vents can improve your own cleaning operation. First, send the coupon or Reader Service Card for our new booklet on cleaning! FREON solvents.
A McGRAW-H ILL WEEKLY 75 CE NTS JANUARY 17, 1964 electronics. CHEMICAL LASER Pyrotechnic pumping cuts size and weight (photo below) HALL DEVICES: NEW CIRCUITS Three useful modulation schemes BEACON RECEIVER FOR LIGHT PLANES Solid-state design includes age ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: ~IL~<C'f~©INJD<C~ DINI D~~A~IL It's Easy To Make 0.1°/o Measurements with the Type 1608-A Impedance Bridge Outstanding features are plentiful in this instrument. Bas ic impedance accuracy is 0.1 %. High phase acc uracy permits measurement of D do wn t o 0.0005 or Q to 2000. C, R , L, and G parameters are indicated by an in-line digital presentation that includes automatic decimal-point locatio n a nd di splay of unit of measu rement - there are no multiplying factors to remember. Appropriate D a nd Q scales are indicated au tomatica ll y. A concentric coarse- a nd fine-balance contro l makes possible rapid bridge balancing. Provision is also made for external biasing of components under test as well as for use of externa l ge nerators and detectors at frequencies to 20 kc. In short, the 1608-A is the bridge that makes 0 . 1% impedance measurements easy. Six bridge circu its provide complete pha se coverage of the passive half of the imped a nce plane so that compone nts, transducers, niters , eq ua li zers, or other networks can be measured regardless of phase ang le. A I-kc oscillator and selective detector arc built into the instrument as we ll as three power s upplies which provide standa rd E IA test vo ltages for de resistance and conductance measurements over a wide range. SPECIFICATIONS Rang es: Re sistance: 0.05 m!l to 1.1 Mn in 7 ranges (ac or de) Conductance: 0.05 n ;; to lii in 7 ranges (ac or de) Capacitance: 0.05 pf to llOOµf in 7 ran ges (series o r parallel) I nductance: 0.05 µh to llOOh in 7 ran ges (series or paralle l ) a t 1 kc: D (series C): 0.0005 to 1 D (parallel C): 0.02 to 2 Q (series L) : 0.5 to 50 Q (parallel L) : 1 to 2000 Q (series R): 0.0005 to 1.2 Inductive Q (paral l e l G): 0.0005 to 1.2 Capacitive Accuracy (at 1 kc): ±0. 1% of r eading ±0.005% of full scale except on lowest Rand L ranges and highest G and C ranges where it is ± 0.2% of reading ± 0.005% of full sca le . D and l /Q accuracy are ± 0.0005 "' 5% at 1 kc for Land C; Q accuracy ±0.0005 "'2% for Rand G. At 10 kc, R. L, C accuracy is ±0.2%. Residu a l Terminal Impedance: R 1 m!!, C 0.25 pf, L 0.15 µh. Power Requirements: 105· 125 or 210-250 volts, 50-60 cycles. Type 1608-A Impedance Bridge, $1300 in U.S.A. Write for complete information Openings exist for permanent positions in Development and Sales Engineering. If interested, write M.A. Nacey. GENERAL RADIO COMPANY WEST CONCORD, MASSAC HU SET T S NEW YORK, H. Y.. 964-1711 CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA, 414 -7 419 WASHINGTON , D.C. (R 1d gef1e ld, N. J.) 943·3 !40 (Oak Park) 848·9400 (Abington) 887-8486 (Rock111lte, Md.) 9-iG-1600 SYRACUSE 45'1-9323 DALLAS FL 7-4031 SAN FRANCISCO ( Los Altos) 948 -8233 LOS ANGELES 469-620 l ORLANDO , FLA. CLEVELAND 425 -<167 I 886-0150 CIRCLE 900 ON READER SERVICE CARD LEWIS H. YOUNG, Editor Dial Direct: (971·2645) Area Code 212 I. M. CARROLL, Managing Editor (2293) SENIOR EDITORS Samuel Weber (2371) George W. Sideris (3444) SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITORS Michael F. Wolff (2600) John F. Mason (2666) ASSOCIATE EDITORS Michael F. Tomaino (2071) William P. O'Brien (2297) George J. Flynn (2188) George V. Novotny (3151) Leon H. Dulberger (3446) Alexander A. McKenzie (2685) ASSISTANT EDITORS Stephen B. Gray (2245) Barry A. Briskman (2306) Dan Smith (2467) Joel A. Strasser (2127) Vincent S. Acunto (2592) C. R. Whetstone (3495) Eric Valentine (2710) Louis S. Gomolak (2472) G. G. Tlrellis (2187) REGIONAL EDITORS Harold C. Hood, 1125 W. 6th St.. Los Angeles 90017, C11llf. (213·482-5450) Laurence D. Shergalis, John Hancock Bldg ., 255 California St., San Francisco 94111, Calif. (415-362-4600) Thomas Maguire McGraw-Hill Bldg ., 607 Boylston St., Boston 02116, Mass. (617-262-1160) Cletus M. Wiley, Blair Bldg., 645 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 60611, Ill. (312-664-5800) ART DIRECTOR Howard R. Berry (2430) ASSISTANT ART DIRECTOR John C. Wright, Jr. (3430) EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Lorraine Rossi, Virginia T. Bastian, Lynn Emery, Ann Mella, Lorraine Werner, Alice M. Moyer, Sharon Parks, Claire Benell, Kay Fontana, Sandra A. Le Mond, Mary Jo Jadin FOREIGN NEWS BUREAU DIRECTOR, John Wilhelm, (2532); Lawrence Mihlon (2997), Alyne Elias (2998) LONDON-John Shinn, Derek Barlow, Nicholas Landon, 34 Dover St., London W.l, England BONN-Richard Mikton, Silke McQueen, Mittelstrasse 39, Bad Godesberg, Germany BRUSSELS-Arthur Erikson . 27 Rue Ducarle, Brussels, Belgium PARIS-Robert Farrell, 17 Ave. Matignon, 3rd Fl., Paris 8, France MILAN-Bruce Bendow, Via Manzoni No. 12, Milan, Italy MEXICO CITY-Wesley Perry, Jr., lafragua 4-314, Mexico 1 D.F. Mexico RIO DE JANEIRO-Leslie Warren, Rua Mexico 3-S/ 1507 1509, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil MOSCOW-Donald Winston, Kutuzovsky Prospekt 19, Apt. 28·29, Moscow, USSR TOKYO-Richard Halloran, Charles Cohen, John Yamaguchi, Toranomon Sangyo Bldg ., 1 Kotohiracho Shiba, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan CIRCULATION MANAGER Hugh J. Quinn (2310) C. C. RANDOLPH, Publisher (2016) JANUARY 17, 1964 electr onics A McGRAW-HILL PUBLICATION 75 CENTS C~EMICALLY-PUMPED laser light has been produced at North American Aviation by exploding a small capsule filled with pyrotechnic powder; laser output was in the 5,000 to 9,000-angstrom band. A 40-pound chemical laser could produce output equivalent to that of a 1,000-lb conventional laser. Present research concentrates on learning to trigger lasers without damaging them by shock waves. See p 48 COVER U.S.-USSR SPACE TESTS. Next week's scheduled launch of the Echo II passive communications satellite will set the stage for American-Russian cooperation in space experiments. British facilties will relay our signals to the Russians 10 SCR'S PULSE RADAR. Semiconductor-magnetic circuits gen- erate fast, high-power pulses. Uses in radar, sonar and lasers are being explored. Pulse is built up in capacitors, so low-voltage unregulated supply may be used 14 ELECTRONICS IN ISRAEL. A first-hand portrait of a nation at the threshold of developing its own diversified electronics in- dustry. Its assets include a large number of competent sci- entists, engineers and technicians, excellent test apparatus and a heritage of high interest in research and development. Prod- ucts will encompass computers, instruments and equipment for the armed services. By W. W. MacDonald, Consultant 23 NEW USES FOR HALL DEVICES. These Hall-effect modulators consist of a rectangular indium arsenide element cemented to a ferrite disk. Three applications are modulating a 1-Mc carrier with a 400-cps tone , producing bursts of audio-frequency signals and generating bursts in which the prf is higher than the audio frequency. The last circuit can detect low-frequency magnetic fields. By A. R . Hilbinger, Aircraft Armaments, Inc. 30 MARKER-BEACON RECEIVER. Designed for use on light aircraft, this receiver uses silicon planar diffused transistors and is compact in its layout. Design features include crystal-controlled local oscillator, narrow-band r-f filter to reject tv channel 5 and mismatched transistors to eliminate neutralization problems. Variable emitter feedback provides age without unwanted changes in input and output impedances. By J. G. Robertson, Univ. of Washington 33 Contents continued electronics January 17, 1964 Vol. 37, No. 3 Published weekly, with Electronics Buyers' Guide as part of the sub· scription, by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Founder: James H. McGraw (1860· 1948). SUBSCRIPTIONS: Available only by paid subscription. Publisher re· serves the right to refuse non· qualified subscriptions. Subscrip· tions to Electronics solicited only from those actively engaged in the field of the pubI1cation. Position and company connection must be indicated on subscription orders forwarded to address shown be· low. Subscription rates for indi· viduals in the field of the publica· tion: U. S. and possessions and Canada $6 one year, $9 two years, $12 three years (single copies 75¢). All other countries $20 one year (single copies $1.50). EXECUTIVE, EDITORIAL, CIRCU· LATION and ADVERTISING OF· FICES: McGraw-Hill Building, 330 West 42nd Street, New York, N. Y., 10036. Telephone Area Code 212. 971·3333. Teletype TWX N. Y. 212· 640-4646. Cable McGrawhill, N. Y. Printed in Albany, N. Y. Second class postage paid at Albany, N. Y. Title reg. ® in U. S. Patent Office. Copyright © 1964 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The con· tents of this publication may not be reproduced either in whole or in part without consent of copy· right owner. OFFICERS OF McGRAW·HILL PUB· LICATIONS: Shelton Fisher, Presi· dent; Vice Presidents: Joseph H. Allen, Operations; John R. Calla· ham, Editorial; Ervin E. DeGraff, Circulation; Donald C. McGraw, Jr., Advertising Sales; Angelo R. Venezian, Marketing. CORPORATION OFFICERS: Donald C. McGraw, President; L. Keith Goodrich, Hugh J. Kelly, Harry L. Waddell, Executive Vice Presi· dents; John J. Cooke, Vice Presi· dent and Secretary; John L. Mc· Graw, Treasurer. UNCONDITIONAL GUARANTEE: The publisher, upon written re· quest, agrees to refund the part of the subscription price applying to the remaining unfilled portion of the subscription if service is unsatisfactory. SUBSCRIBERS: Please address all correspondence regarding sub· scriptions, change of address no· t ices, and subscription orders to Fulfillment Manager, Electronics, P. 0 . Box 430 Hightstown, N. J., 08520. Change of address notices should be sent promptly; provide old as well as new address; in· elude zip code or postal zone number if any. If possible. attach address label from recent issue. Please allow one month for change of address to become effective. POSTMASTER: Please send Form 3579 to Fulfillment Manager, Elec· tronics, P. O. Box 430, Hightstown, N. J., 08520. Audit Bureau ot Circulation ·-. Associated Business Publications Contents continued REFERENCE SHEET: TEMPERATURE RISE IN WAVE· GUIDE. Power lost due to attenuation generates heat in rigid waveguide structures. This graph plots average power in watts against temperature rise above ambient for various waveguide sizes and materials. By T. J. Vaughan, Antenna System, Inc. 36 RELIABILITY OUTLOOK. Military plans to use quantitative criteria in reliability specs, is also figuring out cost criteria. More importance is being given reliability in consumer products, as management warms up to reliability concepts 39 ARPAT'S NEW RADAR. Pencil-beam, 10-Mw-peak radar is ready to start gathering missile reentry data for terminal defense studies. It may be used for countermeasures experiments, too 44 BRITISH POLARIS. England selects the company to manage navigation systems for its four Polaris submarines. Subcontrac- tors are to be chosen from British and American firms 45 DEPARTMENTS Crosstalk. Industry Must Help Itself S Comment. Standards. Air Surveillance 6 Electronics Newsletter 17 Meetings Ahead. Precision Electromagnetic Measure- ments Conference 18 Washington This Week. New Procurement Rules to Define Adequate Price Competition 20 Research and Development. New Laser Chemically Pumped 48 Components and Materials. Standards Proposed for Microcircuit Flatpacks 52 Production Techniques. Welder Bonds Smaller Leads 56 New Products. System Increases Digital Rate 60 Literature of the Week 65 People and Plants. IBM Promotes Two Executives 66 Index to Advertisers 70 2 January 17, 1964 electronics Now lrom Spraguel ® SILICON PLANAR EPITAXIAL TRANSISTORS 2N2217 thru 2N2222 T0-5 (Po=.SW) 2N2217 2N2218 2N2219 T0-18 (Po=.SW) 2N2220 2N2221 2N2222 BVcso 60 V (min.) 60 V (min.) 60 V (min.) lcso ® SOV lOnA(max.) lOnA(max.) lOnA(max.) hFe @ lc=150 mA 20-60 40-120 100-300 VcE(SAT) ® le =150 mA ·4 V(max.) .4 VCmax.) .4 V(max.) Cob ® lOV 8pF 8pF 8pF f @ VcE=20V T lc=20mA 400mc(typ.) 400mc(typ.) 400mc(typ.) Sprague N-P-N SEPT8 Transistors are designed for optimum emitter perimeter-to-area ratio, providing out.. standing gain uniformity from 0.1 mA to 500 mA and fr (typ.) of 400 me. Sprague epitaxial techniques guar.. antee high BVcEO (30V) and low Vee (SAT) (.24 V ® 150 mA). SEPT· TRANSISTORS FILL A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICA· TIONS AS SWITCHES, CORE DRIVERS, AND AMPLIFIERS! For application engineering assistance, write to Transistor Division, Sprague Electric Co., Concord, N. H. For technical data, write for Engineering Bulletins 32,000, 32,005 and 32,010A to Technical Literature Service, Sprague Electric Co., 35 Marshall St., North Adams, Mass. SPRAGUE COMPONENTS TRANSISTORS CAPACITORS RESISTORS MICROCIRCUITS INTERFERENCE FILTERS PULSE TRANSFORMERS PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS PUL SE-FORMING NETWORKS TOROIDAL INDUCTORS ELECTRIC WAVE FILTERS CERAMIC· BASE PRINTED NETWORKS PACKAGED COMPONENT ASSEMBLIES BOBBIN and TAPE WOUND MAGNETIC CORES SILICON RECTIFIER GATE CONTROLS FUNCTIONAL DIGITAL CIRCUITS SPRAGUE® THE MARK OF RELIABILITY 'Sprague' and'@' are reeislered trademarks of the Sprague Electric C~ AST·1 90·8S electronics January 17, 1964 CIRCLE 3 ON READER SERVICE CARD 3 SIX DIGITS! RANGE IV 10¥ ... 1001 + 100.ov UT-1'1 llT+IY CAL - 1£tt0 CA\.+ · ·· ·· CIJUO ,. FUNCTION SAMPLE PE RIOO SAllPLING RATE .... ~· AUTO ( EXT -IEl r·co - .UTUI I C£C l $(( .01 tftC ( ......") STOP STAU 011 (ll Jfl > C!IECJ '10 P A new sixth digit is available on the world's first and finest integrating digital voltmeter, the DY-2401 B ... and here's what it gives you: New convenience in taking advantage of the voltmeter's 3000/o overranging capability on the 100 millivolt, 1, 10 and 100 volt ranges. For example, you don't have to measure 3 volts on the 10 volt range, thereby losing a full decade of resolution. Measure it on the 1 volt range, taking advantage of the overranging feature. The sixth digit tells you the most significant figure. Additionally, an optional autoranging feature is available with the 2401 B, for your maximum measuring convenience and speed (only 34 milliseconds maximum range-change time). The DY-2401 B offers a broader measuring ~apability than any other digital voltmeter available. Guarded input and integrating operation permit measuring low level signals ... even in the presence of high common mode to display full 300°/o overranging of the Dymec Integrating Digital Voltmeter and superimposed noise. Flip a switch and the voltmeter becomes a 300 kc frequency counter. All functions are programmable by contact closures to ground; BCD output is standard. Accessory instruments include the DY-2411 A Guarded Data Amplifier, which adds a 10 mv full scale range (again, with 3000/o overranging) . The DY-24108 AC/Ohms Converter provides floated and guarded, broadband ac voltage and resistance measurements. Ask your Dymec/Hewlett-Packard field engineer for a demonstration of the 2401 B, now available with these new options: automatic ranging with or without the sixth digit, or the sixth digit with standard manual ranging. DY-2401 B $3950 DY-24108 $2250 DY-2411A $1150 Data subject to change without notice. Prices f.o.b. factory, D Y/IAEC A DIVISION OF HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY DEPT. E· l, 395 PAGE MILL ROAD, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA · PHONE (415) 326-1755 TWX 415 -492 -9363 eg 4 CIRCLE 4 ON READER SERVICE CARD January 17, 1964 electronics ---------------CROSSTALK-- Industry Must Help Itself BOTH the Administration and the Congress are seeking ways to cushion the effect upon the economy of cutbacks in military spending. Since the drive to cut military spending is of prime concern to the electronics industry in particular, the industry should join in a con- certed effort to direct government studies into proposals that show practical promise of accelerating nonmilitary electronics market growth. Initially, the only firm plan the Admin- istration appears to have is what the Penta- gon calls its "early warning system" giving advance notice to contractors when specific cuts are planned so that companies, or regions dependent on programs, can take steps to prepare for alternate work. Under our free-enterprise system, industry can- not expect a customer to do much more than that. The government, however, is more than a customer. It is also committed to keeping the economy buoyant and growing. There- fore, it is reasonable to assume that the government will favor ways to take up slack and move ahead in a more positive fashion than merely telling industry to seek new customers. Congress is talking about broadening government support of nonmilitary research. This holds promise for electronics market development, particularly if the projects undertaken fill a positive public VITAL STU D IES CENTER at Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research seeks to optimize medical treatment with the aid of computers and electronic analysis equipment need (Crosstalk, p 5, Dec. 27, 1963). Our industry can aid this effort toward heavily in medical, educational and high- positive programs by defining and backing way programs. Industry task forces that worthwhile projects and doing some honest, undertake to investigate how associated forceful lobbying in their behalf. For ex- problems can be overcome more effectively ample, much has been said about the pros- should be welcomed by a cost-conscious pective benefits from greater use of elec- Congress and Administration. tronics in medicine, highway-traffic control There is nothing radical in this sugges- and education. In each of these fields, tion. Industry-government cooperation led shortages of personnel or facilities, or to development of the existing air-traffic both, exist. Yet the acceptance of new control system, established standards for techniques and equipment in these fields color television and other broadcast serv- seems to lag well behind the capabilities ices, fostered industrial and medical appli- of electronics. cations for radioisotopes, and helped pave The government is already investing the way for other electronics markets. electronics January 17, 1964 5 -----COMMENT----- The versatile Jerrold Model 900-8 Sweep Signal Generator now extends its useful frequency range all the way up to 2,000 me, with sweep widths ranging from 10 kc to 800 me. A diode frequency doubler, priced at only $150, increases the usefulness of the 900-8 without the need for plug-ins. Frequency Doubler Specifications Input Frequency .... 500-1000 me Output Frequency ... 1000-2000 me Conversion loss at 1 volt RMS . . . ..... less than 12 db Output component, other than harmonic of input ......·.. . 20 db or more below Maximum Input ..... 1 volt RMS Connectors . .· . ..... 50 ohm , BNC The diode frequency doubler can also be used with the economical Jerrold 900 -A Sweep Generator. Model 900-B ... . .. . ·. .· ... $1,980 Model 900-A . . . ·... .. . . ... $1,260 Frequency Doubler ... .. . .. $ 150 Write for complete technical data. Jerrold Electronics Corporation, 15th & Lehigh Ave., Philadelphia 32, Pa. JEHHDlD ELECTRONICS A subsidiary of THE JERROLD CORPORATION 6 CIRCLE 6 ON READER SERVICE CARD STANDARDS Your recent editorial, Standard Standards (p 5, D ec. 20, 1963), elicits from us the following: I. The calorie should be junked completely. We should use only one unit for energy (the joule)-whether it be electrical, thermal , mechanical or chemical. The electron-volt might be justified on a very restricted basis. 2. The Kelvin temperature scale should be adopted rather than the Celsius. The former must be used in all calculations involving radiant heat transfer, all thermodynamic calculations, and all solid work. The latter finds no field in which it enjoys any particular advantage over the Kelvin scale. 3. The candelas and lamberts and associated units should all be junked. The watt / meter" is entirely adequate. There is no need for illumination engineers to set up a language of their own . 4. The r / min and r/ hr shou ld be junked. The second should be our only unit for time. The use of a single unit for time will remove confusion and incessant bother with conversion factors. R . o: WHITAKER Rowco Engineering Company Jndi anapolis, Indiana AIR SURVEILLANCE In your excellent piece on surveillance, Army Wants Surveillance, Armament Gear for Air Arm (p I0, Nov. 29, 1963) , you noted that "photographs . . . still present difficulties" in aerial reconnaissance data transmission. You may be interested to know that we have overcome these difficulties and have recently delivered two operational photo reconnaissance systems (Photoscan) to the Navy at the Naval Air Development Center at Johnsville, Pennsylva ni a. The equipment features the CBS Laboratories Reconotron III scanner a nd line-scan tube, and has a resolution in excess of 40 lines per millimeter. JOSEF C. DINE CBS Laboratories Stamford, Connecticut ELECTRONICS MARKETS In your totals for industrial electronics in the market report you published (p 37, Jan. 3) , the total doesn't equal the sum of its parts in the figures on p 56. For 1967, you estimate the industrial electronics market to be $6,592 million. When I add up the categories included in industrial electronics, I get $6, 133 million. Did you leave out a category, or is the total wrong? HAROLD L. RAIZER New York, New York The total for industrial electron ics in your market report appears as $6,592 million on p 56, and as $6.150 billion on p 54, both on the fold-out. Which is correct? FRANK RIZZO Tusca loosa, Alabama · We erred. The total for industrial electronics for 1967 is wrong and should be $6, 133 million. This wo uld bring our electronics industry total for 1967 to $21.0 12 billion. GATED PULSES Thank you for your excellent presentation of my ma nuscri pt, Gates Pulses Yield Selected Frequency Outputs (p 38, Dec. 20, I963) . For the record , here are three corrections for the artic le: On p 40, just before Eq. l , the denominator of the last expression should be = 1/ T( l +T l ~T). Equation 2 on p 40 should be T 4Naq, ... I V c. Jn Fig. IA , p 38, AND ga te 2 shou ld have two inputs. J. H . FIRESTONE General Time Corporation Stamford, Connecticut January 17, 1964 electronics 340°C MAX HOTSPOT OPERATION ... WIRE-WOUND CERAMIC AND METAL CONSTRUCTION It's sheer magic in miniaturization! Now you can boost power levels in your equipment without increasing ·size ··. improve the reliability ... obtain the advantages of Oh mite power rheostats ·.. all at a power level previously covered only by low power, low temperature potentiometers. Model C is the first, truly miniature, power rheostat on the scene. And because it employs Ohmite's famous principles of rheostat construction, the Model C will dissipate an amazing 7.5 watts at 40°C ambient (on metal panel). Like its big brothers, the resistance element of the Model C is wound on a ceramic ring, coated with vitreous enamel, and bonded to a ceramic base. Then, in addition, it is completely enclosed and insulated in a corrosion-resistant metal case. For standard units, tolerance is ± 103; rotation, 300°± 5°; resistances, up to 5000 ohms; weight, 0.265 ounce (7.5 grams); terminals, spade type with holes or pin-type for plug-in use or push-on connectors; shafts, slotted with standard or locking bushing. RHEOSTAT WITH PIN·TYPE TERMINALS ·PLUG.S INTO TRANSISTOR SOCKET OR TERMINAL BOARD WRITE NOW FOR BULLETIN 203 RHEOSTATS · POWER RESISTORS · PRECISION RESISTORS · VARIABLE TRANSFORMERS TANTALUM CAPACITORS ·TAP SWITCHES· RELAYS· R.F.CHOKES ·SEMICONDUCTOR OlODES OH MITE MANUFACTURING COMPANY 3610 Howard Street, Skokie, llllnols 60076 Phone: (312) ORchard 5-2600 electronics January 17, 1964 CIRCLE 7 ON READER SERVICE CARD 7 ll!lhut111J11~111 111rnnl·11li111h·1h1 11l11 11!1111h il1111l1111h:iffi · 11\w~1111/mq.1.1 ..1.,1.1.1.1.11,l,.