The Electronic Engineer V31 N02 197202 THE
ELECTRONIC ENGINEER
a CHILTON publication / FEB RUARY 1972
Technology or profits- Part 2 These growth markets spell $for EEs
Introducing a new course: Packaging
The automotive electronics story : A $5 billion a year market by 1980, if .. .
A line-up of input-output rack and panel and cable-to-cable connectors with contact spacing on .100" centers. Elco's solution to the burgeoning packaging squeeze in electronic circuitry.
Let's take muster. First. the Series 8026 R/P and cable-to-cable connector that's equipped with the Elco high-rel iabi I ity crimp-and-ins~rt mini Varilok'"'contact. Team a Series 8026 117-contact plug with its corresponding receptacle, and you have a 117-contact connector that's in the same envelope as a 56-contact connector on .150" spacing . But packing more than twice the contacts in the same space.
Then, by the numbers. The 75contact 8026 connector will fit in the same space as ·a 38-contact connector on .150" spacing. And the 8026 33-contact connector is one of the smallest 33-contact R/P
connectors you've ever seen . And for back-up, we offer Series 8026 connector with 55 and 79 contacts on .125" square grid.
For your 1/0 back-panel applications, Elco Series 5540 connectors are available in the same sizes as the 8026, but use the field-proven VariconTM contact with .025" square wire wrappable posts. They incorporate- as do the 8026's-a new female turnable jackscrew that eliminates any possibility of damage to plate contacts in difficult.or blind mating situations. Both series use standardized polarizing and keying hardware to prevent unmatched plugs and receptacles from being mated .
And by no small coincidence, hardware standardization lets you minimize your in-house and field
stocking requirements. and allows you to use the same manufacturing set-up to assemble all sizes.
Besides helping. you cope with your close-order circuits, this roster of connectors will help you effect other cost economies. Like using your existing 8016 panel punches. Reducing inventory because they can do duty in R/P and cable-tocable applications as well as be used as an 1/0 . On a performance/ price basis, these high density connectors are your best buy because quality is equal to or better than, and published prices are much less than those of their pin-and-socket counterparts.
There's one more bonus. Immediate availability. Both Series. All sizes. Another service in keeping with CONNECTRON ICS, Elco's Total Connector Capability.
For full details on these new
connectors from Elco, contact: Elco, Willow Grove Division, ~ ~'·"-
t
Willow Grove, Pa. 19090
-~fil-
(215) 659-7000 Elco, Pacific Division,
L ............ '!Ii ~
2200 Park Place,
.__ __ _ __,
El Segundo, Calif. 90245 (213) 675-3311
Operations in USA, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Israel and Japan. Sa les offices throughout the wor ld. In Europe , Elco Beige, 77 Blancefloerlaan , Antwerp, Belgium, Tel. 03-190064. In the Far East, Elco Internationa l, TBR Bu ild ing, 2-10-2 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan, Tel . 580-2711/5.
Copyright © 1971 Elco Corp. All rights reserved.
Circle Reader Service #1.
DUAL-INLINE-PACKAGED REED RELAYS
Magnecraft is proud to announce its new DIP (dualinline-package) line of 8-pin reed relays . These new relays are designed not only to be compatible with the standard packaging developed for integrated circuits, but to offer Magnecraft quality at a low cost. This unique design gives further savings by offering the user the optimum in automated insertion and other ec'onomical installation techniques associated with printed circuit applications.
These fantastic new epoxy molded reed relays are ideal for use in circuits where high density packaging is essential. The 5VDC IC compatible versions of these relays will operate directly from TTL or DTL circuits.
Other standard coil voltages are available from stock in 6, 12, and 24VDC as well as contact configurations in 1 form A, 2 form A, 1 form B, and 1 form C. Most versions are also offered with a choice of an internal clamping diode.
Magnec::raFt~ELECTR·c coMPANv
5575 NORTH LYNCH A VE NUE · CHICAGO , ILLI N OIS 60630 · 312 · 282 5500 · TWX 910 221 5221
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
FREEi
REED RELAY HANDBOOK
The purpose of this 120-page handboo k is to assist the design engineer in specifying the proper reed relay for a given application. The book contains a glossary of terms, principles of operation , applications and design requirements as well as specifying and testing data. New products include the complete line of DIP Reed Relays.
Circle Reader Service #2
1
l-tt-13111IJ1l§ I BE~ER,QUALITY 1
AND RELIABILITY THROUGH CONTROL
·
They're Small and Reliable*
EL-MENCO DM5- DM10 - DM1 5- ON E COAT DIPPED MICA CAPACITORS
STYLE DM5
WORKING VO LTAGE
50VDC
CHARACTER ISTI C
c
D E
CAPACITANCE RANGE
!Q_F thru 40Q.QF 2?_Q_F thru 40Q_QF
Where space and performance are critical, more and more manufacturers are finding that El-Menco miniaturized dipped mica capacitors are the reliable solu-
F
B~F th ru 40Q_QF
tion , The single coat is available in three sizes: 1-CRH,
DM5
c
D E
_!Q_f th ru 20Q_QF 21.Q.F thru 20Q_QF
1-CRT and 1-CE.
F
c
B~F th ru 20Q£.F _!Q_f th ru 40Q_QF
The 1-CRH DM " space savers" easily meet all the
DMlO
lOOVDC
D E
2ZQf thru 40Q_Qf
requirements of MIL and EIA specifications, includ-,
F
c
B!;JJF thru 40QQf !Q_F thru 150QQf
ing moisture resistance. The 1-CE and 1-CRT units
DM15
D, E
2Zl?.f thru 150QQf
also meet the requirements of MIL and EIA specifica-
DM5
F
c
D E
B!;JJF thru 150QQf !Q_F thru 12QQf
2Zl?.f thru 12QQf
tion s, except that they have less moisture protection because of their thinner coating ; these capacitors,
F
B!;jlf th ru 12Q_Q_F
therefore, are ideally suited where potting wi ll be
DMlO
300VDC
c
D E
@= th ru 30Q_Qf
2Zl?.f thru 30Q_Qf
used. Note : DM10 anc:J DM15 units are still avai lable
F
S!;jlf thru 30QQf
in the standard 4-CR size.
c
!Q_F thru 120Q_Q_F
DM15
D E
2Zl?.f thru 120QQf
Specify " El-Menco" and be sure . . . the capacitors
F
c
85jlF thru 120QQf !Q_F th ru 25Q_Qf
with proven reliability. Send for complete data and
.,
DMlO
D E
2Zl?.f thru 25Q_Q_F
information.
DM15
500VDC
F
c
D E
F
B!;JJF thru 25Q£.F !P_F thru 75QQf
2Zl?.f thru 75QQf 85pF thru 750pF
*Normall y, El-Menco 39 pf capa cito rs will yield a failure rate of less than 0.001 % per th ousand ho urs at a 90% co nfid ence leve l when operated w ith rated voltage and at a tempe ratur e of BS"C. Rati ng fo r specifi c appli cations depends on style, capacitan ce valu e, and operating conditions,
THE ELECTRO MOTIVE MFG. CO., INC.
W ILLI MANTI C, CONNECTICUT 06226
Dipped Mica · Molded Mica · Silve red Mica Films · Mica Trimmers & Padde rs Mylar-Pap,er Dipped · Paper Dipped · Mylar Dipped · Tubular Paper
W est Coast Manulactu1ers contact: COLLINS &HYDE CO., 900 N. San Antonio Rd ., Los Altos, Califo rnia 94022 5380 W hittie r Bl vd ., Los Ange les , California 90022
ALSO SOLD NATIO NALLY THROUGH ELECTRONIC PARTS DI STRIB UTO RS
2
Circle Reader S ervice #3
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
THE
ELEGTRJ\J G EIViNEER
February 1972 Vol. 3 1 No. 2
Cover: It's not that th e auto makers t ook a different kind of alge bra in school , it's just th at ca pturing the automotive electronics business req uires a diffe rent perspect ive, acco rding to Trevor 0. Jones. Jones , Direct o r of Gene ral Mot or's El ectro nic Control Systems group and a forme r aerospace engineer, co ntends that " 24 Apollo spacecra fts times 5M parts
is diffe ren t than 5M ve hic les times 24 parts. " Seep . 56 fo r wha t Detroit wants fr om electronic engineers and their co mpanies whi c h hope
for a piece of th at $5 billion market by th e end of thi s deca de.
8 Edito ri al 12 Up to Date 27 Microworld DC·l Data Communications DC-2 Data Communications
Editori al DC-5 Data Commun ica ti ons
Fea ture DC-8 Data Communications
News DC-9 Data Co mmun ications
Appli ca ti ons DC-10 Computer Systems
Design Con feren ce Previ ew DC-11 Data Co mmunica tions Produ cts 51 Pac kagin g Course 56 Challenge 65 New Produ ct Fea ture 66 Mic rowo rld New Pr od ucts 70 Lab New Produ cts 74 Literature 79 Adv ertising Inde x
16 TECHNOLOGY OR PROFITS?-PART 2 By Albe rto Socolovs ky
Are we weathering the economic stor ms t hat have buffeted the elec troni cs in du st ry ? It 'll make no difference if there is no real growth throughout the rest of the '?Os . Fo r the m arkets th at offer the greatest sources of profit throu gh t echno logy and how yo u can win them , read thi s.
27 SILICON ON SAPPHIRE: a technology comes of age By D. J. Durn in and E. C. Ross
If you've been looking fo r the high speed of bipolar with th e low manufacturing cost of MOS , si lico n on sa pphire , a new te chn olo gy , may be your answer . With no possi bility of lea kage between dev ices an d a low drain-to-substrate capac itan ce , this co ul d be a rea l winner.
DC-1 DATA COMMUNICATIONS following page 32
In this m on thly section , we bring y ou the latest in data systems. produ cts, news , and t rends .
DC-2 INTERCONNECTION-AN FCC OVERVIEW By Bern ard Stras sbu rg
Where does the interco nnection squ abble stand? Let the FCC' s Common Carrier Chief t ell you.
DC-5 ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION By Steve St uart an d Ralph Ungerma n n
Syn chrono us o r async hronous? When tr ansmitt ing lo ng distan ce di gi tal data which way shou ld you go? For some requirements , asynch rono us looks ve ry attractive beca use of the g rea ter si mplicity of equ ipment needed . Here 's a basic look at th e pros a nd co ns t o help make yo ur decision.
DC-10 COMPUTER DESIGNERS GET A TWO-COAST SHOW
Whether you ' re in Anaheim , Calif. , on Feb. 22-24 o r Bost on , Mass., on Ap ril 18-20 , if you 're inter-
ested in co mputer tec hn ology , you 're in th e ri ght pl ac e. The Computer Systems Design Co nfer-
ence has a 200-booth exhibit. and tec hnica l programs with so me of EE 's top editors.
·
51 THE LITTLE BUGS THAT TAMED THE BIG PACKAGES
By A. Socolovsky and S. Ru th
Why a co urse on packaging? Not t oo long ago that would have been a va lid questi on , but not to-
day. Th e speed and complexi ty of circ uits have now made it an integral part of th e design fun c-
ti on . In coming months. we 'll exp lore IC packages. circ ui t boards & cab les , ba ck panels , etc.
56 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS IS NO LEMON By John Mc Nichol
For the past decade, th e reality of putting the elec t ronic enginee r 's expertise in t o the massive car design market has hovered over th e horizon . Howeve r , the Direct or of GM 's El ectroni c Cont rol Systems group t ells why Detroi t now needs EEs for wha t cou ld be a $5 billion market.
T HE ELECTRON IC ENGIN EER · Feb. 1972
3
4
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Our new µA776: Closest thing to a universal op amp yet devised.
varied in response to an input signal. And it can be turned on or off externally.
We call the µA 776 our "do-everything" op amp.
The µA 776 offers superior operation at levels
It probably is the next industry standard: one high similar to standard general purpose op amps. In
quality device that, with the addition of a simple
fact, when biased with a 15µA set current, it
external resistor, can be tailored for optimum
has approximately the same gain, slew rate and
performance over an enormous span of applications. bandwidth as a µA 741. But with an order of
From the world's linear leader.
magnitude improvement in input bias current,
µA776 Typical Performance
input offset current, noise current and power dissipation.
QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT AS A
INPUT BIAS CURRENT AS A FUNC-
FUNCTION OF SET CURRENT.
TION OF SET CURRENT.
Or you can operate it from a supply voltage of
·
1000
'
"3_ TA · 25°C
JJ.
100 JU Jl1 ~ TA · 25' C
l-!J.OV s v5s ! l8V
j
I/ l/
only ± 1.2V. This means the device can be run off of two battery cells and with the proper set resistor the total power drain of the op amp will be lower than the battery leakage.
m
·- 0.1 _l JI
i:f[E: J!iAm
0.01 0.1
l
10
100
ISET - SET CURRENT - µA
SLEW RATE AS A FUNCTION OF SET CURRENT.
10~~~~~--n~~.,....,,..,
l
v l7
o. l
0.01
~
J1IT
0.1
10
100
ISET - SET CURRENT - µA
OP EN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN AS A FUNCTION OF SET CURRENT.
The broad versatility of the µA776 means it is ideal for micropower applications, battery powered systems, medical electronics, long-time integrators, high-accuracy sample and hold, frequency processors and active filters. For many uses, it becomes the only op amp you need specify on your standard parts list.
Available with complete data package, from your friendly Fairchild distributor.
~ 0. 1f - - -+ - - ---17'--i"f-
~
0..
g 0
z ~ 105 f---J<+l+-+--+-H-+--+--+-++'---<
0.1
10
ISET - SET CURRENT - µA
µA776
100 ISET - SET CURRENT - µA
The wide range of available characteristics makes it extremely versatile. And useful. It is adjustable for either standard or micropower application. It can be biased to have any of a number of fixed characteristics; or biased so that the characteristics of the amplifier can be
New LIC Data Book
The µA 776 is the newest of 17 general and specific purpose op amps. All fully described in our new LIC Data Book: 320 pages covering 84 quality LIC devices. Available now by writing to the address below.
·
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR, A Division of Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp., 464 Ellis St., Mountain View, Ca. 94040. ( 415 )' 962-5011. TWX: 910-379-6435
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
Circle Reader Service #4
5
KEPCO TALKS POWER SUPPLY TECHNOLOGY:
Anew tool for system designers...
Almost all of today's programmable d-c power suppli es are contro lled with respect to their positive out put terminal. That means that when you seek to program such power supplies with a voltage signal , or the o utput of a DAC, the power supply's plus terminal is commo n to your signal so urce. When silicon NPN power transistors are used in a series regulator ; that's the way the polarities work out.
Kepco's new interface devices, the NTC , employ a shunt regulator configuration to reverse the norma l contro l polarities. Each NTC is a comp lete power supply , capable of what we term "operational programming," which means that its o utput can be determined on the basis of input and feedback parameters with its NEGATIVE termi nal common. Other power sup plies couple to it in a noninverting, unity-gai n fashion to function as repeaters or voltage fo llowers.
PROGRAMMING VOLTAGE WITHOUT NTC
R,
+ Signal
Power Supply
11-- .--- - - --< '0 -
R,
OUT PUT e0
e;
e0 = e; (R,/ R;I
~-------------e----------1;0 + COMMON
PROGRAMMING WITH AN NTC
R,
Signal +
NTC R;
Power Supply
COMMON
There are two NTC models:
NTC 200 NTC 2000
0- 200V at 0- 10 mA 0- 2000Vat 0- 1 mA
0 -
$ 190.00 $325.00
..
-lei' . ~
~ ···
Model NTC 2000
When not functioning as the inverting amp li fier for a power supply-booster, the NTC can serve in its own right as a lowpowered (2 watt) d-c source with fast-s lewing ca pabi lity : 3V/µsec. for the NTC 2000, 1V/µsec . for the NTC 200; and low ripp le: less than 0 .0 1% or 5 mV, whichever is greater. Their high ga in : > 0.5 x 106 volts per vo lt, suits NTC fo r a variety of complementary OP-Amp roles.
For full information on NTC, request Bulletin 146- 1267.
KEPCD @
Write Department DU- 19
KEPCO, INC. · 131-38 SANFORD AVENUE· FLUSHING, N.Y. 11352
(2 12) 461-7000 ·TWX # 710-582-2631
Circle Reader Service #5
6
THE ELEGTRJ\JIG
EITTNEER
Febru a ry 1972 Vol. 31N o.2
Bernard M. Gittelman .......... ... ...... .Publisher Alberto Socolovsky .... .... ...... ....... ....... Editor Arthur J . Boyle ........... .. .... ...... Managing Editor Smedley B. Ruth .................... Associate Editor John E. Hi c key, Jr...... ... ..... .... .Features Editor Sheldon Edel m an ... ........ ... Western Ed itor S. F. Stephen A. Thompson ...... .Western Ed itor L.A. John Mc Ni chol .. ........ .... .. New Directi ons Ed itor Deborah P. Wilkins .. .. ... ......... Assistant Editor Dr. 0. M. Salati ....... .. .. .. ........... ... ..Cons ultant Anne Axe ..... ..... ..... ... ... ..... ... Editorial Assistant Lynda Rothstein ...... .... .. ... .. Editorial Assistant Mae Moyer ... .. ... ..... ...... Editori al Reader Service Andrew Mittelbrunn .... ..... Chi lton Art Director Phaue Featherson .. .. ..... ... .. .. ...... ... .... Artist Geo rge Baker .. ........... Washington News Burea u Neil Regeimbal. ... ....... Washington News Bureau
K. Robert Brink .......... Pu blish ing Vi ce President
Executive and Editorial Offices: One Decker Square. Bala-Cyn wyd . Pa. 19004 Te l: (2 15) SH 8-2000
Address Mail to: 56th & Chestnut Sts.. Phil adelphia . Pa . 19139
Western Offic ea: Stephen A. Thom pson 3727 W. 6t h St.. H202 . Los Angeles. Calif. 90005 Tel : (213) DU 7- 1271
Sheldon Z. Edelman 199 First St. . Rm . 335. Los Altos. Ca lif. 94022 Tel : (415) 941 -6655
Chilton Officers & Directors: Robert E. McKenna, President : John H. Kofron , Charles W. Hevner, William A. Barbour, Sr. Vice Pres idents : Richard H. Groves, K. Robert Brink, Publishin g Vice Presidents: James Mlades, Vice President, Finance: James A. Naugh· ton , Vice President, Crea t ive Services; Christian H. Miller, Secretary ; Thomas J. Casper, Spencer H. Collmann, John P. Kush · nerlck, Raymond 0 . Nelson , Eugene C. Beaudet, William A. Phair, David Acton, Donald P. Jones, Rich ard C. Sorllen .
Monthly publication of Chilton Com pany. Chestnut & 56th Sts..
..
Phila .. Pa . 19139. (Area Code 2 15) SHer wood 8-2000. Control led
ci rc ulati on postage paid at Philadelphia . Pa . $1 a cop y . Subscrip-
tion rates U. S. and U. S. Po ssessions: 1 yr. $1 2.00; 2 yrs. $20.00.
Canada I year $14.00: 2 yrs. $25.00. All other coun tr ies I yr. $20.00: 2 yrs. $35 .00. ~ Chi lton Company 1972. Title Reg. U.S.
Patent Office. Reproduction or reprinting prohibited except by
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Engineer a n ~ it s predecessors. Electronic Industries an d Tele-Tech ,
may be obtained fr om Universit y Micro film s, 313 N. First St.. Ann
Arbor, Mich.
The Chilton Electronics and Instrumentation Group
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Instru ments and Control Systems
Instrument & Apparatus News
Med ical El ec troni cs News
El ectro nic Co mpo nent News
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l :::~::Z·:!
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
·LSI Transmitter And Receiver Create Dual-Mode FleJEibility In Data Terminal Designs
A different, and improved, approach to the terminal transmitter and receiver functions in data communications systems is available now in Motorola's new MOS LSI MC2257 and MC2259. They operate in both asynchronous and synchronous modes to provide a new dimension of flexibility . Compared to present bipolar designs they make big reductions in package count and space requirements. When the receive-only function is required there is no need to buy and waste half the unit. And both parts are compatible with TTL circuitry.
These exciting innovations are designed to serve the requirements of the ubiquitous communications inputoutput section of data communications systems. Use them in alphanumeric CRTs, seria l printers, teletypes, various types of remote terminals, factory data collection terminals, concentrators a nd multiplexers, and mini-computers.
MC2257, the transmitte r, takes parallel binary data in the form of characters and transmits them serially. Internally generated parity (odd or even ), when applicable, and control bits (a start bit and one or two stop
bits ) for the asynch ronous mode are transmitted with the characters. It displaces up to 30 bipolar packages.
The receiver, MC2259, accepts serial data, organizes
the bits into fixed word lengths corresponding to characters and transfers them to a buffer register where the characters are accessed in a parallel format. Provision of a wired-OR configuration on a ll outputs is a feature it shares with the M C2257. On-chip synchronization of the clock to data is provided for both synchronous .and asynchronous operation. An over-run signal is generated to denote a lost character, and an error is indicated when received parity differs from the externally selectable parity. This part eliminates some 41 bipolar units.
Both packages are dual in-line ceram ic, 24 pin fo r the M C2257 and 28 pin for the MC2259. The low pricin g
is remarkable at $13.60 for the MC2257 and $18.60 for the M C2259. Learn more about this unique pair of data communications adapters by writing to Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc., P . 0. Box 20912, Phoenix, AZ 85036. Or just go right out and buy a get acquainted quantity from your Motorola distributor now.
THE ELECT RONI C ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service #6
NIOS
specialty!
7
EOlCPl/\L
What 's wrong under the hood?
The sheer size o f the autom otive industry has for the past I0 ye ars both attracted and ba ffled manufacturer s of electronic compo nents. If we don ' t co unt ea rlier a pplica ti o ns such as d oor switches a nd harness co nnector s, the fir st co mpan y to hit paydirt was M oto ro la wh en, under th e d a ring in spiratio n of Les H ogan a nd John Welt y, it deve lo ped sili co n rectifi er di odes fo r the a lternators o f 1960 C hr yslers.
Since then , the dream s of se mico ndu cto r men ha ve been fill ed with visio ns of g luin g a ll kind s o f electroni c co mponents o n to milli ons o f a ut o m obil es . But so fa r, while m ost semi co ndu ctor ma nu fac turer s have m ad e no ises th a t they a re interested in , or made co ntac ts with , or so ld a few pro totypes- o r eve n so me producti o n qu a ntities- to th e a ut o m obile Es ta bli shm ent , onl y three o r fo ur co mpanies have scored a ny meas ure o f success under th e hood . M ot oro la cl a im s seni ority, TRW famili arit y, Texas In strum ents the m os t so phisti ca ted a pplicati o n (a nti -s kid co ntrol), a nd RCA m ost of the sa les- perh a ps ha lf of $20 m illi o n. In additi on, S olitron is agg ress ively pursuin g th e "a ut o m o ti ve a fterm a rk et," at pa rts a nd speed sho ps- a nother $ 10 milli o n m ar ket. No t mu ch o f a cla im fo r a mar ket touted to be in th e billi o ns by 1980. Wh y? Trevo r Jones, G M's to p electronics ma n, put it ve ry simpl y: "a 30¢ powe r semi co nducto r ca n' t co mpete with a lo wer- pri ced switch ."
Of co urse it can ' t, not yet. But, as J ones him se lf points o ut in p. 56 o f th is iss ue, thank s to the forth co min g leg isla ti o n o n a uto m o bile po lluti o n and sa fety, the d o ll a rs will be not in repl a cin g switches, bu t in implem enting detection a nd co ntrol functi o ns too co mplex fo r switches .
Yet while the business opportunities th a t the new leg isla ti o n a nd syste ms will open a re impo rt a nt, shouldn ' t the employm ent o pportun ities they will crea te both in se m icond uctor pl a nt s a nd at a uto m o tive co mpa ni es be even m ore impo rta nt? Th ey are, but do n' t ex pect them to hea l the gapi ng wo unds the 1970 recess io n le ft in the rank s of aeros pace eng inee rs. George Mu eller, pres id ent o f S ys tem s Develo pm ent Co rp ., estim a tes th at it ta kes $5 0k /yea r worth o f sa les by a n aerospace co mpa ny to empl oy o ne eng in eer or scien tist, whil e the co rres ponding fig ure fo r th e a uto m o ti ve indu str y is $ 10 mill io n. Our fi gures, whi ch we co mpiled during las t yea r' s ca mpa ig n on op port un it ies for o ur reader* , a re a little less pessim isti c: each cut o f $ 10 mill io n in aerospace cos t th e j o bs of 60-65 eng in eers, while o nl y 10- 15 o f them co uld find empl oy ment with each $ 10 milli o n o f new electro nic system s in a ut o m obi les . In o ther wo rd s, we estim a te th a t, if a ut o m oti ve electro ni cs is a $5 bi ll io n indu str y by 1980, it will have crea ted a bo ut 5000 to 7500 jobs fo r e ngi neer s.
We ca nn o t a fford to lose th ese jo bs, or th ose d o ll a rs. The elec tro ni c revo luti o n in the autom o bile is not tak ing pl ace just in th e U .S ., as the Bosch inj ec tio n
sys te m in Volk swagen s and the work o f Dr. G . Vill a at F ia t pro ve. J o nes, himself a n EE who wo rked in aeros pace, has a fe w nudges fo r sem ico nducto r m a nu fac turers, a nd wo rds of wisdo m fo r EEs o n ho w to succeed under th e hood . Hi s nudges must be ac kn o wl edged , a nd hi s ad vice heeded , o r else by 1980 we' ll be wo nderin g how co me the cars a nd the electro nic systems a re co m ing fr o m a broad , a nd whe re did the jobs a nd the d o ll a rs go.
Albu-Iv S()co/011.r'(
£di10r
*St.:t.: "Appo in tmt.:nt in \V ash ington," The Elect roni c E n g in£'e r ~ M ay 1971. p. 28.
' We can pu t all this into a chip this small . .
