ZyXEL Communications XMG3512-B10A Dual-Band Wireless AC/N VDSL2 Bonding Gateway with USB User Manual Book

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User’s Guide
XMG3512-B10A
Dual-Band Wireless AC/N VDSL2 Bonding Gateway with USB
Version 1.10 Edition 1, 11/2016
Default Login Details
LAN IP Address
Login
Password
http://192.168.1.1
admin, user
1234
Copyright © 2016 Zyxel Communications Corporation
IMPO RTANT!
READ C AREFULLY BEFO RE USE.
KEEP THIS G UIDE FO R FUTURE REFERENC E.
This is a User’s Guide for a system managing a series of products. Not all products support all features.
Menushots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from what you see due to differences in release
versions or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information
in this manual is accurate.
Re la te d Do c um e nta tio n
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the managed device
• More Information
Go to suppo rt.zyxe l.c o m to find other information on the XMG.
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
Contents Overview
C o nte nts O ve rvie w
Use r’s G uide ......................................................................................................................................14
Introducing the XMG ............................................................................................................................ 15
The Web Configurator ......................................................................................................................... 23
Quick Start ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Tutorials .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Te c hnic a l Re fe re nc e ........................................................................................................................55
Network Map and Status Screens ...................................................................................................... 56
Broadband ............................................................................................................................................ 61
Wireless ................................................................................................................................................... 83
Home Networking ............................................................................................................................... 110
Routing ................................................................................................................................................. 124
Quality of Service (QoS) .................................................................................................................... 131
Network Address Translation (NAT) ................................................................................................... 149
DNS ....................................................................................................................................................... 165
VLAN Group ........................................................................................................................................ 169
Interface Grouping ............................................................................................................................ 171
USB Service .......................................................................................................................................... 176
Firewall ................................................................................................................................................. 181
MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................................ 188
Parental Control ................................................................................................................................. 190
Scheduler Rule .................................................................................................................................... 195
Certificates .......................................................................................................................................... 197
Log ....................................................................................................................................................... 203
Traffic Status ....................................................................................................................................... 206
ARP Table ............................................................................................................................................ 209
Routing Table ...................................................................................................................................... 211
Multicast Status .................................................................................................................................. 213
xDSL Statistics ....................................................................................................................................... 215
System .................................................................................................................................................. 217
User Account ...................................................................................................................................... 218
Remote Management ....................................................................................................................... 220
SNMP .................................................................................................................................................... 223
Time Settings ........................................................................................................................................ 225
E-mail Notification .............................................................................................................................. 227
Log Setting .......................................................................................................................................... 229
Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................................................................. 232
Backup/Restore .................................................................................................................................. 234
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Diagnostic ........................................................................................................................................... 237
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................. 242
Appe ndic e s .....................................................................................................................................248
Index .................................................................................................................................................... 281
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Ta b le o f C o nte nts
C o nte nts O ve rvie w .............................................................................................................................3
Ta b le o f C o nte nts .................................................................................................................................5
Pa rt I: Use r’s G uide .......................................................................................... 14
C ha pte r 1
Intro duc ing the XMG .........................................................................................................................15
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 15
1.2 Ways to Manage the XMG ........................................................................................................... 15
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the XMG ........................................................................................... 15
1.4 Applications for the XMG ............................................................................................................. 15
1.4.1 Internet Access ...................................................................................................................... 16
1.4.2 XMG’s USB Support ............................................................................................................... 17
1.5 LEDs (Lights) ..................................................................................................................................... 18
1.6 The RESET Button ............................................................................................................................. 20
1.7 Wireless Access ............................................................................................................................... 21
1.7.1 Using the WPS Button ............................................................................................................ 21
1.8 Wall Mounting ................................................................................................................................. 22
C ha pte r 2
The We b C o nfig ura to r........................................................................................................................23
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ....................................................................................... 23
2.2 Web Configurator Layout .............................................................................................................. 25
2.2.1 Title Bar ................................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.2 Navigation Panel .................................................................................................................. 26
C ha pte r 3
Q uic k Sta rt ..........................................................................................................................................30
3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 30
3.2 Quick Start Setup ............................................................................................................................ 30
C ha pte r 4
Tuto ria ls ...............................................................................................................................................33
4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 33
4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection ....................................................................................... 33
4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network .......................................................................................... 36
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings ......................................................................... 36
4.3.2 Using WPS ............................................................................................................................... 38
4.3.3 Without WPS ........................................................................................................................... 41
4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups ............................................................................................. 42
4.5 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network ........................................................ 45
4.6 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup ................................................................................... 47
4.7 Access the XMG Using DDNS ........................................................................................................ 51
4.7.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ........................................................... 51
4.7.2 Configuring DDNS on Your XMG ......................................................................................... 51
4.7.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ...................................................................................................... 52
4.8 Configuring the MAC Address Filter ............................................................................................. 52
4.9 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ............................................................................... 53
Pa rt II: Te c hnic a l Re fe re nc e ........................................................................... 55
C ha pte r 5
Ne two rk Ma p a nd Sta tus Sc re e ns ....................................................................................................56
5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 56
5.2 The Network Map Screen .............................................................................................................. 56
5.3 The Status Screen ........................................................................................................................... 58
C ha pte r 6
Bro a db a nd ..........................................................................................................................................61
6.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 61
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ....................................................................................... 61
6.1.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................................................................... 62
6.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................... 64
6.2 The Broadband Screen .................................................................................................................. 65
6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ............................................................................................. 65
6.3 The Advanced Screen ................................................................................................................... 72
6.4 The Ethernet WAN Screen ............................................................................................................. 75
6.5 The 802.1x Screen ........................................................................................................................... 76
6.5.1 Modify 802.1X Settings .......................................................................................................... 77
6.6 Technical Reference ...................................................................................................................... 77
C ha pte r 7
Wire le ss ...............................................................................................................................................83
7.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 83
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ....................................................................................... 83
7.1.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................................................................... 83
7.2 The General Screen ...................................................................................................................... 84
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
7.2.1 No Security ............................................................................................................................. 86
7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ......................................................................................................... 86
7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) .................................................................................................. 87
7.3 The Guest/More AP Screen ........................................................................................................... 88
7.3.1 Edit Guest/More AP ............................................................................................................. 89
7.4 MAC Authentication ...................................................................................................................... 91
7.5 The WPS Screen .............................................................................................................................. 92
7.6 The WMM Screen ............................................................................................................................ 94
7.7 The Others Screen .......................................................................................................................... 95
7.8 The Channel Status Screen ........................................................................................................... 96
7.9 Technical Reference ...................................................................................................................... 97
7.9.1 Wireless Network Overview .................................................................................................. 97
7.9.2 Additional Wireless Terms ..................................................................................................... 99
7.9.3 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................... 99
7.9.4 Signal Problems ................................................................................................................... 101
7.9.5 BSS ......................................................................................................................................... 102
7.9.6 MBSSID .................................................................................................................................. 102
7.9.7 Preamble Type .................................................................................................................... 103
7.9.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ............................................................................................... 103
C ha pte r 8
Ho m e Ne two rking ............................................................................................................................110
8.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 110
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..................................................................................... 110
8.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................... 111
8.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 112
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen .................................................................................................................. 112
8.3 The Static DHCP Screen ............................................................................................................... 116
8.4 The UPnP Screen ........................................................................................................................... 117
8.4.1 Turning On UPnP in Windows 7 Example .......................................................................... 118
8.5 The Additional Subnet Screen ..................................................................................................... 120
8.6 The STB Vendor ID Screen ............................................................................................................ 121
8.7 The Wake on LAN Screen ............................................................................................................ 121
8.8 The TFTP Server Name Screen ..................................................................................................... 122
8.9 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................... 122
8.9.1 LANs, WANs and the XMG ................................................................................................. 122
8.9.2 DHCP Setup ......................................................................................................................... 123
8.9.3 DNS Server Addresses ......................................................................................................... 123
C ha pte r 9
Ro uting ..............................................................................................................................................124
9.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 124
9.2 The Routing Screen ...................................................................................................................... 124
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route ......................................................................................................... 125
9.3 The DNS Route Screen ................................................................................................................. 126
9.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen ............................................................................................... 127
9.4 The Policy Route Screen .............................................................................................................. 127
9.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Route ........................................................................................................ 129
9.5 RIP
............................................................................................................................................... 129
9.5.1 The RIP Screen ..................................................................................................................... 130
C ha pte r 10
Q ua lity o f Se rvic e (Q o S) ..................................................................................................................131
10.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 131
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 131
10.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 132
10.3 The Quality of Service General Screen ................................................................................... 133
10.4 The Queue Setup Screen ........................................................................................................... 134
10.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue ...................................................................................................... 136
10.5 The Classification Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 137
10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class .......................................................................................................... 137
10.6 The QoS Shaper Setup Screen .................................................................................................. 141
10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Shaper ................................................................................................... 142
10.7 The QoS Policer Setup Screen ................................................................................................... 142
10.7.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer ................................................................................................... 143
10.8 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 144
C ha pte r 11
Ne two rk Addre ss Tra nsla tio n (NAT) ................................................................................................149
11.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 149
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 149
11.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 149
11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ..................................................................................................... 150
11.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ................................................................................................ 152
11.3 The Applications Screen ............................................................................................................ 153
11.3.1 Add New Application ....................................................................................................... 154
11.4 The Port Triggering Screen ......................................................................................................... 154
11.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule .......................................................................................... 156
11.5 The DMZ Screen .......................................................................................................................... 157
11.6 The ALG Screen .......................................................................................................................... 158
11.7 The Address Mapping Screen ................................................................................................... 158
11.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule ..................................................................................... 159
11.8 The Sessions Screen .................................................................................................................... 160
11.9 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 161
11.9.1 NAT Definitions ................................................................................................................... 161
11.9.2 What NAT Does ................................................................................................................. 161
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
11.9.3 How NAT Works .................................................................................................................. 162
11.9.4 NAT Application ................................................................................................................ 162
C ha pte r 12
DNS....................................................................................................................................................165
12.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 165
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 165
12.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 165
12.2 The DNS Entry Screen ................................................................................................................. 166
12.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry ........................................................................................................... 166
12.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen .......................................................................................................... 167
C ha pte r 13
VLAN G ro up ......................................................................................................................................169
13.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 169
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 169
13.2 The VLAN Group Screen ............................................................................................................ 169
13.2.1 Add/Edit a VLAN Group ................................................................................................... 170
C ha pte r 14
Inte rfa c e G ro uping ..........................................................................................................................171
14.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 171
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 171
14.2 The Interface Grouping Screen ................................................................................................ 171
14.2.1 Interface Group Configuration ....................................................................................... 172
14.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria ............................................................................................ 174
C ha pte r 15
USB Se rvic e .......................................................................................................................................176
15.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 176
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 176
15.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 176
15.1.3 Before You Begin ............................................................................................................... 177
15.2 The File Sharing Screen .............................................................................................................. 177
15.2.1 The Add New User Screen ............................................................................................... 178
15.3 The Media Server Screen ........................................................................................................... 179
C ha pte r 16
Fire wa ll..............................................................................................................................................181
16.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 181
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 181
16.1.2 What You Need to Know ................................................................................................. 182
16.2 The Firewall Screen ..................................................................................................................... 182
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
16.3 The Protocol Screen .................................................................................................................. 183
16.3.1 Add/Edit a Service ........................................................................................................... 184
16.4 The Access Control Screen ....................................................................................................... 185
16.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule ..................................................................................................... 185
16.5 The DoS Screen ........................................................................................................................... 187
C ha pte r 17
MAC Filte r .........................................................................................................................................188
17.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 188
17.2 The MAC Filter Screen ................................................................................................................ 188
C ha pte r 18
Pa re nta l C o ntro l ...............................................................................................................................190
18.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 190
18.2 The Parental Control Screen ..................................................................................................... 190
18.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Profile ................................................................................ 191
C ha pte r 19
Sc he dule r Rule .................................................................................................................................195
19.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 195
19.2 The Scheduler Rule Screen ........................................................................................................ 195
19.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule ........................................................................................................ 195
C ha pte r 20
C e rtific a te s .......................................................................................................................................197
20.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 197
20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 197
20.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 197
20.3 The Local Certificates Screen ................................................................................................... 197
20.3.1 Create Certificate Request ............................................................................................ 198
20.3.2 Load Signed Certificate .................................................................................................. 199
20.4 The Trusted CA Screen ............................................................................................................... 200
20.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate ............................................................................................ 201
20.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate .......................................................................................... 202
C ha pte r 21
Lo g ....................................................................................................................................................203
21.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 203
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 203
21.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 203
21.2 The System Log Screen .............................................................................................................. 204
21.3 The Security Log Screen ............................................................................................................. 204
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
C ha pte r 22
Tra ffic Sta tus .....................................................................................................................................206
22.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 206
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 206
22.2 The WAN Status Screen .............................................................................................................. 206
22.3 The LAN Status Screen ............................................................................................................... 207
22.4 The NAT Status Screen ................................................................................................................ 208
C ha pte r 23
ARP Ta b le ..........................................................................................................................................209
23.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 209
23.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................................. 209
23.2 ARP Table Screen ....................................................................................................................... 209
C ha pte r 24
Ro uting Ta b le ....................................................................................................................................211
24.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 211
24.2 The Routing Table Screen .......................................................................................................... 211
C ha pte r 25
Multic a st Sta tus ...............................................................................................................................213
25.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 213
25.2 The IGMP Status Screen ............................................................................................................. 213
25.3 The MLD Status Screen ............................................................................................................... 213
C ha pte r 26
xDSL Sta tistic s ...................................................................................................................................215
26.1 The xDSL Statistics Screen .......................................................................................................... 215
C ha pte r 27
Syste m ...............................................................................................................................................217
27.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 217
27.2 The System Screen ...................................................................................................................... 217
C ha pte r 28
Use r Ac c o unt....................................................................................................................................218
28.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 218
28.2 The User Account Screen .......................................................................................................... 218
28.2.1 The User Account Add/Edit Screen ................................................................................ 218
C ha pte r 29
Re m o te Ma na g e m e nt.....................................................................................................................220
29.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 220
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
29.2 The MGMT Services Screen ....................................................................................................... 220
29.3 The Trust Domain Screen ............................................................................................................ 221
29.3.1 The Add Trust Domain Screen ......................................................................................... 221
C ha pte r 30
SNMP .................................................................................................................................................223
30.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 223
30.2 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................................ 223
C ha pte r 31
Tim e Se tting s.....................................................................................................................................225
31.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 225
31.2 The Time Screen ......................................................................................................................... 225
C ha pte r 32
E- m a il No tific a tio n ...........................................................................................................................227
32.1 Overview
.................................................................................................................................. 227
32.2 The E-mail Notification Screen .................................................................................................. 227
32.2.1 E-mail Notification Edit .................................................................................................... 227
C ha pte r 33
Lo g Se tting .......................................................................................................................................229
33.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 229
33.2 The Log Settings Screen ............................................................................................................. 229
33.2.1 Example E-mail Log ........................................................................................................... 230
C ha pte r 34
Firm wa re Upg ra de ...........................................................................................................................232
34.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 232
34.2 The Firmware Screen .................................................................................................................. 232
C ha pte r 35
Ba c kup/ Re sto re ...............................................................................................................................234
35.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 234
35.2 The Backup/Restore Screen ...................................................................................................... 234
35.3 The Reboot Screen ..................................................................................................................... 236
C ha pte r 36
Dia g no stic .........................................................................................................................................237
36.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 237
36.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 237
36.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 237
36.3 Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup ................................................................................................ 238
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Table of Contents
36.4 802.1ag ........................................................................................................................................ 238
36.5 OAM Ping .................................................................................................................................... 239
C ha pte r 37
Tro ub le sho o ting ................................................................................................................................242
37.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ............................................................................... 242
37.2 XMG Access and Login ............................................................................................................. 243
37.3 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................... 244
37.4 Wireless Internet Access ............................................................................................................. 246
37.5 USB Device Connection ............................................................................................................ 247
37.6 UPnP ............................................................................................................................................. 247
Pa rt III: Appe ndic e s ...................................................................................... 248
Appendix A Customer Support ..................................................................................................... 249
Appendix B Wireless LANs............................................................................................................... 255
Appendix C Services....................................................................................................................... 268
Appendix D Legal Information ...................................................................................................... 272
Inde x .................................................................................................................................................281
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
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PA RT I
Use r’s G uide
14
C HA PTER 1
Intro duc ing the XMG
1.1 O ve rvie w
The XMG is an ADSL/VDSL2 bonding and high-performance wireless gateway that provides ultra-speed
VDSL Internet access for triple-play services and optimized HD IPTV services at home or office. This model
offers a Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) WAN with an interface using Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP), Ethernet
or DSL port. The XMG offers 2.4G and 5G Wi-Fi networks that operate simultaneously, providing a simple
and unified network management. The XMG has one USB port for sharing files via a USB storage device.
The XMG is also backward compatible with ADSL, ADSL2 and ADSL2+.
O nly use firm wa re fo r yo ur XMG ’s spe c ific m o de l. Re fe r to the la b e l o n
the b o tto m o f yo ur XMG .
1.2 Wa ys to Ma na g e the XMG
Use any of the following methods to manage the XMG.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the XMG using a (supported)
web browser.
1.3 G o o d Ha b its fo r Ma na g ing the XMG
Do the following things regularly to make the XMG more secure and to manage the XMG more
effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of
characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working
configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your
password, you will have to reset the XMG to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier
configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the XMG. You could simply restore your
last configuration.
1.4 Applic a tio ns fo r the XMG
Here are some example uses for which the XMG is well suited.
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
15
Chapter 1 Introducing the XMG
1.4.1 Inte rne t Ac c e ss
Computers can connect to the XMG’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).
You can also configure IP filtering on the XMG for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on, all
incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from your
network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely
browse the Internet and download files.
1.4.1.1 DSL
Your XMG provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MO DEM jack on a
splitter or your telephone jack. You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL. The XMG
cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time.
Note: The ADSL and VDSL lines share the same WAN (layer-2) interfaces that you configure in
the XMG. Refer to Section 6.2 on page 65 for the Ne two rk Se tting > Bro a db a nd screen.
Fig ure 1
XMG’s Internet Access Application
WLAN
WAN
Bridging
IPoE
PPPoE
ADSL / VDSL
LAN
WLAN
WAN
Bridging
PPPoE
IPoE
PPPoA
IPoA
LAN
ADSL
1.4.1.2 Ethe rne t WAN
If you prefer not to use a DSL line and you have another broadband modem or router (such as ADSL)
available, you can convert LAN port number four as a WAN port using the Ne two rk Se tting > Bro a db a nd
> Ethe rne t WAN screen and then connect the LAN port to the broadband modem or router. This way,
you can access the Internet via an Ethernet connection and still use the QoS, Firewall and parental
control functions on the XMG.
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
16
Chapter 1 Introducing the XMG
Fig ure 2
XMG’s Internet Access Application: Ethernet WAN
WLAN
WAN
Ethernet WAN
LAN
1.4.1.3 SFP
If you prefer not to use the Ethernet or DSL line, your XMG also provides shared Internet access by
connecting the Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceiver. SFP is also known as Fiber Optics
interface. The Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) WAN with SFP is a dual-personality design (GbE + Fiber) which
enables increased bandwidth and extended coverage. The XMG supports multiple VLANs over the SFP
WAN interface for triple play. To connect the SFP port use a Fiber Optic Module, also known as a miniGBIC transceiver, to a Switch or Router.
Fig ure 3
XMG’s Internet Access Application: Ethernet WAN
WLAN
WAN
LAN
SFP WAN
Note: You can only have Internet access through one of the ports (DSL, Ethernet or SFP) at a
time. Your XMG has WAN priority, and if you connect all ports simultaneously to a
successful internet access, only one WAN port interface will be active. The XMG will
prioritize SFP, then Ethernet, and last DSL.
1.4.2 XMG ’s USB Suppo rt
The USB port of the XMG is used for file-sharing and media server.
File Sha ring
Use the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). You can connect
one USB hard drive to the XMG at a time. Use FTP to access the files on the USB device.
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
17
Chapter 1 Introducing the XMG
Fig ure 4
USB File Sharing Application
Me dia Se rve r
You can also use the XMG as a media server. This lets anyone on your network play video, music, and
photos from a USB device (B) connected to the XMG’s USB port (without having to copy them to
another computer).
Fig ure 5
USB Media Server Application
1.5 LEDs (Lig hts)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
XMG3512-B10A User’s Guide
18
Chapter 1 Introducing the XMG
Fig ure 6
LEDs on the XMG
None of the LEDs are on if the XMG is not receiving power.
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED
C O LO R
STATUS
DESC RIPTIO N
Green
On
The XMG is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking
The XMG is self-testing.
On
The XMG detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking
The XMG is upgrading its firmware.
Off
The XMG is not receiving power.
On
The ADSL line is up.
Blinking
The XMG is initializing the ADSL line.
On
The VDSL line is up.
Power
Red
Green
DSL1
DSL2
Amber
Green
SFP
Blinking
The XMG is initializing the VDSL line.
Off
The DSL line is down.
On
The XMG has a successful connection on the WAN.
Blinking
The XMG is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN.
Off
The XMG does not detect a SFP connection to the WAN.
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Chapter 1 Introducing the XMG
Table 1 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED
C O LO R
STATUS
DESC RIPTIO N
Green
On
The XMG has an IP connection but no traffic.
Internet
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking
The XMG is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off
There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red
On
The XMG attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible causes
are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
Green
On
The XMG has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection on the
WAN.
Blinking
The XMG is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100/1000
Mbps.
Off
There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
On
The XMG has a successful 1000 Mbps Ethernet connection with a device on
the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking
The XMG is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 1000 Mbps.
Off
The XMG does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
On
The XMG recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
Blinking
The XMG is sending/receiving data to /from the USB device connected to
it.
Off
The XMG does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
WAN
Green
Ethernet 1~4
Green
USB
Green
WiFi 2.4G
Amber
Green
WiFi 5G
Amber
Amber
On
The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking
The XMG is communicating with 2.4 GHz wireless clients.
Blinking
The XMG is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz wireless client.
Off
The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
On
The 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking
The XMG is communicating with 5 GHz wireless clients.
Blinking
The XMG is setting up a WPS connection with a 5 GHz wireless client.
Off
The 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
On
The 2.4 Ghz or 5 GHz wireless network and WPS are enabled.
Off
Both 2.4 Ghz or 5 GHz wireless network and WPS are disabled.
