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Software Age V03 N11 196911

PROGRAMMERS

There's no better time to expand your horizons
JOIN THE
CREATIVE
WORLD OF

Xerox Data Systems, formerly Scientific Data Systems, has expanded from serving only the scientific community to now include the fields of education, medicine, government, and general business. Our rapid growth, enlarged interests, and proud new name create exciting and challenging opportunities for those professionals interested in accelerating their own personal careers. Seize your creative opportunity NOW!
If your skills match any of those listed below
. . . don't delay . . . contact us today i
· Business Software Development
· Systems Programmers Compilers/ Assemblers Time Sharing Real Time Operating Systems Specialists
· Utility Programmers
· Linear .Programmers
· Application Software Product Managers
· Business Applications J:>rogrammers
· Programming Instructors
· Diagnostic Programming
· Computer Analysts (to support sales}

xos

Call collect or send resume to: Mr. Carl Kundman (213) 679-4511

Xerox Data Systems
701 South Aviation Blvd., El Segundo, California 90245
An Equal Opportunity Employer

OR BETTER YET ASK TO SEE US AT THE BICi XDS DISPLAY AT THE FJCC

software age®

NOVEMBER, 1969

Vol. 3-No. 11

5 Conference Countdown

7 Personal Lines

8 FJCC Preview

18 New Product Preview

28 A General Logic Simulation Program Robert Marsh

37 Use of Mathematics to Perform Bit Manipulation Lt. c ·olonel Edwin Hudspeth

41 Financial Currents

45 Trouble Tran's Adventures in Fortran

47 From Better to Best Tips for Good Programming Marilyn Bohl and Arline Bohl Walter

51 Better Books

59 Marketplace

61 S/A's Confidential Inquiry Form

62 Index of Advertisers

Publisher ....................... .. . David W. French Editor ........................... . .. John F. Sikora Managing Editor ....... .. ............. Elspeth Taylor Editorial Assistant ...................... Laura Brandt Traffic Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Betsy Pavkovich Circulation ............................ Ann Vickers Business .......................... Stephenie Jensen Resume Control ................... . .. Sue Bullington

CIRCULATION OF THIS ISSUE MORE THAN 130,000 BPA Audit Applied For

SOFTWARE AGE
2211 FORDEM AVENUE, MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 PHONE: (608) 249-0128 OR (800) 356-8141
R. John Antil
Los Ange/es, Calif.: Richard Faust, 9800 S. Sepulveda Blvd. (213) 77fHl100
San 1-rancisco, Calif. : Ernesto Montano, 595 Buckingham Way, Suite 226 (415) 731-8240
Philadelphia , Pa . : Richard D. Clemmer, 27 Acoma Lane, Collegeville, Pa. (215) 489-9141
Houston , Texas: W . Royce House, 4040 Southwest Freeway, Houston, Texas (713) 622-2868
SOFTWARE AGE is published monthly by
~ress tech inc.
2211 Fordem Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53701 Subscription free to qualified readers. Others, 10/yr. Individual copies, $1. Foreign subscriptions, $15/yr. For change of address please return your address label from the magazine. Controlled circulation postage paid at Madison, Wisconsin.

OCTOBER, 1969

THE
POWER SYSTEMS DIVISIONS
OF
NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL
a has Range of Openings
within Computing & Data Processing FOR
PROGRAMMERS
(Business Appl. & Software)
AND
SYSTEM ANALYSTS (Business Systems)
·HARDWARE-IBM S/360
Models 50 & 65
·SOFTWARE
Cobol, BAL, QTAM, ASP, OS-MFT II, MVT
· APPLICATIONS ORIENTATION
On Line T/P Large Random Access Data Bases
Personnel capable and interested in complex computer systems and concepts are invited for an interview and discussion.
· For Prompt, Confidential Attention, Send Your Inquiry and Resume to: S. C. Mayborn,
cl o Professional Placement POWER SYSTEMS DIVISIONS 6633 Canoga Avenue Canoga Park, California 91304
Power Systems Divisions
North American Rockwell
An Equal Opportunity Employer
3

conference countdown

NOVEMBER
17-18 Digital Equipment Computer Users Society Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada. Contact: Angela Cossette, Digital Equipment Computer Users Society, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754.

17-19

1969 IEEE Symposium on Adaptive Processes (8th), Penn. State University, State College, Penn. Contact: Prof. G. J. McMurtry, Electrical Engineering Dept., Penn State University, University Park, Penn. 16802.

18-20 Fall Joint Computer Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada. Contact: AFIPS, 245 E. 47th St., New York, New York 10017.

19-20 ACUTE (Accountants Computer Users Technical Exchange) Conference, Atlanta, Georgia. Contact: ACUTE, 947 Old York Rd., Abington, Pa., 19001.

20-21

IEEE Computer Group Data Acquisition & Control Workshop Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada. Contact: Dr. Albert Hopkins, MIT Instrument Lab., Station #35, 75 Cambridge Pkwy., Cambridge, Mass. 02142.

20-21 1969 Data Processing Conference, Empire Division (13) , New York, N. Y. Contact: Registrar, Conference '69, P.O. Box 1926, Grand Central Station, New York, N. Y.

DECEMBER
1- 3 Second International Forum on " Data Entry", Hollywood, Florida. Contact: Robin B. Connors, International Business Forms Industries, 5223 River Road, Washington, D. C. 20016.

8-10 Third Conference on Applications of Simulation, Los Angeles, Calif. Contact: Mr. Arnold Ockene, Simulation Associates, Inc., 600 North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. 10601.

8-10 IFIP Conference on Computer Management, Manchester, England. Contact : Malcolm Gotterer, Computer Science Dept., Penn. State University, 426 McAllister Building, University Park, Penn. 16802.

18-20

Third International Symposium on Computer and Information Science, Bal Harbour, Miami Beach, Fla. Contact: Dr. Julius Tou, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. 32601.

27-28 Annual Meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic, New York, N. Y. Contact: Dr. Barwise, Dept. of Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, Conn . 06520.

JANUARY, 1970
14-16 1970 International Conference on System Sciences (IEEE), Honolulu, Hawaii. Contact: Dr. Richard Jones, 2565 The Mall, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 .
20-22 Computer Software and Peripherals Show and Conference, Eastern Region, New York, N. Y. Contact: Show World, Inc., 37 West 39th St., New York, N.Y.10018.
FEBRUARY
17-19 Computer Software and Peripherals Show and Conference, Midwestern Region, Chicago, Ill. Contact: Show World, Inc. 37 West 39th St., New York, N. Y. 10018.
NOVEMBER, 1969

Programmers and systems analysts ...
Join the winning team m
computer technology
Major computer systems development in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Mr. W.R. Short Univac Employment Manager, Dept. SA119 Data Processing Division 2276 Highcrest Drive Roseville, Minnesota 55113
Openings in al/ levels of programming for Navy ASW programs.
Mr. John Spearing Univac Site Manager, Dept. SA119 P.O. Box 147 Warminster, Pa. 18974
Advanced software development on commercial systems and technical marketing support at Univac world headquarters. Mr. L. G. Holliday Univac Employment Manager Data Processing Division, Dept. SA119 P.O. Box 8100 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Sophisticated defense and aero space assignments in the Midwest and Far West.
Mr. Charles Kay Univac Employment Manager Federal Systems Division, Dept. SA119 2750 West 7th Blvd. St. Paul, Minnesota 55116
Programmers and systems analysts for home office and overseas assignments.
Mr. Donald Uppman Univac Employment Manager International Division, Dept. SA119 P.O. Box 8100 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Systems analysts for developing applications using communication and terminal devices.
Mr. Brent Redd Univac Employment Supervisor, Dept. SA119 322 North 21st West Salt Lake City, Utah 84116

UNIVAC

An Equal Opportunity Employer M/F

The imaginative computer.
6

There's no such animal ... yet. There are, however, imaginative computer programmers. And Lockheed in Sunnyvale is looking for these people.
To lure programmers, Lockheed promises not to cage them in one specific area of programming. Programmers
may choose to specialize in one area (reentry problems, for example) or they can move
from one area to anotherscientific areas as varied as
astrodynamics, automatic checkout and graphic systems;
and administrative areas as diverse as business appli-
/J:. cations and government
;~~~111~\l\':~ in~~~;::~~no~i:::~·~
·:-.t:_ ~ .. ::· widest range of
r ~ ~';> computer assignments
~/;' :-.~ in the country today so
programmers will always find a field to stimulate their imaginations.
As a further incentive to programmers, Lockheed's 25-million-dollar computation center includes the most up-to-date digital computers and two of the most sophisticated and powerful hybrid computer systems in the country.
Imaginative computer programming has been, and will continue to be, instrumental in many of Lockheed's aerospace successes. Delivery of the first Polaris missile two years ahead of schedule was due in a large part to the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) developed by Lockheed programmers in conjunction with the Navy. Now Lockheed programmers are developing configuration data management systems for on-line, real-time computer analysis of manufacturing, financial, and personnel related data.
If you are a computer programmer, whose imagination is trapped by the same programs day after day after day ... FREE IT! Send your resume, as soon as possible, to Mr. H. W. Bissell, Professional Placement Manager, Post Office Box 504, Sunnyvale, California 94088. Lockheed is an equal opportunity employer.
LOCKHEED
MISSILES & SPACE COMPANY
A GROUP DIVISION OF LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
SOFTWARE AGE

P-ersonal lines

,--------------,
COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS:
"HOWARD LEVIN IS PROBABLY
THE WORLD'S BEST QUALIFIED*
EDP EMPLOYMENT AGENT"

William H. Hamilton has joined the International Reservations Corporation, a subsidiary of the Planning Research Corporation, as Manager of its recently announced American Automobile Association (AAA) reservation system program.
The program, one of the largestscale reservation system projects ever undertaken , is designed to enable AAA clubs anywhere in the United States to place instant free reservations for AAA members with up to 10,000 AAAapproved hotels and motor hotels nationwide.
Hamilton and his program staff, working with a counterpart AAA group, will be responsible for the implementation of a system that is projected to place 48 million reservations for the accommodations industry over the five year term of the contract-a number which represents approximately $1 billion of revenue to the accommodations industry.
Dr. Edward M. Davis, Jr., has been promoted to Division Director of Development, Components Division, International Business Machines Corporation. He will be responsible for all development and product engi·neering within the Components Division, which produces microelectronic component products used in the company's data processing systems . . . Arthur Rubin has rejoined Electronic Associates, Inc., as Senior Technical Staff Consultant on the Scientific Advisor's Staff, Computer Division. He will engage in studies and development work leading to new analog/ hybrid computer systems . . . Harold Sanders has joined Applied Logic Corporation as Senior Quality Assurance Engineer, with major responsibility for AL/COM Time-Sharing Network and Equipment reliability and standards.
· David H. Axner has joined the staff of Datapro Research, a division of Computer Conversions, Inc., as Editor of DATAPRO 70, an encyclopedic looseleaf guide to EDP hardware and software. . . . Alan Taylor has been named Research Consultant to DATAPRO 70 . . . Cammed , subsidiary of Comress, Inc., has named Keith W. Sehnert, M. D. , Vice President and Director of Research and Development. Commed is developing automated medical information systems and providing service to hospitals, medical
NOVEMBER, 1969

clinics, individual physicians and pharmaceutical firms ... Ronald G. Donoghue has been appointed Manager of Management Information Systems of National-Standard Company, to supervise the overall activities of a third generation computer being acquired by the company.
Kenneth J. Thomas has been named senior systems analyst of Computer Response Corporation ' s Boston area office, and Charles F. Mather has been named a Consultant in Systems Management in the same office ... James R. Thompson has joined Tel-Tech Corporation as a Senior Engineer responsible for the design, development and production of data communications equipment . . . Stanley P. Eikoos has been named Manager of Career Development and Education, and Stephen J. McGrath has been appointed Manager of Personnel Policy and Planning by Computer Technology Inc.
Data Management Services, Inc., has appointed Robert J. MacBain to the new post of Manager, Research and Planning, for the firm's Implementation Division headquartered in Philadelphia. Its Implementation Division provides proprietary software packages, systems analysis, and contract programming . . . Allen J. Berg, assistant data processing supervisor at Maynard Electric Steel Casting Co., Milwaukee, has been named operations manager of the firm's data processing service bureau division, Maynard Data Processing, which features total data processing service coupled with OCR, Optical Character Recognition, inputs . . . Edwin H. Bowers will direct computer-based consulting services offered to bank trust departments by Scientific Resources Corporation, Philadelphia . . . Richard J. Petschauer, Vice President-Research and Engineering for Fabri-Tek, Inc., has been named President and General Manager of the firm's newlyformed Memory Products Division.
John E. Parady has been named Systems Manager for Marketing Systems Incorporated (MSI) where his chief responsibilities will include the continuing development and coordination of a national field force of professional Systems Engineers to support MSI customers in systems planning, programming, training, and implementation. In addition, he will be involved in new product and software development.

*MBA, Personnel management; 5 years industrial personnel experience for a major electronics and computer firm; 5 years hands-on computer programming and systems analysis experience; Di· rector and placement counsellor for RSVP SERVICES since 1966.
His personal services are free and con-
venient. Why settle for less?
SERVING
PHILADELPHIA, NEW JERSEY, NEW YORK
N.J. (609) 667-4488 CALL COLLECT: PHILA. (215) 922-3993
(24 HOUR LIVE ANSWERING SERVICE) or send resume or rough notes of objective, salary, education, and experience to:
HOWARD LEVIN Director, Dept. S
RSVP SERVICES ONE CHERRY HILL MALL (Suite 714) CHERRY HILL, N.J., 08034 ·
I Recruitment, Selection, Vocational Training, Place·
--------------""' ment for Computer Oriented Companies
\.
ADVANCEMENT MINDED?

The Metropolitan New York area offers outstanding opportunities in the field of Data Processing.
WELLS RECRUITING SYSTEMS, INC.
one of the nation's leading EDP groups, is now placing qualified Programmers and Analysts in exceptionally rewarding positions with over 1500 client firms in such industries as Petrochemical, Financial, Transportation, Manufacturing, and Consulting.

Applications include:
COMMERCIAL, COMMUNICATIONS, SCIENTIFIC, and HARDWARE SOFTWARE DESIGN.
For an accurate and prompt evaluation of the opportunities that exist for you, call or send a resume to:

WELLS RECRUITING SYSTEMS, INC.

170 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10038 212-964-5566

'-~---~------~~~~~-'

For more information, circle No. 2

on the Reader Service Card

1969 fa.II joint computer con-Ferenc«

location ?

1,0 1 1,1

I 1 1,2

I1 I

3 I

AUD
ues GOLD
~OY 1-2-3 18
15-16

1 operating systems

array logic-logic for the 70's

design

computers (panel)

for

congress

the computer security privacy controversy

and

programming languages language processors

and

new computer architectures

architecture long term r

digit.al simulation of continuous systems

problems in medical data processing

publishing computing

v
(J

information management
AUD 11 systems for the 70's (panel)

We~ GOLD

what happened promises?

lsi

Nov 1-2-3 13 graphics processing

rn 15-16

managing computers

money (panel)

with

conference luncheon international
hotel

data base and file management strategies

16 circuitI memory innovations

the for

impact of standardization the 70's (panel)

18 using computers in education

AUD 21

proprietary software products (panel)

fhur GOLD 22 peripherals and displays

Nov 1-2-3

computer aided of computers

design

20 15-16 24

management problems in hybrid computer facilities

computer microfilm

output systems

communications: its future in data processing

27 topical papers

hybr!d ~omputer appl1cat1ons

real-time. hybrJi computational

Wed Nov 19 Evening Schedule

]

tO 1

AUD
GOLD 15-16

computer rel·a·ted social
19 problems: effective action
alternatives (panel)
developing a software
20 engineering discipline
(panel)
feducation meeting

SoFTwARE AcE

·························································································

This year the Fall Joint Computer

Conference will take place in Las

Vegas, Nevada. Headquarters for

the conference will be the Las

Vegas Convention Center, which is

located about 1 block from the

famous Las Vegas "strip". The ex-

hibition will be the "biggest ever"

for a computer conference. Almost

350 companies will display their

products and services in 988 ex-

hibit booths in the Exhibit Halls of

the Convention Center and in the

nearby Sahara Hotel.

