ip access KU02ZZT GSM1900 picocellular basestation User Manual 110 010XA GDE

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Installation and Configuration

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Product

Defining

Documentation

ip.access Ltd

Melbourn Science Park

Cambridge Road

Melbourn

Royston

Hertfordshire

SG8 6EE

United Kingdom

ip.access

Installation and Configuration

110#010

Author(s)

Carl Melbourne

29/07/2002

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The information contained in this document is commercially confidential and

must not be disclosed to third parties without prior consent.

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REVISION HISTORY

Version Change Summary Date Author

XA First Release 29/07/2002 CM2

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Table of Contents

Table of Figures............................................................................................................................5

Warnings and Cautions................................................................................................................6

Introduction...................................................................................................................................7

The nanoBTS ..............................................................................................................................7

Installing the nanoBTS.................................................................................................................9

Pre-Installation Checklist.............................................................................................................9

Installing the nanoBTS ................................................................................................................9

Unpacking nanoBTS .................................................................................................................10

Provision of Power to the nanoBTS ..........................................................................................11

Installing the PSU at the Ethernet switch. .............................................................................11

Installing the PSU at the nanoBTS. .......................................................................................12

Mounting the nanoBTS..........................................................................................................12

a) Fixing to a wall...................................................................................................................12

b) Fixing to a ceiling or a sloping surface ..............................................................................14

Preparation for configuring nanoBTS........................................................................................14

Configuring the nanoBTS ..........................................................................................................15

Step 1. Setting up PC for configuring nanoBTS ..................................................................15

Step 2. Connecting the nanoBTS........................................................................................16

Step 3. Setting IP addresses and downloading software ....................................................17

Step 4. Calibration of nanoBTS using frequency synchronisation.......................................18

Step 5. Check macro network channel usage.....................................................................19

Step 6. BCCH Channel Usage Test ....................................................................................21

Step 7. Retrieve BCCH frequency information....................................................................21

Step 8. Measuring path loss between nanoBTS .................................................................22

Step 9. Walk Test................................................................................................................26

Step 10. Installation Report ...................................................................................................26

Regulatory Compliance..............................................................................................................27

Appendix 1: Modifying nanoBTS for use with external antenna ...........................................28

Appendix 2: Alternative method to set frequency of nanoBTS oscillator ...........................30

Appendix 3: Commissioning at the nanoBTS.........................................................................34

Appendix 4: Commissioning mostly at the NOC ....................................................................35

Appendix 5 Troubleshooting .....................................................................................................36

Checking that the nanoBTS has successfully downloaded an IP address ...............................36

Resetting the nanoBTS to factory default settings. ...................................................................36

Communication Problems.........................................................................................................37

No LEDs ................................................................................................................................37

LED is on but is flashing orange (1sec on, 1sec off) .............................................................37

No communication between the nanoInstaller and the BTS .................................................37

Clock Adjustment Problems......................................................................................................38

No 26MHz clock during Frequency adjustment.....................................................................38

Unsettled 26MHz during frequency adjustment.....................................................................38

Problems During Beacon Test ..................................................................................................38

No signal seen on other nanoBTS during beacon test ..........................................................38

Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations......................................................................................39

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Table of Figures

Figure 1 System Architecture .........................................................................................................7

Figure 2 nanoBTS...........................................................................................................................8

Figure 3 nanoBTS PSU location...................................................................................................11

Figure 4 PSU location at Switch ...................................................................................................11

Figure 5 Separating nanoBTS and mounting bracket ..................................................................12

Figure 6 Positioning mounting bracket .........................................................................................13

Figure 7 Mounting the nanoBTS...................................................................................................14

Figure 8 DHCPD server................................................................................................................16

Figure 9 TFTP server....................................................................................................................17

Figure 10 TFTP server window when active.................................................................................17

Figure 11 nanoInstaller opening screen .......................................................................................18

Figure 12 BTS Session.................................................................................................................18

Figure 13 RXLEV Threshold.........................................................................................................19

Figure 14 Freq Sync Options ........................................................................................................19

Figure 15 NWL Test Results ........................................................................................................20

Figure 16 BCCH Information Properties.......................................................................................21

Figure 17 BCCH Information Test Results ...................................................................................22

Figure 18 BTS Session.................................................................................................................23

Figure 19 Transmit Beacon Properties: NWL options ..................................................................23

Figure 20 Transmit Beacon Properties: Beacon Information........................................................23

Figure 21 NWL Transmit Beacon .................................................................................................24

Figure 22 NWL Channel Usage Properties ..................................................................................24

