The Electronic Engineer V29 N08 197008 VOL. 29 NO. 8 AUGUST 1970
CHILTON'THE
ELECTRONIC ENGINEER
Brighten your light applications by learning about optoelect ronic emitters
Course on MOS ICs, part Sc WESCON keeps up with the times
Optoelectronics course, part 2a
when is apower supply not just apower supply?
This is Kepco's JQE 100- lOMHS Power Supply. It looks and is built much like the many hundreds of similar power supplies made by power supply companies. It will produce an adjustable voltage 0- lOOV, with a 10-turn front panel control- will drive loads up to 10 amperes and is backed by a 5-year warranty.
oD
Do
(I b = Ref. current)
Bring feedback from a current sensor and it will regulate current.
That's where the resemblance to the product of other power supply companies stops. The JQE 100- lOMHS is made by Kepco, the power CONTROL company.
This means that you can manipulate its output to suit your purposes. You can use it as a 1 kW, d-c power amplifier and use as much of its 500,000 volts per volt d-c gain as you please. With that suffix "HS," the JQE will allow you to modulate its output with signals of your choice up to about 300 Hz for full lOOV peak-to-peak swing. For lOV p-p modulation, you've got a 3 kHz bandwidth.
-A
·- ___,
Vary its feedback and input resistors digitally and you'll have a computer-controlled voltage source. We make an excellent digital programmer to work with our controllable pow~r supplies (the Kepco DPD, DPR, DPK Digital Programming System).
+B
LOAD
0
0
-C
A- B+C
Typical Full Rack Model
MODULATED
Would you like to sum several signals? Connect the JQE as a summing amplifier and use it to perform arithmetic operations.
e in
o:
Typical 1/ 2 Rack Model
Typical 1/4 Rack Model
There are thirty-one (31) different JQE models in all sizes and output voltages from 0- 6 to 0- 150 volts up to 1125 watts ... modules, too.
~ " " e0 = RIC e;n
With a capacitor connected to its convenient feedback terminals, your JQE makes a dandy integrator.
KEPCO ®
Our new Catalog B- 703 is just off the press with details on the JQE and other fine Kepco power controllers. We would like to send you a copy.
Write Dept. DL- 19
131-38 SANFORD AVENUE · FLUSHING, N.Y. 11352 · (212) 461-7000 · TWX # 710-582-2631 ·Telex: 12-6055 · Cable: KEPCOPOWER NEWYORK
Circle 2 on Inqu iry Card
PETP FILM CAPACITORS
r
· ·
EASIER THAN EVER TO FIT YOUR BOARD & BUDGET.
BROAD LINE GETS BROADER. 8 LOWER CAPACITANCE VALUES
! l 00 pF thru 390 pF @ 200 Vl.
Type 192P Pa cer® Polyester Film Capacitors are mass-produced to beat the space/cost squeeze in co mmercial and industrial applications. Extended foi l PETP film secti o ns with metal end caps provide best po ssible non-inductive construction . End caps als o act as moisture barriers. Ideal for automatic inse rti o n on printed wiring boards . Expanded line in cludes capa citance values from 100 pf to .47 µF. Vo ltage range, 80 to 600vdc. Write for Bulletin 2066C.
Technical Literature Service Sprague Electric Company 233 Marshall Street North Adams, Mass. 01247
THE BROAD-LINE PRODUCER OF ELECTRONIC PARTS
SPRflGUE 0
THE MARK OF RHIABILITY
The Electronic Engi neer · Aug. 1970
Circle 4 on Inquiry Card
1
Buya libraryfor your eompnter
Subroutines, micro-programs, functions, encoders and decoders, log tables and logic tables, now you can get any or all of them for your computer. All it takes is a Datapac read-only-memory.
With a Datapac U-core ROM you can change your data contents in minutes, simply by plugging in a new data board. You can even modify or change the data on any given data board right in your own facility. Nothing in a Datapac ROM is engraved in stone. Or etched in silicon.
Datapac memories come in various models and sizes to accommodate anywhere from 1000 to 983,040 bits. They're fast, reliable, and reasonably priced.
And if that's not enough, send for our new brochure. It's full of descriptions and diagrams and specs. It's free. And it may start you on the road to a lot of beautiful memories. DATAPAC Incorporated, 3839 South Main Street, Santa Ana, California 92702. (714) 546-7781.
Circle 5 on Inquiry card 2
The Electron.ic Eng.ineer · Aug. 1970
THE CHILTON'S
ELECTRONIC ENGINEER
August 1970 Vol. 29 No. 8
Departments
Editorial . . . . . . . . . .
6
It happened last month . ... 10
Up to date . . . . . . . . . . 12
Bay soundings . . . . . . . 21
Western column
44
Sem inars . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
New product features . . 70
Microworld new products 76
Lab instruments . . . . . . 80
New products . . . . . . . . 84
Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Ad index . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Product index . . . . . . . . 100
COVER
This month's portion of our Optoelectronics Course deals with solid-state emitters-the light sources. Origina lly, we were going to present both t he emitters/sources and sensors/detectors
in one issue. But, there was so muc h
information ava ilable that we elected to break Part 2 into two smaller parts, 2a and 2b. Part 2a, presented in th is issue, is comprised of two articlessee pages 29 and 36. The photo on our cover highligh ts t he ligh t sources by clever photography of a Motorola device energized with probes.
FEATURES
WESCON-keeping up with the times
24
Here it is, ladies and gentlemen! Despite some big-name dropouts, a
three-ring show starring strong technical sessions and domestic and
foreign exhibitors.
By Stephen A. Thompson
Optoelectronics-part 2A
Let the light shine out
29
Not a song from the Broadway show, " Hair, " but a careful exposition
of various light emitters from simple flat structures to the most com·
plex arrays.
By Lin Wetterau, Millis Miller and Dr. R. Haisty
Emitter packaging and performance
36
Understanding the packaging fundamentals and performance parameters is essential to ensure maximum chip efficiency and minimum cost for your appl ication . By Dr. M. G. Coleman , R. W. Gurtler and A. London
MOS integrated circuits-part SC
53
That famous dynamic duo, LSI and MOS, brought a new lease on life
to the associative memory.
By Arthur J. Boyle
MOS associative memories
54
Whether you call it an AM or a CAM (associati ve or contents-addressable
memory), it still offers storage and logic for your sorting, merging and
pattern recognition applications .
By Leon D. Wald
Designing wideband amplifiers: let the computer help 59
If your app lication is between 100 kHz and 1 GHz, set your specs,
establish your models, choose your program, and leave the designing
to the computer.
By John A. Eisenberg
IC Ideas
· Pulse rate filter · Low frequency function generator · Next pulse synchronizer
e Digital AFSK
63
By Quon S. Chow By Barry Schwartz By Don M. Evans By Arle igh B. Baker
The Electronic Engineer · Au g. 1970
3
National Electro-Mechanical Systems, Inc.
Box R, 32 Broad Ave., Binghamton, N.Y. 13904 · Phone 607 723-9561
4
Circle 6 on Inquiry Card
THE ELECTRONIC
ENGINEER
Vol. 29 No. 8
August 1970
K. Robert Brink, Publisher
Alberto Socolovsky, Editor
John E. Hickey, Jr., M a11agi11g Editor
Smedley B. Ruth, Associate Editor
Sheldon Edelman , Western E4itor S. F.
Stephen A. Thompson, W estern Editor L.A.
Arthur J. Boyle, Technical Editor
John McNichol, Assistant Editor
Dr. 0. M . Salati, Consultant
Anne Axe, Editorial Assistant
Alice C. Bach, Editorial Assistant
Lynda Rothstein , Editorial Assistant
Deborah P. Wilkins, Edi1orial A.r.ris1ant Mae Moyer, Editorial R eader Service
Andrew Mittelbrunn, Chilton Art Director
Phaue Featherson, Artist
George Baker, Neil Regeimbal,
W ashi11gto11 News Bureau
Chilton (!) lij I=J#z.!
Exec ut ive a nd Edi tor ial Offices: One Decker Square , Bala -Cynwyd, Pa. 19004 Tel. (215) SH 8 ·2000
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Weste rn Offices: Stephen A. Thompson , 1543 W. Olympic Blvd ., Los Arigeles, Calif. 90015 Tel. (213) DU 7-1271
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Chilton Officers & Directors: Chairman of the Board:
G. C. Buzby; President: R. E. Mc Kenna; Financia l Vice· President: S. App leby ; Senior Vice- Presidents: J. Kofron, L. King; Publish ing Vice-Presid':'!nts: C. W. Hevner, W . A.
Barbour, R. H. Groves, K. Robert Bri nk; Treasurer : J ames Miodes; Secretary: J. A. Montgomery, Jr.; Other Directors: T. J. Casper, S. H. Collmann, R. Rim bach, Jr . , J. P. Kushnerick, R. 0. Nelson; Asst. Secretary: I. C. Holloway.
Monthly publication of Chilton Company, Chestn ut & 56th Sis., Philo., Pa. 19139. (Area Code 215) $Herwood 8-2000. Controlled circulation postage paid at Philadel· phia, Pa. $1 a copy. Subscription rates U. S. and U. S. Possessions: I yr. $12.00; 2 yrs. $20.00 . Canada I year $14.00; 2 yrs . $25.00. All other countries I yr. $20.00; 2 yrs. $35.00. © Chilton Company 1970. Title Reg. U.S. Potent Office. Reproduct io n or reprinting prohibited ex· cept by written authorization.
The Chiffon Electronics and lnsfrumentafion Group · The Electronic Engineer · Instruments and Control Systems · Instrument & Apparatus News · Medical Electronics News · Electronic Component News
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
l-t t-13111Ig1i4 II BETIER QUALITY AND RELIABILITY THROUGH CONTROL
They're Small and Reliable*
EL-MENCO DMS- DM10- DM15- ONE COAT DIPPED MICA CAPACITORS
STYLE DM5 DM5 DMlO DM15 DM5 DMlO DM15 DMlO DM15
WORKING VOLTAGE
50VDC lOOVDC
300VDC
500VDC
CHARACTERISTIC
c
D E
F
c
D E
F
c
D E
F
c
D, E
F
c
D E
F
c
D E
F
c
D E
F
c
D E
F
c
D E
F
CAPACITANCE RANGE
!Qf th ru 40QQF 27~F thru 40QQf 85pF thru 40QpF
!Qf th ru 20QQf 2ZQF thru 20QQf 8~ thru 20QQf
!Qf th ru 40QQf 27p F thru 40Qp_F 8~ th ru 40\!Ef j£f thru 150Q£f 2ZQF thru 150QpJ 8~ th ru 150Q£_F
IB thru i2Q£f
2ZQf thru 12QQf 85_pF thru 12\!Ef
!_Q_F thru 30QQF 2ZQF thru 30\!Ef 8~ thru 30QQf !_Q_F thru 120QE.F
2w thru 120QQf 8~ th ru 120QQf
!Qf th ru 25QQf 2ljl_f thru 250pF 8 ~ thru 25 QQF
lPJ th ru 75Q£_F
2w thru 75Q£.F 85pF thru 750pF
Where space and performance are critical, more and more manufacturers are finding that El-Menco miniaturi zed dipped mica capacitors are the reliable solution. The single coat is available in three sizes : 1-CRH, 1-CRT and 1-CE.
The 1-CRH DM " space savers" easily meet all the re quirem ents of MIL and EIA specifications, including moisture resistance. The 1-CE and 1-CRT units also meet the requirements of MIL and EIA specification s, except that they have less moi sture protection because of their thinner coating ; these capacitors, therefore, are ideally suited where potting will be used . Note : DM10 and DM15 units are sti ll avai lable in the standard 4-CR size.
Specify " El-Menco" and be sure ... the capacitors with proven reliability. Send for complete data and information.
·Norma lly, El-M enco 39 pF capa citors will yield a failure rate of l es s th an 0.001% per th ou sa nd ho urs at a 90% confiden ce leve l when ope rat ed with rated volta ge and at a tempe rature of BS'C. Rating fo r specific app l ications depends on sty le, capaci tan ce value, and ope ratin g conditio ns.
THE ELECTRO MOTIVE MFG. CO., INC.
WILLIMANTIC, CONNECTICUT 06226
Dipped Mica · Molded Mica · Silvered Mica Films · Mica Trimmers & Padders Mylar-Paper Dipped · Paper Dipped · Mylar Dipped · Tubular Paper
W es t Coast Ma nufact ure rs co nt act : COLLINS & HYDE CO., 900 N . Sa n Antonio Rd ., Lo s Alto s, Califo rnia 94022 5380 W hi tti er Blvd ., Los An ge l es, Ca li fo rni a 90022
ALSO SOLD NATIONA LLY THROUG H ELECTRONIC PARTS DISTRIBUTORS
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 7 on Inquiry card
5
EDITORIAL
The jobs that were
Onoe upon a time there was a design engineer who was busily working on his latest project for an industrial customer. After his small team designed the equipm ent, he spent nights writing terse, intelligent instructions for intelli gent persons, describing how the machine operates and how to troubleshoot it. The machines were a success and, since they seldom broke down, th eir instruction manuaJs were seldom used.
Then, one day, the engineer's company got a contract to provide a similar machine for the Air Force. The hardware specifications were going to be much the same, differing only in the reinforced cabinet to meet Mil specs. He happily estimated the price and pruden tly added 10 % to his estimate for "contingencies."
He cheerfully accompanied his sales manager to a meeting with the contracting officer, carrying with him his bullet-proof instruction manual. The oo ntracting officer J.ooked at it, said it was obviously well written, but it did not meet Mil Standard M-4410E, and Mil-M-38784, and Mil-M- . ..... The engineer politely asked for a copy of those standards, got them and went back to the office to spend another night looking them over.
The next day, grim-faced, he told his boss that he was afraid he could not prepare th e instruction manual by himself, and that the cost of such manual could exceed the cost of th e eq uipment, swallow up all th e ni ce profit his company was pl an rung to make with the Government's order, and leave them in the red to boot.
H e was right. Very soon, the contrncting officer suggested they ei th er subcontmct for the preparation of the manual with a specialized co mpany, or hire a department of alm ost eq ual size to the design department, if they wa nted to do it themselves. Either way, our engin eer friend could foresee that h.is time was going to be tied up for a long while explaining the intricacies of his design to people who were completely unfamiliar with the equipment. Not only was his company going to run up a sizable bill on the manual, but it was going to lose valuable engineering man-h ours.
Now, we don't pretend that the engineering "overhead"-such as writing instruction man uals, writing proposals, or keeping track of reliabi li ty figures-can be as low for military oontracts as it is for industrial products . But we do contend th at it is unreasonabl y high. "Documentatio n at the contract defi nition stage is usuall y wasted," says David Packard , Deputy Secretary of Defense, who is well versed in the requiremen ts of both industry and defense. "It usua lly ties up people of very high technical caliber to write truckloads of paper, rather th an concentrate on developing hardware." If, as Secretary Packard suggests" th e ratio of hardware development and production to software in the total cost should increase, while holding the line on cost, the obvious place to save money will be in software and services. That is, the lo ng proposals, th e heavy instruction manuals, the interminable reports on reliability of components, will have to become a thing of the past. With them, will disappear many "paratechnical" jobs held now by electronic engineers who are involved with interfacing design with documentation.
What will happen to them? Will they be able to return to the mainstream of engineering devoted to product design and development? Very unlikely. Since their recent experienoe has led them away from design , they will not be able to compete for such jobs with many engineers who have heavy design experience and are also looking for work. Since th eir plight will be the hardest, their sol utions will, hopefully, be the most im aginative ones. Those whose training consisted in exp laining electronic products and systems to nonelectronic people will be able to find applicati ons of electronics to areas other th an defense~applications that this magazine will report in detail, in the hope of sparking new ideas to create more jobs for electronic engineers-jobs that are, rather than were.
Afbu-fo StJcnlov.r'4
Editor
f
6
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Take advantage of RCA's ability to supply superior SCR's and Triacs ... when you need them.
Ask our solid-state specialists why RCA's broad line of industrial SCR's and triacs excel in quality, reliability, and performance. They'll tell you that RCA thyristors are subjected to some of the toughest quality assurance tests in the industry. Thus, they save design dollars by virtue of superior performance in critical applications.
Ask users of industrial thyristors why RCA is a key supplier and they'll tell you RCA services the industry! Whatever the application-area lighting to avi onics, regulators to inverters, or power suppl ies to modulators-RCA has SCR's and triacs to meet your application requirements.
Use these SCR 's and tri acs in your control application s:
SC R Family
40740 40752 2N690 2N3899
Rating
IT(RMS)
10 A 20 A 25 A 35 A
- 6V0o0R- vOM 600 v 600 v
600 v
Triac Fam ily
40795 40797 40671 2N5 443
Ra ti ng
IT(R MS)
10 A 15 A 30 A 40 A
Vo ROM
600 v 600 v 600 v 600 v
NOTE : SCA ratings of 100, 200, & 400 volts and triac ratings of 200 & 400 volts are available in each family . Stud packages & isolated-stud packages are also available in each rating .
For further details and your copy of the latest thyristor catalog, THC-500, see your local RCA Representative or your RCA Distributor. Or write RCA Electronic Components, Commercial Engineering Section 59H/UR6, Harrison, N. J . 07029 . International : RCA , 2-4 ru e du Lievre, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland, or Po st Office Box 112, Hong Kong.
RCll
Thyristors
The Electronic Engineer · Au g. 1970
Circle 8 on Inquiry Card
7
Big bipolar RAM
makes fast
main-frame memori· es.
Now in stock is Intel's new 256-bit Schottky process RAM. Used with our companion decoder, it makes 120 ns memories storing up to 4096 words of any length. For example, 512 memory units plus 32 decoders will store 4096 32-bit words. Such memories are TTL compatible and operate without need for further decoding circuitry. Moreover, low power dissipation (1 V2 mW per bit) permits high-density packing. The memory ur:iit, Type 3102, has a 256 x 1 organization. The decoder, Type 3202, has four chip-select inputs. Both units draw only 0.25 ma input load current, exhibit only 40 µ. a input leakage current, and are supplied in a 16-lead DIP. For delivery in the U.S. phone your local Intel distributor: Cramer Electronics or Hamilton Electro Sales. Ask for Types 3102 and 3202. If your local distributor is not stocked, call us collect at (415) 961-8080 for immediate same-day shipment. In Europe contact Intel at Avenue Louise 216, B 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium. Phone 492003. In Japan contact Nippon IC, Inc., Sanko-Cho Bldg. , No. 53 Sanko-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku , Tokyo 160. Intel Corporation is now in high-volume production at 365 Middlefield Rd., Mountain View, California 94040. TWX 910-379-6476.
TM
8
Circle 9 on Inquiry Card
1· vers.
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
IT HAPPENED LAST MONTH · · ·
The editors of THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER have sifted through the various technical and significant happenings of the past month and selected the items that would be of the most interest or use to you.
Technological balance of payments . . . An important element of our overall international balance of payments is what is termed "technological balance of payments." This term means that we receive money for technical know-how and patent royalties, for example, from foreign countries. Apparently, the U.S. ris receiving roughly ten times as much jn technological payments from abroad as it pays out. According to Rocco C. Sicilano, Under Secretary of Commerce, we received about one-half billion dollars in 1961 , and more than one billion dollars in 1968.
IC failures . . . What percentage of your purchased Jcs fail? Semiconductor SpeciaJ,ists, Inc., Chicago, Ill., say they have tested several type·s, finding 2 to 6 % failures right from the box. An English component and reliability engineer says that he has an average 3.5% failure of 1cs with all manufacturers. The reasons for the failures do not seem to be well known-some component engineers believe that IC manufacturers' automatic testers might either mis~sort or mis-test devices. Others feel that the viibrations of shipping and handling are enough to break the weak bonds, and of course the human error exists forever , even with the -best manufacturer. Semiconductor specialists suggest irncoming te·sting of all JCS , either in your own home or by an independent test1ing service.
Laser spots wake turbulence . . . Under test at the NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center is a system that uses laser techniques to detect and measure the velocity and range of an aircraft's invisible wake . Characte11istics of the wake are determined by a Doppler shift of laser light. As far as we know it is the only optical method to measure atmospheric wind velocity directly. There is much interest 1in the wake turbulence because the swirling motions created in the air behind an airplane can aind often do cause severe disturbances to following aircraft.
Wire this combination . .. Copper clad steel wire has been wHh us for many years. Now, General Cable Corp. has come up with something new. It's a copper-aluminum wire, made with a copper wire bonded metallurgically to an aluminum core. And it's their answer to the critical copper shortage we're experiencing. The rod from which the wire is processed is supplied by Texas Instruments, Metallurgical Materi als Division , Attleboro, Mass.
Increased foreign competition . . . Toshiba America, Inc., recently displayed 63 home enterta1inment products in Los Angeles, marking the inauguration of a vigorous sales drive in California. Integrated circuitry, ceramic filters, and FETs
10
were among the sophisticated features brought into consumer products. The first foreign-made remote-operation TV was introduced. The products are backed up by substantial advertising, an improved serv1ice network, a prepaid freight program, price protection, and other incentives to .improve dealers' sales and profits.