Registration for the Conference

will start Monday, November 17 at

6:00 p.m ., although it is not re-

quired for the Tuesday morning

technical sessions. Following the

first day's sessions there will be an

All Conference Reception at the

Stardust Hate I (6-8 p.m.). On Wednesday, November 19, there will be an All Conference Luncheon at the International Hotel. During the luncheon the 1969 Harry Goode Memorial Award and the Best Paper Award will be presented. The Recipient of a third award, to be given in conjunction with the Fall Joint Computer Conference, will be announced following the conference and a plaque will be presented at -the Spring Joint Computer Conference in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Numerous exciting and different activities will be taking place concurrently with the 29 technical sessions.
The Computer Science and Art Theater will be active Tuesday,

NOVEMBER, 1969

These two color photos and the black a·nd white shots on the next page were taken in Boston at the Spring Joint Computer Conference. These photos show one or two of the hundreds of equipment displays that were part of the exhibit at S]CC. A similar, but larger, Exhibit will be held at the Fall Joint Computer Conference for all the FJCC conferees at the Las Vegas Convention Center (left).
9

In addition to the activities that are related to the Fall Joint Computer Conference there will be a wide choice of Las Vegas entertainment on the "Las Vegas Strip" and in the Downtown Casino Center, including the following:

Buddy Hackett Filles de Soulskin Phil Harris and Harry James
Bob Newhart
Frank Sinatra, Jr. and the Doodletown Pipers
Dinah Shore
Righteous Brothers with Bobby Hatfield John Davidson Shecky Greene and Sonny King Jimmie Rogers Gaylord and Holiday Flower Drum Song
Sandler and Young with Corbett Monica
Al Martino-Dick Shawn
Rosemary Clooney 1969 Folies Bergere Rusty Warren with Wayne Cochran

Hotel Sahara, Congo Room Hotel Sahara, Casbar Theatre Frontier Hotel, Music Hall
through Wednesday Frontier Hotel, Music Hall
starting Thursday Frontier Hotel, Circle F Theatre
The Sands, Copa Room through Tuesday
The Sands, Celebrity Theatre The Riviera Motel, Versailles Room The Riviera Hotel, Starlight Theatre Caesars Palace, Circus Maximus Caesars Palace, Roman Theatre Thunderbird Hotel, Continental
Theatre Flamingo Hotel, Flamingo Room
through Wednesday Flamingo Hotel, Flamingo Room
starting Thursday Tropicana Hotel, Blue Room Tropicana Hotel, Theatre Restaurant Flamingo Hotel, Casino Theatre
through Wednesday

Man-Computer Interactive Systems
Airlift Center of the World LOCKHEED-GEORGIA
A D1v1s1on of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

Lockheed is continuing to expanq its efforts in interactive systems and has immediate openings in its research laboratory.
The company is a leader in research, development and implementation of computeraided design, computer graphics and man-computer interactive systems.
Positions are available in design and research in interactive computer and data management systems. Six years programming experience with a bachelor's degree or three years' programming experience with an advanced degree is required. Knowledge of digital computer executive systems and interactive computing is desirable.
If you are interested in expanding your career in this field and would like to join in some very interesting work, write U. D. McDonald, Employment Manager, Lockheed-Georgia Company, Dept. 6611, 2363 Kingston Court S.E., Marietta, Georgia 30060. Lockheed is an equal opportunity employer.

Wednesday and Thursday from 9 :00-11 :30 a.m. and from 1 :305 :00 p.m. The films that will be presented include the best available films on computer science as well as films in which an artistic presentation is made with the computer.
The Computer Art Exhibit will also feature the art that computers can produce. The AFIPS sponsored an art contest which received entries from many parts of this country as well as from other countries. Prizes were awarded to the first three place winners in two categories: "The Artist Looks at Computing", in which scenes or abstractions must relate to computing or its implications; and "Computerproduced Art". All of the entries of the contest will be on exhibit for FJCC attendants to enjoy.
The best available music composed with computer assistance or played on a computer will be presented at the conference music exhibit at the International Hotel. The exhibit will be open frorn 9 :00 a.m. to 5 :00 p.m. TuesdayThu rsday.
Tours of the Sheriff's Computer Operation for Protection and Enforcement will be offered during FJCC at nine different times. Tickets will be available at no charge during registration.

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The cover of November SOFTWARE AGE was the second place winner in the computer generated art category of the AFIPS sponsored art contest. The entry is entitled Solar Maelstrom and it was produced by Malcolm T. Malm, a Univac photographer. The forms distinguishable on the photographs -triangles, lines and points-were programmed randomly into a Univac Computer. The rotating, tumbling figures were projected or played on several random sequences-onto an accompanying graphics display console. (The computer and Graphics Display console used, comprise the Univac 1557/58 Graphics Display Subsystem.) Malm draped the area around the console shutting out all light except that produced by images on the tube. Using a 4-by-5 inch view camera with color negative film, he took a time exposure of each moving object, passing red, blue and green filters over the lens at random intervals.
"We were photographing something a machine was doing, but we injected the elements of time and color", said Malm.
Since no record of elapsed time for each exposure, the time each filter was used or the sequences in which various shapes appeared, "It would be almost humanly impossible to produce the same identical pattern in a photograph."
The first prize entry, shown above with the 3 judges of the computer art contest, was done by Manfred Schroeder, Professor of

Physics at Germany's University of Goettingen. From left to right the judges are Maurice Tuchman, Senior Curator ·of Modern Art at the Los Angeles Museum of Art, Robert Mallary, Associate Professor of Art at the University of Massachusetts, and Paul Thomas, Member of the Technical Staff, Autometics· Division of North American Rockwell Corp.

NOVEMBER, 1969

SEARCHING???
Systems Design ----------- --- 18-22K Finonciol/Accting. exp. Project Leaders -------------- 16-19K Commercial applies. System·s Analysts ______ ------ 13-1 7K Accting/Mfg. applies. Systems Analysts ____ ---- ---- T.o 20K Pion, create, design, new applies. Programmer Analysts --------- 13-16K Cobol/Bot for Software Marketing Mgrs. ------------- 18-30K Soles exp. Hardware or Software We continue to have an unusually heavy inflow of requisitions from Client companies throughout the Midwest and West Coast. These positions are in a wide range of specialties: Commercial as well os Scientific. Your Confidential inquiry will be personally handled by o professional E.D.P. specialist. He can, and will, locate that Prime Position you seek-promptly, ethically, and intelligently. Please contact Bob Swanson.
SEARCH INCORPORATED Suite 600
20 East Jackson Blvd. Chicago, Illinois 60604
(3121 922-6066
Client Companies pay all fees, including interview/relocation expense.
11

TECHNIC~L
SESSIONS

1. Tuesday, 9 :00-11 :45 a.m.
Auditorium
Operating Systems
Joseph W. Smith, Chairman
Each of the papers to be presented in this session will offer a distinct approach to the problem of handling complex computational paths that arise in multi-task environments.
M. Gonzalez and C. Ramamoorthy will present a survey of some of the techniques available for detection, recognition and execution of parallel processable streams of a computer program. Then they will develop two techniques, one for implicit recognition and representation, and the other for parallel processing of substructures within a task.
Jack Shemer and Douglas Heying have developed a mathematical model of a computational system which they use to analyze and compare a system's performance and tthe model's estimates.
Butler Lampson will discuss some of the problems for controlling the behavior of the various parts of a complex computation.
Richard Linde, Clark Weissman and Clayton Fox will describe a time sharing system that was primarily designed to support large programs and data files without the benefit of mapping or segmentation hardware.
In the last presentation in the first ses-
sion J. Braun and A. Gartenhaus will de-
scribe a system that was designed to permit background programs to get a fair share of resources in an on-line real-time environment.
2. Tuesday, 9 :00-11 :45 a.m.
Gold Room
Array Logic-Logic Design of
the 70's
Donald Meier, Chairman
This session will be devoted to the treatment of system design with LSI. The emphasis will he divided between new system organization and the development of LSI technology. The aim of the session is to speed the progress toward the day

when LSI can be applied to general logic. R. Henle, I. Ho, G. Maley and R. Wax-
man will discuss read-only store, readonly associative memory and Solid Logic Technology arrays. Besides discussing each type of array, the authors will also describe and compare the various arrays' applications to logic design.
F. Erwin and James McKevitt will discuss a universal architecture for designing digital systems with specified, functionally oriented building blocks-characters. The emphasis of the paper will be the elimination of logic design and tihe universal application of the few LSI characters to a very broad range of digital requirements.
Kenneth Thurber will describe a solution to fault testing in cellular arrays. First he will derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the location of a single error and obtain an algorithm to locate the error in a number of tests. Second, a criterion will be given which allows the detection of an error in an arbitrary cell in only two tests.
C. Ramamoorthy and S. Economides will continue this session witth the discussion of cellular array implementation of a complete binary multiplication unit primarily for LSI realization.
Don Calhoun will conclude with a description of a Pad Relocation technique that is an efficient means of LSI yield enhancement.
3. Tuesday, 9:00-11 :45 a.m.
Rooms 1-2-3
Computers for Congress (panel)
Martin Greenberger, Chairman
This session will engage in a discussion of the various possibilities of extending computer application to include congressional problems and needs. The panel consists of a Congressman, John Twmey; a political scientist, John Saloma III; a businessman, John Horty; and Robert L. Chartrand, Library of Congress, who has been working on the interlace between computers and Congress. Chartrand will present a position paper in which he will discuss several systems that have been developed to enhance chamber, committee and member efficiency. He will also

explore tihe potential of the systems approach by the Legislative Branch to improve the functioning of Congress.
4. Tuesday, 9:00-11 :45 a.m.
Rooms 15-16
The Computer Security and Privacy Controversy
Jerome Lobel, Chairman
This session will focus on the fundamental issues and problems of the controversial subject of computer and communications security and privacy.
In the first presentation, R. Skatrud will describe two digital cryptographic techniques which may have potential applications in Data Processing Systems. He will also touch on some possible ways of achieving key leverage in eaoh ciphering process.
The second paper, to be presented by Clark Weissman, will give a formal set theoretic model that defines time-sharing in security control of user terminal, job and file security objects, based upon their security profiles. The presentation will conclude with a recapitulation of t:he goals of ADEPT security control, approximate costs of implementation and operation of security controls, and suggested extensions and improvements.
Edward Comber will present the third paper of the session. He contends that an adequately designed computer-controlled data management system has a greater potential to protect "privacy" than any manual or mechanical system and will discuss this point.
Following these presentations, William DeLair, Phillip Scheidermayer, and Willis Ware will discuss some of the controversial questions related to and brought out by tthe three papers.
5. Tuesday, 1 :30-5 :30 p.m.
Auditorium
Programming Languages and Language Processors
Robert McClure, Chairman
The first two papers of this session will concern themselves with syntax directed language processors. Victor Schneider will present a new syntax for EULER (a generalization of ALGOL with many features of LISP) as well as specifications on how EULER is translated; and James Vander Mey, Robert Varney and Robert Patchen will describe a general syntax directed macro pre-processor system.
In the third paper Prentiss Knowlton will describe an algebraic extension to LISP, the reverse of the usual process of embedding list processing facilities into an algebraic language.
William Josephs will then tum the discussion to an interesting teeihnique for debugging on-line for the IBM System 360 operating under OS/360. The method should prove very useful to assembly language programmers who would like to reduce debugging time. Robert Freiburghouse will present the final paper of the session, describing the organization of a

SoFTwARE AcE

machine independent PL/I compiler and the implementation of that compiler on the Multics Operating System.
The Panel: W. M. McKeeman, Richard Wexelblat, Roy Davis and C. W. Medlock will discuss the papers and the current trends in programming systems.
6. Tuesday, 1 :15-3-15 p.m.
Gold Room
Forthcoming Computer Architectures
James Burrows, Chairman
This session will review some of the implications in user interface, software design, programming and hardware design, that must be faced in the development of new systems.
The first paper, by P. M. Melliar-Smith, will propose a technique whereby a programmer is provided with complex instructions capable of controlling the operation of the whole machine during one logic cycle.
R. Watson, T. Myer, I. Sutherland and M. Vosbury will describe, in the second paper, a general purpose display system for a time-shared computer. The design includes a push-down stack system in which saved information is marked with the register of its origin. The authors view the display processor more as a computer than as an 1/0 device.
R. Murphy will describe a System Logic in the third presentation. It is intended for application in exploring and developing new concepts of computer organization and programming.
]. Pariser and H. Maurer will conclude this session with a description of the system design and analysis of a modular computer using prespecified, functionally organized building blocks (called functional characters).
As you can see from the above brief descriptions, the emphasis of the presentations will be on overall design as related to the use, and measurement where available, rather than implementation design embodied in the hardware.
7. Tuesday, 1 :30-4:00 p.m.
Rooms 1-2-3
Digital Simulation of Continuous Systems
David Brandin, Chairman
'Dhe seventh session will address itself to the problem of digital and hybrid software for simulation of continuous systems, to the evolution of the technology from digital to hybrid simulation languages, and to the corresponding executive software systems.
The first paper, Project Dare, by Granino Korn, will demonstrate economical and convenient all-digital on-line simulation of dynamical systems. The capabilities of each of the four DARE systems will be described as they relate to the topic of the session.
Donald Miller and Michael Merritt will talk along the same lines as Korn, but they will concern themselves with t·he

MOBSSL-UAF, a block structured continuous system simulation language derived from MIDAS and PACTOLUS. The hybrid interface elements of this system permit on-line parameter changes to be made and also permit the observation of the affects on analog plotting devices.
The third paper will present a comprehensive approach for the design of a complete hybrid programming system in terms of four distinct language levels and tihe processing between these levels. In conclusion a paper will be presented by Walter Graves and R. MacDonald that will describe the philosophy used in designing and developing the hybrid executive which was employed in a large hybrid simulation in support of tihe Apollo Program.
8. Tuesday, 1 :00-3 :15 p.m.
Rooms 15-16
Problems in Medical Data Processing
Richard Johns, Chairman
The problem of computer data processing, as applied to Medical Science, will be explored in this session. The various areas of application include 1hospital information, patients' medical diagnoses, medical image processing and pattern recognition, and many other topics.
In the first paper Robert Greenes, A. Neil Pappalardo, Curtis Marble and G. Octo Barnett will discuss the hospital data Management as it has been applied at Massachusetts General Hospital.
The second paper will focus on the educational possibilities of the computer in medical science. The authors, John Weber and Wilbur Hagamen, will describe the current system, using tutorial discussions and programmed instruction, at Cornell Medical School.
11he overview of these problems and the many others in the area will be discussed by L. Weed, M. Mendelsohn and J. Mayne.
9. Tuesday, 3 :30-5 :30 p.m.
Gold Room
Architectures for Long Term Reliability
William L. Martin, Chairman
This session will direct itself to the problem of achieving reliable computer systems, even in t'he presence of hardware failure. Each of the papers in the session will present an aspect of the goal of achieving high reliability.
H. Chang and J. Scanlon will describe several design principles including: planning a processor organization, designing logic circuits, and diagnostic and fault detection tests. They will also touch upon the significance of modularization accessibility and observability, system recovery and unwinding mechanisms, and interfacing techniques for fault isolation in planning a processor organization.
M. Ball and F. Hardie will focus on the problem of .evaluating t'he detectability of different classes of intermittent faults.

F. Erwin and E. Bersoff will continue the session by discussing the reliability of modular computer organization on unattended long-term missions.
The final paper of the session will be presented by E. Dieterich and L. C. Kaye. 1\hey will describe an airborne computer intended for large-scale command and control applications. High reliability is projected through the use of two Central Processing Units and two Input/Output Units by which maximum throughput is obtained with all the processing units operating simultaneously and independently.
10. Tuesday, 3:30-6:00 p.m.
Rooms 15-16
Publishing Versus Computing (Panel)
Bret Nebel, Chairman
The panel for Session 10 will direct itself to the discussion of special considerations that must be made for the computer systems that will provide technological support for scientific and commercial information management, and for publishing systems that are being developed today. The panel is made up of members of the publishing and computing fields and includes: Lynn Abbott of the Los Angeles Times; Kenneth Schurr of the Miami Herald Publishing Co.; Aaron Coleman, RCA; Robert Jefferson, IBM Corp.; Lawrence Urdang, Publishing Consultant; and Robert S. Cope of AutoGraphics, Inc.
11. Wednesday, 9:00-11 :45 a.m.
Auditorium
Information Management Systems for the 70's (Panel)
Paul S. Collins, Chairman
This panel is going to review the national, industrial, governmental and higher education business organizations' experience in applying advanced computer software and hardware technology of the 60's. It will assess ~hese efforts in the business information systems applications and will establish factors that should be considered for more effective utilization of existing and anticipated computer hardware capabilities. The panelists will include: Ben Erdman and Robert Sanders, USAF Defense Communications Agency; S. K. Chooljian, Hughes Aircraft; Jack Myers, Butler Data Systems; John P. Singleton, Federal Reserve Board; and Eric Wolf, Naval Command Systems.
12. Wednesday, 9 :00-11 :45 a.m.
Gold Room
What Happened to LSI Promises?
Arthur Lipton, Chairman
This session will be devoted to the appraisal of the promises of LSI. The participants will try to ascertain whether LSI's present failings are due to an irrevocable or temporary delay.