Figure 23 NWL Channel Usage measurement ............................................................................25

Figure 24 Removal of antenna covers..........................................................................................28

Figure 25 Removal of antenna cover body...................................................................................28

Figure 26 Fit clamp plate ..............................................................................................................29

Figure 27 NanoInstaller Opening Screen .....................................................................................30

Figure 28 BTS Session.................................................................................................................30

Figure 29 nanoInstaller after connection to the nanoBTS ............................................................31

Figure 30 Get NV Attributes..........................................................................................................31

Figure 31 Set NV Attributes ..........................................................................................................32

Figure 32 Frequency Control ........................................................................................................33

Figure 33 Test Setup, Option 1.....................................................................................................34

Figure 34 Bts Finder Opening Screen ..........................................................................................36

Figure 35 Find BTS Results..........................................................................................................36

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Warnings and Cautions

This system is designed to be operated indoors as a fixed system device and must be

located either on or near the ceiling away from the user. It must be mounted in a manner

to ensure that all users and bystanders and users are kept a minimum of 60mm away

from antennas at all times.

Do not touch or move the antenna(s) while the unit is transmitting or receiving.

Do not hold any component containing a radio such that the antenna is very close to or

touching any exposed parts of the body, especially the face or eyes while transmitting.

In most parts of the world, regulatory approval(s) are needed before the nanoBTS is

operated.

Do not connect any device other than the nanoBTS to any RJ45 socket that has been

enabled for nanoBTS connection (i.e. 48Vdc operation).

The nanoBTS is intended for dry indoor applications only. If evidence of condensation is

present do not apply power to the nanoBTS.

The nanoBTS must only be powered using a PSU supplied by ip.access.

PSUs supplied by ip.access must not be used for powering any other equipment.

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Introduction

The nanoBTS

The nanoBTS is a picocellular basestation operating in one of the GSM frequency bands and

complies with all the relevant ETSI / FCC specifications. A nanoBTS basestation is mounted on a

wall or ceiling, taking its power and traffic from a single 10/100 switched Ethernet connection.

The range of the nanoBTS exceeds half a kilometre in an uncluttered environment and inside

buildings can be expected to support users within a radius of up to 50m or more, depending on

the building construction materials.

The nanoBTS is physically linked to the BSC over an IP network and uses standard GSM

protocols to connect to the existing Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)

The diagram below shows the system architecture. Calls within the installation are passed over

the IP network and are handed over to the PLMN if the mobile leaves the installation coverage

area and is out of range of the ip.access basestations.

MSC

PLMN

(Public Land Mobile

Network)

Ethernet

Switch

nanoBTS nanoBTS

GSM Phone

Corporate Office

BSC

RJ45(48v)

10/100baseT

Ethernet

Figure 1 System Architecture

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Status Indicator

RJ45(48Vdc)

Ethernet

TIB In

(for future

Expansion)

TIB Out (26MHz)

Figure 2 nanoBTS

The nanoBTS may be mounted on walls or ceilings, in convenient locations chosen at the system

planning stage, to provide adequate coverage in a building. Power to the nanoBTS is via the RJ45

socket enabled for 48Vdc. The nanoBTS has a LED indicator used to convey its status. Note.

This indicator can be disabled after commissioning if required using the nanoBTS installer

software. For wall mounted installations and installations on sloping surfaces it is preferred that

the cable access is from the bottom as this prevents the ingress of dust and condensation, but

where circumstances dictate the nanoBTS may be mounted to allow cables access from the top

of the unit. When mounted on a ceiling the plastic clip-on cover MUST be removed to necessitate

ventilation and cooling.

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Installing the nanoBTS

Pre-Installation Checklist

Prior to installation and following a technical site survey, ensure that the following items are

available.

1. Details of placement of PSUs (at central site or at nanoBTS).

2. The following system information is required for each nanoBTS:

• The ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number) to be allocated to that

cell.

• A specific IP address may be allocated to each nanoBTS location or a pool of IP

addresses may be provided and the installer allocates the IP address for each

nanoBTS.

• Requirements for and details of any external antenna and mounting and locations.

• BTS Id for each nanoBTS.

• IP address subnet mask and default router IP address for the each nanoBTS.

3. For the installation site, the following information is required.

• IP address subnet mask and default router IP address for the installation PC.

• Printout of the site configuration plan produced as a result of the survey

• A floor plan showing the mounting location of each nanoBTS, together with

location name and btsid.

Installing the nanoBTS

Parts required for each nanoBTS:

• Wall fixings: These are not provided as part of the nanoBTS but should be

suitable for the wall material and weight of the nanoBTS (2.7kg). Suggested

materials are 4 x 30mm no.10 woodscrews or M5 bolts and wall plugs (if

required).