More reliable power semiconductors? . . . Because of the extended operating life of many of today's systems, RCA plans to provjde a thermal cycle rating chart for all of its semiconductor power device·s. When equipment is alternately switched on and off and the devices cycle between their operating temperature and ambient temperature, unrelieved thermal stresses build up between the siilicon pellet and its mounting ·surface. These stresses cause a gradual separation of the two , resulting in an increase in the thermal resistance of the device, and finally its failure. RCA's rating chart will show the number of thermal cycles a device will withstand over various temperature excursions. Company officials hope to have this data on all spec sheets within six months. They also plan to propose it as an industry standard.
Semiconductor group . .. Dr. William Hugle (Hugle lndustr>ies) and Frederick Kulicke (Kulicke and Soffa) are spearheading the formation of a trade organization exclusively for semiconductor-related firms. The investment in exhibits at the big shows (IEEE, WESCON, NEPCON, and ·So forth) is very big, but the return is very small. So a main concern of the "Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute," as it is called, is an annual semiconductor trade show. To bring strength to this show, an Institute member who wishes to exhibit will not be allowed to show his semiconductor-related wares eJ.sewhere.
Cross-licensed ... Advanced Memory Systems, Sunnyvale, Calif. and IBM have entered into a cross-licensing agreement. Although to date there have been no infringements by either party, the IC and memory area is rather delicate in this regard. IBM, of course, holds many patents in many areas. To avoid any problems, AMS approached IBM as a protective measure. And, although the Sunnyvale firm now ha·s access to IBM patents, no definite agreement has been plarnned along these lines, as far as we can determine.
More automation ... The National Association of Broadcasters has apprnved the organization of a subcommittee to work with manufacturers of broadcast equipment in order to develoo automatic transmitters which use computer techniques.
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
*
I
The Low Profile .100 Grid Relay
000
0 0 000
Packaging and Production Engineers please note: CENTIGRID* Series 112 Relay 's 8 leads, spaced on 0.100 centers - all on the periphery of the header - permit direct plug-in convenience on all PC boards. This relay won 't be the highest component on the board . It's only .225 high , thereby minimizing board spac ing. It's only .370 per side.
Design and Circu it Engineers pl ease note : The CENTIGRID* has the same performance as our T0-5 relays. Coil voltages,
in 6 cho ices, range from 5 to 26.5 voe .
Using CENTIGRID* Series 112 relays permits compliance to Mil Std . 2758 and Mil-P-55110A circuit board specifications without complicated lead spreading.
Space-wise Engineers please note : Ease of installation and inspection makes CENTIGRID * the perfect answer to any packaging density problem.
*TM App .
We ' re not complacent. We ' re relay innovators. We bu ilt the first relay with single or double diodes for polarity reve rsal protection.
The first relay with coil transients suppression, and an internal transistor driver. We added internal diode chips for built-in arc suppression, combined it with the internal trans istor driver, and made it double as a transapad . That 's our T0-5 relay. We built it from the leads up!
And now: CENTIGRID* ... another big breakthrough from the " little relay people." All the problem-solving low-down is yours for the asking. Simply write or call :
TELEDYNE RELAVS
3155 West El Segundo Boulevard , Hawthorne , California 90250 ·Telephone (2 13) 679-2205
The Electro nic Engineer · Au g. 1970
Circle 10 on Inquiry Card
11
UP TO DATE
Is it a battery or a capacitor?
This new component fills the middle ground between capacitors and rechargeable batteries.
Stephen A. Thompson, Western Editor-Los Angeles
A new component, the energy storage device (Esn), is being marketed by Gould Ionics of Canoga Park, Calif. To give you a frame of reference, we will compare the ESD capacitors and batteries, though it is neither. The table compares its characteristics to common capacitor types.
Electrolyte is key
Based upon the highly conductive solid electrolyte, RbAg.11,., ESD conductivity is due to silver ion mobility in a crystal lattice. While the ionic conductivity of 0.27(0-cm) -1 is comparable to that of aqueous electrolytes, (example, 30 % KOH is 0. 7 ( 0-cm ) -1, the electronic conductivity is less than 10-11 ( O-cm) -1 ·
As a battery
Normally, the electrical conductivity of a battery's material is respons·ible for its self-discharge which, in turn, limits shelf life. The extremely low electronic conductivity of the ESD extends shelf life to 10 years. Th is suggests Jong term, low power applications, such as power supplies for cardiac pacemakers.
A mercury battery the same size as an ESD would have a capacity three times greater, because its conductivity is three times higher. The mercury cell would operate at 1.35 V and the ESD at 0.5 V, but after two years, the ESD would surpass the mercury cell in deliverable capacity. Because of the outstand-
ing low temperature qualities of RbAg4l 5, the ESD delivers 90 % of its room temperature capacity at -65°F, where a mercury cell is worthless. Its full temperature range extends from -65°F to 350°F.
As a capacitor High-capacity density and minimal leakage dis-
tinguish the ESD from standard capacitors. It can be viewed as an energy storage capacitor retaining 97% of its charge after one year. Re timing applications are possible in which the time interval extends from 10 seconds to several years and at accuracies of
(continued on page 14)
A 50-F ESD is shown above the ruler. A typical application is long term sample and hold, as illustrated by the circuit.
I NPUT Q1..--""""'.----t
OUTPUT
ES D
Capacitor Type
ESD (single cell ) ESD (10 cells in series) Aluminum Tantalum (wet slug) Tantaluin (solid) Ceramic
12
Comparison of the ESD with standard capacitor types
Rated Voltag e
F/ in.3
C/ in.3
0.5 5 5 6 6 1000
160
2.2
8.9 x 10-3 5.5 x 10-3 5.0 x 10-3
1.6 X 10- s
80
11.2
4.4 x 10- 2 3.3 x 10- 2 3.0 x 10- 2 1.6 x 10- 3
J/ in.3
20 28 0.11 0. 10 0.09 0.8
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
ESC Introduces ..· The Dual In-line LC Filter Series -
Compatible With integrated Circuit boards To meet the demand for a
®
standard miniature filter, ESC has designed and developed the DIF (Dual In-l ine Filter) series. DIF filters are
passive, stable networks that fit any commercial dual in-line connector or hole spacing . They meet the
+ requirements of MIL-F- l 8327C, grade 5, class R ope rating temperature rqnge of -55°C to 105°C.
In addition to the standard DIF filters shown here, other characteristics can be custom designed to your
specifications in this case size e.g. linear phase, band pass, telemetering filters.
"' ' '
6 7891h
.Standard Low Pa ss
' ' · 78 ",, ' '
671911<
'
. 7 "
2 3 · 6789 1' <
Standard High Poss
· $678 10f< c
2 J
,,
'
-
" c "
.!:!
l1
j_ ....-1
..0 12
c ~
J"i "..'
¥
3:
-\ .l
,
~ zr
l"
Frequency DIF-L20 Se ries
Type Insertion loss Ripple Attenuation in stopband
DIF-l39 Series
DI F-H20 Series
DIF-H39 Series
DIF-l20 Series
I
DIF-l39 Series
.5 db maximum at . 1Fe
j[
DIF-H20 Series
I
DIF-H39 Series
.5 db maximum at 10Fc
± l ess than 1 db in passband
20 db minimum at 1.4 Fe & higher
l
39 db minimum at 2.5 Fe & higher
l
20 db minimum at .715 Fe & lower
l
39 db minimum at .4Fc & lower
Oth er LC Filters designed by ESC include : · low Pass· High Pass· Band Pass · Single Sideband · RFI · Telephone line Simulators
· Miniature · Printed Circuit· Audio · Mobile Communications· Telemetering ·Special Applications - all to MIL-F-18327
Write today for your copy of ESC's DIF Filter brochure.
· ESC Electronics
534 Bergen Boul evard, Pal isades Park, N. J . 07650 · (201 ) 947-0400 World 's lead ing Designer and Producer of Delay lines a divisio n of General Laboratory Associates a Simmonds Precision subsidiary
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 11 on Inquiry Card
13
UP TO DATE
This may be only a memory
While the prime application of the new transparent ceramic is in computer memories, the material can be used for multi-colored displays.
About three years ago, Sandia Labs. discovered that electro-optic ceramics could be used for hrigh-density memories and in displaying rapidly changing black and white or color images. During their early development, however, those ceramic ·suffered from poor transparency, relatively low black-white contrast, and difficulty in producing the colors blue and violet.
A new ceramic, lead zirconate-lead titanate mixed with about 4 % by weight of lanthanum, provides good black-white contrast, produces a wide range of colors at low switching voltages, and makes it possible to store ten detectable shades of grey.
A thin slrice (up to 0.25 mm thick) of ceramic, with an array of electrodes vapor-deposited on its ·surface, is sandwiched between two crossed polarizers. By applying an electrical field between the electrodes, this structure has an optical effect on the light passing through it. For example, it can pass just one color while absorbing all others, or it can vary its brightness. This optical effect depends on the field applied and remains even after the field is removed .
To use the sandwich as a displ ay, the ceramic can be plated with enough electrodes to display more than 500 dotted lines of information per vertical inch. Each of the 500 lines would contain 500 or more dots. For computer applicatiions, each dot
would represent a bit of information. Or by varying the shades of grey, the dots could be coded to represent the digits 0 to 9. Although there is a certain amount of cross-talk between adjacent cells, it wm probably impair memory applications only slightly because cross-talk is limited to a small area. This cross-talk apparently occurs because electrical linkages within the ceramic cause an unwanted spread of birefringence.
Color filters are one application of the transparent ferroelectric ceramic. While many colors are contained in the white light source, only one is passed throu gh the ana lyzer. By a sequence of voltage pulses to the ceramic plate, th e polarization of the passing light is adjusted,
so the analyzer permits only the selected color to pass throu gh and all others are blocked.
Electrical field con trols dipole oli9nmen l
~~~~ Ceramic plo le
~""""""~""'"'
~~ /
Li ght
Plane- pola r ized na rr ow bond color li 9h t
Battery or capacitor (cont'd)
(continued from page 12)
± 1% . Other applications include extremely long term sample and hold circuits, standby computer power, and other areas requiring high energy, low power, pulse capability over a wide temperature range .
Ac applications are less attractive than de, because of the large dispersion of the capacitance with frequency . At 20 Hz the capacity decreases about two orders of magnitude.
The ESD electrolyte can be screened on to substrates to make thick-film capacitors . A 250 mil square is about 100 ILF. The drawback is its high internal resistance of about 100,000 ohms. Gould believes this can be lowered substantially, but cir-
14
cuits indifferent to this parameter will find it useful now .
The ESD can be made in almost any form, and devices in the range of 0.01-50 F are available. In unit quantities they cost $30.00, and in volume the price drops to between $1.00 and $3.00. For more information, contact Gould Ionics Inc., P. 0 . Box 1377, Canoga Park, Calif. 91304 or
Circle 297 on Inquiry Card
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL Passive components, Materials, Circuit design, Power supplies.
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
In less than one second
wire
Permanent gas·tight electrical connections with Gardner· Denver W.ih.e·WJulf'*tools
These light, quiet air tools wrap wires at a high rate of speed for solderless connections that are permanent, gas-tight, and reliable. Model 14XLl weighs l 31h ounces, take s bits and sleeves for 20 through 32 gauge wire.
Pneumatic Wire-Wrap tools have pistol grip or
straight handl es. Or yo u may prefer our electricpowered model s. Or the model with rechargeable battery. M anual wrapping a nd unwrapping tools are avai lab le for se rvice kits. Bulletin 14-1 describes them all. Write for your copy tod ay.
GARDNER-DENVER
Gardner-Denver Company, Quincy, Illinois 62301
*W.All.e·WJulp is a registered Trademark of Gardner - Denver Company
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 12 on Inquiry Card
15
Need rugged and compact switching for your circuitry?
The CTS Answer Man offers a new Miniature Selector Switch.
CTS Series 223 Selector Switch gives you what you need : longevity and space-saving size. Designed for industrial and military control circuits , the 223 Series offers a rotational life of 100,000 cycles (through 12 positions) and return at 10 cycles per minute. Meets MIL-S-3786C (Style SR05) specs. Size? A mere 1" in diameter. Fully interchangeable. You 'll like both price and delivery.
The CTS Answer Man is your man at CTS. He's more than a salesman - he'll quarterback your product requirement through the multi-resources of CTS. At his fingertips: broad production facilities, the latest technologies, plus years of switching experience. You can bet he'll come up with an answer every bit as good as our selector sw itch.
Trimmers. Potentiometers. Selector switches. Crystal products. Thick-film hybrid circuits. Cermet resistor modules. Loudspeakers. CTS makes them all in 1OU.S. and 8 foreign plants. And the CTS Answer Man stands ready to fit them to your application. To learn more, write:
cTS CORPORATION Elkhart, Indiana
Circle 13 on Inquiry Card
FOREFRONT
The EE Forefront is a graphical representation of the practical state of the art. You will find here the most advanced components and instruments in their class, classified by the parameter in which they excel.
A word of caution Keep in mind the tradeoffs, since any parameter can
be improved at the expense of others. If there is no figure-of-merit available, we either include other significant parameters of the same products, or we provide additional bar graphs for the same products.
Do not use these charts to specify. Get complete specifications fi rst, directly from the manufacturers.
SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES Read only - bipolar
- - - New th is month
Fairchild 9034
l
Motorola XC270/I
l Mo torola XCl70/I C~or 06P07
Motorola 4104]
Intel 3301
J1
1
10.8 10
7.8 7.4
5
C~o r 15P06 1 1 I . SN7488
4 3.4
2
Pri ce (IOOqty.) ¢1 bit
TI.SN7488
Sylvania
Fairchild 9034 Intersil IM5602
SM320 Mot. XC270/I
Co or 06P07
Intel 3301 Co or 15P06
1.17
1.0 0.94 0.88
0.58 0.505
0.315 0.2
Power dissipation mW/bi t
Motorola XCl70/I Intel 3301 Intersil IM5601
l l Inters ii IM 5602 · Fairchild 9034 FJ:child 4104
70
60
50 45
Cogar 06P07 TI .SN7488
S_rlvonio SM320
l
40 35 30
Ac cess tim e ns
Read only -MOS
E-A 3000
TITMS4600
Mostek 2400 Philco PMS2240 TI.TMS4700
TI .TMS4500
P·F PMS2~81
E· A3 IOO Mostek 2000 E-A 3500 Mostek 2100
l cf
E.Arro_y_s 3300
lT.,LTMS2600 G.I. R0-1-2240 TI.TMS4300
j_
j_
Price (100 qty)
1.94 1.87 1.81
1.64 1.56 1.5
1.32 1.25
1.0
¢;bit
-A Mostek Philco PMSI024 2100
AMI 512 AMI AMI MB52 MA52
Philco-Ford PMS2048
E-A3100 Philco PM 1024 Mostek 2400 E-A3500 T.I.TMS4600 E-Arroys 3300
Fo irch.3501 TI.TMS4700 TI.TMS4
G.I. ~ R0-1-2240
Mostek 20 0
G.I. R0-1-2048-4 G.I. RO-I- 2048-8
160 147 137 130 122 111.5
97.5 89.0 78.0 73 .5 55.8
Power dissipation nW/bit
Foir ch. 3580/ 84 Intersil IM7603/ 4/5
G. I . R0 -1-2048 P-F PMS2048 TI. TMS4300
l
AMI MA52 Fairchild 3507 Mostek 2000 Mostek 2400 Philco-Ford PMS2240
Intersil IM7601 Intersil IM7602 Mostek 2100 T.I.TMS2600
lT I . T M S 2 8 8 0 JI.R0 -1-2240
800 700 600 500
T.I.TMS4600 TI.TMS4700
l
100
Access time ns
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
17
FOREFRONT
SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES
Random access - b ipolar
Signetics 8225
Fairchild 4i"03 Intel 3101
T.I SN7484
Cogar 08C05
Semi 48A
T.I .SN7481
Semi 49A Semi50A
~.
Semi28A
Cogar 15C07 Semi 888
Semi29A
Semi 898
t_
'f
40 33 28.7 21.8
15.8
12 10.2
6.7
5
· · · · New thi s month
Price (IOOqty.) ¢I bit
Semi SA Ra theon RR5110
Semi29A
Semi49A
1.4
1.2
1.0
Fairchild 9035 Signetics 8225
Sylvania SM80
Inters ii 5502 Fairchild 9033
Mot. MC4004
Raytheon RL80
Cogar 08C05 Fairch . 4027
AMS 40961 T.I.SN7481 Fairch. 9030 T.I.SN7484
0.8
0.6
AMS 1288 AMS 1289 Motorola MCI036/7
AMS0328 AMS 0329
AMS 0161
40 35
25
20 17 15
10
8
Power dissipation mW/bit
Access time ns
10.4
17 23 28 46 51 60 68
145 163 230
Speed (bits/ns
400
of access time)
Random access - MOS
E.Arrays 1400 G.I.RA-6-4803Philco PMS256
Fairch . 353i Mot. MCll7tl
40 34
20
Slg_netics 2301 Mostek 4002
Intel 10011 Intel 1101
Mostek 4001]
+T
rT.I.TMS4003
rAMS 10241
12 10 9.1
5.2
Price (100 qty.) ¢;bit
Inte l 1101 Intel 11011 E. A. 1400 G.I. RA-6-4803 Fairch . 3530 Mot. MTl701
5.4 3.6 2.8 2.0 1.6
Mostek 4002 Philco-Ford PRW256 Mostek 4001
lT.I.TMS4008 Signetics 2301 fMI RM51 r-I.RA-1-0256
1.2 0.98 0.64
0 .28
1 AMI RM52 AMS 10241
+
Po wer dissipation
0.058 0.048
mW/bit
Fairchild 3531 G.I.RA-1-0256 AMI RM52 AMS 10241 Mot. MCll70
TI.TMS4003
Mostek 4001
T.I .TMS4008
600 500 400
200 150
120
50
Access time ns
Mostek4002 Motorola MCll70 Slg_netics 2301
Intel 1011
Philco PRW25~
1Fairchildi531 TMS4003
JI.RA-1-0256
]
AMS 10241
TI.TMS4008
UAMI RM52 Mostek 4001
_i
f
Speed
(bits/ns
0.2 0255 0.32 0.425 "-0.51
1.0
1.102.12 2.6
5.1
of access time)
18
Circle 14 on Inquiry Card ---'>·
Let there
be
DD~DoU
Optoelectronics is on the move.
In card and tape readers. In star trackers. In computer .~-peripherals and light-actuated switching. In spectrophotometry and burglar alarms. In optical logic drives, shaft encoders and movie projectors. In test and inspection equipment. In visual displays and autos and home appliances. In just about everything.
The day is even seen when optoelectronics may give us the much-talked about picture-frame or flat-screen TV receiver where thousands of multicolored LED's are excited by many sets of lines driven by integrated circuits.
Opto offers a degree of control not possible through other methods. It is virtually "the perfect switch." It has the speed of light. It furnishes sensitivity acute enough to detect infrared and ultraviolet luminance. It has no moving parts and life expectancy is in excess of 100 years. Its prices are down to a universally-desirable, dollar-andless range.
You may interface with optoelectronics sooner than you think.
So you're prepared for what's coming, we've prepared a special, basic design guide containing application notes, selector and cross-reference lists, data sheets and where-to-get-it-now information. You'll find out about theory and characteristics of photodevices, static and dynamic conditions, switching parameters, geometric considerations, area sources and lens systems, fiber optics and applications, definitions (like Nits, Luxes and Candelas) plus several circuits suited to de, low and high-frequency applications.
And, if you're looking for complete data on the best devices to evaluate and design in, complete specs on the bright new introductions on the next page, as well as Motorola's complete capability in emitters, detectors and arrays, will be included to help show you the way.
Send to Box 20912, Phoenix 85036 for our "Let There Be Light" brochure. It's a good start.
Begin with Motorola Optoelectronics
Your light source ... Optoelectronics from Motorola
Light Emitters
Compactn ess, reliability and compatibility with integrated circuits keynote lightemitting diode advantages - as well as perfect spectral-matching of IR units to
silicon detectors. Six Motorola red and
infrared, fast-switching types now offer
fl exibility in package, performance - and price!
LED BRIGHTNESS/ POWER OUTPUT vs FORWARO CURRENT
iJ
1,000
100
100 IF· FORWARD DRIVE CURRENT (mAI
LED MLED50 MLED6 10 MLED600 MLED 900 MLED910 MLED 930
Color Red Red Red IR IR IR
Application Adva ntage
Tiny, Bri ght , Pl astic Perform er
Hi gh Density Reliab il ity
Fast, Low-cost, Visibili ty
Eco nomical Power Output
Direc t , PC Board Matrix Assembly
Rugged Match for An y Detecto r
Package Pla stic Micro-T
Pill
Plastic Mini-T Plastic Mini·T
Pill
T0-18
Peak Emiss ion Wavelength
0
A 6,600
6,600
6,600
9,000
9,000
9,000
Brightness (typ.)
750 fl @ 20 mA
450 fl @ 20 mA
450 fl @ 20 mA
550 µw @ 50 mA
150 µw @ 50 mA
650 µw @ 100 mA
Price 100-up $1.50 $2.60 $1.95 $1.50 $2.40 $3.3 0
Pla stic Micro-T*
Light Detectors
Control light-to-current fl ow with 23 different diodes, PIN's, transistors and Darlington's fo r optimized optical p erformance in de to high-frequency designs. Sensitive, fast and rugged, Motorola detectors are 100-up-priced low as 80¢ in metal hermetic packages!