NOVEMBER, 1969

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14

In t'he first paper of the session, H. Rudenberg will appraise the past promises and the present accomplishments of LSI. Some of the broken promises and dilemmas of the component makers are also to be discussed along with the reasons for the misunderstanding about the meaning of state-of-the-art as applied to devices and computers.
In the second paper Clarence Thornton attributes the delays in implementing LSI to three major factors:
I. Specific limitations that existed in the IC state-of-the-art at the time of the original LSI announcements were unknown or uncontrolled until recently.
2. Gross underestimates were made of the amount of engineering required to upgrade untegrated circuit manufacturing and user capabilities.
3. The belief that the integrated circuit designers would be able to do the majority of the required subsystems design and the custom chip design.
The two panelists for this sessions are: Howard Steenbergen, Air Force Avionics Lab; and John Willner, Hughes Aircraft Corp.
13. Wednesday, 9:00-11 :30 a.m.
Rooms 1-2-3
Topics in On-Line Techniques
Morton Bernstein, Chairman
Each of the papers in this session will deal with some combination of graphics, man-machine interaction, time-sharing, online computation and real-time processing. Trhe first paper, by Jerrold Grochow, will investigate the problem of dynamic observation of the state of a time-shared computer system. To do this he lhas developed the Graphical Display Monitoring System (GDM) and he will explain the advantages and disadvantages of GDM and other types of monitoring.
Hugo DiGiulio and Paul Tuan will concern themselves with the use of interactive computer graphics for processing systems analysis network pictures. The purpose of the interactive graphics system is to provide a way to generate, manipulate, decompose, partition, simplify and display network pictures as a means of adhieving rapid convergence in manmachine experiments.
George Miller will present the final paper of this session. He will describe a system for real-time recognition of handwritten symbols using an electronic graphic tablet, a CRT display, and a timeshare computer.
14. Wednesday, 9:00-11 :30 a.m.
Rooms 15-16
Managing Money with Computers (Panel)
Robert Thaler, Chairman
This panel will discuss personal and business money management. Tony Lumpkin, of William O'Neil and Company, will

briefly comment on the use of the computer in brokerage firms . Les Goldberg, of the Valley National Bank, will mention the areas in personal money management that can be affected by the computer. B. C. Hogan, Corporation S, will mention the computer techniques that can be applied to accelerate the corporate cash flow; and Stanley Halper, of S. D. Leidesdorf and Co., will discuss the aspects of auditing a computer system responsible for financial management. Following these brief discussions by the panel members, a general discussion of money management and computers will take place.
15. Wednesday, 2 :00-5 :00 p.m.
Auditorium
Data Base and File Management Strategies
Robert Brown, Chairman
The first paper in this session, by Ned Chapin, will compare the available techniques for file organization in terms of the usual range of characteristics. Some of the techniques that Chapin will mention seem to offer a more attractive balance of characteristics than some of the better-known techniques.
John Files and Har.ry Huskey will discuss a method of coding a large file for information retrieval. The simplicity of the search facilitates implementation of the system on a small computer with access to a large bulk storage device.
For the tlhird paper, James Considine and Allan Weis will present the results of the establishment and maintenance of a storage hierarchy for an on-line data base. They will discuss a system designed to control the growtih of the data base and also they will report on the results of operation with the system. Ho-Nien Liu, William Peck and Paul Pol.lard will deal with the design of software for a large on-line data processing system and, in particular, with the resource management part of that system.
The final paper of session 15, by Stephen Kidd, will delve into the problem of incorporating a complex data structure for representing certain social science data. The scope of tihe language Kidd develops is extended to include statistics on data embedded in a hierarchial structure.
16. Wednesday, 2 :00-5 :00 p.m.
Gold Room
Circuit/Memory Innovations
Walter Kosonocky, Chairman
The 16th session will focus on an examination of new and significant developments in the area of implementation of logic and memory devices for applications in digital computer systems of the next decade. Papers will be presented by: Lutz Micheel, J. R. Burns and J. H. Scott; Thomas W. Hart, Jr., Durrell Hillis, John Marley, Robe.rt C. Lutz and Charles Hoffman; A. H. Bobeck, R. F. Fischer and A. J. Perneski; M. Blanchon and M. Carbone!; and L. A. Prohofsky and D. W. Morgan.

SOFTWARE AGE

17. Wednesday, 2:00-5:00 p.m. Rooms 1-2-3
The·Impact of Standardization for the 70's (Panel)
Louis Robinson, Chairman
Tihe effort to produce both national and international standards for the data processing industry got started in the 1960's; more data processing standards are likely to be produced each year in the 1970's. Th~s panel will discuss these standards as well as addressing itself to the questions below:
· What will be the ultimate usefulness and impact of these standards to the user?
· Will standards produce a convergence to a "single" style in data processing systems design?
· Will users benefit or pay a penalty as a price of the standardization effort?
· What effect will standardization have upon stifling innovation in data processing systems design?
· How representative of user interests of tthe standardization effort?
· How can awareness of the existing standards catalog affect one's planning for future data processing systems?
Panel: Thomas Steel, Jr., Joseph Harrison, L. Avanzino, Robert Bemer and Al Knipe.
18. Wednesday, 2:00-5:00 p.m.
Rooms 15-16
Using Computers in Education
Malcolm Golterer, Chairman
The application of computer technology to education has been met by several problems. For one thing, the computer is very expen.sive and, for another, one must be a highly skilled computer operator or programmer to utilize the computer effectively. Different areas in which these problems have or have not been overcome will be discussed in this session.
David Robinson, in the first paper, will talk about a small computing system designed for use in undergraduate labs to instruct in the problem areas created by the realization of computers or computerlike systems.
Paul Oliver and Fred Brooks, Jr. will describe an interactive display system designed to be used as an aid in teaching selected topics in elementary numerical analysis.
In the third paper P. Lorton, Jr. and John Slimick will present a description of the software package used to teach the fundamentals of computer programming for business applications to inner city high school juniors and seniors.
Following the presentation of the papers, the panel will reveal the current status of computers in education and they will discuss the role of computers
NOVEMBER, 1969

in education in the future. The panelists include: John Hamblen, Southern Regional Education Board; Roger Levien, The Rand Corp.; Thomas McConnell, Jr., Atlanta Public Schools; and Robert Seidel, Human Resources Research Office.

"Dee, Thanks.
oreat Sellinu Job."

19. Wednesday, 7:30-10:00 p.m.
Auditorium
Computer Related Social Prob-
lems: Effective Action Alternatives (Panel)
Don Lebell, Chairman
This 9anel will attempt to answer some of the questions listed below that have been brought up by the increasing concern over the social problems that are directly aggravated or ameliorated by the current growth of information systems and technology. These questions will be discussed from all perspectives by the panel and then further discussion will be encouraged from the audience. A follow-up session is scheduled for Thursday, Nov. 20 in anticipation of the wide concern for t'he social issues caused by computer and automation technology.
Some of the questions that will be brought up include:
· What are the computer-related social problems?
· What are their solutions? · What action alteratives have we individually and collectively?
· What are the costs, risks and consequences of these actions?

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The panel members will be: Paul Armer, Stanford University; Alan Butcher, Parsons and Williams (Denmark); H. R. J. Grosch, National Bureau of Standards; George ~elmer, University of California; K. Stephen Menger, Sperry Rand Corp.; Max Palevsky, Xerox Data Systems; and Thomas Rees, Congressman, 26th District of California.

20. Wednesday, 7:30-10:00 p.m. Gold Room
Developing a Software Engineering Discipline (Panel)
Kenneth Kolence, Chairman
This panel will consider the criteria which should be met by methodology claiming to be a part of a software engineering discipline. They will focus on three areas of consideration:
1. Hier arch design concepts and notation
2. Physics of program structure 3. Related Management techniques.·
The panel hopes to achieve some sort of definition of Software Engineering and it invites the conferees who attend the session to participate and contribute to the discussion. The panelists will include: Alex D' Agapeyett, Ken Chars1haf, Paul Metzelaar, K. Okashima and Julius Tou.

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Yes, the Callahan Center for Computer Professionals is opening a California offic~ on November 1st to service our clients west of the Mississippi.
Callahan-West will continue the same high standards which so many Computer Professionals on the East Coast hove come to depend on when in need of career placement service.
You, the applicant, pay no fees whatsoever with Callahan. There's no contract to sign. You may call and discuss your backgro.und. A resume is not required. You benefit from the close rapport which we have built over the past four years with hundreds of client companies all _over the world. Our dealings are in stri.ct confidence.

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Meet Wally Peterson. Wally is Director of our Western opera-

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Phone: (Area Code 213) 371-4659
Corporate Offices: 1819 JFK Blvd., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 (215) 561-1950
If it is more convenient, you may deposit yovr resume in the Cailahan Lock Box at the SOFTWARE AGE Resume Center in the Frontier Hotel-November 18th to 20th.
Visit us at the Hacienda Hotel during FJCC. Sp~ak with a technical manager, who will be with us to discuss -excellent opportunities including overseas openings.

21. Thursday, 9:00-11 :45 a.m.
Auditorium
Proprietary Software Products (Panel)
Robert Head, Chairman
Session 21 will be a discussion of "proprietary software products", which have been defined to include systems software, accounting systems, management aids, and scientific packages. The major emphasis of the discussion will be speculative, in that the panelists will attempt to anticipate what major developments will occur in the 70's.
The panel will include: Peter Harris, David McElroy, Joseph Hootman and William Woolley.

22. Thursday, 9 :00-11 :45 a.m.
Gold Room
Hardware Techniques for Interfacing Man with the Computer
Robert Stuckelman, Chairman
This session will treat the fields of 1hardware displays and peripherals for realtime man/machine interface. It will cover the widely divergent topics of: a graphic input device, an analytic approach to display output queueing, an output display circuit technique, and a unique display implementation.
The contributors to this session: A. M. Hlady, T. W. Gay, Jr., Michael Dertouzos, Koji Nezu and Sachio Natio, have done their work in various parts of the United States, Canada and Japan.

- 23. Thursday, 9:00-11 :45 a.m. Rooms 1-2-3

Computer Aided Design of Computers
A. H. Halpin, Chairman

The essential questions to be answered by the authors and panelists of session
23 are:

· How much of the design process

should be automated? and

· What is tibe function of the designer in such a system?

To bring out the points relevant to these problems, each of the papers will focus itself on a specialized problem dealing with computer aided design of computers:

· The design of computer instruction sets;

· The selection of components and

· The design of LSI devices.

Following the presentations are partici-

pants will try and work out how these

particular pieces fit into a total system of

semi-automated design and what the role

of user interaction is, in such a system.

The authors of the papers to be pre-

sented are Fred Haney, Bruce Chubb and

William Orr; and the panelists are to be

Sergio Bernstein, Melvin Breuer and Alan

Hecht.

SoFTWARE AGE

28. Thursday, 1 :00-3 :30 p.m. Rooms 15-16

Hybrid Techniques and Applications
Walter Brunner, Chairman

The first and last papers of the 28th

24. Thursday, 9:00-11 :45 a.m.
Rooms 15-16
Man~gement Problems in Hybrid Computer Facilities (Panel)
Ray Lawrence, Chairman
Hybrid facilities are now found in all areas of computer application-industry, government, service bureaus, and universities. The panelists for this session, representing all these areas, will discuss problems of the operation of hybrid computers on almost all levels, with special emphasis on the special problems of the individual facility.
The panelists include Robert Barnett, Ames Research Center; Paul Berthiaume, Electronic Associates, Inc.; Stephen Kahne, University of Minn.; Carl Malstrom, Martin-Marietta Corp.; John Seilly, Computer Sciences Corp.; and Milton Warshawsky, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
25. Thursday, 1 :00-3 :00 p.m.

The .evaluation on which the system was based supports the theory that total hardware and communications costs favor a single processor site configuration. J. Sykes will investigate, for the second presentation, Inquiry-Response systems, as typified by reservation systems.
For the third paper, Wesley Chu will tell about a study of asynchronous time division multiplexing for time-sharing computer systems. The panel will include Joseph Wimbrow, James Castle, Robert Lucky and J. Kassan.
27. Thursday, 1 :00-3 :00 p.m.
Rooms 1-2-3
Topical Papers
Leon Blitzer, Chairman
Session 27 will offer five general interest papers in diverse areas. In the first paper David B. Mayer will discuss the attempts of computer professionals to train disadvantaged people for positions in the data processing industry, The second paper will present a new and convenient

session will direct themselves to the problem of simplifying the software for engineers so they can use the computer for solving their problems. Alan Carlson will discuss the use of a hybrid/ digital computer for tihe solution of chemical kinetic parameter identification problems while Philip Balaban will describe a hybrid computer program to aid in circuit analyses.
In the second paper D. J. Newman and J. C. Strauss will present a method for solving partial differential equations by model techniques on the hybrid computer. For the third paper Nelson Kemp will analyze the use of derivatives to compensate for time delay and D-to-A hold errors during hybrid solution to linear differential equations.
The panelists will be Edward Mitchell, L. Fogarty, A. Clymer and Elias Hochman.
29. Thursday, 3 :45-5 :30 p.m.
Rooms 15-16
Real-Time Hybrid Computations Systems

Auditotium

method for computation of partial derivatives frequently encountered in engineer-

Michael Burwen, Chairman

Computer Output Microfilm

ing applications (J. D. McCully).

In the last session of the Fall Joint

Systems

In the tihird paper, Nancy Clark and Computer Conference three papers will

Francis Goff, Chairman

W. Cody will present a new approach to be presented on the real-time hybrid exponentiation. This approach is supposed computing systems and the search of

1ihe 25th session will concern itself to limit errors to the least significant one

with the growth and development of com- or two bits rather than the former process

puter output microfilm (COM). The first which only "limited" errors to some 14

presentation, by Donald Avedon, will in- significant bits.

troduce the subject by giving an overview

The fourth paper, by H. Potash, A.

of: COM technology, the various types of Tyrrill, D. Allen, S. Joseph and G. Estrin

COM recorders, a comparison of the units, will present a pseudo-machine for the

and microfilm origination, dissemination simulation of new design digital systems

and retrieval systems.

to eliminate the need for hardware pro-

Steven Brown will then follow with a discussion of the software. problems encountered by those responsible for the design of computer microfilm applications. The third paper, by John Koeneman and John Schwanbeck will show ihow micro- ·film can solve the computer output prob-

totypes. For the final paper, S. K. Das and W. S. Mohn will discuss the interesting computer application of identifying speakers from high quality utterances. An average misclassification rate of only 1% was obtained altihough there was a "no decision" rate of 10%.

more cost-effective operating environments that will appeal to the user.
T. Strollo, R. Tomlinson, and E. Fiala will describe a new operating system permitting hybrid operations to occur in a time-sharing computer. Witzel and Hughes
will explain, for the second presentation, how tihey have used a digital computer, display terminal and space vehicle flight computer to enable programmers to check out flight programs in a simulated space flight environment. In the final paper,
J. Simmons, W. Benson, and J. P. Fiedler
will show how utilization can be improved by adapting the hybrid system to handle a new application.

lem. The panelists: Carl Nelson, R. C.

Leader and K. Otten, will ccmtinue to

discuss the issues brought up by the three paper presentations.
26. Thursday, 1 :00-4:00 p.m.

Gold Room

EDP-SYSTEMS

The Future in Data Processing with Communications
Merlin G. Smith, Chairman

In this session three presentations and

. a panel of four will address the issue of communications-oriented data processing

systems. The first paper, by Norman Ni-

senoff will describe the on-line, quasi

real-time data processing system of the

U. S. Anny civilian personnel system.

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NOVEMBER, 1969

IBW

A New Series of Encoders
Keymatic Data Systems Corp. of Bay Shore, New York, will be introducing the keymatic Series 1000 Encoders. The Series 1000 Encoders were designed primarily for the keyboarding of textually oriented data or information (both alpha and numeric) directly onto standard ~ inch computer-compatible magnetic tape. The Keymatic features record lengths which are both (1) virtually indefinite and (2) completely variable between consecutive records.
Distinct UPPER and lower case characters are encoded on the magnetic tape with the same simplicity as a standard typewriter. The expanded character set (256 8-bit plus parity codes) permits reduction to single keystrokes of most data ( instru~tions, identifiers, etc.) which would require combinations of multiple keystrokes on conventional keyboards.

Keymatic is said to be ideal for the keyboarding of :
· Computer programs or instructions (multi-punching is eliminated because anyone of the 256 EBCDIC codes can be recorded with one key depression).
· Jobs of multiple fields and variable length, where start and/or end points of fields had to be identified by keyboarding certain predetermined multiple character combinations.
· Where a data base for a retrieval system is being created, retrieval or extraction becomes simpler as the computer search becomes a search for single identifier codes keyboarded on the keymatic, rather than for combination of multiple characters keyboard on devices with 64code character sets.
for more information, circle No. 10 on the Reader Service Card

A New Rotating Digital
Memory Unit
A. W. O'Sullivan, President of Digital Development Corp. of San Diego, Calif., has announced tihat the DDC 73-03, the newest member of the DDC 73 family of Rotating Digital Memory units will be on display at the Fall Joint Computer Conference. The 73-03 provides up to eight dual disks and 1024 data tracks, with bitpacking densities up to 35,000 B.P.T. at 3600 R.P.M. nominal rotational speed. The 73-03 can be mounted in a 19" rack, as can the 73-01 and 73-02 units, and it retains the same non-contact flying head mechanization, disk configuration, and inert..:gas sealed closure.
Mr. O'Sullivan stressed that retention of design characteristics so thoroughly substantiated by operational experience makes utilization of the DDC 73-03 possible at minimal risk and maximum cost effectiveness in new system generations and expansions.
for more information, circle No. 11 on the Reader Service Card
· · ·
MINITS II Time-sharing System
Jacobi Systems Corp, will unveil for the first time, a small time-sharing computer system MINITS II which will permit up to 24 simultaneous remote users to com-

SoFTWARE AcE

in such applications as Survey and Ques-

tionnaire Analysis, Market and Sales An-

alysis, and a number of generalized

information retrieval uses. Q-PAK will

allow complete cross tabulation of data

with data identification by either alpha-

etic or numeric labels. An asset of the

Q-PAK is that many different users, such

as departments or divisions within a com-

pany, can use the same data base and

extract different reports.

Q-PAK was designed to appeal to man-

agers who are dependent on computerized

data who are now being made to wait for

specialized reports. With Q-PAK the re-

port request is submitted at the terminal

in terms which are defined by the user

and the report is then printed out within

minutes.