• PSU.

• NanoBTS complete with mounting bracket.

• RJ45-RJ45 connecting leads

Tools required:

Installation:

• Drill and masonry or wood bit.

• Mounting bracket removal tool for removal of the bracket from the nanoBTS.

• Spanner or screwdriver suitable for any fixings used for the mounting bracket.

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• Ruler dimensioned in mm.

• T20 Torx screwdriver required if external antenna kit is used

Configuration:

• Frequency counter with 12-digit display with a reference oscillator stability better

than 10-9.

• If the reference nanoBTS adjustment is to be performed manually, then an

isolated 10-way RJ45 to BNC lead is required.

• Laptop PC preinstalled with the ip.access “nanoInstaller” and associated

configuration files.

Walk Test:

• A test mobile or other GSM measuring device.

Installation Steps

1. Unpack nanoBTS

2. Install PSUs

3. Fix mounting brackets

4. Modify nanoBTS for external antennas (if required)

5. Attach nanoBTS to mounting bracket

6. Record nanoBTS MAC address and location.

Configuration Steps

1. Set up PC for configuring nanoBTS

2. Connect the nanoBTS

3. Set IP address and optionally download operational software

4. Set frequency of nanoBTS oscillator

5. Calibrate the nanoBTS using frequency synchronisation

6. Check macro network channel usage

7. Retrieve BCCH frequency information

8. Measure path loss between nanoBTS sites

9. Walk Test

10. Installation Report

Unpacking nanoBTS

Unpack nanoBTS and check to see that the unit has not been damaged in transit. Any

damaged units should be returned to your supplier.

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Provision of Power to the nanoBTS

Power for the nanoBTS may be at either the RJ45 outlet or at the output of the last Ethernet

switch/hub/router etc. See Figure 3 below

Ethernet Switch

nanoBTS nanoBTS

BSC

RJ45(48v)

RJ45

PSU φ

φφ

PSU θ

θθ

θPSU located at the switch

φφ

φPSU located at nanoBTS

Figure 3 nanoBTS PSU location

Installing the PSU at the Ethernet switch.

If the PSU is located at the patch panel /output port of the Ethernet switch, it is important

that the PSU is connected exactly as illustrated below (failure to do so will cause damage to

the switch). Ensure that the PSU is placed in a location that is ventilated and that the

connection leads provide no safety hazard.

PSU

48Vdc

110-230Vac

RJ45

Connection to LAN

Connection to nanoBTS

Cable to nanoBTS

Ethernet Switch

Figure 4 PSU location at Switch

IF THE NETWORK HAS AN EXISTING DHCP SERVER DO NOT CONNECT THE

nanoBTS TO THE SWITCH AT THIS TIME.

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Installing the PSU at the nanoBTS.

Ensure that the PSU is placed in a location that is ventilated and that the connection leads

provide no safety hazard.

RJ45

Connection to LAN

PSU

48Vdc

110-230Vac

Connection to nanoBTS

Mounting the nanoBTS.

The location of each nanoBTS is shown on the installation floor plan produced at the

network planning stage. The network wiring must be complete before the nanoBTS can

be tested. The nanoBTS should be placed on a wall at or above head height or on a

ceiling.

Note: If the nanoBTS is to be used with an external antenna the nanoBTS should be

modified as shown in appendix 1 before mounting the nanoBTS

a) Fixing to a wall

1) Remove the nanoBTS from the bracket by sliding the removal tool over the central fin

between the bracket and the body of the unit to disengage the locking spring, slide

bracket to separate it from the main body of the unit. The tool may be inserted from

the top or bottom of the nanoBTS

nanoBTS bracket removal tool

Slide tool over

centre vane of

nanoBTS

Figure 5 Separating nanoBTS and mounting bracket

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2) Position the bracket on the wall and mark the position of the four screw holes. The top

of the bracket MUST be positioned uppermost. Ensure that the bracket is level and

sufficient clearance is maintained to allow the unit to be located on the bracket (at

least 80mm from the bracket to the top of wall and 120mm from the side of the

bracket to a side wall). See the diagram below.

80mm min

120mm min

Figure 6 Positioning mounting bracket

3) Drill the four holes in the positions marked in step 2 and insert the wall plugs (if

required). Fix the mounting bracket securely to the wall. The bracket is designed to

allow the nanoBTS unit to be mounted with the connections either to the top or bottom

of the unit.