PHOTO-DARLINGTON ANO PHOTOTRANSI STOR COLLECTOR- EM ITTER SENSITIVITY
I'
·T
--r +.I-
""'PHOTO TRANSIST OR
1 .0
10
H, RADIATION FLUX DENS IT Y (mW/cm21
Detector Type
Ap plicat ion Advantage
MRDlOO MRD150
MRD 200 MRD210 MRD250 MR D600
MRD300 MRD310
MRD 450
Transistor Smooth, Clean Transis tor Arrays / Matrices
Transi stor Tra nsis t or Tra nsistor
Transis tor
2 Subminia ture
lenses, Mu ltiple Sensi tivities
Transistor Control Flexib ility, Transistor Annul ar Reliabili ty
Transistor Uni form Sensitivity through Unique lens
MRD5 00 MRD51 0
MRD810
PIN Fast, low-light Diodes Reac tion
Tran sistor Optimum Optical Per formance
MRD3050 MRD 3051 MRD305 2 MRD3053 MRD3054 MRD 3055 MRD 3056
2N5 777 2N577 8 2N577 9 2N5 780 MRD14B
Tra nsistor Tra nsis t or Tra nsis tor Tra nsis tor Transistor Tra nsistor Transistor
Darlin gton Amplifiers
Plastic-Priced Metal Package
Ultra -High Se nsitiv it y, 5,000 h,.
Package Plastic Micro -T Pill
T0-18 Plastic Mini-T T0-18 T0-18
T0-18
Clear Plastic Unibl oc
Sensiti vity mA/ mW/ cm'
0.04 (mi n)
0.25 (min) 0.05 (m in ) 0.1 (m in ) 0.04 (mi n) 0.8 (mi n) 0.2 (min)
0.2 (mi n)
1.2 (min) I 0.3 (min) I
0.2 (min )
.02 (m in ) .04 (min) .02 to .08 .05 to 0.2 .125 to 0.5 .3 (m in) .4 (mi n) 2.0 (typ) 2.0 (typ) 4.0 (typ) 4.0 (typ) 1.0 (typ)
Dark
Switch
Current Time = t . + t ·
(ma x)
(max)
Pri ce
nA
µ. s
100-up
100
6.5
$1.00 $ .80
$2.60
25
6.5
$2.30 $2.40
$2.10
25
6.5
$7. 00 $3.00
100
6.5
$ .75
2
1 ns (typ)
$7 .25 $6.60
50
11
$4.00
$ .80
$ .90
$ 1.20
100
5.5 (typ) $1.20
$1.30
$1.40
$1.60
$ .50
$ .55
100
400
$ .70
$ .80
$ .40
39-Element Diode Array
31-Element Transistor Array
Arrays
The challenges in character recognition are rapidly being m et with the introduction of the industry's first standard, 39-element monolithic diode array in a ceramic fl at-pack plus a n ew transistor array with 5-mil spaced elements . . . as well as Motorola's recognized leadership in customizing individual r equirements. Cost-cutting, finished packaging and optimized performance matching are the advantages when you go " the Motorola array way" for your OCR applications!
LED / DETECTOR SPECTRAL MATCHING CHARACTERISTICS
100
§ 80
w
zII)
0 "-
60
IwI)
a:
w
;>:
40
~
...J
w
20
a:
0 0.3
1 MLED 50
MLED 600
~ u ..-"'o MLED 610
I/MR~ SER IES
~ ~~t;~.,-----11
lo°,p.g-1 _l~.o..o, o
' .L1£!"'
l-
1
\
~ l
-\
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0 .8 0.9 1.0 1.1
WAVELENGTH (µml
100-Element, 1.4" Custom Diod e Array
Array
Type
Application Advantage
MRD603 9D
39-Element Diode
State-Of- The-Art Resolution
MRD60 39 T
39-Element Transistor
Super-Sensitivity in a Standard Packa ge
Package
Sensitivity
@ H = 5mW/ cm' nA/ mW/ cm' (min .)
(Ceramic Fla t-Pack )
14
!Ceram ic Flat -Pac kI
300
Dark Current (max) nA
2
10
Pr ice 100-up
$ 10 0. 00 $ 116 .50
*Trademark Motorola Inc.
BAY SOUNDINGS
There's a new trade organization about to be born . Acting as midwives are Dr. William Hugle, president of Hugle Industries, and Frederick Kulicke, president of Kulicke & Soffa Industries.
The group is tentatively named the Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute-SEMI, for short. And it will be a focal point for the entire semiconductor industry, both manufacturers and users.
As you've probably noticed, the semiconductor industry people have been dropping out of the major trade shows. Their complaint is that such shows are not a cost-effective way to show their wares.
Further, they draw too large a crosssection of the electronics industry. That is, only a small portion of the typical trade show's attendees represent a good audience from the point of view of the semiconductor materials suppliers and equipment manufacturers.
For these reasons SEMI's prime goal is to have one trade show each year, alternating between the East and West Coasts. And this show would be the show for those of us interested in what's happening in the semiconductor industry.
Now, members of SEMI must agree not to show their semiconductor-related supplies and equipment at any other show. Further, SEMI's show exhibitors would be restricted to SEMI members. So such a show once a year would give equal time, in effect, to all semico nd uc tor-related firms , whether large or small.
The second aim of SEMI is to foster a good relationship between the semiconductor industry and the Federal Government.
In Western Europe, the business is there, but many in the industry feel that we tend to get lost in their vast technical fairs. To combat this, SEMI hopes to have one European show each year. And in Asia, there are possibilities for a show in Japan, and another for the Hong Kong~ingapore axis.
The first meeting of SEMI-the organizational meeting-was held at the end of June. It was well attended, and the audience represented an excellent cross-section of semiconductor-related firms. At this meeting, it was announceed that SEMI intends to hold its first show in the last quarter of this year, in the Bay Area.
If it's
pulser programmability you're after, it's right here, right now.
Chronetics' Model 1012. Full digital programmability. Simple current sinking DTL, TTL compatible logic. All parameters programmable. All parameters.
Rep rate to 20 MHz; Risetime 5 ns to 10 ms, typically 3.5 ns at 10 volts into 50 ohms. Amplitude +lOV (+20V open circuit); option +15V ( +30V into high impedance, e.g., MOS). Offset + lOV independent of output polarity, into 50 ohms. Source impedance, 50 ohms.
In stock. From $3250* Model 1012. From Chronetics. The only fully programmable, digitally controlled pulser now available. And its wide acceptance proves it. You can have an evaluation pulser in your lab, at once, on request. Please request. Put it on your program. Model 1012-only one of a very complete. line of Chronetics' pulsers. Write now for new Applications Bulletin: Automatic Dynamic Test Systems.
*Model 1012R; $4000. with manual digital override or local control.
Western Editor-San Francisco Circle 15 on Inquiry Card~
U .S .A. : 500 Nuber Avenue, Mt. Vernon, New York (914) 699-4400 TWX 710 560 0014 Europe: 39 Rue Rothschild , Geneva, Switzerland (022) 31 81 80 TELEX 22266
'
Say good-bye to slow bus systems. National is introducing Tri-State logic. A first-of-its kind family of TTL devices specifically designed to speed up bus-organized digital systems. Tri-State logic allows you to work with fewer packages and without external open collector gates. Our first off-the-shelf product in this new family is the DM8551 bus or-able quad D flip-flop. A unique device that lets you connect outputs of many circuits to a common bus line. The DM8551 is organized as four D-type flip-flops operating from a common clock. The outputs are normal low-impedance, high-drive TTL types. Up to 128 can be tied together because, unlike other TTLs, the DM8551 can be gated into a state where both the
22
TRI-STATE BUS SYSTEM
(1/t) 7404 1 - - -- - - - ' STANDARD BUS SYSTEM
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
·
· ·
upper and lower output transistors maximum decoding capability at mini-
are OFF. The output, therefore,
mum cost.
appears as a high impedance. It neither
In addition to the DM8551, we're
delivers current nor demands signi-. also introducing the DM8230 Tri-State
ficant current from the outputs to
Data Flow Gate for signal routing
which it is connected. You get the econ- and the DM8831 Tri-State Party Line
omy of bus connection without losing Driver for multiple signal driving.
output waveform integrity.
(They're also available off-the-shelf.)
The DM8551 design eliminates the Of course, Tri-State logic is only
false clock-signal problem usually
one reason National sells so many
associated with D-type flip-flops. Inter- TTL/MSI circuits. Call any National
nal data input disable lines feed the Q distributor for prices and specs on
output back into the D input so there's twenty-seven other reasons.
no change of state during clocking. National Semiconductor Corporation
Output disable lines are used for 2900 Semiconductor Drive, Santa Clara,
gating into the OFF state. NOR gate California 95051 I Phone (408) 732-5000
logic was chosen for this function
TWX (910) 339-9240
N a t l o n a l since it is possible to select up to 128
DM8551s with only two BCD-to-Deci-
mal decoders (DM8842s). You get
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 16 on Inquiry Card
23
WESCON-
keeping up with the times
The big West Coast show with three separate rings will have
some strong technical sessions, fewer exhibitors, and more foreign acts.
Stephen A. Thompson, Western Editor-Los Angeles
Although exhibits are off about 10 % from last year, WESCON keeps evolving. Some 580 exhibitors are expected to put on a l 030 booth show, and several trends are evident.
Visitors from abroad There will be 73 foreign exhibitors : 29 from the
United Kingdom, 14 each from Canada and Japan, 12 from Australia, and 4 from Finland. Notable domestic additions are AT&T, XDS, and Computer Sci~ ences. The most significant drop-out is H ewlett-P ackard, which will exhibit components but not instruments.
Reunification in 1972 This is the last split show in Los Angeles. In 1972,
WESCON has been booked into the Los Angeles Convention Center, now under construction , that will handle both the technical sessions and exhibits. However, for this year the 27 technical sessions will be held in close proximity to the show. Twenty are scheduled for the Museum of Science and Industry, which is adjacent to the Sports Arena. They break down into five management, six component and manufacturing, six instrumentation and microwave, and three communications systems sessions. The seven computer sessions will be held at Hollywood Park, where the computer-oriented exhibi ts are located.
The WESCON sessions are listed in the table. The ones that look especially interesting are outlined in color. Two of these merit special note. Session 7 , on LSI Memories, could be a hot one. Intel's silicon gate and Macrodata's design philosophy will be aired. Ion
24
implantation and multichip beam lead technology will also be discussed. In addition, the format includes invited speakers offering rebuttals from the floor, not to exceed five minutes. For instance, Dr. H ans Dill, who has a basic patent pending on the silicon gate manufacturing process, will defend ion-implanted MOS memories agai nst the silicon gate. Cheers!
Session D is concerned with programmable calculators. The noteworthy point here is that several units are expected to be available at the session for engineers to play with.
Engineering goes public A special WESCON blue-ribbon symposium on "Ap-
plyi ng Technology to Public Problems" is being held on August 26th and 27 th. It will focus on the problems, opportunities, and limitations of reiating technological programs to the solution of pressing public problems:
The list of participants is impressive, even at this early filing date. The Keynote Session will feature Lester Hogan of Fairchild Camera & Instrument, Dr. Bert Klein of Cal Tech, Max Palevsky of XDS, and an unnamed speaker from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The transportation session , "Technology and the Mobile Population," will include James Beggs of the D epartment of Transportation (see CHALLENGE, The Electronic Engineer, May 1970, page 30), John Beckett of Hewlett-Packard , former Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall , and Albert Hibbs of JPL.
"Communications and the Public Need" panelists are Dr. Peter Goldmark of CBS, Dr. John Pierce of Bell Labs, Paul Visher of Hughes, and D aniel Noble of Motorola. Speaking on "Technology and the Urban Society" will be Charles Miller of MIT's Draper Lab,
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
WESCON TECHNICAL PROGRAM Museum of Science and Industry - Exposition Park
10- 12:30 am Room I
Tuesday, Aug. 25
1 Integrated Circuits for Consumer Electronics
Wednesday, Aug. 26 7 LSI Memories
Thursday, Aug. 27
13 The Next Generation of Satellite Systems
Friday, Aug_ 28
19 British Progress in Telecommunications
Room II
2 Electronic Instrumentation/ Distribution Trends -
1970
8 The Integrated Circuit Overseas
14 Instrumentation for Data Aquisition
and Central Systems
20 West Coast Env ironmental Problems
Room Ill
3 Millimeter Systems, Devices and Guides
9 Solutions to Problems of Low-Noise
Amplification at Microwave Frequencies
15 Optoelectronic Devices and Applications
2 - 4:30 pm Room· Room II
Room Ill
4 Optimizing Selection of Vacuum Deposition Equipment
10 Active and Passive Filters and Equalizers
5 Military User Views of Automatic Test Equipment
11 New Product Planning in a Maturing Market
8 Instrumentation
12 Medical
Guidelines for the Study,
Electronics
Control of Ecology &
Water Pollution
16 Component Manufac t ur ing for the '70s
17 Advances in Commercial Avionics
18 Management Control Systems (MCS) , Knight or Dragon?
10 - 12:30 am Room IV
A Managing the Development of Large Software
Systems
2- 4:30 pm Room IV
B Evaluation of Proprietary
Software
Hollywood Park Computer Sessions
c Minicomputers in the
Process Industries
E Impact of Interactive Computing Systems on Engineering Prob lem Solving
G Computer-Aided Design Capability of Digital Logic Blocks
D Hands-on Programmable
Calculators
F A Synoptic Evaluation of Timesharing Se rvi ces
WESCON SPECIAL PROGRAM "Technology and Public Problems" - LA. Hilton Pacific Ballroom
I
Pecific
Ballroom
Keynote Session
(am)
Communications and the Public Need
Pecific Ballroom
(pm)
Technology and the Mobi le Population
Technology and the Urban Society
The sessions indicated in color are recommended by The Electronic Engineer.
Floyd Goss from the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, president of the Sierra Club Phillip Berry, and Frank Dimster of William Pereira and Asso.
The technical world is overdue for some good ses-
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
sions in this area. Usually, several designers rise to the occasion by announcing such bulletins as, "What urban planning needs is a systems approach! " and that's that
(Continued on page 27)
25
Low energy switching problem? Leave it to our"GOLDIE:'..
"Goldie"-the new Cherry gold crosspoint contact switches solve practically every low energy switching problem. They do it with a contact design innovation that helps prevent the two main causes of contact failure :
1. F.ormation of insulating chemical films on contacts
2. Mechanical interference of foreign particles on contacts.
Our new " Goldie" switches combine a solid layer of gold alloy (69% gold, 25% silver, 6% platinum) contact material
with a crossed knife-edge configuration. These provide interfaces inert to chemical action and virtually eliminate contact closure interference from foreign particles. Low contact resistance is maintained throughout the switch lifetime, which is measured in millions of operations . Initial insertion resistance is below 50 milliohms.
Take a closer look at our problem-solving "Goldie " switches. Send for the sample of your choice today.
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E69 Push Button Circle Reader
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E53 Low Torque Cir cle Reader Servi ce No . 57
E63 Subminiatur e Circle Reader
Service No. 58
S31 Open Miniatu re Circle Reader
Service No. 59
E21 Miniature Cir cle Reader Servi ce No. 60
Hewlett - Packard Desk Top Calculator uses 63 Cherry "Goldies"
CHERRY Makers of patented Leverwhee!/Thumbwhee!. Matrix Selector and Snap -Action Switches.
SEE THE NEWEST and MOST ADVANCED ELECTRONIC KEYBOARD at the
WESCON SHOW Booth Nos. 2710-12 Sports Arena
CHERRY ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS CORP. · 1 655 Old Deerfield Road, Highland Park, Illinois 60035
26
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
for urban planning. If the panels get down to business with constructive plans or suggestions, in areas of engineering interest and capability, they could provide a great service.
The winners, and new champs Some 152 products were entered in the twelfth annual
Industrial Design Award program , and 26 were chosen to receive "Awards of Merit." Just prior to the Show, some of them may also receive "Awards of Excellence." All of them will be in a special display at Hollywood Park. The winners of the Award of Merit, by category, are listed below:
Category A-Instruments and Instrumentation
Beckman Instruments IR-33 Infrared Spectropho-
tometer
Beckman Instruments
Flame Photometer
Chromatix
Crystal Oven and Controller
Datatrol, Inc.
Fastplot 1200
General Instrument Corp. Thermoelectric Lab System
Xerox Corp.
100 Power Microscope
Xynetics, Inc.
Automated Drafting System
Category BProduction Machinery & Fabrication Equipment
Apollo Lasers, Inc.
Lasertrim
International Pl asma Corp. Plasma Machine IPC 10038
Universal Graphics, Inc. Unigraph 22 Plotter System
Category CComputer & Electronic Data Processing Equipment
Computer Transmission Optran Infr ared Trans-
Corp.
ceiverI Data Set
Data Products Corp.
Di scfi le
Data Recognition Corp. Optical Scanner/ Encoder
Honeywell, Inc.
H -2423 Card Reader-Table-
top
Honeywell, Inc.
Magnetic Tape Drive
International Plasma Corp. Dual Im age Recorder
Memorex Equipment
Storage Control Unit
Group
Sperry Rand Corp.
Uniscope
Category D-Communications Equipment
Motorola, Inc. Pacific Plantronics, Inc.
RCA Corp.
CCTV Camera Sta rset Communications
Headset 2000-23-in. Color Console
Category E-Components & Materials
API In struments Co.
Analog Panel Meter
Electronic Associates, Inc. Quadrapole rf-dc Genera-
tor
Hewlett-Packard Co.
Ac Power Line Module
Hewlett-Packard Co.
Laser Beam Bonder
Hewlett-Packard Co.
Network Analyzer Acces-
sory Family
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The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 18 on Inquiry Card
27
ACTUAL
SIZE
5 TIMES
ACTUAL
SIZE
OPTRON is a "SHOPPER STOPPER!"
OPTRON'S full line of standard optoelectronic devices/arrays and complete custom capabilities put an end to your "shopping around" for the best combination of price, reliability and delivery
Whether you 're a shopper by nature or by necessity, you can now stop looking because OPTRON is your best optoelectronics source. For example, our line of off-the-shelf standard devices meet most design applications.
Here, take a look!
HERMETIC " PILL" PACKAGE (flat lens optional) mount on 0.075" centers
OP 100 Light emitting diode - gallium arsenide energy source
OP 300 High gain Darlington light sensor transistor OP 600 Light sensor transistor - industry-accepted
standard for tape and card reader applications OP 601 Light se nsors-for applications requiring tight Seri es gain ranges for critical tracking requirements OP 620 High speed light sensor transistor- for appli-
cations requiring ultimate in switching speeds vs. sensitivity OP 666 Light sensor (photometric standard) OP 900 Light sensor diode - for applications where linearity and switching speed are primary parametric considerations
HERMETIC GLASS PACKAGE
I mount on 0.100" centers OP 400 Lig ht sensor transistor - industry-accepted standard OP 420 High speed NPN silicon light sensor OP 490 Light sensor diode - for applications where linearity and switching speeds are primary parametric considerations 1N2175 Light sensor duo-diode
28
Circle 19 on Inquiry Card
HERMETIC COAXIAL PACKAGE (round len s opti onal) mount on 0.075" centers
OP 700 NPN silicon light sensor OP 790 Light sensor diode
HERMETIC PACKAGE
Ph oto detecto rs energized by an
I
OP 100 gal li um arsen ide diode: OP 1020 Isolator (OP 620 detector)
OP 1030 Isolator (OP 300 detector)
OP 1060 Isolator (OP 600 detector)
OP 1090 Isolator (OP 900 detector)
But, that's not all!
OPTRON can provide com plete disc rete, hybrid or monolithic optical arrays, pre-assembled and ~ pre-tested , to your specifications.
In addition , OPTRON is experienced and capable of working on your most stringent custom requirements or interface problems. An OPTRONassembled functional module offers you significant system-cost and performance advantages.
Write today for technical literature on our standard product line and the name of your nearest OPTRON representative.
OPTRON, INC.
1201 Tappan Circle Carrollton , Texas 75006 214/ 242-6571
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
OPTOELECTRONICS Part2A
LET THE LIGHT SHINE OUT
Light em itters range from simple flat structures to compl ex arrays
By Dr. R obert Haisty,
Texas Instruments Incorporated, Dallas, Tex.
Parts 2A and 2B of our Optoelectronics Course will explain the basic optoelectronic components that form the building blocks for optoelectronic systems. Fundamental to any optoelectronics system is the generation (Part 2A) and sensing (Part 2B) of li ght for a specific task.
While the variety of optoelectronic components is already large and growing each year, we will present the essential details you need for a basic understanding of devices.
For each component type, the materials of construction , basic theory, and features will be discussed. While specialized types of components are not mentioned, their operation can be understood after gaining a knowledge of the basic types. Since detailed information is accessible for the compon en ts presented in this course, the serious optoelectronic student should pursue the references and source material.
The nature of light emitters When minority carriers recombine with majority car-
riers in a semiconductor, energy is released in the form of li ght, heat, or kinetic energy to other carriers. Although minority ca rriers can be introduced in several ways, the most effective way is carrier injection in a pn junction, the basis for semiconductor light sources.