WPS
1.6 The RESET Butto n
If you forget your password or cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the RESET
button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will
lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to “1234”.
Make sure the PO WER LED is on (not blinking).
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Chapter 1 Introducing the XMG
To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for five seconds or until the
PO WER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the PO WER LED begins to blink, the defaults have
been restored and the device restarts.
1.7 Wire le ss Ac c e ss
The XMG is a wireless Access Point (AP) for wireless clients, such as notebook computers or PDAs and
iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to rely on inconvenient Ethernet cables.
You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS button.
Fig ure 7
Wireless Access Example
1.7.1 Using the WPS Butto n
Once the WiFi LED turns green, the wireless network is active. If the wireless network is turned off, see
Section 7.2 on page 84 for how to enable the wireless network on the XMG.
You can also use the WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the XMG and
a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
To activate WPS:
Make sure the PO WER LED is on and not blinking.
Press the WPS button for five seconds and release it.
Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the XMG. The WiFi LED flashes
orange while the XMG sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device.
Once the connection is successfully made, the WPS LED shines green.
The WPS LED turns off when the wireless network is off.
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Chapter 1 Introducing the XMG
1.8 Wa ll Mo unting
You may need screw anchors if mounting on a concrete or brick wall.
Table 2 Wall Mounting Information
Distance between holes
90 mm
M4 Screws
Two
Screw anchors (optional)
Two
Select a position free of obstructions on a wall strong enough to hold the weight of the device.
Mark two holes on the wall at the appropriate distance apart for the screws.
Be c a re ful to a vo id da m a g ing pipe s o r c a b le s lo c a te d inside the wa ll
whe n drilling ho le s fo r the sc re ws.
If using screw anchors, drill two holes for the screw anchors into the wall. Push the anchors into the full
depth of the holes, then insert the screws into the anchors. Do not insert the screws all the way in - leave
a small gap of about 0.5 cm.
If not using screw anchors, use a screwdriver to insert the screws into the wall. Do not insert the screws all
the way in - leave a gap of about 0.5 cm.
Make sure the screws are fastened well enough to hold the weight of the XMG with the connection
cables.
Align the holes on the back of the XMG with the screws on the wall. Hang the XMG on the screws.
Fig ure 8
Wall Mounting Example
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C HA PTER 2
The We b C o nfig ura to r
2.1 O ve rvie w
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy XMG setup and
management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 8.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3 and
later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions.* The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your XMG. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
2.1.1 Ac c e ssing the We b C o nfig ura to r
Make sure your XMG hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
Launch your web browser. If the XMG does not automatically re-direct you to the login screen, go to
http://192.168.1.1.
A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the XMG, type
the default username a dm in/ use r and password 1234 in the password screen and click Lo g in. If you
have changed the password, enter your password and click Lo g in.
Fig ure 9
The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. Enter a new password, retype
it to confirm and click Apply .
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Fig ure 10
The Q uic k Sta rt Wiza rd screen appears. You can configure basic Internet access, and wireless settings.
See Chapter 3 on page 30 for more information.
After you finished or closed the Q uic k Sta rt Wiza rd screen, the Ne two rk Ma p page appears.
Fig ure 11
Click Sta tus to display the Sta tus screen, where you can view the XMG’s interface and system
information.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
2.2 We b C o nfig ura to r La yo ut
Fig ure 12
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
• A - title bar
• B - main window
• C - navigation panel
2.2.1 Title Ba r
The title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner.
The icons provide the following functions.
Table 3 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
IC O N
DESC RIPTIO N
La ng ua g e : Select the language you prefer.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
IC O N
DESC RIPTIO N
Q uic k Sta rt: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the XMG’s time zone
Internet access, and wireless settings.
Lo g o ut: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.
2.2.2 Na vig a tio n Pa ne l
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure XMG features. The following
tables describe each menu item.
Table 4 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK
TAB
FUNC TIO N
Connection Status
This screen shows the network status of the XMG and computers/devices
connected to it.
Network Setting
Broadband
Wireless
Home
Networking
Broadband
Use this screen to view and configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, and other advanced properties. You can also add new
WAN connections.
Advanced
Use this screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J,
and DSL PhyR functions.
Ethernet WAN
Use this screen to enable the fourth Ethernet LAN port to be an Ethernet
WAN port.
802.1x
Use this screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1x settings on the
XMG.
General
Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN
authentication/security settings.
Guest/More AP
Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the XMG.
MAC
Authentication
Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless devices of
certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the XMG.
WPS
Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)
settings.
WMM
Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).
Others
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings.
Channel Status
Use this screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results.
LAN Setup
Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced
properties.
Static DHCP
Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC
addresses.
UPnP
Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off.
Additional
Subnet
Use this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
STB Vendor ID
Use this screen to configure the Vendor IDs of the connected Set Top Box
(STB) devices, which have the XMG automatically create static DHCP
entries for the STB devices when they request IP addresses.
Wake on LAN
Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the local network.
TFTP Server Name
Configure a TFTP server name which is sent to clients using DHCP option
66.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 4 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
Routing
QoS
NAT
TAB
FUNC TIO N
Static Route
Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the XMG.
DNS Route
Use this screen to forward DNS queries for certain domain names through
a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s).
Policy Route
Use this screen to configure policy routing on the XMG.
RIP
Use this screen to configure Routing Information Protocol to exchange
routing information with other routers.
General
Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing. You can also
configure the QoS rules and actions.
Queue Setup
Use this screen to configure QoS queues.
Classification
Setup
Use this screen to define a classifier.
Shaper Setup
Use this screen to limit outgoing traffic rate on the selected interface.
Policer Setup
Use this screen to configure QoS policers.
Port Forwarding
Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.
Applications
Use this screen to configure servers behind the XMG.
Port Triggering
Use this screen to change your XMG’s port triggering settings.
DMZ
Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets from
ports that are not specified in the Po rt Fo rwa rding screen.
ALG
Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.
Address Mapping
Use this screen to change your XMG’s address mapping settings.
Sessions
Use this screen to configure the maximum number of NAT sessions each
client host is allowed to have through the XMG.
DNS Entry
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes.
Dynamic DNS
Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address.
Vlan Group
Vlan Group
Use this screen to group and tag VLAN IDs to outgoing traffic from the
specified interface.
Interface
Grouping
Interface
Grouping
Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.
USB Service
File Sharing
Use this screen to enable file sharing via the XMG.
Media Server
Use this screen to use the XMG as a media server.
General
Use this screen to configure the security level of your firewall.
Protocol
Use this screen to add Internet services and configure firewall rules.
Access Control
Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.
DoS
Use this screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS)
attacks.
MAC Filter
MAC Filter
Use this screen to block or allow traffic from devices of certain MAC
addresses to the XMG.
Parental
Control
Parental Control
Use this screen to block web sites with the specific URL.
Scheduler Rules
Scheduler Rules
Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configured
restriction (such as parental control) is enforced.
Certificates
Local Certificates
Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage
certificates and certification requests.
Trusted CA
Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.
DNS
Security
Firewall
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 4 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNC TIO N
System Log
Use this screen to view the status of events that occurred to the XMG.
You can export or e-mail the logs.
Security Log
Use this screen to view all security related events. You can select level
and category of the security events in their proper drop-down list
window.
System Monitor
Log
Levels include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Emergency
Alert
Critical
Error
Warning
Notice
Informational
Debugging
Categories include:
•
•
•
•
Traffic Status
Account
Attack
Firewall
MAC Filter
WAN
Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the
WAN port of the XMG.
LAN
Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the
LAN ports of the XMG.
NAT
Use this screen to view NAT statistics for connected hosts.
ARP table
ARP table
Use this screen to view the ARP table. It displays the IP and MAC address
of each DHCP connection.
Routing Table
Routing Table
Use this screen to view the routing table on the XMG.
Multicast Status
IGMP Status
Use this screen to view the status of all IGMP settings on the XMG.
MLD Status
Use this screen to view the status of all MLD settings on the XMG.
xDSL Statistics
Use this screen to view the XMG’s xDSL traffic statistics.
System
System
Use this screen to set Device name and Domain name.
User Account
User Account
Use this screen to change user password on the XMG.
Remote
Management
MGMT Services
Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.
Trust Domain
Use this screen to view a list of public IP addresses which are allowed to
access the XMG through the services configured in the Ma inte na nc e >
Re m o te Ma na g e m e nt screen.
SNMP
SNMP
Use this screen to configure SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol) settings.
Time
Time
Use this screen to change your XMG’s time and date.
E-mail
Notification
E-mail
Notification
Use this screen to configure up to two mail servers and sender addresses
on the XMG.
Log Setting
Log Setting
Use this screen to change your XMG’s log settings.
Firmware
Upgrade
Firmware
Upgrade
Use this screen to upload firmware to your XMG.
xDSL Statistics
Maintenance
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 4 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNC TIO N
Backup/Restore
Backup/Restore
Use this screen to backup and restore your XMG’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Reboot
Reboot
Use this screen to reboot the XMG without turning the power off.
Diagnostic
Ping&Traceroute
&Nslookup
Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection. You can
use Ping, TraceRoute, or Nslookup to help you identify problems.
802.1ag
Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) MD
(maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance association), perform
connectivity tests and view test reports.
OAM Ping
Use this screen to view information to help you identify problems with the
DSL connection.
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C HA PTER 3
Q uic k Sta rt
3.1 O ve rvie w
Use the Quick Start screens to configure the XMG’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless
settings.
Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on Chapter 4 on page 33) for
background information on the features in this chapter.
3.2 Q uic k Sta rt Se tup
The Quick Start Wizard appears automatically after login. Or you can click the Q uic k Sta rt icon in the top
right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens. Select the time zone of your
location. Click Ne xt.
Fig ure 13
Quick Start - Welcome
Enter your Internet connection information in this screen. The screen and fields to enter may vary
depending on your current connection type. Click Ne xt.
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Chapter 3 Quick Start
Fig ure 14
Turn the wireless LAN on or off. If you keep it on, record the security settings so you can configure your
wireless clients to connect to the XMG. Click Sa ve .
Fig ure 15
Quick Start - Internet Connection
Quick Start - Wireless Setting
Your XMG saves your settings and attempts to connect to the Internet. Click C lo se to complete the
setup.
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Chapter 3 Quick Start
Fig ure 16
Quick Start - Result Summary
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32
C HA PTER 4
Tuto ria ls
4.1 O ve rvie w
This chapter shows you how to use the XMG’s various features.
• Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection, see page 33
• Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network, see page 36
• Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups, see page 42
• Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network, see page 45
• Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup, see page 47
• Access the XMG Using DDNS, see page 51
• Configuring the MAC Address Filter, see page 52
• Access Your Shared Files From a Computer, see page 53
4.2 Se tting Up a n ADSL PPPo E C o nne c tio n
This tutorial shows you how to set up an ADSL Internet connection using the Web Configurator.
If you connect to the Internet through an ADSL connection, use the information from your Internet
Service Provider (ISP) to configure the XMG. Be sure to contact your service provider for any information
you need to configure the Bro a db a nd screens.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Bro a db a nd to open the following screen. Click Add Ne w WAN Inte rfa c e .
In this example, the DSL connection has the following information.
G e ne ra l
Name
MyDSLConnection
Type
ADSL over ATM
Connection Mode
Routing
Encapsulation
PPPoE
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
IPv6/IPv4 Mode
IPv4
ATM PVC C o nfig ura tio n
VPI/VCI
36/48
Encapsulation Mode
LLC/SNAP-Bridging
Service Category
UBR Without PCR
Ac c o unt Info rm a tio n
PPP User Name
1234@DSL-Ex.com
PPP Password
ABCDEF!
PPPoE Service Name
MyDSL
Static IP Address
192.168.1.32
Others
Authentication Method: AUTO
PPPoE Passthrough: Disabled
NAT: Enabled
IGMP Multicast Proxy: Enabled
Apply as Default Gateway: Enabled
VLAN: Disabled
Select the Ac tive check box. Enter the G e ne ra l and ATM PVC C o nfig ura tio n settings as provided above.
Set the Type to ADSL o ve r ATM .
Choose the Enc a psula tio n specified by your DSL service provider. For this example, the service provider
requires a username and password to establish Internet connection. Therefore, select PPPo E as the WAN
encapsulation type.
Set the IPv6/ IPv4 Mo de to IPv4 O nly .
Enter the account information provided to you by your DSL service provider.
Configure this rule as your default Internet connection by selecting the Apply a s De fa ult G a te wa y check
box. Then select DNS as Sta tic and enter the DNS server addresses provided to you, such as 192.168.5.2
(DNS server1)/192.168.5.1 (DNS server2).
Leave the rest of the fields to the default settings.
Click Apply to save your settings.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
You should see a summary of your new DSL connection setup in the Bro a db a nd screen as follows.
Try to connect to a website to see if you have correctly set up your Internet connection. Be sure to
contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the WAN screens.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
4.3 Se tting Up a Se c ure Wire le ss Ne two rk
Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet. In this
wireless network, the XMG serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is the wireless client. The
wireless client can access the Internet through the AP.
Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the XMG. Then he can set up a wireless
network using WPS (Section 4.3.2 on page 38) or manual configuration (Section 4.3.3 on page 41).
4.3.1 C o nfig uring the Wire le ss Ne two rk Se tting s
This example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network.
SSID
Example
Se c urity Mo de
WPA2-PSK
Pre - Sha re d Ke y
DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
802.11 Mo de
802.11b/g/n Mixed
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss to open the G e ne ra l screen. Select Mo re Se c ure as the security level
and WPA2- PSK as the security mode. Configure the screen using the provided parameters (see
page 36). Click Apply .
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Go to the Wire le ss > O the rs screen and select 802.11b / g / n Mixe d in the 802.11 Mo de field. Click Apply .
Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and the
XMG (see Section 4.3.2 on page 38). He can also use the notebook’s wireless client to search for the
XMG (see Section 4.3.3 on page 41).
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
4.3.2 Using WPS
This section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. It uses the XMG as the AP and Zyxel
NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to the notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or
PCMCIA card).
There are two WPS methods to set up the wireless client settings:
• Push Butto n C o nfig ura tio n (PBC ) - simply press a button. This is the easier of the two methods.
• PIN C o nfig ura tio n - configure a Personal Identification Number (PIN) on the XMG. A wireless client
must also use the same PIN in order to download the wireless network settings from the XMG.
Push Butto n C o nfig ura tio n (PBC )
Make sure that your XMG is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of the wireless signal.
Make sure that you have installed the wireless client driver and utility in your notebook.
In the wireless client utility, go to the WPS setting page. Enable WPS and press the WPS button for more
than five seconds (Sta rt or WPS button).
Push and hold the WPS button located on the XMG’s front panel for more than 5 seconds. Alternatively,
you may log into XMG’s web configurator and go to the Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss > WPS screen.
Enable the WPS function for method 1 and click Apply . Then click the WPS button.
Note: Your XMG has a WPS button located on its front panel as well as a WPS button in its
configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function: you can use one or
the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within
two minutes of pressing the first one.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
The XMG sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes.
The wireless client is then able to communicate with the XMG securely.
The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by
pressing a button on both XMG and wireless client.
Example WPS Process: PBC MethodZyxel
Wireless Client
VMG
W LAN /
W PS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Pr e ss a n d h old for
5 se con ds
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
PIN C o nfig ura tio n
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the XMG’s web configurator and
the wireless client’s utility.
Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to
get a PIN number.
Log into XMG’s web configurator and go to the Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss > WPS screen. Enable the
WPS function and click Apply .
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Enter the PIN number of the wireless client and click the Re g iste r button. Activate WPS function on the
wireless client utility screen within two minutes.
The XMG authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless
client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the XMG
securely.
The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a XMG and a wireless
client by using PIN method.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Example WPS Process: PIN Method
Wireless Client
VMG
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
4.3.3 Witho ut WPS
Use the wireless adapter’s utility installed on the notebook to search for the “Example” SSID. Then enter
the “DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork” pre-shared key to establish an wireless Internet connection.
Note: The XMG supports IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g wireless clients. Make sure that your
notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
4.4 Se tting Up Multiple Wire le ss G ro ups
Company A wants to create different wireless network groups for different types of users as shown in the
following figure. Each group has its own SSID and security mode.
Com pa n y
Gue st
VI P
• Employees in Company A will use a general C o m pa ny wireless network group.
• Higher management level and important visitors will use the VIP group.
• Visiting guests will use the G ue st group, which has a different SSID and password.
Company A will use the following parameters to set up the wireless network groups.
C O MPANY
VIP
G UEST
SSID
Company
VIP
Guest
Se c urity Le ve l
More Secure
More Secure
More Secure
Se c urity Mo de
WPA2-PSK
WPA2-PSK
WPA2-PSK
Pre - Sha re d Ke y
ForCompanyOnly
123456789
guest123
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss to open the G e ne ra l screen. Use this screen to set up the company’s
general wireless network group. Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply .
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss > G ue st/ Mo re AP to open the following screen. Click the Edit icon to
configure the second wireless network group.
Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click O K.
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In the G ue st/Mo re AP screen, click the Edit icon to configure the third wireless network group.Configure
the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply .
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
Check the status of VIP and G ue st in the G ue st/Mo re AP screen. The yellow bulbs signify that the SSIDs
are active and ready for wireless access.
4.5 C o nfig uring Sta tic Ro ute fo r Ro uting to Ano the r
Ne two rk
In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to the
XMG’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This tutorial shows how to
configure a static routing rule for two network routings.
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In the following figure, router R is connected to the XMG’s LAN. R connects to two networks, N1
(192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1 network) to
computer B (in N2 network), the traffic is sent to the XMG’s WAN default gateway by default. In this
case, B will never receive the traffic.
N1
N2
You need to specify a static routing rule on the XMG to specify R as the router in charge of forwarding
traffic to N2 . In this case, the XMG routes traffic from A to R and then R routes the traffic to B.
N1
N2
This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:
Table 5 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVIC E / C O MPUTER
IP ADDRESS
The XMG’s WAN
172.16.1.1
The XMG’s LAN
192.168.1.1
IP Type
IPv4
Use Interface
VDSL/ppp1.1
192.168.1.34
R’s N1
192.168.1.253
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Table 5 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVIC E / C O MPUTER
IP ADDRESS
R’s N2
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.33
To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2 :
Log into the XMG’s Web Configurator in advanced mode.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ro uting .
Click Add ne w Sta tic Ro ute in the Sta tic Ro ute screen.
Configure the Sta tic Ro ute Se tup screen using the following settings:
4a
Select the Ac tive check box. Enter the Ro ute Na m e as R.
4b
Set IP Type to IPv4 .
4c
Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2 .
4d
Select Ena b le in the Use G a te wa y IP Addre ss fie ld . Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the
G a te wa y IP Addre ss field.
4e
Select VDSL/ ppp1.1 as the Use Inte rfa c e .
4a
Click O K.
Now B should be able to receive traffic from A . You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall
settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
4.6 C o nfig uring Q o S Q ue ue a nd C la ss Se tup
This section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.
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Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize e-mail traffic
because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also upload
data files (such as logs and e-mail archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your colleagues use
the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other branch offices.
In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission bandwidth of 10,000 kbps.
For this example, you want to configure QoS so that e-mail traffic gets the highest priority with at least
5,000 kbps. You can do the following:
• Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (1) to e-mail traffic going to the WAN
interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion.
• Note the IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) and/or MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example)
of your computer and map it to queue 7.
Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the XMG.
Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping
table on the XMG.
QoS Example
DSL
10,000 kbps
Your computer
IP=192.168.1.23
and/or
MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF
Email traffic: Highest priority
A colleague’s computer
Other traffic: Automatic classifier
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Q o S > G e ne ra l and select Ena b le . Set your WAN Ma na g e d Upstre a m Ba ndwidth
to 10,000 kbps (or leave this blank to have the XMG automatically determine this figure). Click Apply .
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS
Click Q ue ue Se tup > Add ne w Q ue ue to create a new queue. In the screen that opens, check Ac tive
and enter or select the following values:
• Na m e : E-mail
• Inte rfa c e : WAN
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• Prio rity : 1 (High)
• We ig ht: 8
• Ra te Lim it: 5,000 (kbps)
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
Click C la ssific a tio n Se tup > Add ne w C la ssific a tio n to create a new class. Check Ac tive and follow the
settings as shown in the screen below.
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Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Class Setup
C la ss Na m e
Give a class name to this traffic, such as E- m a il in this example.
Fro m Inte rfa c e
This is the interface from which the traffic will be coming from. Select LAN1 for this example.
Ethe r Type
Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP address or MAC address.
IP Addre ss
Type the IP address of your computer - 192.168.1.23 . Type the IP Sub ne t Ma sk if you know it.
MAC Addre ss
Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the MAC Ma sk if you know it.
To Q ue ue Inde x
Link this to an item in the Ne two rk Se tting > Q o S > Q ue ue Se tup screen, which is the E- m a il queue
created in this example.
This maps e-mail traffic coming from port 25 to the highest priority, which you have created in the
previous screen (see the IP Pro to c o l field). This also maps your computer’s IP address and MAC address
to the E- m a il queue (see the So urc e fields).
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Verify that the queue setup works by checking Ne two rk Se tting > Q o S > Mo nito r. This shows the
bandwidth allotted to e-mail traffic compared to other network traffic.
4.7 Ac c e ss the XMG Using DDNS
If you connect your XMG to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is inconvenient for you
to manage the device from the Internet. The XMG’s WAN IP address changes dynamically. Dynamic
DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the XMG using a domain name.
ht t p: / / zyxelrout er.dyndns.org
a.b.c.d
w.x.y.z
To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org.
This tutorial covers:
• Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
• Configuring DDNS on Your XMG
• Testing the DDNS Setting
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.
4.7.1 Re g iste ring a DDNS Ac c o unt o n www.dyndns.o rg
Open a browser and type http:/ / www.dyndns.o rg .
Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses Use rNa m e 1 and 12345 as the username and password.
Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.
Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.
• Hostname: zyxe lro ute r.dyndns.o rg
• Service Type: Ho st with IP a ddre ss
• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your XMG is currently using. You can find the IP address on
the XMG’s Web Configurator Sta tus page.
Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the XMG later.
4.7.2 C o nfig uring DDNS o n Yo ur XMG
Configure the following settings in the Ne two rk Se tting > DNS > Dyna m ic DNS screen.
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• Select Ena b le Dyna m ic DNS.
• Select www.DynDNS.c o m as the service provider.
• Type zyxe lro ute r.dyndns.o rg in the Ho st Na m e field.
• Enter the user name (Use rNa m e 1 ) and password (12345 ).