4) Slide the nanoBTS onto the bracket and ensure that the retaining spring engages into

the indent at the rear of the unit.

5) Record the MAC address from the label against the correct location of the nanoBTS

in the site configuration plan.

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Locking Spring

TOP

Figure 7 Mounting the nanoBTS

b) Fixing to a ceiling or a sloping surface

When fixing to a ceiling or a sloping wall the same fixing process and clearances should be

observed as for fixing to a wall (at least 80mm from the bracket to the top of wall and

120mm from the side of the bracket to a side wall). On a sloping surface the top of the

bracket MUST be uppermost. Once the unit has been attached to the bracket the outer

cover MUST be removed to expose the cooling vanes.

Preparation for configuring nanoBTS

Connect the nanoBTS as per figure 3, to either a 48volt wall socket or to the nanoBTS side

of a PSU.

Check the power on self-test sequence by observing the Status Indicator on the nanoBTS.

The normal sequence is described below,

a) Red shows briefly.

b) Orange glows continuously for around 45 seconds as unit boots up.

c) If the boot process is successful the Status Indicator shows orange with a slow

blink (Off – 0.1 seconds. On – 1.9 seconds).

NOTE: Do not connect the nanoBTS to the LAN until the DHCP server is running on the

configuring PC. This is especially important if there is already a DHCP server running on

the LAN

Repeat for all other nanoBTS before proceeding to the configuration.

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Configuring the nanoBTS

Step 1. Setting up PC for configuring nanoBTS

Three options exist for commissioning the nanoBTS.

Option 1: Configuring mostly at the site IP switch room

Option 2: Configuring mostly at the BTS. See appendix 3

Option 3: Configuring mostly at the NOC (Network Operations Centre) See

appendix 4

This section covers the steps required to configure the nanoBTS using option 1. The

other options are covered in the appendixes

Check that the following files are loaded onto the laptop PC

C:\ipaccess\Software Releases\”software file name.sdp”

C:\ipaccess\Tools\Windhcpd\windhcpd.exe

C:\ipaccess\Tools\Windhcpd\com.ipaccess.nanoBTS.v1

Using a text editor, open the file C:\ipaccess\windchpd\com.ipaccess.nanoBTS.v1

that has been prepared as part of the system planning process. The file is in the

following format.

# FILENAME: com.ipaccess.nanobts.v1

# Configuration file for windhcpd to server to ip.access nanoBTSs

# NOTE: values in this file override those in dhcpd.conf for nanoBTSs

################################################################

########### Basic IP configuration in standard DHCP ###########

################################################################

subnet = 255.255.0.0

router = 172.28.0.254

# The lease time is mandatory for a successful lease

# The value is in seconds. NOTE nanoBTSs assume lease-time=-1 makes the served

# IP and VSI configuration static, and disables future DHCP !!!

lease-time -1

# filename and next-server options tell the nanoBTS to do a TFTP download

# from the next-server (or from this server if omitted) using the given filename

filename = bts-software.sdp

next-server = 172.28.0.1

################################################################

############## VENDOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION (VSI) ##############

################################################################

# VSI options for all MAC addresses can be specified here

#omlipaddr = 172.28.0.30

# default omlipport is 3002 for IPA SW BTS builds, may as well has this default.

omlipport = 3002

################################################################

############## MAC SPECIFIC (VSI) ##############

################################################################

# MAC-specific options can be included too - these override the above defaults

# e.g.

# 00:02:95:ff:ff:01 ipaddr=172.28.3.1 lease-time=-1 omlipaddr=172.28.2.42

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# you can specify any of the following options per MAC address line:

# ipaddr=

# subnet=

# router=

# lease-time=3600

# filename=

# next-server=

# omlipaddr = 172.28.0.30

# omlipport = 3002

# 2ndomlipaddr = 172.28.0.30

# 2ndomlipport = 3006

# location = "On my desk"

# btsid = 42

# trxid = 0

# NOTE that MAC addresses are case sensitive and should be in lower case.

00:02:95:00:00:0a ipaddr=172.28.6.10 btsid=1 location=”room 1”

00:02:95:00:00:03 ipaddr=172.28.6.3 btsid=2a location="room 2 west wall"

00:02:95:00:00:04 ipaddr=172.28.6.4 btsid=2b location="room 2 east wall"

00:02:95:00:00:05 ipaddr=172.28.6.5 btsid=3 location=”reception”

Update the file to reflect the settings specified in the site configuration plan. The

DHCP server uses this file, to pass all of the configuration information, including the

IP address to the nanoBTS, and then stores the IP address as a fixed address.