~1 J 111111:)'111 111 · 11 1111111i 1 n1 111 1 High-efficiency radiation shielding P .R. MALLO RY & CO. I N C., INDIANAPO LIS 6, INDIANA New aluminum electrolytic has high reliability at moderate cost Isotope container made of Ma llory 1000. Mallory makes a line ofhigh density materials which have excellent radiation shielding characteristics. You may find them just what you require in designs for nuclear instruments, compact reactors or isotope containers. These materials are powder metallurgy products based on tungsten. Mallory 1000 has about 70 3 the tenth-layer thickness of lead, and is about twice as strong as low carbon steel. Its density is about 17 gm/cc. Even better shielding is possible with Mallory 2000 (density 18.0 gm/cc) and Mallory 2960A (density 18.5 gm/cc). And we have even newer experimental materials with densities of 19 gm/cc, approaching that of pure tungsten. Where both neutmn and gamma shielding are needed, we can introduce boron-10 into the base material. Technical data and consultation are available on request. CIRCLE 240 ON RE AD ER SERVI CE CARD Next time you need extra capacitor reliability without premium price, take a look at the Mallory Type TPG. It's a new kind of aluminum electrolytic, with exceptional stability and life expectancy. On tests that have run several thousand hours, the TPG shows retention of initial values of capacitance, DC leakage and equivalent series re- sistance that you may not have thought possible in a compactsized aluminum tubular unit. We c:i !E ;.: 60 t::: 55 ~ 50 ~ z 0 ~a:: 6 / :~ 5 ~~ 4 s~ 3 ~ 2 l ~ ; 1 g 0 CAPACITANCE % OISSIPATION FACTOR - TYPICAL PERFORMANCE TYPE TPG 40 MF0/ 60 voe OCL-MICROAMPS 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 HOURS AT 85 C Snap-in mounting for Printed Circuit Controls For use in printed circuits, Mallory can supply standard types of carbon volume controls with a special j l 1 -l mounting bracket which greatly simplifies production line handling. The bracket has spring tabs pointing away from the front of the control. You simply press the tabs through the slots in the circuit board. The control locks in place. No need for twisting tabs. The spring tabs hold the control in correct position for soldering. You can tilt the board, turn it over if you wish, without altering positioning of the control. CIRCLE 241 ON RE A DER SE RV ICE CA RD 8 have run over a million piece-hours of certification testing with only one electrical failure. (Test conditions-rated voltage and 85°C.) The TPG has all-welded construction. The positive lead tab is both mechanically locked and welded, to give double assurance of lead strength. Temperature rating is -40 to +85°C. Values range from 20 mfd., 150 volts to 450 mfd., 3 volts. Size: %" diameter by l:l-16" to 1 % " long. Evaluate this new capacitor in circuits where you may have been planning to use tantalum. You may be able to make real economies. CI RCLE 2 42 ON READER SERVICE CARD Need an encapsulated -control? Some of our customers occasionally need a wire-wound control that is sealed against dust and humidity. For these applications, we have developed techniques of encapsulation that give protection against severe environments. First, we use an epoxy encapsulation that surrounds the entire case of the control. Then, we build in a dual 0-ring seal, one on the shaft and another between the control bushing and the mounting panel. The picture shows how this construction looks on our Type SC 5-watt control. CIRCLE 243 ON READER SERVICE CARD January 17, 1964 electronics DESIGNER·S FILE (. Using Resonant Reed Relays in sequential code tone signalling When you need a lot of microfarads ... Our original self-holding resonant reed relay has such unusual characteristics as a simple tone-actuated remote switch, that we have engineered some additional functions into a model called the RRB relay. In the RRB relay, two resonant reeds, which respond only to proper audio tones, are arranged to actuate telephone-type contact stacks. This permits many switching combinations to respond to a single tone signal. The relay provides for an optional mechanical latching arrangement so that the signal may be removed from the carrier channel after achieving the desired switching. An auxiliary reed-tuned to a different frequency-releases the mechanical latch to restore the circuits to normal. Additional option is provided in a sequencing mechanism. If the two working reeds are tuned to respond to tones A and B, for example, a circuit may be arranged to close only if tone A is transmitted before tone B. Two such relays may be operated selectively to call any 1 of 108 different stations by transmitting 4 proper tones in a required sequence. Each station (see diagram below) would have 2 of the relays with selected tone-sequence responses. This basic system can be expanded by using additional tones or decoding relays. If 8 tones are used with three decoding relays at each station, any 1 of 134,456 stations may be selected by a proper sequence of a six tone code. And that's not all. By reversing the sequencing mechanism of the relay, we can provide a unit which will "lock out" the system if a wrong sequence is transmitted. This permits the use of these relays in electrical lock circuits of extremely high security. The security code can be changed in seconds by simply plugging in different relays. You may find interesting possibilities in this concept for garage door openers, telemetering controls, selective calling systems, and security systems. CIRCLE 244 ON READER SERVICE CARD REMOTE SWITCHING BY SEQUENTIAL CODED TONE SIGNALS Carrier (wire line. radio, etc.) Four tone generator ABCD Mallory sequential relay s Type RRB Up to 106 other stations Activation of station may close communication channel or initiate any electrical switching Junction. Occasionally, when you're working out a prototype, you may run into a circuit that needs microfarads by the thousands. How do you get what you need, in compact size, at compact price? The answer is a Mallory Computer Grade (Type CG) capacitor. They were originally developed for use in computer power supplies, but you don't need to be designing computers to use them. They're made of materials-foil, separator, electrolyte-that meet highest specifications for purity. And they are assembled with extra care, in a construction which gives unusual reliability. Their life is exceptional. We have tested them for the equivalent of 20 years service at room temperature without failure. Equivalent series resistance and DC leakage are remarkably low and stable. In a single case (largest size 3 " dia. x 5 Ys ") you can get up to 115,000 mfd. at 3 volts, or 2000 mfd. at 350 volts ... at a cost considerably less than that of conventional electrolytics paralleled together. CIRCLE 245 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics January 17, 1964 9 Stage Set for U.S.-Soviet JODRELL BANK station will link U. S. with USSR via satellite to Zi· menki Observatory at Gorki State University A INFLATION TEST of Echo II. Bal· loon is 135 feet in diameter B ECHO II passive communicat ions satellite balloon is packed at G. T. Schjeldahl, Co., builder C 10 U.S., Russians and English ready tests, stations fo r Echo II satellite By JOEL A. STRASSER Assistant Editor LAUNCH of Echo II, scheduled for January 23 aboard a ThorAgena B from the Pacific Missile Range will, if successful, set the stage for Soviet participation in U. S. space activities. Under terms of the recent U. S.USSR cooperative agreement concerning Echo II, experiments will be conducted between the Jodrell Bank station in Cheshire, England and Russia's Zimenki Observatory at the Gorki State University. Signals will be carried from the U. S. to England using conventional facilities, and then bounced to the satellite from Jodrell Bank for relay to Russia. Soviet experiments with the passive communications satellite balloon are expected to be limited to receiving signals only, Sir Bernard Lovell, director of England's Jodrell Bank Experimental Station told ELECTRONICS. Leonard Jaffe, NASA's director of communications systems, however, told ELECTRONICS that he feels the Russians will want to transmit back to Jodrell Bank at 162 Mc, and would be agreeable to expanding the tests to include experiments in the microwave frequencies. If the Russians are agreeable to thi~ expansion, the U. S. would rely on the 10-Kw transmitter at Goonhilly Downs to send signals to Russia at 1,725 Mc, Donald P. Rogers, Echo II project director at NASA headquarters, told ELECTRONICS. Rogers indicated that it would be technically feasible for the Russians to respond at 4,170 or 4,080 Mc. Jodrell Bank would not be used for microwave tests since the station loses efficiency above 500 Mc. U. S.-Soviet Test Details-Present plans call for Jodrell Bank to transmit at 162.4 Mc. using their Mark I 250-ft-aperture radio telescope. The power gain of the British telescope at that frequency is 40 db, according to Lovell, who plans to use a 1-kw c-w transmitter with circular polarization. Gorki station in the USSR will receive the signals from Jodrell Bank using a radiotelescope that measures 45 ft in diameter with a gain of about 25 db at 162.4 Mc. Distance between Gorki and Jodrell Bank is 1,850 miles and assuming Echo II to be at an altitude of 700 miles, the distance of each station to the satellite is 1,200 miles. Using these figures as a basis for calculations, Lovell has listed the following signal-to-noise ratios expected at the Gorki station from the Jodrell Bank transmissions: · Unmodulated carrier, 17 .7 db · A-m to a depth of 50 percent by a 400-cps tone, 11 .7 db · A-m by speech, 2.3 db · Time expanded speech, at 2:1 ratio, 5.3 db; at 4:1 ratio, 8.3 db; at 8:1 ratio, 11.3 db; at 16: I ratio, 14.3 db · Telegraphy, 20.7 db · Facsimile (peak signal/mean noise), 17.7 db Gorld Station-Zimenki RadioAstronomical Observatory, sponsored by the Gorki Physiotechnical Research Institute, is located at 57 deg, 22 min north, 45 deg, 3 min east-about 200 miles northeast of Moscow. The observatory has been used principally for measurements of solar radiation and the intensity of radio emission of the sun and some discrete sources. One reference lists the station as having a 20-ft dish and two 50-ft dishes, one of the latter probably slated for the Echo tests. Station frequencies are 75, 200, 3,000 and 9,400 Mc. In 1947, a modulated radiotelescope was built at Gorki to measure solar radiation at 75 Mc. Microwave equipment for operation at 3,000 Mc was also constructed that year but not used immediately. The following year a 200-Mc radiotelescope was built, where modulation was achieved by rocking the scan pattern of the antenna to diminish January 17, 1964 electronics Space Tests the effects of galactic background radio em1ss1on and undirected noises. It started operating in 1949, according to a GE source. With the 3,000-Mc radiotelescope built in 1950, data was collected on the relationship between the intensity of radio emission and sun spots. Modulation was achieved by rotating an offset dipole of the receiving antenna. In 1952, a new 3,000-Mc telescope was built that permitted use of the null method of measurement, as well as rapid thermal calibrations. By 1950, Zimenki was observing radio emissions of the sun at 9,400 Mc with apparatus similar to a Dicke radiometer. Antennas-Information from various sources indicates that Zimenki has used numerous antennas for different purposes. Apart from the antenna configurations listed above, Philco advises that the station has three dishes. A 13 .1-ft steerable parabolic antenna at the station reportedly operates at 9,400 Mc, 328 Mc and in the millimeter wavelengths. The company also reports 50- and 19.7-ft steerable parabolic dishes. The International Union Committee on Frequency Allocations and Space Sciences, in a report of frequencies assigned by the Geneva regulations of 1959, mentions a 16.4-ft dish operating at 2,690 to 2,700 Mc and an antenna array measuring 49.2 by 33 feet that operates from 150 to 153 Mc. Twin-Tube Laser GAS LASER by Perkin-Elmer pro· duces 100 mw c-w electronics January 17, 1964 (SPECIAL VIDICONS) Which special vidicon capabilities do you need ? 1. Spectral response: near infrared; S-18; near ultraviolet or x-ray. 2. Fiber optics or standard faceplates. 3. Scanned area either 1;211 x %"or 1" x 111 · The Machlett vidicon line listed below, which offers these capabilities, reflects unusual competence in developing new and difficult to- produce vidicons for custom, military, or sponsored research applications. Machlett Special-Purpose Vidicons ML-7351/ 1" High sensitivity at low light levels ML-7351A ML-2128G 1" High contrast; fiber-optics input ML-S522B 1" Fast, near UV spectral response ML-2128U 1" Near UV; fiber-optics input ML-2058G 2" High resolution; 1.4"diagonal image ML-589 1" X-ray sensitive; high contrast image ML-2135G 2" X-ray sensitive; 1.4" diagonal image For technical information write for our new brochure: Machlett Special-Purpose Vidicons. The Machlett Laboratories, Inc., Spring· dale, Conn. An affiliate of .Raytheon Company. ELECTRON TUBE SPECIALIST CIRCLE 11 ON READER SERVICE CARD 11 100 11 LBS. GE3963-2 NIGHT LIGHT 5UEUL. ELECTRIC Instantly recognize shelf stock from package labels which tell all product facts - and picture the product as well. Using blank roll stock, economically print complete label in exact quantities. Change part or all of imprint in seconds. Save costs of expensive decals, change date codes or other data in seconds. Direct printing with Markem cylindrical object printer, specialty inks and quick-change type saves label or decal purchase and application costs, permits quick changes in part or all of imprint. The best Prevent "outside source" delays, special production scheduling by using flexible, highproduction in-plant Markem identification. Meet military specifications for durability and readability, print fixed and variable data simultaneously. product identification usually costs the least Production print irregular; concave surfaces at high speed, reduce labor costs of hand stamping or using manually-operated machine. Markem 200A offset Unitized . Printing Head prints up to 1800 pieces/ hour, gives uniformly high quality prints, handles a range of sizes. Direct-print complete identification on one or more surfaces, including all values, ratings, connection data, name and trademark - with greater speed, durability and economy than possible with hand stamping. labeling, nameplates, etc. Direct prints can't fall off, stay clean and readable for product's life. Sequentially number components and save $50 per 1000 units. Printing the number, trademark, type number, value and date code by special Markem offset process saves label purchase, inventory, obsolescence and application costs. Change imprint, reset numbering unit in seconds. No wiping between imprints, no voiding numbers if component isn't printed. ·Using proven Markem production identification techniques on your products and packages - as typified in the actual examples shown - reduces labor costs ... prevents costly mistakes in sorting, shipping and use of the product ... encourages reordering exact replacements made by you ... ·helps establish future purchases by repeatedly registering your n_aine with the customer. And Markem machines, type and inks assure clean, durable and complete prints on the surfaces, shapes and Ftee 12-page Catalog shows numerous electrical/electronic applications of Markem equipment. Write for your copy. 12 CIRCLE 12 ON READER SERVICE CARD materials you must mark. Whether your identification involves MIL-spec inks, micro-miniature imprints, consecutive numbering, pilot or production runs, in-line or separate operation - Markem can tailor the right equipment and method to meet your needs and save you money. Ask your Markem Technical Representative to supply detailed recommendations - or write Electrical Industries Division. Markem Machine Co., Dept. 5, Keene, New Hampshire. ~ WINNER Of THE PRESIDENT'S £. fOlt. EXPORT AWAAD M A RK E M TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND INDUSTRY-PROVEN EQUIPMENT WORLDWIDE ··· TO HELP YOUR PROOUCt SPEAK FOR ITSELF January 17, 1964 electronics t I l II ·' Tailor-made nerve systems for sale Your cable assembly may have lo fit a 3-inch junction box. or stretch out 2.000 feet on a launch pad. Maybe you're faced with linking 40,000 volts for 88,000 hours inside a radar system. Or how to keep a cable assembly intact despite high altitudes and contact with fuels and oils. We 've already solved these problems at Amphenol. And more. Like the complex interstage harness assemblies that are the backbone of Minuteman. Like shear-off disconnect assemblies on interceptor missiles. And cost-saving plug-in assemblies for communications systems. Almost all of today's cable assemblies are tailor-made, specially engineered, individually tested. What makes one different from another? Your Amphenol Sales Engineer can show you with a JO-minute photo presentation that may be extremely useful if you have a cable assembly or other wired product requirement. Call your Amphenol Sales Engineer. Or, if you prefer, write directly lo: Dick Hall, Vice President, Marketing, Amphenol. 1830 South 54th Avenue, Chicago 50, Illinois. electronics January 17, 1964 CRmphenoi)? A DIVISION OF AMPHENOL -BORG ELECTRONICS CORPORATION CIRCLE 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD 13 START TRIGGER MAIN TRIGGER Actuated by a heater, they operate on A.C., D.C., or Pul· sating Current . . . Being ~ermetically sealed, they are not affected by altitude, mois· ture, or climate changes ... SPST only-normally open or normally closed . . . Com· ptpoeern+astasutoreed·cChf.oa.rn.g.aemsHfberiaoetmnerts-tsceosmn··· sume approximately 2 W. and may be operated continu· ously . . . The units are ruued, exploslon.proof, lon1· lived, and-inexpensive! ~REGULAT OR 1 CIRCUIT _ _ . W . . - - -PUCHLASREG-FINOGRMCIINRGCUNIT EANTDWORK~ OSCILLATOR 1,700 CPS VO LTAG E SQUARE WAVE CONTROL OSCIL LATOR DR IVER MAGNE TIC DISCHARGE NETWORK PULSE FORM ING NETW ORK MAGNETRON LOAD SEMICONDUCTOR·MAGNETIC pulse generator's basic circuit. ·Low-voltage capacitor is discharged to charge high·voltage capacitor, which is discharged through load (top). This circuit is a refined version of earlier circuit (bottom), detailed in electronics, p 42, July 3, 1959. SCR's To Pulse Radar AllPER/Tl BALLAST REGULATORS ~~ ---~ ~ 10 ~ IA~~c: ~~ER! ~TA~~~~ VARIES APPROX. 1 ONLY 50o/o ! 2o/o Hermetically sealed, they are not affected by changes in alti· tude, (-50° taom+b7ie0n°t temperature C.), or humid· ity . .. Rugged, light, compact, most inexpensive . List Price, $3.00 Write for 4-page Technical Bulletin No. AB·51 Solid-state circuit uses saturable inductors; radar, laser, sonar uses explored By THOMAS MAGUIRE Regional Editor, Boston CAMBRIDGE, MASS.-Research advances in solid-state generation of high-power pulses was reported this week to more than 100 industry and government specialists. Circuit characteristics and application possibilities of the semiconductor-magnetic pulse generator were explored at a one-day seminar sponsored by the MIT Electronic Systems Laboratory and the Air Force Research and Technology Division at Wright-Patterson AF Base. The semiconductor - magnetic pulse generator uses silicon controlled rectifiers (scr) and saturable magnetic cores rather than hydrogen thyratrons or other switching tubes. Forerunner of the new technique was the pulse generator which used a power transistor and saturable inductors (ELECTRONICS, p 42, July 3, 1959). An scr was later substituted for the power transistor. This controlled-rectifier-and-saturable-inductor circuit was gradually refined and an input-voltage regulator circuit added to evolve the presentday technique. Unregulated Supply-No high-voltage power supply is needed, nor a regulated voltage. A low-voltage capacitor is charged first to a regulated voltage-regulated at the capacitor on a pulse-to-pulse basis, not from a regulated supply. To minimize time jitter between trigger pulse and output, the voltage level on this capacitor from pulse to pulse is kept constant. The low-voltage capacitor is discharged with an scr through a saturable step-up transformer to charge a high-voltage capacitor, which is then discharged through the load. Application Range-The MIT lab has been working on the new pulsegeneration technique for several years under Air Force sponsorship. The MIT effort has been geared to radar pulse-modulator uses, but potential uses are also seen in excitation of laser pulses, sonar work, and 14 CIRCLE 14 ON READER SERVICE CARD January 17, 1964 electronics generation of high fields for accelerators. In radar modulation, Lawrence R. Swain, Jr., of MIT, pointed out, the technique offers the expected solid-state advantages for airborne and spaceborne radar systems: high efficiency, light weight and small size, high reliability. In work at the MIT Electronic Systems Laboratory, immeeiate goal is a radar modulator which would produce 1,330 pps at 1 Mw peak power, 2 kw average, and weigh about 25 pounds. Energy Flow-The basic circuit of the semiconductor-magnetic pulse generator is illustrated. It generates output pulses in three steps: · Energy is drawn from an unregulated power supply to charge low-voltage capacitor C1. The regulator circuit halts the charging of C1 when a desired voltage is reached and returns to the power supply any energy then stored in inductor L 1· · Energy is next transferred from C1 through a step-up saturable transformer to a high-voltage capacitor C2, a process which takes several times as Jong as the desired outputpulse duration. · Energy is then discharged from C2 through a linear pulse-forming network to the load. If the prime power supply is a single-phase or polyphase a-c source, an unregulated rectifier filter circuit utilizing semiconductor diodes can provide the d-c input power. If the prime source is a battery, the regulator circuit provides an effective means of compensating the decrease of battery voltage during discharge. What's Needed-The radar research group working at MIT under Swain has been concerned principally with the 2N680 series of scr's. Primary requisite is rapid turn-on, from a high-impedance state to fully conducting in a few microseconds. Capacitors in this circuit have to be capable of discharging rapidly without overheating and must have low self-inductance. For magnetic cores, the MIT group has been using tapewound toroids. According to Swain, the work thus far, in addition to developing a promising pulse technique, points up the need to learn more about existing scr's. electronics January 17, 1964 cleaner waveforms than you can draw yourself* with TI Pulse Generators All TI 6000 Series Pulse Gen- briefly · · · rise and fall times · erators produce stable, clean variable from less than 10 nano- waveforms. The Model 6605 is a variable rise and fall time unit which provides coincident positive and negative 10-volt pulses into 50 ohms with unlimited duty cycle. Both pulses can be simultaneously controlled for pulse width, rise time, fall time, and delayed with respect to the input signal. The output amplitudes are independently variable. Outputs are short-proof, with overload indicators and seconds to more than 5 microseconds; width coincidently variable from 40 nanoseconds to 1 millisecond; delay-with respect to clock-coincidently variable from 90 nanoseconds to 1 millisecond; repetition rates to 25 megacycles. Like all Series 6000 Pulse Generators, the Model 6605 is compact, lightweight and portable, extremely convenient to use. Circuitry is all reset buttons. Specifications, solid state. *We didn't draw them-actual photograph. Write for complete information. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS GROUP TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED P.O. BOX 66027 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77006 .,. CIRCLE 15 ON READER SERVICE CARD 15 How Barden gained a 50% increase in cleaning capacity for precision bearings! PROBLEM: Precision cleaning of assembled ball bearings for instruments used to be a time-consuming operation for the Barden Corporation, Danbury, Connecticut. Bearings up to 111 diameter went through a spray-cleaning machine at a relatively low production rate. Larger bearings were individually spray-cleaned. SOLUTION: A new cleaning system based on an ultrasonic bath of FREON fluorocarbon solvent coupled with spray cleaning. FREON is a selective solvent in that it effectively removes dirt, yet has no effect on critical steel, bronze, plastic and fiber components of these bearings. Ultrasonic action combined with the extremely low surface tension of FREON digs contaminants out of the tiniest crevices. Result: Barden now cleans completely assembled bearings in batches of hundreds. Over-all cleaning capacity is up 50% ! And Barden reports that FREON solvents give them better cleaning quality. Particle count is 15% lower than before, which is a significant drop because the count was very low to start with. Barden also points out that FREON dries quickly and leaves no residue, and that its very low toxicity and nonflammability let them operate without expensive ventilating equipment. They've found the new system economical to use, because FREON can be recovered in simple equipment-for reuse ov~r and over again. We'll be glad to show you how FREON solvents can improve your own cleaning operation. First, send the coupon or Reader Service Card for our new booklet on cleaning! CIRClE 16 ON READER SERVICE CARD FREON® solvents BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ··· THROUGH CHEMISTRY MAIL COUPON FOR NEW BOOKLET ON CLEA N I N G E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.) FREON Products Division N-2420-E-1 R, Wilmington 98, Delaware Name._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Title._ _ _ __ Company_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ Address._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Please send new booklet on FREON solvents for precision cleaning. I am interested in cleaning,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ D I would like to talk to a cleaning specialist. January 17, 1964 electronics HOUSTON-NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center has asked industry for proposals on a deep-space laser acquisition and tracking study. The center is seeking a system that would have a mean range of 50 million nautical miles. Twenty-two companies have been invited to bid on a $75,000 R&D contract for such a system, with the bids due at MSC by Jan. 22. MSC says it wants a system capable of handling two-way telemetry and voice communications, as well as spacecraft to ground tv. Four communications links are to be con- sidered: 1) From an earth station to Manned Deep Space Vehicle (MDSV) via laser beam 2) From earth to satellite by radio frequency and relay to MDSV via laser beam 3) From earth to a lunar station via r-f and relay to MDSV by laser 4) Communications between two or more space vehicles for distances up to 300 nautical miles on deepspace missions. MSC says its proposal calls for studies using r-f as well as laser because of laser handicaps within the earth's atmosphere. Eurocontrol Orders Air-Traffic Simulator EUROCONTROL, the European Air Traffic Control organization, has ordered an air-traffic control simulator with a capacity of 300 aircraft simulations from a consortium of CSF of France, Decca Radar Ltd. of Britain and Telefunken AG of Germany. The simulator will show the air-traffic situation in an area the size of Western Europe with six For Stereo, Matched Musical Spheres simulated primary radars and six secondary radars providing surveillance coverage. The system will be installed at the Eurocontrol Experimental Center at Bretigny, France. Warning Device Wanted For Clear-Air Turbulence WASHINGTON-A feasible device that will give pilots advance warning of clear air turbulence is still a long way off, but at least three developmental efforts are being carried on that offer some hope. Eastern Air Lines is experimenting with an instrument designed to measure small temperature changes as the aircraft cruises. It is connected to the aircraft computer system and may possibly provide two or three minutes warning. Temperature change is frequently associated with clear air turbulence. Although it is still too early to predict the success of this device, Eastern has modified all of its DC-8 jets to accept it and testing is proceeding rapidly. Collins Radio Co. is experimenting with a microwave radiometer which may be able to sense the temperature a few miles ahead of the aircraft. And Stanford Research Institute is attempting to correlate atmospheric electrical charges with clear air turbulence. DUMBBELL-SHAPED, all-transistor stereo set Introduced last week In Chi· cago by Clairtone Sound, Toronto uses motional velocity feedback (elec· tronics, p 54, May 3, 1962) developed by proportional moveme!1t.s of the sound globes, to cancel distorting frequencies. Globes cont~ining l~ud speakers in special configuration are adjustable to .surroundings. Pnce: $1,600. Oscar Peterson, the pianist, gets a demonstration electronics January 17, 1964 Data Scanners Automate Engine Room NEW ORLEANS - Avondale Ship Yards this month starts building the nation's first ship with speed and direction controlled by the bridge directly. Gone will be the bell system linking the bridge with the engineer below decks. The ship, the S.S. Louis Lykes, will have data scanning equipment which monitors 100 points in the engine room simultaneously, initiating corrective 17 ---electronics NEWSLETTER----------· action when dangerous increases in moves magnetic tape exactly 0.005 10-Mc Integrated Circuits pressure or temperature occur. inch per increment, packs informa- Westinghouse and Lykes Bros. tion at 200 characters per inch. The Use Single Power Supply Steamship Co. designed the auto- seven-channel, 60-pound transistor mated engine rooms. Westinghouse recorder was originally developed SUNNYVALE, CALIF. - A series of was given a $6-million contract for for accumulators of asynchronous 10-Mc diode-transistor-logic mono- work on the S.S. Lykes and seven data. lithic integrated circuits has been other ships which will be built in introduced by Siliconix. Seven cir- the same mold. cuits are designed around a basic NAND gate and all use epitaxial-col- Incremental Recorder Applied to Retail Sales Automatic Ticket Taker LONDON-First tests of an electronic barrier control system at a North London subway station lector transistors to minimize isolation capacitance and to control saturation resistance. Major design feature is operation from a single power supply without compromising cir- NEW YORK - Universal Controls said last week it will use the incremental recorder made by Precision Instrument Co., Palo Alto, Calif., in its Uni-Tote point-of-sale record!I ing system. Uni-Tote, built by Universal's American Totalizer division, is designed to keep track of retail store transactions. The RSL-150 tape drive, which started this month. Passengers entering the platforms pass through the barrier after inserting their tickets into a scanning head. If the fare and date information is correct, the ticket is returned to the passenger and the barrier gate opens. Incorrect information inhibits the gate, and illuminates a stop light to alert the station officials. cuit gain, speed and power. The Siliconix DTL gate relaxes gain restrictions by addition of an emitter .follower. Circuits are available in either modified T0-5 or a solid glassalumina flatpack. Siliconix has set one price for quantities from 1 to 999 to encourage trial use without small-quantity price penalty. ----MEETINGS AHEAD---- SYMPOSIUM ON CHARGE TRANSFER COM· PLEXEs, USAF Scientific Research Labs; Denver, Colo., Jan. 19-24. ANTENNA RESEARCH APPUCATIONS FORUM, Midwest Electronics Research Center; University of lliinois, Urbana, Ill., Jan. 27-30. MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, ERA; New Orleans, La., Jan. 28-31. ANNUAL MEETING-SEMINAR, Precision Potentiometer Manufacturers' Association, Hollywood Beach Hotel, Hollywood, Fla., Jan. 29-31. INSTRUMENTATION SYMPOSIUM, ISA North Central Area; New Sheraton-Ritz Hotel, Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 30-31. MILITARY ELECTRONICS WINTER CONVEN· TION, IBEE·PTGMIL; Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif., Feb. S-7. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, FNIE, SDSA; Paris Exhibition Park, Paris, France, Feb. 7-12. INFORMATION STORAGE·RETRIBVAL INSTI· TUTE, American University; University, Washington, D. C., Feb. 17-21. PHYSICAi. METALLURGY OP SUPERCONDUC· TORS MEETING, AIMMPE Metallurgical Society; Hotel Astor, New York, N. Y., Feb. 18. 18 INTERNATIONAL SOLID STATB CIRCUITS CONFERENCE, IEEE, University of Pennsylvania; Sheraton Hotel and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 19-21. NUMERICAL CONTROL PRESIDENTS' CON· FERENCE, Numerical Control Society; Hotel Plaza, New York, N. Y., Feb. 20-21. SOCIBTY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY NA· TIONAL SYMPOSIUM, SID; El Cortez Hotel, San Diego, Calif,. Feb. 26-27. WELDED ELECTRONIC PACKAGING SYM· POSIUM, WEPA; Miramar Hotel, Santa Monica, Calif., Feb. 26-27. SCINTILLATION·SEMICONDUCTOR COUNTER SYMPOSIUM, IEEE, AEC, NBS; Hotel Shoreham, Washington, D. C., Feb. 26-28. ADVANCE REPORT PRECISION llLECTROMAQNllTIC MBA.SUREM'ICNTS CONFERBNCil, NBS, IEEll, URBI; NBS Boulder Laboratorles, Boulder, Colo., June U-U; March. 15 is deadline for submitting summaries and !OO-word abstracts to Charles F. Hempstead, Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc., Murrasi Hill, N. J. Topics in· clude atomic frequency and time, conducth>tt31 determination and electric-maonetio ausceptil»lities, quantum electronics in precision radio and optical measurements, electromagnetic measurements for space navigation-exploration, statistical methods-automation and data reduction in precision measurements, radio frequenc'j/, microwave, millimeter measurements. Solid-State Detector May Track Stars by IR CAMBRIDGE, MASS.-A light detector under development at MIT combines a gallium-arsenide photovoltaic cell with a field-effect transistor. It was designed by Sanford Cohen, of MIT's Experimental Astronomy Lab, for projected NASA requirements of interplanetary navigation. The device is packaged in a cube of about a half-inch. The output voltage of the Ga-As p-n photocell is used to modulate current flow in the reverse-biased field-effect transistor. Experiments indicate the solid-state light detector is less noisy than a phototube but a little less sensitive. Cohen says studies should yield a solid-state detector equal in performance to the multiplier phototube. It should be simpler, more rugged, and less costly, he says. The detector is theoretrically capable of sensing stars of the magnitude needed in extraterrestrial navigation. Its peak sensitivity is in infrared-at 8,600 A, which suggests another use, ir tracking of stars during daytime as an aid to navigation on earth. January 17, 1964 electronics Triode Gas Laser Invented I I\ I ' "1 BELL TELEPHONE LABS last week reported it has invented a gas laser that can be switched and amplitude-modulated, like a triode, by varying the voltage on the grid. Excited by a beam of electrons of nearly identical energies emitted from a hot cathode, the laser oscillates without the usual glow discharge of a gas laser, said P. K. Tien, Donald McNair and H. L. Hodges, in the Physical Review Letters. Cathode, grid and anode are in the form of parallel ribbons, extending about 8 inches along the laser's horizontal axis. Electrons from the cathode are controlled by the grid to have an energy spread of a fraction of a volt, instead of the tens of volts in conventional lasers. This is said to provide a hundredfold increase in excitation efficiency per electron Larger Ferrite Crystals Grown With Plasmas LONDON - Joint research by Imperial College, London, and the British Oxygen Co. into methods of using plasmas for forming ferrite compounds is yielding single crystals with sizes up to 5 cm long and 1 cm in diameter. In the experimental method, powdered oxide is fed by a stream of gas into the plasma zone which is ionized initially by a 9-kw, 5-Mc r-f generator. Growth rates at present vary between 0.1 cm and 2 cm per hour, with growth periods as long as 5 hours. Body Scanner Helps Diagnose Tumors LONDON -A body scanner developed by Isotope Instruments Ltd., a subsidiary of Elliott-Automation Ltd., will ease the diagnosis of tumor locations. Results are presented as a colored chart, providing for easier interpretation. The patient undergoing examination lies on a motor-driven couch with a scintillation counter positioned over the area of the body to be scanned. The couch is first driven longitudinally at constant speed providing one line of scan. Reversing the couch after elet.'tronics January 17, 1964 a transverse shift produces the next scanning line. A remotely-controlled multi-color printer produces a colored activity distribution pattern of the body. Pattern of the colored dots is proportional to the count rate, areas of high activity being represented by dense concentrations together with a color change so as to improve contrast. MIT Making Blueprint For Library of Future CAMBRIDGE, MASS. - Interdisciplinary group at MIT will take a basic look at the technical information problem and try to start building techniques for the libraries of the 1970's. Designated Project Minerva, the effort will be headed by Carl F. J. Overhage, who will resign as director of Lincoln Laboratory and return to the main MIT campus. Nucleus of Project Minerva will also include Prof. William N. Locke, Director of MIT Libraries, and Myer M. Kessler, who has been building a pilot model of a technical information system, based on a computer-stored index of several journals. Succeeding Overhage as director of Lincoln Laboratory will be Associate Director William H. Radford. Benjamin Lax, now Head of the Solid State Division, will move up to associate director BURROUGHS this week introduced a general·purpose computer aimed at the half·billion-dollar commercial accounting market, and selling for under $20,000. The five models of the N2100 can read and write alphanumeric data from magnetic-striped ledger cards, and a choice of punchcards or punched-paper-tape output. INTERCONTINENTAL Electronics Corp. has been merged into American Radio Co. Tracor Inc. has acquired Accurate Instrument Co. interphase Corp. says it has acquired the right to purchase substantially all of the common stock of Kane Engineering Labs. NEW YORK has allotted $8 million to plan the first stage of a $100-mil· lion electronic traffic control system (p 14, Dec. 28, 1962), covering main intersections on about 250 miles of streets. AEC WILL BUILD a $3.5-million, multistory computer facility for the Lawrence Radiation Lab at Livermore, Calif. Facility will house a CDC 6600. AMPEX has delivered a $1-million radar recorder system to Bell Telephone Labs, White Sands, N.M., for Nike anti-missile missile system research. The recorder reproduces time-base stabilized and transient-free radar data. NATIONAL BUREAU of Standards is set to begin its long-discussed efforts to centralize computer services for the federal government in the Washington D.C. area (p 12, May 17, 1963). It will operate a computer service center, selling time on its own digital computers. AUTOGYRO drone aircraft has successfully completed its first series of flight tests at the Pacific Missile Range. Flight direction and altitude of the Northrop-built craft are determined by radio-controlled changes in the rotor blade angle. FAIRCHILD Semiconductor has introduced a family of Micrologic elements that dissipate less than 3 mw per node with a propagation delay of about 40 nanoseconds. LINK Division of General Precision has won a $19.5-million contract from the Nav}t for 10 weapon-system trainers for the F4C aircraft. SWEDEN is buying $13.5 million in fm vehicular communications systems from Magnavox. 19 WASHINGTON THIS WEEK New Procurement Rules to Define Price Competition For the first time, the Armed Services Procurement Regulations will soon have a section defining "adequate price competition" and "established catalog or market prices." The Defense Department is calling for industry comment on a set of proposed definitions. By Jaw, firms with Pentagon contracts over $100,000 must give justifying cost data unless there is "adequate price competition," or catalog or market prices are established through substantial sales to the general public. The definitions would apply to dealings between prime and subcontractors as well as to those between the Pentagon and its primes. The proposals aim to satisfy contractor and procurement officer demand for more pinpointing of the terms. FCC Says ComSat Buyers Must Favor Small Businesses Communications Satellite Corp. will have to get the approval of the Federal Communications Commission for all purchases of more than $25 ,000. The corporation strenuously opposed FCC's attempt to require approval for all purchases over $2,500, so FCC increased the cutoff figure. All purchases of $25,000 or more by the corporation, prime and subcontractors must be by competitive bid wherever possible, and by negotiation only under limited circumstances. Where feasible, the FCC requires that buying be split into lots that give small business a chance to bid. Where they are competitive, small businesses, as defined by the Small Business Administration, will get the awards. Federal Spending Ceiling Makes Tax Cut Certain President Johnson's surprisingly low $97.9-billion spending plans for the fiscal year starting July I bear these important implications: I) For the fust time in several years, suppliers of goods and services to the government will not get the usual upward increments-there could even be a slight drop. 2) Passage of the $11-billion cut in personal and corporate taxes is now certain. Johnson's "frugality" has impressed congressional holdouts opposed to tax cutting without a spending cut. 3) The philosophy behind the budget will gain momentum if the arms race continues to Jet up. Johnson is calling for a small start on civilian spending programs that can be rapidly expanded as defense spending tapers off. Labor Department Overtime Wages In line with President Johnson's drive against paying overtime in industries where new employees could be added instead, Labor Department experts have drafted legislation that would permit the Secretary of Labor to raise overtime rates-up to double time-in industries with high unemployment that are also deemed to be paying excessive overtime. Special business, government and labor committees would decide whether the overtime was a necessary part of doing business, and whether the higher rate would be too costly for the employer. They would also gather the statistical evidence now lacking to determine what percentage of overtime might be eliminated. At a reliability symposium here last week, Air Force Lt. Gen. H. M. Estes, Jr., outlined Air Force policies aimed at getting higher reliability in weapons Air Force Plans and space systems. The problem, he said, is to precisely define desired reliability factors for specific systems. Besides going over to quantitative Advisory Committee reliability and maintainability figures in contracts, greater stress is being placed on contractor reliability performance (for related story, see p 39). On Reliability Among the measures being taken to improve capability to determine total system effectiveness "from inception to inventory," Estes said, is a plan to establish a working group to be known as the Weapons Systems Effectiveness Industry Advisory Committee. 20 CIRCLE 21 ON READER SERVICE CARD-+ -SILICONE What you can do with General Electric's RTV silicone -compounds to insul,ate, seal and rrwld from -150°F to 500°F Encapsulate it. Fluid RTV si licone rubber penetrates deep into transformer coils. RTV has excellent dielectric strength and practically no shrinkage. Cure time at room temperature can be varied from minutes to hours. Pot it. Transparent or opaque, G-E silicones provide a resilient protection against moisture, ozone, thermal and mechanical shock. Flows freely around complicated parts, can be cut away to replace internal componen ts. Duplicate it, Flexible RTV is often used to make molds for prototypes and short run production. This part requires deep undercuttin g, but duplicate parts flex free easily. RTV's tensile strength is as high as 850 psi. Seal it. Bondable RTV (when surface is properly primed) seals against moisture and vibration, ozone and chemicals. Can be used for sheet metal fabrication, shock mounts, gasketing. Viscosities range from pourable to paste. Insulate it. Adhesive/sealant RTV-102 re- quires no mixing of catalyst, can be used to insulate open wiring, for on-the-spot caulking, gluing and soldering. RTVs are virtually ageless, will not stress-crack or weather. Manufacture it. RTV adhesive/sealants are fast working assembly tools, eliminate prefab. ricated parts or more costly, time consuming techniques. Here an RTV adhesive laminates flexible mica strips to form cylindrical du cts. If you would like a free sample of one of the nine General Electric RTV silicones for evaluation, write on your letterhead, de· scribing your application. For additional information, check reader service card. Sec· tion N 195 Silicone Products Dept., General Electric Company, Waterford, New York. 22 CIRCLE 22 ON READER SERVICE CARD fl GENERAL ELECTRIC January 17, 1964 electronics ELECTRONICS in Israel is largely concentrated in or near Tel Aviv. Haifa is second, and Jerusalem third . All three can be covered by car in just a few hours ELECTRONIC IS RAEL Israel is on the threshold of a diversifie industry. It will soon be able to take car ics of its own ISRAEL is on the threshold of a diversified electronics industry, give or take a year. It will soon be able to take care of most of its own needs and can in time develop specialized products for export. What these specialties will be, when and where they will find a market, cannot at this time be safely predicted. But the obvious dedication of a people moving swiftly from the communal-farming kibbutz to a modern manufacturing economy is speeding up the timetable. The country has one natural advantage, the possession of scientist-educators second to none in quality and far above most other lands in quantity proportional to population. They have, or soon will have, physical facilities that would be envied by men working in many other places, and operate in an atmosphere that is particularly conducive to basic research. They are turning out engineers at a phenomenal rate, and these are backstopped to an unusual extent by technicians graduated from vocational schools. Research is relatively inexpensive. Momentarily, the heavy emphasis upon basic research and education which is Israel's heritage is also a disadvantage, because many areas under investigation are primarily of academic interest, and because there is some notable tendency to consider the conversion of ideas that do have commercial value slightly "dirty". Then too, the growing crop of new engineers electronics January 17, 1964 By W. W. MacDONALD, Consultant Huntington , New York STUDENTS of electrical engineering at Technion measur· ing small magnetic fields 23 TECHNION, on Mount Carmel. and beyond that Haifa Bay raised in this climate does not yet have within the country's borders enough industry to provide practical experience, with the result that there is a deficiency in immediate ability to develop and design . This explains why there is at one and the same time a surplus and shortage of such talent, the first in the area of basic research and the second in the area of application . Education and Research-While the Department of Defense and other government agencies do directly engage in some research, and infant industry shows incipient signs of becoming more interested in the applied variety, by far the bulk of it is currently done by three institutions. Here the business of researching for the sake of research , doing it on contract for anyone anywhere who suggests the subject and provides financial support, and educating, is so intertwined among both teachers and students seeking a master's degree that it is difficult to determine where one ends and the other begins . Technion, Israel Institute of Technology at Haifa, turns out most of the country's engineers. The electrical engineering department is currently engaged in applied research on a number of subjects important in the field of electronics. Such as: Analog computers. Instrumentation for measurement of physical quantities like turbulence in fluid dynamics, correlation measurements, wideband mechanical vibration measurements, low level d.c. Fast-current pulse amplifiers with nanosecond rise time. Instrumentation for nuclear research, including fast time-to-amplitude converters. Microcircuitry . Magnetic films . And systems needed for ionospheric and solar research. An electronics institute was originally set up as a maintenance laboratory for the electrical engineering department but now also designs and builds some equipment. Among items developed here recently are: 24 ARITHMETIC UNIT of Weizmann lnsti· tute's Golem computer, under construction in Rehovoth Stabilized voltage and current supplies. Electronic switches. Audio oscillators. Pulse generators. Specialpurpose sweep-frequency oscillators. Special-purpose curve tracers for semiconductors. And control instruments for asynchronous motors. Awareness of the fact that Israel has a gap to bridge between basic research and application has caused the school to set up a more or less separate organization to explore the latter area. It will need time to get off the ground. There is also a link to a private corporation in H aifa that manufactures instruments. World-famous Weizmann Institute of Science, at Rehovoth , is primarily concerned with basic research, and among its current high-le\'.el projects are the following: Nuclear magnetic resonance in solids Magnetic interactions in metals High sensitivity N.M.R. spectrometer for low temperature work Micromagnetics and nucleation Ordered magnetism in solids Magneto-optics and magnetoelectric effects Nonlinearity in the susceptibility tensor Weak ferromagnetism N.M.R. in magnetic materials Magnetochemistry Orthoferrites Instrumentation for magnetic measurements Photochromic effect Medical applications of magnetic devices Applications of computers in medicine Instrumentation for cardiology Propag'1t' on of sound in the ear Instrumentation for brain research and surgery Electro-optical instruments for diagnosis Miniaturized devices for internal applications The institute has set up a separate corporation, Yeda, to develop devices that appear to have future market possibilities. One of these is a transistorized January 17, 1964 electronics EEG amplifier and transmitter that sends electric brain potentials to a nearby receiver-recorder without interconnecting wires. Another is the Fragilograph, an instrument that provides a rapid and accurate determination of the osmotic fragility of red blood cells. A novel electrodynamic transducer design was introduced some time ago (ELECTRONICS, p 93, Feb. 12, 1960) to makers of loudspeakers, and a company operating under license in France has manufactured microphones employing the principle. Financial return to the institute has not, so far, been fantastique. The department of applied mathematics is building a high-speed computer, called Golem, which in its overall organization and logic is patterned after the American Illiac II but achieves in its central processor a reduction in size by a factor of 10 and a reduction in transistor count by a factor of four. It uses epitaxial mesa transistors in combination with fast germanium diodes , on printed circuit modules, to form saturating logic elements . The two-unit memory, purchased abroad, employs coincident-current magnetic cores and will eventually be capable of handling 16,384 words. The central processor was completed last September, and placed in operation with 8,192 words of memory and paper tape input-output in November. Sometime in the first half of 1964 a magnetic-tape synchronizer and buffer is to be constructed and the computer is scheduled to be in full operation with eight tape transports by July. Sometime within the next two years a magnetic drum or disc is to be added. Speaking generally rather than specifically, there is a tendency in Israeli institutions to build rather than to buy. This is based on the premise that the latest techniques can best be incorporated in equipment in this manner, that greater reliability can be achieved, that it can be done at substantially lower cost, and that the process of building is educational. There is merit electronics January 17, 1964 in this premise, and also in the opposite school of thought which holds it would be better in many cases to buy and thus gain time for devotion to more important overall objectives. Hebrew University of Jerusalem uses a good deal of electronics in its research program, particularly in the faculty of medicine. Among experimental devices seen there is one intended to continuously watch blood pressure without requiring constricture of the patient's arm except when unusual increases or decreases occur, in which event constricture for precise measurement and recording would be accomplished automatically. Another is a blood-test device requiring transmission of high intensity and therefore very hot light through, say, a patient's finger. To avoid burning, the approach utilizes fibre optics. While it is not yet widely known, Tel Aviv University, which has until recently been a liberal arts school, now also teaches engineering. Faculty is being initially supplied by the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, which maintains a well-equipped electronics laboratory near its experimental nuclear reactor turning out radioactive isotopes down at Nahal Soreq. It is too early to tell how graduate students will be oriented. Government Manufacturing - Much like the United States in this respect, something over 50 percent of Israel's expenditure for electronics is by the govern- ISRAELI MANUFACTURERS ALHUT Natanya Radios ALL ELECTRIC Rishon le Zion Radios, components AM RON Herzlya Radios, hi-fl, tape recorders AMRON ELECTRONICS HoIon Intercoms, transceivers, instruments, telephone equipment COLLA RON Tel Aviv Record-players, amp liflers, speakers, tape recorders ELCO Ramal Gan Transformers, process controls ELECTRONICS CORP Tel Aviv (See text) EL RON Haifa (See text) GATRON Tel Aviv Speakers, coils, switches HA REL Haifa Car radios INFRA Jerusalem Radios, components INTERCOM Tel Aviv Intercoms ISRAEL AIRCRAFT Lod (See text) ISRAEL ELECTRONICS Tel Aviv (See text) KEREN Ashkelon Communications systems KINORI Tel Aviv Radios, components LAMDA HA'AN KAMIL Haifa Components LEBEL Haifa Radios MOSHE BASSIN Tel Aviv (See text) ORAM Lydda Transformers PILOT Tel Aviv Radios, phonographs RADIO HECHT Hadero Radios REHOVOTH INSTRUM'TS Rehovoth Instruments RO NTON Notonya Radios SPECTOR Haifa Communicalions and navigation equipment assembly SU PERON Tel Aviv Radios, record players SWERY Tel Aviv Packaging equipment SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS Tel Aviv Synthetic single crystals TELCO Tel Aviv Telephone equipment TEL-RAD CONSOLIDATED Lod Telephone equipment TRANSIT O N Tel Aviv Radios ZOLOTOV Jaffa Resistors, potentiometers 25 UHF TRANSCEIVER assembly line at Israel Aircraft 26 TESTING transistorized cardiac pacemaker ment, and most of this is for defense. Defense is, understandably, highly classified. But this can be said: Army equipment is American made or of similar design, Navy equipment shows both American and British influence, and Air Force equipment is largely French or its locally made equivalent. The remarkable economic progress achieved by the country in its brief 15 years of existence can be attributed largely to the manner in which the government, often aided by the central labor union called Histadrut, has so far employed the very substantial funds contributed by its many friends abroad. Thus there is a tendency for government to continue in the manufacturing business. This appears to be at least temporarily necessary in the case of certain highly specialized needs as, for example, down in the Negev, and there is also some validity in the belief that manufacture of civilian items is a good way to keep defense plants and personnel in standby operation against a day of possible emergency need. On the other hand, it does little to encourage private industry and there is some evidence of frustration in commercial circles despite efforts on the part of government-owned plants to avoid manufacture of competitive items and despite very real tax and other concessions made within the past year-and-a-half to encourage investment of private capital. Largest government-owned corporation in the field of electronics is Israel Aircraft Industries at Lod. It employs 3,500 people overall . Some 300 operate in our field, including 30 engineers and 75 technicians. Established originally under the name Bedek to service military aircraft, this company now also expertly services engines in particular for the several commercial airlines using the nearby airport, builds a modified version of the French Fouga Magister jet trainer aircraft, and a good deal of the electronic equipment needed by the Air Force. This includes a transistorized radio compass, airborne radar, rad ar test equipment and uhf transceivers . It is also starting to build, for commercial sale to the medical profession, and a-c/ d-c defibrillator, a pulse monitor and a cardiac pacemaker. The prototype of an electric respirator is nearing completion. A transistorized intercom system for industrial use is in process of design. Multiple Ownership-It is not uncommon in Israel for a manufacturer to be financed by a plurality of investors who might, in other lands, be considered January 17, 1964 electronics FOUGA jet made by Israel Aircraft Industries near Lod strange bedfellows. Such is the case at Tadiran, Israel Electronics Industries Ltd., operating seven specialized plants in and near Tel Aviv. Ownership is divided between the Department of Defense, the labor union, and private capital. This aggressive and well-managed company obviously organized with an eye to the future has so far obtained most of its research and development and needed manufacturing knowhow through working arrangements with American companies. It sold IL I-million worth of goods in 1961 (an Israeli pound is about 1/ 3 of a U. S. dollar), IL 2-million in 1962, IL 3.46-million in 1963 and hopes to do IL 8-million in 1964. Its product line is already extremely broad, a trait common among even new Israeli companies of any size at this stage of market development. Diversification helps pay the immediate bills, whether or not the present product mix is destined to continue in the future. It probably will be modified but expanded. Communications equipment is made by this company for the Army, to U.S. specifications. Most of the mechanical parts are made in plant, as are printed circuits. Machine shops are relatively plentiful in Israel but it was considered necessary in this instance to buy one and incorporate it within the company in order to secure required close tolerances to which most local shops are not yet accustomed. Plating and other finishes to military specifications also require a good deal of in-plant training. Printed circuits are made in plant for the same reason, as they are also made in several others. A line of transistorized automobile radios has been the commercial mainstay. The company is doing well under license with air conditioners introduced within the past year or so. It also makes battery-operated lanterns, one of which employs a transistorized flasher circuit. Another model automatically provides emergency lighting when local power fails. Up-to-date technically is a division making an extensive line of quartz crystals. So also is another operation using quite modern methods to make a wide range of germanium-transistor types from crystals imported from overseas. Present equipment, and some supervisory personnel, was imported lock, stock and barrel as a complete manufacturing unit from Long Island, New York. It is planned also to make planar silicon types and, later, to fabricate microcircuits. Still another unit has high hopes for its line of surface-barrier detectors featuring especially rugged electronics January 17, 1964 construction, coaxial connections, no dead layer and individually certified test data. Private Industry-Considering Israel's 2,300,000 population and tender age, it already has a great many manufacturers. Most of them are quite small, have not yet achieved great stability and are trying to get started in electronics by making radio sets or hi-fi equipment primarily for the active home market. There is some exporting to, for instance, Turkey, and long-range promise of business from Africa, but competing with conventional products in most foreign markets is difficult. For one thing, while engineering manpower is comparatively inexpensive in Israel, production and office help is not, and large-scale production methods and machinery have not so far seemed generally supportable. For another, wirewound resistors are one of the few specialized components made in the country other than the transformers most equipment manufacturers wind themselves, and the supply pipeline for parts is both a long and slow one. Too slow, many say. Whether or not Israel should try to establish a rounded out component parts industry is controversial. There is, on the one hand, a great desire to be self sufficient, and on the other a conviction that the size of the internal market plus immediately available export business for a country whose land borders are closed probably does not warrant such an ambitious program at this time. Most manufacturers of commercial equipment would prefer to buy rather than to make components other than mechanical items. They are, however, handicapped by the relatively small quantities needed and either make them or shop around quite widely, particularly in Europe. Receiving tubes, for example, may come from England or from France. They may also come from Hungary. American components are more common in professional equipment. Next fillip to the internal market could be television, but the manner in which it may be introduced and the date is uncertain. The government, which has long resisted television, is now understood to be receptive to the idea that an educational station up in the hills between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem could materially relieve a growing grade-school teacher shortage. A French financier and philanthropist is said to have promised all or most of the money which would be needed to build such a station. Meanwhile, an estimated 10,000 receivers are already in use, mostly in 27 the north, looking at programs emanating from Arab countries. At least two Israeli manufacturers have sent engineers to France to acquire television receiver design and manufacturing experience, hoping that the proposed educational station could later lead to commercial service. Home equipment for which there is a ready though increasingly competitive market is sometimes the sole manufacturing objective when an Israeli company first enters the electronics business but more often represents just the first hopeful move toward diversification. For example, Electronics Corporation of Israel, in Tel Aviv, a company that has successfully weathered several changes of ownership and acquired useful management experience, attributes 65 percent of its volume to manufacture and sale of the Schneider brand of radios. The remainder, being given increased emphasis, includes contract work for the government and others, the design, manufacture, installation and maintenance of hotel electronic equipment and controls, and some telemetering system work. A public-addresssystem line is under development, and the company has an eye open for saleable products beyond that. Specialized electronic instruments appear to hold particular promise for Israel in world markets because they could be the natural result of intensive research among the institutions mentioned earlier. Thus there are a number of budding instrument makers. One of these is Elron Electronic Industries Ltd., Haifa, making a Geiger survey meter, a preset electronic counter, single-channel analyzers and a Mossbauer-effect spectrometer. The company believes it has at least a slight technical edge because of its understanding of how best to employ transistors as current amplifiers. Employees have increased from 25 to 55 in the past year, include 10 engineers and 14 technicians. There are, too, highly enterprising manufacturers' representatives who import electronic equipment from abroad but rarely stop at that. For example, Moshe Bassin Electronics & Engineering Ltd., of Tel Aviv specializes in American equipment. It has distribution of a top line of mobile communications gear and has done so well with it that rumors dating back nearly two years to the effect that it might be set up for limited manufacturing persist. The company also handles four well-known non-competitive instrument lines, a professional tape recorder, a good brand of portable generators, a citizens-band transmitter-receiver kit which it assembles itself and sells to gain entre to future commercial communications accounts, and an antenna line. It also makes Yagi antennas of its own for specialized applications and designs and builds accessories needed for application of much of the apparatus it imports to specific system requirements such as those involved in telemetering or interconnection with telephone lines. Digital data transmission suitable for computer input is under study. Two years ago this company employed 15 people. Today it employs 40, which includes eight engineers, 25 technicians and seven field engineers-"No one in Israel, among those with technical training at least, wants to be called a salesman." The Future-Israel's electronics industry is on its way, and will one day be a factor in specialized world markets. The country has the most important ingredients .. . the need, the brains and, particularly, the necessary drive . . . and much of what it doesn't have it can acquire. It will not be easy, but then when has birth ever been. The process will be aided by men such as Raanan Amir, who as an Israeli public information officer in New York suggested an on-the-ground look at the beginning of an industry, and who has since returned to his homeland to become Deputy Director of the Industrial Development Bank's Investment Corporation. And by Louis Williams of the Investment Authority in Tel Aviv who, with his associates, arranged and facilitated the trip. And by the many others in government, the institutions and in industry who were so generous with their time. To them all we say . .. Shalom. NEW QUARTERS for Hebrew University medical school, square structure at left, in Eim Kerem near Jerusalem. Buildings at right house Hadassah Medical Center 3.2 I on r<>+-+----. 1.5K 680 0.01 3.2 II L 1/4 M4.7AZ 0.01 ~ MOSSBAUER EFFECT measuring system devised by Elron of Haifa FLY BACK TIMING SOLID STATE pulse-height discriminator by Elron PRINT COMMAND ANALOG OUT SCALER DIGITAL OUT ANALOG OUT DIGITAL OUT YAGI antennas under construction at Moshe Bassin HUTS presently housing part of Hebrew University's medic~I school in Jerusalem, hard by the Jordan border CHECKING imported equip· ment at Moshe Bassin's electronics January 17, 1964 29 HALL MODULATORS are inherently compact. Trimmer resistors of Fig. 28 are seen in right view New Uses for Hall-Effect simplicity offset the low efficiency of Hall-effect modulators. Output HALL EFFICIENCY Th main trouble with Hall-effect multipliers at present is their low efficiency. Whether or not this efficiency can ever be substantially raised is problematical , since it depends on a materials constant called the Hall coefficient. The Hall coefficient is much higher for semiconductors than it is for metals but still leaves much to be desired. But efficiency is only one parameter, and Hall multipliers have some important advantages. By ALBERT R. HILSINGER Aircraft Armaments Inc. Cockeysville, Maryland HALL EFFECT DEVICES are useful as modulators since their output voltage is proportional to the product of two input voltages or currents.1· 2· 3· 4 In spite of an inherently low efficiency, Hall-effect multipliers offer the advantages of simplicity and wide dynamic range. Circuit-Hall output voltage, as indicated in Fig. lA, is Eh = (RJ J3 / t) X 10-s volt (1) where R,,, Hall coefficient (a semiconductor ma- 30 = terial constant) in cm3/coulomb, l e = semiconductor element control current in amperes, B magnetic flux density in gauss, and t = semiconductor element thickness in centimeters. Flux density produced in an air gap in a ferromag- netic core operated below saturation can be expressed as (2) = = where N = number of turns in coil wound on core, I b coil current in amperes, and Lu length of air gap in core in centimeters. Substituting Eq. 2 for B in Eq. 1 and combining constants yields Eh= KIJb (3) where K = 0.4 TrN R,, X 10-sIt L9· Thus the Hall voltage is a true product of two ap- plied currents. If the currents are expressed in terms of the voltages which produced them Eh= K'E,Eb (4) = = where K' KI R e R b, and R e resistance of control- current input circuit and R b = resistance of field- current input circuit. Modulation-If the two inputs are sinusoids Ee = Eoe cos w0t and Eb = Eob cos wet, the resulting output product is Eh / K' = E,E b = E 0 ,Eob cos w,t cos Wbt (5) = Letting E 0e Eob E0 and applying the appropriate trigonometric identity Eh/ K' = (E./2)[cos (w, + wb)t + cos (w, - wb)t) (6) If Ee is a carrier frequency and E 0 a modulating + signal, Eq. 6 represents a modulated wave. The equa- tion has two sideband terms, (we wb) and (we - January 17, 1964 electronics WAVEFORM of pulse-modulator output for 5-kc output WAVEFORM of pulse-modulator output for 5-kc output Modulators Dynamic range down to d-c and circuit is a suppressed carrier signal, a true product of the two inputs wb) and no carrier term (a term in we only) . Thus the resulting output is a suppressed carrier or balanced modulator signal; the Hall-effect multiplier is inherently a balanced modulator. Applications-A number of applications employing Hall-effect modulators have been investigated and three will de described. In all cases the same basic physical construction was used. A rectangular indium arsenide (lnAs) element is cemented to a ferrite disk and then lapped to the desired thickness. Four electrical connections are made to the semiconductor element as shown in Fig. lB. The ferrite disk-semiconductor element assembly then becomes an integral part of the magnetic structure, as shown in Fig. 1C. The magnetic field through the semiconductor element is produced by a current flowing in a coil wound on a bobbin which is mounted around the center ferrite post of the assembly. In one application a carrier frequency of approximately 1-Mc is modulated with a fixed frequency of 400 cps. Theoretically, either signal could be applied to either input. The practical choice, however, is to use the carrier frequency as the control current and the 400 cps as the magnetic-circuit drive, as shown in Fig. 2A. Core losses in the ferrite material used would be high at 1-Mc whereas the semiconductor element is essentially a pure resistance. The magnetic field coil is then series resonated to minimize the input power. Output is applied to a load of approximately 15 pf. Since input frequencies are fixed, it is possible to resonate the capacitance with a high-Q inductance that is link-coupled to the output of the Hall-effect multiplier. With no modulating voltage applied, but with maxi- electronics January 17, 1964 MAGNETIC FIELD CURRENT ----, SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT le - ,,.....--+---. CONTROL CURRENT (A) OU TPUT,EH OUTPUT VOLTAGE CONNECTIONS LOWER FERRITE PLATE CONTROL CURRENT CONNECTIONS (Bl '°'";HI,~ e:~:':,~s~" "'" MAGNETIC FIELD FERR ITE RING CURRENT WINDING LOWER FERRITE PLATE "'"""CERRO.CUBE 3C3 ; (Cl :CONOUCTOe ECE'f" OUTPUT OF HALL-effect device (A) is a voltage proportional to the product of control current and magnetic flux. Electrical connections to semiconductor block (8) and cross section of multiplier (C). The magnetic circuit is operated in its linear region to keep saturation nonlinearities from affecting the output-Fig. l 31 mum carrier input, the output voltage is nulled with R1· This minimizes the in-phase component of what is generally called the zero-field voltage. This voltag.e also contains a quadrature component that is eliminated by adjusting C1 . After potentiometer R 1 is adjusted, maximum modulating signal amplitude is applied and C, is adjusted for zero output at the points of modulation envelope cross-over. In many Hall-effect modulator applications the leakage component inductively coupled from the magnetic field to the output must be removed. In this application this component was eliminated by the narrow-band output circuit. Modulator output voltage is linear within one percent of full scale from zero to peak-field excitation of ± 12 ampere-turns. With 850 milliwatts of carrier power and peak-field excitation of 12 ampere-turns, a modulated 100 volts peak-to-peak was obtained. The output could be increased by using a multiplier ferrite core material with a higher saturation flux density or by using a higher Q output transformer. A SO-percent increase in output level could be achieved with presently available optimum core materials for both multiplier and output transformer, with no increase in input power. Pulse Circuit-Jn a second application a Hall-effect multiplier was used to produce bursts of audio-frequency signals, is indicated in Fig. 2B. Audio response of the unit is from d-c and is down 3db at 20 kc ; there is no low-frequency cutoff. Pulse input requirements are one ampere peak at a maximum duty cycle of 0.1. For lower duty cycles peak current can be increased, with the restriction that the average pulse power dissipated in the semiconductor element does not exceed 2 watts. Resistor R, provides the audio bandwidth and matches the audio input to a particular voltage source. Resistor R~ matches the pulse input to a 50-ohm pulse source. Potentiometer R:1 is adjusted for minimum pulse output with no audio applied; potentiometer R 4 is adjusted for minimum audio output between pulses. For both R a and R 4 , infinite resolution trimming potentiometers are used. Results obtained with one-ampere peak pulses and 10 volts rms audio input include an output of 350 mv peak-to-peak, with the output more than 65 db down between pulses. The audio input could be increased to 100 volts rms without distortion, giving an output of 3.5 volts peak-to-peak. But the audio rejection between pulses would be degraded by approximately 20 db. Al so, the peak pulse current could be increased in accordance with the power restrictions mentioned. Operation at greater pulse amplitudes with the audio input voltage held constant would improve audio rejection between pulses. For maximum audio rejection under any conditions, the pulse source should not have a d-c output level between pulses. Oscilloscope photographs of the output waveforms of the modulator are shown and also the unit packaged as a plug-in module. In a variation of the device, a pulse repetition rate higher than the audio frequency was used . Output characteristics are similar to those of the preceding modulator. If a number of pulses per cycle of a udio are desired , the audio range is restricted by the pulse requirements. For example, at one ampere peak pulse current, if the pulse width is 10 microseconds and the duty cycle is 0.1, the maximum prf is l 0 kilocycles. For ten pulses or more per cycle of audio under these conditions, the maximum audio frequency is one kilocycle. By reducing the peak pulse amplitude, a higher duty cycle could be employed, thereby allowing higher audio frequencies. A possible application for this mode of operation is the detection of low-frequency magnetic fields. The physical construction previously described could not be used; instead, the magnetic field would be applied to the semiconductor element with flux collectors or magnetic antennas. Other modulator applications covering a wide range of frequencies have been described in the literature.5· 6· 7 The potentially rugged simplicity, low cost, and wide dynamic range of the Hall-effect modulator 1make it ideal for a wide range of applications where a true-product, suppressed-carrier device is required. REFERENCES (l)W. A. Scang a, A. R. Hi!blnger , and C. M. Barrack, H a ll El'fec t Multipli er s, El ec trnni cs, July 1 5, 1960, p 64 . ( 2) G. L. K eiste r , A Co mpact Multiplier Puts The H a li Effect to Work, Control Engineer i ng, Nov., 1955, p 94 . ( 3) R. P . Chasmar and E . Cohen, An Electrical Multiplier Utilizing Th e H a ll Effec t In Indium Arse nide, Elec th ca l Eng i nee1·ing, N ov., 195 8, p 661. ( 4) G . S. Glinski a nd J . P. Landolt, Theor y a nd P ractice of H a ll Effect Multipli er s, 1961 TRE I nternationa l Convention R ecord, Pai·t I I . ( 5 ) Armo ur R es earch F o und a t ion of Illi nois Inst. of T echnology, "Instrumenta tion a nd Measurem ent Techniques Study", Sig n a l Corps Contract No. DA 36 -03 9 SC-78269 , Qua r terl y Progr ess R e port N os. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 a nd 8. (6) E. Coh en, Hall Effect Multiplier for U se a t R adio F requen c ies , Elec t ro nic Engineering. 32 p 5 58, 1 9 60 . (7) E . Coh e n, An Improved R a di o Freq u e n cy H a ll E ffec t M odul a t or , El rctronic E ng i11 ee1·in g , 34 p 31fi , 1 962. ffi Hq, M ODU~~TION 4 00 CPS .-------~l~ , AUDIO IN ..L OUT CARRIER IN-1 MC PULSE IN (A) BALANCED MODULATOR ( 8) PULSED AUDIO MODULATOR BALANCED-MODULATOR circuit (A) with low frequency applied to the inductive magnetic circuit and high frequency applied to the resistive semiconductor. Pulse-driven circuit (B) can produce pulses of audio or an audio signal sampled at a high pulse rate-Fig. 2 32 January 17, 1964 electronics osc 400 CPS FILTER AMPL FILTER 75 MC RF MIX 1-F DRIVER 1,300 CPS FI LT ER 3,000 CPS Fl LTE R AMP L AMPL AG C DRIVER AUDIO AMPL AUDI 0 SOLID-STATE design uses automatic gain control, temperature stabilization and mismatch techniques for high-reliability performance. Power consumption is 12 v, 150 ma on receive, and total weight is 2 pounds as a lab model-Fig. 1 Light-Airplane Marker-Beacon Receiver Silicon transistors, combined with modern design techniques make this complete ly solid-state marker-beacon receiver a high-performance, compact unit for small-aircraft owners By JAM ES G. ROBERTSON, Research Asst., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash. MARKER-BEACON RECEIVER controls mount on instrument panel 6% by 1112 by 1112 in. deep. Receiver is mounted in tail GENTLEMEN FLIERS There are over 85,000 general aviation aircraft in the U. S., with the number increasing every year. Recent estimates are that some 81-percent of those aircraft have at least a radio, but few have any of the radio-navigation devices needed for practical air safety. Present equipment hasn't reached the stage of mass buying by the light-plane owner. Solid-state designs featuring high reliability at a low price are the key. Here is a design with a per· formance said to be superior to light-aircraft equipment presently available, yet not as elaborate as devices for heavier airplanes THIS RECEIVER is a component of an airplane's instrument landing system (ILS). As the airplane makes an ILS approach it follows a radio beam radiating from the end of the runway which defines both horizontal and vertical position. To obtain distance from touchdown three marker beacons are spaced along the approach path. As the aircraft passes over a marker beacon transmitter, the airplane's receiver responds with an indicator light and audible tone. The first beacon, blue, approximately five miles from touchdown, has a 400-cps modulated tone. The middle marker, amber, about one and onehalf miles from touchdown, is modulated at 1,300-cps. The last marker, on the end of the runway, white, is 3,000-cps. Fan markers, 3,000-cps, are also located on airways to aid navigation. All beacons use the same carrier frequency, 75-Mc, and all modulations are 95-percent. The beacon transmitters are low power, requiring the receiver to be sensitive to provide the desired 15-seconds response. Receiver selectivity must be high to both separate the small desired signal from the relatively large neighboring frequencies, and eliminate spurious responses, a common source of trouble with marker beacon receivers. Because of narrow bandwidth, receiver center frequency must be accurate for all levels of automatic gain control and tempera- electronics January 17, 1964 33 ture variations, and requires temperature stabilization. To pinpoint the aircraft's position, the light threshold level should be independent of temperature and age levels. Operation-The system is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. One problem in receiver design is the close proximity of the channel-5 television carrier, 77.25-Mc., to the 75-Mc carrier frequency. To avoid first stage saturation by signals and eliminate much spurious response, a narrow bandpass filter is used before the first stage. A separate crystal-controlled oscillator provides stability and dependability. Four stages were necessary in the intermediate-frequency section (i-f) to get desired selectivity. A large amount of interstage mismatch is used for high inherent stability and also to reduce gain. A single r-f stage provides isolation of the local-oscillator from the antenna, while giving about 6-db gain which approximately replaces the power lost in the input filter. Also, the r-f stage is used in the age circuit. Following the detector is a twostage driver with automatically variable gain which provides most receiver age. Variable gain control is by a dynamic emitter-feedback circuit. Variable feedback oontrols the gain of the system, independently of the i-f strip, for no variation of i-f center frequency, bandwidth, or indicator threshold level with age. A two-position feedback control varies both sensitivity and indication time. The age provides enough control to accommodate signal strengths from 300-/.tv to 50-mv. The lamp signals are separated by tuned-emitter by-pass filters which feed the lamp power circuits. Input Filter-The input-filter rejects the TV channel-5 carrier, 77.25-Mc. This required a narrowbandpass filter of optimum design. A 4-pole butterworth filter designed specifically for this use produced nearly the theoretical 48-db down at 77.25-Mc. 1 · 2 This was proved in operation near the channel-5 antenna while on the ILS approach to Boeing Field, Seattle. Neutralization-In the r-f, local-oscillator, and i-f stages Fairchild sili- 34 con, planar, diffused transistors were used because of low l cbo (0.3-/.ta), high cutoff frequency, and low internal feedback capacitance. The 2N916 gives a beta cut-off of about 400-Mc, which provided good gain at 75-Mc. Emitter degeneration is used to give some age at large signal levels. A low-Q tuned-circuit avoids introducing too much detuning and distortion by the variation of junction capacitance during the application of age. Neutralization is used with the transformer designed to match the load to the output impedance of the transistor. A mismatch design destroys too much gain to be used at this high frequency. The 180 degrees phase shift for the neutralization power is obtained by tapping the transformer. This gives least chance of device failure from component aging. Biasing-The biasing arrangement of all critical stages is of commonemitter design3. The circuits are designed for a stability factor of four Uc = 4 I,.b0 ). This is done by having the equivalent series base resistance approximately five times as great as the emitter resistor. The other major source of temperature variation, change in emitter resistance, is compensated for by a silicon diode with temperature characteristics similar to those of the emitterbase diode in the transistor. The diodes are installed so that they equalize the effects of the transistor emitter resistance variation. The temperature variation of base bias voltage is approximately the same as the emitter base junction; the bias level remains essentially constant. Local-Oscillator-The crystal-controlled oscillator is stable with a variation of only 2-kc over the voltage range encountered.