Click Apply .
4.7.3 Te sting the DDNS Se tting
Now you should be able to access the XMG from the Internet. To test this:
Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a .b .c .d ) that is connected to the Internet.
Type http:/ / zyxe lro ute r.dyndns.o rg and press [Enter].
The XMG’s login page should appear. You can then log into the XMG and manage it.
4.8 C o nfig uring the MAC Addre ss Filte r
Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and downloading
media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she can concentrate
on preparing for her final exams.
Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the XMG. Thomas decides to use the
Se c urity > MAC Filte r screen to grant wireless network access to his computer but not to Josephine’s
computer.
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Th om a s
Jose ph in e
Click Se c urity > MAC Filte r to open the MAC Filte r screen. Select the Ena b le check box to activate MAC
filter function.
Select Ac tive . Then enter the host name and MAC address of Thomas’ computer in this screen. Click
Apply .
Thomas can also grant access to the computers of other members of his family and friends. However,
Josephine and others not listed in this screen will no longer be able to access the Internet through the
XMG.
4.9 Ac c e ss Yo ur Sha re d File s Fro m a C o m pute r
Here is how to use an FTP program to access a file storage device connected to the XMG’s USB port.
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Note: This example uses the FileZilla FTP program to browse your shared files.
In FileZilla enter the IP address of the XMG (the default is 192.168.1.1), your account’s user name and
password and port 21 and click Q uic kc o nne c t. A screen asking for password authentication appears.
File Sharing via Windows Explorer
Once you log in the USB device displays in the mnt folder.
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Te c hnic a l Re fe re nc e
55
C HA PTER 5
Ne two rk Ma p a nd Sta tus
Sc re e ns
5.1 O ve rvie w
After you log into the Web Configurator, the Ne two rk Ma p screen appears. This shows the network
connection status of the XMG and clients connected to it.
You can use the Sta tus screen to look at the current status of the XMG, system resources, and interfaces
(LAN, WAN, and WLAN).
5.2 The Ne two rk Ma p Sc re e n
Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning message
appears if there is a connection problem.
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Fig ure 17
If you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and Info . Click the IP address if
you want to change it. If you want to change the name or icon of the client, click C ha ng e na m e / ic o n.
If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List Vie w in the Vie wing m o de selection box. You can
configure how often you want the XMG to update this screen in Re fre sh inte rva l.
Fig ure 18
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5.3 The Sta tus Sc re e n
Use this screen to view the status of the XMG. Click Sta tus to open this screen.
Fig ure 19
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 6 Status Screen
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Refresh Interval
Select how often you want the XMG to update this screen.
Device Information
Host Name
This field displays the XMG system name. It is used for identification.
Model Number
This shows the model number of your XMG.
Serial Number
This field displays the serial number of the XMG.
Firmware
Version
This is the current version of the firmware inside the XMG.
WAN Information (These fields display when you have a WAN connection.)
Encapsulation
This field displays the current encapsulation method.
IP Address
This field displays the current IP address of the XMG in the WAN.
IP Subnet Mask
This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
MAC Address
This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your XMG.
Primary DNS
server
This field displays the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
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Table 6 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Secondary DNS
server
This field displays the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
DHCP
This field displays whether the WAN interface is using a DHCP IP address or a static IP address.
Choices are:
C lie nt - The WAN interface can obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.
No ne - The WAN interface is using a static IP address.
LAN Information
IP Address
This is the current IP address of the XMG in the LAN.
IP Subnet Mask
This is the current subnet mask in the LAN.
IPv6 Link Local
Address
This field displays the current link-local address of the XMG for the LAN interface.
DHCP
This field displays what DHCP services the XMG is providing to the LAN. The possible values
are:
Se rve r - The XMG is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the
LAN.
Re la y - The XMG acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses
between the remote server and the clients.
Disa b le - The XMG is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.
MAC Address
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your XMG.
WLAN 2.4GHz/5GHz Information
MAC Address
This shows the wireless adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of the wireless
interface.
Status
This displays whether the WLAN is activated.
SSID
This is the descriptive name used to identify the XMG in a wireless LAN.
Channel
This is the channel number used by the wireless interface now.
Security
This displays the type of security mode the wireless interface is using in the wireless LAN.
802.11 Mode
This displays the type of 802.11 mode the wireless interface is using in the wireless LAN.
WPS
This displays whether WPS is activated on the wireless interface.
Security
Firewall
This displays the firewall’s current security level.
System Status
System Up Time
This field displays how long the XMG has been running since it last started up. The XMG starts
up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Ma inte na nc e > Re b o o t), or when you reset it.
Current Date/
Time
This field displays the current date and time in the XMG. You can change this in
Ma inte na nc e > Tim e Se tting .
System Resource
CPU Usage
This field displays what percentage of the XMG’s processing ability is currently used. When
this percentage is close to 100%, the XMG is running at full load, and the throughput is not
going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you
should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see Chapter 10 on page 131).
Memory Usage
This field displays what percentage of the XMG’s memory is currently used. Usually, this
percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the XMG is
probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 35.2 on page
234, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.
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Table 6 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL
NAT Session
Usage
DESC RIPTIO N
This field displays what percentage of the XMG supported NAT sessions are currently being
used. This field also displays the number of active NAT sessions and the maximum number of
NAT sessions the XMG can support.
Interface Status
Interface
This column displays each interface the XMG has.
Status
This field indicates the interface’s use status.
For the LAN and Ethernet WAN interfaces, this field displays Up when using the interface and
No Link when not using the interface.
For a WLAN interface, this field displays the enabled (Up ) or disabled (Disa b le ) state of the
interface.
For the DSL interface, this field displays Do wn (line down), Up (line up or connected), Dro p
(dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation, and No Link when not using the
interface.
Rate
For the Ethernet WAN and LAN interfaces, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate or N/ A with WLAN
disabled.
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C HA PTER 6
Bro a db a nd
6.1 O ve rvie w
This chapter discusses the XMG’s Bro a db a nd screens. Use these screens to configure your XMG for
Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It
connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a
computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Fig ure 20
LAN and WAN
WAN
6.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
• Use the Bro a db a nd screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure the WAN
settings on the XMG for Internet access (Section 6.2 on page 65).
• Use the Adva nc e d screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR
functions (Section 6.3 on page 72).
• Use the Ethe rne t WAN screen to enable the fourth Ethernet LAN port to be an Ethernet WAN port
(Section 6.4 on page 75).
• Use the 802.1x screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1X settings on the XMG (Section 6.5 on page
76).
Table 7 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER- 2 INTERFAC E
INTERNET C O NNEC TIO N
C O NNEC TIO N
DSL LINK TYPE
MO DE
ENC APSULATIO N
C O NNEC TIO N SETTING S
ADSL/VDSL over
PTM
N/A
Routing
PPPoE
PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address,
routing feature, DNS server, VLAN,
and MTU
IPoE
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature,
DNS server, VLAN, and MTU
N/A
VLAN
Bridge
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Table 7 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER- 2 INTERFAC E
INTERNET C O NNEC TIO N
C O NNEC TIO N
DSL LINK TYPE
MO DE
ENC APSULATIO N
C O NNEC TIO N SETTING S
ADSL over ATM
EoA
Routing
PPPoE/PPPoA
ATM PVC configuration, PPP
information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address,
routing feature, DNS server, VLAN,
and MTU
IPoE/IPoA
ATM PVC configuration, IPv4/IPv6 IP
address, routing feature, DNS server,
VLAN, and MTU
Bridge
N/A
ATM PVC configuration
Routing
PPPoE
PPP user name and password, WAN
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature,
DNS server, VLAN, and MTU
IPoE
WAN IPv4/IPv6 IP address, NAT, DNS
server and routing feature
N/A
VLAN
Ethernet
N/A
Bridge
6.1.2 Wha t Yo u Ne e d to Kno w
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
WAN IP Addre ss
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the XMG, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is
used by the XMG to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or
dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the XMG tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS
server IP address(es).
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data
transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service)
can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC)
between Finding Out More
PTM
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM, packets
are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a
low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM.
IPv6 Intro duc tio n
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in
IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses. The XMG
can use IPv4/IPv6 dual stack to connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and supports IPv6 rapid deployment
(6RD).
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IPv6 Addre ssing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So
2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as
2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double
colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So
2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as
2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Pre fix a nd Pre fix Le ng th
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
IPv6 Sub ne t Ma sking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided into
eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each character
(1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example,
FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
IPv6 Ra pid De plo ym e nt
Use IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an IPv4 network.
When the XMG has an IPv4 WAN address and you set IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de to IPv4 O nly , you can enable 6rd
to encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network.
The XMG generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s
Border Relay router (BR in the figure) to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local network can also
use IPv4 services. The XMG uses it’s configured IPv4 WAN IP to route IPv4 traffic to the IPv4 Internet.
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Fig ure 21
IPv6 Rapid Deployment
LAN
- I Pv6
- I Pv4
W AN
- I Pv4
- I Pv6 in I Pv4
I SP ( I Pv4)
I Pv6 in I Pv4
BR
I Pv6 I nt ernet
I Pv6 + I Pv4
I Pv4
I Pv4 I nt ernet
Dua l Sta c k Lite
Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network. When the
XMG has an IPv6 WAN address and you set IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de to IPv6 O nly , you can enable Dual Stack Lite
to use IPv4 computers and services.
The XMG tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family Transition
Router (AFTR in the graphic) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also use IPv6 services.
The XMG uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6 Internet.
Fig ure 22
Dual Stack Lite
LAN
- I Pv6
- I Pv4
I Pv6 + I Pv4
W AN
- I Pv6
- I Pv4 in I Pv6
I SP ( I Pv6)
I Pv6
I Pv6 I nt er net
I Pv4 in I Pv6
AFTR
I Pv4 I nt ernet
6.1.3 Be fo re Yo u Be g in
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this
information from your ISP.
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6.2 The Bro a db a nd Sc re e n
Use this screen to change your XMG’s Internet access settings. Click Ne two rk Se tting > Bro a db a nd from
the menu. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services (connections) on the XMG.
Fig ure 23
Network Setting > Broadband
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New WAN
Interface
Click this button to create a new connection.
This is the index number of the entry.
Name
This is the service name of the connection.
Type
This shows whether it is an ATM, Ethernet or a PTM connection.
Mode
This shows whether the connection is in routing or bridge mode.
Encapsulation
This is the method of encapsulation used by this connection.
802.1p
This indicates the 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This
displays N/ A when there is no priority level assigned.
802.1q
This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays
N/ A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned.
IGMP Proxy
This shows whether the XMG act as an IGMP proxy on this connection.
NAT
This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection.
Default
Gateway
This shows whether the XMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default
gateway.
IPv6
This shows whether IPv6 is activated or not for this connection. IPv6 is not available when the
connection uses the bridging service.
MLD Proxy
This shows whether Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is activated or not for this connection. MLD
is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.
Click the De le te icon to remove the WAN connection.
6.2.1 Add/ Edit Inte rne t C o nne c tio n
Click Add Ne w WAN Inte rfa c e in the Bro a db a nd screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN interface
to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the interface type, mode,
encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode you select.
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6.2.1.1 Ro uting Mo de
Use Ro uting mode if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an
Internet account.
The following example screen displays when you select the ADSL/ VDSL o ve r ATM connection type,
Ro uting mode, and IPo E encapsulation. The screen varies when you select other interface type,
encapsulation, and IPv4/IPv6 mode.
Fig ure 24
Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
General
Name
Specify a descriptive name for this connection.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Type
Select whether it is an ADSL/VDSL over PTM, ADSL over ATM connection or Ethernet.
Mode
Select Ro uting if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share
an Internet account.
Encapsulation
Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. This option is
available only when you select Ro uting in the Mo de field.
The choices depend on the connection type you selected. If your connection type is ADSL/ VDSL
o ve r PTM , the choices are PPPo E and IPo E. If your connection type is ADSL o ve r ATM , the choices
are PPPo E, PPPo A , IPo E and IPo A . If your connection type is Ethe rne t, the choices are PPPo E and
IPo E.
IPv4/IPv6 Mode
Select IPv4 O nly if you want the XMG to run IPv4 only.
Select IPv4 IPv6 Dua lSta c k to allow the XMG to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.
Select IPv6 O nly if you want the XMG to run IPv6 only.
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to A DSL o ve r ATM .)
VPI
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
Encapsulation
Mode
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:
•
•
•
•
Service
Category
LLC / SNAP- BRIDG ING : In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying
the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPo E
or PPPo E in the Se le c t DSL Link Type field.
VC / MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To
transport multiple protocols, the XMG needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC
and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead
since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
payload.
LLC / ENC APSULATIO N: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. This is
available only when you select PPPo A in the Enc a psula tio n field.
LLC / SNAP- RO UTING : In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header is
prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can be followed by an
IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This is available only when you
select IPo A in the Enc a psula tio n field.
Select UBR Witho ut PC R or UBR With PC R for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as email.
Select C BR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select No n Re a ltim e VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Re a ltim e VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
IP Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 O nly or IPv4 IPv6 Dua lSta c k in the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de field.)
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP
assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you have a
dynamic IP address.
DHCP
option 60/
Vendor ID
This field displays when editing an existing WAN interface. Type the class vender ID you want the
XMG to add in the DHCP Discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
DHCP
option 61
IAD
This field displays when editing an existing WAN interface. Type the Identity Association Identifier
(IAD) you want the XMG to add in the DHCP Discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
DHCP
option 61
DUID
This field displays when editing an existing WAN interface. Type the DHCP Unique Identifier (DUID)
you want the XMG to add in the DHCP Discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DHCP
option 43
Enable
Static IP Address
DESC RIPTIO N
This field displays when editing an existing WAN interface. Type the vender specific information
you want the XMG to add in the DHCP Offer packets. The information is used, for example, for
configuring an ACS’s (Auto Configuration Server) URL.
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address
IP Address
Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
VLAN (These fields appear when the Type is set to A DSL/ VDSL o ve r PTM .)
Active
Select this to enable VLAN on this WAN interface.
802.1p
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The
greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q
Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
MTU
MTU Size
Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic.
Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 O nly or IPv4 IPv6 Dua lSta c k in the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de field.)
NAT Enable
Select this option to activate NAT on this connection.
Fullcone NAT
Enable
Select this option to enable full cone NAT on this connection. This field is available only when you
activate NAT. In full cone NAT, the XMG maps all outgoing packets from an internal IP address
and port to a single IP address and port on the external network. The XMG also maps packets
coming to that external IP address and port to the internal IP address and port.
IGMP Proxy
Enable
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
Select this option to have the XMG act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the XMG
to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can
reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Apply as Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the XMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 O nly or IPv4 IPv6 Dua lSta c k in the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de field.)
Select O b ta in DNS Info Auto m ic a lly if you want the XMG to use the DNS server addresses
assigned by your ISP.
Select Use Fo llo wing Sta tic DNS Addre ss if you want the XMG to use the DNS server addresses
you configure manually.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Tunnel
The DS-Lite (Dual Stack Lite) fields display when you set the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de field to IPv6 O nly .
Enable Dual Stack Lite to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. See Dual Stack Lite on page 64
for more information.
Enable DS-Lite
This is available only when you select IPv6 O nly in the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de field. Select Ena b le to let
local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network.
DS-Lite Relay
Server IP
Specify the transition router’s IPv6 address.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
6RD
The 6RD (IPv6 rapid deployment) fields display when you set the IPv6/ IPv4 Mo de field to IPv4 O nly . See IPv6 Rapid
Deployment on page 63 for more information.
6RD
Select Ena b le to tunnel IPv6 traffic from the local network through the ISP’s IPv4 network.
Select Ma nua lly C o nfig ure d if you have the IPv4 address of the relay server. Otherwise, select
Auto m a tic a lly c o nfig ure d b y DHC PC to have the XMG detect it automatically through DHCP.
The Auto m a tic a lly c o nfig ure d b y DHC PC option is configurable only when you set the method of
encapsulation to IPo E.
Service Provider
IPv6 Prefix
Enter an IPv6 prefix for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s border relay router and connecting to the
native IPv6 Internet.
IPv4 Mask
Length
Enter the subnet mask number (1~32) for the IPv4 network.
Border Relay
IPv4 Address
When you select Ma nua lly C o nfig ure d , specify the relay server’s IPv4 address in this field.
DHCPC Options (This is available only when you select IPv4 O nly or IPv4 IPv6 Dua lSta c k in the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de field.)
Request Options
Select O ptio n 43 to have the XMG automatically add vendor specific information in the DHCP
packets to request the vendor specific options from the DHCP server.
Select O ptio n 121 to have the XMG push static routes to clients.
Sent Options
option 60
Select this and enter the device identity you want the XMG to add in the DHCP discovery
packets that go to the DHCP server.
Vendor ID
Enter the Vendor Class Identifier, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
option 61
Select this and enter any string that identifies the device.
IAID
Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for example, the WAN connection
index number.
DUID
Enter the hardware type, a time value and the MAC address of the device.
option 125
Select this to have the XMG automatically generate and add vendor specific parameters in the
DHCP discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
IPv6 Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 Dua lSta c k or IPv6 O nly in the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de field.)
Obtain an IPv6
Address
Automatically
Select O b ta in a n IPv6 Addre ss Auto m a tic a lly if you want to have the XMG use the IPv6 prefix
from the connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
Static IPv6
Address
Select Sta tic IPv6 Addre ss if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP. When you select
this, the following fields appear.
IPv6 Address
Enter an IPv6 IP address that your ISP gave to you for this WAN interface.
Prefix Length
Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
IPv6 Default
Gateway
Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
segment as your XMG's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
IPv6 Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 Dua lSta c k or IPv6 O nly in the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de
field. You can enable IPv6 routing features in the following section.)
MLD Proxy
Enable
Select this checkbox to have the XMG act as an MLD proxy on this connection. This allows the
XMG to get subscription information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group.
It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Apply as Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the XMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
IPv6 DNS Server
This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 Dua lSta c k or IPv6 O nly in the IPv4/ IPv6 Mo de field. Configure the
IPv6 DNS server in the following section.
Obtain IPv6 DNS
Info
Automatically
Select O b ta in IPv6 DNS Info Auto m a tic a lly to have the XMG get the IPv6 DNS server addresses
from the ISP automatically.
Use Following
Static IPv6 DNS
Address
Select Use Fo llo wing Sta tic IPv6 DNS Addre ss to have the XMG use the IPv6 DNS server addresses
you configure manually.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the XMG.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
6.2.1.2 Bridg e Mo de
Click the Add ne w WAN Inte rfa c e in the Ne two rk Se tting > Bro a db a nd screen or the Edit icon next to the
connection you want to configure. Select Bridg e as the encapsulation mode. The screen varies
depending on the interface type you select.
If you select ADSL/ VDSL o ve r PTM or Ethe rne t as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL/VDSL over PTM -Bridge
Mode)
Fig ure 25
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL/VDSL over PTM -Bridge or
Ethernet Mode)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
General
Name
Enter a service name of the connection.
Type
Select ADSL/ VDSL o ve r PTM as the interface that you want to configure. The XMG uses the VDSL
technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode
Select Bridg e when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected
computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridg e , you
cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the
selected LAN port(s).
VLAN
This section is available only when you select ADSL/ VDSL o ve r PTM in the Type field.
Active
Select Ena b le to enable VLAN on this WAN interface.
802.1p
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater
the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q
Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
If you select ADSL o ve r ATM as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Fig ure 26
Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
General
Name
Enter a service name of the connection.
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Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Type
Select ADSL o ve r ATM as the interface that you want to configure. The XMG uses the ADSL
technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode
Select Bridg e when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select
Bridg e , you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic
from the selected LAN port(s).
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL o ve r ATM .)
VPI
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
Encapsulation
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:
• LLC / SNAP- BRIDG ING : In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the
type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPo E or
PPPo E in the Enc a psula tio n field.
• VC / MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To
transport multiple protocols, the XMG needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC and
the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since there
is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload.
Service
Category
Select UBR Witho ut PC R for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
Select C BR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select No n Re a ltim e VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Re a ltim e VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
VLAN
This section is available only when you select ADSL/ VDSL o ve r PTM in the Type field.
Active
Select Ena b le to enable VLAN on this WAN interface.
802.1p
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The
greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q
Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
6.3 The Adva nc e d Sc re e n
Use the Adva nc e d screen to enable or disable ADSL over PTM, Annex M, DSL PhyR, and SRA (Seamless
Rate Adaptation) functions. The XMG supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is a retransmission
scheme designed to provide protection against noise on the DSL line. It improves voice, video and data
transmission resilience by utilizing a retransmission buffer.
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ITU-T G.993.2 standard defines a wide range of settings for various parameters, some of which are
encompassed in profiles as shown in the next table.
Table 12 VDSL Profiles
PRO FILE
BANDWIDTH
(MHZ)
NUMBER O F
DO WNSTREAM
C ARRIERS
C ARRIER
BANDWIDTH
(KHZ)
PO WER (DBM)
MAX.
DO WNSTREAM
THRO UG HPUT
(MBIT/ S)
8a
8.832
2048
4.3125
17.5
50
8b
8.832
2048
4.3125
20.5
50
8c
8.5
1972
4.3125
11.5
50
8d
8.832
2048
4.3125
14.5
50
12a
12
2783
4.3125
14.5
68
12b
12
2783
4.3125
14.5
68
17a
17.664
4096
4.3125
14.5
100
30a
30
3479
8.625
14.5
200
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Bro a db a nd > Adva nc e d to display the following screen.
Fig ure 27
Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
PhyR US
Enable or disable PhyR US (upstream) for upstream transmission to the WAN. PhyR US should be
enabled if data being transmitted upstream is sensitive to noise. However, enabling PhyR US can
decrease the US line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to
function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled.
PhyR DS
Enable or disable PhyR DS (downstream) for downstream transmission from the WAN. PhyR DS
should be enabled if data being transmitted downstream is sensitive to noise. However,
enabling PhyR DS can decrease the DS line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE
to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled.
Bitswap
Select Ena b le to allow the XMG to adapt to line changes when you are using G.dmt.
Bit-swapping is a way of keeping the line more stable by constantly monitoring and redistributing
bits between channels.
SRA
Enable or disable Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA). Select Ena b le to have the XMG automatically
adjust the connection’s data rate according to line conditions without interrupting service.
ADSL
Modulation
PTM over ADSL:
Select Ena b le to use PTM over ADSL. Since PTM has less overhead than ATM, some ISPs use this for
better performance.