Note: If no software is to be downloaded to the nanoBTS, the [filename] field should

be left blank.

Step 2. Connecting the nanoBTS

Connect all the RJ45s to the switch.

Start the DHCP server and the TFTP server by running

C:\ipaccess\tools\windhcpd\windhcpd.exe (or use the desktop icon). The following

screens are displayed when the servers are running and no further intervention is

required, as the servers will automatically respond to requests from the nanoBTS.

Figure 8 DHCPD server

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Figure 9 TFTP server

Step 3. Setting IP addresses and downloading software

The DHCP server automatically responds to the nanoBTS broadcast with the relevant

IP configuration.

If a .sdp filename has been specified in the “com.ipaccess.nanoBTS.v1”

configuration file, then the software will download from the TFTP server to the

nanoBTS. Check against the IP address in the TFTP server window that the .sdp file

has been downloaded and that no error / fail message is displayed.

Figure 10 TFTP server window when active

Setting the frequency of nanoBTS oscillator

The frequency of the nanoBTS is referenced to a crystal oscillator that has to be

accurately calibrated to 26MHz ± 20ppb. The frequency can be adjusted using either of

two methods:

a) Calibration by synchronisation to other GSM base stations transmitting locally. This is

the preferred method, as described below.

b) Using a frequency counter and manually adjusting the frequency. This is an alternative

method that can be used at the BTS site as described in Appendix 2)

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Note: The following steps 4, 5, 6 and 7 should be done on one nanoBTS and then repeated on

each remaining nanoBTS in turn.

Step 4. Calibration of nanoBTS using frequency synchronisation

Start the nanoInstaller and open a session to the nanoBTS by entering the IP address of

the nanoBTS for which the calibration is to be performed.

Figure 11 nanoInstaller opening screen

Figure 12 BTS Session

Wait until the mode and BTS status boxes indicate idle.

Once the connection is established, select the frequency band from the tool

bar.

Select, on the, Frequency Synchronisation Test icon .

Select the NWL Properties ( ) icon and then select the ARFCN Lists tab and check

that no lists are selected.

Select the RXLEV Threshold tab and set (tick) “Apply a Threshold”.

Set the threshold to 1 to ensure a sufficiently strong signal is used for calibration.

Note: Prior to calibration, the unit must be powered up for a minimum of 60

minutes, to ensure frequency stability.

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Figure 13 RXLEV Threshold

Select the Freq Sync Options tab and apply Frequency Sync Options.

Set drop menus to: “Report a single frequency error” and “Adjust the clock to correct the

reported errors”

Figure 14 Freq Sync Options

Click “OK and Start Test” button. Perform Test ACK is reported in the message pane.

On completion of the test, the average frequency error following adjustment will be

displayed.

Step 5. Check macro network channel usage

This test is designed to check for possible interferers with the nanoBTS

Click Channel Usage icon followed by the properties ( ) icon and then select the

ARFCN Lists tab and check that no lists are selected.

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The RXLEV threshold should not be applied.

Click OK and start test or select NWL Start ( ) from the menu bar.

Figure 15 NWL Test Results

At the end of the test the bar chart shows the received level of signals, as shown in

Figure 15.

The received levels can also be seen in a list view by clicking on the “List View” Icon

().

The maximum acceptable level for any interference is -95dBm and any signal above

this and on a channel close to that planned for the nanoBTS should be investigated.

Export results to file by selecting ‘File’ ‘Export To File’ and save the file as the default

file name, which will be a combination of the units IP address and the test name to a

pre-determined directory.

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Step 6. BCCH Channel Usage Test

This test is designed to identify GSM BCCH signals, which can be interrogated later during

the BCCH Information Test.

Select BCCH Channel Usage icon .

Select the Properties ( ) icon and then select the ARFCN Lists tab and check that

the Apply a White List and Apply a Black List boxes are unchecked.

Click OK and start test or select BCCH Channel Usage Test Start ( ) from the

menu bar. Wait for the test to complete.

Step 7. Retrieve BCCH frequency information

This test measures the receive levels from neighbouring cells in order that the network

operator can effectively plan for handovers. Within the building the handovers will be

designed to pass to other nanoBTS but from the entrance of the building handovers may

be passed to the macro network as the caller moves away from the building.

Select BCCH Information icon and open the Network Listen BCCH information

screen, using the Properties ( ) icon. Select the RXLEV Threshold tab and set

threshold to 1.

Select the BCCH Info Type tab and check the boxes as shown below.

Click OK and Start test.

Figure 16 BCCH Information Properties

Frequencies selected as a result of the channel usage test are plotted. Placing the

cursor over the frequency plot displays 'Info' summary.