~ The 15-pf capacitor, in series with the crystal, compensates for the phase shift in current gain (beta) at oscillation frequency. The feedback turns ratio was picked to supply the feedback voltage necessary when considering the drops across the crystal resistance and the feedback capacitor. The crystal and transistor are both neutralized to eliminate all feedback paths except that through the crystal. The oscillator signal is injected to the mixer through an impedance matching capacitor of 2.2-pf, for high output impedance and maxi- mum isolation between circuit and oscillator.5 The local-oscillator frequency is 68.75-Mc; i-f is 6.25-Mc. Mismatching-Transistors, even of the best quality, have considerable capacitance between terminals. At high frequencies this capacitance introduces enough feedback to cause oscillation and interaction between input and output impedance variations . This design has 10-db of mismatch per stage, giving no tendency for oscillation and almost complete isolation of stages during alignment. It would have been possible to achieve more gain from the i-f strip by using less mismatch and partial neutralization; however, mismatch provides more reliability. The mixer is biased well on the knee of the emitter-base diode characteristic to give the necessary nonlinear (second order) input impedance for mixing. The high-frequency gain at the low bias level is much less than the i-f gain, so the stage serves as an i-f amplifier but blocks the high-frequency components produced by mixing. AGC-The light output circuits will not tolerate much overdriving before cross talk is experienced. To avoid this, and at the same time accommodate the large signal strength variations encountered in operation, a strong age is required . Emitter degeneration age could have been used on the first couple of i-f stages, but variation of the bias point would have changed the reactive output and input impedances of the transistors, in turn changing the resonant frequency of the interstage tuned-network. The change would have introduced distortion of sufficient magnitude to create spurious responses. To make the age completely independent of the i-f strip, and to avoid distortion, variable emitter-feedback is used in the two-stage driver. This is done by a diode in series with the a-c emitter bypass. The diode bias level is varied by the age signal, thereby controlling the feedback and gain of the stage. The less bias on the diode the higher its small signal impedance, which in turn increases input impedance of the stage and reduces gain. At extremely large signal levels the last stage of the i-f tended to January 17, 1964 electronics ,-----,or---112pF ___ IF----- , I I I I I :+14V I I I L INTERMEDIATE FREQU ENCY I. F. 6.25 MC R.F. 75 MC L. 0. 68.75 MC (K' X 1,000) 2.2K 15K 62k 4.7K 2N5 08 TO AUDIO AMPS N0.3 30 WL 68 R, N0.33 0 BL WK 2.2K COMPACT design and layout features audio stage able to drive a multiple amplifier system. Indicator lights peak when over a marker beacon transmitter to aid in pinpointing position on airways or on an instrument-landing approach-Fg. 2 introduce distortion. To eliminate this, the age circuit was tailored to provide emitter degeneration on the r-f stage at large signal levels only. The age current flowing to the r-f stage reduces bias level and gain. A remote-controlled, two-position feedback circuit is used in the driver to control the sensitivity of the receiver. This varies threshold from 500-µv to 2,000-µv Audio--The simple one-stage audio driver with volume control provides sufficient power to drive several amplifiers in a multiple system. The emitter bypass has an adjustable feedback control allowing adjust- electronics January 17, 1964 ment of output level to match the particular system to which it is connected. Lamp-Filters-Tuned-emitter bypass is used on germanium transistors to filter the signals which operate the separate indicator lights. Output of the filter stage is rectified and smoothed to d-c, which drives the two-stage d-c amplifier powering the lamps. The filters have relatively low Q which, because of the small separation of the frequencies, requires the input level to the filters to be held constant to a maximum value to prevent crosstalk. This type of output system allows the pilot to more accurately pinpoint his position because of brightness peaking of the lamps as he flies over the beacon transmitter. REFERENCES 1. International Telephone and Teleg raph Corporatio n, Reference Data For Radio Engineers, Stratford Press Inc., New York, :"<. Y., 1962. 2. Ernst A. Guillemin, Synthesis of Passive Networks, J ohn Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1937. 3. Maurice V . .Joyce ancl Kenneth K. Clarke, Transistor Ci rcuit Analysis, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass.. 1 961. 4. Brian L. Jones, A 108 mc/ s Crystal Controilecl Transistor Oscill ator, Application Data Fairchild Silicon Transistors, App-19, Fairchild Semiconductor, 1061. 5. Harry F. Cooke, Designing Television Tuners with Mesa Transistors, Design Manual for Transistor Circuits, ed. John M. Carroll. McGraw-Hill Book Company. Inc., New York, N. Y. 1961. 35 electronics - -REFERENCE SHEET----- - - - - - - -- - - - r--- --r-+--+--t-11-t-H-11--- -+-+----1r-;-1-1--'1w1AV ECu1oE s1zE...±::~-+-+-++-H 1w wu... 0 0 ~1" o.o,o..__ _.J,.._--l---L---'-..J...J....L...11..J..o_ o _...J...___J_L-J......LLL1,UOL-O_ O _~ L;!i.._l.__L....L.L.1...J.1.lJ0,000 AVERAGE POWER (KW) Temperature Rise in Rigid Waveguide By T. J. VAUGHAN Manager of Engineering Antenna Systems, Inc. Manchester, N. H. DESIGNERS of waveguide components must be concerned with the temperature increase above ambient due to the average power. Knowing the average power in watts, the temperature rise above ambient of the waveguide can be quickly determined from the graph. The heat is generated because of the power lost due to the attenuation of the guide. The calculations are based on a 2: 1 aspect ratio and material emissivity of 0.5. By plotting, attenuation of that waveguide is the bracketed figure on the right. Because the attenuation varies for different materials available, the most common material used for the respective wave- 36 guide size have been selected from: WR 2300 to WR 650 Aluminum 6061 T6; WR 430 to WR 284 Commercial Aluminum; and WR 187 to WR 90 Brass. plied charts or available handbooks. Once attenuation is known, temperature rise can be determined for the average power in question from the above chart. Data-The temperature rise plot represents averages: on the 30 and 70 F plots, for example, the slash line shows how the temperature varies within a waveguide size as a function of frequency . For example, in WR-975, operating 755 to 1120Mc, attenuation varies from 0.115db at 1120-Mc to 0.18-db/ 100 ft. at 755-Mc. For the higher temperature this represents a worst case since natural convection was assumed, for example even the small- · est amount of forced convection will drop the temperature. For any given waveguide size, from the operating frequency the attenuation per unit length can be determined from manufacturer sup- Example: WR-975 at a frequency of 755-Mc and an average power of 100-Kw. From charts or handbook the attenuation is 0.18-db/ 100 ft. Laying a straightedge on the chart at this attenuation gives a temperature rise of 35 F above ambient. This data, confirmed by myself in the 0.08db/ I 00 ft and 1 megawatt region and by MIT-Lincoln Laboratory in 0.3/1 00 ft and 50 Kw region, can be useful to those who are unaware that with the high average powers now ava ilable (and required in satellite communications) there can be a serious temperature problem. This could limit the system noise temperature on a low noise tracking system. CIRCLE 37 ON READER SERVICE CARD-+ The advanced NEW CEC 5-133 DataGraph® Recording Oscillograph Combine the virtues of all the oscillog raphs you've ever used, then compare them with the 5-133 DataGraph. The versatility, performance and convenience advantages o f the 5-133 will be obv ious immed iate ly. The design speaks for itself. The 5- 133 DataGroph Oscillogroph ro ck-mounted or bench-mounted - is a direct-writing in str ument producing 36 o r 52 cha nnels of data on a 12-i nch-wide light-sensitive paper. It easily fulfi lls and surpasses the most demanding technological requirements . Important Features STATIC MAGN ETIC REGULATED LAMP POWER SUPPL Yprovides proper power to lamp regardless of input voltage voriotions, allows start / restart times of less than one second. SLOT-EXIT CA PABILITY - up to 160 inches-per-second. ADJ USTABLE G RID LINE INTENSITY - continuously variable vernier control. TIMING LINE G ENERATOR -electronically flashes timing lines at intervals of 10, 1, 1/ 10, l / 100 and 1/ 1000 second. Every 10th line accented. RECOR D/ EVENT NUMBERING - selected by front panel switch. AUTOMATIC RECORD LENGTH CONTROL - continuously variable from 0 to 15 feet; mu ltiplie r extends ro nge to 0 to 150 feet. TWELVE RECO RD ING SPEEDS - pushbutton selectable speeds of .1, .4, .8, 1, 1.6, 4, 8, l 0, 16, 40, 80, and 160 inches-per-second. TRACE IDENTIFI CATION - optical trace interruption and trace number ing. VIBRAT IO N ISOLATION - four isolator mounts on recorder and four on the drive motor / transmission assembly. GALYO LIGHT INTENSITY CONTROLS - manual and automatic controls provide optimu m trace quality for each galvanome ter block. FILTER ED AI R COOLING - cools an d pressur izes the opt ica l module for maximum clean liness. MODULE CO NSTRUCTION - all major modules removable as single assemblies. For additional information on this outstand ing new instrument, coll your CEC soles and service office or write for Bulletin CEC 5133. C-EC Doto Recorde'5 Division CONSOLIDATED ELECTRODYNAMICS A Subsidiary of Bell & H owell· Pasadena, Calif. 91109 International Subsidiaries, Woking, Surrey, England a nd Frankfurt /Main, Germany. 8 more reasons for buying CEC DATA FLASH TRANSPORT Rapid lotensificotion is possible with the DATA FLASH Transport and lamp. Simultaneously, it applies heat and high actinic light to produce a lotensified oscillogrom at recording speeds to 16 ips. Dato is available in less than one second ofter it occurs. HI SPEED TRANSPORT Standard print-out recording is accomplished by the Hi-Speed Transport providing 12 pushbutton selectable recording speeds from. l to 160 ips. Latensification is accomplished by ambient room light (fluorescent) or the use of the Accessory Latensificotion Lamp Assembly. REMOTE CONTROL UNIT The Remote Control Unit provides operation of the 5-133 from distances up to l 000 feet. Complete remote control of all electrical functions is possible - including speed selection, power ON / OFF and recording lamp ON / OFF. LATENSIFICATION LAMP ASSEMBLY The Latensification Lamp uses four 8-watt cool white fluorescent lamps to latensify slow-speed recordings on the Hi-Speed Transport. A readable record is immediately available up to 4 ips. AMBIENT LIGHT SHIELD The Ambient Light Shield permits record ing with no latensificati on, allowing the record to be chemically processed for maximum contrast needed for oscillograms of archival quality. TYPE 5-1 24 RECORDING OSCILLOGRAPH A portable, low-cost oscillograph for print-out process recording. The 5-124 weighs only 40 lbs. and features pushbutton control with fast, easy loading. Uses standard CEC galvanometers and is available in 6-, 12-, or 18-trace types. Records ore 7" wide. (Bulletin 5124) C-EC Dale Recorders o;v;s;on CONSOLIDATED ELECTRODYNAMICS A Subsidiary of Bell & Howell· Pasadena, Calif. 91109 International Subsidiaries, Woking, Surrey, England and Frankfurt /Main, Germany. TYPE 1-162A GALVANOMETER DRIVER AMPLIFIER CEC's Type l-l62A Galvanometer Driver Amplifier is a solid state, low-gain, wide-band D-C power amp lifier designed to drive high frequency light beam galvanometers. Features include individual plug-in amplifiers, l to 7 channels per case . Separate input and output connectors. High maximum source impedance. Output zeroing control. Case can be portable or rack mounted. (Bulletin 1162) TYPE 1- 155 D-C AMPLIFIER The CEC Type l-155 D-C Amplifier is o solid stole, chopper-ty pe, precision instrumentation amplifier desi g ned to handle low- level, wide-band signals produ ced by grounded or ungrounded tran sducers. A single-ended design provides a greater degree of reliability than the more complex circuitry required by conventional differential amplifiers. Features include high-line isolation, wide-band frequency response, excellent linearity and low noise and drif t. (Bulletin 1155) WHAT RELIABILITY can do, said R. E. Kirby, of Westinghouse (left) is trade higher initial cost for lower maintenance cost. It won't advance state of the art, said D. C. Minton, Jr., of Battelle Memorial Institute (right), but it will help prove out existing states Hanover Fair Market Place for World Trade RELIABILITY OUTLOOK: Numerical Specs Soon Military will set criteria for costs, too; industry acceptance is growing By WARREN KORNBERG McGraw·Hill World News WASHINGTON - It was evident last week at the Tenth National Symposium on Reliability and Quality Control that reliability concepts born in the electronics industry are coming of age. The signs are broad acceptance in a range of industries, now growing to include consumer products as well as military and industrial, and a less defensive attitude on the part of reliability engineers. They absorbed last year's blasts at industrial unreliability by Vice Adm. Hyman G. Rickover and this year are seeking ways to tell the Defense Department and other customers that reliability is available-at a price. With maintenance costs estimated as high as 1,200 percent of electronic equipment purchase price, the military is not only willing to pay more initially for reliability, but is beginning to set quantitative criteria for reliability and its costs. To help contractors meet the stiffer demands, pilot programs to rapidly disseminate reliability data are being set up. Maintenance Too Costly-"What a false economy," said Westinghouse Engineering vice president R. E. Kirby, "to buy a piece of equipment for $1 million, which costs $15 million over its useful life, as opposed to paying initially $2 million for equipment which requires only $5 million for its upkeep." The cost of upkeep is beginning to disturb the Defense Department and it is coming to realize that reliability - with the attendant test, inspection and supervisory programs-will cost. Maintenance costs on today's systems have risen to the point where they represent almost 30 percent of Air Force's budget ($20 billion in fiscal 1963), Air Force Systems Command vice commander, Lt. Gen. Howell M. Estes, Jr., told the symposium. Maintenance of some military electronics systems were estimated by K. A. Frederiksen, reliability assurance branch chief of Douglas Aircraft's Space Systems Center, to run between 60 percent and 1,200 percent of initial cost. Important in Contracting-Industry and government spokesmen reject the proposition, still widely held however, that reliability is just a homely virtue that any craftsman or contractor worth his salt would deliver. As cost-plus-fixed-fee ,_aerospace contracts in the last year have dropped from 38 to 22.7 percent of all procurement contracts, in favor of cost-plus-incentive-fee contracts, interest in criteria for incentives and The Hanover Fair 1964 will have 5500 exhibitors located in 24 buildings and a total display area of 6,372,000 sq.ft. The Hanover Fair displays ma· terials, equipment and mochin· ery from 25 countries for 10 days each year. The Hanover Fair exhibits are arranged strictly according to product category-convenient, timesaving. The Hanover Fair is a place for market analysis and direct soles negotiations. The Hanover Fair is the world's largest international trade fair. The Hanover Fair is mony things. A visit will be a profitable one, April 26-May S Hanover, Germany For information, room reservation forms ond tickets, phone 212 - JU 2-7788 or write: GERMAN AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE New York: 666 Fifth Avenue Chicago: 77 East Monroe St. +-CIRCLE 38 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 39 ON READER SERVICE CARD 39 Dun co REED LOGIC High speed ... long life reliability ... for ··. 6. flip-flops 6. binary counters 6. bina ry-to-digita I converters 6 shift registers 6 ring counters 6. bi-directional counters 6 read-out circuits ... or as part of your present projecL. They're metal-encased, magneticallyshielded, epoxy-encapsulated ... for printed circuit mounting ... with electrical or magnetic latching action as required ... contact ratings from low level to 4 VA or 15 VA. For details, write for Dunco Reed Relay Logic Modules Bulletin LB-lA, to: STRUTHERSDUNN, Inc., Pitman, New Jersey. STRUTHERS-DUNN 5,348 Relay Types M ember, N ationa l Allsociation. of R elay il1 anufacturers SALES ENGINEERING OFFICES IN: Atlanta · Boston · Buffalo · Charlotte · Cinci nnati · Cleveland Dallas · Dayton · Encino · Englewood · Houston · Kansas City · Las Vegas · Memphis · Newark New York · Orlando · Pittsburgh · St. Louis · Salt Lake City · San Antonio · San Diego ~ San Mateo Scottsdale · Seattle · Southfield · Wichita · Wilmette. Canadian Licensee: Renfrew Electric Co., Ltd,, Toronto. Export Department: 1505 Race St., Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 40 CIRCLE 40 ON READER SERVICE CARD penalties in the contracts have come under more intensive review. Incentive contracts rose from $4.2 billion to $7 .3 billion during fi scal 1963. "Reliability," says Gen. Estes, "is almost inseparable from any measure of contractor performance." Future government development and procurement contracts are almost certain to contain more and more specific and more and more demanding reliability requirements. While the customer now is seeking ways to identify and specify reliability levels , the supplier is seeking ways to price them. Gen. Estes' promise that "Air Force is going to specify mean times to failure in future contracts" is an approach at one end. The policy may take two to three years to implement fully, he said. since existing follow-on contracts will have to be let on existing criteria. He agrees that identified levels of reliability must have identified prices. Gen. Estes proposes a contractor data bank, where past contractor performance in achieved product reliability levels may well determine a contractor's future relationships with the government. Establishing Criteria-R. 0 . Lyons of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Installations and Logistics noted, "We've done a lot of talking, but there's still a lot of work to develop the concept to a point where we can talk contractually about reliability." This involves principally, said Gen. Estes, establishing objective quantitative criteria for reliability requirements. Air Force, he said . is considering expanding its own proof-testing establishment as well as requiring of contractors specific mean times to failure at all levels up through subsystems. "At systems levels," he said. "studies are being conducted of the value of developing success/failu re ratios based on double or triple th e present number of tests." Reliability Data Net - Gen. Estes cited two new developments to help contractors meet more stringen t demands. A parts data bank, built initially around the substantial reliability of parts employed in the Minuteman January 17, 1964 electronics AIR FORCE Lt. Gen. H. M. Estes, Jr., says demands on contractors will become more specific program, is being established so contractors can have access to parts of proven performance. Guaranteed (100-percent) reliability, said Vice President D. C. Minton, Jr., of BattelJe Memorial Institute, is probably most accessible with common, production-line, off the shelf components. He denied that reliability emphasis will advance any state of the art, but it will act to prove out existing states, while permitting contractors to work to the limits of existing technology. Gen. Estes also cited the new Reliability Central, a communications net, being tested with a few contractors at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. Programs in the past have gone as long as 18 months with unsatisfactory components, he said, despite the fact that somewhere in industry the proneness to failure of the component was known. By urging improved reporting of such data, he said Air Force has reduced the time Jag to two months. "We are after a response time of 24 hours on this and other types of reliability information." Reliability Central, possibly eventually tied into Defense Documentation Center, will expect to receive and store all data on faulty parts for rapid dissemination to interested contractors. Management Acceptance--New reliability techniques were less a feature of this year's symposium than in the past. The greatest growth in the last year, said several military and industry sponsors of the symposium, is management acceptance of the need for reliability in the table of organization. Reliability specialists, once gen- Model SL36-4M 0-36 voe, 0-4 amps Price : $270.00 plus meters All new, low cost, All-Silicon Magitran® "SL" variable power supplies for systems applications. The new Magitran "SL" series provides the high stability, high temperature operation and other benefits of silicon power supplies at costs lower than most available germanium equivalents. These all-new ERA units have been specially designed and priced for systems applications. The use of optional current and voltage meters makes them suitable for general laboratory applications as well. This flexibility plus exceptionally low prices makes these Magitran units your best buy in high current variable power supplies. Write today for new literature. SPECIFICATIONS Input Voltage Range: 105-125 VAC Input Frequency Range: 50-400 cps Regulation Line: :!:0.01 % or 5 mv Regulation Load: 0.05% or 8 mv Long Term Stability: Less than 8 mv, constant line, load and temperature Ripple: Less than 1 mv, RMS Transient Response: Less than 50 µsec Operating Temperature: -2o· c to +65 °C Temperature Coefficient: 0.01% !° C or 2 mv Short Circuit Protection with automatic recovery Automatic Overload Recovery Remote Sensing Parallel and Series Operation Vernier Voltage Control Output Terminals (Ungrounded): Location, rear Reverse Voltage Protection Cooling: Corl'Vection MODEL VOLTAGE VDC CURRENT PANEL SIZE PRICE SL36·2 0-36 VDC 0-2 amps 31/2" x 91/2" $21S. SL36-2 / 2 0-36 VDC Dual 0-2 amps Dual 31/2" x 19" 41S. SL36-4 0-36 VDC 0-4 amps 3112" x 19" 270. SL36-8 0-36 VDC 0-8 amps 51/4" x 19" 335. SL36·12 0-36 VDC 0-12 amps 7"' x 19"' 435. Note: Add $30 .00 and suffix M for current and voltage meters. (Model SL36-2 / 2 add $60.00) Also DC Power Modul es, ln ve rt e1·s, Conve rters, Frequency Changers, Special T est Equipment. EL~~T~.O~IF~cT~~~~c~~~~R !!~?~~~!1~~=te~~~: · SUBSIDIARIES: ERA Electric Co. · Advanced Acoustics Co. · ERA Dynamics Corp. · ERA Pacific, Inc. electronics January 17, 1964 CIRCLE 41 ON READER SERVICE CARD 41 sync parformance plus 83 gear ratios for commercial and industrial projects Motor: 1·%2" dia. x 2%" long weight 13.5 oz. NEW A.C. MOTORS: 94 FEATURES: SURPRISE! Put this new low cost precision industrial motor into your project, get unprecedented torque, and eliminate bulky older-style motors. Gain performance, longer life and save space while you save money, too! Type CFC is a rugged constant speed hysteresis synchronous capacitor motor with MIL spec ancestry, 115 v.a.c., 2 or 4 pole, 60 cps with other frequencies wound on order, 1 or 3-phase. Motors produce 1.25 oz. in. torque at 3600 rpm sync speed, 2.0 oz. in. at 1800 rpm sync speed. Life-lubed ball bearings, grease-lubed geartrain, high starting torque, totally enclosed motor, and instant reversing are standard. Induction rotors and a variety of windings are available. Integral planetary geartrains provide choice of 83 standard ratios, to 60 lb. in. continuous torque. Standard geared speeds range from 900 rpm down to 0.1 rpm. Quantity production makes this high quality motor very competitively priced. This is a designer's motor. Request Bulletin CFC. Globe Industries, Inc., 1784 Stanley Ave. Dayton, Ohio 45404. Area 513 222-3741. 42 CIRCLE 42 ON READER SERVICE CARD ~ IOt--., 5.0 ~ 1'-- 1.01::---+---l---+---l'"<s::-----l-l 0.51-----+---l---1---+-----''+--I 0.1'--..L...J,,..J,.Ll.,lillJ.JJ..,,.,,,..L...L,-!-~'"~--'-~,J,-'U:!J" 0.0005 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.1 AVERAGE COMPONENT FAILURE RATE ,.o/1000 COMPONENT HOURS AVERAGE FAILURE rate indicates relationship between reliability and cost on this Bell Telephone Labs chart. Reliability people are seeking formulas on which to base contractor incentives erally responsible to production engineers who resisted interruption of their schedules, are now coming into their own directly under the wings of plant managers', with whose authority they can interrupt production schedules in the interest of reliability and product performance. This was generally true in a group of corporations polled, at the symposium including Sylvania, Martin, Westinghouse, Royal McBee and Lockheed. Generally, too, it was a recent development. Sylvania, according to an official, feels it has a first in introducing reliability indoctrination at the producton-line level. And several companies in industries ranging from electronics to typewriter manufacture are including reliability performance along with output in their incentive and award programs. Other Industries - H. E. Chesebrough, Vice President of Chrysler Corp., cited communications advances as one means employed of insuring the quality of its automobiles, in line with the reliability levels necessary to make the recent 5-year, 50,000-mile warrantees workable. Chrysler, Chesebrough said, is currently preparing a random-access computer into which complete service and maintenance information on every automobile sold will be fed, for complete records of performance, reliability and maintenance requirements. Other consumer product firms which reported applying reliability techniques included Underwood, Royal McBee, Winchester-Western (Gun) Division of Olin Mathieson, and Xerox. January 17, 1964 electronics TURN ONE KNOB-you obtain both the approximate setting and the fine resistance adjustments ... in the panel space of only one control. A unique coupling arrangement allows the approximate setting to "idle" when the operator is making the vernier adjustment. More than 123 of total rotation is available for the independent vernier adjustment, thus providing up to 20 times better resolution than is obtainable with a single element control. VERSATILE-All standard tapers and resistances are available to satisfy virtually any control requirement. Can be used as a rheostat or as a modified potentiometer in a three or four terminal circuit. A triple control, having two units locked together with the third unit providing the vernier adjustment, is available where true potentiometer circuitry is required. FAMOUS TYPE .J PERFORMANCE-The exclusive· hot molded resistance element with its built-in stability is a guarantee of long operating life and having a low initial noise level, which is further improved with use. The control is always smooth and during adjustment is completely free of sudden changes or "steps." Try this new TypeJJV control-surprise yourself with the vernier resistance adjustment that is obtainable over a wide range. Allen-Bradley Co., 110 W. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. 53204. In Canada: Allen-Bradley Canada Ltd., Galt,.Ont. ALLEN-BRADLEY TYPE .J HOT MOLDED VARIABLE RESISTORS Type J with encapsulation electronics January 17, 1964 Type JS with line switch Type JJ standard dual unit Type JJJ standard triple unit ALLEN-BRADLEY QUALITY ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS CIRCLE 43 ON READER SERVICE CARD 43 10-Mw Radar Ready For Missile Studies AMRAD's first job will be getting reentry data for terminal defenses Thermal Expansion ~S~t--~~-t--~~--t~~~-t-~~-t-~~~+-r-~-i .E .i40t--~~-t--~~--t~~~-t-~~~-,,,,c.....~+-~~-i ~I J.ot--~~-+-~~--f~~~-t-~~-+~:.-r'--t--~~-1 c .2 ~2 01--~~-+-~~--f----::"'7"'--::*"'~--"~~;_:;__~+---'-'-'-'---i a. .:l ..... 101--~~-+--,,.;:~'""'-t-=- -=+-~~-+~~~.i-~~---i 0 100 200 300 400 Temperature in °c 500 600 NIRON ~ 52 NOMINAL ANALYSIS: 29% Nickel, 17% Cobalt, 0.3% Manganese, Balance-Iron Rodar matches the expansivity of thermal shock resistant glasses, such as Corning 7052 and 7040. Rodar produces a permanent vacuum-tight seal with simple oxidation procedure, and resists attack by mercury. Available in bar, rod, wire, and strip to customers' specifications. Temperature Range 30° To 2oo·c. 30 300 30 400 30 450 30 500 Average Thermal Expansion · cm / cm/°Cx10·7 43.3 To 53.0 44.1 51.7 45.4 50.8 50.3 53.7 57.1 62.1 COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR EXPANSION *As determined from cooling curves, after an- n ea Ii ng In hy- drogen hour at f9o0r0°once. and for 15 min- utes at 1100 · C. NOMINAL ANALYSIS: 51% Nickel, Balance-Iron For glass-to-metal seals with Corning #0120 glass. AT WHITE SANDS Missile Range, N. M., last week, one of the world's most powerful radar systems was turned over to MIT Lincoln Laboratory for the study of missile reentry signatures. Among principal features of AMRAD 's superpower klystron transmitter is a unique waveform developed specifically for reentry measurements. Designed for a peak output power of 10 megawatts, AMRAD uses a 60-foot antenna for pencil-beam tracking of reentering missiles and acquisition of crosssection and doppler measurements. AMRAD (Arpat Measurements Radar) was developed by Raytheon Company for the Advanced Research Projects Agency, under an Army Missile Command contract. Arpat, the study of terminal defense against ballistic missiles, is part of Project Defender, a series of possible missile defense concepts. Other Roles ,for AMRAD?-It is believed that the powerful radar will also be used for interception experiments and electronic countermeasures designed to deceive the very same radar techniques embodied in AMRAD. In addition to cross-section and doppler measurements, AMRAD will be employed to measure side views of reentry vehicles and radar enhancement resulting from ioniza- NIROMEP 46 NOMINAL ANALYSIS: 46% Nickel, Balance-Iron For vitreous enameled resistor terminal leads. NIROMET" 42 NOMINAL ANALYSIS: 42% Nickel, Balance- Iron For glass-to-metal seals with GE #1075 glass. CERAMVAR NOMINAL ANALYSIS: 27% Nickel, 25% Cobalt, Balance - Iron For high alumina ceramic-to-metal seals. Call or write for Sealing Alloy Bulletin WILBUR B. DRIVER CO. NEWARK 4, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A. IN CANADA: Canadian Wilbur 8. Driver Company, Ltd. 50 Ronson Drive, Rexdale (Toronto) Precision Electrical, Electronic, Mechanical and Chemical Alloys for All Requirements 60-FOOT ANTENNA provides pencil beam for tracking reentering missiles 44 CIRCLE 44 ON READER SERVICE CARD January 17, 1964 electronics tion beating during reentry. The radar's prime mission is to obtain basic reentry physics measurements of ballistic missiles. Thus it will supplement two other facets of Lincoln Laboratory's work in defense against ballistic missiles: the reentry physics studies underway at Wallops Island with powered reentry rockets; and technical management of Project Press (Pacific Range Electromagnetic Signature Studies). 1--KNOWS HOW TO I Small Antenna Plugs In Isolated Areas to Syncom ANTENNA is air-inflated SMALL, TRANSPORTABLE ground terminal for the Syncom communications satellite is now being tested by the Army Satellite Communications Agency. The demonstration model, built by Hughes, consists of three units: a 15-foot antenna, communications hut 6 by 8 feet. and power supply. The 5-ton system will transmit and receive telephone, teletypewriter and facsimile. Transmitter is a solid-state, liquid-cooled unit using a klystron converter tube with a power output of 2 or 3 kw. Excess noise temperature of the parametric amplifier is 100 deg; it is uncooled, and has two-stage 40-db gain. The receiver is a phase-locked f-m tracking receiver with two i-f bandwiths in the 30- and 10-kc bandwiths, and has an i-f frequency of 30 Mc. British Pick Manager For Polaris Navigation GREAT NECK, N.Y.-Management of the design, manufacture and installation of navigation systems for Brit- electronics January 17, 1964 I I -~KE LINE ~OLTAGt BEHAVE! With an Actne Electric Voltage Stabilizer connected to the supply circuit, output voltage becomes precisely constant regardless of line voltage fluctuation or changes in the load. Voltage regulation is practically instantaneous with response to either undervoltage or overvoltage variation occurring in approx imately 25 milliseconds. Stabi lization is held within l % over a range of 15% line voltage variation. Improved circuitry provides a high degree of wave-form fidelity. Protected automatically against overload or short circuit by its current limiting design. Sturdily constructed, no moving parts, practically no maintenance. A STANDARD DESIGN FOR Ill EVERY APPLICATION Dependable, approved designs are available in ratings from 15 VA to 5 KVA. Secondary voltage outputs of 6.3; 120; 240; 480 volts. SAA-37~0·3055 ·~ :;:;;:::::::::!::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::\\ Engineers and Builders of... · · t~ REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES ;:::: sTAnc POWER REc;T1F1ERs :t 3 11 WATER STREET CUBA NEW YORK ··;::;\ VOLTAGE STABILIZERS I · I =:~:\VOLTAGE REGULATORS .::::: In~COaNnaodrtah:liAnecmRed.E, lTecotrroicntCo,arOpn. tL.td. :::::...·.·························································:::::: ····································································· CIRCLE 45 ON READER SERVICE CARD 45 Standard 0-50 mv output from resistance temperature sensors REC's new resistance bridge system The REC resistance bridge system provides a convenient, ready-made link between resistance temperature sensors and any standard recorder, indicator, controller or computer. It converts the variable resistance of the sensor to a standard 0 to 50 millivolt output signal for any temperature range-calibrated to an accuracy of 0.1 per cent of span. The high signal level is ideal for computer applications. The Kelvin double bridge modification of the conventional Wheatstone bridge increases accuracy by suppressing errors due to variations in lead wire resistance. Model 400 resistance bridges are plug-in modules. Stock units for standard ranges are matched to REC platinum sensors. Models are available to match other sensors, to provide special temperature ranges or outputs, and for differential temperature measurement. Model 410 (single) and 420 (multi-channel) bridge chassis accommodate the plug-in bridges. They incorporate a solid state, regulated 10 volt de power supply operating from 115 volt ac sources. Mounting can be panel, bench or standard relay rack. Write for Bulletin 7632. A complete precision line Rosemount Engineering Company designs and manufac· tures high quality precision equipment in these lines: Air data sensors Total temperature Pitot-static tubes (de-iced) Surface temperature sensors Pressure sensors Immersion temperature Accessory equipment and sensors (including cryogenic) aeronautical research For more information please write for the REC catalog. Specific questions on any temperature or pressure prob· lems are welcomed. SPECIALISTS IN TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 46 CIRLCE 46 ON READER SERVICE CARD ain 's four nuclear-powered Polaris submarines will be handled by Sperry Gyroscope, it was annoanced last week. Initial contract award totaled $4,325 ,000. Final amount is expected to hit $10 million. Subcontractors will be selected from both British and U. S. firms. Great Britain will build the submarines, their atomic power plants and the missiles' nuclear warheads. The missiles, fire control systems and navigation systems will be bought from the U.S. First submarine is expected to be operational in fi ve years. Main elements of the navigation system include SINS (Ship's Inertial Navigation System) which have been built by both Sperry and North American's Autonetics for the U. S. ships; Navdac computer, built by Sperry; navigation control console, built by Sperry; star tracking periscope; a sonar bottom profiler for map making; and radio aids. Sperry will produce the radio navigation gear, navigation data assimilation computers, navigation control consoles, checkout consoles, and high-speed repeater units that transfer navigation data to the missile fire control system. The Mk 84 fire control system (ELECTRONICS, p 61, Oct. 25 , 1963) will be built by General Electric's Ordnance department, Pittsfield, Mass. British Chop Price of General-Purpose Computer LONDON-Basic price of the National-Elliott 803 computer has been chopped by nearly 25 percent from $81,200 to $61,600. The price cut was credited to savings in components and manufacturing. Elliott-Automation makes and markets the 803 for use in scientific research and on-line control. National Cash Register Electronics markets it for data processing. Some 180 have been sold in four years. More than half the production has been for export markets. Ten percent went to the U.S. where the 803 is marketed by Information Systems Inc. The price of peripheral equipment was similarly trimmed. January 17, 1964 electronics Investment Opportunity The tools this young apprentice is learning to make will one day be used to turn out your company's products. A great investment in time, money, effort and faith will have to go into making him productive. Every one of us has a stake in his success-and every one of us must invest something-for on the developing skills of America's young tool-makers depends the continued functioning of all industries. You can protect your investment by joining with other leading American businessmen to promote the Treasury's Payroll Savings Plan for U.S. Savings Bonds. The Treasury Department's Plan helps safeguard the individ- ual liberties, and encourages the industrious and responsible attitudes so necessary for the growth of our economy and the well-being of our society. When you bring the Payroll Savings Plan into your plant-when you encourage your employees to enrollyou are investing in the next generation of America's skilled craftsmen and technicians. You are investing in our future. In freedom itself. Don't pass this investment opportunity by. Call your State Savings Bonds Director. Or write today to the Treasury Department, United States Savings Bonds Division, Washington, D.C., 20226. f. . In your plant... promote the PAYROLL SAVINGS PLAN for U.S. SAVINGS BONDS ~"c ..~ · l'lle U. S. Government does not pay for this advertisement. The TreOSUl'y Department thanks,jbr their patriotism, The Advertising CouncU and this magazine· - - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT--------- - New Lasers Chemically Pumped Chemical pumping yields lighter lasers-continuous action may be possible CHEMICALLY PUMPED LASERS offer promise of higher energyweight ratios than conventional lasers. Chemical pumping eliminates electrical power supply, capacitor bank, and pulse circuits. For example, a 40-lb chemically-pumped lase r could equal or exceed the energy output of a present-day 1,000lb laser, according to a North American Aviation scientist. There are two basic methods for chemically pumping a laser, both under vigorous pursuit by research scientists: by using the 1ight given off by a chemical reaction , or by using the shock wave of an explosion to generate light in a flash tube , which then triggers the laser. The quest is for higher color temperatures, higher efficiency, and matching the chemical light output to the necessary triggering wavelengths. Present chemical lasers have already achieved very high brightness levels considering the very small quantities of chemicals used (typically, 100 mg at Picatinny). North American - Chemicallypumped laser light (Fig. I) has been produced by exploding chemical powders in research at the Los Angeles Division of North American Aviation (ELECTRONICS, Dec. 13 , 64, p 17). Resultant pulse-type lasers yield high energy, and are portable. They also have a potential for continuous laser action, according to John Pierro, principal scientists on the project. Reduction of laser weight was the motivation behind the work, begun in November, 1962. Frequency range of the lasers in the optimum absorption band is 5,000 to 9,000 A using a neodymium-glass rod measuring t in. dia. by SPARKS FLY in all directions as resea rch engi neer at North American Avia· tion checks light output of chemical react ion-Fig. 1 2 in. In the beginning, 3,500 K4,000 K temperatures were achieved using aluminum and sodium perchlorate. Temperatures up to 5,500 K6,000 K were later recorded with combinations of other metals and oxygen. Temperatures of 7,000 K9,000 K are considered possible, with an auxiliary energy converter. Once the feasibility of the experiment had been established, efficiency was increased and higher absorption region temperatures developed . Dopants in the chemical mixture shift energy to that region of the spectrum where it is used. Wasted energy, pumped to the desired absorption band, helps achieve a chemical reaction giving off light enhanced in the absorption band of the neodymium or ruby laser rod. Figure 2 shows the test setup used by North American. Picatinny Arsenal - Successful pumping of lasers by pyrotechnic reactions has been reported by S. Sage, C. L. Smith and P. J. Kisatsky. Brightnesses of the order of 4,300 deg K have been achieved with calcium tungstenate doped with neo- dymium; using zirconium/potassium perchlorate squibs for pumping. Further work, using fuels such as thorium, is expected to result in even higher black-body temperatures. Brightness temperatures for some of the materials tested at Picatinny Arsenal are given in the Table, p. 50. Squibs-The peak brightness of unmodified squibs was approximately 3,700 deg K. Brightness was increased to an average over 4,000 deg K by sealing the squib in a piece of steel with a t -inch sheet of Lucite that both confined the CONFIGURATION first lased by Nort h American scient ists in Decem· ber 1962; a 14.inch by 2-inch neo· dymi um glass rod was used-Fig. 2 January 17, 1964 electronics Produces the ,most complete line of' Optical Shaft-Angle Encoders DIGISEC0 Highest Accuracy Direct Reading Encoders .... Patents Pending · - 1 Arcsecond, Peak and Better DIGISEC achieves highest accuracy in small case sizes with direct reading, continuous outputs - without code ,conversion, gears, brushes or reference rotor. Optical Unit Diameter 2.25" 3.5" 5.5'' 10" Resolution to 40 arcseconds to 10 arcseconds to 2 arcseconds to l arcsecond Outputs available in decimal or natural binary codes. Accuracy is ± l quantum, peak. For example a 2'0 ~ DIGISEC provides resolution of 1.24 arcseconds and accuracy of ± 1.24 arcseconds, peak. Complete system consists of Optical Unit and Translator containing electronics and display. The standard Translator weighs 15 lbs., is 6.5'' x 17" x 7.5", and can be miniaturized. Total input power for standard system is 30 watts. , Bulletin 6310-1. ARCSECTM Highest Accuracy Incremental Encoders Similar to DIGISEC Encoders in resolution, accuracy and size of Optical Unit, but providing incremental output with reduced electronic complexity. Available with direction sensing and zero reset signal. Bulletin 6310-1. DIGISYN ° Direct Reading Encoders for tracking, navigation, sampled data servos, indexing and posi· tioning systems, and other readout applications. CYCLIC CODE 210 to 2" Digits Case Diameter: 3.5 " Bulletin 760-1 C (photo: RD-15) CYCLIC CODE 21 · to 2" Digits Case Diameter: 1O" Bulletin 162-1 (photo: RD-17) NATURAL BINARY 2' to 2" Digits Case Diameters : 2.625 " to 1O" Bulletin 6302-2 (photo: NB-10) DIGITAK0 Incremental Encoders for rate measurement, angle counting, machine control, inertial plat· form systems - available with direction sensing and zero reset signal. MINIATURE SYNCHROMOUNT 2'0 fo 212 Digits Case Diameter: 1.437" Bulletin 6212-1 (photo: Rl-12M) STANDARD SYNCHROMOUNT 2" to 2" Digits Case Diameter: 3.5" Bulletin 861-1C (photo: Rl-20Kl PANCAKE 2" to 2" Digits Case Diameter: 3.5" 1 Bulletin 862-2 (photo: Rl-15Sl Special encoders can be designed to meet particular requirements. Avai lable accessories include Power Supplies and Test and Display Sets. Other Wayne.George products include inertial test systems and fluid bearings. ,1,cI:s',' WAYNE·GEORGE CORPORATION 322 NEEDHAM STREET, NEWTON 64, MASSACHUSETTS (617) 969·7300 electronics January 17, 1964 CIRCLE 49 ON READER SERVICE CARD 49 r·························~ I I I To: ITT INDUSTRIAL LABORATOIUES I I Dept. 61200 I 3700 East Pontiac Street I Fort Wayne, Indiana I I I Please send me additional information on I I D multiplier phototubes. D biplanar photodi· odes. The application I have in mind is: I I I I I I I NAME I I TITLE I I COMPANY I I · I ~ --- - -- ADDRESS CITY I I I ZONE _ _STATE___ I ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I ~ This coupon will bring you data on LASER DETECTORS with single photoelectron sensitivity Deflectable multiplier phototubes with single photoelectron sensitivity; diode phototubes with half naflosecond response and current-carrying capacities linear from one-billionth amp to 50 amps. Characteristics like these-so vital in laser research-are available today in the new ITT line of multiplier phototubes and bi planar photodiodes. These devices, covering the entire spectrum from infrared to far ultraviolet, have pulse-counting characteristics and signal-to-noise ratios superior to any other tube or device now available. ITT photomultipliers have a response range from de to approximately I 00 Mc, a sensitivity extending down to 10-17 watts, a capability of detecting single photoelectrons, and magnetic deflection fo r alignment and tracking purposes. ITT bi planar photodiodes cover a tremendous dynamic range . of currents from J0·9 amps to 50 amps. Their extremely short transit time ofless than ~nanosecond makes possible very high frequency response. If you are working on the fundamental properties of laser radiation or investigating new laser applications, look into ITT's new line of photo detectors. Send in above for complete specifications. ITT Industrial Laboratories, a division ofinternational Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, Dept. 61200, 3700 East Pontiac St., Fort Wayne, Ind. ITT 50 CIRCLE 50 ON READER SERVICE CARD Brightness Temperatures of Various Pyrotechnic Compositions TABLE Composition Brightness Temperature deg K PETN / Borium Nitrate (78 / 22) . ......... PETN Control. . ... . ... Flash Bulbs, commercial. Zirconium / Potassium Perchlorate (57/ 43) unconflned .... Zirconium/ Pota ssium Perchlorate (57/ 43) conflned . . .... Xenon Lamp XF 100 (20 µf, 1,400 volts) . M-48 (Fired into conical hole) . Laser Activating Grid (Zirconium / Potassium) Perchlorate (57I 43) 400 m9 .... 4,300 4,000 3,800 3,700 4,800-5,000 8,000 7,000 4,200 gasses and acted as a window. With gaskets added, the maximum brightness was about 4,900 deg. K. Cylindrical Matrix-One configuration considered promising by the Picatinny researchers is a cylindrical matrix of bridge wires, 44 to the inch, coated with pyrotechnic material (Fig. 3). This configuration was designed to improve simultaneity of burning by multiple ignition. The first trial , using a planar mat11ix, resulted in a brightness of 4,200 deg K at the center of the burning area, but higher temperatures are considered probable. A promising approach for producing higher temperatures-in excess of 5,000 deg K-has been the use of pure-metal-and-oxygen reactions, using pressurized oxygen , triggered by an electric spark. Stanford Research Institute-Basic approach used at SRI was to place a shaped charge under a box with mirrored sides and one transparent end (Fig. 4) . The box was filled with one of the noble gases at atmospheric pressure-in this case argon. The argon output is rich in the shorter wavelengths required to get laser action in terbium and neodymium glass. Xenon flash tubes, commonly used to flash ruby laser crystals, have an equivalent temperature of 5-10,000 deg K. Equivalent temperature of the argon January 17, 1964 electronics source is about 30,000 deg K. When the charge is detonated, the forward shock wave compresses the gas, causing intense radiation, rich in the ultraviolet wavelengths. Because the light pulse is relatively short, a series of mylar diaphragms are placed in the box, parallel to the transparent end. With the gas separated, the shock wave moves into cold gas each time a diaphragm breaks, lengthening the pulse and providing more pump power. Optics-The intense radiation from the box is reflected by a mirror into a mirrored parabolic-shaped collector-a searchlight lens-and concentrated on the laser rod. Three types of laser rods have been used : ruby, terbium borate glass, and neodymium glass. !,_. :·" Iii how to measure ac ratios regardless of quadrature North Atlantic's Complex Voltage Ratiometer is a completely integrated test set for measuring grounded 3 terminal networks. By providing self-calibrated quadrature injedion, the Model CVR-551 permits calibrated meter readings of phase angle up to 30° or 300 milliradians full scale, and, in addition, provides direct readings of in-phase and quadrature voltages. As an added feature, the integral Phase Angle Voltmeter* and AC Ratio Box can be used independently. Abridged specs follow: CONFIGURATION PROPOSED by Picatinny Arsenal scientists surrounds laser rod with pyrotechnic material. Printed circuit matrix ignits pyrotechnc material to produce simultaneous burning-Fig. 3 \~--~-- PLA NE MIRROR LASER ROD STEEL / -M-IR~ ROR F-I-LLED MIRRORED BOX SEARCHLIGHT MIRROR DETONATO R DIAGRAM OF OPTICS used by Stan ford Research Institute scientists in chemically-pumped laser experiments-Fig. 4 electronics January 17, 1964 In-Phase Ratio Range, R1 In-Phase Ratio Error, AR 1 Phase Angle Range, a... . . .000000 to ±1.111110 with full accuracy . 1Oppm (typical for small angles) ... .. ±1.0 to ±300mr. (6 calibrated ranges) ±0.1 to ±30° (6 calibrated ranges) Phase Angle Error, Aa...... ... . ..0.1 mr. or .006° (for lowest ranges) 1Omr. or 1° (for highest ranges) Frequency .... ..... ...... ... ..... .. ..... Any specified frequency, 50cps to 3KC Bandwidth . .... ±5% with full accuracy Phase Angle Voltmeter (used independently)... ... .. ....±2% full scale 300 microvolts to 300 volts (13 calibrated ranges) Inverting AC Ratio Box (used independently) 2 ppm terminal linearity .35f volts (300 volts max.) North Atlantic's CVR* line includes 2 and 3 frequency models. All models available with optional 10 ppm Ratio Box control of quadrature injection. Send for data sheet or contact your local North Atlantic sales repre- sentative now for complete information. *Tradema rk s NOR.TH ATLANTIC industries, inc. TERMINAi.. DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, L. I., NEW YORK· OVerbrook 1-8600 CIRCLE 51 ON READER SERVICE CARD 51 --COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS---------- Standards Proposed for Flatpacks Will be based on form factor preferred for integrated circuits THE SUBJECT of flatpack standardization came up again last week, when Signetics offered the electronics industry their own standard fiat package for integrated circuits (see photo). Signetics selected a 114-inch square package, says unit has necessary mechanical strength to overcome heat sink problems. Materials selected for fabrication were a hard glass (Coming 7052) and gold-plated Kovar. This package is now being produced for Signetics by several suppliers who have been licensed to manufacture and sell it to the industry at large. Industry sources estimate that 60 to 70 percent of all integrated circuits sold today are in the fiatpack configuration. Texas Instruments expects that figure to reach 90 percent in the near future. Efficient-Tl pioneered integrated circuits in 1959. Their primary reason for adopting the flatpack is that it was found to be the most efficient form factor for systems packaging. Moreover, the flatpack permits shorter bonding leads , giving the user a much more rugged device. Also, the tlatpack is easily adopted to the users mechanized assembly to printed circuit boards. Many integrated circuit manufacturers note a trend away from the T0-5 package, towards the flatpack for microcircuits. Most manufacturers agree on the advantages of standardization, but companies do not always agree on whose standards to meet. Sprague Electric believes that flat packages are the preferred packaging for integrated microcircuits because of ease of interconnections, according to Samuel E. Church, marketing manager for integrated 52 SIGNETICS flat package showing embodiment of leads in glass and circuit mounting pad as extension of one lead. Note wide shoulder provided for final seal and microcircuits. Church says, "While our present package is 0.160in. X 0.265-in. in size, we would undoubtedly be amenable to any package this size or larger standardized through the cognizant JEDEC (Joint Electron Device Engineering Council) committee." Motorola selected a fiat form factor as permitting the best package density. They have a ceramic-glass package. "Allowing 20,000 mils of internal mounting area, a t X t-in. package permits five leads to be placed on each of the two sides with 0.50-in. lead spacing", according to spokesmen . "Such a package is expendable to 18 leads if all four sides are to be used . A study of circuits indicated that 18 leads will handle almost all circuit functions", company says. Specifications-According to C. L. Hogan, Motorola believes that industry should and will standardize on package dimensions. However, specific methods of manufacturing a package fitting within industry standard dimensions are as important to the ultimate cost of any operation as are the processing steps by which a monolithic device itself is manufactured. Therefore, Motorola believes that it would be unwise to attempt to regulate the method by which each company actually builds any par- ticular package, providing the package meets external dimensions of a standard configuration. As to the dimensions of the package, Motorola spokesmen say that standardization, desirable as it may be, can ,come only after efficient field experience has indicated that the majority of circuits, present and future, can be handled in one package, optimum as to size, number and arrangement of leads, price and construction. For the present, Hogan suggests that Motorola's approach of providing the specific type of package best suited for the user's requirements, will provide the experience for this necessary evaluation. General Instruments is working on a fiat package made of phenolic resin impregnated with epoxy. Company says it is capable of withstanding 100 percent relative humidity for 72 hours at 75 C. General Electric has tlatpacks with six or twelve leads and custom designs for integrated circuits. Westinghouse has a family of fiatpacks, will develop techniques required for manufacturing packages to specifications. One responsible industry spokesman said "We don't want anyone to go off by their lonesome" on standardization. Packaging standards for microcircuit chips will be worked out by CIRCLE 53 ON READER SERVICE CARD~ FACTS MAKE FEATURES: t Comprehensive overload protection. 