G.dmt:
ITU G.992.1 (better known as G.dmt) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone
modulation. G.dmt full-rate ADSL expands the usable bandwidth of existing copper telephone
lines, delivering high-speed data communications at rates up to 8 Mbit/s downstream and 1.3
Mbit/s upstream.
G.lite :
ITU G.992.2 (better known as G.lite) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone
modulation. G.lite does not strictly require the use of DSL filters, but like all variants of ADSL
generally functions better with splitters.
T1.413 :
ANSI T1.413 is a technical standard that defines the requirements for the single asymmetric
digital subscriber line (ADSL) for the interface between the telecommunications network and
the customer installation in terms of their interaction and electrical characteristics.
ADSL2 :
It optionally extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates to 12 Mbit/s downstream and,
depending on Annex version, up to 3.5 Mbit/s upstream (with a mandatory capability of ADSL2
transceivers of 8 Mbit/s downstream and 800 kbit/s upstream).
AnnexL :
Annex L is an optional specification in the ITU-T ADSL2 recommendation G.992.3 titled Specific
requirements for a Reach Extended ADSL2 (READSL2) system operating in the frequency band
above POTS, therefore it is often referred to as Reach Extended ADSL2 or READSL2.The main
difference between this specification and commonly deployed Annex A is the maximum
distance that can be used. The power of the lower frequencies used for transmitting data is
boosted up to increase the reach of this signal up to 7 kilometers (23,000 ft).
ADSL2+ :
ADSL2+ extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream channels.
The data rates can be as high as 24 Mbit/s downstream and up to 1.4 Mbit/s upstream
depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.
AnnexM :
Annex M is an optional specification in ITU-T recommendations G.992.3 (ADSL2) and G.992.5
(ADSL2+), also referred to as ADSL2 M and ADSL2+ M. This specification extends the capability of
commonly deployed Annex A by more than doubling the number of upstream bits. The data
rates can be as high as 12 or 24 Mbit/s downstream and 3 Mbit/s upstream depending on the
distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.
VDSL2
VDSL is a specification that supports wide deployment of voice, video, data and HDTV. The data
can be as high as on ADSL2+. It has a long reach performance, and unlike VDSL systems it is not
limited to short local loops.
VDSL Profile
VDSL2 profiles differ in the width of the frequency band used to transmit the broadband signal.
Profiles that use a wider frequency band can deliver higher maximum speeds.
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Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
8a, 8b, 8c, 8d,
12a, 12b, 17a,
30a, US0
The G.993.2 VDSL standard defines a wide range of profiles that can be used in different VDSL
deployment settings, such as in a central office, a street cabinet or a building.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the XMG.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to return to the previous configuration.
The XMG must comply with at least one profile specified in G.993.2. but compliance with more
than one profile is allowed.
6.4 The Ethe rne t WAN Sc re e n
You can enable the fourth Ethernet LAN port to be an Ethernet WAN port in the Ethe rne t WAN screen.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Bro a db a nd > Ethe rne t WAN to display the following screen.
Fig ure 28
Network Setting > Broadband > Ethernet WAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Network Setting > Broadband > Ethernet WAN
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select Ena b le to convert the fourth Ethernet LAN port to the Ethernet WAN port. Otherwise,
select Disa b le .
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the XMG.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to return to the previous configuration.
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6.5 The 802.1x Sc re e n
You can view and configure the 802.1X authentication settings in the 802.1x screen. Click Ne two rk
Se tting > Bro a db a nd > 802.1x to display the following screen.
Fig ure 29
Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the authentication is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
authentication is active. A gray bulb signifies that this authentication is not active.
Interface
This is the interface that uses the authentication. This displays N/ A when there is no interface
assigned.
EAP Identity
This shows the EAP identity of the authentication. This displays N/ A when there is no EAP identity
assigned.
EAP method
This shows the EAP method used in the authentication. This displays N/ A when there is no EAP
method assigned.
Bidirectional
Authentication
This shows whether bidirectional authentication is allowed.
Certificate
This shows the certificate used for this authentication. This displays N/ A when there is no
certificate assigned.
Trusted CA
This shows the Trusted CA used for this authentication. This displays N/ A when there is no Trusted
CA assigned.
Modify
Click this icon to edit an item.
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6.5.1 Mo dify 802.1X Se tting s
Use this screen to edit 802.1X authentication settings. Click the Edit icon next to the rule you want to edit.
The screen shown next appears.
Fig ure 30
Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x > Modify
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x: Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
This field allows you to activate/deactivate the authentication.
Select this to enable the authentication. Clear this to disable this authentication without having
to delete the entry.
Interface
Select an interface to which the authentication applies.
EAP Identity
Enter the EAP identity of the authentication.
EAP method
This is the EAP method used for this authentication.
Bidirectional
Authentication
Select Enable to allow bidirectional authentication.
Certificate
Select the certificate you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the
certificate in the Se c urity > C e rtific a te s > Lo c a l C e rtific a te s screen.
Trusted CA
Select the Trusted CA you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the
certificate in the Se c urity > C e rtific a te s > Truste d C A screen.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
6.6 Te c hnic a l Re fe re nc e
The following section contains additional technical information about the XMG features described in this
chapter.
Enc a psula tio n
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The XMG can work in bridge mode or
routing mode. When the XMG is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.
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Chapter 6 Broadband
IP o ve r Ethe rne t
IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an Ethernet
network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface and the
WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For
instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.
PPP o ve r ATM (PPPo A)
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection
functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The XMG encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483
and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP)
DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC
1661 for more information on PPP.
PPP o ve r Ethe rne t (PPPo E)
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a
manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a
personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function
known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP
services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific
configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the XMG (rather than individual computers), the computers on the
LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the XMG does that part of the task. Furthermore, with
NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5).
The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based
multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual
circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.
Multiple xing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the
multiplexing method required by your ISP.
VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for
example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic
creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
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LLC-based Multiplexing
In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in
each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be
advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if
charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
Tra ffic Sha ping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate
and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion,
which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections.
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may be
lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum
speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is
dependent on the line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum
average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the
PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is
reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to
the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates
to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Fig ure 31
Example of Traffic Shaping
ATM Tra ffic C la sse s
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent.
CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that
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continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate,
cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and
voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use the
Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT)
connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely
controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified)
but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video
conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement
varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR
and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection
would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't
guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example
application is background file transfer.
IP Addre ss Assig nm e nt
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one
each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or
static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and
default gateway.
Intro duc tio n to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical
networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one
group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same
group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the
subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network
resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user
in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable
logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and
every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
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Intro duc tio n to IEEE 802.1Q Ta g g e d VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a
frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can
be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a
specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network.
A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag
Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag
Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a
frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to
an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of
4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID
(VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and
the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is
used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
User Priority
CFI
VLAN ID
2 Bytes
3 Bits
1 Bit
12 Bits
Multic a st
IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1
sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network not everybody and not just 1.
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a
Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over
version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed
information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of
RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast
computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP.
The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.
At start up, the XMG queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that,
the XMG periodically updates this information.
DNS Se rve r Addre ss Assig nm e nt
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa,
for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important
because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The XMG can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up.
If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
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If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the XMG’s WAN IP address), set
the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
IPv6 Addre ssing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be
written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Pre fix a nd Pre fix Le ng th
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
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Wire le ss
7.1 O ve rvie w
This chapter describes the XMG’s Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss screens. Use these screens to set up your
XMG’s wireless connection.
7.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
This section describes the XMG’s Wire le ss screens. Use these screens to set up your XMG’s wireless
connection.
• Use the G e ne ra l screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security
mode (Section 7.2 on page 84).
• Use the G ue st/ Mo re AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your XMG (Section 7.3 on page
88).
• Use the MAC Authe ntic a tio n screen to allow or deny wireless clients based on their MAC addresses
from connecting to the XMG (Section 7.4 on page 91).
• Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal Identification
Number) (Section 7.5 on page 92).
• Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless
networks for multimedia applications (Section 7.6 on page 94).
• Use the O the rs screen to configure wireless advanced features, such as the RTS/CTS Threshold
(Section 7.7 on page 95).
• Use the C ha nne l Sta tus screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results (Section 7.8 on
page 96).
7.1.2 Wha t Yo u Ne e d to Kno w
Wire le ss Ba sic s
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and
receive information over the airwowaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one
another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information
with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking devices operate
at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However,
wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in that there a
number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.
Finding O ut Mo re
See Section 7.9 on page 97 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.
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7.2 The G e ne ra l Sc re e n
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the XMG from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and
you change the XMG’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless
connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless
settings of your computer to match the XMG’s new settings.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss to open the G e ne ra l screen.
Fig ure 32
Network Setting > Wireless > General
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The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 17 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Wireless Network Setup
Band
This shows the wireless band which this radio profile is using. 2.4G Hz is the frequency used by IEEE
802.11b/g/n wireless clients while 5G Hz is used by IEEE 802.11a/ac wireless clients.
Wireless
You can Ena b le or Disa b le the wireless LAN in this field.
Channel
Use Auto to have the XMG automatically determine a channel to use.
Bandwidth
Select whether the XMG uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz, 40MHz or 80MHz.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel
uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps.
40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase
throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz
setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal.
An 80MHz channel groups adjacent 40MHz channels into pairs to increase bandwidth even
higher.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
Control
Sideband
This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth field
to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the C ha nne l field) should be in the Lo we r or
Uppe r range of channel bands.
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated.
Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Max Clients
Specify the maximum number of clients that can connect to this network at the same time.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain
the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Multicast
Forwarding
Select this check box to allow the XMG to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless unicast
traffic.
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in kilobits per
second (Kbps).
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in kilobits
per second (Kbps).
BSSID
This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the XMG when wireless LAN is enabled.
Security Level
Select Ba sic (WEP) or Mo re Se c ure (WPA(2)- PSK) to add security on this wireless network. The
wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings
as the XMG. When you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Or you can select No Se c urity to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.2.1 No Se c urity
Select No Se c urity to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data
encryption or authentication.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your XMG, your network is accessible to
any wireless networking device that is within range.
Fig ure 33
Wireless > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Wireless > General: No Security
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Security Level
Choose No Se c urity to allow all wireless connections without data encryption or authentication.
7.2.2 Ba sic (WEP Enc ryptio n)
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points
(AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use
the same WEP key.
Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using widelyavailable software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more effective security
mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the wireless devices in your
network support. For example, use WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK if all your wireless devices
support it, or use WPA or WPA2 if your wireless devices support it and you have a RADIUS
server. If your wireless devices support nothing stronger than WEP, use the highest
encryption level available.
Your XMG allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled
at any one time.
Note: WEP is not available when you set the wireless band to 5G Hz.
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss to display the G e ne ra l
screen, then select Ba sic as the security level.
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Fig ure 34
Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Security Level
Select Ba sic to enable WEP data encryption.
Security Mode
This shows WEP when you set Se c urity Le ve l to Ba sic .
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the XMG automatically generate a password. The password field will
not be configurable when you select this option.
Password 1~4
The password (WEP keys) are used to encrypt data. Both the XMG and the wireless stations must
use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission.
If you chose 64- b it WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9",
"A-F").
If you chose 128- b it WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "AF").
You must configure at least one password, only one password can be activated at any one
time.
Select pa sswo rd unm a sk to display the entered password in plain text. Clear it to hide the
password to avoid shoulder surfing.
more.../hide
Click m o re ... to show more fields in this section. Click hide to hide them.
WEP Encryption
Select 64- b it or 128- b it.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
7.2.3 Mo re Se c ure (WPA(2)- PSK)
The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over
WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the XMG and the connecting client share a common password
in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong as WPA, WPA2
or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of the WPA encryption
standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it less robust than it could be.
Note: WPA- PSK is not available if you enable WPS before you configure them.
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Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss to display the G e ne ra l screen. Select Mo re Se c ure as the security level.
Then select WPA- PSK or WPA2- PSK from the Se c urity Mo de list.
Fig ure 35
Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Security Level
Select Mo re Se c ure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.
Security Mode
Select WPA- PSK or WPA2- PSK from the drop-down list box.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the XMG automatically generate a password. The password field will
not be configurable when you select this option.
Password
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference
between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific
credentials.
If you did not select G e ne ra te pa sswo rd a uto m a tic a lly , you can manually type a pre-shared key
from 8 to 64 case-sensitive keyboard characters. Select pa sswo rd unm a sk to display the entered
password in plain text. Clear it to hide the password to avoid shoulder surfing.
more.../hide
Click m o re ... to show more fields in this section. Click hide to hide them.
Encryption
Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.
Group Key
Update Timer
The G ro up Ke y Upda te Tim e r is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to
all clients.
7.3 The G ue st/ Mo re AP Sc re e n
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the XMG.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss > G ue st/ Mo re AP. The following screen displays.
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Fig ure 36
Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active. A gray
bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.
SSID
An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the XMG’s BSSs. The SSID (Service Set
IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated.
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for
an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
Security
This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Guest WLAN
This displays if the guest WLAN function has been enabled for this WLAN.
If Ho m e G ue st displays, clients connecting to the same SSID can communicate with each other
directly.
If Exte rna l G ue st displays, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
N/ A displays if guest WLAN is disabled.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
7.3.1 Edit G ue st/ Mo re AP
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the G ue st/ Mo re AP screen. The
following screen displays.
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Fig ure 37
Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 22 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless
You can Ena b le or Disa b le the wireless LAN in this field.
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated.
Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain
the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Guest WLAN
Select this to create Guest WLANs for home and external clients. Select the WLAN type in the
Ac c e ss Sc e na rio field.
Access Scenario
If you select Ho m e G ue st, clients connecting to the same SSID can communicate with each
other directly.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
If you select Exte rna l G ue st, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
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Table 22 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in kilobits per
second (Kbps).
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in kilobits
per second (Kbps).
BSSID
This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the XMG when wireless LAN is enabled.
SSID Subnet
Select Ena b le if you want the wireless network interface to assign DHCP IP addresses to the
associated wireless clients.
DHCP Start
Address
Specify the first of the contiguous addresses in the DHCP IP address pool.
The XMG assigns IP addresses from this DHCP pool to wireless clients connecting to the SSID.
DHCP End
Address
Specify the last of the contiguous addresses in the DHCP IP address pool.
SSID Subnet
Mask
Specify the subnet mask of the XMG for the SSID subnet.
LAN IP
Address
Specify the IP address of the XMG for the SSID subnet..
Security Level
Security Mode
Select Ba sic (WEP) or Mo re Se c ure (WPA(2)- PSK) to add security on this wireless network. The
wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings
as the XMG. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Se c urity to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See Section 7.2.1 on page 86 for more details about this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
7.4 MAC Authe ntic a tio n
This screen allows you to configure the Zyxel Device to give exclusive access to specific devices (Allo w)
or exclude specific devices from accessing the Zyxel Device (De ny) . Every Ethernet device has a unique
MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses
of the devices to configure this screen.
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Use this screen to view your XMG’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules. Click Ne two rk
Se tting > Wire le ss > MAC Authe ntic a tio n. The screen appears as shown.
Fig ure 38
Wireless > MAC Authentication
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Wireless > MAC Authentication
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
SSID
Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.
MAC Restrict
Mode
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Addre ss table.
Select Disa b le to turn off MAC filtering.
Select De ny to block access to the XMG. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the
XMG.
Select Allo w to permit access to the XMG. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the
XMG.
Add new MAC
address
Click this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below.
This is the index number of the entry.
MAC Address
This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the XMG.
Modify
Click the Edit icon and type the MAC address of the peer device in a valid MAC address format
(six hexadecimal character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the XMG
in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six
hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Click the De le te icon to delete the entry.
7.5 The WPS Sc re e n
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your XMG.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure
security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must
support WPS. See Section 7.9.8.3 on page 105 for more information about WPS.
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Note: The XMG applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 7.2 on page 84). If
you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you have set the security mode of SSID1 to
WPA2- PSK or No Se c urity .
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss > WPS. The following screen displays. Select Ena b le and click Apply to
activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen.
Fig ure 39
Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
General
WPS
Select Enable to activate WPS on this XMG.
Add a new device with WPS Method
Method 1
WPS
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration (PBC). Select
Ena b le and click Apply to activate WPS method 1 on the XMG.
Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the
XMG) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of
device, or a menu button similar to the WPS button on this screen.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of
pressing this button.
Method 2
Register
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the client into the XMG.
Select Ena b le and click Apply to activate WPS method 2 on the XMG.
Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click Re g iste r to
authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it
present its PIN to the XMG.
Method 3
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the XMG into the client.
Select Ena b le and click Apply to activate WPS method 3 on the XMG.
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Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Release
Configuration
The default WPS status is configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the XMG.
Generate
New PIN
Number
If this method has been enabled, the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the XMG is shown
here. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.
The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.
Click the G e ne ra te Ne w PIN button to have the XMG create a new PIN.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
7.6 The WMM Sc re e n
Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Power Save in wireless networks for
multimedia applications.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss > WMM . The following screen displays.
Fig ure 40
Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
2.4GHz WMM Setup / 5GHz WMM Setup
WMM of SSID1~4 Select O n to have the XMG automatically give the wireless network (SSIDx) a priority level
according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia
Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
WMM
Automatic
Power Save
Delivery(APSD)
Select this option to extend the battery life of your mobile devices (especially useful for small
devices that are running multimedia applications). The XMG goes to sleep mode to save power
when it is not transmitting data. The AP buffers the packets sent to the XMG until the XMG "wakes
up". The XMG wakes up periodically to check for incoming data.
Note: This works only if the wireless device to which the XMG is connected also
supports this feature.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.7 The O the rs Sc re e n
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss > O the rs. The
screen appears as shown.
See Section 7.9.2 on page 99 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen.
Fig ure 41
Network Setting > Wireless > Others
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
RTS/CTS
Threshold
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear
To Send) handshake.
Enter a value between 0 and 2347.
Fragmentation
Threshold
This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2346.
Output Power
Set the output power of the XMG. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the
output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following: 20% , 40% ,
60% , 80% or 100% .
Beacon Interval
When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval. This
specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again.
The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low power mode
before waking up to handle the beacon. This value can be set from 50ms to 1000ms. A high
value helps save current consumption of the access point.
DTIM Interval
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and
multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Power Saving mode. A high DTIM
value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1 to
255.
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Table 26 Network Setting > Wireless > Others (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
802.11 Mode
Select 802.11b O nly to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
XMG.
Select 802.11g O nly to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
XMG.
Select 802.11n O nly to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
XMG.
Select 802.11b / g Mixe d to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to
associate with the XMG. The transmission rate of your XMG might be reduced.
Select 802.11b / g / n Mixe d to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the XMG. The transmission rate of your XMG might be reduced.
802.11 Protection
Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks (networks with both
IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).
Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This helps
improve IEEE 802.11g performance.
Select O ff to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your XMG might be reduced in a
mixed-mode network.
This field displays O ff and is not configurable when you set 802.11 Mo de to 802.11b O nly .
Preamble
Select a preamble type from the drop-down list box. Choices are Lo ng or Sho rt. See Section
7.9.7 on page 103 for more information.
OBSS
Coexistence
Select Ena b le to allow the coexistence of 20 MHz and 40 MHz Overlapping Basic Service Sets
(OBSS) in wireless local area networks. Select Disa b le d to disable this feature.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
This field is configurable only when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b .
7.8 The C ha nne l Sta tus Sc re e n
Use the C ha nne l Sta tus screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results. Click Ne two rk
Se tting > Wire le ss > C ha nne l Sta tus. The screen appears as shown. Click Sc a n to scan the wireless LAN
channels. You can view the results in the C ha nne l Sc a n Re sult section.
Note: The Sc a n button only works when the XMG uses 20MHz for the wireless channel width.
You can go to the Ne two rk Se tting > Wire le ss > G e ne ra l screen, click the m o re link, and
then change the channel width setting in the Ba ndwidth field.
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Fig ure 42
Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status
7.9 Te c hnic a l Re fe re nc e
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see Appendix B on page 255.
7.9.1 Wire le ss Ne two rk O ve rvie w
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous
wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending
a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients.
The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one
another in order to exchange information.
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The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Fig ure 43
Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access
point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your XMG is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency,
to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
Ra dio C ha nne ls
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the
purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a variety of
networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network,
you must select a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available
channels also varies.
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7.9.2 Additio na l Wire le ss Te rm s
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the XMG’s Web
Configurator.
Table 27 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM
DESC RIPTIO N
RTS/CTS Threshold
In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not
aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at
the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get
permission to send information to the XMG. The lower the value, the more often the
devices must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless
devices never have to get permission to send information to the XMG.
Preamble
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes:
long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the XMG does, it cannot
communicate with the XMG.
Authentication
The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network.
Fragmentation
Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger
threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
7.9.3 Wire le ss Se c urity O ve rvie w
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means
that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over
the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or
she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the
network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only
authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting
the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the network.
Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with
the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are
given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent
Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined
attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use
them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you use a long key which is
difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently
random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have
sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network
should ensure that effective security is in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information
that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not
include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is
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Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your
security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
7.9.3.1 SSID
Normally, the XMG acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the
SSID instead, in which case the XMG does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the
default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to
get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the
wireless network.
7.9.3.2 MAC Addre ss Filte r
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC
address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example,
00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network,
see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the XMG which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the
wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct
information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does
not matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore,
there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an authorized device. Then,
they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
7.9.3.3 Use r Authe ntic a tio n
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every device
in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This
is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up
user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they
cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a
valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless
network.
1.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These
kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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7.9.3.4 Enc ryptio n
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the
message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 7.9.3.3 on
page 100 for information about this.)
Table 28 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
We a ke st
NO AUTHENTIC ATIO N
RADIUS SERVER
No Security
WPA
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Stro ng e st
WPA2-PSK
WPA2
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2 . If users do not
log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Sta tic WEP, WPA- PSK, or WPA2- PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For
example, suppose you have a wireless network with the XMG and you do not have a RADIUS server.
Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only
supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Sta tic WEP in the
wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA- PSK, WPA , or stronger encryption.
The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for
unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2- PSK in your XMG, you can also select an option (WPA c o m pa tib le ) to
support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you
should set up WPA2- PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA
c o m pa tib le option in the XMG.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the
key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.
7.9.4 Sig na l Pro b le m s
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance,
interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur
when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio
transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are
coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when
physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
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7.9.5 BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless
station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is disabled,
wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When IntraBSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot
communicate with each other.