When the test has completed, export the results to a file by selecting ‘File’ ‘Export To

File’ and save the file as the default file name, which will be a combination of the units

IP address and the test name, in a pre-determined directory.

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Figure 17 BCCH Information Test Results

Repeat tests 4, 5, 6 and 7 for each nanoBTS.

Step 8. Measuring path loss between nanoBTS

This test is designed to measure path loss between pairs of BTS sites so that the TX

power can be adjusted to achieve required coverage (typically 95%).

In this step each nanoBTS is selected in turn to transmit and the signal is measured on all

other nanoBTS in the building. The information from each test will be entered into a matrix

on the installation report, as shown below.

nTRX a

nTRX b

nTRX c

nTRX a

nTRX b

nTRX c

Extend matrix to

cover all nanoTRX

Record path loss

for each

basestation pair

Table 1 Path Loss Matrix

If a connection is not already established to each nanoBTS, in the installation, open a

BTS session by selecting File, OpenBTS session (or Ctrl +O).

Enter the IP address of a nanoBTS and click OK

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Figure 18 BTS Session

Select the window for the nanoBTS to be used as the beacon

Select Transmit Beacon from the side menu (when set as a beacon the cell is active

but barred).

Click NWL Properties ( ) and check the Perform the tests until stopped box

Figure 19 Transmit Beacon Properties: NWL options

On the Beacon Information tab and enter one ARFCN from the site configuration plan.

Set the BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) from the site configuration plan and

Set the Absolute Power to the maximum power allowed, specified in the site configuration

plan.

Figure 20 Transmit Beacon Properties: Beacon Information

Click the OK and Start Test button

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Figure 21 NWL Transmit Beacon

Select the Channel Usage ( ) icon from the side menu.

Click NWL Properties ( ) and select the ARFCN list tab and select the channel being

used by the beacon from the white list (only one should be set).

Figure 22 NWL Channel Usage Properties

Click OK

For each nanoBTS, except the one that is determined to be the beacon;

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Select the Channel Usage ( ) icon from the side menu and then Test Start ( )

from the main menu bar.

Figure 23 NWL Channel Usage measurement

From the displayed bar chart note the reading. In the example above the value shown

is –65dbm

Calculate the path loss by subtracting the RX level from the TX level

i.e. [=23dBm TX] – [-65dBm RX] = 88dB path loss.

Record the path losses in the path loss matrix spreadsheet contained within the

installation report.

Calculate and record the transmit power level for each nanoBTS so that the received

power level, detected by at least two neighbouring BTS shall typically be -85dBm and

will be specified in the "Site Configuration Plan"

Select the window for the beacon nanoBTS, and click on the NWL stop ( ) icon.

Repeat the test for each nanoBTS in turn; by setting each into transmit beacon test

and measuring the path loss between it and each other nanoBTS to complete the

matrix.

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Step 9. Walk Test

This test is performed to fine adjust the nanoBTS(s) as agreed to give a suitable service

meeting the coverage levels specified in the site configuration plan.

Set each nanoBTS into beacon test mode on its allocated ARFCN and power level as

calculated in the previous step. (See Step 8)

Using a test mobile or other GSM measuring device, walk through the installation site

looking for areas where service is below the threshold specified in the site

configuration plan, recording black spots.

Individual BTS power levels may be adjusted to minimise areas of poor network

performance.

Record all locations that are subject to poor reception.

Step 10. Installation Report

Compile an installation report for the network operator to enable them to set their BTS

neighbours, cell list, power levels and handover thresholds to optimise the network.

The report should contain: -

• BCCH information

• Channel usage

• Path loss matrix

• Walk test results

• Completed site configuration plan

This completes the installation and configuration of the nanoBTS site.

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Regulatory Compliance

The nanoBTS conforms to the following regulatory standards.

Type Approvals

• FCC Rule 47 Parts 2, 15, 24

Safety Certifications

• UL 60950 3rd Edition

NOTE: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance

may void the user's authority to operate this equipment.

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Appendix 1: Modifying nanoBTS for use with external antenna

Remove Plastic cover.

Remove the top and bottom plates from both ends of the nanoBTS. Lever gently apart with

screwdriver in notch.

Antenna Cover

Top

Antenna Cover

Bottom

Notch to aid

removal of

cover

Antenna Cover

Body

Figure 24 Removal of antenna covers

Remove the antenna cover body, by unscrewing the two Torx T20 screws retaining

Remove Torx Screws

Figure 25 Removal of antenna cover body

Fit the replacement antenna cover body ensuring that the feeder cable connector fits into

the antenna. Note that one cover only fits the receiver whilst the other fits the transmitter.