Q-PAK actually combines the functions

,.,.

of tabulation ·and statistical analysis into

municate with the UNIVAC 1108 on a one package. The result is a much more

time-sharing and remote-entry basis. The efficient way of handling large data files

addition of MINITS 11 makes it possible in a meaningful and rapid manner. This

for the 1108 user to do program compiling is made possible by the large storage

and debugging on the small computer at capacity and the fully randomized file

a cost of approximately $2 per terminal handling capability of the ITS computer

hour instead of having to use the 1108, system.

to do these routine tasks. The 1108 can continue to operate in its normal modes

For more information, circle No. 13 on the Reader Service Card

under EXEC II and EXEC 8. With the addition of the Jacobi MINITS II com-

· · ·

puter, 24 simultaneous remote uses can New Tape Drive Technique

make use of the speed and mass storage of the 1108. Engineers and programmers can enter problems from Teletype terminals at their desks.
MINITS II has a core storage of 32,768 ( 8-bit) bytes plus a 512,000 head per track disk memory. In addition, the huge mass storage of the UNIVAC 110'8 is accessible to all MINITS II time-sharers. MINITS files can be extracted from 1108 storage, updated using the MINITS EDITOR, returned to storage, or submitted to the 1108 job-stream for execution.
For more information, circle No. 12 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0

A new digital tape drive technique, designed for remote area digital recording, will be introduced by Wang Computer Products, Inc., of Los Angeles, Calif. The new Mod 8 Data Logger uses a direct reel-to-reel drive to reduce the number of mechanical and electronic parts. The Mod 8 is also said to simplify threading and improve tape life.
The Mod 8 provides tape speeds of 50 to 100 inches per second; it uses 8*-inch reels of *-inch tape, and writes 7 and 9 track IBM compatible formats. The Data Densities are 200, 556 and 800 bpi. The dimensions of the tape deck and data electronics are 14" high, 19" wide, and

New Data Base Package From ITS

7~~" deep. Wang will also show the Mod 7 and

A conversational system for data base Mod 10 systems, intended for computers,

manipulation is scheduled to be announced data terminals and other data handling

by International Timesharing Corp. applications.

Dubbed "Q-PAK", the product is said to

For more information, circle No. 14

offer a high degree of flexibility to users .

on the Reader Service Card

Motorola's Data Terminals
Data communications terminals will be the featured equipment at the exhibit of Motorola Instrumentation and Control Inc. The terminal configuration shown will be designed to fill the need for low cost, versatile subsystems that concentrate and communicate data via high- and low-speed moderns to large centralized processing systems, or which can function independently as self-contained information processors.
The data communications terminals will be comprised of several modules. Each can function independently and is available for users of OEM application. The modules include the MTP-6000 silent, high-speed teleprinter, the Motorola MDP1000 stored program computer, the Motorola Data Recorder, and the MDR Optical mark reader.
The capability of each unit contributes uniquely to the objective of accurate and rapid results by entering data as close to the source as possible. As an example, the MDR document reader provides rapid, accurate source data input. The unit is an optical mark reader that translates data to USASCII language or to other binary decimal codes from punched or pencilrnarked forms for near-real-time entry in bit-serial or bit-parallel form. It drives telephone data sets, accoustic couplers, and common carrier circuits. It also communicates with the Motorola data recorder to record data on magnetic tape for processing by large computers.
For more information, circle No. 15 on ·the Reader Service Card

·····················································

WHERE TOTAL SYSTEMS BEGIN A WIDE WORLD OF GROWTH OPPORTUNITY FOR QUALiFl ED DATA PROCESSING PERSONNEL
CTC Computer Corporation is a young, dynamic organization committed to the belief that computer industry success will belong to the company offering full services and products to meet every data processing need.
CTC offers its customers everything from data processing equipment, through programming, to the final furnishing of information in useable form.
Your opportunities for growth are greater with a company dedicated to total systems capabilities.
· DATA SYSTEMS
· ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
· SOFTWARE SYSTEMS · FINANCIAL SYSTEMS · HOSPITAL SYSTEMS
· PROPRIETARY SYSTEMS
If your background and experience covers programming or marketing of any of the above, call or write today. Resumes treated in strict confidence;
Richard Denzler, Personnel Manager
COMPUTER CORPORATION 1018 Palo Alto Office Center Palo Alto, California 94301 An Equal Opportunity Employer
20

Mini-line Printer
A new mini-line printer has been developed by Nortec Computer Devices, Inc. of Ashland, Mass., to complement the recent accent on the development of minicomputers. The Nortec 200 is a mediumspeed, 132 column, fully buffered impacttype line printer. The unit can be interfaced on-line with digital computers, or data transmission facilities or off-line with data storage devices. The Nortec-200 accepts ASCII coded alphanumeric 6-bit data at rates up to SOOK HZ, and produces hard copy printout at 200 lines per minute for a 64-character font.
Printing is accomplished on edgepunched, fan-fold paper forms of from one to six parts. These forms are carried through the printer by pin-feed tractors actuated by a clutch/brake. Fine positioning of the paper-feed tractors is provided in both the horizontal and vertical planes to permit accurate registration of preprinted forms. The forms are stored below the printer, fed through the printing station, and exit at the top of the printer.
For more information, circle No. 16 on the Reader Service Card
A New Ddacraft Compu~r
Datacraft Corp of Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., will be exhibiting their DC 6024 Digital Computer. The Computer features a full cycle time of 600 nano seconds and a fixed word length of 24 bits. These features provide rapid memory access, ease of programming and a real-time capability approaching that of a multiprocessor or large-scale system.
The basic system includes five 24-bit general-purpose registers, three of which may be used for indexing, an 8,192 word memory (with parity) which is expandable to 65,536 words in increments of 8,192 words, hardware multiply/divide/ square root, four levels of priority interrupt and a standard software package. The basic Input/Output structure includes a console ASR-33 typewriter.
The DC 6024 instruction set includes in excess of 500 discrete operations, providing the programmer with considerable convenience and flexibility. Besides the DC 6024, Datacraft also manufactures six different types of magnetic core memory systems widely used in data terminal equipment and small computer systems.
For more information, circle No. 17 on the Reader Service Card

Utility Terminal
Computer Terminals, Inc. of Minneapolis, Minn. will show a new utility terminal which is a programmable control unit. The Terminal is compatible with computers that have either Remote Batch or Conversational Capabilities. The flexibility to configure the terminal with a Card Reader, Printer, Multiple CET Displays, and Special Input/ Output Devices, provides for a wide range of data communications applications. The software supplied witih the Utility Terminal will provide communication software compatability with the major large computer systems.
For more information, circle No. 18 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0
New Business Data Communication Terminal
Navar Corporation, Mountain View, Calif., will demonstrate its new Model 5-50 business data communications terminal at the FJCC. Described as the first fourth generation, total capability, hard copy inpact printer and electronic data communications terminal, the 5-50 has many features not found in competitive systems. The 5-50 is designed with a proprietary, Navar-developed magnetic tape cartridge with record and playback capability of 240 characters per second. The high-speed capability makes possible the transmission of a 43,200-character message within the basic three-minute telephone company time period. Teletype transmission of t.<he same message would require 72 minutes and Navar claims that the best competitive system would need 49 minutes for the same message. The 5-50 is the latest in what Novar expects to be a continuing series of new concepts in electronic data processing.
For more information, circle No. 19 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0
A New Computer
Call-A-Computer, Inc. of Los Angeles, Chicago, and Atlanta, will give the first public demonstration of their new computer, the Innovator 7000. The Innovator 7000 allows customers to utilize a broad range of terminal devices; and to devise powerful information retrieval systems which can have mixed languages within a single program. The Innovator 7000 is actually made up of three computers: one computer handles communications and ovel"head tasks; a second supervisory unit schedules the ce'htral processor tasks; and a third actually performs the arithmetic computations. Each of the last two units can access the Innovator's 64K memory concurrently. The System's memory will be expanded to 256K to meet later demands.
For more information, circle No . 20 on the Reader Service Card

SOFTWARE AGE

· Simultaneous printing of the human readable symbol and the standard machine readable code.
For more information, circle No. 22 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0

A New Plotter
The Computer Graphics Division of Milgo Electronic Corp. announces the introduction of a new general purpose X-Y plotter. The DPS-7 Digital Plotting System provides a practical plotter for a broad range of applications, including engineering drawings, contour mapping, machine tool verification, highway and waterway design, pipeline layouts, financial data and data reduction. The DPS-7 uses hybrid design techniques to produce smooth fast plots from digital data.
Two models of DPS-7 Plotters are available, with plot surfaces of 30" x 30" and 45" x60". The plotters accommodate paper up to the full size of the plot surface as well as smaller sizes. A vacuum system holds paper firmly to the plot surface. The DPS-7 operates on-line or off-line with 7 or 9 track magnetic tape input.
Full software support is offered with the DPS-7, including a standard basic software package, and specialized software provided by Milgo's applications and programming group.
For more information, circle No. 21 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0

cps. Then the information is transmitted to computers, or other standard business machines, over data links at speeds up to 1000 characters per second. Up to 128 characters can be printed and, because the last character keyed is visable to the operator, data can be immediately confirmed and errors instantly corrected.
Other Dual Image features include:
· Asynchronous reading rate of 120 characters per second.
· Unlimited use of white space within the record for punctuating sentences, separating messages, permitting computer fill-in writing instructions by hand, signing off records or adding data at a later date to update or correct the record.
· Complete modular construction making Dual Image ideal for OEM applications.

A Microfilm Printer
Memorex Corporation of San Francisco will introduce an on-line computer output microfilm (COM) device that operates as a standard peripheral with IBM System/ 360 (Model 25 and above). Designated tihe Memorex 1603 Microfilm Printer, the new device is hardware and software compatible with IBM 1403 and 1443 line printers. Thus, its use requires no hardware modifications or changes in software systems, and in conjunction with his 1403, gives the user a choice of either paper or microfilm direct computer printouts. The 1603's printout rate is ten thousand 132 character lines per minute.
The 1603 will cost substantially less than other microfilm printers, according to Laurence L. Spitters, Memorex president and chairman of the board. A prime reason for the low cost is said to be the fact that the 1603, through its own, built-in control unit, provides direct interface with the IBM data channel. This eliminates the need for duplicate equipment functions.
The basis of the 1603, is its application of fiber optics for converting digital signals to alphanumeric characters. The 1603 forms its characters with three major components: a translation matrix, a bank of light-emitting diodes, and a fiber optics bundle. Digital signals are directed to the diodes by the translation matrix. Light from pulsed diodes is transmitted in turn through fiber optic strands to form a display of alphanumeric characters on the face of the fiber optics assembly. The entire fiber optics assembly is aligned and sealed at the factory and it "never" needs adjustment.
For more information, circle No. 23 on the Reader Service Card

Man/Machine Readable Media
Interface Mechanisms Sons, Inc., of Seattle, Wash., will display Dual Image, a unique modular data recording and retrieval system which provides both a human readable character and a machine readable code on 11/16" wide paper tape. T1his new concept in man/ machine readable media is suited for remote data entry. Information can be entered either at typing speeds via the keyboard or from a variety of digital devices at rates up to 75
NOVEMBER, 1969

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programmers ·a·nalysts
6ROI
NATIONWIDf POSITIONS fROM $1,~~~ TO $~~,~~~
ALL FEE PAID · SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT · SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING · REAL TIMES SYSTEMS · BUSINESS SYSTEMS · COMMERCIAL PROGRAMMING · MANAGEMENT INFO SYSTEMS
Send resume , in confidence, with present salary and geographic preference .
FREE: CAREER OPPORTUNITIES BULLETIN
For a complete listing of outstanding position s with nationa l companies circle subscriber reader card using home address only. No obligation .
+La Salle Associates+
DEPT. A 719 N. 25th STREET, PHILA., PA. 19130
For more information, circle No. 4 on the Reader Service Card
Make Profits for Your Company and MORE MONEY FOR YOURSELF I
... ENROLL in North American's New
HOME STUDY COURSE in
systems &Procedure~

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a nd edited with the help of acknowledged leaders in the

systems and procedures field and sp.o~sored by the Asso-

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10-date correspondence course on systems and procedures.
The cost is less than $400.00 cash. Low month Iv tuition :payme nt pl a ns ava il <ib lc. H you are seriously interested in jnvestigati ng this Course, write for FREE fact-filled CA REER OPPORTUNITY BOOKLET, ylus full details on North .American School of Systems & J>roccdures. There's no cost or obligation, now or ever. No :;alcsman will ca ll. Write today!

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INDUSTRY PERSONNEL ..· North American's Course in systems and procedures is designed for those now in Systems Departments who want to broaden, brush up on or " fill in gaps" in their knowledge of the subject . . . for companies - both large and small-who desire to train their own personnel in systems and procedures

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Dept. 3638, 4401 Birch Street, Newport, California 92660

For more information, circle No. 5 on the R.;ader Service Card
22

New Software Product
Boole & Babbage will introduce a new software product, the DPPE-DOS Problem Program Efficiency. It is an expansion of their Systems Measurement Software, SMS/360, to cover IBM System 360 users who operate in a DOS environment.
The DOS Prnblem Program Efficiency is said to be much like the OS product in that it runs in production with the problem program and allows the user to pinpoint high time usage areas. From this data the user is able to realize maximum optimization of the system. SMS/360 is said to be the first software program which measures true systems performance. Boole & Babbage are also in the process of developing SMS for use on other computer manufacturers' hardware.
for more information, circle No. 24 on the Reader Service Card

cuit amplitude and delay distortion which had previously limited high speed data transmission on telephone circuits to a maximum of 4800 bps.
For more information, circle No. 26 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0
A New Video Terminal
Alphameric will display their first product, the Model 33 Video Terminal. The terminal consists of a television-type display unit and a keyboard-logic unit. Although the two units are physically separate they can be conveniently stacked. The Model 33 was designed for time-share users and small computer users and its features include:
· Character inset and delete · Automatic line-by-line call-up in con-
versational mode · Audi b 1e bell and data line signal
monitor
All solid-state (except CRT & H.V. rectifier ).
Three basic modes of operation may be selected by the user: compose, conversational and batch, and three optional operating modes are available: format, print and error correction. The Model 33 is said to be fully compatible with the teletype ASR-33.
For more information, circle No. 27 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0

A Strip Printer
Di/An Controls, Inc. of Boston, Massa·chusetts, will feature the new Series S Strip Printers at the FJCC. The Series S will be shown in three OEM configurations in complete, attractively packaged, units designed for use as desk-top models.
The Series S Printer will accept either ASCII or Teletype Baudot codes and it will print a full complement of 63 characters at up to 20 characters/second. The output of the unit was designed to be highly legible since each character is ~'-inch high.
It would appear that Di/An's terminal would be a good product to investigate if you have a communications problem that could be solved by a receive only terminal.
For more information, circle No. 25 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0
Data Modem
Codex Corp. of Watertown, Massachusetts, will show its new AE-96 High Speed Data Modem. Codex Corp. will demonstrate the capability of the AE-96 to quadruple the capacity of a 2400 bps voice grade line at the Convention. Moreover, the demonstration will include the use of Codex's new TM-4 Time Division Multiplexer, which combines four 2400 bps data streams into one 9600 bps data stream. The AE-96's capacities in data communications are said to be the result of a specially developed digital adaptive equalizer. This allows the AE-96 to automatically measure and compensate for the intersymbol interferences caused by cir-

A Disk Drive
Century Data Systems, Inc. of Anaheim, California, will show their Model 114 Disk Drive at their booth at the FJCC. The Model 114 was designed to operate with the Century Data Model 1014 Disk Drive Controller. When operated together, the system is plug interchangeable with the IBM Model 2314-Al or 2314-A2 Direct Access Storage facility, depending on the number of Model 114 Disk Drives attached.
The Model 114 incorporates an Electromechanical Positioner and an Electronic Track Detent System which eliminates moving mechanical components from the positioning system and which is said to provide ease of maintenance and high reliability. The storage capacity of each Model 114 is 29,176,000 and the transfer rate is 312,000 bytes per second. Another impressive statistic is the average access time which is 40 milliseconds.
For more information, circle No. 28 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0
A Computer
Xerox Data Systems, formerly Scientific Data Systems, of El Segundo, California, will exhibit, for the first time, their new Sigma 3 Computer. Field tested software available for use with the Sigma 3 Computer includes two multi-use operating systems, Real-Time Batch Monitor and Basic Control Monitor, each of which provides concurrent real-time foreg-round and batch background data processing capabilities. A third operating system that

SoFTWARE AGE

ls provided with the computer is StandAlone wfiich is primarily batch-oriented.
In addition to the three operating systems, two FORTRAN compilers, Symbol and Extended Symbol assemblers, and more than 100 numerical subroutines for scientific and engineering applications will be supplied with the computer.
The primary hardware features of Sigma 3 include a multiport core memory expandable from 8,192 to 65,536 words, 975 nanosecond memory cycle time, a separate input/output processor for concurrent compute and input/output operations, 28 input/output channels and 100 levels of priority interrupt.
For more information, circle No. 29 on the Reader Service Card
0 0 0

A New Multiplexor And a New Terminal

Computer Communications, Inc. will be introducing the CC-70 programmed Buffered Multiplexer. Controlled by the CC701 Communications/Control Processor, the CC-70 can handle up to 128 communication lines, and multiprocessor configurations can handle an almost unlimited number of lines. The CC-70, with CCIsupplied multiplexing software, was designed to handle multiple communications stations for a wide variety of computers, including the IBM System/360 and 1130, computers, the XDS Sigma Series, and the CDC 3000 and 6000 Series.
W escal Industries, a division of Computer Communications, Inc., will be introducing the CAL 30/30 Data Terminal. The CAL 30/30 accepts operator input or standard typewriter and adder. keyboards, records data on magnetic tape cartridge, and transmits to a computer via phone line.
The CAL 30/30 offers the advantages of data protection, elimination of keypunch errors and efficient use of phone lines and computers. The operator input can be recorded on-line during daytime hours and then transmit and receive at machine speeds to central EDP during economical, low-traffic hours.
For more information, circle No. 30 on the Reader Service Card
0 00
A Terminal

Moreover, the generator is a stroke-type with 62 strokes per character maximum and a capacity of 128 characters.
For more information, circle No. 31 on the Reader Service Card
00 0
Multi-Terminal System
Mini-Comp, Inc. of Natick, Massachusetts, will unveil a new multi-terminal system designed to operate up to 48 terminals simultaneously, including teletypes, auto-

matic 1/0 typewriters, keyboards, graphic displays, printers and plotters. The new system can be expanded from one central processor to two or more; the core memory is expandable from 12K to 32K 16-bit words; and high speed mass storage is available from 262K words on up.
The systems include software packages designed to meet the needs of users in engineering, science, education, industry and general business.
For more information, circle No. 32 on the Reader Service Card

Information International of Los An-

geles and Boston will introduce a new

time-shared graphic display system, the

TSD 1060. The TSD 1060 was designed

for application in areas such as informa-

tion inquiry, management analysis, engi-

neering design, scientific computation,

process control and test monitoring.