Fig ure 44
Basic Service set
7.9.6 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the
cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The XMG’s MBSSID (Multiple
Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs
simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
7.9.6.1 No te s o n Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in
different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not
communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
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7.9.7 Pre a m b le Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the
synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more
efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network
support it, otherwise the XMG uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
7.9.8 WiFi Pro te c te d Se tup (WPS)
Your XMG supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless
network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure
security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must
support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to
authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up
a secure network by themselves.
7.9.8.1 Push Butto n C o nfig ura tio n
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and
allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their
configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.
Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility
and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the XMG, see Section 7.6 on
page 94).
Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the XMG you must press the WPS
button for more than five seconds.
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Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID)
and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s
configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
7.9.8.2 PIN C o nfig ura tio n
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it
cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button
in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that
the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate
WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices
to use the PIN method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client) into
the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first
device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and
security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router
(referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.
Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to do
this.
Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the client’s
configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the XMG, see
Section 7.5 on page 92).
Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can
either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.
On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS
was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you
see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting
to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
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Fig ure 45
Example WPS Process: PIN Method
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
WPS
This device’s
WPS PIN: 123456
WPS
Enter WPS PIN
from other device:
WPS
WPS
START
START
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURE EAP TUNNEL
SSID
WPA(2)-PSK
COMMUNICATION
7.9.8.3 Ho w WPS Wo rks
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts
as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the
enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP
(Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the
standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing
information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a
WPS-enabled access point.
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Fig ure 46
How WPS works
ACTIVATE
WPS
ACTIVATE
WPS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
WPS HANDSHAKE
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURE TUNNEL
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The
next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction.
If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked
devices and the new device.
Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the
enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can
act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security
settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has
connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client can still
act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer
act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you
want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.
7.9.8.4 Exa m ple WPS Ne two rk Se tup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1 , both AP1 and C lie nt 1 are unconfigured.
When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and
C lie nt 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network,
since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
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Fig ure 47
WPS: Example Network Step 1
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURITY INFO
AP1
CLIENT 1
In step 2 , you add another wireless client to the network. You know that C lie nt 1 supports registrar mode,
but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the
access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is
configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security
information to C lie nt 2 .
Fig ure 48
WPS: Example Network Step 2
REGISTRAR
EXISTING CONNECTION
AP1
CLIENT 1
ENROLLEE
NF
YI
CU
SE
CLIENT 2
In step 3, you add another access point (AP2 ) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1 , so you cannot
use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that C lie nt 2 supports
the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
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Fig ure 49
WPS: Example Network Step 3
EXISTING CONNECTION
CLIENT 1
IS
EX
GC
TIN
ION
CT
NN
AP1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 2
SE
CU
RIT
ENROLLEE
INF
AP2
7.9.8.5 Lim ita tio ns o f WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does
not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices
simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing
the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully
enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a
network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key
from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover
the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the
non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK).
• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one
device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device
could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee,
and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a
hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices
simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not
have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and look
at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access
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point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device
must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of
your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown
MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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Ho m e Ne two rking
8.1 O ve rvie w
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices are
connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.
Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.
LAN
DSL
8.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
• Use the LAN Se tup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your XMG
(Section 8.2 on page 112).
• Use the Sta tic DHC P screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based
on their MAC Addresses (Section 8.3 on page 116).
• Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP and UPnP NAT traversal on the XMG (Section 8.4 on page 117).
• Use the Additio na l Sub ne t screen to configure IP alias and public static IP (Section 8.5 on page 120).
• Use the STB Ve ndo r ID screen to configure the Vendor IDs of the connected Set Top Box (STB) devices,
which have the XMG automatically create static DHCP entries for the STB devices when they request
IP addresses (Section 8.6 on page 121).
• Use the Wa ke o n LAN screen to remotely turn on a device on the network. (Section 8.7 on page 121).
• Use the TFTP Se rve r Na m e screen to set a TFTP server address which is passed to the clients using DHCP
option 66. (Section 8.8 on page 122).
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8.1.2 Wha t Yo u Ne e d To Kno w
8.1.2.1 Ab o ut LAN
IP Addre ss
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers,
servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These
networking devices are also known as hosts.
Sub ne t Ma sk
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet
masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
DHC P
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your XMG an IP address, subnet mask,
DNS and other routing information when it's turned on.
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
networking device before you can access it.
RADVD (Ro ute r Adve rtise m e nt Da e m o n)
When an IPv6 host sends a Router Solicitation (RS) request to discover the available routers, RADVD with
Router Advertisement (RA) messages in response to the request. It specifies the minimum and maximum
intervals of RA broadcasts. RA messages containing the address prefix. IPv6 hosts can be generated
with the IPv6 prefix an IPv6 address.
8.1.2.2 Ab o ut UPnP
Ide ntifying UPnP De vic e s
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Tra ve rsa l
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT
traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
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• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the for more information on NAT.
C a utio ns with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be
obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security
reasons, the XMG allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP a nd Zyxe l
Zyxel has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™ Implementers
Corp. (UIC). Zyxel's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0.
See Section 8.4.1 on page 118 for examples of installing and using UPnP.
Finding O ut Mo re
See Section 8.9 on page 122 for technical background information on LANs.
8.1.3 Be fo re Yo u Be g in
Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List
screen.
8.2 The LAN Se tup Sc re e n
Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your XMG. Click Ne two rk
Se tting > Ho m e Ne two rking to open the LAN Se tup screen.
Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings.
Enter an IP address into the IP Addre ss field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation. This will
become the IP address of your XMG.
Enter the IP subnet mask into the Sub ne t Ma sk field. Unless instructed otherwise it is best to leave this
alone, the configurator will automatically compute a subnet mask based upon the IP address you
entered.
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Click Apply to save your settings.
Fig ure 50
Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 29 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Interface Group
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure LAN settings. See Chapter 14
on page 171 for how to create a new interface group.
LAN IP Setup
IP Address
Enter the LAN IPv4 address you want to assign to your XMG in dotted decimal notation, for
example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Subnet Mask
Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0
(factory default). Your XMG automatically computes the subnet mask based on the IP Address
you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed to do so.
IGMP Snooping
Active
Select Ena b le to allows the XMG to passively learn multicast group.
IGMP
Select Sta nda rd Mo de to allow the XMG to forward traffic only to ports that want to receive it.
Select Blo c king Mo de to allow the XMG to block unknown muticast adresses.
DHCP Server State
DHCP
Select Ena b le to have the XMG act as a DHCP server or DHCP relay agent.
Select Disa b le to stop the DHCP server on the XMG.
Select DHC P Re la y to have the XMG forward DHCP request to the DHCP server.
DHCP Relay
Server Address
This field is only available when you select DHC P Re la y in the DHC P field.
IP Address
Enter the IPv4 address of the actual remote DHCP server in this field.
IP Addressing
Values
This field is only available when you select Ena b le in the DHC P field.
Beginning IP
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Ending IP
Address
This field specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Auto reserve IP
for the same
host
Select Ena b le to have the XMG record DHCP IP addresses with the MAC addresses the IP
addresses are assigned to. The XMG assigns the same IP address to the same MAC address
when the host requests an IP address again through DHCP.
DHCP Server
Lease Time
This is the period of time DHCP-assigned addresses is used. DHCP automatically assigns IP
addresses to clients when they log in. DHCP centralizes IP address management on central
computers that run the DHCP server program. DHCP leases addresses, for a period of time,
which means that past addresses are “recycled” and made available for future reassignment to
other systems.
This field is only available when you select Ena b le in the DHC P field.
Days/Hours/
Minutes
Enter the lease time of the DHCP server.
DNS Values
This field is only available when you select Ena b le in the DHC P field.
DNS
Select Fro m ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information.
Select DNS Pro xy if you have the DNS proxy service. The XMG redirects clients’ DNS queries to a
DNS server for resolving domain names.
Select Sta tic if you have the IP address of a DNS server.
DNS Server 1/2
This field is only available when you select Sta tic in the DNS field. Enter the first and second DNS
(Domain Name System) server IP addresses the XMG passes to the DHCP clients.
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Table 29 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
LAN IPv6 Mode Setup
IPv6 Active
Select Ena b le to activate the IPv6 mode and configure IPv6 settings on the XMG.
Link Local Address Type
EUI64
Select this to have the XMG generate an interface ID for the LAN interface’s link-local address
using the EUI-64 format.
Manual
Select this to manually enter an interface ID for the LAN interface’s link-local address.
Lan Global Identifier Type
EUI64
Select this to have the XMG generate an interface ID using the EUI-64 format for its global
address .
Manual
Select this to manually enter an interface ID for the LAN interface’s global IPv6 address.
LAN IPv6 Prefix Setup
Delegate prefix
from WAN
Select this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the service provider or an
uplink router.
Static
Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 address for the XMG’s LAN IPv6 address.
MLD Snooping
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of
MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the
hosts want to join on its network.
Active
Select Ena b le to activate MLD Snooping on the XMG. This allows the XMG to check MLD packets
passing through it and learn the multicast group membership. It helps reduce multicast traffic.
MLD Mode
Select Sta nda rd Mo de to allow the XMG to forward MLD packets only to ports that want to
receive it.
Select MLD Mo de to allow the XMG to block MLD packets for a specific multicast group.
LAN IPv6
Address Assign
Setup
Select how you want to obtain an IPv6 address:
•
•
•
LAN IPv6 DNS
Assign Setup
Sta te le ss: The XMG uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. RADVD (Router Advertisement
Daemon) is enabled to have the XMG send IPv6 prefix information in router advertisements
periodically and in response to router solicitations. DHCPv6 server is disabled.
Sta te ful: The XMG uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. The DHCPv6 server is enabled to have
the XMG act as a DHCPv6 server and pass IPv6 addresses to DHCPv6 clients.
Sta te le ss a nd Sta te ful: The XMG uses both IPv6 stateless and stateful autoconfiguration. The
LAN IPv6 clients can obtain IPv6 addresses either through router advertisements or through
DHCPv6.
Select how the XMG provide DNS server and domain name information to the clients:
•
Fro m Ro ute r Adve rtise m e nt: The XMG provides DNS information through router
advertisements.
•
•
Fro m DHC Pv6 Se rve r: The XMG provides DNS information through DHCPv6.
Fro m RA & DHC Pv6 Se rve r: The XMG provides DNS information through both router
advertisements and DHCPv6.
DHCPv6 Configuration
DHCPv6 Active
This shows the status of the DHCPv6. DHC Pv6 Se rve r displays if you configured the XMG to act as
a DHCPv6 server which assigns IPv6 addresses and/or DNS information to clients.
IPv6 Router Advertisement State
RADVD Active
This shows whether RADVD is enabled or not.
IPv6 DNS Values
IPv6 DNS Server
1-3
Select Fro m ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns IPv6 DNS server information.
Select Use r- De fine d if you have the IPv6 address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server IPv6
addresses the XMG passes to the DHCP clients.
Select No ne if you do not want to configure IPv6 DNS servers.
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Table 29 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
DNS Query
Scenario
Select how the XMG handles clients’ DNS information requests.
•
•
•
•
•
IPv4/ IPv6 DNS Se rve r: The XMG forwards the requests to both the IPv4 and IPv6 DNS servers
and sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
IPv6 DNS Se rve r O nly : The XMG forwards the requests to the IPv6 DNS server and sends clients
the DNS information it receives.
IPv4 DNS Se rve r O nly : The XMG forwards the requests to the IPv4 DNS server and sends clients
the DNS information it receives.
IPv6 DNS Se rve r First: The XMG forwards the requests to the IPv6 DNS server first and then the
IPv4 DNS server. Then it sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
IPv4 DNS Se rve r First: The XMG forwards the requests to the IPv4 DNS server first and then the
IPv6 DNS server. Then it sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
8.3 The Sta tic DHC P Sc re e n
This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their
MAC Addresses.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned
at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Use this screen to change your XMG’s static DHCP settings. Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ho m e Ne two rking >
Sta tic DHC P to open the following screen.
Fig ure 51
Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Static DHCP
Configuration
Click this to add a new static DHCP entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the client is connected to the XMG.
MAC Address
The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is
unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is
assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other
adapter has a similar address.
IP Address
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to have the IP address field editable and change it.
Click the De le te icon to delete a static DHCP entry. A window displays asking you to confirm
that you want to delete the selected entry.
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If you click Sta tic DHC P C o nfig ura tio n in the Sta tic DHC P screen or the Edit icon next to a static DHCP
entry, the following screen displays.
Fig ure 52
Static DHCP: Static DHCP Configuration/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Static DHCP: Static DHCP Configuration/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select Ena b le to activate the connection between the client and the XMG.
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure static DHCP settings. See
Chapter 14 on page 171 for how to create a new interface group.
IP Type
This field displays IPv4 for the type of the DHCP IP address. At the time of writing, it is not
allowed to select other type.
Select Device Info
Select a device or computer from the drop-down list or select Ma nua l Input to manually enter
a device’s MAC address and IP address in the following fields.
MAC Address
If you select Ma nua l Input, enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
IP Address
If you select Ma nua l Input, enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on
your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
8.4 The UPnP Sc re e n
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple
peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network,
obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a
device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
See page 111 for more information on UPnP.
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Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your XMG. Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ho m e
Ne two rking > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
Fig ure 53
Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
UPnP State
UPnP
Select Ena b le to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open
the web configurator's login screen without entering the XMG's IP address (although you must
still enter the password to access the web configurator).
UPnP NAT-T State
UPnP NAT-T
Select Ena b le to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the XMG so that
they can communicate through the XMG by using NAT traversal. UPnP applications
automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP
enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP
enabled application.
The table below displays the NAT port forwarding rules added automatically by UPnP NAT-T.
This is the index number of the UPnP NAT-T connection.
Description
This is the description of the UPnP NAT-T connection.
Destination IP
Address
This is the IP address of the other connected UPnP-enabled device.
External Port
This is the external port number that identifies the service.
Internal Port
This is the internal port number that identifies the service.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol used for the service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
8.4.1 Turning O n UPnP in Windo ws 7 Exa m ple
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows 7. UPnP server is installed in Windows 7.
Activate UPnP on the XMG.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the XMG. Turn on your computer and the XMG.
Click the start icon, C o ntro l Pa ne l and then the Ne two rk a nd Sha ring C e nte r.
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Click C ha ng e Adva nc e d Sha ring Se tting s.
Select Turn o n ne two rk disc o ve ry and click Sa ve C ha ng e s. Network discovery allows your computer to
find other computers and devices on the network and other computers on the network to find your
computer. This makes it easier to share files and printers.
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8.5 The Additio na l Sub ne t Sc re e n
Use the Additio na l Sub ne t screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet
interface. The XMG supports multiple logical LAN interfaces via its physical Ethernet interface with the
XMG itself as the gateway for the LAN network. When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall
rules to control access to the LAN's logical network (subnet).
If your ISP provides the Public LAN service, the XMG may use an LAN IP address that can be accessed
from the WAN.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ho m e Ne two rking > Additio na l Sub ne t to display the screen shown next.
Fig ure 54
Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
IP Alias Setup
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure the IP alias settings. See
Chapter 14 on page 171 for how to create a new interface group.
Active
Select Ena b le to configure a LAN network for the XMG.
IPv4 Address
Enter the IP address of your XMG in dotted decimal notation.
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0
(factory default).
Public LAN
Active
Select Ena b le to enable the Public LAN feature. Your ISP must support Public LAN and Static IP.
IPv4 Address
Enter the public IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet Mask
Enter the public IPv4 subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Offer Public IP
by DHCP
Select Ena b le to enable the XMG to provide public IP addresses by DHCP server.
Enable ARP
Proxy
Select Ena b le to enable the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy.
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Table 33 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
8.6 The STB Ve ndo r ID Sc re e n
Set Top Box (STB) devices with dynamic IP addresses sometimes don’t renew their IP addresses before
the lease time expires. This could lead to IP address conflicts if the STB continues to use an IP address that
gets assigned to another device. Use this screen to configure the Vendor IDs of connected STBs, which
have the XMG automatically created static DHCP entries for them when they request IP addresses.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ho m e Ne two rking > STB Ve ndo r ID to open this screen.
Fig ure 55
Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Vendor ID 1~5
These are STB’s Vendor Class Identifiers (DHCP option 60). A Vendor Class Identifier is usually
used to inform the DHCP server a DHCP client’s vendor and functionality.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
8.7 The Wa ke o n LAN Sc re e n
Use this screen to turn on a device on the LAN network. To use this feature, the remote device must also
support Wake On LAN.
You need to know the MAC address of the LAN device. It may be on a label on the device or in its
documentation.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ho m e Ne two rking > Wa ke o n LAN to open this screen.
Fig ure 56
Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on LAN
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on LAN
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Wake by
Address
Select Ma nua l and enter the IP address or MAC address of the device to turn it on remotely. The
drop-down list also lists the IP addresses that can be found in the XMG’s ARP table. Select an IP
address and it will then automatically update the IP address and MAC address in the following
fields.
IP Address
Enter the IPv4 IP address of the device to turn it on.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC address of the device to turn it on. A MAC address consists of six hexadecimal
character pairs.
Wake up
Click this to send a wake up packet to wake up the specified device.
8.8 The TFTP Se rve r Na m e Sc re e n
Use the TFTP Se rve r Na m e screen to set the TFTP server address which is passed to the clients using DHCP
option 66. The DHCP clients in the XMG local network, such as STB devices that support the TFTP booting
mechanism, can then use the TFTP server address or domain name for initial system settings download.
RFC 2132 defines the option 66 open standard. DHCP option 66 carries the IP address or the domain
name of a single TFTP server.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ho m e Ne two rking > TFTP Se rve r Na m e to open this screen.
Fig ure 57
Network Setting > Home Networking > TFTP Server Name
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > TFTP Server Name
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
TFTP Server
Name
Enter the IP address or the domain name of a single TFTP server.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
8.9 Te c hnic a l Re fe re nc e
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.
8.9.1 LANs, WANs a nd the XMG
The actual physical connection determines whether the XMG ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two
separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown
next.
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Fig ure 58
LAN and WAN IP Addresses
LAN
WAN
8.9.2 DHC P Se tup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain
TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the XMG as a DHCP server or disable it.
When configured as a server, the XMG provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP
service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually
configured.
IP Po o l Se tup
The XMG is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the product
specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN
computers.
8.9.3 DNS Se rve r Addre sse s
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The
DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer
before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the
client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.
• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign
up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Se rve r fields in the DHC P Se tup
screen.
• Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of IPCP (IP
Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS servers, chances
are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The XMG supports the IPCP DNS server
extensions through the DNS proxy feature.
Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It does not
mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If your ISP gives
you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the DHC P Se tup screen.
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Ro uting
9.1 O ve rvie w
The XMG usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the
Internet. To have the XMG send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static
routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A ) connected to the XMG’s LAN interface. The XMG
routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the XMG’s default gateway (R1 ). You create one static
route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2 . You create another static route to
communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the LAN.
Fig ure 59
Example of Routing Topology
R1
LAN
WAN
R3
R2
9.2 The Ro uting Sc re e n
Use this screen to view and configure the static route rules on the XMG. Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ro uting
> Sta tic Ro ute to open the following screen.
Fig ure 60
Network Setting > Routing > Static Route
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 Network Setting > Routing > Static Route
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add new static
route
Click this to configure a new static route.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the static route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this route is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this route is not active.
Name
This is the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination IP
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based
on network number.
Subnet Mask
This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.
Gateway
This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network
segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Interface
This is the WAN interface used for this static route.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the static route on the XMG.
Click the De le te icon to remove a static route from the XMG. A window displays asking you to
confirm that you want to delete the route.
9.2.1 Add/ Edit Sta tic Ro ute
Use this screen to add or edit a static route. Click Add ne w sta tic ro ute in the Ro uting screen or the Edit
icon next to the static route you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Fig ure 61
Routing: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Routing: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.
Select Ena b le to activate the static route. Select Disa b le to deactivate this static route without
having to delete the entry.
Route Name
Enter a descriptive name for the static route.
IP Type
Select whether your IP type is IPv4 or IPv6 .
Destination IP
Address
Enter the IPv4 or IPv6 network address of the final destination.
IP Subnet Mask
If you are using IPv4 and need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of
255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host
ID. Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Use Gateway IP
Address
The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN
port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
If you want to use the gateway IP address, select Ena b le .
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the gateway.
Use Interface
Select the WAN interface you want to use for this static route.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
9.3 The DNS Ro ute Sc re e n
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the XMG. Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ro uting > DNS
Ro ute to open the following screen.
Fig ure 62
Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New DNS
Route
Click this to add a new DNS route.
This is the index number of a DNS route.
Status
This field displays whether the DNS route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this DNS route
is active. A gray bulb signifies that this DNS route is not active.
Domain Name
This is the host name or domain name of the DNS route entry.
WAN Interface
This is the WAN connection through which the XMG forwards DNS requests for this domain name.
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Table 39 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Subnet Mask
This is the subnet mask of the DNS route entry.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the DNS route.
Click the De le te icon to delete the DNS route.
9.3.1 The DNS Ro ute Add Sc re e n
You can manually add the XMG’s DNS route entry. Click Add Ne w DNS Ro ute in the Ne two rk Se tting >
Ro uting > DNS Ro ute screen. The screen shown next appears.
Fig ure 63
DNS Route Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 DNS Route Add
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select to enable or disable this DNS route.
Domain Name
Enter the domain name of the DNS route entry.
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask of the DNS route entry.
WAN Interface
Select the WAN connection through which the XMG forwards DNS requests for this domain
name.
OK
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to exit this screen without saving any changes.
9.4 The Po lic y Ro ute Sc re e n
Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the XMG takes the shortest path to
forward a packet. Policy route allows the XMG to override the default routing behavior and alter the
packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-based routing is
applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing.
You can use source-based policy forwarding to direct traffic from different users through different
connections or distribute traffic among multiple paths for load sharing.
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The Po lic y Ro ute screen let you view and configure routing policies on the XMG. Click Ne two rk Se tting >
Ro uting > Po lic y Ro ute to open the following screen.
Fig ure 64
Network Setting > Routing > Policy Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Network Setting > Routing >Policy Route
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New Policy
Route
Click this to create a new policy forwarding rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the DNS route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this DNS route
is active. A gray bulb signifies that this DNS route is not active.
Name
This is the name of the rule.
Source IP
This is the source IP address.
Source Subnet
Mask
his is the source subnet mask address.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol.
