of the DHCP server. DNS Values This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field. DNS Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider. Select Dynamic if you have the Dynamic DNS service. Select Static if you have the Static DNS service. DNS Server 1 DNS Server 2 Enter the first and second DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the Device passes to the DHCP clients. LAN IPv6 Mode Setup IPv6 State Select Enable to activate the IPv6 mode and configure IPv6 settings on the Device. LAN IPv6 Address Setup Delegate prefix from WAN Select this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the service provider or an uplink router. Static Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 address for the Device’s LAN IPv6 address. ULA IPv6 Address Setup IPv6 Address If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 address prefix that the Device uses for the LAN IPv6 address. Prefix Length If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 prefix length that the Device uses to generate the LAN IPv6 address. An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (starting from the left) in the address compose the network address. This field displays the bit number of the IPv6 subnet mask. MLD Snooping Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network. Select Enable MLD Snooping to activate MLD Snooping on the Device. This allows the Device to check MLD packets passing through it and learn the multicast group membership. It helps reduce multicast traffic. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 137 Chapter 8 Home Networking Table 31 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION LAN IPv6 Address Assign Setup Select how you want to obtain an IPv6 address: • • • • stateless + DNS send by RADVD: The Device uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. RADVD (Router Advertisement Daemon) is enabled to have the Device send IPv6 prefix information in router advertisements periodically and in response to router solicitations. DHCPv6 server is disabled. (See page 134 for more information on RADVD.) stateless + DNS send by DHCPv6: The Device uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. The DNS is provided by a DHCPv6 server. stateful + DHCPv6 server: The Device uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. The DHCPv6 server is enabled to have the Device act as a DHCPv6 server and pass IPv6 addresses, DNS server and domain name information to DHCPv6 clients. stateful + DHCPv6 relay: The Device uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. DHCPv6 Relay is enabled to have the Device relay client DHCPv6 requests. DHCPv6 Configuration DHCPv6 State This shows the status of the DHCPv6. IPv6 DNS Values IPv6 DNS Server 1-3 Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns IPv6 DNS server information. Select User-Defined if you have the IPv6 address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server IPv6 addresses the Device passes to the DHCP clients. Select None if you do not want to configure IPv6 DNS servers. IPv6 Address Values IPv6 Start Address If DHCPv6 is enabled, specify the first IPv6 address in the pool of addresses that can be assigned to DHCPv6 clients. IPv6 End Address If DHCPv6 is enabled, specify the last IPv6 address in the pool of addresses that can be assigned to DHCPv6 clients. IPv6 Domain Name If DHCPv6 is enabled, specify the domain name to be assigned to DHCPv6 clients. IPv6 Router Advertisement State RADVD State This shows the status of RADVD. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 8.3 The Static DHCP Screen This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Use this screen to change your Device’s static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP to open the following screen. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 138 Chapter 8 Home Networking Figure 53 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new static lease Click this to add a new static DHCP entry. This is the index number of the entry. Status This field displays whether the client is connected to the Device. MAC Address The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation). A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address. IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above. Modify Click the Edit icon to have the IP address field editable and change it. Click the Delete icon to delete a static DHCP entry. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the selected entry. If you click Add new static lease in the Static DHCP screen or the Edit icon next to a static DHCP entry, the following screen displays. Figure 54 Static DHCP: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Static DHCP: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to activate the connection between the client and the Device. Group Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure static DHCP settings. See Chapter 13 on page 201 for how to create a new interface group. Select Device Info If you select Manual Input, you can manually type in the MAC address and IP address of a computer on your LAN. You can also choose the name of a computer from the drop list and have the MAC Address and IP Address auto-detected. MAC Address If you select Manual Input, enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 139 Chapter 8 Home Networking Table 33 Static DHCP: Add/Edit (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address If you select Manual Input, enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 8.4 The UPnP Screen Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. See page 134 for more information on UPnP. Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your Device. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP to display the screen shown next. Figure 55 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP LABEL DESCRIPTION UPnP Select Enable to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the Device's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator). UPnP NAT-T Select Enable to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the Device so that they can communicate through the Device by using NAT traversal. UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 140 Chapter 8 Home Networking 8.5 Installing UPnP in Windows Example This section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. Installing UPnP in Windows Me Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 141 Chapter 8 Home Networking Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP. Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components …. Network Connections The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 142 Chapter 8 Home Networking Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Networking Services Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 8.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the Device. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the Device. Turn on your computer and the Device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 143 Chapter 8 Home Networking Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway. Right-click the icon and select Properties. Network Connections In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. Internet Connection Properties You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 144 Chapter 8 Home Networking Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically. Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. System Tray Icon Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 145 Chapter 8 Home Networking Internet Connection Status Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the Device without finding out the IP address of the Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the Device. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. Click Start and then Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. Select My Network Places under Other Places. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 146 Chapter 8 Home Networking Network Connections An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. Right-click on the icon for your Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays. Network Connections: My Network Places Right-click on the icon for your Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the Device. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 147 Chapter 8 Home Networking Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 148 Chapter 8 Home Networking 8.7 The Additional Subnet Screen Use the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP. IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The Device supports multiple logical LAN interfaces via its physical Ethernet interface with the Device itself as the gateway for the LAN network. When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access to the LAN's logical network (subnet). If your ISP provides the Public LAN service, the Device may use an LAN IP address that can be accessed from the WAN. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet to display the screen shown next. Figure 56 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Alias Setup Group Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure the IP alias settings. See Chapter 13 on page 201 for how to create a new interface group. Active Select the checkbox to configure a LAN network for the Device. IP Address Enter the IP address of your Device in dotted decimal notation. IP Subnet Mask Your Device will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the Device. Public LAN Active Select the checkbox to enable the Public LAN feature. Your ISP must support Public LAN and Static IP. IP Address Enter the public IP address provided by your ISP. IP Subnet Mask Enter the public IP subnet mask provided by your ISP. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 149 Chapter 8 Home Networking Table 35 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Offer Public IP by DHCP Select the checkbox to enable the Device to provide public IP addresses by DHCP server. Enable ARP Proxy Select the checkbox to enable the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 8.8 The STB Vendor ID Screen Set Top Box (STB) devices with dynamic IP addresses sometimes don’t renew their IP addresses before the lease time expires. This could lead to IP address conflicts if the STB continues to use an IP address that gets assigned to another device. Use this screen to list the Vendor IDs of connected STBs to have the Device automatically create static DHCP entries for them when they request IP addresses. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID to open this screen. Figure 57 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID LABEL DESCRIPTION Vendor ID 1 ~ Enter the STB’s vendor ID. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 8.9 The 5th Ethernet Port Screen If you are using DSL connection, you can configure your Ethernet WAN port as an extra LAN port. This fifth Ethernet port is a Gigabit port. Click Network Settings > Home Networking > 5th Ethernet Port to open this screen. VMG4381-B10A User’s Guide 150
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