8
T HE ELECTRO NI C ENGIN EER · Feb. 1972
......-TELEDYNE PHILBRICK
I'·*{·)
economy 8·bit
DIA converter
Another $19 DAC? But, don't put us down until you've tried it.
Competition gives you exactly what you pay for ... a $19 circuit ... no more, no less. Ours is based on Philbrick's famous 4006/4007 digital to analog converters selling originally for $70 to $75.
Combined thick-film and re-flow techniques have endowed our 4020/4021 8-bit model with higher performance than you'll get from any competitive unit. Things like-linearity of + 1/2 LSB with a settling time of 25 µ,sec and temperature coefficient of40 ppm/°C.
Match this with any other $19 DAC and you'll know why we say it's a bit ahead of theirs.
Looking fora 10-bitmodel? Then compare our 4022/4023 $29 version with anybody's. We welcome the comparison. Evaluation samples are yours for the asking. While you're asking, request our new 1972 Product Guide. Ask your local Philbrick representative or write, Teledyne Philbrick, Allied Drive at Route 128, Dedham, Massachusetts 02026. For toll-free ready data dial (800) 225-7883. In Mass., (617) 329-1600.
Philbrick Data Converters. The good ones.
THE ELECTRONI C EN GINEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service #7
9
The Computer Automation NAKED MINI"'' is naked. But it's not stripped. And that's an important difference.
To us, if a minicomputer is stripped, it's not even a computer. It's only a limited controller. Loose cards and components without even a memory. Sort of a do-it-yourself kit. That's not what you get from us.
The NAKED MINI is a fully-operational, general purpose computer with 4K of expandable memory.
With our NAKED MINI 8-bit and 16-bit computers, the only things missing are the power supply, console, and chassis. That's all.
No, the NAKED MINI is not a stripped computer. Far from it. It has the complete power of a stand-alone system. It's an integral unit, designed for maximum useability and interface-
FJCC Booth 1341
ability. It's fully tested and warranteed. And it comes with a complete line of standard software.
In fact, you get a lot of features that costlier stand-alone computers don't even have. Standard items like our 145 basic instructions (76 with the 8-bit), the most powerful instruction sets on the market. Three direct memory channels. Vectored priority interrupts. Hardware arithmetic features. And 32K of core. Plus hardware multiply/divide and full byte operations on our 16-bit machines.
Even though our NAKED MINl's have all this horsepower and flexibility, think of them as a component. A component ready to be thoroughly buried inside your OEM product.
Because of its low price tag, the NAKED MINI makes it economically feasible to design your product with a mini-
computer, rather than hardwired circuitry. This enhances
Naked Mini Quantity Pricing
your sys tem performance, while reducing system costs co nsi derably.
For the systems designer, the NAKED MINI concept means an op portunity to get the full computer power of our packaged machines. But at the price of a component. Take a look
10-19
NAKED MINl-16
4K
$2500.
2K
2200.
20-49
$2400. 2100.
50-99
$2300. 2000.
100-199 200 plus
$2200. $1995. 1900. 1725.
at our quantity pricing list. We think you'll agree. ·
NAKED MINl-8
We'll be glad to send you full
8K
$2275. $2125. $2000. $1925. $1730.
specification details , including a
4K
1975. 1825. 1700. 1600. 1450.
complete listing of the standard instruction set and software . Just write or ca ll us .
(NAKED MINl's are sotd on firm purchase orders in minimum quantities of 10 units.)
Th e NAKED MINI has nothing to hide.
COMPUTER AUTOMATION, INC.
895 West 16th Street · Newport Beach , California
92660 · Phone (714) 642-9630 · TWX 910-596-1377
Circle Reader Service #8
UPD-D\TE
FCC accepts transmitter ... The FCC recently granted type accep tan ce to Laser Link Co rp. 's fiv e-channel micr owave transmitter. Designed for use in lo ng hau l a nd loca l distribution service for ca ble T V and wideband data tran smissi o n applications , initi a l use will be in the CATV field. Here the tran smitt er, as part of a ser ies of relays , wi ll let cable sys tem s impo rt up to five TV channe ls from as far away as 250 mil es . Un lik e conve nti ona l microw ave systems, relay points need just one microwave ca rrier instead of fi ve, a nd the system req uires no vid eo demodulation / remodulation at th e re lays or terminal s.
Cashing in on the chips .. . If yo u're a n electronic manufacturer or a se miconduct or supplier th at needs custom monolithic chips , here's a unique offer yo u' re sure to be inter es ted in. Integra ted Circ uit Engineering Co rp . ( ICE) is offeri ng yo u a free bipolar wafer processed from yo ur mask set. The offe r is based on ICE acceptance of a commercial grade mask set; is limited to one wafer per U.S. continental company; and expires March l. For full details on this unusual offer contact Gary M . Orman , Vice President, ICE Corp., 4900 E. Indian School Rd., Phoenix, Ariz. or call him at (602) 959-4760.
All is not lost in space ... With the app roac hin g end of th e Apollo m oo n mi ss ions came Pres ident Nixon 's deci sio n to go a head with the proposed $5.5 billi on space shut tle. NASA es tim ates that each shuttle ni ght wou ld cos t less th a n $ 10 million , s ince th e space shu tt le wou ld rema in in orb it and cou ld be used man y tim es. The sys tem is expected to be ready for operation by 1980. With as man y as 50,000 new jobs expected to be created , it 's good news for engineers. Although it ca n't rep lace the 200,000 jobs lost with th e phasing o ut of the Apollo a nd ot her space prog r a ms, m a ny o f the new j o bs are lik ely to be in Southern California, one of the a reas ha rdest hit by military and space cutbac ks.
Will land mobile kill that busy signa l'? ... The FCC now faces AT &T's co ntr ove rsia l proposal fo r a hi g h- capacity mo bile comm unications system th a t purports to relieve the limitati ons of assigned freq uencies and the over load of exist ing tele ph o ne se rvices . The new system would operate in th e 806-88 1 MH z band rece ntl y a ll oca ted by the FCC for mobile comm uni cations serv ice. AT &T is prepared to go a ll o ut for their sys tem pro vided, among o th er thin gs, a full 75 MH z be a ll ocated to wireline common car ri e rs exclusively . Motorola den o un ces th e 75-M H z a ll oca ti on as ex tr avagant and unnecessary, and claims that " 18 MHz is an amp le a ll oca ti o n for th e initiation of a compre hensive ce ll system. " A nd Glenn R. Petersen of GE's Mobile Radi o Dept. sta tes th a t th e FCC's a ll oca ted frequenc ies wi ll not " prov ide a permanent so luti on to channel ava ilability fo r mobile rad io users ." He sugges ts, instead, "space-division " multipl exing to meet the unexpected spectrum c run ch .
12
Packard's packing up to go ... When Deputy Defense Secretary David Packard recently resigned from his prestigious, th ough pressing position , he left with a spiel o f typical " Pac ka rdi sms" co ncernin g the politics involved in defe nse decisio ns.. Packard a lw ays spoke his mind , which is why he was able to defeat political press ures when it came to initiating a new weapons procurement policy and reorganizing the Pentago n . No wonde r nea rl y all industry leaders rega rd Packard as a legend, reg ret hi s resignation, and realize he left behind a tough spot to fill.
Moving towards MOY ... Genera l Electric is o n the m ove with a new fami ly of se mic o ndu ctor d ev ices, call ed GEMOYTM (metal-oxide varis to rs) , designed to pro tect a ll types of electron ic eq uipm ent- home entertainment, a utom o tive systems , comp lex comm un ica ti ons sys tem s, etc .- against high voltage surges. Althou g h Japanese patents cover the var istor material, GE produces it und er a licensi ng agreeme nt wi th M a tsushit a. Eyeing m a ny potenti a l app li catio ns in the a uto m o ti ve industry for the new device, GE predict s the to ta l market will gro w to $20-30 milli on in five yea rs.
Circle Reader Service #220
Ions for sale: approximately 10- 11 <;: apiece . . . Requests have been so numerous that Accelerators In c . is settin g up an implantation service. Standard impla nts are boron, phos ph oro us, arse ni c, or a ntim ony io ns in wafers th at a re heated or at room tem perature . Energies run between 30 a nd 300 kV , while do ses go as hi g h as 10 1; ion s/ cm ' . Although the se tup charge per species is $150, implantation price d e pend s on dose a nd lot size. On e t o te n wafers do ped to 10 13 ions/ c m 2, for exa mple , cost $25 / wafer ; 10 " ions / cm ' cos t $ 125 / wa fer. Other io ns, energies, and dose s a re negotiable . Acce lera to rs In c ., 2 12 Indu strial Bl vd. , A usti n, Tex. 78704.
Circle Reader Service #221
Would you go to a conference ... if yo u were told th at a t least ha lf of th e papers we re on subjec ts that a re here to stay? An d that you co ul d hear and speak to the m en who are not o nl y a t th e forefront of techn o logy , but wh o ha ve the a uth ority to tell yo u what ' s ahead? In th e fi e ld of se mico ndu ctors that co n fe rence is the Internati onal Solid State Circ uit s Co nfere nce to be held in Phil adelphi a , Feb. 16- 18.
Among the subject s th at a re here to stay a nd th at yo u ' ll hea r abo ut are memories, aut omo ti ve a nd co nsum er electronics , readouts and di splays, ch a rge- tra nsfer devices , lin ear 1cs, and microwave semico ndu cto rs. And a m o ng the people you ' ll talk to abo ut what 's ahead are Dr. R o bert Noyce of Intel, Steve Levy of Motorola , a nd Fred Bu cy o f Tl . There' ll a lso be leade rs of these grow in g m ar kets from overseas.
Registration : I EEE members, $25 before Feb. I I, $30 a fter. Nonmembers, $30 and $35. If yo u ca n' t attend , order th e Digest of Techn ical Papers for $ 10 befo re Feb. I I, $15 after. Nonmembe rs, $15 and $20.
T HE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
¢-LINE MICROWAVE PIN DIODES
Choose the best
and still pay less for your
microwave switching needs
\.),.J\Aoo"'e u~o"oo''eee
\.) ,.J\1-i.<>"\
uu~"'o'o.";e-~
You can now select capacitance , resistance and carrier lifetime and get circu it optimization
u~,,..JJ\f\!:of2e.O0""e
at the industry's lowest prices. These new 100V PIN diodes from Unitrode all feature low distortion and low insertion loss for microwave applications
such as TR switches, antenna selectors , receiver channel selectors,
switching matrices and attenuators in AGC circuits. They '.re avai lable off the shelf
at your local Unitrode distributor. Samples on request.
For fast action , call Sales Engineering collect at (617) 926-0404,
Unitrode Corporation , Dept.2 W , 580 Pleasant Street, Watertown , Mass. 02172
ill!]
- · UN IT R 0 DE quality takes the worry out of paying less.
Circle Reader Service #9
POWERTEC
WINS
POWER RJICE With Reiord Low Priies For New, High Performanie OEM Series
JILL MODELS DELIVERJIBLE FROM STOCK IN l'I HOURS
Leading the power supply industry with new low prices, top performance and reliability, Powertec's new OEM Series offers 7 popular voltages, in six basic sizes, with 42 power output combinations and is main frame, peripheral and instrument rated.
Available from stock, the OEM Series is a "no frills" fundamental new design - not a price cut, loss leader! Don't take a chance on an also-ran! Get a winner from THE power people at THE power house - Powertec. Request free application data and catalog.
Model Number
*(S)
sv
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I2V
ISV
I8V
20V
24V
2B(*)
3A
2 .SA
I .SA
I .3A
I.OA
l.OA
1.0A
$24.9S
2C(*)
6A
SA
3 .0 A
2.8A
2.0A
2.3A
2.3A
$44.00
2D(*)
I2A
lOA
6.SA
6.0A
4.SA
S.OA
S.OA
$7S.OO
2E(*)
2SA
23A
ISA
14A
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llA
$I29.00
2F(*)
SOA
46A
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· REGULATION : Line± .OS%, Load± .OS% · INPUT: llS VAC ± lOV 47-63Hz · RIPPLE: Imv RMS (S & ISV), 3mv RMS (24V)
· O.L. PROTECTION : Currentlimit/foldback · RESPONSE: SOµ.sec typical · TEMPERATURE: 0° C to 40° C derated to 71 ° C
PO\NERTEC INC . anAirtronicssubsidiary
9I68 De Soto Ave., Chatsworth, California 9I311 (213) 882-0004 TWX 910-494-2092
14
Circle Reader Service #10
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
UPD-D\TE
25,000 chips per hour...mean
Hewlett-Packard 's new $395 calcul a tor ... perfo rm s lik e a scientific ca lculato r even th o ug h it's pr iced like an a rith met ic one. Y o u' ll be rece ivin g deta il s on th e new mac h ine if yo u 're on HP's mai ling list , so watch yo ur m a il. Better yet, watch fo r a full d esc ripti o n of th e ca lcul a to r in o ur nex t mon th 's iss ue, or
,Circle Reader Service #2 2 2
3 1/ 2 digit s in ha nd .. . is wha t yo u' ll hold with Keithley's new $325 DVM. A t th e e nd of th e pro be, wh ich is no la rger th an a fa t so uve nir ba ll- poi nt pe n, is a n a utoranging read o ut di spl ay tha t ex hibits so lid- state d ig its a nd th e sca le (ac, de, kl!, a nd M l!). A 3-ft curl y co rd a ttached to the probe plugs into a logic-a nd -power su pply box. Wa r m- up t im e is 2 s. There' ll be m o re deta ils abo ut this new sys tem in o ur nex t iss ue. In th e mean tim e,
Circle Reader Service #223
Bounding into the billions ... Acco rding to Frost & S ullivan Inc., a we ll known techno logical resea rch organ izatio n , the test and measurement ins t rument m arket wi ll reac h $2.44 bill ion by 1980. T his means an average year ly increase of 7.5% which Frost & Su ll ivan attrib utes to the growing use of automatic test systems and computers in the semiconductor and IC fie lds , the increased use of modula r instruments for specific functions , and the growing number of portable instruments.
Minicomputers under $3000 ... It 's a compet1t1ve wo rld
for t he minis . The General A uto m ation 12/ i0, introdu ced
at $2850 for sing le uni ts, is a n 8-bit, 4k by te mach ine.
A m o ng eight ot her models a lso in trodu ced is a 16-bit co m -
puter for $3950 . Fo r a 4 k m e m o ry, thi s pr ice is lower th a n
for ot he r si m ila r new machin es, such as Data Ge neral's
Nova 12 10 ($4 350 each) a nd Digita l Eq ui pment Corp's
PDP- 11 / 03 ($4670).
But fo r OEM c usto m e rs, G A 's real improvemen t is no t so
m uch in pr ice and o pt ions as in sales te rm s. A n OEM can
now rent a co m puter fo r 30 days , a service he ca n't get
from any other vendor. And on a quantity order, GA wi ll
allow up to one year, without penalty , fro m the date of de-
li ve ry of th e firs t unit unt il the qua nti ty con t ract begins. In
effect, this adds up to a full year to a de li ve ry co nt ract ,
wh ich usua ll y runs fo r another year. Hewlett- Packard can
spread delivery over 18 mont hs from the order. DEC, DG,
and most other vendors allow one year for de livery con-
tracts , without grace periods . GA has also ins ti t uted a 90-
day warranty , which the OEM may split between his plant
and his customer's location over a six-month period. DG
provides 30+ 30 days over a period of about three months,
while DEC warrants for only 30 days after acceptance. But
the best warranty policy in the market seems to be H P 's,
which replaces parts fre e for 15 months . For m o re infor-
mation about
General Automation
Circle Reader Service #224
Data General
Cir cle Reader Service #225
Digital Equipment Corp. Circle R eader Service #226
Hewlett-Packard
Circle Reader S ervice #227
THE ELECTRO NIC ENGINE ER · Feb. 1972
I LARGEST INVENTORY FASTEST DELIVERY LOWEST COST FINEST QUALlt Y
...from USCC/Centralab
Ye s, it 's true! Because dema nd fo r ceramic chip capacitors in hybrid microelectronics will more than double within the next two yea rs, USCC's production capabili ty on popula r sizes will increase to 25,000 per hour by mid 19 72 . That' s over 50 mill ion annually, w ith a demonstrated failure rate leve l of o nl y .00 1% / 1000 hours .
New auto mation techniques and mate rials c;:os t reduction mean to you as a customer : faste st delivery and lowest prices on the fi nest quality ceramic chip capacitor on the ma rket.
For your free copy of ou r Cerami c Capa citor Catalog and Applications Manual on how to use chip capacitors more adva ntageously, write : USCC/ Centralab, 2151 N . Lin coln Street, Burbank, Ca lifornia 91 5 04 o r circle the information retrieval number below.
U.S. CAPACITOR CO RPORATION
·==·.41;;.
~
CENTRALAB
Electronics Divi sion · GLOBE-UNION IN C.
Circle Reader Service #11
15
T h e The breakthrough will come when engineers and government team up
Challenge with industry and marry technological innovation to marketing know-how.
The time is now.
o f This by Alberto Socolovsky, Editor
Decade:
In our last issue we singled out the main reason for the slump in electronics sales during 1970: It was because the military market, while
.
still the main user of electronics, no longer
subsidizes the growth of the industry as it did during the decade of the '60s. From now on
Technology
growth must come from varied and intense sales development in other markets. These markets will eventually become the major source of more jobs for our engineer readers and extra
o r P r o f i t ? sales for the manufacturers of components, instruments and subsystems. These are the new markets we will discuss in this installment.
Developing them is a challenge, with hazards as
well as opportunities, but a challenge PART 11 that must be met.
15 20·50 10-30 2
3 10-30 30-40 5- 10 2 10-20 20-50 5
5 5-20 15
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5
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2
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5
2 5- 10 10
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30-50 20-40 15-30 20 35-50 50-95 5-10 35-50 15-35 40 -80 5-:w 20-70 40-70 20 -40 20-45
2-3 5-10 2
10-25 6-10 2
3 1-5 5-15 5
2
2 2-5 5-10 5 5-10 3
5-10 2
5-15 5 5-10 5-10
3 5-10 3 10-20
5 2-5 2 20-25 2
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5
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2
2
2
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10-30
15-25
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5
The Picture for 1970
Figure 8, bottom of faci ng page, is a matrix which shows how the electronics companies of our readers bought electronics components, instruments and subsystems from electron ic manufacturers in 1970.
The markets these manufacturers concentrated on in 1970 are represe nted by th e cells of the matri x. Th e numerals within these cells indicate the dollars spent by users, expressed as a percentage (or a range of most common percentages) of th e tota l dollar volume sold by the manufacturers.
For example , the matrix shows that the relays bought by MANUFACTURERS OF COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS amounted to 50% of the total sales made by relay manufacturers. Since the relay market in the U. S. in 1970 was about $270 milli on , then $135 million wo rth of relays were used in COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS AND EQUIP MENT.
Those cells with in the matrix which represent markets of major importance are outlined with heavy ruled lines . Th ey clearly show, for instance, that military and aerospace accounted for a large part of the sales for just about every type of manufacture during 1970. It is equally apparent that th e computers and peripherals market was second in importance. This matrix shows a cross section of sales within the industry for 1970. As such, it is two-dimensional and portrays manufacturers sales by applications .
Yet there is another dimension-exportswhich became very important in 1970 when th e U.S. market was depressed . Here are the export percentages for the first three types of manufacturers whi ch appear in the matrix.
Manufacturers
Total Sales (millions of$) % Exports
Passive components Discrete semiconductors Integrated circuits
1' 111 769 524
8.4 17.2 19 .1
You will notice that among components manufacturers , the IC companies have don e the best job of marketing th eir products abroad.
That's tremendously significant because exports will be a strong source of industry growth in the near future .
What's Ahead?
So much for 1970. Now, before we attempt to build a similar matrix for the next few years, let 's exam ine some of the growth markets that head the rows of th e matrix. It is important to study them for two reasons: first, because they represent the kinds of equipment and systems which our electronic engineer readers now build. Second , because if these markets , say, double by 1975, and the use of a certain kind of component in them remai ns constant , then the market for that component will double, too .
For example, Charles Ph ip ps of Texas Instruments estimates the semiconductor content of U. S.-made electronic equipment at 4.7% in 1969. Th at means a $100 piece of equipment contained $4 .7 worth of semiconductors (both discrete and ICS) . Phipps hopes that by 1980 such content wil l increase to 7%. This means that a doubling of a user market w ill triple the sales of semiconducto rs .
On the other hand , th e use of some components will undoubtedly decrease. Even in a growing market their sales may increase at a slower rate or not at all.
Let's start, then , with the first row.
Computers and Peripherals
Computers and peripherals comprised the seco nd most important market during 1970. According to the EIA , hardware sales by American manufacturers of computers and peripherals amounted to$5. 16 billion in 1970. See Figure 9, next page . When we evaluate in terms of hardware , the Department of Commerce forecast for this industry, we anticipate a tremendous growth of about 80% in fi ve years to an impressive $8.8 billion in 1975! This forecast may seem stagge ring after the wi thdrawal of RCA from the computer field . But RCA's failure was related to its own overall marketing strategy, not by th e future potential of thi s market.
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
17
Where will these billions of dollars come from? There was hardly any growth at all in this market in 1971-the industry barely held its own . An increase is projected for 1972 as shown in Figure 9, top left. This will result largely from an increase in sales in the U.S., thanks to the tax investment credit which is now in effect. However, there will be little growth from imports in 1972 because Japan and Western Europe are now on the brink of a recession which is expected to last through the year. Consequently, their purchases of American equipment, priced in more competitive dollars , will not bring more business to American companies before 1973.
The growth for computers and peripherals may slow down in 1974 when the market may be affected by a ripple of the 1970 recession in the U. S. Figure 9 indicates full growth , both domestic and from exports, for 1975.
All this paints a most optimistic picture, but we are certain that American manufacturers of computers and peripherals have what it takes to capitalize on these opportunities .
That's the U. S. picture . Now, let's analyze this market further by looking at the third dimension of our matrix . What about exports? We get the answer when we examine the production of computers and peripherals by manufacturers in the foreign countries that buy components, instruments and subsystems from the U. S.
Figure 10, bottom left, reveals that the production of computers and peripherals in the remainder of the free world amounted to $1 .8 billion in 1970. It is expected to more than double to $5 .1 billion by 1975. Production by countries beyond the iron curtain is not included in these estimates because only now is our own government ma king a realistic appraisal of the kinds of components and equipment we can export to them .
Adding together the dollars shown in ·Figures 9 and 10, we estimate that the market in the free world will more than double from just under $7 billion in 1970, to about $14 bill ion in 1975.
We will skip instrumentation because th is market is presently depressed as a result of
18
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
cutbacks by its prime customer, th e military. It will take some time to find new dollars for instrumentation in non-military applications. That is, with the exception of th e automotive and pollution markets which will be discussed later.
tariffs will influence the development of data communications equipment. As a matter of fact controversy is now raging at the FCC, between Bell and the independent manufacturers of modems to determine who is responsible for the performance of a data link.
Communications Systems
There are two growth segments to the communications systems market: data term inals and data communications equipment. In 1970 the market for data terminals amounted to $510 million. It is expected to surge to $1.3 billion by 1975 and to $3 billion by 1980. For this growth to take place the manufactu rers of data termi nals wi ll have to make a sustained effort to penetrate such markets as reta iling . Howeve r, it must be kept in mind th at retailers will buy suc h equipment only if it will help them cut costs , in crease efficie ncy or make more money. Obviously, the engineer who best understands the problems of retail merchandising will be able to help hi s company develop marketable products.
Once these terminal s are installed they will gene rate data , and the data will have to be transmitted . Thanks to a resolution by the Federal Communications Commission last yea r, allowing new data commu nicati ons carriers to compete with the Bell System and Weste rn Union , there will be an in creased demand for carrier and transmiss ion equipment.
Now we should examine this field from the point of view of exports , as we did above for computers and peripherals. Unfortunately, exports of data communications equipment have been hampered because of non-tariff restrictions in both Western Europe and Japan . For example , in selling to the government-owned communications utilities of Western Europe , U. S. companies must compete with well-established companies such as Plessey and Standard-Elektrik Lorenz . While these companies have the overt support of their local governments , our companies either get no help from our government or are even hindered by antitrust regulations .
In Japan , Nippon Telephone and Telegraph, the local utility, specifies that only Japanese equipment-even software-may be used for its new billion dollar Public Data Communications Project.
The only influence that can help U. S. ma nufacturers compete against these restrict ions is that of our own government, which only recently became sensitive to the unfairness of these restrictive practices .
Th ere will also be an additional need for new
Consumer Products
types of digital equipment to interface computers , peripherals and term in als to the new data
The manufacturers of consumer electronics
communicat ions networks , much like the
products in the U.S. were the first to feel the
way modems now interface them with the
impact of both the re cess ion and the rise
teleph one network. An ea rl y examp le of such
in imports . See Figure 11, next page . The 1970
units is the synchronous " digital data set"
recession also delayed the development
which Datran has designed for its proposed
of the next important consumer
network, and Paradyne 's new high speed modem
market-video recording-which now will
for batch terminals . Th e volume of data both
..
the carriers and the interface equ ipment wi ll
not take place before the end of 1973. As a matter of fact, both CBS and Sony, the
handle is expected to increase nine fold
two co mpani es whic h see m to have the edge
in this decade .
in this market, wil l concentrate their sales
efforts in 1972-73 on institutions such as
It is important for engineers as wel l as
universiti es and in industrial train ing programs.
management to stay abreast of developments in
Fro m th ese sales they will develop a base
this field , because not on ly technical but
that wil l permit th em to move into the
also legal factors such as communication
consumer market.
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
19
As of now it appears that foreign manufacturers will control the bulk of this market. The only thing that can alter this situation is for U.S. manufacturers to make a determined effort to develop low-cost equipment, such as RCA is doing with its laser-based SelectaVision system.
Government - Military and Aerospace
We said earlier that the military and aerospace market will decline in importance , even though it is still the single most important customer for electronic components, equipment and systems. It will remain that way in 1972. Yet there are discrete segments of the military market for which there is an immediate sales potential. Such is the case with electronic counter-measures (ECM), now in demand because they are tied in to strategic programs (Safeguard, Minuteman Ill , nuclear submarines and F-14 aircraft) which will continue to be funded.