Fit the clamp as shown below and second Torx screw, then replace top and bottom covers.

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Clamp plate

Figure 26 Fit clamp plate

Repeat the process for the other end of nanoBTS

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Appendix 2: Alternative method to set frequency of nanoBTS

oscillator

Start the nanoInstaller. Select from menu File, Open BTS Session

Figure 27 NanoInstaller Opening Screen

Enter the IP address of the nanoBTS that is to be calibrated.

Figure 28 BTS Session

Click OK and wait until the Mode and BTS State boxes indicate idle.

Once the connection is established, select the frequency band from the tool bar.

Note: The nanoBTS should be powered on for at least 60 minutes before

performing the frequency calibration procedure, in order to allow the oscillator to

reach its normal operating temperature

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Figure 29 nanoInstaller after connection to the nanoBTS

From the menu select Tools/ Get NV attributes and check the Frequency Control box.

Figure 30 Get NV Attributes

Click the Get NV Attributes button. When View button alongside is enabled, click on it and

the value will be displayed.

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From the menu select Tools/ Set NV attributes and check the Frequency Control box.

Connect a frequency counter to the TIB out port on the nanoBTS

Figure 31 Set NV Attributes

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Click the Set NV Attributes button.

Click the configure button alongside frequency control and adjust the frequency control

value until the measured frequency is 26MHz± 20ppb.

Adjustment of the 26MHz is typically in the order of 1.5Hz per 100 DAC steps.

Figure 32 Frequency Control

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Appendix 3: Commissioning at the nanoBTS

If commissioning is to be done mostly at the nanoBTS instead of connecting the PC to

LAN in switch room (step 2) the laptop PC should be set up at the nanoBTS as shown the

diagram below using the power over Ethernet adapter to connect the PC onto the LAN

(the adapter applies the 48V DC to the nanoBTS). Connect a crossed RJ45 lead from the

adapter to the Ethernet connector on the nanoBTS.

Power Over

Ethernet

Adapter

nanoTRX

nano Installer

Laptop PC equipped with

nano Installer, Windhcpd

and TFTP software

Figure 33 Test Setup, Option 1

Page

Step 1. Setting up PC for configuring nanoBTS ..................................................................15

Steps 2 to 7 performed at the nanoBTS

Step 2. Connecting the nanoBTS........................................................................................16

Step 3. Setting IP address and downloading operational software .....................................17

Step 4. Calibration of nanoBTS using frequency synchronisation.......................................18

Step 5. Check macro network channel usage.....................................................................19

Step 6. BCCH Channel Usage Test ....................................................................................21

Step 7. Retrieve BCCH frequency information....................................................................21

Disconnect installation PC and connect to RJ45 Ethernet

Step 8 performed at the BSC / Switch room

Step 8. Measuring path loss between nanoBTS .................................................................22

Steps 9 and 10 performed in building

Step 9. Walk Test................................................................................................................26

Step 10. Installation Report ...................................................................................................26

nanoBTS

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Appendix 4: Commissioning mostly at the NOC

Steps 1 to 3 performed at the nanoBTS Page

Step 1. Setting up PC for configuring nanoBTS ..................................................................15

Step 2. Connecting the nanoBTS........................................................................................16

Step 3. Setting IP address and downloading operational software .....................................17

Steps 4 to 8 performed at the NOC

Step 4. Calibration of nanoBTS using frequency synchronisation.......................................18

Step 5. Check macro network channel usage.....................................................................19

Step 6. BCCH Channel Usage Test ....................................................................................21

Step 7. Retrieve BCCH frequency information.................................................................. 21

Step 8. Measuring path loss between nanoBTS .................................................................22

Steps 9 and 10 performed in building

Step 9. Walk Test................................................................................................................26

Step 10. Installation Report ...................................................................................................26

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Appendix 5 Troubleshooting

Checking that the nanoBTS has successfully downloaded an IP

address

Start the program 'Bts Finder' select the IP address and MAC address boxes and

click the Find BTS button.

Figure 34 Bts Finder Opening Screen

Check that the IP address and MAC address are as required.

Figure 35 Find BTS Results

Resetting the nanoBTS to factory default settings.

1. Remove the connecting cable providing power to the nanoBTS.

2. Insert the dongle into the "TIB IN" port.

3. Power ON the unit by reconnecting the Ethernet cable to the nanoBTS.

4. Wait until the LED shows fast blinking red (0.3 seconds on and 0.1 seconds off)

5. Remove the dongle.

6. Reboot the unit by removing the Ethernet power cable, waiting 10 seconds and then

reconnect the Ethernet cable.