It consists of a display controller inter-

faced to the appropriate computer and up

to six display consoles operating inde-

penderrtly of one another. The user interacts with the computer system via an

alphanumeric or function keyboard with

function overlays, a 13 by 14 inch display,

a light pen, and rotatable knobs.

The charactter generator is said to be

very fast, with an average writing time of

less than 4 microseconds per character.

Professional
PROGRAMMERS - ENGINEERS - SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Nationwide · International
Computer Careers Incorporated offers a truly unique service on a nationwide basis to the professional programmer, engineer, or senior scientist seeking personal advancement and career growth. Our professional staff is qualified by reason of actual working experien.ce In y04lr field to know and understand your background and to best serve your personal and career interests. Our carefully selected clients are outstanding leaders in the computer industry and directly related fields of industrial activity. Current openings include a wide range of assignments in the fields of digital hardware design, systems analysis and programming on a variety of software, management systems, scientific and commercial applications. May we suggest that you forward a confidential summary of your background and career objectives today, or contact Mr. Edward Maclaren at 301-654-9225 for additional information. Client organizations assume payment of all fees.
COMPUTE·R CAREERS INCORPORATED
Suite 503-4720 Montgomery Lane-Bethesda, Maryland 20014 (A suburb of Washington, D. C.l
CONSULTANTS TO THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY

NOVEMBER, 1969

A nationwide computer services group providing both business and scientific data processing services at every level. We are not an employment agency.
COMPDATA
Services Corporation
An1 Auerbach /CDI Organization,
SYSTEMS ANALYSTS PROGRAMMERS
COMPUTER OPERATORS
Investigate the challenges and financial rewards tJiat COMPDATA can offer you. Our opportunities are nationwide and offer extremely attractive compensation. Your resume is invited or call collect.
R. N. Cherwinski
(215) 569-2200 for further details.
COMPDATA
Services Corporation
Dept. SA-5 Executive Offices 4 Penn Center Plaza Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
An Equal Opportunity Employer

ceupotta ~ lfb~~\Uai A
~t\lic~ 'P~c~o.cr\n ~
ltw'ttumt of ~ti~·d o~rpto~Jt,s~ls in tallfOmt.a: . .... Then it

acquired nationwide clients and joined

over 130 affiliates in National Personnel

Associates, a cooperative effort to match

people to positions linked by an IBM 360

computer system.

Concentrator
A new Data Concentrator System will be introduced by Varian Data Machines of Irvine, California. The new Varian 520/DC System was designed to be a concentrator for interactive timesharing networks. The function of the system in such applications is to gather data from a number of local, low-speed terminals and to concentrate it for economical transmission over one or more high-speed lines to a distant computer center. The system can also serve as a communications preprocessor, organizing incoming data for direct entry into a large computer or dispatching data from the computer over a number of communication lines. The software supplied with the Varian 520/ DC System includes a setup program for establishing the controls for each communication line, an operating program for transferring input/ output data between the communications controller and buffer areas in core memory, and a diagnostic program for checking the controller.
For more information, circle No. 33 on the Reader Service Card

some of the peripheral devices to be available with it, including a disk memory, an XY plotter, a teletype printer and an optical character reader, for business applications. The WCS-881 Computer will be available in memory sizes from 4K to 65K and will feature a true 16/8 word length. Some of the computer's features include: 1 microsecond memory cycle time, eight programmable hardware registers including a 17-bit accumulator and a 16bit index register; hardware multiply, divide, normalize, compare and shift/rotate; 78 basic machine instructions; variable word length instructions; direct addressing up to 65,536 bytes and four level priority interrupts.
for more information, circle No. 34 on the . Reader Service Card
0 0 0
A Data Coupler
A new Acoustical Coupler, the Model 3040, will be introduced by Beckman Instruments, Inc. of Fullerton, California. It was designed to provide a communications link between various sources (keyboard devices, tape units, teletype paper punch paper, or a distant terminal) over public telephone networks through the use of a conventional telephone handset.
The coupler has the capability of dual interface which allows ease in adapting its interchangeability with teletype Models 33, 35, 37 or various other printing mechanisms that require EIA specifications RS-232B. The Beckman Model 3040 also offers a self-contained, closed loop circuit assurance check as an instantaneous troubleshooting aid.
for more information, circle No. 35 on the Reader Service Card
· · ·

Now this service can communicate with numerous firms across the nation. If you

A Data Coupler

are a computer pro (especially an experienced third generation Analyst or Programmer) and would like to utilize our services - - confidentially and at no cost to you -- send us your resume, with current salary and geographic selection, or complete the Software application. We will do the rest.
Inquiries from personnel and technical Management seeking to fill current openings are, of course, always invited.

Scientific Resources Corporation of

Houston, Texas, Paragon Systems, Inc., a

subsidiary of Scientific Resources Cor-

poration, will be participating in the

FJCC with the introduction of their IBM

1130 computer expander, Comp-Ex and

their new acoustical telephone data coupler. Comp-Ex is a new hardware-software

interlace system that extends the IBM

1130's capabilities to on-line, real-time

scientific, industrial, business and educa-

This may be the end of our tale, but it is just the beginning of our service to you.
contact: lorne evje

tional applications. Modular construction permits Comp-Ex
to multiplex from two to thirty-two de-

computer

vices, including teletypes, data phones, CRT and digital displays, AI D converters,

personnel agency INC.

Computer Wilkinson Computer Sciences will intro-

transducers, analog computers, and a variety of analytical instruments. It can outpu.t information to operate relay.s, close contacts and start or stop experiments

12 geary street san francisco. california telephone 415/982-0840

suite805 94108

duce a new high speed general purpose digital computer at FJCC. The display will include the WCS-881 Computer and

and processes.
For more information, circle No. 36 on the Reader Service Card

SoFTWARE AGE

Small Computer and Terminal
Spiras Systems, Inc., of Waltham, Massachusetts, an affiliate of USM Corporation, plans to exhibit two products for the first time at FJCC.
The Spiras-65 is a general purpose computer, expandable to 65K memory, which is said t-0 represent core and speed economy as a direct result of its power, instruction set, addressing and indexing modes, and input/ output versatility.
The IRASCOPE is a stand alone, alphanumeric. CRT editing display terminal. Its primary features are: optimized human interface and a high degree of versatility as a system component, based on the fact that every performance characteristic predictable is being made available as an option including a wide variety of interfaces in either serial or parallel, synchronous or a synchronous, at speeds of up to 72,000 characters per second.
For more information, circle No. 37 on the Reader Service Card

Business Programmers/Systems Analysts
WE HAVE COME AS FAR AS ANY WE WILL GO FURTHER THAN MOST!

Data Entry
lnforex, Inc. of Burlington, Massachusetts, will display their Intelligent Key Entry System. The system was designed to cut data entry costs for all but the smallest information processing systems. The basic concept of the system is a central intelligent control unit linking as many as eight key entry stations to a buffer. Programs and entry forms, stored in memory, can be made available on demand to any of the keyboards. The control unit provides each station with additional data entry functions, such as balancing, skipping, and duplicating.
The systems' features include: the ability to handle a full range of input and verification functions; the ability to transfer the input to 7 or 9 track compatible tape within the system; and also the ability to pool from up t-0 eight keyboards into one buffer.
The lnforex Intelligent Key Entry can be adapted to operate directly on-line with a central processor. Input data is held in disk memory until data entry has been completed. Then it is released in a batch as called by central processor programming.
For more information, circle No. 38 on the Reader Service Card
NOVEMBER, 1969

At Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, world's leading producer of dependable jet engines, you will find everything your analytical mind desires. Myriad business applications probing ever deeper into every facet of this vast aerospace organization. Manufacturing · Product Support · Engineering · Finance · Purchasing · Advanced Planning · Operations Research ... and much more.
Ou rs is one of the most advanced and sophisticated business information computer complexes in the country. We have come as far as any. We will go further than most. Projects vary from simple card systems to complex on-line systems involving, for example, a Full Production Information System, Automated Financial Analysis and Reporting, and an Integrated Material Control System which includes procurement, forecasting and scheduling. Tools include 360 models 20, 30, 40 and 50; tapes and random devices; data collection equipment; on-line facilities; DOS and OS.
The total commitment of Information Systems to serving the needs of management at P&WA means real-time opportunity for EDP pro-

fessionals with promise. Our Sys. terns-Programming Analysts are exposed to virtually every phase of the business. They get to move around, and they get to move up . . . just as fast as their talents will take them. Isn't it time you talked to P&WA?
If this sounds like your kind of action, why not send your resume with salary requirement to Mr. H. M. Heidmann, Professional Placement, Office A-43, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108. An equal opportunity employer.
Pratt& Whitney Rircraft
u
DIVISION OF UNITED AIRCRAFT CORP.
f:l

ow
DIGICOMP II · the "second generation" of ·the famous DigiComp,
enormously more "sophisticated" as additional "switches" and "core positions" permit many more decisions and "branching" possibilities.

WFF'N PROOF
Developed in the course of the ALL Project (Accelerared Learning of Logic) Wff'nProof incorporates 21 games of progressive difficulty; has been used to teach propositional calculus to elementary school children but challenges the intellect of professional logicians. Complete with 224-page manual which is an introduction to the world of modern logic; filled with valuable tips to clear thinking.
$6.75 Postpaid

Like its predecessor the DigiComp-1 is entirely mechanical in operation but affords the functions common to electronic computers in a form far more comprehensible. The best way ever to learn (or to teach) the principles of modern data processing.
$16.95 Postpaid

OH WAH REE
The ancient game of mathematical strategy which has intrigued millions for more than 30 centuries. A game at once so simple in its basics that a pre-schooler can enjoy it yet so complex in its possibilities that its fascination multiplies with the mathematical grasp of the player.
$8.50 Postpaid
TWIXT
Another famous "bookshelf" game, package matches that of OhWah-Ree. A stimulating game with a fascinating chess--like strategy of move and countermove. Two or four players.
$8.50 Postpaid
CONFIGURATIONS
Based on concept.s from the geometry of incidence, CONFIGERATIONS is a series of intriguing mathematical and geometric puzzles that will challenge and delight those who enjoy careful reasoning. It is authored by Professor Hnrold L. Dorwart, Chairman of the Mathematics Department, Trinity College, Hartford.

$4.95 Postpaid

PRESS TECH, INC. P. 0. Box 2076

SALES DIVISION

Madison, Wis. 53701

Please Hnd me at the addrHI below:

S/ A-11

Foreign please write us for postage quote. Cash, check or money order with order.
(Games are shipped from separate warehouses}

(name)

(eddrcu)

(city)

(state)

(zip code)

Wisconsin residents add 4 % safes tax

4····························r··········~

SOFTWARE AGE

Program me rs/Analysts:
Give IBM a hand and we'll
try to make it a free one

If predictablethinkingwerewhat we wanted, we'd just program it. But what we're looking for are imagination and ingenuity.
If you have these qualities, and you qualify for a job with IBM, you can be sure you'll get to use them.
Immediate openings There are·openings for Program-
mers/Analysts and Systems Programmers at IBM Endicott, N.Y.
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IBM programmers and systems analysts work in small teams on an IBM System/360.

NPUT

INl
11

Robert E. Marsh received a BSEE in 1965 and a MSEE in 1967 from Michigan State University. Before he received his Master's degree he worked for Whirlpool Corporation in St. Joseph, Michigan. During that time he became experienced in math modeling, simulation, and data reduction in engineering applications with an IBM 1620 and a Univac 1107. While working on his Master's degree he added to his expereince by studying pattern recognition simulation and numerical methods techniques. From September 1967 until July 1969, Mr. Marsh has been employed by Radiation Incorp., of Melbourne, Florida. At Radiation he has been working on linear and non-linear circuit modeling ;;ind analysis, worst case analysis and optimization logic simulation with an IBM 360/ 50, IBM 1130 and a CE Terminal. Marsh is presently teaching in the Engineering Department of Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan.
28

This program was developed by Mr. Marsh at Radiation, Inc.
Introduction
A computer program has been developed and is operational on the IBM 360/50 which can simulate general logic systems.
Implementing a logic system is made simple through the input language. Most of the common logic functions such as flip-flops, latches, gating, shift registers, one-shots, etc. are available to be used in building a system model. Models of special logic devices can easily be included in the complete system.
Most of the input data is accepted in free format. For example, the preparation of data cards to realize the gating shown below could be coded as follows:
SoFTwARE AGE

GENERAL LOGIC

SIMULATION

PROGRAM

by
Robert Marsh
Engineering Department Andrews University
Berrien Springs, Michigan

E OUTl
F
1 OUTl =A( BAR( A 0 B) + BAR(C + D))
NOVEMBER, 1969

An alternate description could be
1 E=NAND(A,B)
= 2 F = NOR(C, D)
3 OUTl OR(E, F)
Note the input data is not column oriented. The above coding would be accepted independent of its location within the first 70 columns of the data card.
The topology of a system is of little importance to the program. It is described implicitly to the computer by the outputs and inputs to the logical boxes which make up the system.
Most reasonably sized logic systems can be simulated with this program. The primary limitation depends on the number of logical variables in the system. A HOK byte partition will accommodate over 200 variables in a system.
29

There are quite a few special features of LOGSIM including the following:
· Medium to large logic systems can be simulated by LOGSIM.
· Easy to model a system via the input language.
· Special logic functions can easily be included in the system simulation.
· Oscillating signals are detected and displayed by the program.
· Any output variable of the system can be defined to fail either High or Low so that effects of failure modes can be simulated.
· Various signals are internally generated to aid in realizing a system model. For example, a pulse generator option is available which can be used to sequence the logic system as desired.
· The options on simulation control include:
i. Step by step printer output showing output variables or all variables of the system.
ii. The printer can be turned ON or OFF at will during the simulation so a system can be run through several stages and just the final stage is printed out.
iii. Title or heading changes can be made easily.
iv. The system can be initialized to any arbitrary state at any point in the simulation.
v. The pulse generator can be turned ON or OFF as desired.
vi. Failure modes can be changed or eliminated as desired.
· Edge sensitive inputs are easily included in a system.
· By adding certain control cards one can save a system on disk for future simulations. This eliminates the computer time required to regenerate the system model and compile the generated routines.
· . Illegal signal conditions to the various flip-flops or other logic elements can be flagged if desired.
· Logic functions such as counters, shift registers, one-shots, etc., are available to use as needed in system description.
· The user can partition his output as desired with asterisks; e.g., one could separate a truth table into two blocks, one for inputs and the other for outputs.