Government - Civilian
The applications for the civilian branch of the government will be under the control of such agencies as DOT (for urban and highspeed interurban transportation); HEW (for medical electronic equipment); HUD (for low-cost , modular housing) and, most important today, by the Environmental Protection Agency.
The astute engineer will become as familiar with the policies, programs, directives and contractual requirements of these agencies as he is with the best of his present customers. And well he may for, in 1975, one or more of these agencies should be among his best customers .
To learn more about the opportunities developing at the Environmental Protection Agency, the editors of The Electronic Engineer recently interviewed Dr. Stanley Greenfield who is head of EPA's Research and Monitoring. His department has a budget of $160 million to be spent in 1972. His department also influences the spending of another sum almost as large but which will be allocated to states and local governments. During 1972 some of this money will be spent in evaluating the kinds of instrumentation systems and monitoring transducers needed to measure and control the four forms of pollution: water, air, noise and solid wastes.
Even though the procurement cycle may take three
or four years before the EPA or the state and
local governments issue any contracts, now is
the time for electronics companies to establish
a rapport with Dr. Greenfield 's department.
Now is the time to get in on the ground floor
at the design state. For instance, dissolved
oxygen is today the most common measurement
for water pollution and the EPA is interested in low-cost , perhaps digital, transducers
.,
to monitor it.
Business Machines
The business machine market first presented opportunities to the manufacturers of components when Xerox originally introduced its office copiers. Today, low-cost calculators seem to offer similar promise .
20
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
As a matter of fact, this field is now moving swiftly. As recently as 1970, it appeared that U. S. manufacturers were locked out of the market for low-cost calculators . The market seemed to be firmly in the control of the Japanese. To be sure , Japanese manufacturers will still make almost all calculators sold in 1972 in the U. S. for less than $750. However, the incipient Japanese recession has prompted the Japanese to halve their prices . At the same time , calculator components like readouts , keyboards and MOS integrated circuits have progressed so much that today it is feasible to mass-manufacture a calculator with less than one hour's worth of labor in this country. As the incidence of labor shrinks , so does the price advantage of the Far Eastern manufacturers .
However, it would make little marketing sense for electron ic compan ies to make and sell low-cost calculators by themsel ves . Department stores such as Montgomery Ward and Alexander's of New York think they can sell them in quantity for just under a retail price of $100. While these stores have the organ izat ion to sell and
service calculators, they would need at least a mark-up of 50% to do it .
Automotive
Traditionally, the ve hicle segment of the automotive market has been a source of frustration for electronics manufacturers. For example, Detroit has been known to dictate the price at which it would become interested in usi ng a particular component . If car manufacturers can buy miniature incandescent signal lamps for a few pennies each , they won't pay much more for light-emitting diodes.
On the other hand car manufacturers are today under pressure from the government to come up with solutions to the automobile pollution and safety problems by 1975. Among all the modules the integrated circuits manufacturers hope to sell to Detroit, the car makers are interested in and already working on voltage regulators , ignition and braking systems and multiplexing of sensors. See Figure 12, below.
N N
Matrix
- - - · -COMPUTERS & PERIPHERALS
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Figure 13
With the introduction of more electronics systems in automobiles and the enforcement of pollution controls , the car makers have also become interested in test equipment. Ford is spending $8 milli on for computer-controll ed gas anal yzers for use in its assembly plants in Cal iforn ia, and has issued contracts for such systems to Honeywell and bought equipm ent for them from Beckman , Digital Equipment Corp ., General Automation and Hewlett-Packard .
is they are sales percentages for 1970.
The co lors now tell us whether the manufacture rs believe those 1970 percentages will remain the same, go down , or increase.
Plans for the '70s
Al l of the forego ing provide ample evidence that there are many growth opportunities for electronic manufacturers in the next few years. And remember, we have touched on onl y a few of the most promising areas. There are man y, man y more . Our purpose is to demonstrate simply that such opportun ities do exi st.
Even more important is the fact that new markets are the only source of growth for the in dustry. It is important that they be recogni zed as such not onl y by all compan ies who wa nt to grow but al so by all en gineers who wa nt to be importa nt contributors to that growth .
Notice how the red (indicating a decrease in percentage) affects sales to the military market. Also observe that the color blue (i ndicating an increase) predominates in most of the markets we have discussed in the previous pages of th is report, as they were singled out for growth by the manufacturers who were questioned.
We encourage you to study the color relationships in the fields in which you and your company are interested. If your technical and marketing strategies do not now call for special efforts agai nst the blue markets , something is wrong and an immediate reassessment of goals by your company's management is imperative.
Th is was the main reason wh y we
comm issioned the nationwide study of the electron ics market which we mentioned
Percentages are not enough
earlier. You will remember that we asked the executives of major electron ics companies 2 basic questions. We provided their answers to the fi rst question " What are the principal markets you are selling in 1970?" in the matrix wh ich appeared in Figure 8.
Even a glance at the matrix shows that the color blue appears far more often than the red or yellow. That's why the matrix presents an optimistic pictu re. Blue represents growth and has been recog nized as such by the companies that participated in our research. But, these figures
The second question concerned the future, fro m
represent percentages, not dollars. The dollars
1972 on . To find out wh ich markets el ectroni cs
wi ll come and the jobs will grow only when a
.
companies planned to develop in th e next five to te n years , we asked th is questio n: " How do you
determined , aggressive and competitive industry no longer waits for the mailman to bring another
expect your sales to change in the next fe w
RFQ from the Department of Defense; and
years in relation to yo ur sa les in 1970?"
on ly if the industry innovates and develops
new applications now to be marketed profitably
Th eir an swers are qual itat ive, not
in the new markets of the '70s.
quantitat ive and they appear in the same matrix.
See Figure 13, at left.
Technology or profit? We can have both. It's
up to an enlightened company management.
Colors tell the future
And for .the first time in the history of the
Th e numerals with in the cell s of th is matrix
industry, it is also up to the engineer.
are the same as in the original matrix, that
Yo u.
T HE ELECTRONI C ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
23
P&B solid state hybrid relays work upto100times longer than conventional relays.
More than 101operations.
The expected minimum life of P&B Solid State Hybrid Relays is in excess of 10 million operations for standard load current and ambienttemperature combinations.
This uncommon longevity, plus exceptional reliability and a wide range of switching options, offers solutions to many critical switching problems. For example, you can interface semiconductor logic circuits with inductive loads like motors, solenoids and contactors.
P&B Solid State Hybrids will switch up to 7 ampere loads with input control signals as low as 60 microwatts. And they come in a variety of package sizes and terminal styles.
Special triac, special reed
P&B Hybrids owe much of their reliability and outstanding performance to the combining of a reed relay and triac, each having characteristics specially selected to complement the other. This careful mating of semiconductor and relay greatly enhances the reliability of each and, in combination, produces a switching function of consistently superior performance.
Special snubber network The internal RC network across the "contact" is tailored to the
triac specifications and " contact" load ratings to limit sporadic , transient-induced conduction , to provide reliable turn-off of inductive loads, yet to minimize the off-state 60 Hz leakage current.
EBT Series switches 7 amps, 60 Hz @ 25 ° C ambient with normal load voltage of 120 V. Rated 5 amps. rms 60 Hz @ 55 ° C ambient. Operate time, 2 msec. Release time, 10 msec. Coil voltages from 6 to 48 V DC at nominal power of 290 mW. Has conventional octal-type plug-in terminals for mounting convenience. Fits P&B KR Series 8-pin sockets for conversion to screw terminals.
EBA Series has the same switching characteristics, package and mounting of EBT, but with cont ro I signal amplifier . Standard sensitivity is 60 microwatts. Requires 12, 18, or 24 V DC supply.
ECT Series has similar specifications as EBT but with a special
package designed for direct to chassis mounting. Widely used in business machines and appliances. The ECT has quick-connect terminals. Screwterminal adapters available.
JOB Series is a Dual Thin-Line reed-triggered triac for use on printed circuit boards. Designed for interfacing solid state circuits to 120 V 60 Hz loads such as contactors, fractional HP motors and solenoids. Form A contacts will switch 1.7 amps. at 25° C ambient or 1.0 A rms 60 Hz at 55° C ambient.
Potter & Brumfield Solid State Hybrid relays are available from leading electronic parts distrib-
utors. For complete information call or write your nearest P&B representative or Potter & Brumfield Division of AMF Incorporated, Princeton, Indiana 47670. Telephone 812 385-5251. In Europe, AMF International Limited, Oxford, Oxon, England and AMF Electrica, S.p.A., Milan, Italy.
P&B makes more of more kinds of relays than anybody in the business.
Anybody.
Potter &Brumfield
THE ELECT RONI C ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service #12
25
Here·s enough to put you onto
flat fleHible cable.
Now you can have all the benefits of flat cable-weight, density and flexibilityto use it, everywhere. Our full line of connectors, specifically designed to take advantage of what flat flexible cable offers, will take you wherever you want to go-cable-to-cable. cable-to-wire, cable-to-post and cable-to-printed-circuit board. Now with the addition of our newest one-piece connector, we can also offer cable-to-printed-circuit board with a card-edge connector. Once you decide on how to go, AMPECO NOMATION , our unique automated termination technique, makes getting there fast, reliable and easy. No need to prepare the cable. Just cut to length and the machine terminates up to 3400 connections per hour ... automatically. Four areas of contact, made with our exclusive insulation displacement crimp technique, assures the utmost in reliability. We can supply connectors and application machine for flat cable assembly production in your plant, or provide finished assemblies to your specifications, ready for your equipment. For complete information write: AMP Incorporated, Industrial Division, Harrisburg, Pa . 171 05.
AIVIP INCORPORATED
Two-piece board-edge with retention clip
Cable-tostrip
receptacle
ation WO~ llN)f
Pre-curled " window shade" option on cable
One-piece board-edge connector
26
Circ/e Reader Service #13
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
MICJO/\CPLD
Silicon-on-sapphire;
a technology comes of age
David J. Durnin a nd Ed ward C. Ross, lnselek Co .. Princet on . N.J .
The semicond uct or market has divided along fai rly disti nct lines into separate app lication areas for bipolar and :vios technologies. There speed is the primary consideration , bipolar circuits are used ; where cost is the overriding concern, :vios is usually the choice.
Although not generally realized, it is a theoretica l fact that the gain-bandwith products of MOS and bipolar transistors are comparable. But since the output impedance of an :vios transistor is about two orde rs of magnitude larger than that of a bipolar transistor of simil ar a rea , the parasitic capacitances you find in monolithic silicon circuits severely limit the performance of the :vios transistor. The result is that monolithic :vios is slowe r th an bipolar, mostly
because of the o utput loading effect of t he large paras it ic capac itances between the device terminals and the common substrate . O n t he othe r ha nd , bipo la r tec hn ology is more expensive because of the add itiona l processi ng steps required , and the larger area required per function. A better 1c technology would be one whic h co mbines the hig h speed of bipola r with the low manufacturi ng cost of MOS. The silicon-on-sapphire techn o logy (sos) d oes just t hat.
Material requirements
The starting ma teri a l for sos 1c s is a thin laye r (no m inally I µ) of si licon grow n on an insulating sa pph ire subst rate . The sapphire is single crysta l and is c ut so that t he si licon laye r grown o n its surface is single crystal < I00 > oriented . You can choose another orientation of the sap-
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GROWTH TEMPERATURE- C
FIG. 1- ACCEPTOR CONCENTRATION VS. GROWTH TEMPERATURE FOR (100) SOS
1000
1100
1200
GROWTH TEMPERATURE- °C
FIG. 2- HALL MOBILITY VS. GR OWTH TEMPERATURE FOR (100) SOS
THE ELECTRON IC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
27
phi re to produce eith er < 110 > or < 111 > silicon. But most a pplica ti ons today use the < 100 > orientati on beca use it provides the lower threshold voltage necessary for TTL co mpatibility.
The epitaxial growth of silicon on the sapphire is similar in man y wa ys to the standard gro wth of silicon on bulk silicon. While both SiCI , and SiH , have been used to grow the silicon, just about all of th e sos produced today
n-1 pe silicon Sapphire
Alu minum'..
E
Fig. 3. The processing sequence for SOS/ MOS with p-channel devices is shown here . T he starting wafer is c overed with a deposited oxide , and this oxide is selectively rem oved as shown in A. During t he next step , the wafer is placed in a sili co n etch which removes the n-type si licon film. bu t does not attack the deposited oxide. After the masking oxide is removed , t he wafer appears as in B. A second masking oxide is deposited and o pened for the p+ diffused regions . A boron diffusion is then driven in as shown in C. After diffusion and str ippi ng of the masking ox ide, the wafer loo ks muc h like tha t shown in D. The gate oxide is then grown , c onta ct holes opened , and the wafer is metallized . The fini shed wafe r is shown in E.
28
is grown by the thermal decompos iti on of SiH ,. Silane (SiH ,) can be produced co mmercially in pure form a nd by the additi on of small quantities of arsine (As Hi) or ph osphine (PH 1) to the gas strea m durin g growth, will give yo u n-type films of controlled resistivity fr om 0.00 I ohm-cm to 20 ohm-cm. By adding B, H, to the gas stream during growt h, yo u'll co me up with p-type film s in the sa me resisti vity range. Most MOS a pplications use film s with 1-10 ohm-cm resist ivity, and these a re quite easy to grow with good cont ro l of the resistivity.
Autodoping of the thin silicon film s takes place during growth on both bulk si lico n and sapphire. In the case of sos, small qu antities of aluminum can leave the sapphire substr ate and do pe the film p-type . Thi s aluminum au todopin g mechanism has been studied extensively and the fact is th at growth at temperatures below I050°C produces negligible amounts of a luminum in the film . High quality film s, as indicated by high values of Hall mobility and low aluminum a utod oping, will grow in the IOOlOS00C range. In fi gs . I and 2, yo u' ll find plots of typical ca rrier concentrat ion and Hall mobi li ty vs gro wth tempera ture.
Since sos film s are very thin , it is poss ible to change th e fi lm properties durin g the high temperature steps inherent in >v1os processing. Heating the film s in hydrogen at high temperature res ults in more aluminum being released into th e films . Heati ng th em in ox idizing a mbients tends to leach out p-type impurities and push out n-type impurities. (This is a process well kn own in bulk si licon.) Heating the fi lm s in inert atm os pheres usuall y has relatively little effect on film properties. The sos film s are mechanicall y stronger th an the bulk silico n wafers and do not brea k as easily when subjected to bulk silicon process ing temperatures. An indication of th e high degree of crys tall init y yo u can get wi th sos /Mos technology is the fac t th at the effective field-effect mobility fo r holes in p-channel dev ices is typica ll y 225 cm' / v-s.
Processing
The first step in processing sos MOS is to selectively remove the si licon film by sta nd ard ph otolithic techniques. Thi s silico n etch will give yo u islands of single crystal silicon sepa rated by insul ating sa pphire. Devices formed in these islands are diel ectricall y isolated fr o m one another.
Th e immediately apparent advantage of MOS fabricated with sos is th at th ere is no poss ibility of leak age between devices caused by field inversion since there is no silicon between them. Similarly, there is no stra y capacita nce introduced by metallization lines runnin g a mong the devices. The metal now lies directl y on the insul ating sa pphire which is ex posed aro und the silicon regions .
(Co ntinued on p. 30 )
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Announcing
a reliable way
to come in underbudget.
Our new commercial Series 8 miniature manual switches provide quality construction and reliable performance at a low cost.
The positive detent action is a good example of our quality construction. It assures you of excellent tactile feedback.
For safer operation, there's maximum separation between the terminals and the metal mounting and operating elements. And our case, using superior arc-resistant materials, has excellent compartmentation to isolate individual internal circuits.
There's a choice of toggles (select from lever styles and colored , slip-on caps), paddles and rockers (snap-in mounting and choice of colored buttons), and lighted rockers. Also select from pushbuttons with colored buttons in two sizes.
All this makes the Series 8 perfect for jobs where money and space are limited , but performance standards aren't. Communications equipment, test and measuring devices, computer peripheral and business equipment are examples. Series 8 switches are rated 6 amps, 125 VAC.
For additional information, see your MICRO SWITCH Branch Office or Authorized Distributor (Yellow Pages, "Switches, Electric") . Or write for our Series 8 Product Brochure.
MICRO SWITCH makes your ideas work.
Shown 20 % oversize
MICRO SWITCH
FREEPORT, ILLINOIS 61032
A DIVISION OF HONEYWELL
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service # 14
29
Enclosed switch quality at open warer prices
Here is the newest addition to the Grayhill top quality line of enclosed rotary switches with up to 12 decks, 6 poles per deck, 12 positions per pole.
Competitively priced with open wafer switches . . . designed especially to be produced in volume without sacrificing traditional Grayhill quality.
Available with 30° or 36° angles of throw ... positive "stall-free" detent ... only 3,4" diameter behind panel. Series 71 Rotary Switches add up to the excellence you expect from Grayhill at an unexpectedly low price.
For our latest Engineering Catalog write or phone:
Grayhill , Inc., 543 Hillgrove Ave.,
~
La Grange, Illinois 60525.
~
(312) 354-1040.
A! " II
"~.;.../,,,,;./_
/
Circle Reader Service #16
Vgs = - 4 - 6- 8- 10 -
- 12 -
FIG. 4 TYPICAL SOS/ MOS CHARACTERISTIC HOR: - IV / DIV VERT: - lmA/ DIV GATE: - IV / DIV
Circle Reader Service #17
30
Another important advantage, but not so readily apparent , is that th e drain-to-substrate capacitance can be drastically reduced by diffusing the contact regions completely through the silicon film to the sapphire substrate . Now, no depletion region can form on the bottom of the contact region and the capacitance is reduced by a factor of 50 or more. This reduction of capacitance is particularly attractive for linear applications , since the non-linear drain-tosubstrate capacitance of monolithic circuits always limits device performance.
The results
Indicative of the results you get with sos MOS technology is the thr.ee-terminal device characteristic shown in fig. 4. This is representative of the individual devices used in lnselek's LO I, a quad arrangement for linear applications . The devic.e shown has an on resistance of 5001! and a gain-bandwidth product of 400 MHz. If your main concern is with switching applications you'll want to note that the use of an isolated device substrate eliminates the usual problem of source-to-body effect.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Integrated circuits
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
Somethinktheirworking dayis a real challenge. Some don't
If you sat for eight hours sticking tiny little components into even tinier little holes, you might not be too excited about your job either.
But, even if people don't like the work, there are machines that do, the Dyna/Pert electronic component inserting machines from USM.
Dyna/Pert offers an entire line of component inserting equipment from small bench models, to semi-automatic units, to totally automated conveyor systems. Many of them can be either NC or computer control led. Dyna/Pert also has automatic sequencing systems and DIP inserters.
What's more, Dyna/Pert machines don't take coffee breaks, call in sick or look for new jobs. They just keep on producing at up-time rates in excess of 90%.
A Dyna/Pert machine will even pay for itself after a short period of time, and then start paying you. So don't you think it's time you woke up to Dyna/Pert?
For further information contact your local USM office, or write USM Corporation, Dyna/Pert Dept., Machinery Division, 181 ElliottSt., Beverly, Mass.01915.
Visit the USM display at Booth 720 during Nep/Con West.
USM Corporation
Machinery Division
The Productivity People
Circle Reader Service #18
The PeGP.le at Ecole
Polyjechn~ue
likeCI the ''GenenreawleluErCs
de Fonctions ModeleF31''
so well tliey
bought ten of them
IF YOU'D LIKE TO FIND OUT WHY, CALL JOHN MORBURCi AT 714-771-1811 COLLECT
Merci , Montreal's Ecole Polytechnique. And our thanks for similar volume orders for other IEC Series 30 models from Middlesex College, the Universities of Alberta and Wyoming, A lgonquin College, and other farflung educational institutions. Everywhere, decision-makers are getting the most for their money with the IEC Function Generator that exactly suits their needs. At just $295, the F31 does what an oscillator can do, and then some! Like square waves, triangles and voltage offset. Plus better sine wave purity than comparably-priced oscillators. Meanwhile, at $495, the F34 (illustrated) includes sweep, trigger, gate and pulse. In fact, each of the four Series 30 models has a host
of special feature$. And each embodies
such inherent quality that we boast one of the lowest "returned for repair"
rates in the industry.Ecole Polytechnique
bought its IEC Function Generators after
careful evaluation alongside competitive
instruments. And got the most for the
money. How come? Contact our John
·,.@. Norburg for answers and complete
technical information by same-day mail.
.
.
.~
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!EC F34 Func tion Generator
SERIES 30 HIGHLIGHTS F34: ($495) Frequency Range: 0.03 Hz to 3 MHz. Waveforms : Sine , square , triangle , de , pulse . Output Amplitude : 10 mv pp to 10 v pp into 50!1 . Sine Distortion : <0.3% up to 30 kHz , <0 .5% to 300 kHz , <2 % to 3 MHz. Rise / Fall Times :
><60 ns. Offset: ± 5 v into 50!1. VCG Range : 1000: 1. Operating Modes: Continuous, Triggered , Gated , Tone Burst, Continuous Sweep , Triggered Sweep . Sweep Width : up to 1000:1. Set width directly on tuning dial . Sweep Time : 1Oµsec to 100 sec . Other Features : Voltage Analog of Frequency, Sync Input, Output Lim it Indicator, plug-in IC's. F33: ($395) -Same as F34 , but w ithout Sweep , Tone Burst and Voltage Analog of Frequency. F32: ($345) - Same as F33 , but without Pulse , Trigger and Gate Modes and Sync Input. F31: ($295) Same as F32, but w ithout VCG and Output Lim it Indicator. Output Amplitude is 100 mv pp to 1O v pp into 50!1 .
f:Ec GIVES YOU THE MOST FOR YOUR MONEY
INTERSTATE ELECTRONICS CORPORATION A Subsidiary of A-T-O Inc. Dept. 7000, Box 3117, Anaheim , Cal. 92803 (714) 772-2811 TWX 714-776-0280 TELEX 655443 & 655419
c 1972, Interstate Electron ics Corporation
Circle Reader Service #19
I
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Interconnection- an FCC overview
Interconnectio n has become a househ old word as well as a reality in this nation ' s communications environment. It is now about three years since the FCC established the princi ple th a t the public' s use of th e switched teleph o ne network could not be restricted except as necessary to prevent h a rm to the network. By the landmark Carter/o ne d ecision the Commission stru ck down those restrictions in the tariffs of the telephone companies which rested o n the presumption that a ny equipment that was not furnish ed, installed and maintained, or specifically authorized by the telephone co mpan y was per se harmful to the netw o rk .
The results of thi s action by the FCC a re eviden ced by the tremendous increase in the variety of termina l and peripheral communications gear that has become available since the Carter/one decision . This , in turn , has expanded the utilit y a nd va lue o f the te lephone system . At the same time, the new policy has brought into existence an increasing number of companies, o ut side of the common ca rrier co mmunit y, wh o a re now engaged in the d evelop ment , m a nu fac ture, install a ti o n, sa le and m ainte na nce of co mm u nica ti ons equ ipment and system s. And - not sur prisingly- the spur of competiti on genera ted by thi s policy has galva ni zed many teleph one com panies into new sa les and marketing act ivi tie s.
Notwithstanding the substantial prog ress tha t has been m ade in th e intercon nec ti o n field, there are still some basic iss ues to be resolved . The Tariff, as revised since Caner/o ne, requires th a t ha rd-wire or direct con nec ti o ns of customer equi pm ent to the net wo rk mu st meet ce rt a in co nditi o ns. Thu s, th e eq uipment must be co nnected by a "connecting a rrangement " provided on ly by the telephone company a nd where th e equipment ha s a net wo rk sig na lling (pulse or dial) ca pability, a separate network sig nalling unit mu st be ob tain ed from th e teleph o ne co mp a ny. These req uiremen ts are designed to protect the network fro m ha rmful vo ltages, line imba la nce a nd th e input of improper signa ls into the switching mechanism of the network.
Independent manufacturers and oth ers, understandably, questi on these interface requirements as unnecessary and burdensome. They urge that their products can be depended upon to perform correctly a nd to prevent an y real harm to the netwo rk . The FCC ha s nevertheless felt j ustified in fo llowing a ca utious policy by liberali zin g interconnection practices only where th ere is rea so nab le ce rt a inty th a t perform-
Introducing Bernard Strassburg
The Common Carrier Chief of the Federal Communications Commission is no stranger to these pages (Aug . 1971 . p. DC3 ) or to the problem of interconnection. In his function at the FCC . he must deal with the everyday complaints of the two antagonists in this vital issue-AT&T and the independent data modem manufacturers- as well as any user problems. To bring together all interested parties. thei r complaints and recommendations. a general public inquiry will be announcea this month. Looking over the recent history of interconnection. Strassburg notes with approval that "it has accelerated the growth of communications. as even the common ca rriers would be the first to admit. What we at the Common Carrier Bureau want is the most efficient use of the communications p l a n t ."
a nce of the netw ork will not be jeopardized . Obviously , illconsidered interconnection practices mi g ht well result in adverse consequences which could be irreversible.
Consistent with thi s policy the FCC requested the National Academy of Sciences to study the technical aspects of the interconnection problem. It repo rted back in June 19 70 that unrestricted h ard-wi re interconnection could cause serious harm to the network . It concluded that such harm could be prevented by the existing protective provisio ns o f the tariffs, as well as the alternative program , under which customer equipment would be certified as meeting presc ribed sta nd ards . In addi ti o n , it advocated an exten sive sys tem of enfo rcement to ensure co mpli a nce.