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Communication Problems

No LEDs

Check that the BTS is connected to the Ethernet cable

and ensure it is plugged in fully into the Ethernet

socket.

Check that the Ethernet cable is plugged into a power

supply.

Check that the Ethernet is plugged into the correct

socket on the power supply (BTS).

LED’s have been disabled using nanoInstaller

Does the BTS have Power?

Check that the power supply is connected to the

mains and powered up.

LED is on but is flashing orange (1sec on, 1sec off)

Check the Ethernet cable between power supply unit

and installation PC.

Check that the cable between PC and Power supply

unit is crossed, if connecting directly to the nanoBTS

Check that the Ethernet is connected to a correct

(Live) socket on the hub.

The unit is powered up but

does it have proper

connection to the installation

PC.

Check that the DHCP server is running on installation

No communication between the nanoInstaller and the BTS

Check that nanoInstaller is not set to look at the wrong

IP address or port number

Check that the Ethernet cable is connected between

the installation PC and the BTS via the power supply

box.

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Clock Adjustment Problems

No 26MHz clock during Frequency adjustment

Clock adjustment cable not plugged into TIB-OUT

socket on BTS.

Unsettled 26MHz during frequency adjustment

Has the BTS been powered up long enough to warm

up? Warm up time is normally less than 60 minutes

but can sometimes take over one hour if the unit has

been stored in a cold environment before power up.

Problems During Beacon Test

No signal seen on other nanoBTS during beacon test

The nanoBTS is not enabled to transmit a beacon

The power level of the beacon BTs is set too low.

Select a higher power level.

A white list has been applied which does not include

the beacon channel

If using the external antenna, ensure that the cable

connections are in place.

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Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

10 Base-T Basic Ethernet at 10 Mbit/sec

100 Base-T Ethernet running at 100 Mbit/sec

ACH Access Channel

ACK Acknowledgement signal

ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

BCH Broadcast Channel. A channel transmitted by one (e.g. BS) and received by

many (e.g. MS)

BER Bit Error Rate

BSC Base Station Controller. The 'brains' of a base station subsystem, controlling the

radio equipment in the BTS

BSS Base Station Subsystem (includes BTS and BSC)

BTS Base Transceiver System (radio portion of BS)

dB Decibel. 10 times the logarithm of the value in base 10

dBm Decibels referenced to one milliwatt

DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol. Allows automatic assignment of IP addresses on

a network

DL Downlink. Radio link from network 'down' to the terminal. Compare with UL

Ethernet Ȁ

ȀȀ

ȀA LAN protocol using collision detection to resolve access contentionȀ

ETSI European Telecommunications Specification Institute

FTP Ȁ

ȀȀ

ȀFile Transfer ProtocolȀ

Gateway MSC Ȁ

ȀȀ

ȀA MSC designed to receive wireless calls from the PSTNȀ

GSM Ȁ

ȀȀ

ȀGlobal System for Mobile CommunicationsȀ

Handoff Ȁ

ȀȀ

ȀThe process of a MS changing from one frequency in one cell or sector to a

different frequency in a neighbouring cell or sectorȀ

IP Internet Protocol

kbps Kilobits per second

LAN Local Area Network

LED Light Emitting Diode

MAC Medium Access Control (layer in a protocol stack)

MS Mobile Station (wireless phone)

MSC Mobile Switching Centre

NAK Negative Acknowledgement signal

nanoBSC ip.access term for a base station controller

nanoBTS ip.access term for a picocellular basestation

NL Neighbour List

NOC Network Operations Centre

NWL Network Listen Ip.access term for functionality of monitoring surrounding

basestations from the nanoBTS

OCXO Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator

OMC Operations and Maintenance Centre

PC Personal Computer

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network. A cellular or PCS network

Protocol A specification of the messages used to communicate over one or more

interfaces

PS Packet Switched

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

QoS Quality of Service. A list of measurable attributes such as bandwidth, delay and

jitter that should be met for a customer

RF Radio Frequency

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RJ45 Minature 8-position keyed data jack, providing electrical network connection for

data

RX Receiver

.sdp Software download packages

SysInfo System Information

TCP Transmission Control Protocol. A protocol that provides for reliable delivery of

messages over the Internet. See IP

TCP/IP TCP used over IP

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TRX Transceiver

TX Transmit

UL Uplink. Radio link in the direction ‘up’ to network. Compare with DL

VoIP Voice over IP

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