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Describing A System to LOGSIM
Pictorially a logic system can be represented as follows:

INPUTS

LOGIC

OUTPUTS

Thus there are three sets of data necessary to define a system: INPUTS, OUTPUTS, and LOGIC. This constitutes the system description data for LOGSIM. To define the set of inputs to a system LOGSIM accepts the key word "INPUTS" followed by the list of input variable names separated by ·commas. A typical card would be:
INPUTS ALPHA, BETA , BETA , A, B, OP
Similarly, to define the set of outputs of a system the key wo,rd "ouTPUTs" is used followed by the set of output variable names ( 108 or less) separated by commas to be displayed during the simulation. If more than the first 70 columns are needed to list the names, one simply continues with additional "INPUTS" (or "ouTPUTs") cards by putting an "x" in column 73 and continuing the list on additional cards as needed.
The last set of data describes the logic of the system using the various logic functions NAND, NOR, and JKFLIP, etc. Each logic function has some box number associated with it. (This number is a convenient reference identifier which can be used during the simulation phase. ) This set of data has one of two forms as follows:
Form 1
N VARIABLE NAME= GATE (INPUT)
where:
N =a "Box" number
VARIABLE NAME = the name of a signal ( 6 or less characters starting with an alpha character)
GATE = one of the LOGSIM supplied gating functions . (AND, OR, NAND, etc. )
INPUT= Some variable name or some logical expression involving several system variables.
Example:
131 OPFI = NAND (A, APB, OUT! 12)
Form 2
N FNAME ( M, 01, ... 0111. Ii, ... IL)
SoFTWARE AGE

where:
= N box number = FNAME Is the name of a LOGSIM supplied
logical function ( SHIFTR, JKFLIP, MS, etc. ) or the name of a user
= supplied special logic function.
M An integer number ( 10 or less) equal to the number of output variables of this "box".
0 1, ··· OM= The "M" variable names for the
= outputs of this "Box"
Ii, ... IL the inputs to this "Box". (They may be logical expressions).
Example:
6 JFKLIP (2,A,A·BAR, INl 0 IN2, A 0 IN4, PULSE, DCSET, DCRSET)
Efficiency Hints
· Use the Re-run feature. This saves reprocessing the system description data every time another run of the same system is made.
· Wherever applicable use the LOGSIM provided routines to realize special functions such as latches, shifting, counting, etc. rather than using gating to implement these ·functions.
· Especially in the first passes of a simulation insert UPDATE commands at key points in the command sequence. If LOGSIM detects an oscillating system, it searches out an UPDATE or INITIALIZATION command to set the logic into some valid state before it continues the simulation. Thus the simulation will not end after the first oscillation condition is found if the UPDATE command is used.
· Before starting the simulation, initialize the logic system into some valid state. If this is not done LOGSIM will use whatever happens to reside in core for each variable. Thus the system could have inconsistent values for the variables, e.g., both outputs of flip-flops could be high, etc. fo some systems this can cause a chain reaction which never settles out so the system would be declared to be
1
oscillating.
· Variable names must not be used which:
i. Are identical to any of the LOGSIM provided routines-AND, NAND, JK, FLIP, OR, NOR, etc.
ii. Begin with the letter z. iii. Contain imbedded blanks or more than 6
characters.
Requirements of LOGSIM
Machine Requirements
LOGSIM is executed in two steps. The first step processes the system description data and generates Fortran sub-routines, and a set of data on peripheral storage. This step requires about 90K bytes of core storage.
The second step compiles the generated subroutines, links them with the necessary LOGSIM routines, reads the generated set of data, and executes the Simulation Control data. Core storage for this step depends on the number of variables in the sys-
NOVEMBER, 1969

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31

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32

tern being simulated and the number of different subroutines used in the system description. Ip. most c~ses step two will reqqire over 50,000 bytes. An estimate can be made as follows:
Step 2 total storage = 55K + 100°N (Bytes)
where N = the number of variables in the system being simulated.
The output from LOGSIM must be processed on a line printer with 132 or more characters per line.
User Generated Routines
+ For each routine N M must be 10 or less.
where N = number of output~ of logic function being modeled.
M =number of inputs to logic function being modeled.
User generated routines are modified slightly by LOGSIM to make them compatible with the other routines. The program executes sub-routines through the use of the Fortran EXTERNAL specification statement. Thus the name of the sub-routine is passed along with its several arguments to a LOGSIM sub-routine which executes the user generated routine. Since Fortran does not allow a variable number of arguments in an argument list, LOGSIM has the uppei: limit of IO arguments in any sub-routine. LOGSIM automatically inserts dummy arguments to make up the difference for those cases involving less than IO arguments.

How LOGSIM Works
LOGSIM has two basic execution phases:
1) Processing system description data and creating sub-routines.
2) Compiling the created sub-routines and including the several LOGSIM sub-routines to control the simulation.
The first phase creates Fortran card images which define the mathematical relationships between the system variables, allocates necessary storage, initializes various variables for the simulation and provides for output and output identification.
The second phase compiles the created sub-routines and joins them with the several LOGSIM routines and starts the execution of the simulation commands.
LOGSIM uses the fact that the truth of any Boolean function can be determined using ordinary arithmetic if TRUE is assigned value 1 and FALSE is assigned
value 0 ( zero). Then if a Boolean expression ° has
a non-zero value, the result is assigned a value of 1 (or i.e., TRUE). The expression will only have value 0 (zero) when the corresponding logical expression is FALSE. The solution to the set of logic equations is obtained by evaluating all the equations using p1'esent values for these variables and then updating

0 The Boolean operators "oR" and "AND" are replf).ced

with

the

arithmetic

operators

"+"

and

"0 "

respec-

tively. Hence "oR" is equivalent to "adding" and

"AND" is equivalent to multiplication.

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science fiction ave you a $ense ,.· of wonder.
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Attn: Professional Staffing Dept. 11

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NOVEMBER, 1969

INPUT 11

OUT2 2
OUT3 3 Logic diagram for sample problem

BOUT INT1 ·

all the present values to their corresponding evaluated values. This is repeated until no changes have occurred in the logic and hence the solution is determined.
In some systems oscillations are found so there is no solution. This is detected VIA the user supplied "RACE" parameter which defines the maximum number of evaluations to be made before the system is to be declared oscillating.

Thus the method of solution is identical with the way the physical system solves the logic if each logic element or box has equal time delays. Since this is not the case in physical systems LOGSIM may detect oscillating signals which would not necessarily be a problem in the actual system. Hence LOGSIM does not address itself to the time delay problem in logic design, rather it will verify the correctness of the basic logic which constitutes a system.

LOGIC DESCRIPTION DATA
INPUTS INPUT 1 11 = INVERT (INPUT) 2 OUT2 = NAND(INPUT, INT1) 3 OUT3 = NAND(BOUT, 11) 4 BOUT = OR(BAR(OUT2), BAR(INT1)) 5 INT1 = OR(BAR(OUT3), BAR(BOUT))
OUTPUTS INPUT, AST, 11, OUT2, OUT3, BOUT, INT1 END

CORRESPONDING COMPUTER OUTPUT
* * * * * SYSTEM DESCRIPTION DATA * * * * *
INPUTS INPUT 2 OUT2 = NAND(INT1, INPUT) 4 BOUT= OR(BAR(OUT2), BAR(INT1)) 1 11 = INVERT(INPUT) 3 OUT3 = NAND(BOUT, 11) 5 INT1 = OR(BAR(OUT3), BAR(BOUT))
OOTPUTS INPUT,AST, 11, OUT2,0UT3,BOUT,INT1 END DESCRIPTION

SOFTWARE AGE

SIMULATION COMMAND DATA
INITIALIZE BOTH BOX 1,1,0 2,1,1 3,1,1 4,1,1
T1 TEST CASE DEMGNSTRA-JING
T2 EFFECTS OF A FAILURE
T3 ON THE INVERTER OUTPUT 11.
* TEST INPUT= 1 1 * TEST INPUT = 0
FAIL 1,1,1
* TEST INPUT = 0 * TEST INPUT = 1 1
UPDATE PRESENT
FAILURES
DEBUG ALL
*" TEST INPUT= 1 1
END TESTS

5,1,0

TEST CASE DEMONSTRATING

)

EFFECTS OF A FAILURE

ON THE INVERTER OUTPUT 11.

TEST INPUT ID
1 TEST INPUT= 1 2 TEST INPUT = 0

I I0 0 B I

N 1U U0 N

T TUT

2 3 T1

1 *01 1 1 0 0 * 1 1 ·1 0 1

OX NUMBER OUTPUT NAME

FAILURE MODE HIGH

TEST CASE DEMONSTRATING EFFECTS OF A FAILURE ON THE INVERTER OUTPUT 11.

TEST INPUT ID 3 TEST INPUT = 0

I 10 0 B I

N IU U0 N

P T T UT

2 3T1

0*111 01

SYSTEM IS OSCILLATING.

0 B I0 I I

,,,~i

uo UNN

T U TT P
2 T 3 1u

STEP NUMBER

1 0 11 1 1

0 0 11 1 1

0 1 11 1 1

0 1 10 0 1

1 1 10 1 1

0 0 10 11

0 1 11 1 1

0 1 10 01

1 1 10 11

0 0 10 11

0 1 11 11

0 1 10 01

NOVEMBER, 1969

..More than hall the computer professionals and corporate executives who come to source EdP
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"The reason is simple. Source Edp has experienced its dynamic growth and success over the past seven years because of its ability to meet the objective of both groups.
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SOFTWARE AGE

Use of Mathematics to

Preform Bit Manipulation

and Reduce Storage Requirements

·
Ill

Remote

Terminal

Operations

EDWIN C. HUDSPETH Lt. Colonel, USAF
The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily refiect the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, or the Department of Defense.

With the development of timeshared systems, there has been a rapid growth of computer users. Remote terminals are found in many places and many of their users must rely solely on the time-shared service without any access to the central computer complex.
This time-shared service has its advantages, but it also has some drawbacks. Among these are the lack of a bit manipulation capability and a limited amount of storage space. Space is limited oftimes due to the number of users, the cost, or the type of programming language used. For example, in some systems using the BASIC language, the data must be included in the program, and the size of the program is limited.
The Rome Air Development Cen-

ter at Griffiss AFB, New York furnishes time-shared services using a GE-645 through remote terminals to the Air University, the parent organization of the Aerospace Studies Institute (ASI) located at Maxwell AFB, Alabama. The terminals used are the ASR-33 and ASR-35 teletype machines.
The ASI desired to be able to rapidly search a number of documents to select those that pertained to a specified group of subjects. To do this they have developed a form of binary expansion to, in effect, do bit manipulation and to save space for doing document sorting operations on a time-shared system.
The index system developed by ASI consists of a series of keywords, each pertaining to a subject area or time period, and for each of which

there is a unique number. Typical subject areas include terms such as: F-4 ai~craft, F-105 aircraft, interdiction, reconnaissance, operations, South Vietnam, psychological warfare, etc. All the documents are screened and a Document Review Questionnaire is prepared for each, listing the numbers of all the keywords covered by the document.
The basic data base for this index system is made up of the identification number of each document followed by a list of the numbers of the keywords that pertain to the document. For example, if docu-
ment # 1256 covered keywords F-4,
F-105, interdiction, operations, North Vietnam, reconnaissance, and rescue, the data would be 1256, 11, 18, 22, 29, 32, 38 and 59. The idea is that if a user wants all the docu-

NOVEMBER, 1969

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For more information, circle No. 8 on the Reader Service Card
38

ments pertaining to F-4 operations in North Vietnam, he could search for all documents whose data contained the numbers 11, 29 and 32.

At first an attempt was made to put a matrix of document numbers and keyword numhers into the storage of the computer and just look for the numbers. However, because each document had an average of about seven keywords, with some having over twenty, it was soon found that there wasn't enough storage space.

It was then reasoned that since the computer stored information in 36 bit binary words, if the position of each bit represented a keyword they could save storage space. To do this ASI resorted to some basic number theory. The fact that a number in binary form like 10101101
can be represented as lx2° + Ox21
+ lx22 + lx23 + Ox24 + lx25 + Ox26 + lx27, equal to 173 in decimal no-
tation, is known to most high school students today. It was therefore decided to use a form of binary expansion, based on this type of representation, to store data. By omitting the zero power from the representation it was guaranteed that all terms and sums would be even.

Here's how it works. The keyword numhers were used as powers of 2 and the various terms were summed. Thus, if a document covered keywords 2 , 3, 9, 11 and 15 the sum:
22 + 23 + 29 + 211 + 215 ( 35,340),
and the document ID number, were stored.

In mathematical terms, where k is the number of keywords pertaining to a particular document,

is the sum.

k
:E 2a1
i =1

In analyzing this sum note that 2 is an even number and that each term is an integral power of 2 and therefore an even number. Thus, the sum is even in all cases.

One could then tell if a particular document covered a certain keyword by dividing the sum by 2 raised to the power denoting the keyword of interest. If the quotient was even the keyword was not covered, if it was odd, the keyword was covered by the document. The reason behind this is seen by an analysis of the division process.

When dividing numbers com posed of the same base raised to different powers, you subtract expo-

L k

nents. Thus, dividing

2a1 by 2n

i =1

the result is
2a1 + 2a2 + 2aa + . , , + 2ak
2n

which is the same as 2a1.:..n + 2a2-.n +
2as-n + · · · + 2ak-.n,

Now, in the above expression, for
each ai - n if ai > n, a1 - n is an
integral exponent and 2a1-n is even;
if a 1 < n, ai - n 1is a negative expo-
nent and the term is dropped; if
ai = n, a1 - n = zero and 2a1-n = 1.
= Since the sum is made up of even
terms except where 2a1-n 1 the
= quotient of the division is odd only
when a1 n for some i.

So when a search is desired to find all documents covering a group of subjects, the data for each document is divided by 2 raised to the power that corresponds to the number of the desired keywords. If the result of the division by 2 raised to the number of the first subject is even, that subject is not covered and the next document's data is considered. If the results of the division is odd, then that subject is covered and division is performed on the same sum by 2 raised to the next number and so on. When a document is found to cover all the desired subjects, its ID number is printed.

Since the number of keywords in the ASI system exceeds the number of bits available per word, the data for each document was stored in three words. Thus the data file consists of a series of four numbers for each document, the first being the ID nt11ber and the next 3 the data ( sumS; of powers of two) .

In the ASI program about 2700 documents have been indexed and reviewed for coverage of a list of 59 keywords. This uses 25 links (512 words to a link) of disk storage. This same amount of storage will handle up to 100 keywords. An average search through the 2700 documents takes just over a minute:

The technique use<L in the ASI program can be used. by anyone using BASIC or FORTRA'N and does allow the user to do bit manipulation through remote terminals.

SoFTWARE AGE

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F-1941-45

7-EDP Instructor

7-Transportation/Utilities

G-1946-50

9B--E_D__P__C_o_n_s_u_lt_a_n_t ________
other, Incl. EDP student, operator, technician, etc.

B-Education/Llbrary
9----------------------
other, specify

H-1951-55

RENTAL CHARGE ON THE EQUIPMENT I WORK WITH:

O $1,500 or less, monthly 0 $1,500-2,500 O $2,500-5,000

O $5,000-10,000 0 $10,000-20,000 O over $20,000 monthly

Suggestions for SOFTWARE AGE

You'll be doing conceptual design of new-generation aerospa~e software systems. For an advanced, real-time computer system.
You'll be part of a small team of exceptional software/hardware specialists. But also part of a growing, highly diversified company where good work and creative -thinking are recognized and rewarded.

It's a great spot to grow professionally. And Southern California isn't such a bad spot for your family to grow up, either.
Requirements: Degree (MS preferred) in engineering, mathematics, or physics. At le13st three years' experience with software sy~tems, assembler and compiler languages, simulation systems, and use of large-scale computers.

Please airmail resume todqy to:

Mr. Robert A. Martin ~ead of Employment Hughes Aero$pace Divisions Dept. 27 11940 W. Jefferson Blvd. Culver City, Calif. 90230

An equal-opportunity employer-

M & F. U.S. citizenship is required

r------------------,

: HUGHES:

IL------------------JI

HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPA N Y

AIEllO·PACIE DIVl·ION·

SoFTW~ AcE

financial currents

EDP Supply Growth Forecast by Brandon

ernment since it adversely effects its set of software suppliers as a group."
Dr. Bauer offered government agen-

A minimum six-fold growth of the cies two choices: "They should either data-processing support services market,,. give a contractor major pieces of re-

by 1980 has been predicted by Dick H. Brandon, President of Brandon Applied Systems, Inc., before the Chicago Science Analysts. Brandon said the

sponsibility to produce software or some desired data processing end objective and procure those pieces at reasonable rates, or they should fight for

present $2.8 billion market would grow an increase in their budgets and hire

to between $16 and $20 billion by personnel for thier own staff as civil 1980-a potential, he stated, which servants-in other words, contract may have been the determining factor nothing to software companies."

in IBM's recent unbundling decision. Another trend in government pro-

Intense competition will eventually curement of software services that Dr.

cause a major shake-out among the Bauer objected to was "the increased

2,500 companies in the market, he emphasis on fixed price programming."

added.

He said that while fixed price pro-

At present, he said, approximately 70 support service companies had annual revenues of more than $1 million each. This could shrink to fewer than

gramming may look highly attractive from the government and the contractor's standpoint, it all too frequently worked to their mutual disadvantage.

40 by 1975, including some four to eight Dr. Bauer gave two reasons. why

companies with annual revenues of fixed price contracts cause trouble:

$250 million plus, and 10 to 20 with

1. Software technology lacks the ma-

revenues of over $50 million.

turity to bid with accuracy on a fixed

Describing his own company- price basis on a sizable software pro-

founded in 1964, and now the eleventh gram, particularly on any program

largest independent service firm-Bran- costing more than $100,000.

don said revenues for the current fiscal year are projected at approximately $7 million, with plans calling for revenues of $50 to $60 million in fiscal 1974.

2. The specifications are almost never developed in sufficient detail or comprehensiveness to warrant a dependable fixed price quotation.