The NAS report also recommended that as a pilot-type effort, th e Commission explore a certification program for PBX systems. In line with this recommendation, the Commission in March 1971 formed a PBX Advisory Committee to develop and recommend technical standards and procedures. The Committee is dealing wi th comp lex problem s which previously have not been ad dre ssed by any gro up in a reg ulat o ry and tec hnical environment as diverse as the United States communications system . The Committee' s studi es have been progressing wit h commendable vigo r and encouraging di spa tch - and with va lu ab le input by ca rriers, ma nufacturers and users, as well as representati ves of the seve ral sta te reg ul atory age ncies th ro ug h the National Association of Reg ulat o ry U tilit y Commissio ners (NA R UC). The standards and procedures recommended by th e PBX Advisory Co mmittee will, of co ur se, be rele va nt to th e co nsiderati o n of a ll o ther types of interconnection.
Federa l initiative in the interconnection a re a is esse nti a l to ob ta in the required level of standardi zation a nd unifo rmit y in interconnection policies and prac tices. However, th e FCC ac ti o ns will ine vita bl y a ffe ct intrastate se rvices subj ec t to the jurisdiction of the severa l states. It is for this re aso n th a t th e FCC has so ug ht the active participation of th e NARUC in the work o f the Advi so ry Committee.
It is an ti cipated that in the near future the FCC will begin a public proceeding within which to eval uate the studies a nd reco mmendations of the Advisory Committee and a lterna ti ve reco mmendations of o th ers as they a pply to PBX interco nnection . The proceeding may a lso address the broader unresolved issues dealing with the interco nn ec ti o n of other kinds of customer-owned equipmen t and systems. In recognition o f the intra state interests, the Commission pl a ns to establish a Joint Board of Federal a nd State Commissioners to preside over the proceedings. Hopefull y, this joint effort will prom o te uniformity among Federal a nd State authorities in their treatment of the difficult intt:rconnection issues that stil l remain to be resolved . A nyt hing less th an uniformity will diminish the effecti ve ness of the switched tele pho ne network a nd its value as a na ti o na l co mmunicati o ns re so urce.
DC- 2
PYM.
First in the series of
new modulars from Sorensen
Our new PTM modular line is tailored to be more than just another black box.
For one thing, it's blue. For another, it has state-of-the-art power density. Built-in
-
overvoltage protection on every model.
Package size II: 3% x 5~ x 6Y2
Adjustable automatic current limiting.
+ Regulation of 0.05% 5mV. Ripple
and noise of 1 mV RMS, 5mV pk-pk. Operating temperature range from
0 to 71 °C. D PTM. The first pa rt of our
new modular line. There's a lot more
coming. For more data, write Sorensen
Power Supplies, Raytheon Company,
676 Island Pond Road, Manchester,
N .H. 03103. Telephone(603) 668-1600. O r TWX 710-220-1339.
Model
Adjust. Range (VDC)
Current Rating (A )
Min.
Ma x .
40°c 50°c 6D°C 11 °c
Pri ce *
PTM3 -7 PTM5 -7 PTM12 -4.4 PTM15-3.5 PTM24-2 .3 PTM28-2
2.8 4.8 11.4 14.25 23 27
3.5 5.5 12.6 15.75 25 29
7.0 6.3 4.9 2.8 $119
7.0 6.3 4.9 2.8 $119
4.4 4.0 3.1 1.8 $119
3.5 3.1 2.5 1.6 $ 119
2.3 2.1
1.7
1.1 $ 119
2.0 1.8 1.5 1.0 $ 119
Package size Ill: 35A6 x 5~ x 9Y2
PTM3, 11
2.8
3.5
11.0 9.6 7.8 4.4 $139
PTM5 - 11
4.8
5.5
11.0 9.6 7.8 4.4 $ 139
PTM12-6 .5
11.4
12.6
6.5 5.7 4.6 2.7 $139
PTM15-5.5
14.25 15.75
5.5 4.9 3.9 2.5 $139
PTM24-4
23
25
4.0 3.6 2.9 1.9 $139
rorensen PTM28-3.5
27
29
3.5 3.1 2.6
1.8 $139 *USA list
JPOWER SUPPLIES
THE ELECTRONI C ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service #20
DC- 3
nATA
~n MM U NIMTlnN~
ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMISSION:
some basic bits of data
Steve S tu art and Ralph Ungermann,
Wes tern Digital, Newpo rt Beach, Calif.
Long distance transmission of digital data generally requires sending the data in serial form through a single comm unicat ions chan nel. In such a system d ata may be transmitted synchronously or asynchronously.
Synchronous d ata transm ission requires that: O a clock signal be transmitted with the data to mark the location of the data bits for the receiver; O synchronization patterns be added to the start of the transmission so that the receiver can locate the first bit of the message; O each data bit follow contiguously after the sync word, since one data-bit is assumed for every clock period.
Asynchronous data transmission requires neither a transmitted clock signal nor contiguous data bits. Instead, this form of transmission requires: O a clock source at both the transmitter and the receiver; O grouping of the bits into data characters, usually bet ween five and eight bits in length; O synchronizing START and STOP elements added to each data character.
Advantages/ disadvantages
Consideration of the main features of asynchronous and synchronous data transmission reveals several advantages of asynchronous vis-a-vis synchronous techniques. Perhaps the major advantage of asynchronous transmission is the greater simplicity of the transmission equipment require-
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
ments. For example, a clock signal needn't be transmitted with the data. And further, characters are transmitted as they become available. This is a valuable feature when you transmit data from manual-entry equipment such as keyboards.
On the other hand, asynchrono us transmission does need synchronizing START/ STOP elements. And these elements do use a large portion of the channel bandwidth. So here is where synchronous transmission has an advantage : its sync words use a much smaller portion of the channel than do the START/ STOP elements of asynchronous transm1ss1on.
Transmission speed
We define a baud as the reciprocal of the shortest signal element , which is usually one data-bit interval. For synchronous transmission, each signal element is one data-bit long, so the baud rate equals the bit rate . This is true for asynchronous transmission only if the STOP element is always one bit long; this is called isochronous transmission. But the variable STOP length often used in asynchronous transmission - as when the STOP code is longer than one bit- makes the baud rate differ from the bit rate.
You can transmit data asynchronously at fairly high baud rates : 10 kilobaud or higher over a simple twisted-pair, depending on the length of the run , type of line drivers, and so forth . Such transmission is generally limited to about two kilobaud over the telephone network, and you need modems to change the data pulses into tones suitable for that net work.
DC-5
One doto bit inter vol
Typical 8 bit sync pot tern
First doto bit Doto signal
,.
Time---+-
s.ynchronous data transmission requires not only a clock co ntiguously afte r the sync word , and one data-bit is as signal t o be transmitted with the data. but also the addition sumed for every cloc k period . A specified clock transit ion of syn c hronization patterns . Further, each data bit follows (rising or falling) marks the start of each dat a-bit interva l.
Distortion in asynchronous transmission A maj or limitati on of the speed of asynchrono us data
transmission is di sto rti on o f th e sig nal elements . We define such data-bit distortion as the rati o of the difference between the actu a l sig na l-transiti on a nd its theoretical transition to the ideal data-bit interval.
The ca uses of th e di storti on a re frequenc y jitter a nd frequ ency offset in the cloc k that ge nerates the act ual wavefo rm , cha nn el bandwith , no ise, a nd so fo rth. In other words, the amount of di stort ion th a t yo u can expec t on a ny asynchronous signal depe nds on the equipment used to ge nerate th e sig nal , an d the characteri sti cs o f the co mmunications channel.
For exa mpl e, electronic signa l ge ne ra tors are ge ner a ll y held to less than I% di stor ti o n. But electromechanical so urces (s uch as teletypes) typica ll y ge ner ate up to 20% distorti on. And the transmission channel may add yet another 5- 15% dist orti on.
The distorti on di scussed so fa r refers on ly to a single characte r, si nce these measurements are referen ced to the STA RT-element transi ti on of th at character. But th ere a lso m ay be disto rt io n between characters when opera ting at the chann e l's max imum possible baud ra te (STOP elements of minimum length).
We ge nera ll y specify this minimum-character-interval distortion by sta tin g th e percentage of an idea l dat a-bi t interval that a ny characte r interval may be sho rten ed fr om its ideal length .
Minimum-character-i nterva l distorti on an d d ata- bit di stortio n a re often equal , beca use the parameters th a t ca use the one a lso cause the ot her. H owever, many systems may show character-interval distortions of up to 50% of a databit in terval. This para meter is important when yo ur sys tem
DC -6
run s at the maximum baud rate, because the receiver must be prepared to detect the nex t START-bit tra nsiti on after the minimum cha racter interva l.
Asynchronous receivers
Beca use a clock signal is not transmitted with asynchro-
nous d ata, the receiver tries to locate the theo reti ca l cen-
ter o f the data bits . The set value of the data bit is equal to
the receive r input at this the oretical center. However, re-
ceive r inacc ura cies may preclude locati on of the exact bit
ce nter.
For example, teletypes and other electromechanical gear
may have inaccurac ies due to mecha nical tolerances , vari-
ations in the power-line frequency , and so forth . Electronic
receive rs may suffer from cl oc k frequency offset , jitter,
a nd resolution .
Even if the receiver clock had nu offset or jitter, and ran
at 16 times the baud rate, such a receiver still could locate
the bit ce nter onl y within 6.25 %. But if yo u properl y phase
the sa mpl e clock, you ca n adju st this to lera nce so th a t the
sa mple will always be within ± 3. 125 % of the bit ce nter.
This lets yo u receive signal s with up to 46 .87 % dist o rtion.
This number- th e a llowable receive r input-disto rtion -
is called the receiver distortion margin . Electromechanical
receivers have di sto rtion m a rgin s o f 25-30%. Further , the
receiver must a lso be prepared to accept a new cha racter
after th e minimum character-interva l. And finally , most
recei ve rs a re specified t o o perate wi th a character-interval
di storti on of 50%.
E~i~?r's .note: W estern Di gi tal has a\:ai la blt: <rn appli ca tion note disc u ~s ing da ta tran s-
m1 s~.1 on m g.cne r ~l. and th e compa ny s TR 1402 A as)nchronou s rece iver / tran sm itter in
,~20 p1:1rt 1 ~ ular . ~Sc~ l he Eleclronic Engin ee r. pp . DC-18- 19. Dec. 19 7 1.) I f yo u'd lik e a co
of th is app l1ca t1on note. Circle Rea der Se nic<· I .
p)
.. ca . , ;he c~ m ~~tn~ has als~ .~inno u nced u pri('c r~duction on the 1402A. The new price is
;;lgg. s~;J in 100 quant 11 1cs . A 40-kbaud ve r~1 on. the TR l-l02A -OJ. sc lb fo r S27.00
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
nATA
l!ftMMUNll!ftTlnN~
Stop element
Stop element
l Stop element
Start ele m ent
One 8 bit character
(11001000)
-----rl~-------rl~---
One 8 bi t
~
Start
character
Start
(00100000)
Asynchronous data transmission does not require a clock t o be transmi t ted wi t h the data ; the data bits needn 't be con t iguo us; and the bits are gro uped into data characters with synchronizing ST ART/ STOP elements added. The START eleme nt is a single logic-ze ro (space) da ta-bit added to the front of each cha racter; the STOP element is a logic-o ne (mark) added to the end of each character. The STOP elem en t is he ld until the next data character is ready for transmission . (Asynchrono us transmission is thus often ca lled
start-stop transmiss ion.) There is no upper lim it to the length of the STOP element, but there is a lower limit that depends on the system 's c haracteristics. Typical lower limits are 1.0, 1.42, or 2.0 data-bit intervals , although most modern systems use either 1.0 or 2.0 data -b it intervals . The negative-going transition of the START element defines the location of the data bits in one character. This transit io n resets the receiver 's clock source, which is used to locate the cen ter of each data bit.
Star1 element
Slop elemen1
(one do1a-bit interval)
(two da1a-bit intervals)
l __________TL_!
---------- ---1 8 - bit character
~ At 15 character / sec = 66.6 ms
--1 ~ 6.06 msec
The baud rate differs from the bit rate when th e STOP code is longer than one bit. Here , for example, each cha ra cter is 11 data-bit intervals long. If 15 characters are transmitted each second, then the shortest signal elem ent (one data-bit interval) is 66.6 ms/ 11 = 6 .06 ms . This gives a rate of 1/ 6 .06 ms = 165 baud. But since only ten bits of information (e ight data bits, one START element , and one STOP element) are transmitted every 66.6 ms, the bit rate is 150
bits/ s. Note that this bit and baud rate apply on ly if data cha ra cters are sent at the rate of 15 characte rs per second. The data-bit intervals are fixed by a clock source at th e transmitter.
I deal data bit interval
I· / + + 1 = Baud r ote
+ + + + + + ·I
Ideal waveform
Stop Start
·.,1 l ...~ I 1l·.,
LJ
Sto p
Start
Actual waveform
Distort ion= lit I (ideal data bit interval] =lit [ideal baud rate]
Distortion is the ratio of the difference between the actu al signal-transition and its theoretical transition to the ideal data-bit interval . The ideal unit-interval is equal to the reciprocal of the nominal transmission baud-rate. All data transi-
tions should ideally occ ur at an integer number of interva ls from the START-bit negative-going transition. Actual data transitions may not occur at these ideal theoretical instants .
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
DC- 7
1N18Ct10n M ElactronlC DnlCll
[
Did
~
There is a complete line of BUSS Quality fuses in 1/4 x 1 inch,
114 x 1114 inch, and miniature sizes, with standard and pigtail
types available in quick-
INSIST ON
acting or dual-element
slow blowing varieties.
Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-Edison Co. , St. Louis, Mo. 63107
Available in sizes from 1h to 1000 amps for voltages up to
1500, TRON Rectifier Fuses are ideal for protecting variable
speed drives, inverters, battery chargers, plating power sup-
ples, power controls, and
INSIST ON
any other application
where fast opening and
great current limitation
are required.
Write for BUSS Form TRFS
Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-Edison Co. , St. Louis, Mo. 63107
BUSS: The Complete Line of Fuses and ....
nATI
~nMMUNIMTlnN~
NEWS
More interconnection ... In a clear-cut statement of policy, Bernard Strassburg (see p. DC-2), Chief of th e Common Carrier Bureau of the FCC, reprimanded AT&T for its stance on interconnection . "S ubstantial doubt exists as to whether these tariffs are rea sonab le , non-discriminatory and in compliance with the Carterfone decision," said Strassburg. Zeroing in on the problem s that ICC's Sang Whang cited in December (see p. DC-3), Strassburg ordered AT&T to "promptly terminate its practice of refusing service or of discontinuing, or threatening to discontinue the se rvices of customers," who use non-AT&T sanctioned devices. To prevent independent supp liers from being placed at a "competitive disadvantage," he ca lled for non-discriminatory direct connect ion , the availability of specifications on so-called brand-name devices, and, finally, the continu ous monitoring by the telephone company of all in sta llation for any harm, with monthly reports being made to the Commission. CPI Microwave, Inc. recently filed with the FCC for an I I-station microwave system for data communications and network video transmission.
CATV study ... With total revenues expected to be $2.2 billion by 1976, a recent study by Creative Strategies Inc., Palo Alto, projects the real crest of the CATV wave in 1977-78. As for equipment manufacturers, CSI expects the market to increase from $72 million in 1971 to $340 million in 1976, with the sharpest increase between 1972 and 1974. Employment update ... A recent study shows data communications hardware and telephone interconnection as the strongest emp loyment areas in the telecommunications field . The survey of the past year, made by Personnel Resources International, Inc. of New York , shows a strong demand for designers and marketers of modems, multiplexers and other data comm hardware. Bits and bytes ... The Electronic Industries Association has published "Application Notes for EIA Standard RS-232C. " Industrial Electronics Bulletin No. 9 reviews methods of interface between data terminals and data communications equipment employing serial binary data interchange. Available for $2.60, you can order it from EIA, 200 I Eye St., N. W.. Wash., D.C. 20006.
DC-8
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
nATA
~nMMUNl~ATlnN~ APPLICATIONS
A simple digital tape head driver
Robert S. Olla, National Semiconductor. Sa nta Cla ra. Ca lif .
Here's a simple driving circuit for a digital tape recorder head that uses just one 1c and a single power source. The circuit incorporates a line driver to perform the actual driving function and to provide inhibit logic. Transistors Q 1and Qi are switches, with one on and the other off. The switch that is on determines the direction of magnetization of the tape head.
Resistors R 1 and R 1 determine the current flow in the circuit and are purposely matched so that current in either direction is equal. Because the line driver can accommodate a wide variety of resistors, it, in turn , can provide a broad range of currents. The values in the diagram, for example, will give you about 20 mA .
The capacitor across the tape head removes the nanosecond switching pulses that occur when the circuit goes into the write inhibit mode. When an "O" is put on the write inhibit line, both Q 1 and Q1 are gated on and current is prevented from flowing through the recording head. Because it insures against accidental erasure it is, of course, a desirable feature.
+5V
,-------------,
I
DM 75451
I
R1 240.n
I
01
LI
Bl
47pf
I
I
I
I
L
A B
Write inhibit
0 1c
Write ' inhibit
I0L2 c~-..,-~~----,,~~~~~~~~~~~~-
.. Fuseholders of Unquestioned High Quality
FUSE BLOCKS
There is a full line of BUSS Quality fuseblocks in bakelite,
phenolic, and porcelain, with solder, screw-type, or quick-connect terminals.
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Write for BUSS Form SFB Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-Edison co., St. Louis, Mo. 63107
BUSS has a complete line of fuseholders to cover every appli-
cation. It includes lamp indicating and alarm activating types,
space-saving panel mounted types, in-line holders , RFI -
shielded types, and a full line of military types. Most are available with
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r
.Jn,
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Write for BUSS Form SFB
Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-Edison Co., St. Louis, Mo. 63107
Computer designers get 2-coast show
This year, the Computer Systems Design Conference, formerly the Computer Designer's show, expands to two locations. It prem ieres in Anaheim , Calif. on Feb. 22-24, then shifts to Boston on April 18-20. The show expects to draw 12-15,000 at each location for the combined 150-200 booth exhibit and technical program.
The show is structured so that morning technical sessions and evening discussion seminars only overlap exhibit hours slightly, eliminating the traditional listen-or-look de-
cision . A new feat ure is the Pro fessional Advancement Course, which provides an opportunity fo r the attendee to upgrade his skills in the expand ing areas of co mputer system design. This year, two such co urses are offered . They meet for about 2 !/2 hours each of the three aftern oons . Cost is $35 for pre-registration, or $40 at the co nference.
For more information, contact Industrial & Scientific Co nference Man ag ement , Inc ., 222 West Adams St ., Chicago, Illinois 60606, phone (312) 263-4866.
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER goes to the show
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER is more than a sponsor of the Computer Systems Design show . it is a very active part icipant. A special feature will be Alberto Socol ovsky 's presentation , "The Decade of Cha llenge " where our editor revi ews the paths that lead the industry to where it is today and outl ines those strategies and m arkets that will enable it to grow and prosper in the 1970s. It concentrates on the c urrent condition and prospects of the Computer, Data Communications , and International markets.
Managing Editor, Art Boyle , and Western Editor, Steve Thompson have assembled a group of top-flight industry leaders to contribute their expertise to the Professional Advan cement Course, " The Use of MOS as it Applies to Computer System Design ." It is aimed at computer and computer systems designers who want to know more about what MOS can do for them , and what it cannot. The course is outlined below:
Session #l TUESDAY
" Types of MOS and what they do for the user," B. D. " Bud " Broeker, Motorol a Semicondu ctor
" MOS Shift registers ," Dale A. Mrazek , National Sem icondu ctor Session #2 WEDNESDAY
" MOS memories : the component level ," Armas C. "Mike " Markkula , Intel
" MOS memories: the system level ," Ron Livingston, Advanced Memory Systems Session #3 THURSDAY
" The role of computer-aided design in MOS ICs ," Ralph Grabows ki. Appli con
" Testin g MOS: a user speaks. " Peng K. Lim and Don G. Ti pon , NCR
" Testing MOS : the equipment," Bill Mandi . Macrodata (" hands on" demonstrati on)
THE CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE
TIME
(Feb. 22 in Anaheim)
(Feb. 23 in Anaheim)
eeb. 24 in Anaheim)
TUESDAY Apr. 18 in Boston
WEDNESDAY Apr. 19 in Boston - -TH-U-RS-DA-Y -A-p-r-. -20--in- B-o-st-on- --
9:30 AM to
12:30 PM
11:30 AM to
6 :00 PM
TECHNICAL SESSIONS
1. New Approaches to Computer Organization/ Architecture
2. Modems and MultiplexersDesign and Interface
1 4. Computer Controlled Communication Networks
5. Interface and Design of Displays and Graphics
3. Computer Aided DesignWhat's Worthwhile?
16. Power and Signal Distribution for High Speed Circuits
I! 7. Configuration of Fail Soft Systems
I1 8. The Economics and Technical Impact of New Developments in Peripherals on Minicomputers
lI 9. Programmable ControllersWhat are They; How are They Used; What Next? --
EXHIBITS
1:30 PM to
4:00 PM
5:00 PM to
7:00 PM
PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT COURSES:
#1. How to Establish the Requirements for Computer Based Systems
I i #2. The Use of MOS as it Applies to Computer System Design
DISCUSSION SEMINARS
A. Mini-Computers in a Multi- I c. H"dwo<e/Softw"e De·lgo
processing Environment
Tradeoffs for Computer Systems
2:00 PM
B. Choosing the Right Memory D. Data Terminals- Their Design,
' for a Mini-computer
I Application, and Selection
. SPECIAL PRESENTATION
The Decade of Challenge
DC- 10
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
New products at the Computer Systems Design Conference
M icro-modu lar computer
The System User Engineered (SUE) minicomputer is a bus-oriented, do-ityourself computer. All components are sub-divided into plug-in modules that can be combined into many configurations without wiring changes. The user specifies and plugs together the micro-modules he needs on a function-by-
. ~ ' ; ,._
. .~·
~
The four-layer lnfibus with up to 24, 110-pin circuit card connectors, provides the common interface for data transfer between system modules. It accepts 24, 6 V4" x 13 1/2" cards with an external power supply, or a power supply module and 16 cards. Power supply connections are at one end of the bus .
The lnfibus controller card asynchronously controls direct memory transfers bet ween system modules at rates up to five mega-words / s, resolves device request priority, and grants access to the bus . Only one is required, even if the bus is extended.
The processor is a two-card , 16-bit parallel, arithmetic-logic unit that processes two register operands in 130 ns for logic and 160 ns for arithmetic operations. It contains eight addressable general purpose registers , seven registers for accumu lators and indexing, and one used as a program counter. The machine includes 108 instructions in four groups: general register, branch , shift , and control. There are 16 addressing modes and direct addressability to 32K. One bus accepts four processors, providing multiprocessor configurations. Processor precedence is determined by card placement.
Core and semiconductor memory can be intermixed . Core mem o ry is expandable in 4K x 16 or 8 K x 16, 8-bit byte-oriented blocks . Speeds are 900 ns full cyck; 300 ns write ; and 500 ns read. Core can be operated interlocked , overlapped, or interleaved . Cores come in
three-card units ; one contains the storage and two con tain the decoding, driving, and sensing. Bipolar semiconductor RAVIS or ROMS a re available wi th 200 ns read and 250 ns write times. They expand in I K/ card increments. ew technologies can be incorporated into SU E on a function-by-function basis without affec tin g the system.
While all components are priced separa tely a typical example is a 4K core mini which can be assembled for $3,425, or for $2,055 in 100 quantity. A 16K machine is $9 ,295, or $5,877 in 100 quantity.
Lockheed Electronics Co ., 620 I E. Randolph St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90022.
Circle Reader Service #250
LOGIC PANELS These panels have provisions for
mounting decoupling capacitors in plated through holes. Connections are to Yee and gro und , eliminating attachment to terminal mounting posts. Universal boards accept 14 ceramic, 4 Ta, and I electroly tic capaci tor. Standard boards ( 14 or 16 pin DIP pattern) take one less ceramic. Scanbe Mfg. Corp., 3445 Fletcher Ave., El Monte , Calif.
Circle Reader Service #251
M agnetical/y plated disc with hard Ni alloy underplating . Chempla te Corp.,
Circle Reader Service #252
Plug Compatible MOS expansion memory for PDP-8. Signal Galaxies, Inc.,
Circle Reader Service #253
This IC would be alive today if you had used
CEA shielded power supplies or
isolators.
Every DC modular power supply we make has a shielded transformer. Complete isolation to 100 db. Regulation line plus load to ±..0005%. Dual supplies also available.
A small portable unit that will give you high common mode rejection, stop high frequency fine transients, put an end to 60
cycle leakage current and break AC ground loops.
Wnte for c..i cata og
CEA ,a division of Berkleonics, Inc.
1221 S. SHAMROCK AVENUE , MONROVIA , CALIFORNIA 91016 TELEPHONE . (213) 359·9261
Circle Reader Service #22
DC - 11
Master the ~~1 v~~oo~oo~oo~~~~ with ll's Practical Courses
Compiled by the editors of The Electronic Engineer, these courses present completely authoritative and upto-date guidance in using every aspect of the new technologies they cover:
Data Terminals-B asics of data transmission · Keyboards · Line Drivers and Receivers · Mode ms · Multiplexers · Minicomputers as Front Ends ·Teletypewriters · Facsimile equipment · Data Adapters
Memories-Memory types · Magnetic mainframes · Non-magnetic mainframes · Bulk storage · Systems app lications · Future memories
Optoelectronics-Physics of light · Materials for sources and detectors · Amplifiers · Practical applications (light choppers , modulators, card and paper-tape readers, counters.)
MOS Integrated Circuits- Processin g and applications of MOS circuits · Complimentary MOS · MOS memories (random access, read only, associati ve memories and cost) · Testing of complex MOS circuits
Authored by recognized experts in their respec tive fields, these courses are the one sure way to keep ahead in these changing times. Each course includes an examination for those who wish to qualify. All who pass the free examination will receive a formal Certificate of Complet ion suitable for framing.