Any pn junction, under forward bias, can emit some light, but before reasonable conversion efficiencies can be obtained, a great many fac tors must be optimized. For instance, li ght output can be drastically reduced by competing non radi ative recombination processes, as
T.h e Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
well as by internal absorption and reflection losses. These losses can be minimized by choosing the right material in a state of high degree of purity and crystal perfection, which is properly doped, and by using geometrical structures and other methods to reduce absorption and reflection losses.
It is possible to achieve internal quantum efficiencies (photons generated per recombination event) approaching 100 % . Overall power conversion efficiencies (100 X li ght power output -;- electrical power input) of 25 % or more have been attained.
Materia ls
The selection of the semiconductor material is the most important single factor. As an example, lightemitting diodes did not evolve during the early years of transistor development because germanium and silicon , both indirect gap semiconductors, are very poor li ght emitters.
In an indirect gap semiconductor there is a difference in momentum between the initi al and fin al states for a band-to-band transition, which must be taken up by a phonon cooperating in the electron-hole recombination. In effect, a three-body colli sion is required , hence the low probability of li ght emi ssion from indirect ga p materials. On the other h and , vertical band-toband radiative transitions in direct ga p material , such as GaAs, have a hi gh probaf:?i lity.
There are other possible radiative transitions in which the requirement to conserve mom entum is relaxed. For exampl e, the decay of bound excitons at the neutral center ZnO or N indirect gap se miconductor G aP leads to efficient red and green emission.
In selecting the semiconductor, the wavelength of light desired must be considered. To a good approxi-
29
OPTOELECTRONICS Part 2A
Fig. 1: Drawing of a simple flat, planar emitter shows internal reflection for angles of incidence greater than the critical angle, 0,.
Fig. 2: A high power dome emitter, showing how in· ternal reflection is eliminated, and a net gain factor of about 10 is achieved.
mation, the wavelength of light emitted for band-toband or shallow acceptor (or donor) level will be that corresponding to the band gap, that is
E. = h, = -he , or X m crons = -1-.24-
X
E o ( eV )
By growing single crystal mixed compounds such as
Ga(AsP) and GaAlAs, we can "tailor" a material
for a desired wavelength by varying the composition.
In this way, for example, energy gaps from the ,..., 1.4
eV of GaAs to 2.26 eV corresponding to pure GaP
can be obtained. However, GaP and A!As are indirect
gap materials and in both alloy systems the cross-over
is around the 50% point, so efficient light emitters have only been made down to ,..., 6500 A. Wavelengths
longer than 9000 A are obtained in alloys of GaAs
with the lower energy gap semiconductors such as
InAs (0 .36 eV) or GaSb (0.67 eV). A chart of III-V
compounds commonly used for light emitters is given
in the "Guide to Optoelectronic Devices" wall chart
published in the July, 1970 issue of The Electronic
Engineer.
Other possible light-emitting materials, especially the
II-Vls (CdS, ZnTe, etc.) should be mentioned. Some of these are especially interesting because they have
band gaps large enough to produce blue emission, but
they tend toward self-compensation, and good pn junc-
tions have not been obtained in the higher band gap
compounds.
Another important material is silicon carbide, in
which yellow, green, and blue emission has been ob-
served. But, efficiencies have been low, and the diffi-
culty of working with such a highly refractory material
has made progress slow.
30
Types of emitters
Each new application for light-emitting diodes generates increased needs for power outputs ranging from a milliwatt or so, as for card readers, to many watts, as for night vision illuminators or rangefinders. In a simple planar junction in a flat device, much of the light generated is lost by internal reflection. The critical
angle for total internal reflection at an interface between two media with index of refraction n1 and n2 is given by :
sin(Jc = ~ n.
= = For the air-GaAs interface: n 1 = eo 16°.
1, n2
3.6, and
The fraction of total light reaching the front surface
that lies within the critical angle is given by:
Fe = (1 - cos (Jc).
For GaAs-air, this is only 1-0.96, or 0.04 of the light generated. Unless an anti-reflective coating is used, an additional amount, given by
:n J [ 1 - (1 n·)
or 30 % is also reflected within the critical angle. A typical flat device is shown in Fig. 1. In the com-
pound GaAs, light generation takes place almost entirely in the p-region and is of a slightly longer wavelength than the absorption edge of n-type material. Light can therefore be brought out through the n-region without excessive absorption, if it is not too thick.
To eliminate the internal reflection, and thereby in-
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
n-type p-type
~ Contacts
Fig. 3: These three 72-mil dome emitters can be used with or without reflector.
n-type GaAs
p-type GaAs
Fig. 4: Ten-watt laser output is achieved with a cooled diode array.
crease the light output by a factor of 25, a hemispherical dome can be placed over the junction. If the ratio of dome-to-junction diameter is at least as great as that of the index of refraction of GaAs to air, none of the light reaching the surface will exceed the critical angle (Fig. 2) . In practice the increased absorption loss in the thicker dome reduces the output so that a net gain of about a factor of 10 is achieved. Thus, a fiat G aAs emitter will have about a 0.2% to 1.5% efficiency at 25 °C and the addition of a GaAs dome raises the efficiency to about 2 % to 8% . Some manufacturers use epoxy domes with an index of about 1.7, which should provide an improvement about 3X over a flat emitter.
How, then , do we achieve the 25% efficiency mentioned earlier? Fortunately, in GaAs it is possible to shift the wavelength of emitted light output several hundred A longer than the absorption edge, to greatly reduce absorption in the dome. This is done by using Si as the dopant for both the n- and p-regions.
When Group II elements are added to GaAs, they replace Ga atoms to produce p-type material; similarly, Group VI atoms repl ace As to form n-type material. The Group IV elements Si and Ge are amphoteric, going on both G a and As sites, and pn junctions can be formed by changing the growth temperature to shift this ratio during epitaxial growth from Ga solutions. Light emitted from this junction ranges from 9300 A to about 9700 A at very high concentrations.
The behavior of Si in G aAs is not completely understood. Recent studies of the absorption bands associated with the localized vibrational mode of Si on Gaand As-sites in GaAs indicate that there are too few
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Si atoms on As-sites to account for the measured acceptor concentration. Further, the increase in overall power efficiency achieved in the solution-grown, amphoterically-doped emitters is greater than expected from reduction of absorption alone. The light generation process in this material is much more efficient than in other GaAs.
A single large dome device can provide up to 200 mW of light for 2 A drive current at 25°C. These emitters are often assembled in arrays to provide many watts of output power. Reflector packages (Fig. 3) reduce the beam angle to about 20°.
Where pulse operation with hi gh peak power outputs is needed, as in gated night vision systems, the injection laser takes over. Necessarily operating at high current densities, a laser diode with a junction only 0.006 x 0.016 in . can provide 10 W peak power. With typical 25 °C operating conditions of 200 ns pulses at 5 kHz, an average power of 10 mW is reached. Cooling the lasers greatly reduces the threshold current (approximately as T3) so that longer pulses can be used, and even cw operation is possible below 100°K.
There are methods for packing the laser chips into very small arrays. Figure 4 shows an array designed to operate at 77 ° with a peak power output of 350 W, using 1 µs pulses at 30 kHz, for an average output power of 10 W. The source size is only 0.22 x 0.22 in. The beam angle from a diode laser is typically about 10 ° in the pl ane of the junction and 30 ° in the othier. While this is large compared to ruby or Nd :YAG lasers, it is much less than the 2 'TT steradian pattern from noncoherent sources. Because of the small source size, the light from this array can easily be collected
31
OPTOELECTRONICS Part 2A
......._ I
~.
fie. I: Schem·tlc dn1wln1 of (a) simple Injection Iner, (b) close
confinement, or heterostructure: Cc) a IHer chip mounted for
series connection: and (d) · sample array auembly using chips
shown In (c).
p-GoA·
L
p- GaAIAs p-GaAs
n-GaAs
,~
n-GaAs
Hettnlltructure
a.
h
·ldeYllW
and brought into a 1h 0 beam by a simple f/ 1.8 lens about 8 in . in diameter.
T o achieve lasing, it is necessary to produce a population inversion * and to have a net cavity gain . Although GaAs lasers have been made· in a number of forms, the most practical is the Fabry-Perot structure, a resonant cavity with two parallel reflecting surfaces (Fig. Sa). When a threshold current density is reached, stimulated emission occurs from a region a few microns wide in the plane of the junction. The threshold is marked by a sharp increase in power output with current, spectral narrowing of the light output, and the appearance of coherent light. Rather than bulk absorption, the internal losses now consist of ( 1) cavity leakage, or diffraction losses, (2) transmission losses through the exit surface, and (3) free carrier absorption.
Photons outside the region of population inversion are lost by absorption. Similarly electrons that diffuse beyond the inverted region before recombining are lost to the lasing process. These points are essential to understanding a recent significant improvement in laser threshold current densities and efficiencies. In 1969, a "close confinement" laser structure was announced in which a reduction in threshold current density from a typical value of 5 x 104 A/ cm2 to 1.9 x 104 A/ cm2 was obtained with an increase in differential quantum
efficiency from 13 % to 39 % .
The structure used (Fig. Sb) placed a layer of GaAIAs about 2 microns above the pn junction. The improvement was attributed mostly to the confinement of light by reflection at the GaAs-GaAlAs interface, be-
· It has been calculated that the ratio of stimulated to spontaneous emission under thermal equilibrium is only io-ao.
32
cause of the slightly lower refractive index of the GaAlAs at the wavelength of GaAs emission.
Other studies on similar heterostructures indicate that confinement of carriers by the potential barrier at the GaAs-GaAlAs plays a major role in the improvement of density and efficiency. Very recently a threelayered heterostructure, with GaAlAs on both sides of pn junction was reported to have a threshold as low as 2000 A l cm2 ·1
Future developments
Probably the fastest growth in the field, at present, is solid-state displays. Going ahead with the available GaAsP technology, several companies are marketing 7-segment numeric, and S x 7 alphanumeric displays with matching IC logic, to produce any desired character.
The considerations in designing visible displays differ somewhat from the IR sources. Here, apparent brightness at low driving currents is of primary importance. In the wavelength range obtain able with GaAsxPx - i. the trade-off between the decreasing efficiency of the GaAsP with decreasing x to produce shorter wavelengths, and the increasing responsivity of the eye as the maximum at SS OO A is approached, shows a rather sh arp maximum in the red, at about 6S50 A.
Two approaches to green emitters and displays are being investigated intensively. For blue, only one of these is applicable. Both green and red emitters can be produced in GaP by proper doping, as discussed earlier. Efficiencies of 7.2% for red, and 0.6% for green were reported in solution growth material on G aP sub-
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Cu heat sink Electrical ground
strates.2 GaP is much more difficult to prepare in good single crystal form than GaAs because of the high phosphorous pressure (- 40 atm) at the melting point. However, once the high pressure crystal puller is on hand, there is no reason for GaP to be more expensive to produce than GaAs.
The second approach by which all three colors-red, green and blue--can be produced is by pumping certain rare earth phosphors with the long wavelength (9300 A - 9700 A Si-doped GaAs.
Conversion efficiencies are comparable to those for GaAsP, but still well below GaP. Further improvements in purity of the phosphors better host materials can be expected . Blue phosphors capable of 60 ft-L for a diode current density of 50 A l cm2 were reported recently.3
Another development that can be expected to appear within the next year or so is a compact, efficient YAG laser pumped with solid-state emitters. 4 Because the wavelength of the emitters can be tailored to peak at a pump band around 8050 A, a large fraction of the light is used , offering better efficiency and less heating than possible with a broad spectral pump sources.
Also, light-emitting diodes with negative resistance characteristics, although known for some time, are now attracting more interest. Diodes which can be switched by external light in tens of nanoseconds were recently described. These offer interesting possibilities for optical logic, delay and memory circuits as well as amplifiers and special purpose displays.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL Light-emitting diodes, Semiconductors
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Band gap-The energy difference between the conduction band and the valence band in a materiaJ.
Conduction band-The empty energy band where electrons are the charge carriers.
Depletion region-That region where the density of charge carriers is negligible compared to the impurity concentration.
Hole-electron pair-A positive (hole) and a negative (electron) charge carrier, considered together as an entity.
Laser efficiency-There are several measures of efficiency used to evaluate ·laser diodes. It is important to distinguish among them carefully.
· · Internal quantum efficiency: Photons generated per current carrier injected.
· Emission efficiency: Photons emitted per photon generated.
· External quantum efficiency : ,Photons emitted per current carrier injected. Quantum efficiency is also called "junction efficiency."
· Differential efficiency: Slope of the light output vs forwaird current curve, above the lasing threshold . Also called "slope efficiency" or "incremental efficiency."
· Power efficiency: Light output power divided by total input power. Also called "device efficiency," "overa,Ji efficiency," or "conversion efficiency ."
Majority carriers--Charge carriers responsible for conduction under thermal equilibrium; electrons in n-type or holes in p-type material.
Minority carriers- Electrons in p-type material or holes in n-type material.
Mobility-The velocity of a charge carrier per unit of applied electric field.
Recombination-The combining of a hole and an electron.
Trapping-The capturing of a hole or an electron in an impurity or defect.
Valence band-The filled energy band from which electrons are excited into the conduction band.
References
1. M . B . Pani s h , I. H ayashi, a n d S. Sums kl , Applied P hysics L et ters, V o l. 1 6, 1 970, p . 326 2. W . R os enzweig, paper p rese n ted a t IEEE D evice Confer e n ce, 197 0, New Yo r k. 3. Elec tronics, M ay 11 , 1970 , p. 41. 4. R. E. A ll e n a nd S. J. S calise, A p p lie d Physics Le tt ers, V o l. 14 , 1 969, p . 188 5. E l ectronics, A pr il 27, 1970, p. 67 .
33
34
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Working in the fascinating world of the optical spectrum, you shou ld be using one or more of these exci ting RCA products-photomultipliers, gas lasers, solid-state IR emitters, sing le-d iode lasers and laser diode arrays. Each line is the result of technology that comes from a leader with decades of electronics experience.
RCA no w has avai lable standard products for your electro-opti cs applications. Even as new devices are announced, RC A stands ready to custom-design a source or detector for your specia l requi reme nts.
RCA can help you in your work in the optical spectrum . With photom ultipliers. With gas lase rs. With solidstate IR emitters, and laser diodes and arrays. Ask about them.
RCA Photomu ltiplie rs. Th is line is the widest and most diverse in th e industry-more than 250 established and state -o f-the-art types. Ne w photocath odes and secondary emitters prov ide these types wi th suc h features as: broad spectral response with hi gh se nsitivity from UV to IR , resol vi ng capability o f one, two, three , or more photoelectron events, and subnanosecond anode pulse ri se ti me. In electro-optical applications , the se RCA photomultipliers can be used in systems for optical
character recognition, Raman spectroscopy, air pollut ion detection, laser range finding, security su rvei llance , and entertainment consoles such as the new video player systems.
RCA Gas-ion Lasers. Resul ting from one of the industry 's most extensive laser development programs, RCA's lin e of gas-ion lasers ranges in size from a few milliwatts to 600 mW (air cooled), and up to 100 W CW in the optical spectrum. With an unmat ched production facility, RCA can supply one unit-or 100,000 units-a year! Inc lud ed are heli um-cadm ium , helium-neon, argon-ion, and krypton (u ltrav iolet, vio let, blue, g ree n and red) lasers.
RCA gas-ion lasers may be se le cted for specific applications to pro vid e high intensity, cohe rent output in a range from 325 nm to 647.1 nm. These highly stable , long-life lase rs have potential in applications for today and tomor ro w in holography , data processing, ra nging, Raman spectroscopy, film re co rding , sate llite tracking, comm unications, and bloodless surgery.
RCA S:>lid-State IR Emitters, Laser Diodes and Laser Diode Arrays. Among the first to announce availability of so li d-s tate li g ht sources,
RCA has units that operate in the near- infrared (from 800 nm to 930 nm) region of the spectrum. Small in size ... they range in outputs from 1 mW up to 1 kW of peak powe r .. . fr om 1 mW to 50 W of average powe r. The "c lose confinement " structure (lase rs) re sults in power efficiencies as hig h as 40 %. Desig ned for operation from room temperature to cryogenic conditions, these IR emitters, laser diodes and arrays are superior, rugged pe rformers in such electrooptica l uses as punched-card and tape readout, fog and smoke penetration , intrusion alarms, night vision , fuzing, altimeters, distance measuring and dozens of other sig naling, location, and illumination application s to excite you.
If you are working in the area of lase r so urce s and detection, why not discuss your requirement s with RCA. For detailed information on any of these device areas , cons ult your loca l RCA Representative. For technica l data, write: RCA, Commercial Engineering, Section 59 H /Z-P9, Harrison, N.J. 07029. International: RCA, 2-4 rue du Lievre,1227 Geneva, Switzerland , or P.O . Box 112, Hong
n c n Kong.
WAVELEN GTH (NANOMETERS)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900 1000 1100 1200
--
..
.;>;<; iii
PHOTOMULTI PLI ERS
f----C70042J-t--451 6, C70102M, C31005C
I
f--C31016 B, C31026
f--C70114J,-l--4517, C70114F, C7 151 Q, C70132A
J--8664,---1--4518 , 4523, 8575, 8850, C31000C , C31 024--1
J--C31009,--t--4524
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f--4525, C31027 , C31029
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f---C70 133 B, 4522 f--C31 025B, C31025G
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f--4 459, 4463, 7265, 7326, C31000A, C31000B f----C70109E , C7268
l--4454 l--C70133A,,__4465 , C31020
f--C31025C l--C31000K
l--C7291D , C70042K, C70042M , C70042N , C70042R
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f--C31026
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l--C7151 Y,--t--C7151W
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f----C31000T , C31000S
t - - C 7 0 1 02B f---C31004A t - - 7102, C70114D f---C70007A , C31000J
GAS-ION LASERS
SOLID-STATE SOURCES
ROOM TEMPERATURE TYPES
l--40598A, 40736R , TA77 62R (Non-coherent Emitte rs, 1 to 2.5 mW CW at 930 nm)
f - - -TA7606 , TA7607 , TA7608 , TA7609, TA7610, TA7699, TA7763 , TA7705 , TA7787 , TA7864 (laser Diode s, 1 W to 60 W peak at 905 nm)
f - - - TA7687 , TA7G88 , TA7689, TA7690 ,
TA7691 , TA7692, TA7764, TA7765
I
I
(Laser Arrays, 25 Wto 300 W peak at 905 nm)
J r
TA7867 (GaAIAs ty pe at 850 nm )
CRYOGENIC TYPES
I.
TA7789, TA7790 , TA7925
(at 845 nm and 77° K)
I
I
f--LD2149 - 325.0 nm f--LD2111-332 .4 nm
l--LD2127Vl-350.7, 356.4 nm l--LD2148-441.6 nm
- t t tttttt-LD2100, LD2101 - 457.9, 465.8, 472.7 , 476.5, 488.0, 496 .5, 501.7, 514.5 nm
*Extended-Red Mu ltialkali
LD2140-+ + ++++-457 .9, 476.5 , 488.0, 496 .5, 501.7, 514.5 nm
LD2108-t + + - 4 7 6.5, 488 .0, 514.5 nm
LD2127 , LD2140Vl~t
I
I
+-476 .2, 520.8, 568.2, 647 .1 nm
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
35
OPTOELECTRONICS Part 2A
EMITTER
PACKAGING AND PERFORMANCE
Brighten your application by understanding packages and basic performance parar{leters.
By Dr. Michael G. Coleman, Richard W. Gurtler, and Arnold London
Motorola Semiconductor Products Div., Phoenix, Ariz .
Once the doping profiles and processing methods have been determined, the next step in chip fabrication is packaging. The best technique, of course, is one that fully uses the chip's efficiency and minimizes cost. One primary packaging problem results from the semiconductor chip's rather high index of refraction, a value generally greater than 3.0.
Index of refraction The two basic problems that arise from the high
index of refraction of the LED chip are: a. The reflection coefficient, R , at the air-semicon-
ductor interface is quite high,
R = (n,. - nair)2
+ (n ,. nair) 2
(1)
b. The critical angle, 8 c, is quite small, givmg rise
to a rather small, solid angle within the chip from which external radiation can be obtained.
.
"h.air
Sill 0, = - -
(2)
n ,.
Rays originating near the light-emitting diode (LED) pn junction may interact with the chip's surface and leave the chip or be reflected internally. The back surface of the chip is usually coated with some reflective metal for bonding purposes. The light reflected from this surface can be specular or diffuse in nature and can
36
provide more radiation from the LED. By placing a transparent material over the LED hav-
ing an index of refraction greater than nafr and less than n80, more radiation can be coupled from the chip to the outside world. Ideally, the index of refraction of this coating should be equal to
This value is normally higher than that achieved on a practical basis. Also, the use of such layers is limited by their absorption of light passing through them.
Coatings and lenses It is common practice to coat the surface of an LED
with Si02 (silicon dioxide) (n = 1.5) or a higher index
material, SiO or Si3N 4 (silicon nitride). With the thickness of this coating equal to an odd number of quarter wavelengths, reflectance losses can be minimized. But, the critical angle remains the same as in the semiconductor-to-air interface due to the parallelism of the two interfaces of this thin film structure. Large increases of the critical angle within the LED chip (and therefore the total solid angle of externally obtainable radiation) are made by placing transparent masses of intermediate refractive index materials, such as epoxy or plastic, over the chip. This mass is usually a hemispherical dome surrounding the chip.