Source Port
This is the source port number.
Source MAC
This is the source MAC address.
Source
Interface
This is the interface from which the matched traffic is sent.
WAN Interface
This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this policy.
Click the De le te icon to remove a policy from the XMG. A window displays asking you to confirm
that you want to delete the policy.
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9.4.1 Add/ Edit Po lic y Ro ute
Click Add Ne w Po lic y Ro ute in the Po lic y Ro ute screen or click the Edit icon next to a policy. Use this
screen to configure the required information for a policy route.
Fig ure 65
Policy Route: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42 Policy Route: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select to enable or disable this policy route.
Route Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 8 printable English keyboard characters, not including spaces.
Source IP
Address
Enter the source IP address.
Source Subnet
Mask
Enter the source subnet mask address.
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol (TC P or UDP).
Source Port
Enter the source port number.
Source MAC
Enter the source MAC address.
Source Interface Type the name of the interface from which the matched traffic is sent.
WAN Interface
Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s)
already configured in the Bro a db a nd screens.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
9.5 RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP, RFC 1058 and RFC 1389) allows a device to exchange routing
information with other routers.
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9.5.1 The RIP Sc re e n
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Ro uting > RIP to open the RIP screen.
Fig ure 66
RIP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 RIP
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
This is the index of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Interface
This is the name of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Version
The RIP version controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the
XMG sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP version 1 is universally supported but
RIP version 2 carries more information. RIP version 1 is probably adequate for most networks,
unless you have an unusual network topology.
Operation
Select Pa ssive to have the XMG update the routing table based on the RIP packets received
from neighbors but not advertise its route information to other routers in this interface.
Select Ac tive to have the XMG advertise its route information and also listen for routing updates
from neighboring routers.
Enable
Select the check box to activate the settings.
Disable Default
Gateway
Select the check box to set the XMG to not send the route information to the default gateway.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the XMG.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
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C HA PTER 1 0
Q ua lity o f Se rvic e (Q o S)
10.1 O ve rvie w
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the
networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely
to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and
make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-demand.
Configure QoS on the XMG to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network
performance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:
Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows.
Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow.
The XMG assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned a
high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing timesensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require
a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or
Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as Internet radio or streaming video.
This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers.
10.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
• Use the G e ne ra l screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth (Section 10.3 on
page 133).
• Use the Q ue ue Se tup screen to configure QoS queue assignment (Section 10.4 on page 134).
• Use the C la ssific a tio n Se tup screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section 10.5 on page 137).
• Use the Sha pe r Se tup screen to limit outgoing traffic transmission rate on the selected interface
(Section 10.6 on page 141).
• Use the Po lic e r Se tup screen to control incoming traffic transmission rate and bursts (Section 10.7 on
page 142).
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10.2 Wha t Yo u Ne e d to Kno w
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Q o S ve rsus C o s
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the
same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of
traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different
packet types.
CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS). IEEE
802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocol and
defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header.
Ta g g ing a nd Ma rking
In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value, IEEE
802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a
compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific
treatment or service based on the tag or marker.
Tra ffic Sha ping
Bursty traffic may cause network congestion. Traffic shaping regulates packets to be transmitted with a
pre-configured data transmission rate using buffers (or queues). Your XMG uses the Token Bucket
algorithm to allow a certain amount of large bursts while keeping a limit at the average rate.
Traffic Rat e
Traffic
Traffic
Traffic Rat e
Tim e
Tim e
( Aft er Traffic Shaping)
( Before Traffic Shaping)
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Tra ffic Po lic ing
Traffic policing is the limiting of the input or output transmission rate of a class of traffic on the basis of
user-defined criteria. Traffic policing methods measure traffic flows against user-defined criteria and
identify it as either conforming, exceeding or violating the criteria.
Traffic Rat e
Traffic
Traffic
Traffic Rat e
Tim e
Tim e
( Before Traffic Policing)
( Aft er Traffic Policing)
The XMG supports three incoming traffic metering algorithms: Token Bucket Filter (TBF), Single Rate Two
Color Maker (srTCM), and Two Rate Two Color Marker (trTCM). You can specify actions which are
performed on the colored packets. See Section 10.8 on page 144 for more information on each
metering algorithm.
10.3 The Q ua lity o f Se rvic e G e ne ra l Sc re e n
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Q o S > G e ne ra l to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth. See Section 10.1 on page 131
for more information.
Fig ure 67
Network Settings > QoS > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44 Network Setting > QoS > General
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
QoS
Select the Ena b le check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance.
WAN Managed
Upstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interfaces that you want to allocate using
QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. For
example, set the WAN interfaces’ speed to 100000 kbps if your Internet connection has an
upstream transmission speed of 100 Mbps.
You can set this number higher than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. The XMG uses up
to 95% of the DSL port’s actual upstream transmission speed even if you set this number higher
than the DSL port’s actual transmission speed.
You can also set this number lower than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This will cause
the XMG to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the XMG automatically sets this number to be 95% of the WAN
interfaces’ actual upstream transmission speed.
LAN Managed
Downstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of downstream bandwidth for the LAN interfaces (including WLAN) that you
want to allocate using QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission
speed. For example, set the LAN managed downstream bandwidth to 100000 kbps if you use a
100 Mbps wired Ethernet WAN connection.
You can also set this number lower than the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This will
cause the XMG to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the XMG automatically sets this to the LAN interfaces’ maximum
supported connection speed.
Upstream Traffic
Priority Assigned
by
Select how the XMG assigns priorities to various upstream traffic flows.
•
•
•
•
No ne : Disables auto priority mapping and has the XMG put packets into the queues
according to your classification rules. Traffic which does not match any of the classification
rules is mapped into the default queue with the lowest priority.
Ethe rne t Prio rity: Automatically assign priority based on the IEEE 802.1p priority level.
IP Pre c e de nc e : Automatically assign priority based on the first three bits of the TOS field in the
IP header.
Pa c ke t Le ng th: Automatically assign priority based on the packet size. Smaller packets get
higher priority since control, signaling, VoIP, internet gaming, or other real-time packets are
usually small while larger packets are usually best effort data packets like file transfers.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
10.4 The Q ue ue Se tup Sc re e n
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Q o S > Q ue ue Se tup to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.
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Fig ure 68
Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New
Queue
Click this button to create a new queue entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the queue is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this queue is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this queue is not active.
Name
This shows the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
This shows the name of the XMG’s interface through which traffic in this queue passes.
Priority
This shows the priority of this queue.
Weight
This shows the weight of this queue.
Buffer
Management
This shows the queue management algorithm used for this queue.
Rate Limit
This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the queue.
Queue management algorithms determine how the XMG should handle packets when it
receives too many (network congestion).
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
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10.4.1 Adding a Q o S Q ue ue
Click Add Ne w Q ue ue or the edit icon in the Q ue ue Se tup screen to configure a queue.
Fig ure 69
Queue Setup: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Queue Setup: Add
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select to enable or disable this queue.
Name
Enter the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
Select the interface to which this queue is applied.
This field is read-only if you are editing the queue.
Priority
Select the priority level (from 1 to 7) of this queue.
The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority queues
gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Weight
Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue.
If two queues have the same priority level, the XMG divides the bandwidth across the queues
according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more bandwidth than queues with
smaller weights.
Buffer
Management
This field displays Dro p Ta il (DT) . Dro p Ta il (DT) is a simple queue management algorithm that
allows the XMG buffer to accept as many packets as it can until it is full. Once the buffer is full,
new packets that arrive are dropped until there is space in the buffer again (packets are
transmitted out of it).
Rate Limit
Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
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10.5 The C la ssific a tio n Se tup Sc re e n
Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according
to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port
number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the
same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
You can give different priorities to traffic that the XMG forwards out through the WAN interface. Give
high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many
large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Q o S > C la ssific a tio n Se tup to open the following screen.
Fig ure 70
Network Setting > QoS > Classification Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 Network Setting > QoS > Classification Setup
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New
Classification
Click this to create a new classifier.
Order
This is the index number of the entry. The classifiers are applied in order of their numbering.
Status
This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.
Class Name
This is the name of the classifier.
Classification
Criteria
This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which traffic of
this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this classifier.
DSCP Mark
This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.
802.1P Mark
This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier.
VLAN ID Tag
This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.
To Queue
This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up by
one when you take this action.
10.5.1 Add/ Edit Q o S C la ss
Click Add Ne w C la ssific a tio n in the C la ssific a tio n Se tup screen or the Edit icon next to a classifier to open
the following screen.
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Fig ure 71
Classification Setup: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Classification Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Step1: Class Configuration
Active
Select to enable or disable this classifier.
Class Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 15 printable English keyboard characters, not including
spaces.
Classification
Order
Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to the
number you selected after clicking Apply .
Select La st to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.
Step2: Criteria Configuration
From Interface
If you want to classify the traffic by an ingress interface, select an interface from the Fro m
Inte rfa c e drop-down list box.
Ether Type
Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.
If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address, DHCP
options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select 802.1Q , you can configure an 802.1p priority level.
Source
Address
Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet Mask
Enter the source subnet mask.
Port Range
If you select TC P or UDP in the IP Pro to c o l field, select the check box and enter the port
number(s) of the source.
MAC
Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address
should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should
match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any
hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the
mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Destination
Address
Select the check box and enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet Mask
Enter the destination subnet mask.
Port Range
If you select TC P or UDP in the IP Pro to c o l field, select the check box and enter the port
number(s) of the destination.
MAC
Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address
should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified destination MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any
hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the
mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Others
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Table 48 Classification Setup: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
Service
DESC RIPTIO N
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ethe r Type field.
This field simplifies classifier configuration by allowing you to select a predefined application.
When you select a predefined application, you do not configure the rest of the filter fields.
IP Protocol
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ethe r Type field.
Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TC P, UDP, IC MP or IG MP. If you
select Use r de fine d , enter the protocol (service type) number.
DHCP
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ethe r Type field.
Select this option and select a DHCP option.
If you select Ve ndo r C la ss ID (DHC P O ptio n 60) , enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of
the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
If you select C lie nt ID (DHC P O ptio n 61), enter the Identity Association IDentifier (IAD Option 61)
of the matched traffic, such as the MAC address of the device.
If you select Use r C la ss ID (DHC P O ptio n 77) , enter a string that identifies the user’s category or
application type in the matched DHCP packets.
If you select Ve ndo r Spe c ific Info (DHC P O ptio n 125) , enter the vendor specific information of the
matched traffic, such as the product class, model name, and serial number of the device.
IP Packet
Length
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ethe r Type field.
Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1500) in the
fields provided.
DSCP
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ethe r Type field.
Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the
field provided.
802.1P
This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ethe r Type field.
Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop-down list box.
"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.
VLAN ID
This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ethe r Type field.
Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number.
TCP ACK
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ethe r Type field.
If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge) flag.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Step3: Packet Modification
DSCP Mark
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ethe r Type field.
If you select Re m a rk, enter a DSCP value with which the XMG replaces the DSCP field in the
packets.
If you select Unc ha ng e , the XMG keep the DSCP field in the packets.
802.1P Mark
Select a priority level with which the XMG replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the packets.
If you select Unc ha ng e , the XMG keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets.
VLAN ID Tag
If you select Re m a rk, enter a VLAN ID number with which the XMG replaces the VLAN ID of the
frames.
If you select Re m o ve , the XMG deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before forwarding them out.
If you select Add , the XMG treat all matched traffic untagged and add a second VLAN ID.
If you select Unc ha ng e , the XMG keep the VLAN ID in the packets.
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Table 48 Classification Setup: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Step4: Class Routing
Forward to
Interface
Select a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be forwarded out. If you select
Unc ha ng e , the XMG forward traffic of this class according to the default routing table.
Step5: Outgoing Queue Selection
To Queue Index
Select a queue that applies to this class.
You should have configured a queue in the Q ue ue Se tup screen already.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
10.6 The Q o S Sha pe r Se tup Sc re e n
This screen shows that you can use the token bucket algorithm to allow a certain amount of large bursts
while keeping a limit for processing outgoing traffic at the average rate. Click Ne two rk Se tting > Q o S >
Sha pe r Se tup . The screen appears as shown.
Fig ure 72
Network Setting > QoS > Shaper Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Network Setting > QoS > Shaper Setup
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New
Shaper
Click this to create a new entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the shaper is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this policer is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this shaper is not active.
Outgoing
Interface
This shows the name of the XMG's interface through which traffic in this shaper applies.
Rate Limit (kbps)
This shows the average rate limit of traffic bursts for this shaper.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the shaper.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing shaper. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
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10.6.1 Add/ Edit a Q o S Sha pe r
Click Add Ne w Sha pe r in the Sha pe r Se tup screen or the Edit icon next to a shaper to show the following
screen.
Fig ure 73
Shaper Setup: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 Shaper Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select to enable or disable this shaper.
Interface
Select the XMG's interface through which traffic in this shaper applies
Rate Limit
Enter the average rate limit of traffic bursts for this shaper.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
10.7 The Q o S Po lic e r Se tup Sc re e n
Use this screen to view QoS policers that allow you to limit the transmission rate of incoming traffic and
apply actions, such as drop, pass, or modify the DSCP value for matched traffic. Click Ne two rk Se tting >
Q o S > Po lic e r Se tup . The screen appears as shown.
Fig ure 74
Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add new Policer
Click this to create a new entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
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Table 51 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Status
This field displays whether the policer is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this policer is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this policer is not active.
Name
This field displays the descriptive name of this policer.
Regulated
Classes
This field displays the name of a QoS classifier
Meter Type
This field displays the type of QoS metering algorithm used in this policer.
Rule
These are the rates and burst sizes against which the policer checks the traffic of the member
QoS classes.
Action
This shows the how the policer has the XMG treat different types of traffic belonging to the
policer’s member QoS classes.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the policer.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing policer. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
10.7.1 Add/ Edit a Q o S Po lic e r
Click Add Ne w Po lic e r in the Po lic e r Se tup screen or the Edit icon next to a policer to show the following
screen.
Fig ure 75
Policer Setup: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select to enable or disable this policer.
Name
Enter the descriptive name of this policer.
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Table 52 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Meter Type
This shows the traffic metering algorithm used in this policer.
The Sim ple To ke n Buc ke t algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be
transmitted. Each token represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b bytes which is
also the bucket size.
The Sing le Ra te Thre e C o lo r Ma rke r (srTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and identifies
packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR), the Committed Burst Size
(CBS) and the Excess Burst Size (EBS).
The Two Ra te Thre e C o lo r Ma rke r (trTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and identifies
packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the Peak Information
Rate (PIR).
Committed
Rate
Specify the committed rate. When the incoming traffic rate of the member QoS classes is less
than the committed rate, the device applies the conforming action to the traffic.
Committed
Burst Size
Specify the committed burst size for packet bursts. This must be equal to or less than the peak
burst size (two rate three color) or excess burst size (single rate three color) if it is also configured.
This is the maximum size of the (first) token bucket in a traffic metering algorithm.
Conforming
Action
Specify what the XMG does for packets within the committed rate and burst size (green-marked
packets).
•
•
NonConforming
Action
Pa ss: Send the packets without modification.
DSC P Ma rk: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value to use.
Specify what the XMG does for packets that exceed the excess burst size or peak rate and burst
size (red-marked packets).
•
•
Dro p: Discard the packets.
DSC P Ma rk: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value to use.
The packets may be dropped if there is congestion on the network.
Available Class
Selected Class
Select a QoS classifier to apply this QoS policer to traffic that matches the QoS classifier.
Highlight a QoS classifier in the Ava ila b le C la ss box and use the > button to move it to the
Se le c te d C la ss box.
To remove a QoS classifier from the Se le c te d C la ss box, select it and use the < button.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
10.8 Te c hnic a l Re fe re nc e
The following section contains additional technical information about the XMG features described in this
chapter.
IEEE 802.1Q Ta g
The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority.
The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to
process the frame across the network.
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IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The following
table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Table 53 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type
PRIO RITY
LEVEL
TRAFFIC TYPE
Level 7
Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6
Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in
delay).
Level 5
Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4
Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network
Architecture) transactions.
Level 3
Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important
business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2
This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1
This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are
allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
Level 0
Typically used for best-effort traffic.
DiffSe rv
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same
priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types.
DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they
receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the
application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the
level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the
packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember
state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or
give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.
DSC P a nd Pe r- Ho p Be ha vio r
DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP
header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64
service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field.
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ
compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.
DSCP (6 bits)
Unused (2 bits)
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet
gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for
different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the
configured policies.
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IP Pre c e de nc e
Similar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a layer-3
network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. There
are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is the lowest priority
level and seven is the highest.
Auto m a tic Prio rity Q ue ue Assig nm e nt
If you enable QoS on the XMG, the XMG can automatically base on the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP
precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which does not match a class.
The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the XMG. On the XMG,
traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is
dropped if the network is congested.
Table 54 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
LAYER 2
LAYER 3
PRIO RITY
Q UEUE
IEEE 802.1P USER
PRIO RITY
(ETHERNET
PRIO RITY)
TO S (IP
PREC EDENC E)
DSC P
000000
IP PAC KETLENG TH
(BYTE)
000000
>1100
001110
250~1100
001100
001010
001000
010110
010100
010010
010000
011110
011100
011010
011000
100110
100100
100010
100000
101110
110000
111000
101000
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To ke n Buc ke t
The token bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be transmitted. The
bucket stores tokens, each of which represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b bytes
which is also the bucket size, so the bucket can hold up to b tokens. Tokens are generated and added
into the bucket at a constant rate. The following shows how tokens work with packets:
• A packet can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the bucket is equal to or greater than the size
of the packet (in bytes).
• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed from
the bucket.
• If there are no tokens in the bucket, the XMG stops transmitting until enough tokens are generated.
• If not enough tokens are available, the XMG treats the packet in either one of the following ways:
In traffic shaping:
• Holds it in the queue until enough tokens are available in the bucket.
In traffic policing:
• Drops it.
• Transmits it but adds a DSCP mark. The XMG may drop these marked packets if the network is
overloaded.
Configure the bucket size to be equal to or less than the amount of the bandwidth that the interface
can support. It does not help if you set it to a bucket size over the interface’s capability. The smaller the
bucket size, the lower the data transmission rate and that may cause outgoing packets to be dropped.
A larger transmission rate requires a big bucket size. For example, use a bucket size of 10 kbytes to get
the transmission rate up to 10 Mbps.
Single Rate Three Color Marker
The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM, defined in RFC 2697) is a type of traffic policing that identifies
packets by comparing them to one user-defined rate, the Committed Information Rate (CIR), and two
burst sizes: the Committed Burst Size (CBS) and Excess Burst Size (EBS).
The srTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet
loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and
low is referred to as green.
The srTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (CBS and EBS). Tokens are
generated and added into the bucket at a constant rate, called Committed Information Rate (CIR).
When the first bucket (CBS) is full, new tokens overflow into the second bucket (EBS).
All packets are evaluated against the CBS. If a packet does not exceed the CBS it is marked green.
Otherwise it is evaluated against the EBS. If it is below the EBS then it is marked yellow. If it exceeds the
EBS then it is marked red.
The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in srTCM:
• A packet arrives. The packet is marked green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the
CBS bucket is equal to or greater than the size of the packet (in bytes).
• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed from
the CBS bucket.
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• If there are not enough tokens in the CBS bucket, the XMG checks the EBS bucket. The packet is
marked yellow if there are sufficient tokens in the EBS bucket. Otherwise, the packet is marked red. No
tokens are removed if the packet is dropped.
Two Rate Three Color Marker
The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that identifies
packets by comparing them to two user-defined rates: the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the
Peak Information Rate (PIR). The CIR specifies the average rate at which packets are admitted to the
network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based on the guaranteed
and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service provider and client.
The trTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet
loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and
low is referred to as green.
The trTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (Committed Burst Size (CBS)
and Peak Burst Size (PBS)). Tokens are generated and added into the two buckets at the CIR and PIR
respectively.
All packets are evaluated against the PIR. If a packet exceeds the PIR it is marked red. Otherwise it is
evaluated against the CIR. If it exceeds the CIR then it is marked yellow. Finally, if it is below the CIR then
it is marked green.
The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in trTCM:
• A packet arrives. If the number of tokens in the PBS bucket is less than the size of the packet (in bytes),
the packet is marked red and may be dropped regardless of the CBS bucket. No tokens are removed
if the packet is dropped.
• If the PBS bucket has enough tokens, the XMG checks the CBS bucket. The packet is marked green
and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the CBS bucket is equal to or greater than the size
of the packet (in bytes). Otherwise, the packet is marked yellow.
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Ne two rk Addre ss Tra nsla tio n
(NAT)
11.1 O ve rvie w
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the XMG. NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC
1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an
outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network.
11.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
• Use the Po rt Fo rwa rding screen to configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your
local network (Section 11.2 on page 150).
• Use the Applic a tio ns screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local
network (Section 11.3 on page 153).
• Use the Po rt Trig g e ring screen to add and configure the XMG’s trigger port settings (Section 11.4 on
page 154).
• Use the DMZ screen to configure a default server (Section 11.5 on page 157).
• Use the ALG screen to enable and disable the NAT and SIP (VoIP) ALG in the XMG (Section 11.6 on
page 158).
• Use the Addre ss Ma pping screen to configure the XMG's address mapping settings (Section 11.7 on
page 158).
• Use the Se ssio ns screen to configure the XMG's maximum number of NAT sessions (Section 11.8 on
page 160).
11.1.2 Wha t Yo u Ne e d To Kno w
Inside / O utside
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the XMG, for example, the computers of your
subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
G lo b a l/ Lo c a l
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example,
the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the
global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
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NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the
inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN
side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address)
back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
Po rt Fo rwa rding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you
can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a
single computer to the outside world.
Finding O ut Mo re
See Section 11.9 on page 161 for advanced technical information on NAT.
11.2 The Po rt Fo rwa rding Sc re e n
Use the Po rt Fo rwa rding screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local
network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80
and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more
than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port
numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports.
The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix C on page 268. Please refer to
RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes
(such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for
servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your
location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
C o nfig uring Se rve rs Be hind Po rt Fo rwa rding (Exa m ple )
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to
another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the
example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network
appears as a single host on the Internet.
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Fig ure 76
Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
WAN
LAN
B=192.168.1.34
192.168.1.1
IP Address assigned by ISP
C=192.168.1.3
D=192.168.1.36
Click Ne two rk Se tting > NAT > Po rt Fo rwa rding to open the following screen.