To orde r copies of these courses, return the cou pon below with your check or company pu rchase order to : Course Editor, The Electronic Engineer, One Decker Square, Bala-Cynwyd, PA 19004, E-2.
r----------------------1
Please send me the following courses:
Quantity
Cost
_ _ _ Data Terminals @ $5.00 each
_ _ _ Memories @ $5.00 each
_ _ _ MOS Integrated Circuits @ $5.00
_ _ _ Optoelectronics @ $4.00 eac h
Total._ _ _ __
0 Check enclosed
0 P.O. #._ _ _ enclosed
DC- 12
Name
Company
Address
I
City
State
Zip
(
- ~~------------------ -J
New products at the Compu t er Systems Des ign Co nfere nce
EXPANDABLE RAM The bipolar RAM M C I 3333 sys tem
expands in l K word increments from 1K- 4K , and in 9 bit in crem en ts fr om 9- 54 bits. Prim a ry app lica ti o n in microprogramming con trol stores requiring rea d / write capab ilit y, s uc h as IBM 's 3330 di sc drive co ntroller. M emo ry Technology Inc ., 83 Bos to n Post Rd ., S udbur y, Mass. 01 776.
Circle Reader Service #254
AI D CO NVERTERS The 5800 series is a se lf-contained,
multiplexing, A / D and D/ A system. Basic package ca n have 8 input cha nnels, expandab le to 64 single-ended, o r 32 differenti a l cha nnel s. Basic 8 cha nn el unit is abo ut $ 1,200 . Analogic Co rp ., Audubon Rd ., Wakefield , Mass.
Circle Reader Service #255
DELAY LINE PACKAGES Tapped dela y line D!Ps on 0.2" cen-
ter s reduce boa rd space by 1/ 3 in cr iti ca l applications. Others on 0.6" centers increase taps per package by factor o f four. Rh o mbu s Industries , 24284 Crenshaw Bl vd ., Torrance, Ca lif.
Circle Reader Service #256
SIG NAL MEASUREMENTS The Model 2152 measures single
event analog o r high rep-rate s igna l voltages to the nearest mV at a 1 MHz rate, with an acc u racy of 1%. It determines occ urrence of a kn own vol tage to th e nearest 1 ns . Techn it rol, In c., 1952 E. Alleghen y Ave ., Philadelphia, PA
Circle Reader Service #257
M odel 7700 Interactive Display Terminal upgraded from 1,000 character display to 2,000 character display, and new accessor ies. Lear Siegler / Electronic Inst rum ents .
Circle Reader Service #258
An Honorable Solution to your Data Acquisition Problem
From VIDAR: · You can derive maximum data and accuracy with
relatively minimal cost. · You can get a data acquisition system with inherent
longevity. · You can be secure with a data acquisition system
designed by user-oriented engineers to facilitate your job. Because: VIDAR means innovation, creativity and reliability, and is a leader in the data acquis iti on and instrumentation industry. VIDAR means quality assurance, and security. VIDAR creates systems capable of gathering millivolt-range signals in high common-mode noise environments, with high resolution-per-dollar accuracy, continuously, without appreciable drift or breakdown. VID AR has experienced installation of data acquisition systems that have provided dependabl.e service in a broad spectrum of applications including pollution monitoring, plant process and control , structural test ing, engine testing, pot line monitor and control, and battery testing. VIDAR will provide you with a solution to your data acquisition needs. Describe your requirements on letterhead and mail to: Dick Kennedy, Product Manager.
Circle 1 5 on Reader Service Card
77 Ortega Avenue , Mountain View, California 94040 (415) 961-1000 Atlanta (404) 458-0993 ·Boston (617) 922-7192 Chicago (312) 539-4838 · Cle veland (216) 267-0445 Houston (713) 864-6128 · New York (2 01 ) 647-5888 San Francisco (415) 327-9270 · Washington , D.C. (703) 534-6241
POLLUTION CONTROL
DC- 14
MALLORY
MALLORY CAPACITOR COMPANY
a division of P . H . ~1ALLOH"'I & l'O. l!';C. lndianupoliH, lndhu1 \ 10:.!00
Electrical and Electronic Components · Sequence Timers · Metallurgical Products · Batteries
Circle Reader Service #24
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Microwave Solid State
SIGNAL SOURCES
FEATURING . . .
· Portability · Programmability ·Accuracy · High Linearity · Reliability
Watkins-Johnson announces the new WJ- 1165 series of compact, lightweight signal sources covering the 0.5 to 18 GHz frequency range in six bands. Designed for applications where size and weight are primary considerations, these rugged and reliable micro-sources feature sol id state construction fo r trouble-free performance.
They may be manually operated or programmed in 1 MHz increments to any discrete frequency in an octave band. A standard external sweep mode is available to accommodate sawtooth and triangular wav,eforms. Options include remote BCD control for discrete frequency selection, internal sweep over the entire frequency band , and error voltage input for phase locking.
KEY SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency Range .. .. .......... . ...... 0.5 to 18 GHz (6 octave bands) Power Output .. . .. . ......... . ....... . 5 to 50 mW Frequency Accuracy .................. ± 0.3% Frequency Steps ..... . ...... . ........ 1 MHz inc rements Size ... . . . ...... . .. . .. .. .......... . . 10.2 x 27.3 x 30.5 cm Weight .. . .......... . ................ 5.9 kg
WATKINS -JOHNSON 3333 HILLVIEW AVE ., STANFORD INDUSTRIAL PARK, PALO ALTO , CALIF. 94304 · (415) 326-8830
T HE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service #2 5
DC-15
DC-16
Circle Reader Service #26
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Here is your copy of a brand new
reference chart sponsored by
COMMUNICATIONS TRANSISTOR CORP.
RF POWER TRANSISTOR
CHART
~ Tear it out,
NOW
... and
mount it on your wall
If the chart is missing, Circle Number 41
on the Inquiry Card for a copy.
Fault Isolation: We've just made it economically practical for commercial/industrial equipment.
Our new Fault Indicators take the high cost out of monitoring circuit performance.With them you can isolate faulty operation,cut troubleshooting time, eliminate costly check-out equipment and procedures, reduce downtime. All at a fraction of what fault indicators have previously cost.
The se BITE (Built-In-TestEquipment) Indicators use an electricall y actuated mechanical display that latches into position magnetically. When a circuit malfunction occurstransient or continuous - the di splay transfers color and
latches magnetically until reset. This latch memory assures posit ive isolation / indication regardless of the nature of the fault.
Because of their miniature size (.320" dia.), these indicators can be mounted directly on PC boards or grouped as a system on a remote fault isolation panel. Our application engineers will be glad to assist you in the use of individual units or in the designing of a complete system to your specific requirements.
Write fo r deta ils. Today.
THE A. W HAYDON COMPANY
NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS
232 North Elm Street,W at erbury, Conn. 06720 Tel. (203) 756-4481 TWX: 710-477-3141 In Europe: Pol y moto r International ·Brussels 1, Belgium
Circ/e Reader Service #2 7
49
THE TEAC R-70.
Don'tknock it
ifyou haven't
tried
I·te And now you can try it. For 10 days. Free. That's how confident we, of TEAC, are about our rugged little R-70 cassette data recorder holding up its end of our
reputation. Try it. See how it performs in
your operation on its own selfcontained batteries, or external AC or DC.
Check its frequency response: FM mode is now DC to 800Hz; direct from lOOHz to 8kHz.
And use it either FM or DR with a flip of a switch on any of its four channels.
Locate your voiced comments or other data quickly with its built-in tape counter.
Monitor the channels individually via the built-in meter and/or by output to your scope.
Watch the warning light wink on as you reach the end of your tape in the Philips-type cassette.
Then wonder at how we packed all of these features (and more) into this 5"xl4"xlO"totally self-contained 14-pound data recorder.
All for the price of $1995, including eleven accessories!
If you'd like to try out our R-70 on a current problem or project, we're game.
Just write or call Ken Williamson, Director of Marketing, Technical Products, TEAC Corporation of America, 7733 Telegraph Rd. , Montebello, CA 90640. Telephone (213) 726-0303.
He'll tell you how you can
takea
T EAC®and try it.
50
Circle Reader Service #28
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
PACKAGING ~ COURSE . 0'
PACKAGING
with integrated circuits
The little bugs that tamed the big packages
By Alberto Socolovsky a nd Smedley B. Ru th ,
hum an engineered? Are they functional? Choosing an en-
Editori al Staff , Th e El ectro ni c En ginee r
There was a tim e when li fe was si mpl e and train s ran o n schedul e, when a n elec t ronic circuit cou ld be designed a nd prototyped without regard fo r how it would be fin a ll y packaged. N ot so tod ay, when the speed an d so phistica ted des ig n of elec t ronic c irc uit s make the selec ti o n of a pac kage a co mpl ex problem which mu st be solved a nd , m os t impo rt a ntl y, so lved early.
What d o we mea n by a pac kage? Where does it begi n?
clos ure isn't simple, a nd the las t chapters of the course will help with informati o n about enclosures and a pplications .
These a nd m a ny m o re pertinent questions will be answered in thi s course on "Packaging with 1cs." Presented in m onthl y insta llments, it wi ll include a rticles by top people in the indu stry, kn o wled gea ble engineers o n both sides of the fen ce- both m a nufacturers and users, and co mm ents by yo ur ed itors. Wat ch next m o nth fo r the fi rst in sta llme nt , "The IC pac kages."
Where does it end? Wh a t's a pac kage to the se mi condu ctor manufa cturer, is it a n integra l part of a co mponent to the se mic o nduct o r user? And d oes this use r's packagin g problem beco m e a mate ri a ls techn o logy problem when m akin g printed-circuits, o r a problem of automation when wiring a back panel, or both?
There's ha rdl y a piece of electronic equipment designed today without integrated ci rc uit s, lots of them. More im-
OUTLINE OF THE COURSE
Part I ... The IC packages Dual -in-line, flat pac ks and TO-packages. Passive compone nts in IC-compatib le pa c kages. Special (edge connected diaphragm, and hybrid pac kages). Automa ti c and se mi au t o mati c inse rtion of these components.
portantly m ost o f them come packaged in the imperfec t, yet a lready c lassic, dual-in -lin e package. And thi s littl e b ug- lik e pac kage, m o re th a n a ny other factor , has effec ted a maj o r rev o luti on in the desig n o f tod ay's electroni c ha rdwa re. Used not o nl y fo r 1cs, DIPS find their way into pass ive compone nts and eve n rel ays and switches. Th eir regular size a nd lead-s pac in g are re nected in th e m yriads of
Part II ... Circuit boards and cables
PC boards-single sided , doubl e sided , a nd m ultil ayer boards. Flat-flexible cab les and flexible ci rc uits. Ground pl anes, coax ial lines and strip lines . Co mputer-aided design of PC bo ard s, c rosst a lk and circuit su bstr ates (ce rami c).
pla ted-through h oles in printed circuit boards. Their numbe rs have been respo nsible for the multipli city o f pins and
Part Il l . .. Back panel wiring Co nn ec tin g the ICs direct ly, and into so c kets .
wires in back pane ls , th e numbers of co ntacts in co n-
back pane ls-m et alli c and insulating.
nec tors, and the m a ny conductors in cable harn esses a nd
Wiring m ethods-wire Wrap®. Term i- point ®,
n at cables. It is to thi s revo lu t ion that this course is ded ica ted. It
sta rt s, just as yo ur job does, with the selection of th e prop-
and Multiwire®. Production m eth ods-a utoma ti c soldering a nd we ldi ng. Ca re of high-speed c irc uits-low noi se and
er package for yo ur co mpo nents. It then follows with the
c rosst alk .
...
designer in co ns ide rin g how it wi ll be m o unt ed on th e PC
board , the type of PC board to be used , how the connect ion
Part IV ... Enclos ures
will be made to th e board , a nd how that board fits into th e
Ca rd ca ges , ca rd guid es and drawers . App lica bl e Mil-Specs .
ove ra ll picture. S ho uld yo u use n at nex ibl e cab le? Will
SHP-Standard Hardware Pr ogram ( Navy).
th e re be a noise or cross ta lk problems and if so, wh at
should yo u d o to avo id it?
Part V .. . Applications
The co urse will then move to the back side of th e board or panel. Several methods are ava ilabl e, but a re yo u familiar with their advan tages a nd limit ati ons? And, how about
Packaging for space applicat ions. Packa gi ng for cons umer applications. Packaging fo r co mputer and communicatio ns applica ti ons.
the back panel itself? Th ey're all covered in the fo ll owing
Pa cka g ing for au t omotive appl ications.
chapter o f th e co urse. H ave yo u conside red enclosures? Th ere a re many ca rd
cages and ca rd g uides o n th e market today a nd most o f them look great. But will th ey meet yo ur needs? Are they
The above will be pu blished fro m March to July 1972 . After the las t chapte r we will publish a fin al exa min at ion. The Electronic En gi neer con fers a ce rtifi ca te t o th ose read ers who pass the exa m .
THE ELECT RONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
51
Passive
componen t s in DIPs .
CAB IN ET
13ackpanels !wiring side)
standalone
~
terminals
TOpock,ge i
MOT HER BOARD
PANELBOARD 1 CO NNECTOR
While you can't go by this sketch to package your eq uipm ent. it depicts the subjects cove red in this co urse on "Packaging with ICs." It starts with the IC packages which go. through sockets. terminals or plated holes. into PC boards. Several of these "daughter" boards plug into "mother" boards which. in turn . pl ug into panels. Th e "backpanel" connections are wired fr om lug to lu g. At top right are seve r al panels sta c ked in an enclosure. !Sketch suggested by Mike Corrigan of Amphenol Industrial Division.)
52
...._. _
. . -.. -.---.-.--.-.-.-...-.~-.---·-.-...."
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
It's as lar as a PDP-8.
Back when PDP-8 first came out, we knew it was going to be wellreceived.
And that's just what happened. Over 15,000 PDP-81s have been installed already.
In fact, more PDP-8's are coming off our production line every month than all the other minis put together.
Of course it takes more than big production lines to make a runaway best seller. PDP-8 does have a lot going for it.
Like the exclusive OMNIBUSTM construction that makes interfacing a snap.
And all those PDP-8 peripherals. Over 60 standards. Plus specials.
And nobody ignores PDP-S's
library of programs. It's the biggest colledion of minicomputer software in the world.
But when you get right down to it, all we did was take a great idea and bottle it.
Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Mass. 01754. (617) 897-5111.
Circle Reader Service #29
An open letter to industry on our ¢entsible connectors.
54
THE ELECTRONI C ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
ITT Cannon presents aseries of connectors that give you the performance you need at a price you can afford.
The day of performance for perform- connectors are just about everywhere
ance sake, regardless of cost, is over. -computers, peripherals , business
And the old habit of demanding spe- machines, and you name it-anywhere
cials instead of reaching for standards you want performance at low cost.
is now a luxury few can afford.
In a sense, these simple standards
That's the thinking behind our ¢ent- evolved from our many years of de-
sible connectors: simple, reliable, ex- veloping exotic specials. This same
cellent performing I
connectors with
, technology and design experience gave us
broad applications
the know-how to
and low cost. Take a
create and pro-
look at our
duce these ¢entsi-
ADAPTA-CON
ible connectors.
pin and socket
Return to the basics with
interconnec-
us. Find out just how well
tions for P.C.
our ¢entsible con-
and backplane
nectors can do the
applications. Or
job in so many ap-
consider our
plications where
rectangular,
connector cost
Zero Force DL
was, until
INSTAMATE,a
now, a
thermoplastic
limiting
high den-
factor.
sity cord-to ~
panel or
J
You'll see
Input I Output connector.
The DL's circular companion is t~e
how much sense it makes for you.
CL ... all the same features
__.· _.-- Tell us about your connector re-
plus breech lock coupling . Then · quirements ... why not send us your
there 's the BURGUN-D, in five shell application? ITT Cannon Electric, In-
sizes, intermateable and intermount- ternational Telephone & Telegraph
able with all D Subminiature series. Corporation , 666 E. Dyer Road , Santa
Applications for these ¢entsible Ana, California 92702. (714) 557-4700.
THE ELECTRONI C ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
CANNON ITT
Circle Reader Service #30
55
CTI'LLE\\OE
Automotive electronics
'f'
In the second decade of
;
;,
electronics in the auto,
;/
Detroit will be
looking more and more
to electronic engineers
and their firms for help
in solving its systems
problems. But the
big payoff in 1980 will
only come to those EE's
and companies
who understand the im-
plications of this Detroit-
style formula:
"24 Apollos x 5M parts -::/=
5M cars x 24 parts."
Trevor 0 . Jones
Director of General Motors' Electronic Control Systems
is no lemon
Jo hn Mc N ichol, New Directions Editor Social ne ws from Detroit. Th e long-rumored , m uch heralded engagem ent of th e electronic industry and th e automobile industry has j ust been announced. According 10 interested onlookers, th e bride-10-be's new stepf ather, who is with th e Federal Governm ent in Washingto n, was seen carry ing a shotgun and a copy of emission-control and safe ty regulations. Well-wishers sugges ted that th e bride's prob/em-sol ving ability and th e groom 's great wealth made this a perfec t march. A lth ough the happy couple predicted a long engagem ent, th ey talked of many bouncing offspring after th eir marriage at th e end of th e decade.
R ain pelted th e wind shield as the sleek whi te sedan enter ed th e long oval tes t trac k . Th e ca r , r esembling a Ponti ac G r and Pr i x except fo r the energy-absorbing bumper s and t he elec t ro nic dashboard , leapt forwa rd as the dri ve r Ooor ed t he accelerat or. A sm all fore ign ca r was passed as i f st and i ng stil l. Th e speedo m eter r eadout Oipped out number s until at 80 miles per hour , the horn blared out co nt i nuousl y and t he lights Oashed interm i t tently. Sl owing t he ca r to ca nce l the alarm , the driver t urned in his sea t t o answe r ou r ques t ion.
" 1979," was th e r etor t. The ca r : Alph a I - Gener al M ot or s' fir st pro tot ype elec-
t ro nic ca r . Th e m an: Bri t ish-born Trevo r Jones, D i rec t or o f Gener al M ot or s' Elec t ro nic Contro l Systems group .
A nd t he ques ti on: " Wh en can John Q. Public dr ive th e A l-
ph a?" The incident on GM 's test trac k at War ren , Mich ., is in-
dicati ve of th e present state of automo t ive electro nics . Never befor e have pros pec ts look ed so bright for electroni c engineer s and their comp anies, but t h e p ayoff wo n' t co me unt il th e end of thi s decade and it will demand an ex tremel y cos t-co nsci ous approach .
Th is approach was summed by Fairchild 's pres ident Dr. L es H ogan, at a panel discuss ion he m oderated las t D ece mber at th e I E E E V ehicul ar Elect ro nics Conference in D etro it. Befor e introducing a panel of the top electronics m en in Detroit , including Jones , Ford' s Ch uck Sim mons, and C hrys ler 's Earl M eyer s, 'H ogan joked , "Firs t , I ' ve got so me good news, and t hen I' ve got some bad news...."
The good news It re lates t o dollars and t o employment opportunities.
F irst , th ere are t he numbers, the sheer vol ume of the market and the bill ions i t will mean for electronic, especially se mico nducto r , co mpanies . Second , t here is the changing nature of th e autom obil e, prodded by new federal regu-
GM 's TREVOR JONES: PUTTING ELECTRONICS ON WHEELS
When Gordo n Hoff man of Moste k called Trevor Jones at his ho m e r ecentl y, anot her m ember of Jones ' fam ily answered the phone. As t he person answeri ng th e ph one has the sam e whi m sical sense of Br it ish hum or as Jones . Hoffman was to ld . ' T m so rry , he's been dead f or two yea rs."
Persist ing in kind . Hoff man questioned . "Where did he work?"
To whi c h the rep ly came . " The Packard Motor Car Company. "
We ll, like Mark Twain who said , " t hat the recent reports of my demise are grea tl y exagge rated. " the repo rts of Trevor Jones ' state of health and recent employment are greatly exaggerated. And it may be beca use of putting men of his ca libre in positions like directo r of Electronic Control Systems that General Mot ors has remained the giant it is. whi le Pac kard is on ly a name in a game of trivia .
Quick-w itted. faci le. and a dedicated pr ofessional EE . Jones represen ts a new blend of auto m an. Capable of fun ctioning as an interface be tween the old line 'automobi le-automobile' engineer and electronic engineers. he may be responsib le for in t rod ucing a new phase of electronics into the automobile.
Born in Maidsto ne. England. Jones joined AC Electronics in 1959 . As a senior project engineer he wo r ked on high preci sion miniature gyroscopes and acce lerometers. Between 1960 and 196 2 he was active on the B-52 bombing navigationa l system. and t hen the analysis of system req uirements for advanced weapon and space systems .
This . in t urn. led to his appointment in 1965 as the man res ponsible fo r the entire Apollo guidance co mputer program fo r the lu na r and com m and modules . In 1966 , he became engi neering direct or for Military Avioni cs Systems .
Having become technical director for Advan ced Systems Engineeri ng in 1968. he moved over to the auto area in 1969 as di recto r. Aut om otive Safety Produ cts . In 1970. he attai ned his presen t position as director of the newly organized El ec t ro ni c Cont rol Syst ems group. with corporate responsibili ty fo r th e integration of electronic devices in GM vehicles. Thi s posit ion incl ud es the responsibility for advanced sa fety and em ission-control systems.
In June. 1971. John Vo lpe, Secretary of Transportat ion. appointed him to the Nat ional Motor Vehi c le Safety Adv iso ry Co unci l. He is a recipien t of the Br itish Institute of Electrical Engineers ' Hooper Memorial Prize .
On the wa ll of Jones· fairly Spartan office is a symbol of the problem s he faces and th at electronic engineers must solve . It pictures a ca r. a 20-ft . tree. and sign standa rd (minus the sign). plus traci ngs of th e radar's reaction t o th e obstacles. Th e tracings sound the death kn ell for rad ar as an int egral part of the air bag system . Unfortunately , the radar identifies the sign standard as dangerous. while it does not presen t a true picture of the men ace the tree may be in an accide nt. This fact ruled out using rad ar to trigger an air bag in early sys tems . As Jones says . "Let 's face it. it's a physical law."
THE ELECTRONI C ENGINEER · Fe b. 1972
57
Indicative of the increased electron ics activity in Detroit is this screen room of GM's En gin ee rin g Staff. The installation ca n acco mmodate at their Tec hnical Center one full size se-
lat ions and technological inn ovat ions. Jones, himself a former aerospace engineer who is systems-engin ee rin g the car, is look in g to electroni cs eng in eers fo r devices and circu it s to fill hi s system blocks.
D S ize of market- Although all three panelists point with some sco rn to sto ri es in the press that the e lect ron ic millenium has come (Jones: " I've got a bri efcase full of such stories. " ), even the most cynical admits that by the end of thi s decade, Det roit will be buying bet ween $1-5 billion o f products fr om elect ro ni c co mp an ies.
Defi ning the market , Jones quotes Dr . G. Villa, who ho ld s a simi la r position with Fiat. Villa spoke recent ly a t an Electronics Industry Co nfe re nce in Turin , It a ly, of 10% by 1980 to a ma xi mum of 12% by 1985 of th e cos t of eac h car for electronics. Pretty heady figures when yo u realize dom estic car producers just had their first I0-million car yea r, with IS- million ca rs a yea r projected for 1980.
D T he systems approach- The s ign s o f good news are evide nced m ore at General M otors than at Ford or C hrysler. Ford has been desig nin g individual elec t ronic s ubsyste ms, adding on 10 of them in the past 10 yea rs. C hrys ler , whi ch was the first to put M o toro la's silicon diodes in its a lternato r back in 1960 a nd so lid-sta te ignition this year (on a ll models) , has been hampered by a lack of funds .
This leaves General M oto rs, which has stolen the ma rch with th e formation in 19 70 of Jones ' gro up to explo re th e syste ms a pp roac h . A fact qui etl y acknow ledged by some insiders at Ford: "GM has rea ll y go ne into electro ni cs in a big way; frankly , th ey' re a head of eve rybod y."
The charter that Jones hopes will keep them in first place is "to o ptimize the integration of e lectronic functions for cost, commonality, reli a bility, and m a intainability; and to continuously review the state of the art of electronics relative to driver a nd a ut omot ive functions ."
58
dan or two eco nomy size models. General Motors uses it for gener a l EMI tes t ing and also in pattern a nd sensitivity tests on possible a nti -co llision radars.
In o ther words, Jones, who speaks proudly of hi s past association with the Apollo project, has corporate responsibility fo r the integration of a ll electronic de vices, in c ludin g safety and emission-contro l systems, into a ll General M otors vehic les. As he says, " This is the first se ri o us co nsidera ti o n, as id e from enterta inment, that we've g iven to electronics."
U nd er this char ter, Jones' 100-man staff ha s prepa red Alpha I, a prototype that consists of a Pontiac Grand Prix loaded wit h electronic subsystems such as an ti -s kid, the phys iologica l tes te r, an electr on ic das hb oa rd , a nd much more. (General Motors is a lso working with Delt a 1, an env ir o nment a l car, and Sigma I , a safety model.) But me n lik e Dr . Hogan have their ow n ideas abo ut putting that m uch elec t ronics into a ca r. Look in g a t the breadboarding for th e ce ntr a l and sa te llite comp ute rs that fill mu ch of the trunk of th e Alpha , he whipped o ut a tape and meas ured the processor , insis tin g, " We can reduce all this to a few cubic inches."