At the chip-plastic interface, the critical angle within the chip is increased due to the greater index of refraction (typically 1.4 to 1.5) of the dome medium. Most rays that enter into this surrounding medium are able to leave the hemisphere, since they strike the surface at near-normal incidence. This type of geometry gives a
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Tis quiet
revolution in lectronics
ISOLATION
CAPABILITY
UP TO
1,000 VOLTS
=
Optically-coupled isolators deliver four interface freedotns.
Freedom from noise. Electrical isolation of the input
diode and output transistor eliminates ground loops and noise signal transmission.
Freedom from voltage isolation problems.
Input/output isolation of up to 1000 volts allows for the simple interface of different voltage levels and suppresses high voltage transients.
Freedom from the cost and design problems of interfacing.
TI optically-coupled isolators (OCis) handle the job alone. You don't need complex circuits to pass noise-free signals between input
terminals and computers and along transmission lines.
Plus, you get these important advantages over relays and pulse transformers: Response from de to 100 kHz. High shock and vibration immunity. Bounceless action. Speeds to 5 µ. sec. Wide operating temperature range. Longer life.
&Freedom from space limitations. In a tight spot? TI OCis fit ~ into high density situations
actual with ease. The twin T0-18 size metal can measures just 0.206" x 0.220" diameter. And, performance is improved, too. A more efficient emitter guaran-
tees you a 1.6 mA output for a 15
mA input. Enough to drive logic
gates without additional compo-
nents. Example: the TIL 107 and
TIL 108 OCis guarantee direct
DTL/TTL compatibility. You cut
space, weight, power and overall
system costs.
Both are available now at new
lower prices: TIL 107-$6; TIL 108
-$10 (100-999). Call your TI sales
office or authorized TI distributor
for fast delivery.
For a data sheet, write Texas In-
s tru men ts Incorporated, PO Box 5012, MS 308, Dallas, Texas 75222.
vo
Or circle number 193.
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
INCORPORATED
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
37
OPTOELECTRONICS Part 2A
Lambertian-type of emission pattern. That is, the total radiance appears to fall off as the cosine of the angle from the optical axis of the device.
Figure 1 shows a structure with a lens-type shape at the top that gives direction to the emitted radiation. Such a packaging scheme is useful when you want to transfer energy from the emitter to a small spatial area, such as that of a silicon detector. Lens-like structures improve bare-chip external efficiency by a factor of two or more.
Far greater efficiency can be obtained from a stru~ ture in which the dome, rather than plastic, is made from semiconductor material itself. This gives a Lambertian-type emitter with no critical angle losses. Only surface reflection losses occur. The domed semiconductor chip, however, is more costly than flat chips. If greater direction is desired from a device, it may be mounted in the focus of a parabolic reflector.
One way of improving the appearance of a visible LED is to increase the contrast. This is done on some red emitters by using a red (rather than clear) plastic covering. Transmission properties of the red plastic are such that it transmits the emitted wavelength and absorbs all other visible wavelengths. Thus the background observed by the viewer has less brightness than would be the case with clear plastic.
A very important LED packaging consideration is that of heat sinking. The device's efficiency decreases as temperature increases. If high reliability is a consideration, then metal packages (for heat sinking) with glass lenses may be desirable.
Another device in which packaging is quite important is the coupled pair, consisting of an LED chip and a silicon photo-detector chip mounted in the same package. The main function is to transmit an input signal to an output terminal with an extremely high degree of isolation. The packaging goal is optimum light coupling. Chip proximity, index of refraction, and reflective techniques are employed to achieve this goal.
Read-out packages Another important device consists of arrays of LEDS
for the transfer of information to a human observer or to an array of detectors (Figs. 2 and 3) . The arrays in Figs. 2 and 3 are used for displaying digits. Displays can consist of many LEDS individually mounted on a substrate (e.g., metallized ceramic) and wired together or made on a single chip. With either device it is sometimes desirable to include, in the same package, a decoder-driver chip so that the display may be directly addressed by binary input signals.
In either case, the package should not be much larger than the dimensions of the digit so that the units may be stacked together to form long numbers. Dual-in-line or flat packages are ideal for these devices. Generally
38
a flat window will be placed over these packages so that viewing can be achieved at large angles.
Performance characteristics
De electrical properties normally specified for discrete LEDS are forward voltage drop and the breakdown voltage. Of primary importance is the forward voltage drop, since the devices are operated at forward bias. As the band-gap of the LED material increases, so does the required forward voltage. GaAs needs a forward drop of about 1.2 V, while GaP values are in excess of
2.0 v.
Reverse breakdown voltage is related to the magnitude of the doping levels within the semiconductor device. Typical values range from 5 to 25 V .
When using an infrared (IR) emitter, you should know the total radiant flux, P, emitted by the device for a given forward current, 11, and also its spatial distribution. The external quantum efficiency, 'tJe, of a device is given by the expression:
0
X(A)
P (mW)
77' = 12,400 · I 1 (mA)
Typically, infrared emitters have external quantum efficiency ratings from 0.1 to 1% , with premium devices rated higher.
The major concern with visible LEDS is the response of the human eye to the emitted radiation. These devices are usually specified in terms of brightness or luminance, measured in foot-lamberts. A rating of 50 ft-L is considered adequate for viewing under ordinary room conditions. As the wavelength moves farther away from green (to which the eye is most responsive) , more efficient devices are needed to produce the same visual effects. The spatial distribution is often represented in the form of a polar plot (Fig. 4) which shows the relative radiant flux emitted by the device as a function of the angle from the optical axis.
Devices can be operated in a pulsed mode at instantaneous current values well in excess of the de rated current, providing the duty cycle is kept sufficiently low to avoid excessive heating of the junction. Power output varies in a nearly linear fashion when forward current is more than one order of magnitude greater than the steady-state rated forward current. This fact can be usefu.l when operating a device in conjunction with a detector that is noise limited. Pulsed operation is also used to vary the apparent brightness of visible emitters by varying pulse width rather than the absolute magnitude of the forward current.
The switching speeds of most diffused LEDS are in the <IO ns range and closely related to the radiative recombination lifetime in the material. In liquid-phase, epitaxy-formed, silicon-doped GaAs devices, longer rise
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
B C D input
/ /
' \
I
\
I
Fig. 1: A plastic-domed l~ns (broken. line) giv~s emission over a large, solid angle, while a plastic shaped lens gives a more directional pattern.
-LED chip
Diffused p reg io n
Diffu sed p-type segment
Fig. 3: -larger displays are normally maae in hy· brid form with discrete devices. An IC BCD chip can be incorporated in package of the readout.
Fig. 2: Monolithic, 7-segment numeric displays are becoming more available. The display sche· matic shows eight diodes, with the eighth diode representing a decimal point on the display.
The EleCtronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
330°
340°
350°
o·
10°
20°
30°
Direction al e ml{t er ~
Re foti ve r od iont
<o fl ux
320° 40°
310°
so·
300°
60°
290°
70°
2eo·
Optic al axis
2 70°
90°
Fig. 4: The .polar plot shows the spatial rad iation distribution of two common LEDs lenses used.
39
OPTOELECTRONICS Part 2A
1.0 i------+--------+-~~ n ~-------t-~ -.zv .v-,=,:.:-2-~ - - ~ ~ ~,r\ r------1
~ ::: =============L__=:~·:!-l:::::L:~=====1=====J=~=== 1
~
/"'
Hu mo n eye response
Yl -/'_Z____/
Typical silicon photo detector response
.J\ .
e 0.7 l------+---,.--ltl.!~i!!A l-~l~ f --+--'---,.--,------ft--1"~ r'-------1
u a·V 0 0 .6 l---------+----+----~......~'--rl-~!~---+G-o-A-s -F+------1~---+~~ "-"""l T------i
~ 0 .5
~w---~ ~ r: ~.L~.6=-+2."""--3e- . -----+----->\t-"\t-i
~'. ~ 0 .4 l - - - - - - - + - --A-,f'2111
t il
_S _ll ~ .8 ~
w 0 .3 1--~~~~~~-+~-~ ----,~ ii#!f<--~~1 -~"":"!----t+--+~~l\Hl---ttt-~~~-t-~~~ttt-~~~+-~~__..., . 6 w
a::
.,
~~
0 .2 0.1
!l------------------++----~f-i"l"-"""+-+--~-"L -"---''~-i~ '-J="--FL--.-.---f-t-i+-+--++~-,:--+fl1l·-\I-Mtit~t+-_-_,:_-(~-_~-_~+~)--- +-G--o_A-_ts_l-+---+---t-1it---+---+--------t-t
..42
.~o~
I /!.Y GoP-+
~~
-1l
ltjl" (Green)
_J_ ~
fl
0 .3
0.4
0.5 0.560.6 0.660.7
0 .8
0.9
1.0
I.I
Wave length (microns)
The spectral output obtained from some common LED materials is plotted against two com-
monly used detector materials and the human eye. Note how the eye peaks around green.
and fall times, on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds, are observed. The inherently fast devices can be Re-time constant limited if the series resistance-junction capacitance product exceeds the intrinsic device speed. The junction capacitance value increases with junction area and increased doping levels in the material. Capacitance is on the order of hundreds of picofarads in most low-power discrete devices.
Undesirable mechanism As is true of other semiconductor devices, LEDs
withstand mechanical and environmental stresses quite well. The one mechanism that seems to be of concern relates to a gradual decrease of external quantum efficiency under forward bias conditions. The latest thinking on the mechanisms causing this effect is related to migration of impure atoms such as interstitial copper or zinc to positions in the lattice where they act as nonradiative recombination centers. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain this unwanted migration :
a. The Longini mechanism whereby a charged atom is injected across the junction when forward biased in the same manner as holes and electrons, but with much lower probability. The magnitude of the atom's lattice diffusion coefficient can be high enough near room tern-
40
perature for it to migrate to the region of the junction and be injected into the region of opposite polarity. It is postulated that when the atom is injected across the junction, it occupies a non-radiative site.
b. The phonon kick mechanism, whereby phonons created during the recombination process have a (very low) probability of providing enough energy to cause an impurity atom to migrate to a region where it can act as a non-radiative recombination center.
No matter which explanation is correct, this effect is more prevalent in devices operating at very high current densities, such as semiconductor injection lasers.
With technological improvements constantly occurring and in~reased manufacturer competition, prices on LEDS are falling into the ranges which attract customer interest. There is no doubt that these products will comprise an ever-increasing share of the growing optoelectronics industry.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL Light-emitting diodes, semiconductors
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
I· ibl
... from the MOD line
If you need a visual indication of what is happening in your system, equipment or instrument you should be using the FLV100 or FLV101 light emitting diode. Either one will provide you with a bright red status indicator. These products feature· Low cost (99c in 10,000 quantities) · High brightness (typically 1500 foot lamberts for the FLV100) · Mechanical rigidity (impervious to mechanical shock and vibration) · Solid state reliability · Moisture resistance (65 °C and 95% relative humidity)· Low power consumption (within drive capability of standard digital IC's) · Wide viewing angle (160 degrees for FLV101) · Plug in package for easy mounting You can have either a large area , wide viewing angle indicator (the FLV101) or
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
a highly intense point light source (the FLV100) for the same low price. Whether you need one lamp for an ON/OFF switch or thousands for a complex panel display you should contact Fairchild MOD. Fairchild Microwave and Optoelectronics Division (MOD), in addition to these devices, makes a complete line of optoelectronic products. Your local Fairchild MOD distributor, listed to the right, has sensors and emitters in stock. You can order the devices you need from him or if you need detailed information he will be glad to send you data sheets. The FL V100 and FLV101 are the latest optoelectronics devices from Number 1. Keep watching Number 1 because more new products are on the way.
FAIRCHILD MOD DISTRIBUTORS
SCHWEBER ELECTRONICS (516 ) 334-74 74 (617) 891 -8484 (301) 427-4977 (205) 539-2756
(416) 925-2471 (216) 336-7020
(305) 92 7-0511
HAMILTON / AVNET SALES (213) 870-7171 (415) 961 -7000 (714) 279-24 21 (206 ) 624-5930
(713) 526-4661 (303 ) 433-8 55 1
(602) 272-2601 (503) 255-8550
COMPUTER COMPONENTS CORP (214) 239-0271
SEMICONDUCTOR SPECIALISTS. INC (312) 279- looO (313) 255 -0300 (513 ) 278 -945 5 (317 ) 243-8271 (612) 861 -3400 (314 ) 423-6500
(412 ) 351- 3611
FAIRCHILD
MICROWAVE AND OPTOELECTRONICS
A DIVISION or 'A IRCHI LO CAM ERA AN O INS TRU MEN T CORPO RA TION
251 3 Charleston Rd., Mt. View, Ca. 94040
Circle 1 on Inquiry Card
41
One of these panels any capital
·sone.
42
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
was wired without investment.
It was wired with AMP's unique TERMl-POINT* point-to-point automatic machine wiring.
The other panel was wired with wraptype terminations. Which required a considerable capital investment.
There's no capital investment with the AMP method because you don't have to buy any wiring machine. And the system is faster, more reliable, and easily maintainable.
Two types of AMP application tools
One is a numerically controlled and fully automated machine. It wires panels on a pre-determined pattern by means of a programmed tape . On a grid of .001 ". For example, on a .156" by .188" edgeconnectorcabled to an 10 connector having .200" by .200" grid. This machine can duplicate your present wire routings and produce up to 1000 leads per hour. The other tool is a hand gun. It holds a reel of clips and operates pneumatically. It's ideal for prototype, standard production, or onthe-spot servicing.
Metal clips swage the wire against the post And the wire can be either solid or stranded. The clips are fed from one reel; the wire from another. They' re applied to the post simultaneously. The clips hold with a spring action. The stored energy of this clip keeps the connection gas tight. And compensates for conductor creep. The clip keeps resistance low, too, because of the high force it exerts on the wire. In short, the clip assures greater reliabil ity.
*Tra demark of AMP In co rp orated
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
TERM I-POINT terminations are easier to test, maintain and service
The termination can be inspected visually. And the tensile strength is tested (non-destructively) using a simple spring force gauge. There can be up to three terminations per post. Yet you can remove any one without disturbing the others. A simple hand extraction tool makes it easy.
You'll need to know more
If the lower costs and greater rel iability of our point-to-point wiring system makes sense to you , learn more about it and its associated connectors and accessories. Write to Industrial Division, AMP Incorporated, Harrisburg, Pa. 17105.
INCORPORATED
Circle 20 on Inquiry Card
43
THE WESTERN COLUMN
Ion implantation
Ion implantation (I I) is slowly gaining a toehold in microcircuit processing (see The Electronic Engineer, January 1969, p. 68) . Since January, 1970, Mostek Corp. has been quietly fabricating low threshold MOS/LSI circuits in production quantities, using a proprietary II process. Their p-channel circuits are directly DTL/TTL compatible without any external components. They have shipped more implanted (listed in the Mostek catalog simply
as "full DTL/TTL compatibility") than non-implanted circuits.
The process uses the silicon sub-
strate oriented in the <I 11 > direc-
tion for high channel mobility. Since the dielectric is the conventional Si02, field oxide thresholds over 30 V are achieved with device thresholds between 1.0 and 2.0 V. Device thresholds can be tailored higher or lower by this process. Mostek's process development programs and implantations are carried out at the Sprague Electric R&D Center in North Adams, Mass.
Ion bombardmentanother cool process
At a recent meeting of the American Vacuum Society in Anaheim, Professor James Gibbons of Stanford University-a pioneer of ion implantation -described a new low-temperature process for semiconductors. He coated silicon substrates with the same dopant that would have been used for a diffused semiconductor, heated them in vacuum to about 600°C (as opposed to over 1000°C for thermal diffusion) , and bombarded them with a high energy proton beam.
For beam energies above 100 eV. the bombarding protons are stopped within the substrate primarily by electron interaction. Below 100 eV, the protons undergo nuclear interactions and can form vacancy-interstitial pairs (called Frenkel defects) . As a result, the protons produce vacancies in the silicon lattice at the end of their path, forming a thin layer as shown in the figure below. The depth of this layer can be controlled by controlling the energy of the beam.
The vacancies diffuse away from the
layer in both directions. Those that reach the surface meet the dopant, which substitutes itself into the vacancies and begins to diffuse into the substrate. The proton-induced vacancies have the same effect on diffusion as does increased temperature. For example, Dr. Gibbons has seen diffusion rates for boron into silicon increase 1000 times at a given temperature.
The dopant diffuses toward the vacancy layer, as though the effective temperature of the substrate would increase toward this layer. Beyond this
Dopant\.
- ---n-"-
--
Silicon substrate
a soo ·c
-
/
Range of p,roton stopping
Cool diffusion. Protons bombarded at 600°C penetrate the substrate and create vacancy-interstitial pairs in a narrow layer where they come to rest. Vacancies drift toward the surface and enable the dopant to diffuse into the silicon at a rate comparable to diffu· sion at a higher temperature.
layer, the effective temperature decreases smoothly to the substrate temperature (600°C) within a distance of about l 000 A. This yields graded impurity profiles for short diffusion times, and abrupt junctions for long diffusion times. The depth of an abrupt junction made this way, is completely independent of doping level over a range of 8 x 1014 to 5 x 101s atoms/ cm3.
Professor Gibbons has filed patent applications on this process and believes it "could be more significant commercially than ion implantation."
Western Editor
~Circle :fa on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Where's the trend to denser p.c. packing going?
Here's one answer. Actual size.
Use Elco Series 6309 card-edge connectors and you can
condense the connectors for ten pc boards into 17.1
square inches. Without paying a premium for the privilege.
That's one thousand contacts. On .100" centers. Ready
for wrapping. Easy.
But that's only one answer. We have eighteen others.
With contact spacings of .100", .125", .150", or .200",
accommodating from 14 to 100 contacts in eight different
basic configurations.
And that's not counting our Mojo TM (.150") modular
connectors, which obligingly, inexpensively, change their
size to suit the job at hand.
Ready to accept your boards. Ready to be mounted
on metal plates, frames, and boards and with their tails
wrapped for whatever little thing you're making. (We
can even do that job for you.)
You'll find all our little helpers in the Elco Card-Edge
Connector Guide. Call, write, wire or TWX us for a copy.
Elco Corporation, Willow Grove, Pa. 19090.
215-659-7000; TWX 510-665-5573. Or Elco Pacific, 2200 Park Place,
~
_
El Segundo, California 90245.
213-675-3311; TWX 910-325-6602.
E iCQ lL.:
Card Edge Connectors
Circle 22 on Inquiry Card
One of the nicest things about our new MSI Multiplexer
Even multiplexers can't escape the advantages of MSI family
planning. (When we plan a family, we plan a complete family.)
Here's proof: The 9322. Our third extremely ver satile
MSI multiplexer. A high-speed, quad two-input device that
consists of four multiplexing circuits with common select and
enable logic. Each circuit contains two inputs and one output.
Of course, the 9322 is ideal for moving data from a group of registers
to a common output buss. But, being a very versatile device,
it has many other applications. For example, it can be used to generate any
four functions of two variables.
This latest addition to our MSI family gives us a well-rounded multiplexer
capability. In addition to the 9322, we have the 9309 dual four-input
multiplexer and the 9312 eight-input multiplexer which feature
complementary outputs.
All three devices offer on-chip
select logic decoding, fully buffered
outputs, typical through delay
of 9ns, and complete compatibility
with Fairchild DTµL, LPDTµL, TT:L and MSI families.
s 1oa l1a lob '1b lac 'ic '0c:t l1d
9322
Quad 2 Input Multiplexer
E
Za
Zb
Zc
To ord er MSI Multiplexers, call your Fairchild Distributor and ask for :
PART
TEMPERATURE
PRICE (100-
NUMBER PACKAGE
RANGE
(1-24) (25-99) 999)
U6B930951X U6B930959X U4L930951X U4L930959X U6B931251X U6B931259X U4L931251X U4L931259X U6B932251X U6B932259X U4L932251X U4L932259X
DIP DIP Flat Flat DIP DIP Flat Flat DIP DIP Flat Flat
-55°C to + 125°C $1 5. 80 0°C to + 75°C 7.90
-55°C to + 125°C 17.40 0°C to + 75°C 8.70
-55°C to + 125°C 15.80 0°C to + 75°C 7.90
-55°C to + 125°C 17.40 0°C to + 75°C 8.70
-55°C to + 125°C 15.80 0°C to + 75°C 7.90
-55°C to +125°C 17.40 0°C to + 75°C 8.70
$12.70 6.35 14.00 7.00 12.70 6.35 14.00 7.00 12.70 6.35 14.00 7.00
$10.60 5.30
11.70 5.85
10.60 5.30 11.70 5.85 10.60 5.30 11.70 5.85
Z-y : E(l1'Y·S + IO'Y· S)
('Y= a,b,c,d)
46
The El ect ron ic Engi neer · Au g. 1970
is the family it comes from.
We put together a family plan by taking systems apart. All kinds of digital
systems. Thousands of them.
Firstwe lookedfor functional categories.We found them.Time after time,in a
clearand recurrent pattern,seven basic categories popped up: Registers.Decod-
ers and demultiplexers. Counters. Multiplexers. Encoders. Operators. Latches.
Inside each of the seven categories, we sifted by application.