Government Buying Ways
Scored by Company Head
A call for major changes ih the federal government's procurement practices on computer software was sounded by Dr. Walter F. Bauer, chairman of the board and president of Informatics, Inc., in a critical speech at a conference sponsored by the Bureau of the Budget.
Dr. Bauer noted a recent "significant increase in the frequency of purchasing software services on a 'body shop' basis." He said that body shop software companies were quoting rates which were too low to enable them to survive as viable, professional organizations.
He also said that the practice denigrated the professionalism and contributed to the general instability of the industry.
"Therefore, this type of procurement is not in the best interests of the gov-

Dr. Bauer recommended, where appropriate, that the government "engage a contractor on a time and materials basis to develop a set of program specifications upon which a fixed price basis can be obtained. If need be, competitive quotations can be developed on the basis of the specifications."
Dr. Bauer also criticized the government for not availing itself of sepa-
rately priced and procured software
packages to the extent that commercial organizations have.
SALES and MARKETING
Although the Compumeter I, an IBM/ 360 system compatible software package, was made available only four months ago, more than 130 commitments to use the packag~ have been made, it was reported by Donald E. Lees, President of Computing Efficiency, Inc.
"We believe, it is the first time in the history of the electronic data proc-

essing industry that so many purchases of a single software package have been made in such a short time," Lees said. The number of orders also places the package third as far as total sales of any single software program are concerned.
"It appears that Computer I sales will exceed $1,000,000 in a single year," Lees added. "By March 1971 we believe that the compumeter will be the most widely used software package in the world."
0 0 0
· MAI Equipment Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Management Assistance Inc., has launched an aggressive marketing program to capture an even larger share of the tinit record market through new low-cost, long-term lease plans and outright sales.
"IBM accounts for some 30,000 out of an estimated 45,000 unit record installation sites, taking in an estimated $500 million each year in rentals and sales," explained Luther A. Schwalm, MAI president and chief executive officer.
"We are going after that huge market: MAI has equipment available to supply these users and an extensive service force to provide maintenance."
To date, MAI has supplied some 6,000 installation sites, either all or in part, with leased or purchased equip"' ment, producing revenues of over $50 million in 1968.
0 0 0
"It" ... has "everything your company needs for a high-performance, time-sharing computer operation. Hardware. Software. Programs. Installation, Operation. Up-keep. Trouble-shooting. Staffing. Training. ·Even housing."
So reads the first advertisement in a campaign by Time Share Corporation for its new computer service-product package. The ad appeared ill Time, Newsweek and Sports Illustrated.
"The evolution of 'It' has been a natural one," said Richard T. Bueschel, president of Time Share. "We have added software programs to our catalogue, while expanding the scope and range of our hardware facilities. All the working experience we have accumulated over the past five years has helped shape and is ava~~able in our newest customer package.
Mr. Bueschel also said "lt" will cost about $5,000 a month to lease, and that permanent total service was included in the price of the package, based on the Hewlett-Packard 2116 computer hardware.

NOVEMBER, 1969

Job Gripes
(If any apply to you, apply to us.) .

The seniority gripe Didn't-get-the-raise gripe
Slow-promotion gripe No-promotion gripe
Boss-doesn't-like-me gripe Lousy-transportation gripe
Shot-down-again gripe No-bonus gripe
Too-many-gripes gripe

If you're an engineer, accountant, computer professional or scientist our computerized nationwide job file has a sure c1 for the gripes. Over 16,000 job~ Individually developed by our 56 nationwide affiliated placement agencies. Naturally there's never any fee with NMR. And we only release your identity if we have your OK So go ahead and mail this form along with your latest resume. But be prepared to have nothing to gripe about.

I ~I;;: -

Us:-;;nl;-

I I I I I I I1
Software · l 1/ 69· Job Gripes
I ~-------------------------="""Do" te --------~

Cit

State

Business Phone lifoktousel

I will consider opportunities in the : 0 Northeast 0 Mid Atlantic 0 Midwest 0 South 0 Southwest 0 Colif. 0 Northwest

Availability:
!check onel

0 Actively seeking
Dote available._ _ _ __
0 Just shopping

0 Any location
·
Identity Release:
!check onel

My identity may be released to:
o All but present employer
D No employer

Education

Degrees

Mojor field

Year Earned

College or University

Present or Most Recent Position =.Em:.:i:p:.::::lo,_:;yec..r- - - - -- -- - - - - - - - C = i . : . z . . t y'/-=S=to=te_ _ _ _ _ _ __
f r o m _ _ _ T.:.:i.:.::tle:.___ _ _ _ _ _ __.::.;Du::.:.:ti:::;es..:::.&.:..:;Ac:.::;co::::m!t:.p::,:::lish::.:.:m:.::::en""ts:..___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
To

Previous Position
From _ __
To _ __ _

Employer Title

Du ties & Accomplishments

City/State

Previous Position
from _ __ fo. _ _ __

Em lo er Title

Duties & Accomplishments

Cit / State

General Information

(Summarize your overall qualificotions and experience in your field. List any pertinent information not included above.)

Principal Industry Background (Glau, Textiles, etc.)

Current Annual Bose5ola ry

Total Years ofExperience

U.S. Citizen O Yes D No

level of Security Clearance:

Presently Employed D Yes O No

I I R National Manpower Register, 635 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y.10022

IL ________________ ·_ ~

For more information, circle No. 39 on the Reader Service Card

'RICING and POLICIES
Xerox Data Systems-formerly Scienific Data Systems-announced that it s selectively adjusting prices and low~ring rental rates "to improve its competitive position in the business data processing marketplace." The company also announced a clarification and expansion of its previous policy of charging separately for programs and equipment.
Specifically, XDS will significantly broaden the range of Program Products available to customers; furnish and maintain these Program Products on a fee basis; continue to provide and maintain Control Programs (monitor and utility programs) aJ no extra charge to customers; offer significantly expanded systems analyst support on a fee. basis; and institute purchase and short-term lease price adjustments which will establish a more competitive structure for commercial configurations.

An effective 8 percent increase in prices for its Mark II time-sharing computer service in the United States has been announced by General Electric.
The new rates, to be effective December 1, "reflect the significant financial and technical resources (GE is) investing to increase the value of Mark II service and the need to adjust prices as a result of rising operating costs ."
A 38 percent price reduction on Computer Automation Corporation's Model 216 general purpose mini-computer-from $~, 890 to $7,990-was announced by ~AI President Dave Methvin, who said:
"A new price of $7,990 opens a much larger market for this class of computer so that potential volume warrants the lower cost."
A 10 percent discount has been announced by Interdata, Inc. on all com-

puters sold by th.e firm to recognized educational ins ti tu tions. Interdata's President, Daniel Sinnott, in announcing the discount said:
"We recognize the value of computers to colleges and universities. They serve not only to educate students in computer technology but support research programs on all levels of learning. By offering a discount we hope a greater number of institutions will be able to purchase computers."
Applied Data Research, Inc. will raise the lease price 10 percent on Autoflow, a proprietary software program.
The across-the-board increase, the first since the computer documentation system was initially introduced commercially in late 1966, would apply to all new Autoflow leases after January 1, 1970. Available on a three-year lease, the system is used by more than 800 computer installations.

The National Cash Register Company announced a new U. S. pricing structure for NOR computer systems under which the company will supply certain essential and predetermined systems support, educational assistance and software without extra charge but will price separately additional services required above that basic level.
Delta Data Systems has entered a new segment of the proprietary computer software market, by announcing a low-payment, three-year licensing arrangement for its commercial applications software. The new rental plan includes purchase options.
Under the new arrangement, a client pays an initial $2,500 implementation fee, and $400 per month for three years. During the period of the license, the client will receive regular announcements on all updates or modifications made to the system. Source program decks for the modifications will be sent to the client on his request, at no additional charge.
0 0 0
Bolstered by $10 million in new contracts and passing the 1,000 mark in sales of its 620/ i computer, Varian Data Machines announced an 18 percent price reduction for the minicomputer, equipped with 4096 16-bit words of storage-from $12,100 to $9,950.
0 0 0
NOVEMBER, 1969

We're hiring systems engineers like there's no tomorrow!
The truth is we need you to work on some very important tomorrows. Like the Navy's Poseidon Submarines ... control and navigation systems. Like the Coast Guard's National Data Buoy System ... for the electronic reporting of world-wide oceanographic and weather information. Like the automated answers to one of America's most critical civilian problems ... urban and highway traffic controls. Here at Sperry Systems Management Division, we've created the ideal environment for building tomorrows. For our customers. For America. For you, too, Mr. Engineer. Why not call us today!
Engineering Programming Analysts
Systems design, planning and generation of digital computer programs for real-time control systems, including analysis and programming of one or more phases of a project involving solution of complex system engineering problems, and generation of test plans. B.S. degree in Engineering, Physics or Math, with 2 to B years' programming experience required.
Send resume including salary requirements, or call collect:
Mr. J. KELLY (516} 938-9300
An Eq ua l Opportunity Employer
43

ANALYSTS· PROGRAMMERS:
YOU CAN HELP DEVELOP A

manufacturing control system

Sooner or later, you'll want to do better. And doing better is what to expect at Sikorsky. The chance to use your abilities in depth. To go and grow-from one absorbing assignment to another.
Consider the intriguing possibilities inherent in 33 sub-systems. A great breadth
of action which includes order entry ... inventory . .. shop scheduling-just to
start your thinking.
Obviously, we want people who need involvement. People who can kick the bread and butter routine and get

excited with us. And who want the personal and professional rewards associated with new dimensions.
The tasks and environment are here to support your creativity. Our inventory includes IBM 360's with graphics, teleprocessing and time-sharing.
So, if you possess a degree-or a com-
parable background-get in touch now. We have exceptional positions at all levels of experience. (Pl us a corporation-
financed Study Program to help keep you moving up.)
For prompt consideration, please airmail your resume in confidence, stating salary requirements, to:
MR. L. S. SHALVOY, PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT

SoFTwARE AGE

By GEORGE N. VASSILAKIS
Send your ANSWER to the problems posed here in each issue to:
TROUBLE-TRAN EDITOR
software age
P. 0. Box 2076 2211 Fordem Ave., Madison, Wis. 53701
You can also profit by submitting PROBLEMS for this feature. If your problem in FORTRAN programming is selected for use in this feature, you will receive $50.00
TROUBLE-TRAN'S Objectives: 1. To have fun. 2. To promote USA Standard FORTRAN
by pointing out differences and inconsistencies of existing FORTRAN Compilers. 3. To alert programmers to the physical limitations of hardware.
NOVEMBER, 1969

Here is a problem you will enjoy and it will give you the opportunity to win ten dollars.

Problem 19: THE SELF-REPRODUCING PROGRAM
Write a program to print an exact duplicate of itself.
Rules: 1. No input statements are allowed. 2. The output is an exact, line by line, duplicate of the source statement cards. 3. Non-standard FORTRAN is allowed. 4. Any programming language may be used, as long as the first two rules are observed. 5. Five $10 prizes will be awarded at random by a program that will use your last name in a random number generator algorithm. 6. To become eligible, your entry must be postmarked prior to December 5, 1969, and must include computer output.

Answer to Problem 17:
The oustanding response to "The One Instruction Computer" problem indicates that many TROUBLE-TRAN readers like to see something more than just a few lines of machine dependent FORTRAN coding. However, a large number of readers still enjoy the machine dependent FORTRAN problems. In order to satisfy both groups, I have decided to alternate the two types of problems.
A minority group has expressed a desire to see problems in COBOL, Assembly Language and 0/S 360. At this point I don't know what I can do to please these readers. However, if I have more similar requests, I may consider the possibility of expanding this column to include more than one problem per month.
Problem 17 was enjoyed by many as indicated by the following comments:
"I found this to be a most enjoyable exercise. . . . I am pleased to see an assembly/ machine language problem in your column . . . . Thank you for an enjoyable feature. . . . I enjoy seeing problems of this sort. . . . I have been using your ' Problem of the Month' as classwork. . . . I think it's a good idea to include some problems of this sort, but I hope that the column remains devoted primarily to FORTRAN. . . . There are many programmers working only in assembly language who would appreciate some more problems in that area. . . . Congratulations for including a problem aimed at those who enjoy problem solving at the machine-language level. . . . Say, what does Problem 17 have to do with FORTRAN?"
The solution of this problem required a minimum number of nine instructions. In the mail that I have received so far the solutions have between nine and twenty-five instructions.

Here are two of the best solutions:

1. Submitted by: Stan Kurtz, Columbus, Ohio

Comments

AO SJ Y,Y,A1

Zero Y

A1 SJ Y,X,END -X to Y, Jump End If X is 0

A2 SJ Z,Z,A3

Zero Z

A3 SJ Z,X,A4

-X to Z

A4 SJ Z,l,END

Z-1 to Z, Jump End If 0, Y is -X

SJ X,l,A6

X-1 to X, Jump A6 If 0, X Is Pos.

AS SJ W,W,A4 Loop

A6 SJ Y,Z,A7

Y=-X,Z:=-2X,Y-Z=X

A7 SJ W,W,END Required Jump to End

2. Submitted by: T. F. Coleman, Cleveland, Ohio

Comments

START SJ MINUSX,MINUSX,NSl1 Clear MINUS-X to Zero

NSl1 SJ Y,Y,NS12

Clear Absolute X to Zero

NSl2 SJ MINUSX,X,END

Setup MINUS-X and Exit If Zero

SJ MINUS1,MINUS1,NSl3 Setup a Constant

NSl3 SJ MINUS1,l,Any

of Minus One

LOOP SJ Y,MINUS1,Any

Increment Absolute X

SJ X,l,END

Decrement and Test Positive X

SJ MINUSX,l,END

Decrement and Test Positive X

SJ JUMP,JUMP,LOOP

Return to Loop

P. S. It is interesting to note that the best solutions come from Ohio!

XTRAN

FROM

BETTER

TC>

BEST

tip9'

-1r1g

Arline Bohl' Walter Senior Computing Engineer
Autonetics Division North American Rockwell
Anaheim, California
and
Marilyn Bohl Author, Curriculum Dev't. Science Research Associates
Palo Alto, California

Most of us learned to communicate at a very early age. We have gained the use of a language (which, for many of us, was English). First, we spoke it; then, we wrote it. The skills that we developed enabled us to convey our ideas, wants, and needs to others.
Now, as electronic data processing becomes vitally important in our world, many of us are learning new communication techniques. Our newly acquired skills enable us to communicate with machines essential for electronic data processing-namely, computers.

Historically, programmers first learned to communicate with computers via machine language. That is, we attempted to talk with computers in their language. But speaking or writing with 1 bits and 0 bits proved to be a tedious job. A search for better means of communication led to the development of assembler languages. High-level languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL soon followed. Continued efforts to provide the means for easy communication with computers has led to the development of Programming Language I (PL/ I).

NOVEMBER, 1969

. Now programmers are no longer forced to use l's and O's, or even to use highly structured phrases or strange terminology. PL/I offers programming flexibility and capabilities in communications hitherto unheralded. The opportunity available to each of us is to learn to use PL/I effectively. Techniques enumerated below will provide signHicant assistance in this effort.

DOCUMENTATION/MAINTENANCE

A good programmer realizes that the ·programs which he creates provide the basis for communication with other persons as well as with the computer. Programs that are written and entered in system libraries must be maintained. Maintenance personnel usually refer to source ·program listings when program modifications are required. Sometimes (and perhaps with increasing frequency as the scope of EDP widens) auditing personnel also examine computer programs. Concise, accurate documentation is essentiai and helps the reader to understand the processing steps within a program in these and many similar situations. The items listed below suggest standards or guides which can be established.

1. Write all source statements within columns 2 through 72 of the coding form; avoid writing more than one statement per line.

2. Abbreviate key words (DCL for DECLARE, CHAR f~r CHARACTER, and so on).

3. Align the assignment symbols in succes'sive assignment statements.

L_VAL = L_NET L _ GROSiSl = L_VAL+ L_EXPl

4. Use blanks to improve clarity.

xx= yy

is preferable to xx=yy

(TAG) (A) is preferable to (TAG) (A)

5. Use break characters for ease of readability where blanks are not permitted. For example, labels and variables can be written as RATE_ OF _PAY, OLD _ MAS, and so on.

6. Observe the following conventions with respect to margins and alignment of IF statements and Do groups.

Column 2 10 13 18 label 1'F THEN DO; statements of DO-group

causing structure elements to appear as consecutive entries in the compiler-generated attribute list. Duplicate names are less apt to occur.

DCL 1

P_COST_OF_ LIVING,

05 P _RENT

FIXED BIN (31),

05 P_FOOD,

10 (P_ MEAT,

P-FRUIT)

FIXED BIN (31),

05 P_TRANSPORTATION

FIXED BIN (31);

8. Place all DECLARE ( DCL) statements for a PROCEDURE immediately .after the PROCEDURE statement.

9. Declare all variables except those for which the attributes and the function served by the variable within the program are obvious. Indices, subscripts, and statement labels usually need not be declared explicitiy.

10. Comment a program liberally. Use columns 50 through 72 of coding lines for comments if this space is available. Otherwise, place the comment on succeeding lines, indented four columns from the leftmost character of the preceding source statement.

11. Avoid separating portions of a GET or PUT statement format-list. Rather, indent the succeeding line of coding four columns and place the entire format-list on that line, if possible.

12. Specify COLUMN ( nn) rather than x ( nn) in a format-list to achieve desired spacing. Required modification will be obvious, and careless errors will be avoided.

13. Do not include a data £le description in a £le declaration statement. Should modification of the £le be necessary or desirable, information within the program cannot be overridden by entries in job control cards.

14. Identify work areas by names which clearly indicate the utility purpose of the work area and the attributes of the area. This will prevent redundant specification of utility areas and careless use of work areas, requiring unnecessary conversion of data because of work area attributes.