But before electronic engineers can put Hogan's " deli ghtful 1cs," as Jones says with a to uch of British whimsy, close to the engi ne block , they' ll need environmental specs for the a utomobile. Trevor Jones' group is preparing a large specificati o n to be released within th e next few mo nth s, which will define all the environments of an auto a nd the test procedures to which electronics will be exposed. For the first time, engineers will know what they' re up against when they design for what Jones refers to "as har sh a n environment as a ny for the military, compounded by the large number of vehicles. "
One of the advantages of suc h a g ro up , J o nes says, is that " We're ab le to build a lot of o ur own e lectronics, so we understand the cos t. For in sta nce, when we look at a transistor we know what it tak es to buy the silicon, process
THE ELECT RONI C ENGI NEER · Fe b. 1972
·
SEQUENTIAL TURN SIGNALS
DISTRIBUTOR MODULATOR
DIODE WIRING LOGIC
AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
AM/FM/MPX RADIO & STEREO TAPE
INTERMITIENT WINDSHIELD
WIPER
HEATED BACKLITE
TIMER
RPM LIMITER HIGH PERFORMANCE
ENGINES
Some of the subsystem s being se ri ously looked at 1n Detro it a re show n here. I he ex(;erimental Al ph a 1 includes most o t the equipm ent sfiown . In. aoo 1t1 on. Alpha 1 has extensive
it, make the package, a nd test it. M a ny times th e cos t boi ls down to the simple economics o f the vo lume of th e s ili c o n . "
D Legislation- Jones , like a ll auto makers, admits that Washington has made the electronic industry more attractive th an eve r. "The pressu res of technology and safe ty a nd emissio n-co ntro l legisla t io n requ ire us to take a very ha rd loo k a t wha t elec tro nics can do on the a ut omobile. It wi ll co me in thi s decade, " he notes, "but it won ' t come tom o rr ow. "
Bes ides emi ss io n-co nt ro l reg ul a tio ns, Washington's interest is spelled out in pub lication DOT / HS 820 163, " P rog ra m Pl a n fo r Mo tor Vehicle Safety Standa rd s, Oct. 197 1." Th is I08- page doc ument, published by the Nati onal Highway Traffic S afe ty Administratio n of the Department of, T ra nspo rt ation , inc ludes so me 14 sys tems a nd dev ices, with d a tes, whi ch m ay dem a nd an elec tro ni c solutio n. They ra nge fro m H igh Speed W arning and Control in 1974 to Contro ls and Displays Require ments in 1977.
O th er legisla ti on pend ing is Michigan 's own Sen a tor Hart 's bi ll , S967. T his bill , which has passed the Senate, calls for a n ini ti a l grant of $50 milli on. One vi tal cla use call s fo r a d iagnost ic exam of a ll new o r us ed cars at the time of sa le.
D Histor y- Co ncluding th e good news is Jo nes' ow n view o f hi story. He poi nts to th e inevitab il ity of a ut omotive e lectro ni cs. A n a ma teur h istoria n, he plots speed as a function of tim e for computers from the abacus to Ba bbage's machine in 1833 to th e prese nt day, and the speed of tra nsport ati o n from th e prehistoric canoe to the Apo llo spacecraft. Essent ially iden tical, th e slopes of these curves represent the thrust of 20th century technol ogy . A similar plo t of a utom otive electro nics a lso tend s to follow the same curve. All three, he notes, have bent the k nee a nd
THE ELECTRON IC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
co ntrol and monitoring capab 1l1t1es bv virtue o t the cent ra l processor and several satellite processors wh ich it ca r r ies in the trunk. (Co urtesy of Texas Instruments Inc orpo rated)
may be go ing in to ava la nch e.
The bad news
Alth ough bad news has the re puta ti o n fo r trave lling fa st, J o nes is afraid that pe rh aps the e lec tro ni c industry has n' t gotten the message. The message fo r elec troni c enginee rs who want a slice of Detro it 's pie is to des ig n cos t-e ffecti ve dev ices that will su it the pa rt icul a r needs o f the a ut o industry for hig h vol u me, re lia ble sys tems.
D Cost effecti veness- GM 's Jo nes po in ts to a n impo rtant funct ion in his orga niza ti on- C osts a nd Techno logy Analysis. Th is shop evalu a tes whether new e lectronics on a veh icle are wo rth the cost. T he cos t can be s tagge r ing.- Fo r in s t a nce, it tak es $ 10 ,000 j ust to insert a ne w pa rt numbe r into th e system . In addition , there m ust be new tooling, new servicing inst ru ctions, and a new inve ntory. So me indu st ry experts estimate tha t a device sho uld be 30% chea pe r to m a ke it loo k attractive to Detroit. The re a re, howeve r, exce ptio ns, such as items with a potent eno ugh sales a ppeal th at th e custom e r ma y be wi ll ing to pay mo re.
Chrysler's Earl M~ye rs ma kes a co nvincing arg ument for how cost effec ti ve electroni cs ca n be in his an a lys is of the newly introdu ced tra nsis to ri zed igniti on . His a rgume nt : "Electronic ign ition will pay fo r itself with in two yea rs, and tha t is co nse rvat ive. This solves the big proble m of people no t d oing maintena nce a nd res ults in custo mer sa tisfac tion. "
At GM, Jones believes th a t th e so lutio n to the cos t o f electronics, in additi on to low-cost co mp o nents, lies in timesharing . For insta nce, th e elec tro nics o f th e ph ys iological tes ter, whic h tells when a dri ve r is no t fit to dri ve, can be sha red for an a nt i-theft loc k, a di ag nos tic interrogation display, a clock, a time base fo r a fl as her, etc.
59
The instrument panel in GM 's Alph a 1. Although strictly ex perim ental , the Alpha l has helped GM get _out of the start in g bloc ks ahead o t the other aut o companies 1n solvin g the au t o/ elec tr oni cs interfac e pro blem s. l11 t erestingly enou gh, d uring the period of Alpha l'', testin g, the emph as is at GM has sl11 tt ed tr a m ve ry low cos t on/ o ff se nso r s t o in c re ased use o t d 1g 1t a l 1nf o rm a t1on pro ce ssin g and displ ay t ec h n iq ues.
D Vo lume - J o nes ' th eorem sum s up ni ce ly th e relation
of vo lume to cost effectiveness: " Twenty-fo ur Apollo
spacecrafts time s 5 milli o n parts is different than 5 million
cars times 24 parts."
That 's a vital differe nce, and a cha llenge to the se mi-
co nductor industry: " We find it ve ry diffi cult, if not im-
possib le to obtai n written quotations from se mi co ndu cto r
houses," complai ns J ones. One reaso n is the sheer size of
the market. " I recently asked a supplier of light-emitting
diodes for a quote o n 20 milli on (four per car) LEDS a yea r.
H e got ou t his book a nd pencil in g rea t shock a nd sa id ,
'$5.00.' Surprised, I as ked if th a t was for all four diodes
and he replied, 'Well , my book on ly goes to 100,000.' T o this date , we sti ll haven ' t go t a qu o te ."*
What Jones didn 't say is how much GM is willing to pay
for I.EDS. According to one s upplier , it isn ' t mu c h m o re
than the 3 or 4 ce nt s it pays now for mini a ture in-
candescen t lamps . Whil e Jones acknow ledges that the di g-
ital electronic clock and the solid-state flasher are close to
realization , he in sists th e price must be right. "If there' s a
dollar difference on a product, that ' s a $5 milli o n additi o nal cos t a year. "
D Time- A tw o-edged sword for Jones and all a uto
m a kers, they need time to syste ms-enginee r th e a ut omo-
bile. Having done that, they must work within the confines of the two, three or fo ur yea rs' leadtime . For exa mpl e.
some items on your 1979 Alpha co uld be frozen by 1976.
o Reliability- A M otoro la eng inee r h as desc ribed th e
au to env ironme nt as " to ugher th a n m a ny of the to ughes t
military enviro nm ents, with unpredi ctab ly poo r o pera tin g
conditi o ns , unpredictably bad maintenance (if a ny) , an d
unbelievably poor mechanics."
'
Fo r that re as on , J ones stre sses the import a nce of reliabil-
it y. "Fo r examp le," he notes, "whil e we're intrig ued with
li quid crystal fo r displays because of its simpli ci ty, th e
highest MTBJ· we've see n is I000 ho urs. A car may run ove r
300 ho urs a yea r for I0 years."
* L-dito r"· note: a... of o ur puhlii..:a1ion datc. Jone' had fi na ll) n:cci\'cd the qu otr.:.
60
Actually , auto men are jus t ifiably leery about reliabi lity. When Chrysler made the first across-the-board introduction of electronics in 1960- Motoro la 's d iodes for the a lternator- it suffered from an astronomica l 17 % failure rate in that first year of warranty .
D Attitud e- That Jones is aware of the electronic indu stry 's de sire to do business with Detroit is obvious. I n preparing for the evening sess ion with Fairch ild 's Hogan, Chrysler's Meyers and Ford's Simmons, he listened to a ta pe of a previo us IEEE meeting which had electronic co mpanies spelling out their message.
From Texas Instruments, he heard thi s plea , " We 've co me to th e dance but do n' t ha ve a partner ."
In earthier tones , Fairchi ld' s question made the sa me point, "Am sittin g on the edge of the bed and would like tc get ma rried. "
T o which Jones la ughin gly replied, ' The only unclear thing is wh o is go ing t o be doing what , to whom J"
But the quick-witted Jones reserves his spec ial barbs for electro ni c co mpani es "who a re just sellin g their ca ta logs instead o f tacklin g o ur problems. "
"A supplier," he states, " may o pen his catalog and say, 'There it is, 2N35 I, pnp . That wi ll be $1.70 in quantities of I0 and $1.15 per hundred .'
"Then we may say that it wo n't quite hack it and ask fo r a chan ge. And it has bee n o ur experience th a t where a produ ct does n' t fit, a nd a sli g ht mod won't work, the industry doesn't seem to come back with a solution. What we want is a solution to the device problem in supp o rt of our solution to th e system s proble m . We don 't want to rest ru cture o ur sys te ms prob lem ."
Yet most semiconducto r ma nufacturers insist Detroit sho uld op timi ze their sys tems around their existing lowcos t co mpo nent s. J ones d oes n' t think so beca use it usuall y " res ult s in compli ca tin g the sys te m desi g n with hi g he r costs.' '
"What I would sugges t is to loo k a t a nd understand the co mplex piece o f machinery the automobile is , understand the system s we're considering, a nd stud y the Department o f Transpo rt a ti o n's M o tor Vehicle S a fety Standards that will require electronics . Besides, I think the electronic co mpani es have been baffled . Th ey d o n' t know how to do business with us. Chrysler, Ford , and General Moto rs all do business in a differe nt way. "
Needed-devices and prices
In additi o n to inexpensive di sp lays, Jones is pa rti c ularl y interested in low-p ri ced actuators, power se mi co ndu ctors, a nd transducers. Looking back over the past decade on how much of a foo thold electronics has taken, Jones can o nl y point to the alternator a nd voltage reg ulat o r used in a ll m ode ls. H oweve r, th ese three co mpo nent s, he fee ls, will help to chan ge th e whole pi cture .
He refers to th e problem of obta ining inexpen sive ac tuators as "a very critical one." Transistors that can switch the 40-A solenoid in a door lock or window are expensive. Also, low-cos t powe r ac tu a tors co uld m a ke rea l inroad s for hydra uli c m od ul ato rs, such as th a t used in a nti- skid sys tem s.
THE ELECTRONIC ENGI NEER · Feb . 1972
BILL 5976: FOR THE AUTO ELECTRONICS AFTERMARKET If Michigan's Sen. Hart has his way , ca r buyers and makers of electronic diagnostic equipment will be walking around with big smiles. Directed at saving the estimated $30-40 billion a year spent for unnecessary car repai rs, S976 , which has successfully gone through the Senate. is up for House action early this year. It 's directed at the $40 billion (o nethird of all repairs) wasted beca use of poor diagnosis, deliberate frau d, or incompetence .
Born in Sen. Hart's Anti -Trust Subcommittee in early 1968, this bill has attracted more mail th an any legis lation in memory. according t o a m ember of the Subco mmittee st a ff. All new or used ca rs would be subjec ted t o a diagnostic exam at the time of sale, and when a ca r's safety equipment is damaged in an accident. Another important prov ision would allow a car owner to get a second diagnosis (for a nomi n al fee of $1 or· so) after a repair job to c heck if th e mechanic d id his job. Incidentally , used ca r buyers wil l be deli ghted t o hea r th at a min o r c la use of th e bill makes it illegal t o turn back the odometer.
The initial grant of $50 million, to be pumped through th e Department of Transportation for 10 pilot proj ects . will be al loca te d for electron ic equipment and staffing . Si nce a pi lo t proj ec t m ay involve an entire state or a c ity the size of New Yor k. it should spell jobs fo r en gi neers and busin ess for electronic co mpanies .
Explaini ng why solid-state flashers haven't been used on a ll models, Jones pins the bl a me on power semiconductors. "A 30¢ power semiconductor," he insists , "can ' t compete with a lower priced switch or solenoid."
To take advantage of the convenience and economics of a digital system, GM wants, aga in at low cost, digital t ransduce rs. Since virtu ally a ll t ransducers today are analog, they' re looking for either a low-cost converter or a new approach.
Getting in the driver's seat
Admittedly, dealin g with th e automotive Big 3 can be a frustrating business. The very environment of the automobi le m a kes it so. The lo ng lead times required fo r changes can't be disfo unted . The differing ap proaches of General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler for implementation of electronics add to the complexity.
H owever, in thi s second decade of auto electronics the winds of chan ge have co me to Det roit. Pushed by government reg ul ations and advancing techn ology, the auto manufacturers are takin g a new, more thorough loo k '!t what electronics can do . Trevo r Jones a nd his Electronic Control Systems group a re representative of this new breed. Wh a t he a nd his pee rs at Ford and Chrysler will want in th e yea rs approac hin g th e '80s from electronic eng ineers are inn ovative designs, with th e accent o n low cost and hi gh reliability, to so lve th ei r problems .
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Careers
THE ELECTRO NI C ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
Solitron -pacesetter in automotive electronics!
Monolithic &
thick film hybrid circuits
Incorporating rugged Solitron silicon power transistors and power rectifiers, for greater reliability and economy!
So litron manufactures General
-- Motors and Chrysler replacement-
type voltage regulators.
solitron
I
~~ I
'.\\-. ·'
Th e SOLi-TRON solid state ig nition sys tem .
Solitron automotive electronic products include: Custom Monolithic and Thick Film Hybrid /C's Voltage Regulators Windshield Wiper Controls Anti-skid Devices
i~ ~,~1~~,or~,~~~!~es. Inc.
Tappan , N. Y. 10983 (9 14) 359-5050
Circle Reader Service #3 1
61
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lntersil 5009/501 O 4-channel analog gate. Compensating FET (pin 4) is closely matched to switching FETs. Connecting compensating
FET in feedback loop of "virtual ground" inverting
amplifier gives RoNfMArcHJ (Effective Switch-On Resistance) as low as 5 ohms.
11
16 14
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lntersil 5011 / 5012 4-channel analog gate.
62
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
That's right. one dollar a channel.
New low prices on lntersil 's 5009 Series Analog Gates bring costs down to a dollar a channel. And lntersi l fabrication technology provides Effectiv e Switch-On Re s istances from 50 to 5 ohms.
Typical lo1oFFJ is 100pA (@Vos=1V). Gates available with from 1 to 4 channels per package , suitable for SPST, SPOT, DPST or DPDT use. They are packaged in silico ne D!Ps (standard) or in ceramic DIPs , and are usable
with logic inputs of + 5 or + 15 volts with no
need for an external driver.
And the price is right.
Check these prices. at 100-piece quantities, for standard (50 ohms) and lower values of
R oN (MATCH )·
50 ohms 25 ohms 10 ohms
5 ohms
Number of chan nels
4
3
2
1
$ 4.00 3.30 2.40 1.30
6.00 4.95 3.60 1.95
9.00 7.40 5.40 2.90
13.50 11 .10 8.10 4.35
Get 'em here.
lntersil stocking distributors. Schweber Electronics ; Century Electronics ; Semiconductor Specialists ; R. V. Weatherford Co. lntersil area sales offices. Los Angeles (213) 370-5766; Metropolitan New York (201) 5675585 ; Minneapolis (612) 925-1844 ; San Francisco Bay Area (408) 257-5450. Overseas representatives. Copenhagen: E. V. Johanssen A/S . Helsinki : Digelius Electronics Finland OY. Paris : Tranchant Electronique . Milan : Auriema Italia SRL. Tokyo : Intern ix. Madrid : Hispano Electronic S. A. Stockholm: ST-Komponent AB . Zurich: Laser & Electronic Equipt. London: Tranchant Electronics. Munich : Spezial Electronic.
lntersil
A$9 multiplexed sample &hold.
Practical applications fall wherever you may
need multiplexing , range-switching or sample
& hold circuitry.
As an example, for the price of a $4 .00
lntersil 5009 and a $5 .00 lntersil 8007 FET-
input op amp , you can build this complete
multiplexer with sample-and-hold, providing
an output decay rate of 4mV /sec. and gain
error of 0.5% max. Like more examples? Ask
for our comprehensive application notes. From
,c~, lntersil , of course .
~---------........-1
10900 N. Tantau
Ave .. Cupertino .
CA 95014.
~~ LOGIC INPUT
101r.n
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service #32
63
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Picture your terminal
(even if it's IBM)
with our $3,300
graphic plotter.
Circle Reader Service #33
At last, everybody can see their timeshare data plotted in smooth, clear graphs. H ewlett-Packard's Model 7200 Graphic Plotter will add a new visual dimension to any terminal in the business. N ow, even if you're partial to IBM's 2741, you can have instant graphic solutions to every type of engineering or mathematical problem.
There's no special operation or programming knowledge needed. You control the program. Plot numerical data in points, lines, curves, circles, ellipses, bar graphs or pie charts. Or, manipulate and expand computer data
and plot in finished graphic form . You get smooth lines-not the staircase drawn by the incremental recorder.
Use the HP 7200 simultaneously with your time-share terminal or silence the terminal and use the plotter alone. Because it goes to work when the data comes in, there's no time lag.
Simple manual controls allow you to set the graph limits to fit any preprinted grid. HP's Autogrip electrostatic holddown firmly grips any graph paper up to 11 x 17 inches.
You can arrange to add a graphic plotter to your existing time-share
terminal by contacting HewlettPackard. Buy it at $3,300. Rent it. Lease it. Or lease to buy.
We can match a 7200 with any EIA ASCII terminal in the business . .. or even IBM's 2741. So now, everybody can be the arty type. For details, contact Hewlett-Packard, .Palo Alto, California 94304; Europe : 1217 Meyrin-Geneva, Switzerland.
HEWLETT. PACKARD
-
-------· '
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I
NEW
If red displays stop you, go with green
The first, totally so lid-s tate light-emitting products in colors other than red a re now ava ilab le. Mon sa nto 's Electronic Special Products gro up in Cupertino, Calif. has announced green and ye llow LEDS and seven-segment readouts.
The new read o uts are mechanica ll y simi lar to Monsanto's red MAN I product, with 0 .27 -in . character heights. The green readout- called MANS - uses GaP, and emits radiation at S6SO A close to the maximum sensitivity region of the human eye. The yellow MAN8 uses GaAsP , and emits at S890 A.
Standard red-light displays (such as tho se made not only by M onsa nt o, but also Fairchild, Litronix, Motorola, Tl, and others) use epitax ia l GaAsP on a GaAs substrate. Yellow and green products, on the othe r hand, use GaP substrates. Green products have a Ga P epi taxial layer , whil e ye ll ow prod ucts have a nitroge n-d oped , GaAsP epi layer. The band gap a nd the d opa nts determine the rad iation wavelength.
The construction of the new displays is different th a n that of the red ptoducts. A MAN I , for exa mpl e, has seve n chips, each about 0.02 x 0 . 12 in . (O.S x 3 mm) . The MANS and MAN 8 a lso use seven chips, but each chip is onl y abo ut
O.S mm sq uare. The seg ments a re formed with an internal, bar-shaped reflector which sp reads the light so that each segment looks like a norm a l MA I segment.
The refl ec tor is needed because, un1ik e GaAsP which emits a lo ng a junction, th e GaP c r ys ta l is tran spa rent. Light exi ts then in all direc ti o ns, so it is necessary to co llect it for use. Opcoa, which last year introduced a red (no t green) 7-segmen t readout made with GaP, uses the sa me principle (T he Electro nic Engineer, Mar. 19 7 1, p. 30.)
The new, di sc rete LEDS are mechanically identical to Monsanto's MVS020 se ri es. The gree n MVS222 and ye llow M VS322 each have a typical brightness characteristic of 300-ft-L at SO mA. The on ly practical way to make green-emitting d isplays is with ga llium-phos phide (Ga P), an d M onsa nt o is the first company to offer th em commercia ll y. Western Electric, General E lect ri c's Miniature Lamp Departm ent , and Opcoa have been making GaP produ cts in production fo r about a yea r, but in red , not green . Opcoa makes 7-seg ment readout a nd di odes, GE makes di od es (or, as GE ca ll s them, solid state la mps) a nd Western Electri c makes di odes a nd seg-
mented displays for the Bell Sys tem. Whi le al l o ptoelectronic manufacturers recognize the importance of green displ ays, on ly Western Electric has been able to make th em in limited prod uction . N ow, accord ing to C larence R . Bruce of M o nsanto, hi s company can de liver the m at the rate of l000 a month .
Prices of the green a nd yellow products a re high rig ht now, but are ex pected to dro p close to th ose of the red line in 12-18 mo nths. The predominant expense is in the GaP substrate, which costs about an order of magnit ude more th a n a GaAs substrate.
The prices stack up this way (as a reference, remember that the red MAN I costs $7. 7S ea. in 1000-pc. lo ts, an d the red di odes about $0.71 ea .): in 1000-pc. lots, the gree n MANS costs $10 ea.; ye llow MAN 8, $ 18.7S; green MVS222 , $1.95; a nd yell ow M VS322 , $3.9S. Monsanto Electronic Special Products, I 0 l 3 1 Bubb Rd ., Cupertino, Ca lif. 950 14. (408) 257-2140. For Monsanto
Circle Reader Service #269
For Genera l Electric Circle Reader Service #270
For Opcoa Circle Reader Service #271
DIG ITA L CLOCK
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CERMET POTENTIOMETER
48 PO SIT ION READOU T
M odel DCl400 is a su rface mo unted cloc k only 1/ 2 in. thi ck. It can be used in a ny d ata ac qui sitio n syste m , eve nt recording, a uto m a tic contro ller o r a ny oth e r elapsed time / rea l time app lica ti on. Co mpl ete ly self-contai ned and re ady fo r use. N a ti o nwid e Elec tronic Sys tems, Inc. , 7 N662 Rte 53 , Itasca, Ill. 60143.
Circle Reader Service #272
Model 3299 Trimpot® potentiometer features 25 -turn , precisio n seta bility in the popular 3/s in. 2 package . This 1/ 2 W unit has molded-in terminals. A choice of three popular pin styles gives you flexibility in circuit pac kag ing design. $ 1.20 ea. (500-999 quan.) . Trimpot Products Div ., Bourn s, Inc ., 1200 Columbia Ave., Ri verside, Calif. 92507 .
Circle Reader Service #273
THE ELECT RO NIC ENGINEER · Fe b. 1972
Here's a rear projection readout unit (Se ries I 002) that can flas h 48 disc rete messages o n a screen and ye t needs only about as much panel space as a postage sta mp . It is < 3 in . long, about l 1/ 3 x 3/4 in. in sec tion, and weighs just ove r 3 oz. Industri a l Electronic Engineers, Inc., 7720-40 Lemona Ave ., Va n Nuys, Calif. 91405 .
Circle Reader Service #274
65
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fully decoded on chip and is organized as a 256-bit by 4-word memory. The mem ory has open collecto r outputs th at can be OR-tied with additional ROMS to easily expand word size. Fairchild Semiconductor.
Circle Reader Service #275
SUPER-BETA OP AMPS The SN52108A/SN72308A, and the SN52108/SN72308,
are directly interchangeable with the LM I08A/LM308A and
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LOW PRICED 6 -BIT D/ A
The MC1406 sells for $3 .95 in hundred-up quantities . The
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5
monolithic unit uses the R-2R resistor ladder network ap-
ii:
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proach. In order to use diffused resistors rat her than the NiCr
_,
resistors used in most hybrids, a number of unique design
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philosophies have been adopted. Motorola Semiconductor.
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Circle Reader Service #278
.<_..,
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c
MEMORY SENSE AMP The CA354 l D, consists of two differential input amplifiers,
.::.c.
a common second-stage amplifier, a de restorer circuit, and'
i
an output logic gate. It converts low-level core-memory I
.>..
pulses to saturated logic-level outp ut pulses . Either of the in-
:::;
put amplifiers may be gated ON with a saturated logic signal
u.._....,.
"'
iii
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so that an incoming l pulse of positive or negative polarity
<a.
can be detected from either of two sense lines. RCA.
:=:
Circle Reader Service #279
"u...'. NEW 9000 SERIES 0u
a.:
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0
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::c
:C::>;
30 DAY FREE TRIAL
NEW CATALOG
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DUAL N-CH ANNEL FET
The SM F3954, SM F3955, SM F3956, and SM F3958 are direct replacements fo r the 2N3954 and the 2N5452 se ries but offer better operat in g currents and temperatures. Solitron Devices.
'
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ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
[Q] COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA
1441 Eu< Ch"'""' A·~ue,
Santa Ana, California 92701
·
Phone 714 - 547-5651
·
0
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Circle Reader Service #280
a.:
0a. 0a.:
II.
8-BIT MULTIPLIER H l002MC is a full-wafer bipolar circuit for high-speed sig-
>__,,
nal processing and digital filtering applications . It will operate
...;:)
at a rate of 8 million multiplications of two 8-bit words plus
sign / per second. Hughes Microelectronics.