We wanted to design the minimum number ofdevices that could
do the maximum number of things. That's why, for example,
Fairchild MSI registers can be used in storage, in shifting, in
counting and in conversion applications. And you'll find this sort of versatility throughout our entire MSI line.
Finally, we studied ancillary logic requirements and
OPERATORS 9304 -Dual Full
Adder /Parity Generator
packed, wherever possible, our MSI devices with input
and output decoding, buffering
and complementing functions.
That's why Fairchild MSI reduces-
in many cases eliminates-the
LATCHES
need for additional logic packages. REGISTERS
The Fal.rCh1'ld MSI £aml·1y
9300-4-BitShift Register
MULTIPLEXERS
9308 -Dual 4-Bit Latch 9314 -Quad Latch
p1an. A new approach to MSI
9328 -Dual 8-Bit Shift Register
that's as old as the industrial revolution.
9309-Dual 4 Input
Digital Multiplexer 9312- M8-ulnltpipulteDxeirgital
It started with functional simplicity,
9322 -~~;i'!,.i- 1 nput
extended through multi-use component parts, and Multiplexer
DECODERS AND
concluded with a sharp reduction in add-ons.
DEMULTIPLEXERS 9301-0ne-Of-Ten
Simplicity. Versatility. Compatibility.
Decoder 9315 -One-Of-Ten
Available now. In military or
Decoder /Driver 9307 -Seven -Segment
Decoder
industrial temperature ranges. In hermetic DIPs and Flatpaks. From any Fairchild Distributor.
ENCODERS 9318 -Priority 8-lnput
Encoder
COUNTERS
9306 -Decade Up/ Down Counter
9310 -Decade Counter 9316 - Hexidecimal
Counter
9311-0ne-Of-16 Decoder
9317 -Seven-Segment Decoder /Driver
9327 -Seven -Segment Decoder /Driver
FAIRCHILCJ
SEMICONDUCTOR
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR A Division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation Mountain View, California 94040, (415) 962-5011 TWX: 910-379-6435.
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 23 on Inquiry Card
47
RODUCT SEMINARS
This column lists product seminars that electronic companies offer to users of their products.
Power Supply Seminar: Aug. 26 & 27, at WESCON. The optional character of linear regulators is the subject of this seminar sponsored by Kepco to be held during the WESCON show. The readers of our magazine may receive complimentary tickets. Simply write to Mr. Art Rippeon at Windsor Dynamics, Box 5500, Sherman Oaks, Calif. 91413, and
Circle 495 on Inquiry Card
Product Noise and Vibration Measurement: Sept. 15-17, Cleveland, $100. Recommended for those with a basic sound or vibration background, or those who have attended an earlier basic seminar course. This seminar is
an advanced study of sound and vibration measurements, analysis techniques, practical applications for product design, and quality control criteria. B & K Instruments Inc., 5111 W. 164th St., Cleveland, Ohio 44142.
Circle 500 on Inquiry Card
RFl/ EMC Instrument Training: Sept. 7-11, Amsterdam, no charge. You'll be interested in this seminar if you're a user of signal acquisition, recording, processing and analysis equipment, and systems used in the measurement of electromagnetic interference tests and other applications. The company's Spectrum Surveillance System Model FSS-250, including computer control, will be used in training, but most of the techniques taught are applicable to any state-of-the-art surveillance system. Fairchild Electro-Metrics Corp., 88 Church St., Amsterdam, N. Y. 12011.
Circle 496 on Inquiry Card
Techniques of Designing and Implementing a Data Communication System: Sept. 14-18, Chicago. Seminar Manager, Honeywell EDP, 110 Cedar St., Wellesley, Mass. 02181.
Circle 497 on Inquiry Card
Operation, Calibration and Maintenance of SDC Instruments: Sept. 1418, San Diego, $200. Here is a basic, practical seminar designed for those of you with a thorough understanding of basic solid-state circuit fundamentals. You'll apply this background to the operation, calibration and maintenance of SDC instruments. Spectral Dynamics Corp. of San Diego, Box 671, San Diego, Calif. 92112.
Circle 498 on Inquiry Card
Theory and Operation of Data Acquisition Systems: Sept. 14-25, Denver, $360. The main objectives of this seminar are to enable the operator/ technician to understand and use his system to its maximum capability, and to assist the buyer/ planner in the selection of the most appropriate equipment. Hon~ywell Inc. , Test Instruments Div., Box 5227, Denver, Colo. 80217.
Circle 499 on Inquiry Card
48
MOOEL 10000
HEIGHT 3.19
WIDTH
3.75
OEPTH
6.50
voe AMPERES
0 - 7.5 0-16 0- 25 0- 33
2.10 1.25 0.85 0.68
MOO EL 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000
HEIGHT WIDTH DEPTH
voe
3.19 4.94 6.50
3. 19 4.94 9 . 41
4.94 4.94 4.94 4.94 3.50 5.25 4.94 7.50 7.50 7.50 19.00 19.00 9.41 9.41 11 .75 16.50 16.50 16. 50
AMPERES
3. 7 4.0 5.6 12.0 14.0 21 .0 33.2 50.0 87.0
5.0
3.9 5.3 11.3 13.0 20.0 3 2.5 49.0 82.0
6.0 3.5 5.0 10.5 12.8 19.0 3 1.0 47.0 82.0
12.0
2.8 4.2 8.0 10.5 15.0 23.0 36.0 58.0
15.0
2.4 3.7 7.5 9.5 14.0 20.5 27.0 47.0
24 .0
1.5 2.8 4.2 7.0 11 .0 15.0 21 .0 33.0
28.0
1.4 2.4 4.0 6 .3 9.0 14.0 20.0 29.0
Note : Specif ic at ions subject to c ha nge wit hou t notice.
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
WELCOME
This column welcome·s new companies or new divisions in the electronics industry.
Put your memory to a test
Just a few months ago Technitrol Inc. of Philadelphia purchased the Honeywell Computer Control Division's memory test products business
and its manufacturing assets. Technitrol has established a new division to design, manufacture and distribute the test instruments and systems. They're working full force towards the development of this addition, the third
The new standard
in standardized
power modules.
For 37 years North Electric has been meeting the exceptional requirements of the custom power equipment market. Now, out of this experience and the engineering skills developed by North, comes a great new line of standardized power modules ... All designed to give you more versatility and a new high in power reliability! Send for North's new Standardized Power Catalog and start buying your custom power and standard power from one great source ... NORTH. Call 419/468-8244 (or TWX 419/ 468-4860) for immediate service. Attention Product Manager, Standard Power Equipment.
North Electric Company Electronics Division/ Galion, Ohio A Subsidiary of United Utilities, Incorporated
working division of the company, and already have field sales and service engineers available to serve customers on an international basis.
Richard Grossman, local sales man-
ager for the new division, tells us that this acquisition is simply "an extension of our present business interests. We've served the memory market in the past with products such as magnetic networks, pulse transformers, delay lines and specialized test equipment. Honeywell worked with the same clientele, so we are now servicing the same customers but offering them an extended range of products."
Those responsible for the operation of the new division are William McDermott, vice president for operations at Technitrol; the division manager, John Eichert; his chief engineer, Joseph Fitzpatrick and special assistant Pat Stanley, former chief engineer of the Honeywell MTP group. Initially, the division will specialize in the design and manufacture of memory test products for core and plated wire memory stacks and planes.
Test equipment modules offered by the new division include current drivers, triggers, timing generators, difference amplifiers, discriminators, calibrators and enclosures. Among the major pieces of equipment is the Model 3601 general purpose memory exerciser that generates 65,536 addresses of up to 80-bit words with system cycle speeds as fast as 150 ns . Another memory exerciser, Model 3602, runs a memory through all its paces in various combinations of tests. And the Model 3702 is a new generation test system for developmertt and production testing of magnetic core memory planes and stacks. Available plated wire test equipment includes on-line testers, wire handlers and accessories and digital program generators.
After having met the challenge of memory testers, Technitrol's new division will expand into other automatic test fields , such as testers for semir.onductors, 1cs, MSI and LSI. The new product list will also include multiplexed passive and active component testers, assembled circuit testers and continuity testers.
Circle 494 on Inquiry Card
Circle 24 on Inquiry Card
49
These six new devices expand dramatically your range of switching options. Now, you can conveniently interface semiconductor logic circuits with inductive loads such as motors, solenoids, or relays. Inputs as low as 5 microwatts can be used to switch 7 ampere loads, for example. Many millions of times, too.
Input/output isolation normally associated with relays is maintained. Installation is conventional, too ... direct onto printed circuit boards or in a wide choice of sockets. These new products represent a happy melding of semiconductors and relays to enhance the qualities of both. Here is a look at tomorrow's switching devices. We have them today!
CD SOLID STATE/REED AC SWITCH Our JOB
Series has a height of only .275". It offers the input/output isolation of a reed relay plus the power switching capability and long life of a thyristor. Its 1 Form A contacts will switch loads of l.7A rms at 25 °C ambient for more than 10 million times.
@ AMPLIFIER-DRIVEN JOT RELAYS Signals as low as 25 microwatts will operate this modified version of our tow profile, Thinline JOT Series. Two dry reed contact forms are available: 2 Form A and 4 Form A. In the 2 Form A configuration, input voltages range from 5 to 24 VOC. In the 4 Form A package, from 12 to 24 VDC . This Seriesour JOA-allows for 0 .5" centers for printed circuit boards.
@ ALTERNATE, DIRECT-ACTION, IMPULSE RELAY This hybrid relay is unique. The DPDT relay employs a permanent magnet in parallel with its normal, single coil, magnetic circuit. Added to this is a solid state flip flop circuit. Thus, our KUR Series has both permanent memory and alternate action features and is controlled from a single, non-polarized , DC source. Contacts are rated 5 or 10 amperes. Because the KUR is designed to transfer its contacts when it receives a specified input pulse and then hold in that mode with or without power, it is recommended for on-off operation or alternate energizing of two loads.
© AMPLIFIER-DRIVEN KUP RELAY The KUA Series significantly expands our family of KU P general purpose relays . Its sensitivity is in the 25 microwatts range ... and its
New from P&B !
so id state re ay/hybrids
that advance the art of
OPOT contacts will switch 5 amperes at 28
voe resistive or 120V 60 Hz, 80% P.F. It is
designed for continuous duty and to fit the
wide choice of KUP sockets and enclosures.
switching
@SOLID STATE HYBRID RELAY Our EBT
Series is a solid state AC switch controlled
by a reed relay. This device will switch 7
amperes rms, 60 Hz at 25°C ambient. It is
fast (operate time is approximately 2 milli-
seconds), and the relay provides input/
®
output isolation. Coil voltages range from 6
to 48 voe. Convenient octal-type socket
mounting is provided. Life greater than 10
million operations can be expected .
@SENSITIVE SOLID STATE HYBRID RELAY Our EBA Series is similar to the EBT (above) except considerably more sensitive. It will accept a signal of only 12 microwatts. It, too, will switch a 7 ampere load in 2 milliseconds and, like the EBT, incorporates an RC network for dv/dt suppression. As semiconductors accomplish the switching, it is bounce-free.
These devices widen the dimensions of electromagnetic switching. They are engineered and tooled. They offer a ready solution to going from low power logic sources to work-performing loads. Information is available from your P&B representative or contact the factory.
Potter & Brumfield Division of American Machine & Foundry Company, Princeton, Indiana 47570. 812/385-5251.
Circle 25 on Inquiry Card
A.MF I POTTER & BRUMFIELD
Thebeautyofthis connector...
it saves you aprettypenny.
Sure, Amphenol's new Excellite audio/electronic connector is beautiful. It's strong and light weight, too. Made from the same tough, molded ABS plastic used in pro football helmets and golf club heads. The lustrous nickel plating enhances the look and value of your product.
But where it really sparkles is on the money it saves you. First off, it costs less to buy. The savings from new, lower cost materials are passed on to you. Secondly, it saves you time in termination. Excellite cable connectors come completely assembled, not as a bag of parts. Your production people aren't
Circle 26 on Inquiry Card
burdened with assembly or bothered with parts that don't fit or are missing. We do all that.
The Excellite line provides a full complement of distinctive 3, 4 and 5 contact connectors that are completely interchangeable and intermateable with all latch-lock type audio connectors.
For complete information on Excellite audio/ electronic connectors, send for your free copy of Catalog EX-1. Amphenol Industrial Division, The Bunker-Ramo Corporation, 1830 South 54th Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60650.
MOS Course-Part SC Associative memories
MOS associative memories p. 54
By Arthur J. Boyle,
Technical Editor
This is the third consecutive month that our Mos course has been concerned with memories' (June dealt with random access and July with read-only memories). From this emphasis you should have a pretty fair idea of where MOS is getting its biggest play. This month, our course discusses associative, or content-addressable, memories (CAMS).
Associative memories have one prominent feature that sets them apart from their RAM and ROM cousins. In both a ROM and a RAM, data is stored in a specific location in the memory. When you want to retrieve this data, you must know exactly where it is stored (its address).
The CAM, however, locates and retrieves data as a function of the data itself, not as a function of an address. With a content-addressable memory, the address is an addendum to the data rather than the search criteria.
It took LSI
Associative memories are certainly not a new con-
cept. The idea was first conceived in the early 1950s,
and a paper1 presented in 1956 proposed just such a
memory that was implemented with cryotron logic and
s~teorrcaogneduacrtriavyes.de(vCicreyso.trAonmealgenmeteinctsfiealdre,
4-terminal produced by
suan
input current, controls the transition of the element be-
tween its two stable states.) Actually, cryogenioc is
certainly not the easiest technology to design into
a computer and yet, despite this drawback the asso-
ciative memory generated a lot of interest 'even then.
It remained, however, for the advent of large scale in-
tegration of semiconductors to make the associative
memory practical. As late as 1966, a survey of these
devices laments, "The major drawback to the development of content-addressable memories is the lack of a suitable associative cell in a practical technology at an acceptable price."2
The content-addressable memory is similar to the random access memory in that it has read / write capability. But it combines this capability with the ability to perform logic functions. It can compare its contents to an external search criteria, decide if there is a match between the two, and then remember the location of each word that did match the search criteria. In a typical operation, some portion of a word is specified as the search criteri a and the rest is ignored (masked). The CAM then searches through all words in memory in one pass and compares each with the search criteria.
Made to order applications for the CAM include sorting, merging and pattern recognition. A brand-new application uses them to allocate memory in timeshared computers. In conventional systems, a great deal of programming time is spent in assigning and keeping track of addresses. In certain applications, the CAM could eliminate the need for this type of bookkeeping.
Despite its years, the associative memory is still at a very early stage in its development. Before practical LSI, it was no more than a curiosity and it's going to take some time for designers to get used to it. But once· they do, new applications are undoubtedly going to appear. Just how big the potential market is, no one really knows. But whatever its size, right now, MOS has a head start toward grabbing the whole pie.
1. A . E. Slade ai;,d H. 0 . Mc Mahon , "A C r yotron Catalog ~t5:'f26, Systems, I'roc. EJGG, Vol. 10, Dec. 1966 , pp.
2. A. G. Hanlon, "Content-Addressable a nd Associative Mern . ory Systems-A Survey," IEEE Trans. on Electronic Comput ers, Vol. EC-15, No. 4, 1966, pp. 509-521.
MOS course-Part SC
MOS associative memories
Storage plus logic, that's an associative memory. With that combination, what could be more natural than MOS/LSI.
By Leon D. Wald*
Honeywell Inc.. St. Paul, Minn .
Associative memories and associatively organized systems, which have received increasing attention in the past few years,1 have recently come into their own through the development of LSI technology making these devices a practical reality . In explaining the principles of an associative memory, we will use as an example an associative storage cell, comprised of MOS transistors, that has been fabricated as an array of 128 cells. Organized as 16 words of 8-bits each, the array is designed as a building block for large associative systems. Each array, consisting of 1296 transistors, is on a silicon chip about 0.11 by 0.13 in . The arrays, which have a cycle time of 300 ns in a memory system environment, are capable of considerably faster operation in small memory modules.
Operation of an associative memory (AM) can be explained by comparison with a conventional random access memory (RAM). For instance, each data storage location in a RAM is assigned an address and data is stored and retrieved by specification of the corresponding address. In an associative or content addressable memory, however, data words may be assigned locations at random. Data is retrieved on the basis of some aspect of the stored information itself. For example, you can search or interrogate the memory for all words that match a specified key or argument in a specified field
"This article has been prepared by the author from a paper given by him at the National Aerospace Electronic Conference, Dayton, Ohio, on May 19, 1970.
54
within the word. All other bits or fields of the stored words are ignored during the interrogate operation (these bits are said to be masked). It is important to note that all words in memory are searched in parallel, i.e., during a single search cycle all responding words are flagged simultaneously.
The equality search described above is the simplest and most basic associative operation. Many others are possible, such as extremum (maximum, minimum) , inequality (greater .than, less than) and nested (combination) searches, and such non-search operations as counting, incrementing, and arithmetic processing of all words in parallel. Most of these more complex operations may be achieved as sequences of equality searches.
From this discussion of associative memory capabilities, you can see their usefulness in list processing applications. An AM is most useful in systems that require rapid access to data tables that cannot be conveniently ordered with respect to the parameter involved or that require similar processing (such as incrementing) of many words in a table. Applications of the former type arise when items are constantly being added and deleted from the stored table. This type of system is also used when table look-up must be performed variously with respect to several parameters (fields) of the stored words. Parallel processing requirements occur when you must keep track of (tag) table entries having some common property; increment or decrement a priority factor every time an entry responds to a search; or add a common constant to some field of every item in the table. Among the applications having such requirements are multiprocessor central controJ ,2 video and radar data processing, character recognition, com-
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Associ ative memory ce ll circuit diagra m .
A m emory write / search/read sequence. Th e wa vefo rm s are from one word of the MOS array described in th e text . The array at the time was operating wit h a 30 0- ns cyc le
time.
0
!'!
.~
~ ~
-"'
., ~.0,
"O 0
If)
a::
O~ 0 _ _ _ _,........._ _ _ _ __
Bit I drive Bit 0 drive
1 r.,.,'"·' "' '" '"' ~ I line drive
O~
~ M~ ~
Word line drive
I 11111· II· I \ ·1' '' \
Match co nditi on
Mismatch con dit ion
Bo
I-- .j
Sea rch strobe per io d
munication multiplexing, message encoding/decoding, and signal processing.
There are many possible hardware configurations for realizing the AM capabilities described above. Among the IC technologies, non-comple mentary MOS was selected as the best compromise for low-cost systems of moderate size, speed, and power dissipation . At the present state of the art, MOS technology permits fabrications of a greater number of bits of complexity in a given silicon area at lower cost than any other approach, and this advantage is likely to remain for some time .
The basic cell
Several MOS associative memory storage circuits have been proposed3, 4 . Within the limits of the non-complementary MOS technology, the described cell was designed for optimality in the following respects.
· Memory cycle time · Power dissipation · Number of interconnection lines · Flexibility of operation These objectives dictate a low impedance, complementary (dual-rail) drive configuration, and the detection of output signals as currents rather than voltages. Al so, input and output signals must be multiplexed on the same lines and inform ation stored as a capacitive charge. To achieve better cycle times, the cell uses bipolar sense / drive circuitry. This particular design allowed little or no logic in addition to the basic cells on the chip because of a need for interconnection flexibility . The circuit diagram for the basic cell is shown in Fig. 1. Information is stored in the flip-flop consisting of Q1, Q2, Q9 ,
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
and Q10. The latter two tran sistors serve as switched load resistors. These may be normally off, but must be switched on at least a small percentage of the time to restore the flip-flop voltage lost to leakage current The selection transistors, Q7 and Q8, enable the cell to participate in "write" and "read" operations. Transistors
Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 comprise the EXCLUSIVE OR function
required for the associative search. These operations will be di scussed in detail later.
The cell was desi gned to operate with a cycle time of less th an 300 ns in either write, read , or search modes. Experimental measurements have indicated faster operation in a simulated memory environment.
Since the storage cell allows pul sed operation of the basic power source through switching of the load transistors, Q u and Q 10, quiescent power dissipation can be made ve ry small. The impedance of these transistors can be increased without affecting switchin g speed because cell capacitances are charged. (and discharged) through much lower resistance devices. In fact, a long sequence of memory operations can be performed with no re-
store current required through Q9 and Q10. Power dissipation is less than 100 µW I cell and an order magni-
tude lower standby dissipation is possi ble. Additional power consumption due to memory op-
e ration s will nor~ally be sign ificant only in the interrogate mode. Theoretically, the comparison transistors
(Q3 and Q5 or Q4 and Q6 ) may be drawing current
simultaneously in all cell s in the memory. However, for the practical worst case with exclusively search instructions, an average of 50 % of the input search word would be masked and 50 % of the considered memory cell s wou ld match the search data . With these assump-
55
Operat io n re gister
Tim ing generator
Wo r d sense/ drive
.. .. ,,1,,1
II
'·
It
'·
Bit line pairs
A typical associative memory organization.
tions, the average operating power, even when executing only searches, will not exceed 100 ILW I cell .
Operating modes
Each chip or array is essentially a small memory, which, with appropriate peripheral circuitry, has three operational modes - read, write, and interrogate (search) . The write and search operations are fully maskable in arbitrary combinations of bit positions. Read and write modes may be executed simultaneously on diffe rent bits of a given word. As man y as all the words in memory may simultaneously be written with the same information in a tag operation. Array cycle time, independent of mode, sequence, or data is approximately 300 ns.