DCL DEC60 FIXED DEC (06,0) ,

CHAR5 CHAR

(05);

END; ELSE DO;
7. Identify structure levels by assigning the integers 1, 05, 10, 15, . . . to succeeding levels within a program. Omission of numbers when assigning structure levels will readily permit establishment of minor structures within an
existing structure if program modification is
required. Observe alignment as given below. Also consider the use of a prefix within each programmer-supplied name as indicated, thus
48

EFFICIENCY IN COMPILATION/EXECUTION
One group of programming techniques within PL/I is important primarily because the techniques lead toward efficient program compilation and/or execution. Some of these follow.
A. Avoid the inclusion of unused labels or variables.
B. Use multiple assignment statements when possible. A, B = C; is perferable to A= C; B =C;
SoFTWARE AGE

C. Use factoring in DCL statements when possible.
DCL 1 P _WORK, 05 P _ HOUR, 10 (P_REG, P _OVER) FIXED DEC (5,2);

D. With edit-directed data transmission, use iteratiop factors iri format-lists.
3 F( 5) is preferable to F( 5), F( 5), F( 5)

E. A.void unnecessary entries in a format-list. For example, incorporate blanks in character-string data; to describe the character-string QUANTITY SOLD, followed by two blanks,
PUT FILE (EDIT) ('QUANTITY SOLD ') (A); is preferable to
PUT FILE (EDIT) ('QUANTITY SOLD') (A(l3),X(2) );

F. Use remote format if the same format-list is applicable to numerous GET and PUT statements. Note, however, that these statements should be related so that a change in the format of one statement implies changes in the formats of other statements as well.

G. The number of compiler-generated dictionary

entries as well as the need for internal pro-

cedures can be minimized through the use of

label arrays.

= I

GO TO L(3);

L(2):

L(3):

GOTO L(I): L( 4):

H. Based storage ·can be used to provide multiple area descriptions and thus permits character assignments rather than structure assignments to be made.
DCL 1 S_SAV, 05 S_INT,

CHAR120 CHAR (120) BASED (PS)
CHARO UT CHAR ( 120) BASED (POUT);

The data in the structure s_sAv can be written

o~ the output file OUTPUT by the following

statements.

=ADDR(S _ SAV);

LOCATE CHAROUT FILE (OUTPUT);

C~AROUT = CHAR120;

NOVEMBER, 1969

It's never too early to start saving their hearts
Help your children form good health habits now to reduce risk of heart attack later: · Encourage normal weight; obesity in youth
may persist throughout life; · Build body health through regular physical
activity; · Serve them foods low in saturated fats; · Teach them that cigarette smoking is haz-
ardous to health; · Make medical check-ups a family routine. Set a good example. Follow the rules yourself and guard your heart, too.
GIVE ...
so more will live
HEART FUND
Contributed by the Publisher
49

D~BUGGING
Even a skilled programmer faces the task of program debugging. However, he can apply several techniques during original program coding that will make this task easier. Some of the techniques mentioned under the previous subheadings also apply as debugging aids. Others are listed below.
· If possible, ·place coding inserted for temporary purposes on lines that do not contain permanent coding. For example, prefix lists can be inserted on the line immediately preceding the appropriate source statement.
· Identify temporary coding inserted for debugging purposes by comments such as / 0 DEBUG 0 I or / 0 TEMP0 /. These comments should begin in column 2 or column 50 of coding lines.
· Declare attributes that could be assigned by default when the explicit declaration serves as valuable program documentation or when a change in the default assumption could significantly effect program execution. Explicit declaration also requires cognizance on the part of the programmer of just what attributes variables do have. By scanning the compiler-generated attribute list, errors in spelling or keypunching can be detected after program compilation (rather than during program execution).
· Declare all entry points and their associated parameter lists and any return values in programmer-defined functions.
What is
the best way to cope with
an OCTOPUS?
Surround it? Hardly.
With 50,000 computers installed and 400,000 data processing profe_ssionals working in the field already, finding the right job is like battling an army of octopi.
Don 't let every recruiting company get his tentacles around your resume. You only need ONE job and your time and energy for interview$ are limited. What you need is personalized job selection, not mass resume processing.
When your target is an octopus, zero in. Contact us EXCLUSIVELY for the best data processing positions coast to coast-
·l'5)~.iileannta1sgtesr,nlencn.t
101 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017-Dept. SA-11-69 (212) 532-7710
Career Planners: DATA PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
50

· Use INITIAL in DECLARE statements as often as possible. This avoids careless mistakes due to

failure to initialize variables, eliminates the need

to use separate assignment statements, and ex-

hibits initial values.

.· Use repetition factors in GET and PUT numeric picture specifications.

' ( 07) 9' is preferable to '9999999'

' ( 06) 9V ( 03) 9' is preferable to '999999V999'

· The length of a character string need not be

specified for output described by format code A.

DCL

CARD

CHAR

PUT FILE EDIT (CARD) (A);

( 80);

is preferable to PUT FILE EDIT (CARD) (A( 80) );

· Align labeis to i~ternal procedures with the statement margin of the containing procedure.

Align the PROCEDURE and END statements as shown below.

. PlFST: PROCEDURE;

CALL P2SCD; P2SCD: PROCEDURE;

P2GO: other statements of this procedure
.
PlADD: other statements of PlFST

END;

· Improper boundary alignment may occur after execution of a READ statement in locate mode I/ 0. Before comparing a fixed binary field in a based structure , the fixed binary element should be assigned to a non-based fixed binary variable.

· Do not close files immediately after executing a

READ statement in locate mode 1/0. Closing a

file permits reuse of the storage addressed by

the pointer.

· Assign a 1- or 2-character prefix for use in the first entry-name of a procedure and all statement labels and entry-names internal to the procedure which are not entry-names of a contained procedure or internal to a contained procedure. Thes.e labels will then appear as consecutive entries in the compiler-generated attribute list. Errors arising from branches to labels which are unknown to the ,procedure and use of duplicate labels are thus avoided. Examples are L _ LREAD: and L _ LOOP: .

· An imbalance in END statements created by omission of one or more END statements can be determined after compilation rather than at execution time (where it is evidenced by abnormal program termination). Omitted statements are indicated by labels having smaller numeric values than those of consecutive instructions near the end of the object program listing.

SOFTWARE AGE

better books
by Dennie Van Tassel
THE TECHNOLOGY OF COMPUTER MUSIC. By M. V. Mathews. Cambridge: M. I. T. Press. 188 pages. 1969. $12.00.
Since very little has been published on computer music this book is quite welcome. In the past, several types of computer novelty music have been developed but very little serious computer music has been done. Computers have been programmed so card readers, line printers, and tape vacuum tubes produce music. Others have programmed computers so that once a portable radio is placed on top of a computer and tuned to the correct frequency music will emit from the radio.
This book is by M. V. Mathews, a pioneer and authority in the increasingly important field of generating and processing speech and music through computers. And even though THE TECHNOLOGY OF COMPUTER MUSIC is intended for people with a serious interest in computer sound generation, such as engineers, scientists, musicians, and audiologists, one may understand it and appreciate Mathews' concern for contemporary sound generation through computers without having a thorough knowledge of sound generating programs.
The first section of this book covers the representation of sounds as numbers, the underlying processes of sampling and quantizing a sound wave; the approximations and errors which are inherent in sampling and quantizing; the operation of digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters; the construction of smoothing filters; the storage and manipulation of sound waves in numerical form.
A perusal of the book shows that it is primarily for the serious student of computer music and that some understanding of the physical nature of music would be a prerequisite to a better understanding of the text.
The second section is titled "A Sequence of Tutorial Examples of Sound Generation" and it discusses a series of examples ranging from simple to complex sound synthesis. This part is meant to provide training in the use of a particular sound generating program-Music V.
The final chapter of the book gives a detailed description of the operation and structure of the program, Music V. Since Music V is written in Fortran it is easily adaptable to many computers. Also, researchers attempting to write their own music generating program will find the information on Music V helpful. And Mathews has provided many annotated references for further research.
NOVEMBER, 1969

One of the interesting appendixes discusses the relations of psychoacoustics to the composition of music by computers. Although the technology of electronic and computer sound generation has given us new tools of almost unlimited power for making new sounds, it has also created a new problem-the need to understand the psychoacoustics of musical perception. Sounds produced by conventional instruments are so well known that composers can proceed with the intuition they have developed from long experience. However, no such intuition exists for sounds such as computer produced music. Composers must understand the relation between the physical sound wave and how it is perceived by a hearer. Possibly in the future a composer will be able to look at a computer printout and perceive how it would sound as he can perceive regular music.
RUN, COMPUTER, RUN: The Mythology of Educational Innovation. By Anthony G. Oettinger. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 302 pages. 1969. $5.95.
Advocates of computer in education will be hardpressed to find one overall successful system, even in an experimental environment, let alone a regular school classroom situation. This is not to say there are no computer educational systems around
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51

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52

-sure there are, but they are in places like Pitts burgh, Stanford, Purdue, and Harvard and that abou exhausts the list. Even these systems which are ir very favorable financial, political, and intellectua environments, are limited in scope.
The above environments stand in sharp relief to other situations where embattled school boards are anxious only to keep both the budgets and kids in line. This contrast makes one aware of the problems any CAI system will have trying to obtain approval at the local level.
Anyone familiar with school politics in New York or innovative textbook acceptance in California will not be surprised to hear that one funded CAI system resulted in a school board recall election with the proposed computer system cancelled.
As one can determine from the subtitle (perhaps the author intended it to refer to RUN, RABBIT, RUN) this book suggests that computer age of education is not just around the corner-at least not without a lot of effort. When local school boards spend an average of only $4.00 per year per student on books, surely they cannot be expected to come forth with the required $50.00 per student per year for a CAI system. One must also remember that even an additional cost of $1.00 per student would result in a 50 million dollar expenditure in one year for education in the U. S.
In spite of all this Anthony Oettinger is not just a prophet of doom for all educational computer systems because he does mention that there are conditions necessary for successful CAI systems. One of the most important of these is that both long term commitments and the willingness to risk failures are necessary to spark successful CAI systems. Short term commitments have produced little except automatic page turners and prestigious expensive toys.
Another suggestion which is very interesting because it has been suggested several times by radicals of many contrasting hues is that students should be issued coupons for education which they can spend anyplace they wish. Thus the theory goes, lousy schools would have no pupils and be forced to upgrade or close, bad teachers would be shunned and competition would be brought into the schools.
Ideally this would result in the educational field being invaded by private, parochial, and public schools competing for the educational dollar and thus the best methods of education, including computers, would be employed, experimental successes would be rewarded, and a high degree of originality and diversity would be available.
For those interested in the educational computer field this book will provide both provocative and interesting reading and will probably shatter a few dreams.
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CQMpANIES PARTICIPA.YING IN THE S/A RESUME CENTER

Page
D Burroughs Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ : ...... ~ ...... :.............. 3rd Cover (P~oli, Pennsylvania; Pasadena, California)

D Callahan Center for Computer Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 (Torrance, California; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)

D Foxboro Company ................................................................. · ....... 58 (Foxboro, Massachusetts)

D Hughes Aircraft Co., Aerospace Div. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 (Culver City, California)

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Systems analysis and evaluation of business systems. Selected applicants will determine and participate in the establishment of either small processor systems or a large multi-processing system.
Study and development of on-line systems in

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business data communication environment.

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NOVEMBER, 1969

Software desig11ers and progranuners: develop Foxboro systems that can ta1k to cement
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Today Foxboro's computer controlled processing systems are performing monitoring and direct digital control of kiln and wet blending operations for cement production. They're also controlling processing functions around the world in power plants, refineries, for the chemical industry, pulp and paper, textiles and food.
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FJCC INTERVIEWS may be arranged by contacting Jay D. Hobson at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas during FJCC. If you prefer, forward your resume to his attention at The Foxboro Company, Dept. SA, Neponset Avenue, Foxboro, Mass. 02035. Foxboro is an equal opportunity Pmployer.

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WORD COUNT: Includes name and address (unless blind ad). The name of the city (Des Moines). state (New York) and zip code are counted as a total of two (2) words. Each abbreviation , initial ,
single figure or group of figures or letters count as a word . Symbols such as 35mm , ·coo, AC,
etc. count as a single word. Hyphenated words count as two (2) words .
..................·................................................................
NOVEMBER, 1969

software age
59

Your ideas about EDP leadership

may be 18 months behind the times.

But here's a chance to catch up.
RCA is committed to being on the frontier of EDP technology.
That includes hardware and software - interface and interaction.
For instance, right now, we are eighteen months ahead in large multi-user, multi-application, time sharing systems.
We consider that as just the beginning. We want to talk

to every EDP professional qualified to join us in exploring this frontier. Those who want a choice ranging over almost every conceivable application commercial, military, peripheral equipment, memory systems, programming, research, graphic composition systems, education, sales and systems support, new product development - you name it. We're involved.
The openings are throughout

the United States and overseas. Your best bet during the
FJCC is to see RCA. To arrange an interview in Las
Vegas, during the conference, please call Mr. A. C. Bennett at 702-734-8085.
If you can't see us during the conference, write to him at RCA, Dept. FJ-1 B, Building 2-2, Camden, New Jersey 08102. We are an equal opportunity employer.
non

SoFrWARE AcE

software age
CONFIDENTIAL INQUIRY
Your original copy of this form will be retained at the offices of SOFTWARE AGE and will be used for no other purpose than to notify the specific firms which you have checked {on the reverse side) of your interest.
TYPE OR PRINT CLEARLY FOR PHOTO REPRODUCTION
JOB DESIRED:
List computer hardware knowledge (names of systems, tape, disk, terminals, etc.>:

Programming specialties and years of experience (commercial, scientific, theoretical, experimental, analog, etc.>: - - - - - - - - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Systems programming on which you have had development experience {compilers, assemblers, executives, monitors, O.S., etc. lndic.ate for what computer): ________________

Programming languages used and extent of experience (COBOL, FORTRAN, etc.J: - - - - - - -

Applications programmed (aerospace, banking, insurance, math subroutines, compilers, etc.>: _ __

Systems analysis experience (card design, flow charting, operation analysis, etc.>:

EDP management experience (include ye,ars and number of people reporting to you): - - - - - -

SALARY: _ _ _ _ __
(current)

(desired)

DATE OF AVAILABILITY: _ _ _ _ _ _ __

EDUCATION: Indicate maior as well as degree unless self-explanatory.

Degrees - - - - - - - - - - - -

Years-------------

Schools

EMPLOYMENT: Indicate present employment and previous iobs below.

Employer - - - - - - - - - - - -

City - - - - - - - - - - - - Years _ _ _ _ _ _to_ _ _ _ __
Title or Function

~-----tO-------

_ _ _ _ _ _ to _ _ _ _ _ __

Name

Signature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Home

Address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
(city)

(state)

(ZIP code)

- - - - - - Home Phone _ _ _ _ _ __ Age _ _ __ U. S. Citizen? _ _ __

Security Clearance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Location Preference - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Marital Status - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Military Status - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
BE SURE YOU HAVE CHECKED ON REVERSE SIDE THE COMPANIES YOU WANT TO SEE THIS INQUIRY. PUT FORM IN STAMPED ENVELOPE AND MAIL TO:

software age MAGAZINE
P. 0. BOX 2076 2211 FORDEM AVE., MADISON, WIS. 53701

NOVEMBER, 1969

check your interests hert=

Fill in the confidential inquiry form on the other side of this
sheet. This form provides all the information advertisers require to screen applicants. If further information is desired, you will hear from the advertiser direct. Then, check below the
boxes of those companies to which you want copies of your

form sent. Mail to SOFTWARE AcE, P. 0. Box 2076, 2211 Forden Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53701. (Please do not send m your own resume. We will only process this form. A new form
must be filled out for each issue in which you are answering ads.)

Page O 1. Anny & Air Force Exchange Service ... . . . ... . . . 14 O 2. Burroughs Corporation . .. .. ... . ...... . ... 3rd Cover
0 3. COMPDATA Services Corporation . .. ... . .. . ... . 24 0 4. CTC Computer Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 O 5. Foxboro Company ........ . ..... .. . . .. .. ...... 58 0 6. Hughes Aircraft Company, Aerospace Div... . ... . 40
0 7. IBM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
0 8. Jet Propulsion Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 O 9. Lockheed-Georgia Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 O 10. Lockheed Missiles & Space Company . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 O 11. National Cash Register Company, Electronics Div. 57 O 12. North American Rockwell, Power Systems Div, . . . . 3 O 13. Pratt & Whitney Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 O 14. RCA, Information Systems Div. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 0 15. SA-110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 O 16. Sikorsky Aircraft .................. .. ...... . ... 44 O 17. Singer-Friden Div........... .. . . ... . . . .. 4th Cover O 18. Sperry Systems Management Div, .............. . 43 O 19, Univac .. . ........ . .............. .. . . ... .. ... 4-5 O 20. Xerox Data Systems .................... . 2nd Cover
EMPLOYMENT AND SEARCH AGENCIES O 21. Albe.rt Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 O 22. Callahan Center for Computer Personnel . . . . . . . . . 16 O 23. Computer Careers, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Page 0 24. Computer Personnel Agency, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 O 25. Drew Personnel Placement Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 D 26. Electronic Systems Personnel (Philadelphia) . . . . . . . 15 D 27. Electronic Systems Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 D 28. Fox-Morris Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 D 29. Ever.ett Kelley Associates, Inc. . . ......... . ...... 38 D 30. LaSalle Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 D 31. Lawrence Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 D 32. Management Scientists, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
0 33. National Manpower Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 D 34. RSVP Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0 35. Search, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 D 36. Sheridan Associates, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 0 37. Source EDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 D 38. Speer Personnel Consultants ........ . ........... 52 D 39. U. S. Career Recruiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 O 40. Wells Recruiting Systems, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
(use reader service card) Boorum & Pease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Library of Computer .and Information Sciences . . . . . . . . . . 53 Magneitic Aids, hlc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 North American Institute of Systems & Procedures . . ..... 22 Wassell Organization, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

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software age
P. 0. Box 2076 2211 Fordem Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53701
SoFTWARE AcE

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