Circle Reader Service #34
Circle Reader Service #281
66
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
---
+ A full-function
digital multimeter
A lab-quality digital AC voltmeter
. . . both for $595
HP's new 3469A gives you a general- the higher ranges (1000. to 10 MO.), you get a br ight , ultra-reliable ,
purpose digital multimeter plus a lab- accuracy is ± 0.3% reading ± 0.2% shaped-character GaAsP display,
quality digital AC voltmeter-for the range. The 3469A also gives you five that's easier to read than tubes or
price of the AC voltmeter alone. Now, DC voltage ranges (100 mV to 1000 V) bar-segment numerals.
you don't have to buy two (or more) and six DC ampere ranges (1 µA to
Compare the 3469A's specs with
instruments to get the capabilities 100 mA) , with accuracy of ± 0.2% any other meter's - and you ' ll agree
you need-or compromise on quality read ing ± 0.2% range or better, de- that there's no better value, at any
to stay within your budget.
pending on range.
price. For further information on the
As a general-purpose multimeter,
As an AC voltmeter, the 3469A is 3469A, contact your local HP field
the 3469A gives you exceptional
capabilities. Its 1n range lets you
unmatched at any price. You get seven voltage scales , ranging from
engineer, or write Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto , Cal iforn ia 94304. In Europe :
measure low-resistance components 1000 V full-scale down to 1 mV full- 1217 Meyrin-Geneva, Switzerland.
and even contact resistances of a few milliohms, with an accuracy of
scale-100 times the sensitivity of other digital meters. You also get a
091 / 16
± 0.25% reading ± 0.5% range. To make the low range easily useable,
10 MHz bandwidth capability-100 times greater than other digital mul -
HEWLETT~ PACKARD
a unique offset adjustment lets you timeters-with a basic accuracy of
compensate for lead resistance . In ±0.3% reading ± 0.3% range. And DIGITAL VOLTMETERS
I
T HE ELECTRO NIC ENGI NEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service #35
67
NOW AVAILABLE ... A
TRIMMER THAT
OUTPERFORMS ALL
OTHERS ... AND AT
LESS COST (In small OEM quantities!)
COMPARE THESE TEST RESULTS OF OUR MODEL 1203:
VISHAY TRIMMERS HAVE BETTER
TEMPCO
20
ppm/°C
---~:;IMli~--"V;;;I S HA Y
: 20 PPM/ °C
WIREWOU ND 50 PPM /° C
55°C
25° C
CERMET ' 100 PPM /°C 150° C
VISHAY TRIMMERS HAVE THE LOWEST
NOISE
20n
ENR
CER MET 3%
w
V)
0 z
f'.A.........l\..A._,_,...A.l\.AJl...J WI REWOU ND 50n
I:::::= ===== VISHAY 20n
WIPER TRAVEL
VISHAY TRIMMERS
HAVE THE BEST
RESOLUTION
::
uwz
<t
.05% t;; :fl "'
SETABILITY
VISHAY TRIMMERS HAVE THE BEST
LOAD LIFE
1%
/ - · : - · - - - - --: CERMET 3%
C:
~
~ ; '
..... ... ......... .. . .... WIRE WOUND 2%
: --- ,,,-...
~
;: I ,'
V) · ,
'VISHAY 1%
v; ' /
~ /
: I
I I
HOUR S
2000
Add itiona r Information: Request Bulletin TR103
®
VISHAY RESISTOR PRODUCTS A DIVISION OF VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY. INC 63 LI NCO L N HIGHWAY · MALVERN, PENNA. 19355 T ELEPHONE : ( 21 5 ) 644 -1 300 · TWX : 510· 668 - 8944
PRECISION RESIS TOR S · NETWORKS · DECADE BOXES · TRIMMERS Circle Reader Service #36
68
MICJD/\0-<LD
SOS TRANSISTOR The LO I is a qu ad tra nsistor a rray designed for voltage
matchin g a nd swit chin g cha racteristics with application s in li nea r rf a mplifi ers, tetrodes a nd mi xe rs. ln selek .
Circle Reader Service #282
VOLTAGE REGULATORS The 7800 se ri es provi des seven reg ul a ted vo ltages: 5, 6, 8,
12, 15, 18 and 24 V. Output vo ltage tolera nce is ± 5%, a nd the uni ts provide 0.0 1%/ V line reg ul a ti on a nd 30 m il output im peda nce for load reg ul a t ion. Fa irchild Se mico nductor.
Circle Reader Service #283
40 -300 MHz AMPLIFIER CA60 I has - 66 d B int i:: rm udul a ti un di storti o n, a ty pical
ga in of 30 dB a nd ±0.5 dB res ponse fl a tn ess ove r th e o pe ra tin g ra nge. TRW Semiconductor.
Circle Reader Service #284
MOD ULA R M OS MEMORY SY STEM Designed for m ain me m or ies a nd bulk storage, th e in - I0
system has a max. cycle t im e of 450 ns a nd a m a x. access o f 325 ns. Intel.
Circle Reader Service #285
ELEV EN B IT D/ A M odel 848 is a co mp lete binary conve rt e r, fea t ur in g a 4.0
V/u s min . slew rate . He li po l Di v. of Bec km a n.
Circle Reader Service #286
A CAMBION® Double " 00" Product Line When your design calls for handles, standoffs, solder terminals, spacers, insulated terminals, battery holders, and basic hardware, it's nice to know there's a source that believes in quality - CAMBION . And it's also nice to know that you can get CAMBION quality in quantity. That's the CAMBION Double "Q" approach . CAMBION puts the extra finish on handles , precise plating on significant surfaces of termi na ls, and long-life in plugs and jacks for almost infinite cycling. The quality stands up as the quantity goes on. All CAMBIONhardware items are available " off-the-shelf .'' Try the CAMBION Double " Q" approach. Tell us of your needs and we'll supply a jumbo catalog, No. 747 , full of answers. Cambridge Thermionic Corporation, 445 Concord Avenue, Cambridge, Mass. 02138. In Los Angeles, 8703 LaTijera Blvd.
There's plenty more where these come fi'om.
Circle Reader Service #60 T HE ELECTRO NI C ENGINEER · Feb . 1972
:w
RT-01.The data entry terminal you didn't think there was the remotest chance you could afford.
An RT-01 with a 16-character keyboard, numeric Nixie* readout, four status indicators to display non-numeric information . from your computer, Teletype and E IA serial line compatibility will only run you from $600 to $1000.
Or as little as $500 without the Nixie display. Chickenfeed.
So now, if you're a big opera-
tion, you can have an RT-01 here, an RT-01 there, an RT-01 everywhere you've ever wanted one.
Ifyou're little, you can have one at last.
We've got a booklet that'll tell you all about it that you can write for.
Or, if you're in as big a hurry as we hope you are, we've got a
Circle Reader Service #37
good egg who'll be happy to run right over and explain it to you.
We're the Logic Products Group, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754. (617) 897-5111.
~n~nomn
*Registt·rc._'< l t rad e ma rk of Bu tT0 11g- h s Co q Jo ra lio n
L/£ /f\BIRJMENT0
put backbone
in your housings and sell in your machines
First impressions often influence final decisions and acceptance. Even sophisticated machinery cries out for housing design that says ... beauty purpose . .. versatility. And nothing says it better than unique Met-L-Wood® panels. They have the solid feel and characteristics of steel plate without the weight, and the beautiful, durable surface to help the machine sell itself.
Met-L-Wood panels are fast and easy to assemble ... almost impossible to damage . ..
add more sales appeal than any i·-, ,..----- _
other material you can use. GetA .$!.S...:..:.:..:......, ·
complete information. Send for Bulletin 661 today: MET-L-WOOD CORPORATION, 6755 West 65th Street, Chicago , Ill. 60638
Circle Reader Service #38 70
MOS/ LSI TEST SYSTEM The S-31 60 performs pa rametri c, fun cti o na l a nd dy na mic
tes ts on a ll types o f MOS a nd bipo la r shift reg iste rs, RAMS, ROMS, and complex logi c a rray s. Devices with up to 64 pin s may be tes ted with input-o utput fac ilities a t each pin . Devices with up to 128 pin s m ay be tes ted by splittin g th e input-o utput co nn ecti o ns. The sys te m is co ntroll ed by a D EC PDP- I I a nd memo ry in cludes a n 8-k co re and a 65 -k d isc. S ta nd a rd periph erals a re a T e ktroni x G ra phic Co mput er Terminal a nd a Remex hi gh-s peed pa pe r ta pe read e r/ pun ch. Te ktro ni x, In c., Box 500, Beave rt o n, Ore . 97005.
Circle Reader Service #290
PORTABLE DIGITAL MULTIMETER M odel 4440 di g ita l multim eter fea tures 17 ran ges a t 3 1/2-
di git reso luti on a nd we ighs less th an 2 1/2 lbs. Des igned spec ifica ll y fo r fi eld use . it ca n o pe rate co ntinu o usly fo r 8 to 12 hrs on four rec ha rgea bl e C ce ll s. Spec ia l fea tures in clude LE D read out s des igned spec ifica ll y fo r th e unit, a du a l slo pe hi gh impedan ce bipo la r AID co nverter , a sin g le MOS LS I plu g-in chip for all o f the logic circuitr y, a uto po la rity , automatic bl ankin g o f unu sed dig its a nd co mpl ete ove rl oad protec ti o n with spa re fu ses . Wes to n In strum e nts Di v., 6 14 F re lin ghu yse n Ave., Newa rk , N .J . 97 11 4.
Circle Reader Service #291
250-MHz PULSE GENERATOR M odel 122 A has a pul se re petiti o n frequ ency fr o m 3 kH z
to 250 MH z, pul se a mplitudes fro m ± 25 0 mV to 5 V into
50 n, t ra nsiti on tim es o f < I ns a nd a n un a tte nuated baseline
offse t o f 0 to ± 2.5 V un a ffec ted by a ttenu a to r o r a mplitude co nt ro ls. It is a pplica bl e to tes tin g fas t 1c logic, fo r co mputer des ign and pro du cti on tes t ing, fo r d eve lo pme nt a nd produ cti on tes ti ng of fas t t ra nsisto rs a nd di odes, a nd fo r nu clear instrum ent tes ti ng a nd m a inte na nce. E- H Resea rch La boratories, In c., Box 1289, O a kl a nd , Ca lif. 94604.
Circle Reader Service #292
MULTICHANNEL THERMAL RECORDER Thi s multi cha nn e l th erm a l writin g reco rd e r uses Z- fo ld
reco rd ing pape r in stead of ro lled ch a rt pa pe r. Th e M od e l 74 14A is a 4-ch a nn el oscill og ra phic reco rd e r using a hot-tip stylus . The therm a l writin g tip has a long life and writin g is rectilin ea r. A closed-l oop, pen pos iti on feedbac k sys tem results in 99.5 % tra ce linea rit y. Inquiries M a nage r, Hewl ett Pac ka rd Co., 1601 Ca lifornia A ve., P a lo Alt o, C a lif. 94304 .
Circle Reader Service #293
CIRCUIT BOARD TEST SYSTEM The LI 00 se ri es o f tes t system s p rov ide fun ct io na l a nd
parametric test capa bilities and an alphanumeric display that prese nts tes t res ults in pl a in English for co nve ni e nt troubl eshoo ting . It ca n be used to test a wide ran ge o f ca rd s, modules, a nd o th e r assemblies co nt a inin g EC L, TT L, DTL, RT L, MOS and di screte logic, as we ll as circuits co nta ining co m b in ati o ns of th ese types. T erad yne, Inc ., 183 Essex St. , Bosto n, M ass.
Circle Reader Service #294 THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
ANOTHER MYTH DESTROYED.
Myth: National doesn't make FET op amps. And, even if they
did, they probably wouldn't be as good as bipolar devices. And, besides, everybody knows that FET op amps have lousy offset voltage and drift specs. And, FETop amps are too expensive. And, anyway, why
not just go to a module house in the first place...
Fact:
National does make FET op amps. A "family" of five devices, to be exact. Including the super precise new LH0052 (with an offset voltage of O.lmV, an offset voltage drift of just 5µV/°C , and bias current of less than lpA); the LH0022 (high performance good general purpose FETop amp); the LH0042 (lowest cost FETop amp on the market with even better performance than cheap module designs); the LH0033 (at 1500V/µS, the fastest voltage follower available anywhere); the LH0032 (a 500V/µS device); and coming soon: The preciseand-speedy new LH0062 (slew rate, 80V/µS; bandwidth, 15MHz; settling rate, 800nS). Significantly, each of the above was designed and manufactured completely in-house using a special chip construction technique combining the best of J-FET and bipolar technologies. All of which goes to show that FET op amps are, indeed, alive and well at National Semiconductor Corporation, 2900 Semiconductor Drive, Santa Clara, California 95051. Phone (408) 732-5000. TWX: (910) 339-9240.
Cable: NATSEMICON.
NATIONAL.
THE ELECTRONIC ENGI NEER · Feb. 1972
Circle Reader Service #39
71
NEWRDlGT0 =----
D[f0[Ji]~(fil~~
MAGNETIC RELAY
With
.custom Features
· Low Thermal EMF · t5·60db Isolation
· :~ocwapCsuolnatatecdt BCoo~fce
' urcated Contacts
At No Extra Cost!
Plugs into your PC board . .. mates with plated conductors
The unique design concept of the Prin-
Available with 6, 12 or 24 VOC coils (0 .5
tact magnetic latching and non-latching re- watt G series , 1.0 watt LO series} in 2, 3 and
lays provides < 5.0J.Jv thermal EMF, 45-65 db 4 pole configuration . Series break swingers
cross talk isolation, < 0.5ms contact bounce permit each pair of fixed contacts to be
and other custom features as standard at no etc hed with common (Form C} or isolated
extra cost. Th e single moving part is the piv- (Form A plus Form B} switching between oting armature with series break contacts make and break circuits.
held by a permanent magnet el iminating
Send for catalog, 2X and 4X artwork
return springs, mechanical linkage and pig- stick-on contact patterns and Technical Notes
tail connections thus assuring reliable per- PR262-0 , which assist in simplifying PC board
formance for many millions of cycles.
artwork, fabrication and proc ureme nt.
For a sample and /o r data , write or call 212-EX 2-4800
Printact Re lay Divisi on , Execu tone, Inc., Box 1430EE Long Island Ci ty, N. Y. 11101
Circle FJ eader Service #40
thi
for economy
Save when you buy it. Save w hen you use it. Today 's best flat cable value brings neatness and accuracy to every application. Fast, easy handling cuts your production costs, increases system quality.
WOUED ELECTRODICS
A DIVISION OF SOUTHE RN WEAVING COMPANY
P.O. Box 189, Mauldin, S.C. 29662, (803) 288 -4411
Circlt1 Reader Service #42 72
SOLI D-STAT E LAMP
Type OSL-4 Solid-Lite® red lightemitting semiconductor lamp uses efficient electroluminescence from gallium phosphide diodes and a reflector technique for high forward brightness. It produces 2.7 med at only 15 mA drive current. Opcoa, Inc., 330 Talmadge Rd ., Edison , N .J . 08817.
Circle Reader Service #295
POWE R T RAN SISTOR The RCA -2N5919A is a 16-W 400-
M Hz transistor for micro-stripline and lumped-constant circuits. It is unilaterally interchangeable with the 2N59 l9; both are epitaxial Si npn planar devices with overlay emitter-electrode construction . However, the 2N5919A uses integral emitter ballasting to provide stabilization . RCA Solid State Div ., Box 3200, Somerville, N.J. 08876.
Circle Reader Service #296
HEXIDECIMAL DISPLAY MA 1002 is a hexidec imal LED a rra y
capable of displaying the numbers 0 through 9 as well as 14 distinct letters . Its unambiguou s dis play and its compatibility with standard digital 1c's suit it for use as a read o ut in computer peripheral equipment , as a cockpit display in aircraft and as a standard digital readout. Monsanto Commercial Products Co., 10131 Bubb Rd ., Cupertino, Calif. 95014.
Circle Reader Service #297
---DELAY LINES Miniature tapped lumped constant delay lines, Type 60Z, have a characteristic impedance of I00 fl and are available as std . parts with 50, 100 or 150 ns total delay . Sprague Electric Co ., 615 Marshall St., No. Adams, Mass. 01247 .
Circle Reader Service #298
EMl/RFI FILTERS The 8000 series line of filters are spe-
cifically designed for data processing units and systems. They have insertion loss ratings of 20, 40 or 60 dB at 150 kH z. USCC/Centralab, 2151 N. Lincoln St., Burbank, Calif. 91505 .
Circle Reader Service #299
RESISTANC E BR IDGE
SOLI D-STATE RELAYS
These relays provide constant operation within their rated parameters when used with all types of loads. Resistive, inductive, motor and lamp type loads demanding from v.i to 6 A, 120 Yac, can be switched with control voltages as low as 4 .5 Ydc. Grayhill, Inc. , 535 Hillgrove Ave., La Grange, Ill. 60525 .
Circle Reader Service #30 3
FET AMPLIFIERS
Two new FET-input amplifiers, Models ZA903M2 ($45.00) and ZA903MI ($35.00) offer low drift of I µ V/ °C and 3 µ V/°C over 0° to 60°C operating temp. range. Also a new circuit design prevents changes in TC when making offset adjustments. Delivery from stock. Zeltex, Inc., 1000 Chalomar Rd., Concord, Calif. 94520.
C ircl e Reader Service #304
-
You can use the Model 1104 resistance bridge for accurately measuring ohmic value of resistors . Utilizing a basic 4-terminal Kelvin bridge and powered by an internal mercury cell, the 16 1/8 x 3 Y<i x 4 1/.i in . module is self-contained and fully portable . Vishay Intertechnology , Inc. , 63 Lincoln Hwy, Malvern, Pa . 19355 .
C ir cle Reader Ser vice #300
R&P CONNECTORS
_ ....,,..,IM _
These rectangular rack-and-panel connectors have circular spring-type socket contacts for high contact pressure, low contact resistance and firm wiping action . Series 126 connectors provide I0, 16, 28 or 34 contact positions. Amphenol Industrial Div., 1830 S. 54th Ave ., Chicago, Ill. 60650.
C ir cle Reader Service #301
SILICON DIODE At a forward current of I mA, the
junction voltage of this new Schottky diode (Type 5082-2835) is only 340 mA . This co mpares with 700 mV for norm al silicon pn junction diodes and 410 mV for earlier H-P Schottky-barrier diodes, and is comparable t o germanium diodes. However, it has much better temp . characteristics (operating· range :
- 55 ° to + l 25 °C) than germanium
diodes . Hewlett-Packard Co ., 1601 California Ave ., Palo Alto, Calif. 94304.
Circl e R eader Service #30 2
Got Reject-itis
from your tying operation?
Are you suffering through an extra amount of rejects? Things popping loose- work losing its shape after it comes off the board-vibration and heat causing havoc - systems and tools that tear up hands and tempers-that add too much weight and cost to the finished product? Tapes and that can't handle fungus or chemicals refuse to hold a knot .. . ? ? ?
Want a better system?
TALK TO GUDEBROD!
Write to this address Now for prompt return of our Product Data Catalog
Gfeclronic" '2Jivi"ion
Dept. 522
~udebrod Bros. Silk Co., Inc. 12 South 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Circle Reader Service #43
73
Circle Reader Service #44
74
GaAsLite products Hot off the press is Monsanto's 1972
directory of GaAsLite products which describes their complete line of optoelectronic devices. With the aid of the directory you should be able to meet any requirement you have for visible and in-
A
Fl~/8
.EO C
D .P.
0
frared light-emitting diodes, LED panel
indicators, display units, and modules,
opto-isolators, and detectors. This one
is a must and it's available from Mon-
santo Co., 10131 Bubb Rd., Cupertino,
Calif. 95014.
Circle Reader Service #400
Delay line catalog In addition to the specs and product
descriptions given for a complete line of electromagnetic delay lines in this 20page cata log, yo u'll get a variety of extra source material. This includes standard definitions and measurements to applicable specifying data , and applications in data processing , sonar (AS w), traffic co ntrol systems, aerospace and missile industries, and more. ESC Electr o ni cs, 53 4 Bergen Blvd. , Palisades Park , N .J. 07650.
Circle Reader Service #401
Linear !Cs
Tl's complete line of linear 1cs is de-
scribed here- video amps , op amps ,
communications circuits, voltage com-
parators, line drivers and receivers, pe-
ripheral drivers, sense amplifiers, and
memory drivers. Plus you'll find such
V., ~ 5 V V,, V" · 16 V
,_'i'___'i' _,
I
I
I
m
INPUT
h SN75361
J0.2Q QHM EXTERNAL DAMPING RESISTOR
MOS
e.g. 1103 OYNAMIC RAM v__ 16 V, v,~ , GNO
DRIVE
MEMORY
MOS memory driver for the 1103 MOS RAM
parameters as input o ffset vo ltage, input
offset current, input bias current, and
slew rate for op amps, and schematics
and key parameters for all other linear
circuits. Texas Instruments In c., Box
50 12, MS /3 08 , Dallas, Tex. 75222.
Circle Reader Service #402
L TER!\TURE
Solderless terminal catalog Th oro ugh data on pre-ins ul ated ter-
minals and splices is given to you in this 28-page catalog. You'll find detai ls on the mated tool / terminal concept, their PIDG terminal, crimping, the selection of proper tooling, performance characteristics , Teflon in su lation, and specs for a variety of wire ranges. AMP Inc., Harrisburg, Pa. 17105 .
Circle Reader Service #403
Display / memor y units Inh erent memory, se lective write or
erase, design adaptability, rear projection, and hard copy potential are severa l of the features discussed in this brochure on Dig ivu c® disp lay / memory units. Applications in sys tems for providing direct readouts from digital computers and ot her keyboard opera ted equipment are covered, and there's a good discu ssio n of operating principles. Owens- Illinois Inc ., Box 1035, Toledo, Ohio 4 365 1.
Circle Reader Service #404
Computers and peripherals Here's a 26-page booklet that in-
troduces yo u to the Modcomp family general purpose 16-bit computers supported by six language processors and four operating systems along with a variety of measurement, control, and comm un ica ti ons subsystems. It gives you
Zero Supp 1ession 8:1 Range
12 Bit Integrating A-to -D Converter
fil.( ' '
Relay analog input subsystem
block di agrams fo r each of the comp ut ers, data processing peripherals, analog input subsystems, input/output interface subsystem, and communications multiplexers. Modular Computer Systems, 2709 N . Dixie Hwy. , Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 33308.
Circle Reader Service #405
Pure binary switch Data on this pure binary thumbwheel
switch explains how the switch automatically converts any decimal input from 0 to 99,999 to its binary eq ui va lent. You also receive details on function , a pplications, feat ures, complete specs, det a il drawings, photos, model descriptions, and installation data. The Digitra n Co., 855 S. Arroyo Pkwy., Pasadena, Calif.
Circle R eader Servic e #406
EE's 1971 editorial index Here's an index to a ll of the material
published in our magazine for the yea r 1971. You ' ll find it includes both a monthly and a subject index, and lists fea ture a rtic les, staff reports, c harts, major product features , and tc ideas. It 's great for locating material for your own articles and technical reports. For yo ur copy, send $1 to The Electronic Engineer, 1971 Editorial I ndex, On e Decker Sq., Bala-Cynwyd , Pa. 19004.
send for this
varflo sleeving
sample and treat it rough
vinyl-coated fiberglas sleeving for Class 130, Type 8, Category b applications
Now test vorflo yourself*
Put this sample through your own tests for
Meet both Class A and Class 8 needs at
dielectric strength, fle1tibillty, heat- and
the one low price! And save double be·
f/ame-resistance. Varllo will meet the most
cause Varflo has long shelf life, with no
andMIL~l-3190/:2:. ::~~~;.~~~:::::~· exactingspecifications.includingMil+21557
deterioration.
Vatil!!!. u~
W.CourtSlrMt Rome, New Vork 1M40
·additional samples on request.
WRITE TO :
VARFLEX CORPORATION
506 W . Co1,1rt Street
Rome, New York 13440
Circle Reader Service #45
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
· Now with more than 350 kits to save you money
· See the new Heathkit 3% digit multimeter for just 229.95*
A kit form multimeter that meets lab
specs for about half the cost of com-
parable wired units .. . has 31/2 digits
for 100 uV resolution on 200 mV
range, 1Von lOOOV ... can be cali-
brated to 0.2% accuracy voe with
calibrator provided, or lab calibrated to
0.1 % . There 's also a new 5" triggered sweep
scope at a price you can't afford to pass up
... OC-10 MHz response , 50 ns sweep rate
with magn ification, AC-DC coupling, 50 mV
sen sitivity, all for only 229 .95*. Not to
mention over 350 other fun-to-build, money
saving kits for every hobby and profes-
sional interest ... from test instruments,
marine and ham radio gear, to stereo-hi-ti
and color rv. The Heathkit catalog is bigger
& better than ever this year. Order yours now. [
J HEATHKIT
--, r ~E~~-c~~p~;v~ ;e;t~~~ - - - - - - - - - - 11u®M§M~
Benton Ha rbor, Michigan 49022
D Please send FREE Heathkit Catalog .
Name_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Address._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
City
State
ip_ __
Prices & speci fications subject to cha nge without notice.
L----------*M-a-il-o-rd-er-p-ri-ce-s;-F-.O-.B-. -fa-ct-or-y.-------T-E--2-56J Circle Reader Service #46
75
LITER!\TURE
MOUNTING PADS
for T0-18, T0-5, duals, integrated circuits, lead converters, lead spreaders . . . all are contained in Thermalloy's new catalog. Complete mechanical drawings, materials and specifications included.
Write today for free
samples and catalog
Circle Reader Service #47 76
P eripheral s a nd interfacing handbook Co mputer users will wa nt to send for
D EC's new ha ndboo k on peripherals a nd int e r fac in g. Th e 29 4-p age g uide covers the entire PDP- I I famil y system , descr ibin g sta nd a rd PDP- I I peripheral s an d o pera ti o ns a nd prov idin g deta ils o n int er fac in g to th e PDP- I I Un ibu s. Digita l Equipment Corp ., Mayna rd , Mass.
Circle Reader Service #407
Minicomputers So m e of th e fea tures di sc ussed in thi s
6- page d a ta no te in clude processo r power , memo ry power, 1 o power, system soft wa r e , m i n ico ntr o ll e r s, a nd d a t a processi ng pe riph era ls. Th e re's a pplica ti o n in fo rm at io n a nd ge neral desc ript io ns a nd ph o tos fo r each mem be r o f th e S PC -1 2 processo r fa mil y. Ge ner a l A ut o m a ti o n Inc. , 1055 S . East S t., A nahei m , Ca li f. 92805 .