2 One selector switch minimizes chance of incorrect settings 3 Polarity reversing switch Additional protection is provided by Model 630-PLK's new transistorized relay circuit. Transistorized overload sensing device does not load circuit under test, eliminating the possibility of damaging circuit components. A special meter shorting feature on "off" position offers high damping when moving tester. The exclusive patented Bar Ring Movement provides self-shielding and is not affected by stray magnetic fields. Wider spread scales, and unbreakable clear plastic window assure maximum readability. Diode network across meter protects against instantaneous transient voltage. TRIPLETT ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY, BLUFFTON, OHIO RANGES DC Volts: 0-2.5-10-50-250-1,000-5,000 at 20,000 ohms/volt. 0-0.25at100 microamperes. AC Volts: 0-3-10-50-250-1,000-5,000 at 5,000 ohms/volt. Decibels : -20 to +11 , + 21, +35, +49, + 61, +75; "O" DB at 1 MW on 600 ohm llne. DC Microamperes: 0-100 at 250 Mv. DC Milliamperes: 0-10-100-1,000 at 250 Mv. DC Amperes: 0-10 at 250 Mv. Ohms: 0-1,000-10,000 (4.4-44 at center scale). Megohms: 0-1-100 (4,400-440,000 at center scale). Output Volts (AC·)~: 0-3-10·50-2.S0-1 ,000 at 5,000 oh~ ms/volt; jack w!th condenser in se~ies ~th AC raoges. . CARRYING CASE Model 639-0S black leather carrying case, built-in stand , Flaps open to permit use of tester in the case. Suggested U.S.A. User Net. ·...··.··....... . ..... . .....$12.10 S'd ,\ : \'.\I.\ ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (J(l\P r llllll"J\f S\ ... lt'llh ~ fa11,1)!t'l1U Ill 1,,, GENERAL TELEPHONE &ELECTRONICS 54 January 17, 1964 electronics CURRENT OPENINGS AT SES-WEST la partial l1s11ng) SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMER Cons ult wi t h S ES eng rneers and adm inrstr at ors to de t ermine operations ana lysrs, sc ience and enginee ring appl ica t ions fo r d igita l computo rs se rvice ... di rect prepa ration of dat a f o r processrng ... fo r m ul at e p rob lems i n compu t ab le fo rm , se lecting best algo ri thms an d meth ods. Pl an, program new systems. BS, M S in M at hema t ics or St ati sti cs with knowledge o f num eri ca l analysrs and d rg it a l co m p ut e r app licat ions. EIVGllVEERS PRODUCT Design powe r d istri bu t ion, co n trol circurts, equ ipme nt layo ut for elec t ronic syste m s. D es ig n circ uit packag ing of electr o ni c c irc uit s for f ab rica ti o n int o fini shed systems. A lso w rll assist with sys t em an d c ust om er acce ptance t est s and b eco m e f amiliar with print ed circuit boa rd processe s. RELIABILITY Perfo rm functiona l, worst ca se, and tr ans ien t and f ailure analyses. Will p redict circ uit ou tputs as a f u nc ti o n o f t im e, o pera ti ng st resses and pa rt para m et ers ... r eco mm en d alt ern at e d es ign s w here nece ssa ry, p rep are reli ability repo rts. Kno wl edge of sem icond uctor devices and th eir appli ca ti o ns in digit al and ana log circuitry desir ab le. ANTENNA Develo p advanced m ediumand hi gh-ga in a nte nn as for SESW es t El ec t ro ni c D ef e n se Sys t e ms. Int eres t in g a nd vari ed w o rk o n both p o rt ab le an d fi xed pos ition a nt e nn as. BSEE Required , Advanced Degree and Experience Desi.rable. SES-West is located on the beautiful San Francisco Peninsula, in an ideal geographical. cultural and social climate. Excellent facilities for SES -West -sponsored advanced courses at nearby Stanford, and other Bay Area universities. For complete information on these and other openings contact : H. J. Sheppard. A prompt. confidential reply is promised. SYLVANIA ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS-WEST DEPT. 260 P.0. BOX 188 Mountain View, California An Equal Oppor1Ur111y Employer electronics January 17, 1964 appropriate JS (Joint Sem1concluctor Committees) of JEDEC. Standardization recommendations on user requirements to committees within Electronics Industries Association (EIA) and JEDEC (Joint Electron Device Engineering Council) will come through the Microelectronic Advisory Committee (MCA), headed up by Ed Keonjian. The MCA is set up to monitor the state of the art on microsystem electronics. Subcommittee MCA-1 encompasses mechanical form factors. The MCA reports will be reviewed by groups represented by all semiconductor manufacturers of integrated circuits and representatives Signetics package - Three firms have passed company's requirements for making the package: Corning Glass Works, Ultra-Carbon Corp., and Glasstite Industries. The gold-plated Kovar mounting pad for the silicon chip is an integral part of one of the leads. Attachment of the chip to this surface with the type of standard gold preform used in the transistor industry automatically provides a means for connection from the common substrate of the circuit to the outside. The internal pattern of the leads with respect to this pad is similar to that of the T0-5 can. After chip attach , the standard techniques of thermocompression ball bonding and microwelding can be used to complete connections between lands on the circuit chip and the tips of the leads expressed within the pocket. The internal lead length in this package is shorter than the T0-5 . Signetics has developed a molded Delrio carrier slide in which the individual packages can be inserted after final seal. The Signetics package meets tests in accordance with MIL-STD-750. Japanese Firm Offers New Micro Packages TOKYO-Mitsubishi Electric says it will produce a series of low-cost microcircuits that are designed for civilian use and packaged in transistor cans. Ten will be thin film circuits with pico transistors and diodes, and two will be integrated circuits. One of the integrated silicon circuits is described as a universal linear circuit matrix containing four npn transistors, four diodes and 27 resistors fabricated by planar techniques. Low value resistors are made during the p base-region diffusion. High-value resistors are made while the n emitters are diffused. This leaves only a 0.5 micron p layer between two n layers. The transistor base region is also 0.5 micron. Sheet resistance of thin p region is 5,000 ohms per square, which is 25 times that of original region. Resistors made from 200-ohm sheet resistance regions are two each 50 ohm, 100 ohm, 200 ohm, 400 ohm, 1 kohm, 2 kohm, and 4 kohm. Temperature coefficient of these resistors is 0 .15 percent per deg C. Resistors made from 5,000ohm sheet resistance regions are two each 2.5 kohm, 5 kohm, 10 kohm, 25 kohm, 50 kohm, 100 kohm and one 200-kohm resistor. Temperature coefficient of these resistors is 0.6 per cent per deg C. High value of temperature coefficient and difficulty of accurately controlling thickness of thin region to control resistance values are drawbacks of this method of obtaining high values. Motor is Dialed For Specific Rpm DIRECT-CURRENT motors, developed by Orbito-Dynamics, Inc. , Cranford, New Jersey, can be dialed for a specific rpm output. Performance characteristics can be varied simply by adjusting a calibrated ring on the motor itself, company says. No additional wiring is required for speed alteration. The adjustment is built into the case. Prototypes have been delivered to meet military requirements. Company president, Marvin Brown, aims for commercial markets, says principle can be applied to any motor having pole piece and commutator. The adjustment alters the pole piece's relationship to the commutator. Company is working on an a-c version which will be ready in February. Orbito now offers two 28-v d-c types : a dual series field motor and a permanent-magnet type. Both weigh 15 ounces or Jess and offer up to 57 ounce-inches of torque. 55 ._-PRODUCTION TECHNIOUES - - - - - - - - - - - - Welder Bonds Smaller Leads LINE- WEL D PRECISION Slr-jCHRONIZED __l_ TIME GEN TRIG'GER GEN PREHEAT WEL D SCR PULSE GEN PREHEAT WELD Single point and a-c pulses weld 1/2-mil leads on 0.003-inch centers PREHEAT WE LD TIME CONTROL PREHEAT WELD AMPLITUDE CONTROL SCR'S A-C RANGE CONTROLLED LINE IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK POSTHEAT WELD WITH ELECTRODE AMPU TUDE CONTROL MONITORING WELD ELECTRODE REGULATED D-C POWER SUPPLY WELD POSTHEAT TIME CONTROL PRECISION TIME GEN WELD POSTHEAT WELD POSTHEAT SWITCH .---s""c'-R--. _L PULSE GEN WELD POSTHEAT WELDER ELECTRONICS provides variable pulse trains by scr's to perform preheat and postheat of weldments. Voltage across electrodes is constantly monitored WELDING of interconnections within integrated circuits with a high degree of reliability poses a problem in production because of the microscopic dimensions involved, says manager Glen Rose of AerojetGeneral's commercial division. To solve their problem of linking micro-size components in an important military satellite, Aerojet's F. R. Sullivan developed a welding machine that includes a special welding tip energized by a synchronously timed train of a-c pulses. Tip Details-The special molybdenum tip consisting of two electrodes separated by a very thin insulator is of such dimensions (0.002 inch) that welding is possible to conductors having diameters of 0.0005 inch. These conductors can be located on centers to 0.003 inch. Pressure on the tip is controlled by the placement of gram weights on the tip. These weights provide force control within a range of 10 to 1,600 grains. The tip can be smoothly adjusted in the x and y axes. After physical contact is made to the work it floats free of the holder and is subject to the pressure of the weights only. Synchronous Timing - A precise control of welding energy that provides identical weld pulses is achieved by the solid-state power supply, says Sullivan. Called synchronous timing, the initial pulse has exactly the same energy value SINGLE POINT includes both electrodes and a tiny insulator. Tip has 0 .002-inch diameter. Gold and silver wires are welded to a thin -film (gold on chrome on glass) circuit l CIRCLE 201 ON READER SERVICE CARD New! MINIATURE AXIAL FANS with up to 4 times greater cooling efficiency! FULLY GUARANTEED FOR 10,DDD HRS.UNDER NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS Characteristic PAMOTOR Model 1000 Conventional The PAMOTOR Fan Model 1000 Minia- Type of Motor induction (capacitor· type squirrel cage) ture Fan is comshaded·pole pletely interchange- Housing die cast warp-free Zymec Output@ 60 cps (0 back pressure) (.25" back pressure) ( .J· back pressure) 125 cfm 75 cfm 50 cfm Output @ 50 cps (0 back pressure) ( .25" back pressure) 100 cfm 62.5 cfm Operating Temp. Range - 55°C to +s5°c plastic 100 cfm 20 cfm 0 able with conventional units now in use (4 Ya 11 center-to- center mounting holes). But the similarity ends there. 75 cfm 5 cfm - 1s 0 c to +44°C check this comparison chart I Model 1000 meets MIL-T-5422E (Closs 2 ), and MIL-STD -202 En · viron mentol specs . Inside -outsid e rotating motor design gives fly - whee l effect, resulting in constant, quiet fan speed. Lorge surface sleeve,bearings mean minimum maintenance, maximum reliability. PAM o To R I nc. For complete spec1ficat1ons and name of nearest stock- I 1ng distributor, write to 312 Seventh Street · San Fronc1Ho 3, Calif. CIRCLE 202 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics January 17, 1964 SELECTED BV GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY FOR WIDE-RANGING APPLICATIONS: FOR TIME BASE: FOR FREQUENCY FOR TONE REFERENCE: GENERATIONa · · · · . · . . · · Real Time · Interval Time · Teletype Commu nication s Equipment · Servo Speed Controls · Inverters · SSB Commun ications · Selective Signaling · ASW · Mobile Commun i cations Sl:Z:E AND PERFORMANCE TO MEET ANY REQUIREMENT FREQUENCIES: 0 to 6400 cps · ACCURACIES: 0.1 to 0.005%* TEMPERATURE RANGES: -55°C to +125°C ·accuracies to ± 0.001% over narrower temperature ·ranges ..· If or you have would like a special frequency more detailed techn icgaelnedraattaionandprolibslte.mO1J representatives nationwide, please write or phone: ,.. · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · 3511 · · · · · · · · . · · · · · · · · · · ' · · . · · · · · · · · · · · · 4-6000 · · CIRCLE 57 ON READER SERVICE CARD 57 Gertsch CRB bridges measure both in-phase and quadrature voltage ratios -with high accuracy MICROWELDER lowers tip to work but pressure is dependent only on gram weights shown on right. Weights are placed on tip shaft MODEL CRB-8 ~MPl.mJ~l ti>ll. AMPUTUD[ e l lMt Complex Ratio Bridges are ideal for precision voltage and phase comparisons between signal and reference vectors. Instruments are designed for testing transformers, tach-generators, rate gyros, all types of transducers, AC amplifiers, AC networks, and AC systems. All CRB instruments feature self-contained, phasesensitive null indicators. Model CRB-8- a new broad-band bridge providing continuous frequency coverage from 350-5100 cps-with no plug-ins. Instrument measures angles as small as .001°, and is accurate to .001 % (lOppm). 6-digit readouts are provided for both in-phase and quadrature ratios. Loading on the device under test is virtually eliminated by extremely high signal input impedance - better than 20,000 megohms at null. A wide variety of CRB instruments is available in both cabinet and rack mounted designs. Compact all-transistorized units feature accuracies to .005 %. A militarized model is certified per MIL-T-21200 ... meets stringent environmental requirements. Gertsch also manufactures an automatic complex ratio bridge which displays both in-phase and quadrature ratios on 5-place Nixie readouts. Write for complete literature on the CRB line. -!Je11tsch - GERTSCH PRODUCTS, INC. 32il S. La Cienega Blvd., Los Angeles 16, Calif. · UPton 0-2761 · VErmont 9-2201 58 CIRCLE 58 ON READER SERVICE CARD HIGH-RESOLUTION readout potentiometers permit accurate adjustments and easy resetability as the following pulses in the train. These pulses are controlled by 10turn potentiometers that allow precision adjustment to the schedule and permit easy, accurate resetability of the welding parameters. Power Supply-An a-c power supply using silicon controlled rectifiers provides a continuously adjustable control of th e three major electronic parameters of the weld in three ranges. These ranges are obtained by three different firing voltages applied to the scr gates. The portions of the a-c wave permitted through the device have different time bases. Since the weld energy depends not only on the width of the pulse, finely divided increments are obtained by also controlling the amplitude. The time required for welding is determined by the number of pulses applied to the work. This parameter is also continuously controlled. Weld Modes - Control settings change with characteristics of ma- January 17, 1964 electronics terials and relative positioning. If the lead material is stiff or has a rough, irregular surface, a preheat is desirable to allow the electrode to seat more intimately on the lead and provide a better contact surface. A post-weld operation is required to prevent undesirable thermal shock. Most glass and ceramic materials are relatively poor thermal conductors and have very low strength under tension. It is possible, by raising the temperature of the weld and abruptly terminating the heat input, to cause a chilling effect (due to the high thermal conductivity of the metals) that contracts the surface of the ceramic or glass. This creates a thermal stress resulting in hemispherical failure below the weld zone. The post-weld mode is used with a relatively low amplitude and long time setting for the weld and a setting somewhat below these values to post-heat the material and prevent rapid chilling and possible destruction of the substrate. Tester on Lead Former Sorts Resistors, Too PALO ALTo-Automatic testing of resistors and diodes after leads are formed is a new capability just added to lead-forming machines made by Develop-Amatic Engineering here (ELECTRONICS, p 52, Jan. 10). For testing resistors, a new all solid-state limit bridge is used in conjunction with machine enabling it to test resistors from 10 ohms to 1.111 megohms to tolerance limits of plus or minus, 1, 2, 5, 10 or 20 percent. Tester automatically sorts resistors according to tolerance preset on machine and can be operated by nontechnical personnel. Thus it provides 100-percent inspection of all components up to moment they are placed into a circuit, and guards against component failure or change in value due to lead forming. Develop-Amatic will announce shortly an automatic diode tester capable of handling diodes in the same manner. These automatic testers are self calibrating against independent standards contained within the unit. System, called the Type 501, can handle up to 4,200 pieces per hour. electronics January 17, 1964 Featuring o airborne environmental ratings and complete shield ing for military applica- tions. o Unmatched noise level for low level instrument applications . Write for detailed spec sheet. The Bristol Company, Aircraft Equipment Division, 152 Bristol *~ Road, Waterbury 20, Conn. A Subsidiary of American Chain & ACCO Cable Co mpany, Inc. In Canada: The Bristol Com pany of Can ada Ltd. - 71-79 Duchess Street, Toront o 2, Ontario. 3.4 ' ~ v,, ~ w''>"'ilf 4""', ~~'>-.,. ·"*'~ '~ tfi>"t>< ' , ... engineers for precision, builds for reliability. CIRCLE 59 ON READER SERVICE CARD 59 NEW PRODUCTS---- - - - - FM REPLACING H(w) BANDPASS XMIT FILTER BANDPASS RCVR Fl LTER LIMITER AMP TOTAL OF 16 CHANNELS SERIAL 2,400 16 TO BITS/SEC PARALLEL CONVERTER I I PARALLEL RESET TO 16 ' SERIAL CONVERTER 2,400 BITS/SEC TIMING OUOBINARY FM TIMING System Increases Digital Rates · 60 CIRCLE 60 ON READER SERVICE CARD Duobinary coding doubles information-carryi ng capacity MODEL 27 A Duobinary-Datatel system makes possible short-wave transmission of high-quality voice communications in digital form when used with speech-scrambling equipment. Digital signals are transmitted at 2,400 bits per second, representing twice the traditional digital-transmission rate over shortwave or h-f radio, while substantially improving voice quality. Duobinary Datatel will soon be adapted into 16 narrow channels of 150 bits each that will permit business machines operating at rates below 2,400-bit speeds to communicate simultaneously over one h-f radio circuit. The system presently uses a single stream of 2,400bit data. The transmitting terminal accepts synchronous data at 2,400 bits per second. The serial-to-parallel converter separates serial data into 16 channels, each operating at 150 bits per second. The duobinary logic circuit encodes the binary signal, and the output of the logic circuit is applied to an FSK oscillator. Sixteen f-m FSK oscillator outputs are then frequency-multiplexed into a 3-kc bandwidth. Channel frequency multiplexing is based on 170-cps spacing. The low channel is centered at 425 cps, the top at 2,975 cps. In the receiving terminal, diversity reception is employed to combat selective fading of h-f transmission. Diversity combiners are provided on each of the 16 channels. The best input path is enhanced by a ratio-squared post detection combiner. The signal is then demodulated and fed out as serial-binary data at a synchronous speed of 2,400 bits per second. According to the manufacturer, the duobinary technique combined with f-m provides a system relatively immune to noise. The system uses transistor circuits and card-type mechanics for reliability and flexibility. Lenkurt Electric Co., Inc., Subsidiary of General Telephone & Electronics, 1105 County Rd ., San Carlos, Calif. CIRCLE 301, READER SERVICE CARD January 17, 1964 electronics FREE TO COMPANY OFFICIALS LOOKING FOR ANEW PLANT SITE A TABLE OF CONTENTS · SUBJECT PAGES Introduction . . · . · · · · · · · · 1 Growth Trends · · . · · · · . · · 2·3 Climate . · . . . . . · · · · · · · · · 4·6 Public Utilities . . . · · · · · · · 7·22 Financial · . · · · · · · . . · · · · Government Services. · . · · · e Taxes · Protective Services Water Supply & Sewerage 23 2444 Community Facilities . . . . . Housing Education Recreation & Culture 45.73 Industrial History · . · . . . . . 74.79 labor . . . . . . . . . . . . · . . . . 80·92 O Natural Resources . . · . · · . 93.94 Transportation & Markets ·. 95·104 Sites . ........ ... ..... . 105-133 120 co 0 100 ~ 80 :z 0 i= 60 ""=:z> 40 ..U....J.. 20 "" 0 100 DB Ml NIMUM ATTENUATION 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 KC KC KC MC MC MC GC GC FREQUENCY Filter Provides High Attenuation RADIO-FREQUENCY interference filter provides more than 100 db of attenuation at frequencies as low as 14 kc and as high as 10 Ge. Moreover, it is essentially resistive at 400 cycles, handles 250 v a-c at 400 cps, is capable of continuous duty over an operating temperature range from -55 c to +85 c. According to the manufacturer, the filter will be especia1ly useful in screen rooms or other shielded enclosures, where equipment subject to military radio-frequency interference specifications must be tested. The unit substantially reduces reactive currents experienced in standard screen rooms, and can reduce a conventional 10 amperes of reactive current to less than 1 ampere at 400 cps. Filter can be supplied in 25, 50 and 100 ampere models, weighs 14t pounds and measures 22 inches X 3-i- inches X 3-i- inches. Capehart Corp., 87-46 123rd St., Rich- mond Hill, N. Y. (302) TAILO R-MADE. This confidential re- port is not taken off the shelf. It will be prepared specifically for you, based on the requirements foryournew plant Computer Diode Features as you give them to us. Send these re- Picosecond Switching quirements on your business letterhead to Commissioner Keith S. McHugh, N.Y. State Dept. of Commerce, Room 256R, 112 State St., Albany 7, N. Y. COMPUTER diode with a logicswitching speed of less than 10 picoseconds has a typical recovery time of 500 picoseconds and a v"~ oJ~ Keith S. McHugh, Commissioner New York State Department of Commerce electronics January 17, 1964 guaranteed recovery time of 700 picoseconds. Designated the FD-700, the diode has a forward current of 50 ma at a maximum forward voltage of 1.1 · CIRCLE 61 ON READER SERVICE CARD 61 UIIr a -Stab Ie - even in "rough" mobile applications vdc, and 0.01 ma at 0.5 vdc ma, at 25 C. Reverse current is 50 na maximum at Va = 20 volts. Specifications are guaranteed because of the parameter stability and reliability of the planar epitaxial process used in the diode's manufacture. The FD700 is priced at $15 in quantities between 1 and 99 and $10 in quantities between 100 and 999. Fairchild Semiconductor, Div. of Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp., 545 Whisman Rd., Mountain View, Calif. CIRCLE 303, READER SERVICE CARD For additional technical data, WRITE: ~ THE JAMES KNIGHTS COMPANY SANDWICH, ILLINOIS . JKT0·81 1.0 me Oscillator: Prime frequency source for ve hicular or aeronautical single sideband and data transmission equipment. Shock and vibration resistant high-Q glass-enclosed crystal, oscillator-buffer, voltage regulator circuitry plus full proportionally controlled t em perature control of package. Maximum required power @ -40°C: 7.25 watts. Signal output: sine or squ are wave. Daily aging stability performance: 5 X 10-9 o r better after initial 10 days. CIRCLE 203 ON READER SERVICE CARD HERE IS THE WORLD'S SMALLEST MOTOR YET IT'S SO POWERFUL .. . Active limiter Covers 3,100 to 3,500 Mc s-BAND active limiter, model S-3 301 , is designed to give an isolation of greater than 40 db over the frequency range of 3,100 to 3,500 Mc with a nominal loss of l db over this range. Input vswr over the frequency range is in the order of 1.1 . The switching bias voltage for the high isolation characteristic is 50 to 100 ma at - 50 v. Micro State Electronics Corp., 152 Floral Ave., Murray Hill, N. J. (304) MODEL Ml- 100 Less than 20mm in diameter, the new Mitsumi Micromotor provides a startling efficiency of over 50 % , the barrier which miniature motors are not allowed to pass. A novel construction principle helped to make this accomplish· ment possible. The form is more simplified by setting all the termina ls at one position. Because the entire mechanism is given full protection against irregular revolution and above all, electrical noise is entirely eliminated , you may call this the most perfect micromotor yet devised. Plea se write for complete information on M itsumi Micromotor, and we will send you specifications and data. MITSUMI PARTS MITSUMI ELECTRIC CO., LTD. T OKYO· OSAKA· NEW YORK 62 CIRCLE 62 ON READER SERVICE CARD Servo Amplifier in Reduced Size FRACTIONAL HORSEPOWER d-c servo amplifier, model A470, is designed to drive d-c servo motors and torquers up to 0.6 h-p. The bidirectional full wave scr output stage permits a new advancement January 17, 1964 electronics r--~ HIW 11 lllE '111111 EIEl:11111111:1 -.!!ll'IEllyS· 81110~ The Two - W ay Producf Locater * * * Most products advertised in the ELECTRON· 1cs BUYERS' GUIDE are listed twice for your convenience. After the Product Heading, ad· vertising page numbers appear where appropriate (when advertisements of one kind are grouped together in the book). Next to the individual product listing, the page num· ber of associated advertising material is cited. Thus you can locate all of the adver· tisements for a particular product category, or any specific advertisement, quickly, accurately, and conveniently. Keep your ELEC· TRONICS BUYERS' GUIDE close to your work area at all times. electronics January 17, 1964 Write for detailed catalog sheet. MARCONI INSTRUMENTS DIVISION OF ENGLISH ELECTRIC CORPORATION 111 CEDAR LANE e ENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY MAIN PLANT: ST. ALBANS, ENGLAND CIRCLE 63 ON READER SERVICE CARD 63 :--'-Il-"-N-M---rr- :.. · specify the new Sperry Products --------- I I on-time delivery of the latest . I . . Sperry Semiconductors including NPN and PNP silicon planar & PNP silicon alloy transistors (many types QPL approved), silicon planar differential & darlington amplifiers, dual emitter ----------... differential choppers I I · many other Sperry products are available immediately from Avnet The Origi_nal "Build-it-¥ourself' Organ . · roufid.r Ii~ a gloriout pipe organ : SPERRY : I I call your local Avnet Headquarters Mail coupon below, and receive . .. absolutely I . The Avnet System, coast to coast · ..