See Appendix C on page 268 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Fig ure 77
Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 55 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New Rule
Click this to add a new rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the NAT rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
Service Name
This shows the service’s name.
WAN Interface
This shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Server IP
Address
This is the server’s IP address.
Start Port
This is the first external port number that identifies a service.
End Port
This is the last external port number that identifies a service.
Translation Start
Port
This is the first internal port number that identifies a service.
Translation End
Port
This is the last internal port number that identifies a service.
Protocol
This shows the IP protocol supported by this virtual server, whether it is TC P, UDP, or TC P/ UDP.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing rule.
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11.2.1 Add/ Edit Po rt Fo rwa rding
Click Add Ne w Rule in the Po rt Fo rwa rding screen or click the Edit icon next to an existing rule to open
the following screen.
Fig ure 78
Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select to enable or disable the rule.
Service Name
Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
WAN Interface
Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
You must have already configured a WAN connection with NAT enabled.
Start Port
Enter the original destination port for the packets.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Po rt field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the End
Po rt field.
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Table 56 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
End Port
Enter the last port of the original destination port range.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the Sta rt Po rt field above and then enter it
again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port
number in the Sta rt Po rt field above.
Translation Start
Port
This shows the port number to which you want the XMG to translate the incoming port. For a
range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming ports
translated.
Translation End
Port
This shows the last port of the translated port range.
Server IP
Address
Enter the inside IP address of the virtual server here.
Protocol
Select the protocol supported by this virtual server. Choices are TC P, UDP, or TC P/ UDP.
Wake up this
target by Wake
On Lan (WOL)
Select this to allow the XMG’s network to remotely turn on a device in the network.
MAC address of
WOL device
Enter the MAC address of the device that will be turned on by an XMG’s network message.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
A MAC address consists of six hexadecimal character pairs.
11.3 The Applic a tio ns Sc re e n
This screen provides a summary of all NAT applications and their configuration. In addition, this screen
allows you to create new applications and/or remove existing ones.
To access this screen, click Ne two rk Se tting > NAT > Applic a tio ns. The following screen appears.
Fig ure 79
Network Setting > NAT > Applications
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 57 Network Setting > NAT > Applications
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New
Application
Click this to add a new NAT application rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Application
Forwarded
This field shows the type of application that the service forwards.
WAN Interface
This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
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Table 57 Network Setting > NAT > Applications (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Server IP
Address
This field displays the destination IP address for the service.
Modify
Click the De le te icon to delete the rule.
11.3.1 Add Ne w Applic a tio n
This screen lets you create new NAT application rules. Click Add Ne w Applic a tio n in the Applic a tio ns
screen to open the following screen.
Fig ure 80
Network Setting > NAT > Applications: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58 Network Setting > NAT > Applications: Add
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
WAN Interface
Select the WAN interface that you want to apply this NAT rule to.
Server IP
Address
Enter the inside IP address of the application here.
Application
Category
Select the category of the application from the drop-down list box.
Application
Forwarded
Select a service from the drop-down list box and the XMG automatically configures the
protocol, start, end, and map port number that define the service.
View Rules
Click this to display the configuration of the service that you have chosen in Applic a tio n
Fo wa rde d .
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
11.4 The Po rt Trig g e ring Sc re e n
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the
server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in
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from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that
port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a
different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding
port with another LAN computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns
using the service. The XMG records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to
request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the XMG's WAN port
receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("open" port), the XMG forwards the traffic
to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computer’s connection for that
service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do
not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the
application.
For example:
Fig ure 81
Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the XMG to record Jane’s computer IP address. The XMG
associates Jane's computer IP address with the "open" port range of 6970-7170.
The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
The XMG forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The XMG
times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol).
Click Ne two rk Se tting > NAT > Po rt Trig g e ring to open the following screen. Use this screen to view your
XMG’s trigger port settings.
Fig ure 82
Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New Rule
Click this to create a new rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the port triggering rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
Service Name
This field displays the name of the service used by this rule.
WAN Interface
This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Trigger Start Port
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the XMG to record the IP
address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Trigger End Port
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Trigger Proto.
This is the trigger transport layer protocol.
Open Start Port
The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a
particular service. The XMG forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client
computer on the LAN that requested the service.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Open End Port
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Open Proto.
This is the open transport layer protocol.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.
Click the De le te icon to remove an existing rule.
11.4.1 Add/ Edit Po rt Trig g e ring Rule
This screen lets you create new port triggering rules. Click Add ne w rule in the Po rt Trig g e ring screen or
click a rule’s Edit icon to open the following screen.
Fig ure 83
Port Triggering: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 Port Triggering: Configuration Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Active
Select to enable or disable this rule.
Service Name
Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
WAN Interface
Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port triggering rules.
Trigger Start Port
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the XMG to record the IP
address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger End Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol from TC P, UDP, or TC P/ UDP.
Open Start Port
The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a
particular service. The XMG forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client
computer on the LAN that requested the service.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Open End Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Open Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol from TC P, UDP, or TC P/ UDP.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
11.5 The DMZ Sc re e n
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default server
receives packets from ports that are not specified in the NAT Po rt Fo rwa rding Se tup screen.
Fig ure 84
Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 61 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Default Server
Address
Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from ports that are not
specified in the NAT Po rt Fo rwa rding screen.
Note: If you do not assign a De fa ult Se rve r Addre ss, the XMG discards all packets
received for ports that are not specified in the NAT Po rt Fo rwa rding screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
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11.6 The ALG Sc re e n
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass
through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream. When the XMG
registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the XMG’s private IP address inside the SIP
data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use STUN or an outbound proxy if your XMG is
behind a SIP ALG.
Use this screen to enable and disable the ALGs in the XMG. To access this screen, click Ne two rk Se tting >
NAT > ALG .
Fig ure 85
Network Setting > NAT > ALG
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 62 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
NAT ALG
Enable this to make sure applications such as FTP and file transfer in IM applications work
correctly with port-forwarding and address-mapping rules.
SIP ALG
Enable this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with port-forwarding and address-mapping
rules.
RTSP ALG
Enable this to have the XMG detect RTSP traffic and help build RTSP sessions through its NAT. The
Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the
Internet.
PPTP ALG
Enable this to turn on the PPTP ALG on the XMG to detect PPTP traffic and help build PPTP
sessions through the XMG’s NAT.
IPSEC ALG
Enable this to turn on the IPsec ALG on the XMG to detect IPsec traffic and help build IPsec
sessions through the XMG’s NAT.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
11.7 The Addre ss Ma pping Sc re e n
Ordering your rules is important because the XMG applies the rules in the order that you specify. When a
rule matches the current packet, the XMG takes the corresponding action and the remaining rules are
ignored.
Click Ne two rk Se tting > NAT > Addre ss Ma pping to display the following screen.
Fig ure 86
Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 63 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add new rule
Click this to create a new rule.
Set
This is the index number of the address mapping set.
Local Start IP
This is the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP
This is the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then this field
displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local End IP address. This
field is blank for O ne - to - O ne mapping types.
Global Start IP
This is the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic IP
address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Ma ny- to - O ne mapping type.
Global End IP
This is the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for O ne - to - O ne and Ma ny- to O ne mapping types.
Type
This is the address mapping type.
O ne - to - O ne : This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Ma ny- to - O ne : This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the XMG's Single User Account feature that
previous routers supported only.
Ma ny- to - Ma ny : This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
Wan Interface
Name
This is the WAN interface to which the address mapping rule applies.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the address mapping rule.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing address mapping rule. Note that subsequent address
mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
11.7.1 Add/ Edit Addre ss Ma pping Rule
To add or edit an address mapping rule, click Add ne w rule or the rule’s edit icon in the Addre ss
Ma pping screen to display the screen shown next.
Fig ure 87
Address Mapping: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 64 Address Mapping: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Rule Name
Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
Type
Choose the IP/port mapping type from one of the following.
O ne - to - O ne : This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Ma ny- to - O ne : This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the XMG's Single User Account feature
that previous routers supported only.
Ma ny- to - Ma ny : This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
Local Start IP
Enter the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP
Enter the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then this field
displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local End IP address. This
field is blank for O ne - to - O ne mapping types.
Global Start IP
Enter the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic IP
address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Ma ny- to - O ne mapping type.
Global End IP
Enter the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for O ne - to - O ne and Ma ny- to O ne mapping types.
WAN Interface
Select a WAN interface to which the address mapping rule applies.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
11.8 The Se ssio ns Sc re e n
Use this screen to limit the number of concurrent NAT sessions a client can use. Click Ne two rk Se tting >
NAT > Se ssio ns to display the following screen.
Fig ure 88
Network Setting > NAT > Sessions
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 65 Network Setting > NAT > Sessions
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
MAX NAT
Session Per Host
Use this field to set a limit to the number of concurrent NAT sessions each client host can have.
If only a few clients use peer to peer applications, you can raise this number to improve their
performance. With heavy peer-to-peer application use, lower this number to ensure no single
client uses too many of the available NAT sessions.
Apply
Click this to save your changes on this screen.
Cancel
Click this to exit this screen without saving any changes.
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11.9 Te c hnic a l Re fe re nc e
This part contains more information regarding NAT.
11.9.1 NAT De finitio ns
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the XMG, for example, the computers of your
subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example,
the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the
global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a
host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet
when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the
same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.
Table 66 NAT Definitions
ITEM
DESC RIPTIO N
Inside
This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside
This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.
Global
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
11.9.2 Wha t NAT Do e s
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the
inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN
side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address)
back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address
(either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In
addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-toOne and Many-to-Many Overload mapping), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection.
With no servers defined, your XMG filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing
your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Ne two rk Addre ss
Tra nsla to r (NAT) .
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11.9.3 Ho w NAT Wo rks
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is
the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN,
and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally
unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source
address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT
mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The XMG keeps track of the original
addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The
following figure illustrates this.
Fig ure 89
How NAT Works
NAT Table
LAN
Inside Local
IP Address
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.12
SA
SA
192.168.1.10
IGA1
Inside Local
Address (ILA)
192.168.1.11
Inside Global
IP Address
IGA 1
IGA 2
IGA 3
IGA 4
WAN
Inside Global
Address (IGA)
192.168.1.10
11.9.4 NAT Applic a tio n
The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP
alias) behind the XMG can communicate with three distinct WAN networks.
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Fig ure 90
NAT Application With IP Alias
Po rt Fo rwa rding : Se rvic e s a nd Po rt Num b e rs
The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further
information about port numbers. Please also refer to the Supporting CD for more examples and details
on port forwarding and NAT.
Table 67 Services and Port Numbers
SERVIC ES
PO RT NUMBER
ECHO
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
21
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
25
DNS (Domain Name System)
53
Finger
79
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web)
80
POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
110
NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol)
119
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
161
SNMP trap
162
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
1723
Po rt Fo rwa rding Exa m ple
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to
another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the
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example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network
appears as a single host on the Internet.
Fig ure 91
Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
192.168.1.1
B=192.168.1.34
IP address assigned by ISP
C=192.168.1.35
D=192.168.1.36
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DNS
12.1 O ve rvie w
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
machine before you can access it.
In addition to the system DNS server(s), each WAN interface (service) is set to have its own static or
dynamic DNS server list. You can configure a DNS static route to forward DNS queries for certain domain
names through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s). The XMG uses a system DNS server (in the
order you specify in the Bro a db a nd screen) to resolve domain names that do not match any DNS
routing entry. After the XMG receives a DNS reply from a DNS server, it creates a new entry for the
resolved IP address in the routing table.
Dyna m ic DNS
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS
services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your
FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where
myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes
each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know
your IP address.
First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people
with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic
DNS service provider will give you a password or key.
12.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
• Use the DNS Entry screen to view, configure, or remove DNS routes (Section 12.2 on page 166).
• Use the Dyna m ic DNS screen to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the XMG (Section
12.3 on page 167).
12.1.2 Wha t Yo u Ne e d To Kno w
DYNDNS Wildc a rd
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP
address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example,
www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.
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If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
12.2 The DNS Entry Sc re e n
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the XMG. Click Ne two rk Se tting > DNS to open the
DNS Entry screen.
Fig ure 92
Network Setting > DNS > DNS Entry
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 68 Network Setting > DNS > DNS Entry
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New DNS
Entry
Click this to create a new DNS entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Hostname
This indicates the host name or domain name.
IP Address
This indicates the IP address assigned to this computer.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the rule.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing rule.
12.2.1 Add/ Edit DNS Entry
You can manually add or edit the XMG’s DNS name and IP address entry. Click Add Ne w DNS Entry in
the DNS Entry screen or the Edit icon next to the entry you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Fig ure 93
DNS Entry: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 69 DNS Entry: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Host Name
Enter the host name of the DNS entry.
IPv4 Address
Enter the IPv4 address of the DNS entry.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
12.3 The Dyna m ic DNS Sc re e n
Use this screen to change your XMG’s DDNS. Click Ne two rk Se tting > DNS > Dyna m ic DNS. The screen
appears as shown.
Fig ure 94
Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 70 Network Setting > DNS > > Dynamic DNS
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Dynamic DNS Setup
Dynamic DNS
Select Ena b le to use dynamic DNS.
Service Provider
Select your Dynamic DNS service provider from the drop-down list box.
Host Name
Type the domain name assigned to your XMG by your Dynamic DNS provider.
You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").
Username
Type your user name.
Password
Type the password assigned to you.
Dynamic DNS Status
User
Authentication
Result
This shows Suc c e ss if the account is correctly set up with the Dynamic DNS provider
account.
Last Updated Time
This shows the last time the IP address the Dynamic DNS provider has associated with the
hostname was updated.
Current Dynamic
IP
This shows the IP address your Dynamic DNS provider has currently associated with the
hostname.
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Table 70 Network Setting > DNS > > Dynamic DNS (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
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VLAN G ro up
13.1 O ve rvie w
Virtual LAN IDs are used to identify different traffic types over the same physical link.
In the following example, the XMG (DSL) can use VLAN IDs (VID) 100 and 200 to identify Video-onDemand and IPTV traffic respectively coming from the two VoD and IPTV multicast servers. The XMG
(DSL) can also tag outgoing requests to these servers with these VLAN IDs.
Fig ure 95
VLAN Group Example
13.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
Use these screens to group separate VLAN groups together to be treated as one VLAN group.
13.2 The VLAN G ro up Sc re e n
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Vla n G ro up to open the following screen.
Fig ure 96
Network Setting > Vlan Group
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 71 Network Setting > Vlan Group
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New Vlan
Group
Click this button to create a new VLAN group.
This is the index number of the VLAN group.
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Table 71 Network Setting > Vlan Group (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Group Name
This shows the descriptive name of the VLAN group.
VLAN ID
This shows the unique ID number that identifies the VLAN group.
Interfaces
This shows the LAN ports included in the VLAN group and if traffic leaving the port will be tagged
with the VLAN ID.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to change an existing VLAN group setting or click the De le te icon to remove
the VLAN group.
13.2.1 Add/ Edit a VLAN G ro up
Click the Add Ne w VLAN G ro up button in the Vla n G ro up screen to open the following screen. Use this
screen to create a new VLAN group.
Fig ure 97
Add/Edit VLAN Group
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 72 Add/Edit VLAN Group
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
VLAN Group
Name
Enter a name to identify this group. You can enter up to 30 characters. You can use letters,
numbers, hyphens (-) and underscores (_). Spaces are not allowed.
VLAN ID
Enter a unique ID number, from 1 to 4,094, to identify this VLAN group. Outgoing traffic is tagged
with this ID if Tx Ta g g ing is selected below.
LAN
Select Inc lude to add the associated LAN interface to this VLAN group.
Select Tx Ta g g ing to tag outgoing traffic from the associated LAN port with the VLAN ID number
entered above.
OK
Click O K to save your changes back to the XMG.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
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Inte rfa c e G ro uping
14.1 O ve rvie w
By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the XMG are in the same group and can communicate with
each other. Create interface groups to have the XMG assign the IP addresses in different domains to
different groups. Each group acts as an independent network on the XMG. This lets devices connected
to an interface group’s LAN interfaces communicate through the interface group’s WAN or LAN
interfaces but not other WAN or LAN interfaces.
14.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
The Inte rfa c e G ro uping screens let you create multiple networks on the XMG (Section 14.2 on page 171).
14.2 The Inte rfa c e G ro uping Sc re e n
You can manually add a LAN interface to a new group. Alternatively, you can have the XMG
automatically add the incoming traffic and the LAN interface on which traffic is received to an
interface group when its DHCP Vendor ID option information matches one listed for the interface group.
Use the LAN screen to configure the private IP addresses the DHCP server on the XMG assigns to the
clients in the default and/or user-defined groups. If you set the XMG to assign IP addresses based on the
client’s DHCP Vendor ID option information, you must enable DHCP server and configure LAN TCP/IP
settings for both the default and user-defined groups. See Chapter 8 on page 110 for more information.
In the following example, the client that sends packets with the DHCP Vendor ID option set to MSFT 5.0
(meaning it is a Windows 2000 DHCP client) is assigned the IP address 192.168.2.2 and uses the WAN
VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1 interface.
Fig ure 98
Interface Grouping Application
Default: ETH 2~4
192.168.1.x/24
eth10.0
VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1
192.168.2.x/24
DHCP Vendor ID option: MSFT 5.0
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Chapter 14 Interface Grouping
Click Ne two rk Se tting > Inte rfa c e G ro uping to open the following screen.
Fig ure 99
Network Setting > Interface Grouping
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 73 Network Setting > Interface Grouping
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New
Interface Group
Click this button to create a new interface group.
Group Name
This shows the descriptive name of the group.
WAN Interface
This shows the WAN interfaces in the group.
LAN Interfaces
This shows the LAN interfaces in the group.
Criteria
This shows the filtering criteria for the group.
Modify
Click the De le te icon to remove the group.
14.2.1 Inte rfa c e G ro up C o nfig ura tio n
Click the Add Ne w Inte rfa c e G ro up button in the Inte rfa c e G ro uping screen to open the following
screen. Use this screen to create a new interface group.
Note: An interface can belong to only one group at a time.
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Fig ure 100
Interface Group Configuration
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 74 Interface Group Configuration
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Group Name
Enter a name to identify this group. You can enter up to 30 characters. You can use letters,
numbers, hyphens (-) and underscores (_). Spaces are not allowed.
WAN Interfaces
used in the
grouping
Select the WAN interface this group uses. The group can have up to one PTM interface, up to
one ATM interface, up to one ETH interface, and and up to one WWAN interface.
Grouped LAN
Interfaces
Select one or more LAN interfaces (Ethernet LAN, HPNA or wireless LAN) on the Ava ila b le LAN
Inte rfa c e s list and use the left arrow to move them to the interface list on the left to add the
Available LAN
Interfaces
Select No ne to not add a WAN interface to this group.
interfaces to this group.
To remove a LAN or wireless LAN interface from the interface list on the left, use the right-facing
arrow.
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Table 74 Interface Group Configuration (continued)
14.2.2
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Automatically
Add Clients With
the following
DHCP Vendor
IDs
Click Add to identify LAN hosts to add to the interface group by criteria such as the type of the
hardware or firmware. See Section 14.2.2 on page 174 for more information.
This shows the index number of the rule.
Filter Criteria
This shows the filtering criteria. The LAN interface on which the matched traffic is received will
belong to this group automatically.
WildCard
Support
This shows if wildcard on DHCP option 60 is enabled.
Modify
Click the Mo dify icon to edit this rule on the XMG.
OK
Click O K to save your changes back to the XMG.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
Inte rfa c e G ro uping C rite ria
Click the Add button in the Inte rfa c e G ro uping C o nfig ura tio n screen to open the following screen.
Fig ure 101
Interface Grouping Criteria
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 75 Interface Grouping Criteria
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Source MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
DHCP Option 60
Select this option and enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic, such
as the type of the hardware or firmware.
Enable
wildcard
Select this option to be able to use wildcards in the Vendor Class Identifier configured for DHCP
option 60.
DHCP Option 61
Select this and enter the device identity of the matched traffic.
DHCP Option
125
Select this and enter vendor specific information of the matched traffic.
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Table 75 Interface Grouping Criteria (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Enterprise
Number
Enter the vendor’s 32-bit enterprise number registered with the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority).
Manufactur
er OUI
Specify the vendor’s OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually the first three bytes of the
MAC address.
Serial
Number
Enter the serial number of the device.
Product
Class
Enter the product class of the device.
VLAN Group
Select this and the VLAN group of the matched traffic from the drop-down list box.
OK
Click O K to save your changes back to the XMG.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
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C HA PTER 1 5
USB Se rvic e
15.1 O ve rvie w
You can share files on a USB memory stick or hard drive connected to your XMG with users on your
network.
The following figure is an overview of the XMG’s file server feature. Computers A and B can access files
on a USB device (C ) which is connected to the XMG.
Fig ure 102
File Sharing Overview
The XMG will not be able to join the workgroup if your local area network has restrictions set up
that do not allow devices to join a workgroup. In this case, contact your network administrator.
15.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
• Use the File Sha ring screen to enable file-sharing server (Section 15.1.3 on page 177).
• Use the Me dia Se rve r screen to enable or disable the sharing of media files (Section 15.3 on page
179).
15.1.2 Wha t Yo u Ne e d To Kno w
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
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15.1.2.1 Ab o ut File Sha ring
Wo rkg ro up na m e
This is the name given to a set of computers that are connected on a network and share resources such
as a printer or files. Windows automatically assigns the workgroup name when you set up a network.
Sha re s
When settings are set to default, each USB device connected to the XMG is given a folder, called a
“share”. If a USB hard drive connected to the XMG has more than one partition, then each partition will
be allocated a share. You can also configure a “share” to be a sub-folder or file on the USB device.
File Syste m s
A file system is a way of storing and organizing files on your hard drive and storage device. Often
different operating systems such as Windows or Linux have different file systems. The file sharing feature
on your XMG supports File Allocation Table (FAT) and FAT32.
C o m m o n Inte rne t File Syste m
The XMG uses Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocol for its file sharing functions. CIFS compatible
computers can access the USB file storage devices connected to the XMG. CIFS protocol is supported
on Microsoft Windows, Linux Samba and other operating systems (refer to your systems specifications for
CIFS compatibility).
15.1.3 Be fo re Yo u Be g in
Make sure the XMG is connected to your network and turned on.
Connect the USB device to one of the XMG’s USB port. Make sure the XMG is connected to your
network.
The XMG detects the USB device and makes its contents available for browsing. If you are connecting a
USB hard drive that comes with an external power supply, make sure it is connected to an appropriate
power source that is on.