Jn the write mode, information is supplied in complementa ry fo rm to the bit lines, 8 0 and 8 1· The interrogate (/) line is biased off (near ground) . The word(s) to be written is selected by a negative voltage on the associated word ( W) line. Transistors Q7 and Q8 in all cells in the word selected will be turned on (in the low-imped ance state), and the corresponding storage flip-flop is forced to the state impressed on the bit lines. Simultaneous selection of several word lines will cause the specified information to be written into all selected words.
For a read operation the applied voltages are identical to those above, except that all bit lines remain negative. Again , Q7 and Q8 will connect the bit lines to the fli p-:flop nodes of the selected word. Jn this case , the cell is read by detecting the current that flows in the bit line associated with the low-voltage (on) node. The delay required after word selection (the time until
56
the sense current can be distinguished from the capacitive charge currents flowing in the lines) establishes access time.
For the interrogate (search) operation , all word lines are unselected and the interrogate (/) line is enabled. Interrogate information is supplied in complementary form to the bit lines. Thus, either Q, or Q, will be on as a function of the input information (or both off in the masked condition) , and either Q5 or Q6 will be on, depending upon the flip-flop state. When a mismatch
occurs, one of the two p airs of transistors, Q3 and Q5,
or Q4 and Q6 , will be on. All Q11 transistors in the entire chip will also be on.
The net result of these conditions is that each mismatched bit will contribute a current from the Vn
supply to its W' line, and through Q11 to its W terminal.
Onl y if a particular word is exactly matched in all unmasked bit positions will the current from its W pin be zero. As in the read mode, access time is dependent upon the time required to discriminate between the signal and capacitive charging currents.
Conclusions The associative memory array described here was de-
signed to perm it wide flexibility in system organization. While optimized for this purpose, it shows the practicality of building associative memory systems using Mos LSI techniques. In general , a system would compri se a matrix (or several matrices) of MOS arrays with sets of special sense/ drive circuits in both bit and word directions to provide an interface to conventional registers an? peripheral logic. Corresponding bit, word, control and power pins are connected in parallel to achieve the desired memory word length and number of words within the limits imposed by the need to sense and drive these lines.
References
1. H a n lon, A. G., "Conte nt-Addressable a nd A~sociative M emory Syste m s -A Sun·ey," IE EE Trans . on Electronic Com· puters , V ol. EC-15 , No. 4, 1966, pp. 509-5 21.
2. Gunderson, D . C., H eim e rdin ger, W . L., a nd Francis, N . P., "Assoc iative T ech niques fo r Co n trol Functions in a MultiProcessor," Rome Air Development Center, Rome, N . Y., T ec hnica l R ev ort RAD C-TR-66-573, 19 6 6.
3. Iga r oshi , R.. a nd Yaita, T ., " An Integr a ted M OS Transist o r Associa ti ve Memory System with 100 Nanosecond Cycle Time," Proc. SJ CC (AFIPS), Vol. 30, 19 67.
4. Herle in , R . F., and Tho mpso n, A. V ., " An In tegrated Associative Me m o ry E' e m e nt," I SSCC Diges t ( IEEE). V o l. XII, 196 9, pp. 42-43.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Digital design, Integrated circuits, Computers and peripherals
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
111
-11 -11 -11
-
~
· LI
Motorola's " N ew Math" Formula Works Fast
For Accurate, Economical Logic Design
design costs are only 40 % to 60 % of those
Call it "New Math" or old fashioned com-
in lengthy "hand-wrought" methods. To make the system work, Motorola has
mon sense, Motorola's POLYCELL LSI brin gs you custom MOS arrays today. The design accuracy , speed, and efficiency of M otorola's POLYCELL approach are realized through the use of optimum sized "building block" cells and an advanced
computer aided design facility.
developed a flexible Customer-Motorola interface arrangement for complete, clear communications insuring full recognition of cu-stomer interests and needs - and his understanding of his responsibilities, too.
A completely detailed 88 page manual, "MOS POLYCELL LSI," describes the en-
Motorola's POLYCELL LSI for Custom MOS is a total system, starting with the
performance specification and logic drawing, and working through design, artwork,
fabrication, and testing. With a library of predesigned MOS logic cells at the heart of the system, circuit requirements are quickly and accurately reduced to working arrays. Design errors are quickly identified and corrected through the use of logic and circuit
tire POLYCELL program. You may obtain a copy by addressing a request on your company letterhead to Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc., Technical Information Center, P. O. Box 2 0912 , Phoenix,
Arizona 85 036 .
simulation programs proven over a full year
of handling customer requirements. Total
~MOTOROLA MOS
-
. . . LSI The POLYCELL Way!
57 Circle 27 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engi neer · Aug. 1970
The First of the
OPERATOR - ORIENTED
AUTOMATIC MICROWAVE COLLECTION SYSTEMS
WJ-1007A is a versatile microwave electromagnetic surveillance system capable
of automatically detecting, measuring and recording the parameters of all current
types of electromagnetic emissions in the 0.5 to 18 GHz frequency range. It is com-
pletely modular in organization and construction , making operation as simple as
possible.
·
Environmentally qualified tor airborne, shipboard, mobile or fixed-station applications, this second-generation receiver incorporates state-of-the-art improvements in displays and receiver circuitry and components in addition to an automatic signal analysis and recording mode of operation . It instantaneously provides a frequency accuracy and resettability of 1 part in 10'.
And there's more to tell! See us at our Applications Engineering Suite at the Century Plaza during WESCON Week.
WATKINS-JOHNSON
3333 HILLVIEW AVE ., STANFO RD INDUSTR IAL PAR K , PALO A LTO , CALIF. 94304 · (415) 326-8830
58
Circle 28 on Inquiry Card
The Electron ic Engineer · Aug. 1970
MICROWAVES
Designing
wideband amplifiers: let the computer help
Using a computer as a design tool produced a 50- to 500-MHz amplifier with high gain, low noise, and good input/output match. The technique is useful from 100 kHz to 1 GHz.
By John A. Eisenberg,
Techn ical Staff . Solid State Div., Watkins-Johnson Co., Palo Alto , Calif.
Among several ways to design wideband, uhf amplifiers, are design approaches that use selective mismatching of the active devices to obtain flat gain or various combinations of lo:::al and multistage feedback.
To cover a broad bandwidth with a high degree of gain flatness you must compensate for the decrease in the transistor's forward tran sducer-power-gain, S21' which rolls off at 6 dB/ octave as frequency increases. Furthermore, if you wish to make your design compatible with hybrid 1c technology, you should use a few inductors as possible. These considerations imply the use of a special cl ass of feedback amplifiers that uses only RC feedback elements-video amplifiers.
And because you can buy inexpensive microwave
transistors with 2- to 4-GHz fTs (gain-bandwidth prod-
uct) and excellent noise fi gures, you can get high performance video amplifiers in the uhf region-but at a price of reduced gain and a somewhat increased noise figure . However, you still retain the advantages of verybroad-band performance, good terminal vswRs, high repeatability and economy due to the large amounts of feedback, and rel ative ease of design and fabrication.
Getting started Before you begin a desgin you must set your goals.
(For example, the amplifier described here was specified to have a decade bandwidth of 50-500 MHz, at least 30 dB gai n with ± I dB variation, input vswR <2.5, output vswR < 2, and a noise figure <4 dB.) Furthermore, you must have an accurate and rapid means of
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
evaluating the anticipated performance of a design before it is built. So you need accurate models of the transistor used and the circuit in which it is embedded.
You also need a computer program which will print out, as a function of frequency, relevant circuit parameters such as transducer-power-gain response, phrase response, terminal VSWR and, as in all feedback designs, stability criteria.
Since this is to be a video-amplifier design, the basic configuration for a single stage must be chosen. A good choice is a common emitter, de coupled , feedback pair; it's simple, yet lets you match impedances and still get a reasonable gain. You should model the circuit using
+ Vee
Zc2 Zcl
'l:'C>O
--Io
00
Oz
II
rVo RL
Iv,
RE I CE
-=
Starting point. A common -emitter pair is a good choice for the building -block of a wideband, uhf amplifier. It's simple, yet still offers a good impedance match and moderate gain. The de feedback helps to stabilize the bias point.
59
--Io
hrezVce etc.
z'
zc ,
c1= 1+Zc1 ho e \
Re ZE=1+sR eCe
' Zc2 RL RL= Zc2+ RL
Circuit modeling. Thi s h-parameter representation of the cn"lmon-em itter pair is convenient for analysis purposes. However, h-parameters are difficult to measure at high tre4ue11c1es oecause of the difficulty in establishing the open - and short-circuit conditions that define them. Instead , scattering parameters are measured, and con· verted from S to h in the computer.
Read frequency
Print
Read ( S) data
Read circuit element values
Obto ;n (h) parameters
Frequency scale
Calculate independent loop currents Calculate dependent loop currents
Calculate
IAvcJ
Co\culote mag. and
phase
Avm.:·
Calculate
IGrl"···
Calculate Zin' zout
Calculate R ··.·
GN
Calculate Stern
stability fa ct or
Calculate VSWRs
Print circuit performance data
' AvcL =Closed loop voltage ga in · · AvoL = Open loop voltage gain
· · ·GT = Tran sducer power gain · · · · RGN = Source impedance seen
by input transistor
Data calculation. Here is the flow diagram for the ampli· tier's computer-aided design program. The program evaluates the performance of the common -emitter pair, printing out the parameters shown in the color-bordered blocks. Data inputs are S parameters at frequencies of interest, and assumed circuit values. Frequency scaling and circuit element modification are performed at the computer terminal.
60
h parameters. But because these p arameters are difficult to measure at hi gh frequencies, you can characterize the transistors by measuring their scattering or S parameters. The computer program, which tells you the circuit's performance, converts the S parameters to h para meters with little loss of accuracy.
Analysis With h para meters, you can conveniently analyze
the circuit model by means of loop equations. For our single-stage model, there are ten loop equations in allsix loop currents and four dependent, controlled sources defined in terms of input and output currents and voltages. These ten equations can be reduced to three independent equations of the form
[~ B E
(1)
H
where A through L are matrix coefficients written in terms of the transistor small-signal h parameters and circuit elements; / 3 , / 4 and / 6 are loop currents; and V1 is the input voltage. If you solve eq. (1) by Cramer's rule for the independent loop currents / 3, / 4 and 16, you can arrive at all other loop currents.
Programming the Cramer's rule solution into the computer lets it evaluate all the loop currents necessary to solve for · Voltage gain · T ra nsducer power gain · Input impedance and vswR · Output impedance and vswR · Ph ase of V out with respect to Vin · Imped ance seen by the input transistor when em-
bedded in the circuit · Stability criteria And the computer can evaluate these parameters at each frequentcy for which you provide transistor S para meters.
Computer program Written so that you can use a commercial time-shar-
ing service, the program fully evaluates the performance of the amplifier stage. The program has been optimized for user convenience in altering circuit element values, while retaining the ability to handle complex circuit elements.
The measured transistor S parameters at each frequency of interest, and the trial circuit-element values in the form of complex imped ances at the lowest frequency under consideration are read into the machine as data. The computer scales the circuit-element impedances with respect to the lowest frequency to yield their correct values.
Enter the expressions for / 3, / 4 and h (see eq. 1)
into the computer program. The computer then solves these and enters the results of the calculations into the remaining dependent equations, and evaluates each of the remaining loop currents in the form of a compl ex variable. Now the computer can solve for any cir-
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
cuit current by linear superposition of the appropriate
loop currents, as a function of the transistor parameters
and circuit element values. After the computer has ob-
tained all the currents in the model , it can take your
equations and solve for the desired circuit performance
parameters, which are then printed out. These expres-
sions are functions of the circuit elements, transistor h
parameters, and loop currents.
For example, the computer can evaluate the magni-
tude of the closed-loop voltage gain from
J AvcL = 20 log10 [ -R-'yL-!-,
(2)
1
which you enter in the program, and in which A rn r, is the closed-loop voltage gain in dB, R'L is the effective load impedance (including Z 02 ) · and V1 is the signal voltage of the input terminal of the amplifier. The computer can simil arly evaluate transducer power gain, input impedance, output impedance, and terminal vswRs as a function of the source and load impedances.
The program also includes two types of stabi lity information: magnitude and phase of the open-loop voltage transfer function at each data frequency, to which you may apply Nyquist's analysis, and the conventional Stern 's stability criteri a. This data is sufficient to predict uncondition al amplifier stability.
Fin ally, using the loop currents, the program computes the effective source imped ance seen by the input transistor when the feedback loop is closed . You can compare this information with the transistor noise figure vs source impedance contours to predict, qualitatively, ch anges in amplifier noise figure with changes in element values.
38
CD
~
:l:
c a0 .
36
..~"'
~
~ 34
a. E <l:
32 50
--r--,...-..., 4
------Output VSJ R
100
200 300 400
Frequency, MHz
Proof posi t ive. After iterating the parameters of the transistors to optimize ga in, gain flatness, and match, you will have a stage that is easy to cascade. Here are the results of cascading three such stages : a deca.debandwidth amplifier which more than meets the original
specs.
At this point, you can make a new computer run to . optimize the first stage for gain and noise figure at the expense of input match. We did this, and then used a simple two-element matching network to get the required input vswR across the band. The worst-case noise fi gure of this stage is 3 dB at 50 MHz, where the loop gain is maximum. At 500 MHz, the measured noi se figure is 2.4 dB.
Because of the excellent output match of each stage, you can cascade them with little loss of gain flatness. We cascaded three, using the low-noise first stage followed by two MT1061A stages. The result gave us an amplifier which adequately met our origin al specifications.
Stage perform ance A transistor widely used in this frequency range is
the Fairchild MT1061A . With the meas ured S parameters from 50 to 500 MHz, the computer can perform an iteration to optimize stage gain, gain flatness, and match as a video amplifier. You can then build a circuit to check the computer results. Using the above technique, the following data were found.
Freq. MHz
50 100 200 300 400 500
Gain, dB
Input VSWR Input VSWR
Comp. M eas. Comp. ~if cas . Comp. Meas.
------------
13 03 13 .7 1.29 1 05 1.51 1.50
12 .97 13.7 1.56 1. 37 1.53 1.50
12 .98 13.7 1. 79 1. 59 1. 62 1.50
13 . 15 13 .8 1.83 1. 4,1 1. 47 1.45
13 28 13 .8 2 .06 1. 32 1. 36 1.39
12 .02 13 .4 1. 91 1. 4-1 1.21 1.26
Because of the excellent agreement between the computed and measured data, we decided to use the MT106 lA for alt but the first stage of the three-stage video amplifier. (The MT1061A is unsuitable as an input transistor because of its high noise figure in video amplifier service.) Instead, we used a 2N 5650 for the
first stage; it h as a hi gh f T and a very low noise figure .
Hybr id version We have built a hybrid IC version of this amplifier
in a volume one-tenth of the original , discrete-component circuit. This hybrid uses thin-film technology and unpackaged transistor chips, and in one a one-inchsquare alumina substrate. P erformance of this amplifier, which is virtually identical to the discrete-component circuit. Th is h ybrid uses thin-film technology and unpackaged trans istor chips, and is on a one-inch square alumina substrate. P erformance of this amplifier, which is virtually identical to the discrete-component model, has the added advantages of increased manufacturing reproducibility with little or no trimming necessary after assembly.
Acknowledgements The author would like to thank R. N. Kopeck for the
guid ance and technical assistance he provided throughout this program, and K. Stiffey, who did much of the prototype fabrication and made many of the microwave measurements.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Microwaves and microwave products, Amplifiers, Circuit design
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
61
The "foremost-in-film-capacitors" people did it again ... another first from Dearborn I
-65C to +150C OPERATION WITHOUT
VOLTAGE DERATING
NEW! DELTAFILM®'LJ METALIZED POLYSULFONE
FILM CAPACITORS.
OUTSTAN DI NG.
Extended operating temperature range lets you use these new capacitors in applications where film capacitors could not previously qual ify. Capacitance/ voltage parameters equal to or better than those of metalized polycarbonate capacitors. Extended life expectan cy. Impro ved electri cal characteristics. Voltage range from 60 to 200 VDC. Available in hermetically-sealed metal cases as well as wrap -and-fill ep o xy end seal construction .
For complete technical information write to:
Dearborn Electronics, Inc. Box 530, Orlando, Fla. 32802
Electronics Inc.
( a su si di o ry o f the Sp ragu e El ectr i c Com pan y )
/
10- 0 10 1
62
Circle 29 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
IC IDEAS
This month's Ideas
No. 923: Pulse rate filter
Page
65
No. 924: Low frequency function generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
No. 925: Next pulse synchronizer ..
68
No. 926: Digital AFSK discriminator ......... .
68
Vote for the one you like best.
Write the number of the Idea you like best in the box on the Inquiry Card , and send to us.
Send US practical, reproducible ideas that are
original with you and have been implemented with linear or digital ICs.
· If we publish your idea you win a check for $25.00.
· If our readers vote yours the best of the issue in wh ich it appears , you have your choice of a Simpson 270 or a Triplett 600 multitester.
· ·After 12 issues our readers will vote on the best
idea for all 12 issues . The winner gets his choice of either a Hewlett -Packard 1206A or a Tektronix 310A oscilloscope .
Submit your IC Ideas to: Alberto Socolovsky Editor
THE ELECTRONIC ENGINEER Chestnut & 56th Sts .
Philadelphia, Pa . 19139
Here's how you voted
The winning Idea for the March 1970 issue is , "Feedback eliminates switch contact transients."
The Electron ic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Veeikko 0. Jaakkola is our prize-winning author. Mr. Jaakkola submitted his entry while employed at Teledyne Systems in El Segundo, Calif. and has since returned to his native Finland. He h a s chosen the Triplett Model 600 TVO as his prize.
63
D/A Converters A/D Converters
-
64
Circle 30 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
VOTE:
for the one you like best.
923 Pulse rate filter
Quon S. Chow
Northern Electric Laboratories, Ottawa, C'i nada
Here's a circuit that indicates whether the frequency of an input pulse train is within predetermined limits. You must select the RC combinations such that the period of MONO 1 is about 95 % of the input pulse period. Also, MONO 2 must have a period that is short in comparison to that of MONO 1.
The rising edge of the input pulse triggers MONO 1 so that pin 1 goes low. At the end of its time out, the rising edge at pin 1 triggers MONO 2. If the next input pulse occurs during the time when pin 6 of MONO 2 is high, a pulse appears at the output of G2 and turns off the light-emitting diode. If the period of the input pulse is different from that determined by the duty cycle of the two mono-
Input
5V G1-G4 MC 30 0 4P
MONO I SN74121N
4
MONOZ SN74121N
5 10ll
3 4
6 1--1---11........ IO---.--t------1.~
51 0ll
5 10!l IOO!l
5V
Input _ _ _ _ __,n~-~fi _,~_.n.._ _,.___ __
MONO l p in no .I ----~
MON O 2 pin no. 6 -------~ G2 For desired inpu1 pu lse rote - - - - - - - - - . . - - - - - - . . - - - - -
G1 ( for de viations from desired rote) ----------------1r-------1r-----------------
stables, a pulse appears at the output of G1 and turns on the LED. The LED remains on as long as the input pulse rate is either above or below the desired rate .
The example shown is for a pulse rate of 19.26 kp/ s with a pul se width of 260 ns. The LED is turned on for rates higher than 19.7 kp / s or lower than 18.8 kp/ s.
924 Low frequency function generator
Barry Schwartz
Sperry Gyroscope , Great Neck , N.Y.
This circuit gives you two sets of waveforms, either triangular and square waves or a sawtooth and pulses. Changing a diode switches the circuit from one set to the other.
The first 741 acts as a standard integrator while the second is a unity gain inverter. The third 741 acts as a comparator with hysteresis through positive feedback.
Let's assume that the diode is not in the circuit and the output of the comparator is positive. The threshold of the comparator is onethird of its output voltage (determined by the R1 and R 2 divider) .
The integrator starts a negativegoing ramp. When the comparator's thr es h o 1d is reached, it switches to a negative output and the new threshold is also negative. The integrator now gives a positive
33Kl1
Without dio de
/VVVV\
IOKS1
Wi th diode.
16K l1
/1IV'l!l!1IVtl1
ramp until the comparator's new threshold is reached. In this mode the circuit gives you two triangular waveforms, 180° out of phase, plus a square wave.
For the other set of waveforms, a diode clamps the comparator output to ± 0.7 V. This changes the 50 % duty cycle to give a sawtooth
With out diode
...fUUL
20 Kl1 IOKS1 R1
I
!~
I
I
+ I
L~
I
I
I
-{:
from the triangle and pulses from the square waves.
In either mode, the freque ncy is determined by the integrator time constant, the power supplies and the comparator divider ratio. The frequency limit is determined by the slew rate of the op amp. In this example, the limit is 5 kHz.
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
65
end your signal pollution problems
Beldfoil®ISO-ShieldedTMCable
It's the cable with virtually perfect shielding. It's a Belden exclusive. Beldfoil ISO-Shield is like a continuous metal tube enclosing each pair of conductors in a cable. It locks out crosstalk or interference ... whether from outside sources or between shielded elements in the cable.