------~-------------- I I Westbury, L. I.; Chicago; Phoenix; · Burlington, Mass.; Syracuse, N. Y.; FREE . .. complete information on Artisan's new 1963 Organ-Building Kit! Illustrated instructions lead you through every step of this happy hobby, as you assemble·at-home a magnificent custom Artisan electronic organ - the best in tone and styling! No technical skill required, and you save up to 70o/o of comparable ready-built organ costs by skipping dealer profits and factory labor! You can play as you build and pay.as you build. From i s.,tQ,rytA. t.,! ·------------------ $1750 to $7500. Write today! x ARTISAN ORGANS 2476· N.LakeAve.,Altadena,Calif. ADO RIESS --------- ------------------ L San Diego, L.A., Sunnyvale, Cal... CIRClE 204 ON READER SERVICE CARD CITY ' ?ONE STATE CIRClE 205 ON READER SERVICE CARD in frequency response and size and weight reduction. The A470 is capable of a gain of 1,000 v/v with a 100,000-ohm input impedance. Westamp, Inc., 11529 W. Pico Blvd., Los Angeles 64, Calif. CIRCLE 305, READER SERVICE CARD Conductor Alloy Has High Tensile Strength NEW CONDUCTOR ALLOY, Insoloy 105, has been developed to meet expanding flexibility and tensile requirements. The combination of Insoloy 105 and TFE light wall fused laminate insulation produces an extremely flexible wire having a minimum tensile strength of 55,000 psi capable of maximum performance at temperatures of 200 C. These structural integrity and reliability assets are in addition to significant weight and installation volume economies, company says. Inso Electronic Products, Inc., Park Ave., Nutley 10, N.J. (306) ICS DC MILLIVOLTMETER -large-scale meter assures 13 accuracy full scale PRICE: $295.00 Model 6352-low-Ievel unit featuring zero-center, taut-band meter, with mirror-back scale 7.2" long, for accurate readings. Operates for 1000 hours on 4 standard, D-cell flashlight batteries. Input is fully-guarded differential, and/or 2-terminal type. Voltage range ... millivolts: ±10, ±30, ±100, ±300; volts: ±1, ±3, ±10, ±30,±100, ±300, ±1000 - full scale. Input impedanee .·· 100 megohms on ranges above 3 volts. 10 megohms on lower ranges. Battery operating life ... 1000 hours, min. (1.2 ma discharge rate .) Size ... 8~,.. high x 8~6 " wide x 5X," deep. Typieal applieations . .. Potentiometric measurements, null indication, measuring thermocouple output ··· diode matching. Write for complete literature on the Dynamics meter line. DYNAMICS ~~~~~~J'!~~I.~~!£~ Pa~.~~~~: CUmberland 3.7773 Latching Relays Use Ceramic Magnets AVAILABILITY of Printact single and double coil latching relays is announced. Employing ceramic magnets, instead of mechanical linkage, the Printact LS and LD series do not require hold-in power to remain in either latch position. Only a momentary d-c pulse of 7 millisec at rated voltage is required to switch Printact latching relays which are available with 6, 12, or 24 v d-c coils. Substantial savings in space, weight and assembly costs are possible with the 'Vs in. cube, 0.8 oz plugin unit. Printact Relay Division, Executone Inc., 41-37 Austell Place, Long Island City 1, N. Y. (307) 64 CIRClE 64 ON READER SERVICE CARD January 17, 1964 electronics LITERATURE OF THE WEEK TRANSDUCERS Bourns, Inc., 6135 Magnolia Ave., Riverside, Calif. Brochure lists specifications and performance characteristics on pressure, position, and acceleration transducers and instrument systems. (361) HIGH-VACUUM ACCESSORIES Consoli- dated Vacuum Corp., 1775 Mt. Read Blvd., Rochester 3, N.Y. A 16-page brochure on high-vacuum and ultra- high-vacuum accessories is now avail- able. (362) LASER SYSTEM Maser Optics, Inc., 89 Brighton Ave., Boston 34, Mass. A technical specification bulletin gives complete details on the model 3 100 laser system. (363) OPERATING IMPEDANCE BRIDGE Delta Electronics, Inc., 4206 Wheeler Ave., Alexandria, Va. 22304. Six-page bulletin describes measurements that can be made with the OIB-1 operating im- pedance bridge. (364) PIEZOELECTRIC ACCELEROMETER Massa Division of Cohu Electronics, Inc., 280 Lincoln St., Hingham, Mass. A data sheet describing a miniature piezoelectric accelerometer is available. (365) RELIABILITY & QUALITY ASSURANCE }Tf Cannon Electric Inc., 3208 Humboldt St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90031, has available a brochure describing and illustrating its reliability and quality assurance capabilities. (366) COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM Honeywell, Special Systems Division, Pottstown, Pa . 19464. Capabilities of the 610 digital computer control system are outlined in a brochure. (367) RESISTOR CATALOG Shallcross Mfg. Co., Selma, N. C. Catalog PR200 in 23 pages describes seven complete precision wirewound resistor groups. (368) FUNCTION MODULES Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp., 360 Sierra Madre Villa, Pasadena, Calif. Function modules, a new approach to analog control system design, are described in six bulletins now available. (369) RIBBON CABLE Tensolite Insulated Wire Co., Inc., West Main St., Tarrytown, N. Y. A new round conductor/flat cable construction that utilizes a thin, high-temperature film to bond conductors into an ultra-compact cable is described in a technical bulletin. (370) LIGHT-SENSITIVE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Amperex Electronic Corp., Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. 11802. Treatise of basics and practical applications of light sensitive semiconductor devices may be obtained by writing on company stationery. DECADE COUNTERS Raytheon Co., 55 Chapel St., Newton, Mass. 02158. Decade counters and their applications are discussed in a 16-page illustrated brochure. (371) electronics January 17, 1964 ffiagnetic Ree~ Relays - Coils Basic and special REED RELAYS and/or COILS far high reliability and sophisticated switching. Operating Inputs: low as lmA. and 15mW. Standard Cail Voltages: 6, 12, 24, 32, 48V in stock for immed iate delivery. Special Voltage or Resistance, multiple windings for flip flop, memory and crosspoint selection applications - to customer specifications. New Type SP Coils: for high voltage vacuum-type reeds, JU6" lg. Standard Coil Termination: 3'' flexible leads. Also available with solid copper leads, printed circuit pins and rigid lugs - silver plated or tinned. Relay Contacts in Form A, B, C and latching. C0t0 C0I·1 Write for Prices - COMPAN Y, INC, 65 Pavilion Ave. Providence, R. I. 02905 CIRCLE 206 ON READER SERVICE CARD :-l--l-"-N-'-l-'"-f-·! ' specify the new Microdot Products · I on-time delivery of Microdot 1 I Connectors and cable Multipin connectors with up to 61 ---------- power or 19 coaxial contacts in 11/s" o.d. plug; microminiature coax connectors in 50, 70, 90 ohm types; coax, twinax, triaxial cables (RG types approved to M/L,C-/7C). !'-""-M-l-t-i-'~-'~-·~-j"-"·! many other Microdot Products are ---------- I I call your local Avnet Headquarters I J The Avnet System, coast to coast !·-------"l-'·-r-;·! ·r,··~·uf Westbury, L. /.;Chicago; Phoenix; ---------- I I I Salt Lake City; Bellevue, Wash.; San Diego, L.A., Sunnyvale, Cal. I CIRCLE 207 ON READER SERVICE CARD FOR INST RUMENTS SPURS · HELiCALS · WORM AND · WORM GEARS STRAIGHT BEVELS · LEAD SCREWS · RATCHETS · CLUSTER GEARS · RACKS · INTERNALS ·· ODD SHAPES Production of fine-pitch gears of extreme accuracy for all kinds of instruments is .a . specialty of ours. · CIRCLE 65 ON READER SERVICE CARD 65 PEOPLE AND PLANTS------ P. W. Knaplund T. R. Horton IBM Promotes Two Executives INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES Corporation has announced the promotion of Paul W. Knaplund to assistant group executive for product and profit planning. He was general manager of the company's Advanced Systems Development division. In this newly created position , Knaplund will have group responsibility for directing the planning of product development programs of the General Products, Data Systems and Components divisions. He reports to John W. Gibson, group executive of these engineering and manufacturing groups. Thomas R. Horton, formerly corporate director of systems and application engineering, succeeds Knaplund as general manager of the Advanced Systems Development division. I', I · WARWICK ~ '$ tNpu$TR.lA. ,L . ·· · ORIVE, · WARWICi< I RHOOE :t IS,L.ANO College HlJI Industries, Inc. ITT !& Westinghouse Fill5' Seven Key Posts APPOINTMENTS of Frank B. Gunter and six others to key management posts at the Westinghouse Defense and Space Center, Baltimore, Md., have been announced. James M. Beggs, Defense and Space Center vice president in charge of the Surface division, named Gunter manager of the division's radar department. Gunter is a 19-year veteran of Westinghouse. Other appointments in the department include: C. H. McAdie as manager of advanced radar programs, J. L. Mitchell as program manager of tactical radar programs, F. J. Rutter as program manager of shipborne radar programs, and W. R. Donsbach as program manager of fixed radar programs. E . G. Hamer was named European managing director for the Westinghouse electronic's defense group and W. A. Carlson was appointed marketing manager of the surface radar department. Borg-Warner Elevates Cook BORG-WARNER CORPORATION has announced the elevation of William L. Cook to president and general manager of its Controls Division in Santa Ana, Calif. Formerly manager of Borg-Warner's Pesco Products Division Western Branch in Burbank, Calif., Cook has been acting as vice president and general manager of the Controls Division since it was combined with the Burbank operation under the overall supervision of Pesco presi- 66 CIRCLE 66 ON READER SERVICE CARD January 17, 1964 electronics TEYIN, PRECISION MICRORADIUS TURNING MACHINE For full information and the name of your nearest authorized Levin representative, write LEVIN;. LOUIS LEVIN & SON, INC. 3573 Hoyden Ave. Culver City, California // RADII FROM .000" UP TO ONE INCH-CONCAVE OR CONVEX Here is a machine designed specifically for turning of accurate short radii in second operation work. This is not a lathe attach· ment, but rather acompletely self-contained unit. It is available in Yi6', Yi6', and X" collet capacities, with and without a pro· duction collet closer. CIRCLE 67 ON READER SERVICE CARD TO ORDER REPRINTS Fill in, cut out coupon below, insert in envelope and mail to: electronics Reprint Dept. 330 W. 42nd Street, New York, N. Y . 10036 i·---- ' ' ------- -------------- -- --- -- -- --- --- - --- -- - -- ---------------- ------ - -- -- -- - -- ---------------- -- - -- ---- - ---- -- - -- - - - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- --.... ' ' REPRINT ORDER FORM ! ! For Listing of Reprints Available See Reader Service Card I ! (To help expedite mailing of your reprints please send cash, check or money order with Your order.) For Reprints of the latest Special Report; Electronics Markets, New Directions 1963-64-67 : : , Send me ....... Rep rints of Key No. R-47 at 50¢ each. For Reprints of previous Special Reports or Feature Articles fill in below: Send me . ..... . ... . Reprints of Key No.(s) ..... ...... @ ·.···.····. ¢ each . (For prices, see Reader Service Card.) *For orders of Bulk Reprints of other editorial articles in this issue or past issues: Send me .......... Reprints of pages no.(s) ......... of issue date ... ........... of article entitled .................... .. .......................................... ....... . *Minimum bulk order 100 copies. You will be advised of costs by return mail. Name ... .. ......... . .... .. .......... .·. ....·..·...........··· · ··..··.··.·· .· . . Number and Street ...... .·..······.·······.·.......·· .·· ..·.····.····..·......... City, Zone No., State ..... . ........... ... .. ..........·..·... .... ............ ...... electronics January 17, 1964 67 dent Donald R. Spotz a little over a year ago. Spotz continues as president of the Pesco Products Division in Bedford, 0. Assembly Products Elects Crowdes GEORGE J. CROWDES, JR., has been elected vice president-engineering of Assembly Products, Inc., Chesterland, 0 . Since joining API in 1957, Crowdes has headed design and development work on indicating and controlling instruments. Ideal combination at Motorola/Phoenix If you are seeking a challenge in aerospace electronics and a new world of year-round outdoor enjoyment for your family, consider Motorola in Phoenix. Here you will find intriguing challenges in advanced projects such as Gemini, Apollo and a host of others ranging from inner space to deep space exploration. All the splendor of Arizona beckons you and your family to a friendly, relaxed western way of life featuring healthful dry climate, scenic deserts, mountains and canyon lakes. For the ideal balance of professional challenge and fun in the sun, check these outstanding opportunities at Motorola in Phoenix. Antennas &Propagation Reliability Analysis Guidance &Navigation Solid State R.F. Parts Reliability Command & Control Microwave Techniques Reliability Program Coordination Space Communications Missile &Space Instrumentation Data Acquisition, Processing &Display Signal Processing Operational Support Equ ipment CWTransponders ECM, CCM & Surveillance Integrated Circuitry Radar & Radar Transponders Tracking &Telemetry 0 i n Contact Phil Nienstedt, Manager of Recruitment, Department 651 MOTOROLA PHOENIX Miiitary Electron/cs Division · Western Center o P.O. Box 1417, Scottsdale, Arizona MOTOROL.A AL.SO OFFERS OPPORTUNITIES AT CHICAGO, IL.L.INOIS - AN EQUAL. OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 68 PEOPLE IN BRIEF Edward Hoover promoted to director of engineering at Correlated Data Systems Corp. Stanley J. Golembiewski leaves RCA to join International Resistance Co. 's Instrumentation & Systems div. as mgr. of logic systems. John A. Chartz advances to exec v-p of Dalmo Victor Co. Lloyd R. Morrow, formerly with StruthersDunn, Inc., named product mgr. in charge of relays and electrical components for Cook Electric Co.'s Wirecom div. Robert W. Sanders moves up to mgr. of engineering of the Consumer Products div., The Magnavox Co. W. J. Tejral raised to mfg. mgr. at Markite Corp. Frank Lowell, ex-Bulova Watch Co., appointed g-m of Guidance Controls Corp. John L. Boyer, previously with Westinghouse Electric, named senior engineering consultant at International Rectifier Corp. Frank Gard Jameson elevated to v-p and asst. to the president of Ryan Aeronautical Co. Kenneth A. McQueeney, mgr. of engineering, elected v-p and g-m of Alto Scientific Co., Inc. The Bendix Corp. ups Victor D. Ellison to chief engineer for instruments at its Montrose div. Herbert U. Erston, from Induction Heating Corp. to Lepe! High Frequency Laboratories, Inc. as chief of mechanical engineering. He succeeds Anthony Vescuso, now director of R&D. Seymour L. Blum leaves Raytheon Co. to become asst. director of research to head the ceramics operations of IIT Research Institute. January 17, 1964 electronics SEARCHLIGHT SECTION rClauified Advertising) BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES EQUIPMENT - USED or RESALE DISPLAYED RATE The adver tisin g rate Is $2 7.25 per inch for all advertising appearing on other than a contract basis. Contract rates quoted on request. AN ADVERTISING INCH is measu red 'lS Inch verticall y on one column, 3 colu mns-30 Inches-to a page. EQUIPMENT WANTED or FOR SALE ADVERTISE;\1ENTS acceptable only In Displayed Style. UNDISPLAYED RATE $2.70 a line. minimum 3 lines. To figure advance payment count 5 average words as a line. PROPOSALS, $2.70 a line an Insertion. BOX NUMBERS count as one line additional In undisplayed ads. DISCOUNT OF 10 % If full payment Is made in advance for four consecutive Insertions of undisplayed ads (n ot Incl uding proposals). FASTEST COAST TO COAST 5th DAY from EAST COAST to CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA cind NEVADA 7th DAY to EAST COAST from CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA ond NEVADA Specialists in Shipment of Electronics Ptoducls Coll for information NEW YORK - PHILADELPHIA 0 BALTIMORE - BOSTON - NEW JERSEY HOLYOKE - NEW HAVEN - PROVIDENCE LOS ANGELES - SAN FRANCISCO EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES The advertisements in this section include all employment opportunitiea-executive, management, technical, selling, office, skilled, manual, etc. Look in the forward section of the magazine for additional Employment Opportunities advertising. Wisconsin Openings The Louis Allis Co. is expanding its research and development activity and has immediate openinQs for engineers interested in: Digital Control Electronics SENIOR SCIENTIST Experience necessary in design and development in small special purpose computors. ADVANCED RESEARCH ENGINEER Must be capable of highly creative work and systems utilizing digital electronic controls. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS Experience required in control logic for static power conversion equipment. Must have skill in digital control logic circuitry including oscillators, counters and shift registers. SYSTEM ANALYST Experience necessary in complete prelimi·nary analysis of engine, generator, static power and digital control systems. SENIOR ENGINEER Experience necessary in design and development of advanced static inverters, converters and controls or related power electronics. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER Experience necessary in controlled rectifier conversion equipment including inverters, converters, cycloconverters. Skill necessary in high frequency switching with stepped wave fronts. Send ResumeGivingDetailsolEducation, Exoerience and Salary Requirements to Kirby Stanat THE LOUIS ALLIS CO. Milwaukee 1, Wis. An Equal Opportunity Employer CIRCLE 952 ON READER SERVICE CARD LOOKING FOR USED/ SURPLUS ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT / C O M P O N E N T S ? For 1n up-to-date listing of such equipment see Searchlight Section of January 10th. ·~ electronics January 17, 1964 E. E.'s for FEE-PAID Positions WRITE US FIRSTl Use our confidential application for professional,_indivicjualized service ... a complete national t echnical employment agency. ATOMIC PERSONNEL, INC. Suite 1207L, · 1518 Walnut St., Phlla. 2, Pa. EMPLOYMENT PROBLEM? When you are in need of specialized men for specialized jobs, contact them through an employment ad in this publication. POSITION VACANT Electronic Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Consultants, Managers-Work for leading firm of licensed professional Engineers. Write to United Engineers, 150 Causeway Street, Boston 14, Mass. EMPLOYMENT SERVICES Resumes and application letters that make employers want you. Composed, printed by Executive Resumes, Dept. F, Executive Suite, 744 Broad St.. Newark, N. J. · WANTED Anything within reason that Is wanted In the field served by Electronics can be quickly located through bringing it to the attention of thousands of m en whose interest is· assured because this is the business paper they read. 69 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS · Acme Electric Corp. . .. .... . . 45 Allen-Bradley Co. . . . . ... ... 43 Amperite ........... . . . .. 14 · Amphenol A Div. of Amphenol -Borg Electronics Corp. 13 Artisan Organs 64 · Avnet Electronics Corp. . . .. 64, 65 Beaver Gear Works, Inc. . 65 Bristol Company, The . 59 Brush Instruments Div. of Clevite Corp. . .3rd cover · Chester Cable Corp. ....... 60, 61 College Hill Industries, Inc. . 66 Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp. . ......... 37, 38 Coto-Coil Co. , Inc. . 65 · Driver Co., Wilbur B. 44 duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc., E. I. 16 · Dymec A Division of Hewlett-Packard Co. 4 Dynamics Instrumentation Co. . 64 Electronic Research Associates, Inc. .......... ....... . . . 41 · ITI Industrial Laboratories ... 50 Jerrold Electronics Corp. ... .. 6 · Knights Company, James . .... 62 · Levin and Son, Inc., Lou is Linen Thread Co., Inc. , The . 67 57 Machlett Laboratories Inc., The 11 Mallory and Co., Inc., P. R. . 8, 9 Marconi Instruments 63 Markem Machine Co. 12 Melpar Inc. 57 Mitsumi Electric Co., Ltd. . 62 New York State Dept. of Commerce 61 · North Atlantic Industries, Inc. . . 51 · Ohmite Mfg. Co. . . . . . . · . . . . . 7 Pamotor Inc. 57 Texas Instruments Incorporated Industrial Products Group . . . . 15 Triplett Electrical Instrument Co. 53 Wayne George Corp. . . . ... ··. 49 · CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING F. J. Eberle, Business Mgr. (2557) EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES 68-69 EQUIPMENT (Used or Surplus New) For Sale 69 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISERS INDEX Allis Co., Lewis 69 Arrow Freight Forwarders . 69 Atomic Personnel Inc. . 69 Ealing Corp. 69 Motorola Inc. 68 · Radio Research Instrument Co. 69 · Flying Tiger Line . . . . . . . . . . . 21 General Electric Co. Silicone Products Dept. . 22 General Radio Co. 2nd cover German American Chamber of Commerce . . . . . . . . . 39 Gertsch Products, Inc.. . 58 · Globe Industries Inc. 42 Radio Corporation of America 4th cover · Rosemount Engineering Co. . . . 46 Sprague Electric Co. . . . . . . . . . 3 Struthers-Dunn Inc . . 40 Sylvania Electronic Systems- West 54, 55 · See advertisement in the July 25, 1963 Issue of electronics Buyers' Guide for complete line of products or services. This Index and our Reader Service Numbers are pub li shed as a service. Every precaution is t aken t o make them accurate, but electronics assumes no respon·i· blllties for errors or omissions. electronics . :'..,...,.... ·. '· ·r., \·'"' Audit BurHu of Ctrculatlon ANOClated Bu·lnH· Publlcatlon· AUDITED PAID CIRCULATION JAMES T. HAUPTLI (2210) Advertising Sales Manager HENRY M. SHAW (3485) Market Research Manager DAVID M. TEMPEST (3139) Promotion Manager electronics Buyers' Guide R. S. QUINT (2335) General Manager RICHARD J. TOMLINSON (3191) Business Manager THEODORE R. GEIPEL (2044) Production Manager NEW YORK TELEPHONE: Dial Direct: 971 plus number in parenthesis, Area Code 212 70 ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES ATLANTA, GA. 30309 Michael H. Miller, Robert C. Johnson 1375 Peachtree St. N.E. , Trinity 5-0523 (area code 404) BOSTON, MASS. 02116 William S. Hodgkinson McGraw-Hill Building, Copley Square, Congress 2-1160 (area code 617) CHICAGO, ILL. 60611 Harvey W. Wernecke, Robert M. Denmead 645 North Michigan Avenue, Mohawk 4-5800 (area code 312) CLEVELAND, OHIO 44113 Paul T. Fegley 55 Public Square, Superior 1-7000 (area code 216) DALLAS. TEXAS 75201 Frank Le Beau The Vaughn Bldg., 1712 Commerce St. Riverside 7-9721 (area code 214) DENVER. COL0. 80202 John W. Patten Tower Bldg., 1700 Broadway, Alpine 5-2981 (area code 303) HOUSTON, TEXAS 77025 Kenneth George Prudential Bldo .. Halcombe Blvd., Riverside 8-1280 (area code 713) LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90017 Ashley P. Hartman, John G. Zisch, 1125 W. 6th St., Huntley 2-5450 (area code 213) NEW YORK. N. Y. 10036 Donald H. Miller (212) 971 3615 Georqe F. Werner (212) 971 3617 Donald R. Furth (212) 971 3616 500 Fifth Avenue PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103 Warren H. Gardner, William J. Boyle 6 Penn Center Plaza, LOcust 8 -6161 (area code 215) SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94111 Richard C. Alcorn 255 California Street, Douglas 2-4600 (area code 415) LONDON Wl: Edwin S. Murphy Jr. 34 Dover St. FRANKFURTI Main: Matthee Herfurth 85 Westendstrasse GENEVA: Michael R. Zevnel 2 Place du Port TOKYO: George Olcott, 1, Kotohiracho, Shiba, Minato-ku January 17, 1964 electronics Brush light beam recorder eliminates RFI with silent light! The unique incandescent optical system of this new directprint oscillograph completely eliminates confused data caused by generation of RF interference into associated equipment. It is the only lightbeam recorder that meets RFI specs .. . MIL-1-26600 and MIL-l-6181D. Whether your application is industrial or aero-space, check out these important facts. Start and Re-start Recording time ... 50 milliseconds Writing Speed ... Greater than 30,000 in./sec. Companion Amplifiers ... Especially Designed Complete Line of Accessories 8 Pushbutton Record Speeds Internal Chart Take-up High Contrast Traces 16 Channels Now you can record over the whole range of most-used frequencies with Brush systems incorporating all the known refinements in oscillography. Write for full details. - - -'3rush INSTRUMENTS DIVISION OF ~"2!i§J J7TH AND PERKINS. CLEVELAND 14, OHIO CIRCLE 901 ON READER SERVICE CARD 7" Direct-View DST- RCA-C73983- The ability to store information for many seconds at ini t ial brightness levels makes the C73983 highly suit · able for use in display systems employing very slow sca nning speeds such as long-range radar, slow-scan TV, and sonar. A selective erasing feature permits the displaye d information to be retained at fu ll brightness until it is to be replaced by new in fo rma tion . The C73983 provides a 5'/··inch-diameter di sp lay having sufficient brightness to permit viewing in well-lighted areas. 10" Direct-View DST- RCA-4412- The ability to store information f or many seconds while continuously pre senting it in a large non-flic ke ring display makes the 4412 a hi ghly recommended tube for special electronic display systems. The range of possi ble applications in whi ch the 4412 may be used is extended to the most sophisticated military-airborne equipment by an ex· tremely ru gged tube structure . 5" Direct-View DST- RCA-7268- High brightness and an adjustable rat e of information decay make the 7268 highly useful for the display of informatio n under daylight-viewi ng condition s in airbo rn e fire-control radar systems. This tube provides a ful l 4-inch-diameter displ ay having exce ll ent un iformity and positional accuracy under the severe environmental conditions en· countered in airborne military equipment. RCA DISPLAY STORAGE TUBES A Line Tailored to Your Application Reliability, high resolution, and writing speeds tailored to your application make RCA Display Stora ge Tubes ideal for data readout, sonar, radar, or your special electronic display system. Offering a wide choice of levels of brightness and resolution in half-tone display, most of these tubes are ruggedly designed to withstand severe environmental conditions of altitude, temperature, humidity, vibration, and shock. RCA's Display Storage Tube line offers you a choice of display area, single or multiple writing guns, and eiectrostatic or magnetic deflection. Ask about them locally at your authorized RCA Industrial Tube Di stributor. RCA FIELD OFFICES -OEM SALES: Newark 2, N. J., 32-36 Green St., (201) 485-3900 ·Chicago 54, 111., Suite 1154, Merchandise Mart Plaza , (312) 527-2900 ·l as Angeles 22, Calif., 6801 E. Washington Blvd., (213) RA 3·8361 ·GOVERNMENT SALES: Harrison, N. J., 415 South Fifth St., (201) 485·3900 · Dayton 2, Ohio, 224 N. Wilkinson St., (513) 461 -5420 · Washington 6, D. C., 1725 "K" St., N.W., (202) FE 7·8500 · INTERNATIONAL SALES: RCA In ternational Div., Clark, N. J., (201) 382·1000 ALSO AVAILABLE FROM YOUR AUTHORIZED RCA INDUSTRIAL TUBE DISTRIBUTOR SEND FOR NEW RCA DISPLAY STORAGE TUBE BOOKLET, 1G1144 This booklet, 1Gll44, contains information on RCA 's Di sp lay Storage Tube l ine. It is available by writing: Commercial Engineering, Section A-19-Q-3, RCA Electronic Components and Devices, Harrison, N. J. \ .The Most Trusted Name in ElectronicsAdobe Acrobat 11.0.13 Acrobat 11.0.13 Paper Capture Plug-in