Note: If your USB device cannot be detected by the XMG, see the troubleshooting for
suggestions.
15.2 The File Sha ring Sc re e n
Use this screen to set up file sharing through the XMG. The XMG’s LAN users can access the shared folder
(or share) from the USB device inserted in the XMG. To access this screen, click Ne two rk Se tting > USB
Se rvic e > File Sha ring .
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Chapter 15 USB Service
Fig ure 103
Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 76 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Information
Volume
This is the volume name the XMG gives to an inserted USB device.
Capacity
This is the total available memory size (in megabytes) on the USB device.
Used Space
This is the memory size (in megabytes) already used on the USB device.
Server Configuration
File Sharing
Services
Select Ena b le to activate file sharing through the XMG.
Account Management
Add New User
Click this button to create a user account to access the secured shares.
Active
Select this to allow the user to access the secured shares.
Status
This field shows the status of the user.
: The user account is not activated for the share.
: The user account is activated for the share.
User Name
This is the name of a user who is allowed to access the secured shares on the USB device.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the user account.
Click the De le te icon to remove the user account from the XMG.
Apply
Click this to save your changes to the XMG.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
15.2.1 The Add Ne w Use r Sc re e n
Use this screen to create a user account that can access the secured shares on the USB device. To
access this screen, click the Add Ne w Use r button in the Ne two rk Se tting > USB Se rvic e > File Sha ring
screen.
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Chapter 15 USB Service
Fig ure 104
Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing > Add new user
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 77 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing > Add new user
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
User Name
Enter a user name. You can enter up to 16 characters. Only letters and numbers allowed.
New Password
Enter the password used to access the secured share. The password must be 5 to 15 characters
long. Only letters and numbers are allowed. The password is case sensitive.
Retype New
Password
Retype the password that you entered above.
Apply
Click this to save your changes to the XMG.
Cancel
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
15.3 The Me dia Se rve r Sc re e n
The media server feature lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from the USB
storage device connected to your XMG (without having to copy them to another computer). The XMG
can function as a DLNA-compliant media server. The XMG streams files to DLNA-compliant media
clients (like Windows Media Player). The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a group of personal
computer and electronics companies that works to make products compatible in a home network.
The XMG media server enables you to:
• Publish all shares for everyone to play media files in the USB storage device connected to the XMG.
• Use hardware-based media clients like the DMA-2500 to play the files.
Note: Anyone on your network can play the media files in the published shares. No user name
and password or other form of security is used. The media server is enabled by default
with the video, photo, and music shares published.
To change your XMG’s media server settings, click Ne two rk Se tting > USB Se rvic e > Me dia Se rve r. The
screen appears as shown.
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Chapter 15 USB Service
Fig ure 105
Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 78 Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Media Server
Select Ena b le to have the XMG function as a DLNA-compliant media server.
Enable the media server to let (DLNA-compliant) media clients on your network play media files
located in the shares.
Interface
Select an interface on which you want to enable the media server function.
Media Library
Path
Enter the path clients use to access the media files on a USB storage device connected to the
XMG.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
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C HA PTER 1 6
Fire wa ll
16.1 O ve rvie w
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the XMG’s security settings. Use the firewall to
protect your XMG and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to it. By
default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging)
session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic
initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Fig ure 106
Default Firewall Action
WAN
LAN
16.1.1 Wha t Yo u C a n Do in this C ha pte r
• Use the G e ne ra l screen to configure the security level of the firewall on the XMG (Section 16.2 on
page 182).
• Use the Pro to c o l screen to add or remove predefined Internet services and configure firewall rules
(Section 16.3 on page 183).
• Use the Ac c e ss C o ntro l screen to view and configure incoming/outgoing filtering rules (Section 16.4
on page 185).
• Use the Do S screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks (.Section 16.5 on
page 187).
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16.1.2 Wha t Yo u Ne e d to Kno w
SYN Atta c k
A SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the targeted
system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYNACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYN-ACKs are moved off the
queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer terminates the three-way handshake.
Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests, making the system unavailable
for legitimate users.
Do S
Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet.
Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access
to network resources. The XMG is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all known DoS
attacks.
DDo S
A DDoS attack is one in which multiple compromised systems attack a single target, thereby causing
denial of service for users of the targeted system.
LAND Atta c k
In a LAND attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the
target system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system
unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.
Ping o f De a th
Ping of Death uses a "ping" utility to create and send an IP packet that exceeds the maximum 65,536
bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. This may cause systems to crash, hang or reboot.
SPI
Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) tracks each connection crossing the firewall and makes sure it is valid.
Filtering decisions are based not only on rules but also context. For example, traffic from the WAN may
only be allowed to cross the firewall in response to a request from the LAN.
16.2 The Fire wa ll Sc re e n
Use this screen to set the security level of the firewall on the XMG. Firewall rules are grouped based on
the direction of travel of packets to which they apply.
Click Se c urity > Fire wa ll to display the G e ne ra l screen.
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Chapter 16 Firewall
Fig ure 107
Security > Firewall > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 79 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Firewall
Select Ena b le to activate the firewall feature on the XMG.
Low
Select Lo w to allow LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Medium
Select Me dium to allow LAN to WAN but deny WAN to LAN packet directions.
High
Select Hig h to deny LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
16.3 The Pro to c o l Sc re e n
You can configure customized services and port numbers in the Pro to c o l screen. For a comprehensive
list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) website. See
Appendix C on page 268 for some examples.
Click Se c urity > Fire wa ll > Pro to c o l to display the following screen.
Fig ure 108
Security > Firewall > Protocol
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Chapter 16 Firewall
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 80 Security > Firewall > Protocol
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New
Protocol Entry
Click this to add a new service.
Name
This is the name of your customized service.
Description
This is the description of your customized service.
Ports/Protocol
Number
This shows the IP protocol (TC P, UDP, IC MP, or TC P/ UDP) and the port number or range of ports
that defines your customized service. O the r and the protocol number displays if the service uses
another IP protocol.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the entry.
Click the De le te icon to remove this entry.
16.3.1 Add/ Edit a Se rvic e
Use this screen to add a customized service rule that you can use in the firewall’s ACL rule configuration.
Click Add Ne w Pro to c o l Entry or the edit icon next to an existing service rule in the Pro to c o l screen to
display the following screen.
Fig ure 109
Security > Firewall > Protocol: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 81 Security > Firewall > Protocol: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Service Name
Enter a unique name (up to 32 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces) for your
customized port.
Description
Enter a description for your customized port.
Protocol
Choose the IP protocol (TC P, UDP, IC MP, IC MPv6 or O the r) that defines your customized port
from the drop-down list box. Select O the r to be able to enter a protocol number.
Source/
Destination Port
These fields are displayed if you select TC P or UDP as the IP port.
Select Sing le to specify one port only or Ra ng e to specify a span of ports that define your
customized service. If you select Any , the service is applied to all ports.
Type a single port number or the range of port numbers that define your customized service.
Protocol
Number
This field is displayed if you select O the r as the protocol.
Enter the protocol number of your customized port.
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Table 81 Security > Firewall > Protocol: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
ICMPv6 Type
This field is displayed if you select IC MPv6 as the protocol.
Enter the type value for the ICMPv6 messages.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
16.4 The Ac c e ss C o ntro l Sc re e n
Click Se c urity > Fire wa ll > Ac c e ss C o ntro l to display the following screen. This screen displays a list of the
configured incoming or outgoing filtering rules.
Fig ure 110
Security > Firewall > Access Control
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 82 Security > Firewall > Access Control
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New ACL
Rule
Click this to go to add a filter rule for incoming or outgoing IP traffic.
This is the index number of the entry.
Name
This displays the name of the rule.
Src IP
This displays the source IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank source
address is equivalent to Any .
Dst IP
This displays the destination IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank
destination address is equivalent to Any .
Service
This displays the transport layer protocol that defines the service and the direction of traffic to
which this rule applies.
Action
This field displays whether the rule silently discards packets (DRO P), discards packets and sends a
TCP reset packet or an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender (REJEC T) or allows
the passage of packets (AC C EPT).
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the rule.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
Click the Mo ve To icon to change the order of the rule. Enter the number in the # field.
16.4.1 Add/ Edit a n AC L Rule
Click Add ne w AC L rule or the Edit icon next to an existing ACL rule in the Ac c e ss C o ntro l screen. The
following screen displays.
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Chapter 16 Firewall
Fig ure 111
Access Control: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 83 Access Control: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Filter Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 alphanumeric characters, not including spaces,
underscores, and dashes.
You must enter the filter name to add an ACL rule. This field is read-only if you are editing the
ACL rule.
Order
Select the order of the ACL rule.
Select Source
Device
Select the source device to which the ACL rule applies. If you select Spe c ific IP Addre ss, enter
the source IP address in the field below.
Source IP
Address
Enter the source IP address.
Select
Destination
Device
Select the destination device to which the ACL rule applies. If you select Spe c ific IP Addre ss,
enter the destiniation IP address in the field below.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the destination IP address.
IP Type
Select whether your IP type is IPv4 or IPv6 .
Select Service
Select the transport layer protocol that defines your customized port from the drop-down list
box. The specific protocol rule sets you add in the Se c urity > Fire wa ll > Se rvic e > Add screen
display in this list.
If you want to configure a customized protocol, select Spe c ific Se rvic e .
Protocol
This field is displayed only when you select Spe c ific Pro to c o l in Se le c t Pro to c o l.
Choose the IP port (TC P/ UDP, TC P, UDP, IC MP, or IC MPv6 ) that defines your customized port from
the drop-down list box.
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Table 83 Access Control: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Custom Source
Port
This field is displayed only when you select Spe c ific Pro to c o l in Se le c t Pro to c o l.
Custom
Destination Port
Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the source.
This field is displayed only when you select Spe c ific Pro to c o l in Se le c t Pro to c o l.
Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the destination.
Policy
Use the drop-down list box to select whether to discard (DRO P), deny and send an ICMP
destination-unreachable message to the sender of (REJEC T) or allow the passage of (AC C EPT)
packets that match this rule.
Direction
Use the drop-down list box to select the direction of traffic to which this rule applies.
Enable Rate
Limit
Select Ena b le to set a limit on the upstream/downstream transmission rate for the specified
protocol.
Specify how many packets per minute or second the transmission rate is.
Scheduler Rules
Select a schedule rule for this ACL rule form the drop-down list box. You can configure a new
schedule rule by click Add Ne w Rule . This will bring you to the Se c urity > Sc he dule r Rule s screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
16.5 The Do S Sc re e n
DoS (Denial of Service) attacks can flood your Internet connection with invalid packets and connection
requests, using so much bandwidth and so many resources that Internet access becomes unavailable.
Use the Do S screen to activate protection against DoS attacks. Click Se c urity > Fire wa ll > Do S to display
the following screen.
Fig ure 112
Security > Firewall > DoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 84 Security > Firewall > DoS
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
DoS Protection
Blocking
Select Ena b le to enable protection against DoS attacks.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
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C HA PTER 1 7
MAC Filte r
17.1 O ve rvie w
You can configure the XMG to permit access to clients based on their MAC addresses in the MAC Filte r
screen. This applies to wired and wireless connections. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media
Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses of the
devices to configure this screen.
17.2 The MAC Filte r Sc re e n
Use this screen to allow wireless and LAN clients access to the XMG. Click Se c urity > MAC Filte r. The
screen appears as shown.
Fig ure 113
Security > MAC Filter
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Chapter 17 MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 85 Security > MAC Filter
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
MAC Address Filter
Select Ena b le to activate the MAC filter function.
MAC Restrict Mode
Select Allo w to only permit the listed MAC addresses access to the XMG. Select De ny to
permit anyone access to the XMG except the listed MAC addresses.
Set
This is the index number of the MAC address.
Active
Select Ac tive to enable the MAC filter rule. . The rule will not be applied if Ac tive is not
selected.
Host Name
Enter the host name of the wireless or LAN clients that are allowed access to the XMG.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless or LAN clients that are allowed access to the XMG
in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six
hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
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C HA PTER 1 8
Pa re nta l C o ntro l
18.1 O ve rvie w
Parental control allows you to block web sites with the specific URL. You can also define time periods
and days during which the XMG performs parental control on a specific user.
18.2 The Pa re nta l C o ntro l Sc re e n
Use this screen to enable parental control, view the parental control rules and schedules.
Click Se c urity > Pa re nta l C o ntro l to open the following screen.
Fig ure 114
Security > Parental Control
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 86 Security > Parental Control
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
General
Parental Control
Select Ena b le to activate parental control.
Parental Control Profile (PCP)
Add New PCP
Click this if you want to configure a new Parental Control Profile.
This shows the index number of the rule.
Status
This indicates whether the rule is active or not.
A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
PCP Name
This shows the name of the rule.
Home Network
User MAC
This shows the MAC address of the LAN user’s computer to which this rule applies.
Internet Access
Schedule
This shows the day(s) and time on which parental control is enabled.
Network Service
This shows whether the network service is configured. If not, No ne will be shown.
Website
Blocked
This shows whether the website block is configured. If not, No ne will be shown.
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Table 86 Security > Parental Control (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing rule.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to restore your previously saved settings.
18.2.1 Add/ Edit a Pa re nta l C o ntro l Pro file
Click Add Ne w PC P in the Pa re nta l C o ntro l screen to add a new rule or click the Edit icon next to an
existing rule to edit it. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule and/or URL filtering
settings to block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites.
Fig ure 115
Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule
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Chapter 18 Parental Control
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 87 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
General
Active
Select to enable or disable this parental control rule.
Parental Control
Profile Name
Enter a descriptive name for the rule.
Home Network
User
Select the LAN user that you want to apply this rule to from the drop-down list box. If you select
C usto m , enter the LAN user’s MAC address. If you select All, the rule applies to all LAN users.
Rule List
In Ho m e Ne two rk Use r, select C usto m , enter the LAN user’s MAC address, then click the Add
icon to enter a computer MAC address for this PCP. Up to five are allowed. Click the De le te icon
to remove one.
Internet Access Schedule
Day
Select check boxes for the days that you want the XMG to perform parental control.
Time
Drag the time bar to define the time that the LAN user is allowed access (Autho rize d a c c e ss) or
denied access (No a c c e ss). Click the Add icon above the time bar to add a new time bar. Up
to three are allowed.
Network Service
Network Service
Setting
If you select Blo c k, the XMG prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites with the URLs listed
below.
If you select Allo w, the XMG blocks access to all URLs except ones listed below.
Add New
Service
Click this to show a screen in which you can add a new service rule. You can configure the
Se rvic e Na m e , Pro to c o l, and Na m e of the new rule.
This shows the index number of the rule.
Service Name
This shows the name of the rule.
Protocol:Port
This shows the protocol and the port of the rule.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing rule.
Site/URL Keyword
Block or Allow
the Web Site
If you select Blo c k the We b URLs, the XMG prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites with the
URLs listed below.
If you select Allo w the We b URLs, the XMG blocks access to all URLs except ones listed below.
Add
Click Add to show a screen to enter the URL of web site or URL keyword to which the XMG blocks
or allows access.
This shows the index number of the rule.
WebSite
This shows the URL of web site or URL keyword to which the XMG blocks or allows access.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the De le te icon to delete an existing rule.
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Table 87 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Redirect
blocked site to
Zyxel Family
Safety page
Select this to redirect users who access any blocked websites listed above to the Zyxel Family
Safety page as shown next.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to to exit this screen without saving.
Fig ure 116
Zyxel Family Safety Page Example
Click Se c urity > Pa re nta l C o ntro l > Add/ Edit Rule > Add Ne w Se rvic e to open the following screen.
Fig ure 117
Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule > Add New Service
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 88 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule > Add New Service
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Service Name
Select the name of the service. Otherwise, select Use r De fine and manualy specify
the protocol and the port of the service.
If you have chosen a pre-defined service in the Se rvic e Na m e field, this field will not
be configurable.
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol used for the service. Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP
& UDP.
Port
Enter the port of the service.
If you have chosen a pre-defined service in the Service Name field, this field will not
be configurable.
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Table 88 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule > Add New Service
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
Click Se c urity > Pa re nta l C o ntro l > Add/ Edit Rule > Add Ke ywo rd to open the following screen.
Fig ure 118
Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule > Add Keyword
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 89 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit Rule > Add Keyword
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Site/URL Keyword
Enter a keyword and click O K to have the XMG to block access to the website URLs
that contain the keyword
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
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C HA PTER 1 9
Sc he dule r Rule
19.1 O ve rvie w
You can define time periods and days during which the XMG performs scheduled rules of certain
features (such as Firewall Access Control) in the Scheduler Rule screen.
19.2 The Sc he dule r Rule Sc re e n
Use this screen to view, add, or edit time schedule rules.
Click Se c urity > Sc he dule r Rule to open the following screen.
Fig ure 119
Security > Scheduler Rule
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 90 Security > Scheduler Rule
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Add New Rule
Click this to create a new rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Rule Name
This shows the name of the rule.
Day
This shows the day(s) on which this rule is enabled.
Time
This shows the period of time on which this rule is enabled.
Description
This shows the description of this rule.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the schedule.
Click the De le te icon to delete a scheduler rule.
Note: You cannot delete a scheduler rule once it is applied to a certain feature.
19.2.1 Add/ Edit a Sc he dule
Click the Add Ne w Rule button in the Sc he dule r Rule screen or click the Edit icon next to a schedule rule
to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule.
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Chapter 19 Scheduler Rule
Fig ure 120
Scheduler Rule: Add/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 91 Scheduler Rule: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Rule Name
Enter a name (up to 31 printable English keyboard characters, not including spaces) for this
schedule.
Day
Select check boxes for the days that you want the XMG to perform this scheduler rule.
Time of Day
Range
Enter the time period of each day, in 24-hour format, during which the rule will be enforced.
Description
Enter a description for this scheduler rule.
OK
Click O K to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
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CH A P T ER 2 0
Ce r t ifica t e s
2 0 .1 Ove r vie w
The XMG can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on
public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key.
Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.
2 0 .1 .1 W h a t You Ca n D o in t h is Ch a pt e r
• Use the Lo c a l C e rtific a te s screen to generate certification requests and import the XMG's CA-signed
certificates (Section 20.4 on page 200).
• Use the Truste d C A screen to save the certificates of trusted CAs to the XMG (Section 20.4 on page
200).
2 0 .2 W h a t You N e e d t o Kn ow
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Ce r t ifica t ion Aut hor it y
A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.
There are commercial certification authorities like CyberTrust or VeriSign and government certification
authorities. The certification authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can then use the
certification authority's public key to verify the certificates. You can use the XMG to generate
certification requests that contain identifying information and public keys and then send the
certification requests to a certification authority.
2 0 .3 Th e Loca l Ce r t ifica t e s Scr e e n
Click Se c urity > C e rtific a te s to open the Lo c a l C e rtific a te s screen. This is the XMG’s summary list of
certificates and certification requests.
Fig ure 121
Security > Certificates > Local Certificates
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Chapter 20 Certificates
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 92 Security > Certificates > Local Certificates
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Private Key is
protected by a
password
Select the checkbox and enter the private key into the text box to store it on the XMG. The
private key should not exceed 63 ASCII characters (not including spaces).
Choose File
Click this to find the certificate file you want to upload.
Import Certificate
Click this button to save the certificate that you have enrolled from a certification authority
from your computer to the XMG.
Create Certificate
Request
Click this button to go to the screen where you can have the XMG generate a certification
request.
Current File
This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended that you give
each certificate a unique name.
Subject
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN (Common
Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C
(Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Issuer
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority,
such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or company and
country.
Valid From
This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. The text displays in red
and includes a No t Ye t Va lid! message if the certificate has not yet become applicable.
Valid To
This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an
Expiring ! or Expire d! message if the certificate is about to expire or has already expired.
Modify
Click the Vie w icon to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate
(or certification request).
For a certification request, click Lo a d Sig ne d to import the signed certificate.
Click the Re m o ve icon to delete the certificate (or certification request). You cannot delete a
certificate that one or more features is configured to use.
2 0 .3 .1 Cr e a t e Ce r t ifica t e Re qu e st
Click Se c urity > C e rtific a te s > Lo c a l C e rtific a te s and then C re a te C e rtific a te Re q ue st to open the
following screen. Use this screen to have the XMG generate a certification request.
Fig ure 122
Create Certificate Request
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Chapter 20 Certificates
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 93 Create Certificate Request
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Certificate
Name
Type up to 63 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this certificate.
Common Name
Select Auto to have the XMG configure this field automatically. Or select C usto m ize to enter it
manually.
Type the IP address (in dotted decimal notation), domain name or e-mail address in the field
provided. The domain name or e-mail address can be up to 63 ASCII characters. The domain
name or e-mail address is for identification purposes only and can be any string.
Organization
Name
Type up to 63 characters to identify the company or group to which the certificate owner
belongs. You may use any character, including spaces, but the XMG drops trailing spaces.
State/Province
Name
Type up to 32 characters to identify the state or province where the certificate owner is located.
You may use any character, including spaces, but the XMG drops trailing spaces.
Country/Region
Name
Select a country to identify the nation where the certificate owner is located.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
After you click Apply , the following screen displays to notify you that you need to get the certificate
request signed by a Certificate Authority. If you already have, click Lo a d_Sig ne d to import the signed
certificate into the XMG. Otherwise click Ba c k to return to the Lo c a l C e rtific a te s screen.
Fig ure 123
Certificate Request Created
2 0 .3 .2 Loa d Sign e d Ce r t ifica t e
After you create a certificate request and have it signed by a Certificate Authority, in the Lo c a l
C e rtific a te s screen click the certificate request’s Lo a d Sig ne d icon to import the signed certificate into
the XMG.
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Chapter 20 Certificates
Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import it.
Fig ure 124
Load Signed Certificate
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 94 Load Signed Certificate
LABEL
DESC RIPTIO N
Certificate
Name
This is the name of the signed certificate.
Certificate
Copy and paste the signed certificate into the text box to store it on the XMG.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click C a nc e l to exit this screen without saving.
2 0 .4 Th e Tr u st e d CA Scr e e n
Click Se c urity > C e rtific a te s > Truste d C A to open the following screen. This screen displays a summary list
of certificates of the certification authorities that you have set the XMG to accept as trusted. The XMG
accepts any valid certificate signed by a certification authority on this list as being trustworthy; thus you
do not need to import any certificate that is signed by one of these certification authorities.
Fig ure 125
Security > Certificates > Trusted CA
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