Circle Reader Service #408
Mercury-wetted contact relays H e re 's th e la tes t info rm a tion o n
C la re's recently int rodu ced H C G hig hspeed , m e r c ur y- we tt ed relay. It 's 20 pages o f tec hni cal da ta th at co mes co m pkt e wi th photos , cha rt s, des ign in fo r-
-vz
v
·
By clamping reverse coil voltage,
relays will operate to 250 Hz.
mati o n fo r pin spac in g, ex tern al dim ensio ns, schem ati cs, a nd a va il a ble co nt ac t fo rm s. A nd yo u' re g iven a pplica ti o n in fo rm a ti o n as well . C. P . Cl a re & Co. , 3 101 Pratt A ve., C hi cago, Ill. 60645.
Circle Reader Service #409
The PRAM n 1 is ... a n o p a mp th a t lets yo u di gita lly
prog ram o ne of th e fo ur input stages co nn ec ted in para ll el to a co mm o n output st age . Th is 18- page a ppli ca ti o n boo kl e t sho ws yo u how to use th e PR AM c ir cuit in 14 differe nt a pplica ti o ns. And fo r th ose o f yo u who like a cha ll enge now a nd th en, th e boo kl et gives yo u a few hints o n ada ptin g th e PRAM to a num ber o f oth er circ uits. For yo ur co py, writ e o n co mpan y letterh ead to Harri s Se m ico ndu c to r, Box 883, Me lbo urn e, Fla. 32901. Attn: John Corser.
AND THE CATALOG IS YOURS
FOR THE ASKING
Picture a complet e
concise compos ite
ca t alog of over 800
off-the-shelf capac-
itors , over 1200
variations includ-
.
~ ing some weird
~_...,.,.~;~ and unusual units .
If what you need isn't there, then drop us a line, or give us a call , we 'll custom design a capacitor for your circuit, and in most cases there is no charge for customizing . But check the catalog first, what you need may be there and ready for immediate shipment.
TO GET YOUR CATALOG, JUST DROP US A LINE.
condense<
~
Box 997, Brooksville, Florida 33512 Phone (904) 796-3562
Circle Reader Service #48
Circuit Savers
"'\...:..:..-.
A~ / l ~~ ,k~;,l
DC CROWBARS
~~
Here 's po si tive burn out protection for your ICs , transistors , ;/ power supplie s and PC cards . / LVC -1 DC Overvoltage Crowbar mounts in your equ ipm ent like any mini component, switches t o short circuit wh en voltage on supply bus exc eed s specified level, resets automa ti ca lly when power source is remo ved . Trip levels 2.5 to 600V, current to 2 3 5A, reaction time less than 3 usec, MIL temperature ran ge. For specs, applic ati o n d at a, prices, request Bull etin l OA.
Full line of protection modules for every hi-lo voltage/current require· ment. Write or call '.or data .
279 Skidmore Rd ., Deer Pa rk , N. Y. 11729 Telephone: 516·586 -5125
MCG Electronics Circle Reader Service #49
LITER/\TURE
Core memory products Described in this short form catalog
are complete lines of cores, stacks, and
LOW
systems. The cores and stacks come in a wide range of sizes, while memory systems range in size from minicomputers
PRICE
All plug-in panels are not the same.
to large core stores. Ask for the catalog for more details from Data Products Corp., 62 19 De Soto Ave ., Woodland
It's one thing to want plug-in flexibility in your circuit. It's another to get flexibility plus all the other things you'd like in a dependable point-to-point system.
Like easier IC insertion. Precision-machined contacts. Tighter contact retention. Greater reliability
Hills, Ca li f. 91364. Circle Reader Service #410
Mainframe core memory You can replace your present IBM
System / 360 mainframe memory with this one from Ampex, keep your throughput levels, and save. This brochure will show you how. Operation data and specs are included. Ampex Corp., 401 Broadway, Redwood City, Calif. 94063.
Circle Reader Service #411
(we'll prove it). Unique tapered entry sockets (patent pending). Lower profile. Plus the versatility to accept 14, 16, 18, 24, 28, 36 or 40 pin
Time delay relays handbook You ' il find this 92-page handb ook
most helpful for specifying a time delay for a specific app lication. It contains a glossary of terms, pr inciples of oper-
Thermostatic DELAY RELAYS
IC's in a choice of panel sizes. And we offer virtually any
ation , lots of application information,
Offer true hermetic sealing ... Assure maximum stability and life.
panel you'll need, in any
Delays: 2 to 180 seconds*
number of patterns, planemounted or edge-connected, off the shelf or custom.
We'll also give you singlesource supply for sockets, enclosures and accessories even automatic wire wrapping whenever you need it.
The Augat way? It's a better way. Call us at (617) 222-2202. Or write for our catalog. Augat Inc., 30 Perry Ave., Attleboro, Mass. 02703. Our represen-
and specifying and testing data. And many new products have been added to the revised edition of this popular handbook. Magnecraft Electric Co., 5575 N . Lynch Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60630.
Circle Reader Service #412
Actuated by a heater, they operate on A.C. , D.C., or Pulsating Current ... Being hermetically sealed, they are not affected by altitude, moisture, or cli· mate changes ... SPST only - normally open or normally closed ... Compensated for ambient tern·
perature changes from -55° to +80°C.... Heat-
ers consume approximately 2 W. and may be operated continuously. The units are rugged, explosionproof, long-lived, and inexpensive! TYPES: Standard Radio Octal and 9·Pin Miniature.
List Price, $4.00 *Miniatures Delays: 2 to 120 seconds.
All Amperite Delay Relays are recognized under component program of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.
for all voltages up to and including 115V.
PROBLEM? Send for Bulletin No. TR-81 .
AMPERITE
tation and distribution is
This is the time
BALLAST REGULATORS
nationwide and
... for all engineers who use good in-
in tern a tional.
\
struments to make sure they get the 1972 Hewlett-P ac kard Catalog. lt"s 416 pages of data on more than 800 in-
struments, systems, and accessories. If
yo u got a copy last year, be sure to fill
in the reservation certificate HP sent
yo u. If you didn't get that certificate,
yo u can get your copy by writing on
company letterhead to Robert L. Boni-
face , V-P Marketing, Hewlett-Packard
Plug into Augat" instead.
Circle Reader Service #50
Co., 160 I California Ave., Palo Alto, Calif. 94304.
Circle Reader Service #51
77
One pulse generator, the new DOD Model 5101, produces pulse rates from 1 Hz to 50 MHz and includes features only found in much more expensive equipment. For example: Single or double pulse output, special integrated circuit output, 10 ns to 1 second pulse width, 10 ns to 1 second pulse delay with short circuit proof, current output having 3 ns rise (and fall) time.
Send for complete specifications, or call us collect and ask for an in-plant demonstration.
ID IDID IOATA DYNAMICS DIVISION
240 HUMPHREY STREET, ENGLEWOOD. N. J. 07631 · (201) 567-5300
Circle Reader Service #52
Antenna selection guide Sponsored by Wat k ins-Jo h nso n . this an t e n na se lec ti o n
gui d e will be a use ful (a nd co lo r fu l) a ddi ti o n t o you r o ffice. It prov id es tec h n ica l d eta ils as well as illu st rat io ns for nea rl y a doze n pa ttern types (omn idi rec t io na l. iso t rop ic. bi-direc ti o na l, un i-direct io na l. e tc.). Al so . th e re's a s pec trum of a nt e nn a fr e q ue ncy ra nges a nd a good di sc uss io n o f th e c ha ra cte ri sti cs a nd m a tc hin g o f a nt e nn as. Yo u pro ba bl y sa w thi s co lo r ful \1a ll cha rt in the S ep te mbe r iss ue o f The Electronic Engineer , but if yo u'd like anot her co py j ust
Circle Reader Service #413
Flexible circuitry wall chart A ha nd y g uid e to ne xibl e c i(c uits is th e wa ll c ha rt th a t a p-
pea red in t he Oc to be r iss ue o f The Electronic Engineer. Yo u' ll fi nd br ief rev iews o f d es ign a nd layo ut fac to rs (s uch as c urre nt or vo ltage d rop. capac it a nce, be nd s a nd fo ld s. te rmin a l ba ring . and te rmi na l cons t r uct ion) a nd the prope rt ies of condu ct o r m eta ls. Plu s th ere's a co ndu cto r no m ogra ph a nd g ra ph s th a t illu st ra te c urr e nt a nd te mpe r a tur e, imped a nce a nd ca pac it y. Th e cha rt is s po nso red by S a nd e r s Assoc. Fo r yo ur fr ee co py
Circle Reader Service #414
Guide to microwa1·e semiconductor power generators
Thi s Va ri a n- sponso red wa ll c ha rt m a d e it s d eb ut in th e N o-
ve mbe r iss ues of The Electronic Engineer a nd Electro nic Com-
ponent ~ews . A la rge g rap h illus tra tes po wer o utpu t ( W ), o ut -
put leve l (+d Bm ). a nd effi c ie ncy a t va ri o us fre qu e nc ies.
Th e re's a d isc uss io n o f th e d ev ices a nd ho w th ey o pera te a nd
g raph s illu str a tin g th e re presenta ti ve char acte ri sti cs o f co m-
me rc ia ll y avai la ble di od es and pac kaged osc ill a to rs. And
th ere's a s m a ll ch a rt o n o ld a nd ne w ba nd limits. A s k fo r yo ur
free co py.
Circle Reader Service #415
convert to
C·A·S·H
Mew low-cost
thumbwheel
switch kit ···
mounts
directly
to your
PC board!
Circle Reader Service #53 78
EECO's 8000-series rotary switches let
you incorporate the stator (switching
pattern) as part of your board circuitry.
You save on assembly time , save on
interconnect wiring, save on switch
mounting hardware. And you save on part
cost: price of each kit is around $2 .00 , in
production quantities. Options include six colors, extra-wide and thin widths, lighted face, and single or double mounting . Paliney brushes provide a service life of over 1,000,000 detent operations.
FreeKit e' If you use PC boards and
rotary switches - or plan to you need our Series-8000. Just
'"'"'". . . . ,. . . .~..,... " " I ~. circle reader number. We'll rush you@
~
,
, ·
~ ~
9OI'·~a'·'·
,
,
g
Electronic Products Division Electronic Engineering Company of California 1441 East Chestnut Avenue , Santa Ana, California 92701
Telephone : (714) 547-5651
Circle Reader Service #54
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
THE ELECTRONIC
ENGINEER
Advertisers-February 1972
No liability is assumed for errors or omissions. This Index is published for a convenience .
DISTRICT SALES MANAGERS
EDWARD G. SHAUD BALA·CY NWYD. (Pa.) 19004
One Decker Square (Area Code 2 15) SHerwood B-2000
JOSEPH DRUCKER NE W YORK 1001 6-600 Third Ave.
(Area Code 2 12) OX!ord 7-3 400
JOHN W. BERNHARDT CH ICAGO 60606- 120 S. Riverside
Pl aza (Area Code 3 12) 7B2· 1400
G. T . ALFANO NEEDHAM HEIGHTS, MASS. 02 194 -
570 Hillside Ave . (Area Code 617) 444-0010
TERRENCE D. BUCKLEY THOMAS R. BORIS
LOS ANGELES 90020-3727 W. Sixth St. # 202
(Area Code 2 13) DUnkirk 7-127 1
RALPH PETERSEN LO S ALTOS (San Fran cisco) 9402 2
199 First St., Roo m 335 (Area Code 415 ) 94 1-66 55
RICHARD DUH CLE VE L AND 44114 - 601 Rockwell Ave.
(Area Code 216) SUperior 1·2B60
NEWTON B. COLLINSON AT LANTA 30309- 1776 Peachtree St.
N .W. (Area Code 404) 872-472 3
MILES G. THORNTON, JR . DALLAS 75206- Meadows Bldg.
Expressway at Milton (Area Code 214) EM erwn 3-6426
HAROLD E. MOTT R. DENT SHILLINGLAW
Houston 77027 4151 Southwest Freeway
Suite 735 (Area Code 7 13) 62 1-7 550
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS OFFICES
London. SW1 Y 6PB 67 -68 Jermyn SL St 01 -839 6318 -9 Cables
James·s
M ax F. Holsinge1 Dir European Sales K. J . Hendry. S. K. Elliott WHIP. LO NDON S. W . 1
Manchester M 22 5 RO . Ha·etop, Wythenshawe Civic Centre
. D. I. Gou lden 061 -43 7 3293
4 Dusseldorf- Nord .. Eitelstrasse 32 Ousseldorf 652031 -2 Cables
E. Hillerbrand A. Schomburg. H. Haibt
WHIP. OUSSELOORF
75 Paris Be ... 70 rue de Ponthieu Paris 359 65- 77 Cables
S. Brow n-Joussard J .-C. Lamoine
Ull P. PAR IS BE
Tokyo ..
.......... C. T. Sakagu chi
Room 814. l ogin Bldg.. M arunouchi
CPO Box No 1572
Tel : 21 1-3506-3 509
Cables
CLAAENCESAKA TOKYO
BUSINESS STAFF
BERNARD M. GITTELMAN Pub l ish er
DENNIS J. PERKINS Promo tion Manager
LOU IS L. MAR IN ES Marlceting Services Manager
K. A. MARTINI B. A. TATUM
Advertising Production
WILLIAM HOWAT Circulation Director
DAVID G. ELY Circulation Manager
JOSEPH P. BABCOCK Reader Service Manager
JOHN H. KOFRON Chilton Research Services
C. R. WILHIDE WaYJington Vice-President
AMF , INC., POTTER & BRUMFIELD ........
.24, 25
Fuller & Smith & Ross . Inc.
AMP , INC.... .......... ...................
.. ...... 26
Aitkin -Ky nett Co .. In c.
AMPERITE CO.. ......
....... 77
H. J . Gold Co.
AUGAT .......... ...... .................... ........... ............ ....... ....... 77
Creamer. Trowbridge, Case & Basford. Inc.
AUTOTRON, INC................ ... .................... .. ........ ....... .. 80
Allbright Assoc.
BUSSCO ENGINEERING, INC ..... ................................. 30 T. F. Murray & Assoc .. Inc.
BUSSMANN MFG. DIV. McGraw-Edison Co. ..... ............ .......... .. DC-8, DC-9
Henders on Adv . Co.
KEPCO , INC.. Wei ss Adv .
..................... ··· ········ ··· ··· ··· ··· 6
MCG ELECTRONICS ................... ....................... ..... ...... 76 Dunwoodie Adv .
MAGNECRAFT ELECTRIC CO. ... .................... ..... ...... ... Marketron ics. In c.
MALLORY CAPACITOR CO................... ....... ....... .... OC -14 Aitkin- Ky nett Co .. Inc.
MET·L·WOOO CORP..................................... .... ... ....... 70 Drew & Carr. Inc.
MICRO SWITCH ............................. .......... ....... .............. 29 N. W. Ayer & Son. Inc.
MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTOR PROTS., INC.. ..... ...... 7 E. B. Lane & Assoc .. In c.
CEA, a Div. of Berkleonics, Inc ......... .... .. ... ...... ....... DC·ll
Jansson Adv., Inc.
CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS CO......... ... ..................... 74
Robert A. Beaudette
COMMUNICATIONS TRANSISTOR
CORP... ......... ...................... ..................DC·l6A·DC·l6H
Hal l Butler Blatherwi c k, Inc.
COMPUTER AUTOMATION, INC.
................. 10, 11
Cochrane Chase & Co .. Inc .
CONDENSER PRODUCTS CORP......... .. .. ................... . 76
MacMahon Sandhaus & Spear. Inc.
DATA DYNAMICS DIV.................................................. 78
Tek -Mark . Inc.
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. ............
53
Creamer. Trowbridge, Case & Basford . Inc.
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. .. ................................ 69
Kalb & Schneider, Inc.
NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR . .................... ........ ...... . 71 Chiat/Day . Inc.
POTTER & BRUMFIELD, AMF , INC.... .. ...................24, 25 Ful ler & Smi t h & Ross. Inc.
POWERTEC, INC.. .... ... ............ ... ...... . ......... ........... ....... 14 Warr en C. Wilson & Assoc.
RCA , Solid State Division ......... ........ ............ .... ..... ...... BC Al Paul Lefton Co .. Inc.
RAYTHEON CO. ................ ....... .. ....... ...... ..... . ............. OC -3 Pr ovandie Eastwood & Lombardi. In c.
EECO (Electronic Engineering Co. of Calif. ) ........ ... .... 66 Marketing Communications Ass oc.
EECO (Electronic Engineering Co. of Calif.) ...... ....... .. 78 The Robertson Co.
EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO.......... ....................... .......... .. 80 Walter S. Chittick Co .. Inc .
ELCO CORP. .. ................. ...... ................ ....... .................. IFC Mort Barish Assoc.. Inc.
ELECTRO MOTIVE .... ... ........... ...... ... ............................ 2 Culver Adv .. Inc.
EXECUTONE, INC., Printact Relay Div.. ........ ........... ... 72
J. A. Richa rds
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR .......... ............ .. .... .......4, 5 Ca rson/ Roberts/ In c.
GRAYHILL, INC...... ............................................
30
Carr Liggett Adv .. Inc.
GUDEBROO BROS. SILK CO........................... .......... ... 73
Coastline Adv .
A. W. HAYDON CO. .............................. .......... .............. . 49 J. B. Rundl e Adv.
HEATH COMPANY ............... ................ .. .. ... ... ............ ... 75 Advance Adv. Service
HEWLETT·PACKARO, LOVELAND ........ .. ....... ............... 67 Tallant/ Yates Adv .. Inc.
HEWLETT-PACKARD, San Diego ................. ......... ....... 64 Phillips Ramsey Adv .
ITT CANNON .............................. ..............................54, 55 O' Arcy -Macmanus- lnterm arco. Inc.
INOUSTRIE BITOSSI s.a.s............................................ 80 INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS CORP... ......... OC·4
Industrial Adv . Services. Inc. INTERS IL .... .. ..... ........... ..................... .................. .....62, 63
Jac k Herric k Adv .. lnc. INTERSTATE ELECTRONICS CORP. .................. .... ...... 32
Leland Oliver Co .. Inc.
SCANBE ................. .............. ........ .......... .................. DC -16 Warr en C. Wils on & Assoc.
SPERRY Info. Displays Div..... .... ............................... .. IBC N. A. Winter Adv .
STANDARD LOGIC, INC .............. ................................. 78 B~ Advertising
SOLITRON DEVICES , INC...... ..... .............. ........ ..... .. .... 61 Tob ias Ass oc .. Inc.
TEAC .......................................... .... ... ........ .. .. ....... ......... 50 Buxt on Adv.
TELEDYNE PHILBRICK ............ ........ ............................. 9 Ingalls Assoc., Inc.
THERMALLOY CO............... .............. .. .......................... 76 Ph illips. In c.
USCC/ CENTRALAB .... .... ..... ......................................... 15 Br ow n Clark Elkus & Moses. Inc.
USM DYNAPERT DEPT........ ......... ................. ............... 31 Kle in. Kurian. Barr & Ross
UNITRODE CORP. ...... ....... .......... ... ........... .... ... ... ..... .. .. 13 Impact Adv . Inc.
VARFLEX CORP. ..... ... .................................................. 75 Barlow/Johnson. Inc.
VIDAR CORP...... .... ........ ...........................................DC -13 Lincoln Assoc .
VISHAY RESISTOR PROTS........ ........... .. ..................... 68 The Larwin Agen cy
WATKINS-JOHNSON CO. ............ ................ ... .......... DC· l5 William C. Estler
WOVEN ELECTRONICS.......................................... ...... 72 Prentiss Cou rt
79
LITER/\TURE
THE ELECTRONIC-
COMPONENTS DIVISION OF INDUSTRIE BITOSSI S.A.S., A SUBSIDIARY OF THE BITOSSI GROUP (ITALY), SEEKS SELLING OR DISTRIBUTING AGENT IN CONNECTION WITH HIGH-STABILITY
DC power supplies Included in this comprehensive cata-
log is a broad range of de power supplies rated from milli a mps to over 30 A .
Card edge connectors A silver anniversary revised edition of
a card edge connector guide includes four new series of connectors. Described are two new types of discrete connectors for wire wrapping applications and two new types which are the result of a press-fit technology eliminating soldering and reducing the cost of back pan-
METAL-FILM RESISTORS OF ITS PRODUCTION FOR THE AMERICAN
MARKE~INTERESTED
PERSONS SHOULD WRITE TO:
INDUSTRIE BITOSSI s.a.s. Divisione Componenti Elettronicl 50053 SOVIGLIANA VINCI (FIRENZE) - ITALY-
BANKING REFERENCES: BANCA NAZIONALE DEL LAVORO, Roma (Italy)
Circle Reader Service #55
Standard features are provided for each series, as are specs, schematics, options, and operating characteristics. Acopian Corp., Easton, Pa . 18042.
Circle Reader Service #416
Designing services This 16-page booklet will describe a
company for you that designs proprietary "state-of-the-art-competitive" products . They concentrate on instrumentation, communications, control, computation , and data acquisition and processing. This booklet will give you details and examples of their capabilities and experience in each of these field s. Gordon Engineering Co., Audubon Rd ., Wakefield, Mass. 01880.
Circle Reader Service #41 7
els. A three-page index is provided in the 31-pager for quick connector identification. Elco Corp., Willow Grove, Pa.
Circle Reader Service #418
Data conversion system Here are I0 pages of information on a
co mpletely integrated computer compatible data conversion system. You'll find a carefully outlined description of the AN5800 series, and details on capabilities, operation, design features, system specs, and motherboard construction . And all this is supplemented by photos, schematics, and block diagrams. Analogic Corp., Audubon Rd., Wakefield, Mass. 0 I880.
Circle Reader Service #419
I HOOSE FROM OVER 4,000
UNUSUAL BARGAINS.
photo
OPTICS · SCIENCE ELECTRONICS
~ 1,000's OF HARD-TO-FIND
Q BUYS FOR INDUSTRY ':;l!lil,.:F.'i Brand new 148-page easy-to-read edition packed with new products, charts, diagrams , illustrations. On-the-job helps; quality control aids, unique , exclusive items to speed your work, improve quality, cut development and production costs! Loaded with optical, scie ntifi c and electronic equipment available from stock for industry , research labs , design engineers , experimenters, hobbyists.
ONESOURCEFORALLYOURNEEDS Tremendous variety. Terrifi c savings. Countless hard-to -get surplus bargains . Many "o ne-of-a - kinds" nowhere else . Ingenious scientific tools. Thousands of components , lenses , prisms, wedges , mirrors, mounts, all types of accessories. Hundreds of instruments, pollution testing equipment, lasers, compara tors, magnifiers, microscopes,
projectors , tele scopes , binoculars , photo attachments , ecological items , black light equipment and America 's largest collection of unique lighting products.
,. :>'°All1'.I:<.::.-"
BUY DIRECT WITH MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE Edmund ships over 5,000 orders monthly to America 's largest industrials - every item guaranteed! You must be
satisfied, or return your purchase in 30 days for your money ba ck. Shop the catalog of America 's l argest ScienceOptics-Electronics Mart with confidence! Get your FREE copy ·without obligation. No salesman will call. Write now for free catalog " EE. "
controls for
every
need
51 sketches showing photo controls for
NEW Catalog 71
· conveyors
· cut-off
· automation · counting
· die-protection · jam-up
· inspection
· limit
· measuring · orientation
· positioning · processing
· packaging · registration
· smoke detection · sort-
ing · tension · traffic
control · weighing · wind-
ing · many, many others.
297 pre-engineered photo controls including retro-reflective, specular reflective, fiber optic and solid state; ON / OFF and Timing Controls; tremendous selection of photo sensors and light sources. Proximity Controls. Counting Eyes. Bin level, smoke, current surge and impact controls. All illustrated , described and priced.
See the AUTOTRON MAN in your
area or send for Catalog 71 NOW
3627 N. Vermilion, Danville, Ill. 61832 Ph 217-446-0650 TWX 910-244-1455
Circle Reader Service #56
80
Circle Reader Service #57 THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER · Feb. 1972
COMPARE POWER . . · a very important factor. Unae~ DC
operation, LED's require over 500 mW - Nixie"' tuoes require
over
1h"
400 with
mW 370
as compared mW. Sperry
to Sperry 1;3 " can go down
with even
200 mW further -
and to
85 mW under pulsed operation using a Sperry decoder/driver,
without affecting readability. What about voltage? A simple,
inexpensive DC/DC converter takes the battery voltage up to
tile 170 volts required to operate Sperry displays.
l·Y· l·
Use RCA Power Hybridsthe 'building block'way to put muscle in your operational amplifiers.
DEFLECTION AMPLIFIER Rf1
D.C. SERVO MOTOR CONTROL
PUBLIC ADDRESS AMPLIF IER
lllCM
c-.,.......-,
.,".,...'...
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER OSCILLATOR
.c
-'i>
--~
""<(
r,..-....
c
HIGH VOLTA( :"OUTP\J
c
0
,.-...
c c
:::.'.
-z,;; ,c-. :::;;
....r.... c
CL
>\.,;..
HC-2000-$20.00 EACH IN QUANTITIES OF 1000 OR MORE.
A re you designing to save space, weight , parts, and cost? At the same time, do you want to get the current and voltage levels that do a power job in your Op Amp and Linear circuit designs? If so, you should be looking at RCA power hybrid circuits.
In particular, check out the HC2000 . It's got real muscle. In fact , it is the premier example of the power line-offering 7 A peak cur-
rent capability in a compact plastic package. With its output capability of 100 W (rms}, HC- 2000 is an ideal unit for operational and lin ear amplifier designs in industrial and commercial equipment.
The RCA HC-2000 represents a basic amplifier providing maximum flexibility in use for a broad rang e of applications as typified by th e schematics shown above.
For more in formation on HC-2000
and other RCA power hybrid c
cui ts, see your local RCA Rep rese ntative or your RCA Distributor. For technical data including an application note, write : RCA , Solid State Divi sio n, Section 59B/UC5,
Box 3200, Somerville, N. J . 08876. International: RCA, Sunbury-onThames, U.K., or P.O. Box 112, Hong Kong . In Canada: RCA Limited, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, 810 Quebec.
n c n Solid State
products that make products pay off
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