Beldfoil is a layer of aluminum foil bonded to a tough polyester film (for insulation and added strength.) To form an ISO-Shield, we apply it in any one of several unique ways to meet the requirements of different applications. (See Figures 1 and 2, for example). Each gives more physical shield coverage than braided wire or spiral wrapped (served) shields. And greater shield effectiveness ... even after repeated flexing.
Beldfoil ISO-Shielded Cables are small, lightweight. They terminate easily. They're modest in price. Your Belden Distributor stocks a wide variety of standard Beldfoil shielded cables as listed in the "Belden Electronic Wire and Cable Catalog" (ask him for the latest edition). And, should you have specifications no standard product can meet, ask him to quote on a specially engineered design. Or, if you choose, contact: Belden Corporation, P. 0. Box 5070-A, Chicago , Ill. 60680. Phone (312) 378-1000.
9A
66
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Beldfoil Multiple Pair Individually Shielded Cable
The Figure 1 cross-section shows Belden's exclusive Z-folded Beldfoil ISO-Shield. Note the metal-to-metal contact between the two edges of the aluminum foil. In essence, you have a continuous aluminum tube. And the polyester layer on the outside of the fold assures the isolation between shields so necessary for best performance in the field.
Technical Data
Nominal values for multiple pair individually shielded cables containing 3 to 27 pairs (including 8769 and 8773 through 8778 Series cables) Suggested working voltage: 300 volts rms max. Working voltage between adjacent shields: 50 volts rms max. Capacitance between conductors in a pair: 30 pf per ft. nom. Capacitance between one conductor and other conductor
connected to shield: 55 pf per ft. nom. Capacitance between shields on adjacent pairs: 115 pf per ft. nom. Insulation resistance between shields on adjacent pairs:
100 megohms per 1000 ft. nom.
Beldfoil Shielded Single Pair Cable The Figure . 2 cross-section shows the exclusive Belden Z-fold with the polyester insulating layer inward. This makes use of the high dielectric strength of the polyester film as bonus insulation between the conductors and the shield. (The cable jacket provides the primary insulation of the shield from outside objects or adjacent cables.)
Technical Data
Nominal values for 8451 Shielded Pair Cable Suggested working voltage: 200 volts rms max. Capacitance between conductors: 34 pf per ft. nom. Capacitance between one conductor and other conductor
connected to shield: 67 pf per ft. nom.
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 31 on Inquiry Card
67
· for the one VOTE· you like best.
925 Next pulse synchronizer
Don M. Evans
Lawrence Radiation Lab, Berkeley, Calif.
H ave you ever been faced with the problem of synchronizing to an incoming asynchronous gate or pulse? Frequently in an application like this, yo u can not afford to miss even one clock pulse. This circuit is designed to pickup the next clock pul se in just such an application. In addition , its anti-slice features ass ure that you get only full width pulses at the output.
With the addition of one-half of a SN7473, you can also use the circuit to synchronize asynchronous pul ses to the system's clock. In this application, the level change on the gate input to the synchronizer is replaced with the pulses as shown in the lower figure.
System clock in put
Gate input
Yee
Q
Asynchro-
nous inp ut
K 0
-~, ""'"'
Ga te input of sy nchr on izer
Fr om synchronizer out put
1/ 4 SN7400
Cloc k input ~
Gate inpu t ~
Output ~
Sys te m clock Asyn chronous inpu t
Synch ronized output
926 Digital AFSK discriminator
Arleigh B. Baker
E. F. Johnson Co., Waseca , Minn.
This AFSK discriminator will operate from 1 to 10 kHz and will detect shifts as narrow as 1% . You can select any pair of frequencies in the range to represent mark, and space by adjusting a delay circuit.
For an example, let 2750 Hz represent a space and 2920 Hz be a mark. The input section of the circuit acts as a limiter and the CA 3020 produces square waves at its differential output. The differential square waves are applied to the J and K inputs of the flip-flop .
The MC724 circuit is connected as a monostable delay network and, in this case, is adjusted for a 175µs delay (180 ° at 2835-Hz midfrequency). At the end of 175 µs, the delay circuit strobes the flipflop . If the input frequency is 2920
+3.5V 680.0.
10 K.0.
. . . . - - - - - - - - - 1 - - ---1 4
Output 0 1----- - - 0
T
IN881 (2)
1
L
Input limiter - - ----
Diff. amp . - - -- - --
I MC724
1751'-s Mono -delay - - -- - - - - <
Hz, the J input to the flip-flop will be a 1 and the K input will be 0.
= Under these conditions, Q 1 rep-
resents a mark. The circuit was found to have a
resolution of 10 Hz with a midfrequency of 2835 Hz. Calibration accuracy depends on the time constant components in the delay stage.
68
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 32 on Inquiry Card
69
All solid-state true rms arrives
Dana Labs of Irvine, Calif., is showing its new, premium quality, 5-digit DVM at WESCON . The 5800 features a converter that measures true rms without thermocouples! That should keep the purists busy with definitions for some time.
In a manner similar to Dana's computing rms converter, a piecewise linear approximation to a square law is generated with operational rectifiers . One difference from Dana's computing rms converter is that, in the absence of other signals, the "pieces" fit the square law curve such that the true value of the input is always equal to, or greater than, the approximation.
However, a pseudo-random waveform is impressed upon the input signal, adding a correction to the piecewise approximation . The pseudo-
All electronic true rms. In a, the square law curve is approximated in a linear piecewise fashion . Actually, seven di· ode breakpoints are chosen such that spacing between them is equal. When the actual value of the input falls at a point where the approximation is exact, i.e., the midpoint of a "piece, " the pseudo-random s ignal (PRS) has no effect because, 1.) its maximum ampli· tude exactly fills one span of the ap· proximation, 2.) it is symmetrical about the input signal , spending as much time above as below, then cancelling its effect, and 3.) its lowest frequency is very high compared to the measuring time interval.
:;
.~
Piecewise linear --.
approximation to
:;
square law curve
~
:> 0
Actual value of input signal only ________.....
70
random sign al (PRS) is given a probability distribution function such that, in effect, it fills in the error between a true square law and the approximation.
The availability of an all-electronic precision square law allows the use of active filters, and eliminates the dependence on the thermal time constant of a thermocouple. This leads to more precise control of the dynamic characteristics of the converter making faster rms me a surement speeds possible. Since any of three filter positions can be selected from the front panel , frequency response selections may be made down to 10 Hz, 50
Hz or de coupled, depending on the measurement speed and low frequency response trade-off desired. A waveform with a crest factor of 7: 1 must usually be measured at 1 kHz or
In b, the input value falls where the approximation is not exact. The portion of the PRS between the dashed lines still cancels. The portions at the ends of the PRS' "span" are weighted unequally, because of the different slopes of the portions of the approximation at which they fall. The portion to the ri~ht is weighted more heavily, thus adding to the approximate value . The further "off-exact" the input signal 1s, the more pronounced the effect. Dana claims that it can be shown mathematically that when the PRS is given the proper probability distribu · tion, it will exactly compensate for the error between the approximation and the square law curve.
Input
Actual value
'Psuedo- random
signal impressed
I
on input signal
of input - - - signal only
1
hi gher ; the 5800 will measure such a waveform to as low as 10 Hz.
The 5800 can accommodate two ac converters, so it can be used for realtime ac/ ac ratios. You can choose from an average responding ac converter. Dana's patented computing rms converter, or the all solid-state true rms converter.
The Programmer Printer Output accessory solves some problems facin g users incorporating DVMS into data-acquisition systems. One is the limited lifetime of the reed relays L.JSed for crossing the guard shield. The 5800 uses light-emitting diodes and photo transistors in a unique arrangement. These units offer solid-state reli ability and TTL compatibility.
The 4-wire Ohms Converter has nine ranges from 1 0 to 100 MO full scale, giving a resolution 10 µO and a tot al measurement range of 101a. It has a floating current source with its own precision zero reference, allowing accurate measurements without degradation due to lead impedance. The selectable 5-pole filters are also provided for ohms' measurements.
The basic de accuracy of the 5800 is ± 0.003 % of reading ± 0.001 % of full scale. Temperature coefficients are 0.0003 % of reading and 0.0001 % of full scale per °C. The three switchable filter positions are all filters out, a five-pole Bessel filter with 30 dB rejection at 60 Hz, and a 5-pole Bessel filter with 100 dB rejection at 60 Hz.
The basic instrument price of about $3000 includes de and de ratio, filtering, and auto ranging. Delivery of the true rms converter is about 90 days. Delivery of the 5800 with any other option is 30 days.
For more information, contact Dana Labs, 2401 Campus Drive, Irvine, Calif.
Circle 299 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
T.M.
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The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 33 on Inquiry Card
71
NEW PRODUCTS
Micropower op amp
Solitron Devices, Inc. of San Diego has introduced a general-purpose operational amplifier that will operate o ver a power supply range of ± 1-18 V and use as little as 20 µ.W of standby power. Pin compatible with the 74 1, the key to its improved performance is that the quiesce nt current, l q, can be-set independently of power supply voltage, giving the design engineer a very powerful tool.
T he designer fixes l q in the Solitron U C4250 by choosing an external resistor to connect between pin 8 (unused in the 74 1) and the negative supply voltage ; thus, a range of l q can be obtained at any supply voltage. By controll ing l q, the designer can optim ize the a mpl ifier for the particular characteristics he is concerned with, such as slew rate or for output buffer appli c a t i o n s.
One traditional method for obtai ning low I q, is to incl ude a high val ue resistor on the chip. H owever, IC technology places practical limits on this approach. Another method is to use a multi-transistor internal current source. In this approach , performance at low temperatures is not reproducible, because the source relies on leakage currents to start it. In both methods, I q is out o f control of the circuit designer .
Most popular operational amplifiers
are limited to % V at the low end,
because they use an npn emitter fo llower drivin g into a pnp on the inputs. T his requires a power supply voltage to ove rco me the V be of each of the two transistors, plus the saturation voltage, V 8a1, of the pnp, and the Y sat of the current source th at keeps it goin g. Usin g a V be of about 0.6 V and a V sut near 1 V , 3 V is about the lowest limit of supply voltage that can be achieved, and operation there is not always the best. The UC4250 uses a single transistor on each input and output, so one V be is all th at is requi red to operate the amplifier.
The UC4250 will have applications wherever batteries are used. Medical electronics, portable instruments, telemetry, mon itoring, and mil itary fusing are all potential markets. The low power requirements also permit reduced power supply size.
In medical electronics, 8 V is the maximum all owed voltage without
72
enclosure. This limit minimizes chances for inadvertent connection to 110 V lines and sparking in oxygen atmosphe res. However, de s igner s would like to operate within the ± 3 V range to have some margin. Long term power consumption is also critical. At Solitron, two watch batteries have been running a square wave oscillato r since January. It uses approxim ately I 00 pA of power supply current. The load characteristics show that it will operate for 2'h. years on the one set of batteries, but the shelf life is only guaranteed for about 1.3 years. The batteries will probably destruct chemically before they are used up electrically.
An example of a monitoring appl ication is an explosive vapor monitor that activates an alarm when excess vapor is detected. The battery would be repl aced after an alarm, but reliable monitoring for up to two years is possible.
UC4250 specs are difficult to com-
The quiescent current is related to the supply voltage and an external resistor according to the chart. Normally R·· , is connected between pin 8 and V-; however it ca n be placed betwee n pin 8 and ground , if one-half the val ue of R·· , is used . Such th ings as input bias current and s lew rate are dependent o n quiescent current, but are indepe nd e nt of power supply voltage.
Qu iescent current setting resistor (pin 8 to V)
100
<t c:
I
a,
H
'E ~ 10
0 "
"0 '
:0
:;
c. 3
-=
UC 4250 UC 4 2 50 C
1
10
30
100
300
Quies cent current -(I 0 )- 14A
pare with other amplifiers, because many can be varied by the choice of
= Iq. Standby power as low as 20 µW
is featured when l q 10 µA and V,
= = ± 1 v . Operating at 25 °C , V, ± 6V, and
= l q 30 µA , the guaranteed gain is
100 k into a 10 kO load . Sol itron believes this is the highest gain for any two-stage monolithic operational amplifier. At this operating point the common mode rejection ratio is 70 dB; supply voltage rejection ratio is 150 µ.V / V; power consumption is less than 480 µW ; and the slew rate is 0.16 V / µs ec.
In quantities of 1000, the commercial version costs $8.50 and full temperature units are $23 .75 . Delivery is off the shelf. For further information , contact Solitron D evices. Inc., Semiconductor Division , 8808 Balboa Ave., San Diego, C alif. 92123 .
Circle 298 on Inq uiry Card
Input bias I vs qu iescent I
100 M.0.
UC4250 UC4250 C
10 M.0.
f--
w
a:"'
1M .0.
100 k.O. 0 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Suppl y voltage - (Vs ) - volts
Slew rate vs quiescent I
0 .5
~"'
..>
I
0. 1
~
J: .!! 0 .0 5
CJ)
UC 4250 UC 4 2 5 0C
0 .01 10
30
100
300
Quies cen t current - (I 0 )- 14A
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
PAUL* FIRST PETER...NOW IT'S THE
PRINCIPLE
One way to maintain professional progress is offered by the Chilton Company. A series of self-study courses has been developed in cooperation with the American Management Association (AMA) to provide you with a chance to keep up with the complex and expanding management skills demanded by the sophisticated technology of industry.
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MANAGEMENT AND THE COMPUTER
This fully integrated and up-to-date course is designed to provide you with a comprehensive, non-technical understanding of the use of EDP systems as aids to management ... not substitutions for it. Employing basic concepts and realistic case examples, MANAGEMENT and THE COMPUTER will help you deal with such important questions as :
What can computers do for various types of business organizations? . . . When and how can their use be justified? . .. What human and organizational problems may arise from the introduction of EDP? . . . What are the criteria of a good computer-based information system? ... How can computers improve management decision making?
Five study units are included in this course, each on,e a self-contained unit with text materials, programmed case studies and examination case materials, including marking and evaluation service:
1. Computer Basics for Management 2. EDP Feasibility Analysis 3. Managing the Human Elements in EDP 4. Management Information Systems 5. Quantitative Aids for Decision Making
You may participate in the complete course or in individual study units. R emember ... no special knowledge or background is required ... just a serious desire to equip yourself for the management task of tomorrow.
* Now, on the heels of the "Peter Principle" we have the "Paul Principle"! What is it? Simply : "Individuals often become incompetent at a level on which they once performed quite adequately as they become uneducated for that level."
It's brought about by that now familiar modern menace-rapid change.
Paul Armer, Director of the Stanford Univer-
sity Computation Center, evolved the concept. Notes Mr. Armer : "I've seen a number of executives who were psychologically in a bad way. They were aware they were technologically obsolete and no longer in control of the organizations they managed.
These individuals had climbed to responsible positions in large companies; they didn't lack native ability. Rather, they had become 'uneducated' for the job."
AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
II
<D Chilton
EXTENSION INSTITUTE
USE THE READER SERVICE CARD IN THIS ISSUE.
W.e'll rush an illustrated brochure to you with full details about this management course offered to ambitious, seriousmmded men who want the challenge, the high income, and the prestige of a top management position.
Circle number 160 for information on MANAGEMENT AND THE COMPUTER
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
73
The same pricing advantage holds true for RCA's 2N5038-at $6.25. (Prices of 2N5039 and its companion type are based on 1000-unit purchases. These prices go down as your volume requirements go up.) For the full story, call your local RCA Representa-
tive or your RCA Distributor. For technical data, write : RCA, Commercial Engineering , Section 59H/ UT10, Harrison, New Jersey 07029. International : RCA 2-4 rue du Lievre , 1227 Geneva, Switzerland , or P. 0. Box 112, Hong Kong.
RCll
2N5039... switches off 15 A in less than 250 ns at $4.90 ftG~
Cl)
~
0
&Cl) 300 1---- - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - l,_,_________..._
~
~
ton
0
5
10
15
COLLECTOR CURRENT (le) AMPERES
74
Circle 34 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
NEW PRODUCTS
A new memory: the PROM
Electronic programming plus a monolithic bipolar read-only memory circuit adds up to PROMTM, a recently introduced development of Radiation's Microelectronics Division.
The 512 bit Ms1 circuit can be field programmed even after the chip has been hermeticall y sealed. A fusible link method is used to acco mplish the programmin g. Here's how it works : All bits in the memory matrix are set at "O." To pattern as " I " at any desired location you merely pass a 30 mA current through that circuit a nd the link opens. Jn a ny given word each bit is in series with the base of one of the output buffe rs . Thus, a bit programmed as " I ," be ing a n open circuit, would prohibit base current flow. This causes a hi gh or logical " I " voltage to appear at the buffer's output. Conversely, bits programmed
as logical "0" would let base current flow , causing a low or logical "O" to appear at the buffer output.
With the PROM the re is no need for fin al pattern mas kin g-always done by the ma nufacture r. This lets you stock a single type of ROM for any and all applications through both breadboard a nd production phases of design. Automated progra mming procedures can then be used for volume re q u i r e ments.
Total operat in g power is 400 mW/ device at 25 °C . By usi ng the e nable feature yo u can reduce power dissipation for a device not in use to about 250 mW. If you use power strobing, you can reduce average power dissipation even furthe r.
The ROM 0512 has a 65 ns access time, 20 mA fa n-out current, wordbit expandabi lity, parallel input, out-
put a nd C HIP enable . It is compatible wit h DTL and TTL logic.
You address the 64 x 8 memory matrix throu gh a 6-input decode address which accepts binary codes and allo ws random se lections of any one of 64 words. T he eight open collector output buffe rs will drive up to 20 mA of current into a 30 pF load at room tem perature.
The military version meets the requirements of Mil-Std-883 over the range of - 55°C to + 125 °C. A commercial version is avai lable for 0 ° to +75°C operation .
The new memory costs $61.50 ( 100 to 999) in the military temperature ra nge and $47.00 ( 100 to 999) in the commercial version .
R adiat ion Microelectronics Div ision, Melbourne, Fla. 3290 I. ( 305) 727-54 12.
Circle 300 on Inquiry Card
Function generator modules are here
The Function Generator (FG ) module is I \/2 x 3 x 0.8 in . and it ou tputs a 2\/2-Y, peak-to-peak squa re wave, triangle wave, or ramp. T he ramp has adj ustable rise and fa ll ratios up to 20: 1. The FG module can serve as a function ge nerator, sweep generator, voltage-to-frequency con ve rte r , or fixed-frequency osc ill ator. The maximum frequency is 50 kHz. The designe r can determine the operating range by select ing the value of an ex-
ternal capacitor. Within the range, the frequency can be varied by a factor of I00: I by varying the input bias over 0-5 V. Cost is Jess tha n $100.
T he Sine Converter modu le attaches to the output of the FG module and converts the triangle output to a 5-V, peak-to-peak sine wave. Cost is $80.
The Trigger module, which costs $50, at taches to the input of the FG module . Input impedance is 10 kQ, and it triggers when more than 1 V is
applied to the input. The FG module puts out a single pulse or a tone burst, depending on the length of time the sign al exceeds 1 V.
All three modules require ± 15 V, which can be supplied by the Regulator module. The regul ator module costs $50 and operates o n 18-3 2 Vdc. A PC card fo r mounting all modules is avai lable for less tha n $25.
Wavetek, 9045 Balboa Ave. , San Diego, Calif. 92123.
Circle 301 on Inquiry Card
Self-illuminated switch shows its colors
Most pushbutton switches contai n one o r more miniature lamps to illuminate tra nsluce nt pl astic caps and identifying legends . Lamps add complexity, and require power and connections . Hi gh a mbient li ght makes it difficult to determine if the lamp is "on" or "off", particularly with li ghter colors of pl astic.
In addition , the Inte rn ational Electrotechnical Committee (lEC) standa rds require that a sw itch indicate its condition und e r a ny circumsta nces. A toggle switch qualifies, as does a pushbutton that latches in the down position. A pa nel swi tch that
depends solely on illumination for its status is un acceptable, because bulbs fail. (Sancti o n by the U. S. is about four years away, but I EC standards must be met now by those selling abroad.)
The M arco -Oak R ainbow TM switch overcomes these problems by providing passive, hi gh-contrast ind ications under almost any ambient li ghtin g. In addition to latching down, switch illumination cha nges with the am bient light level.
The latching travel of the switch is used to change the color of the cap. A prism structure gathers light, reflects it
off a color panel , and sends it back to the operator. Lamps provide a fixed brightness, but changes in contrast proportional to ambient li ght are inherent in this new technique-you can read them independently of light level. By using reflected instead of trans mitted light, colors retain their distinctive shades.
Two-level switches are available in almost a ny power rating. Frontal a rea is l x I Vs in . About $6.00 for one and $5 .00 ea. in quantities of 1,000.
Marco-Oak Industries, 207 South H elena St., Anaheim, Calif. 92805.
Circle 302 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Au g. 1970
75
NEW MICROWORLD PRODUCTS
i8 a Test Clips
PPoussths
',
&
I
Stand-Off : Insulators ~
I Binding
'
Posts
Sockets
Test Clips Adjustable tension, threaded studs ar plug in bases, various sizes.
Push Posts Plunger action lets you connect and disconnect quickly and easily, assures positive contact.
Binding Posts Screw type or spring loaded, banana plug or stud mounting, single or multiple units, with various colors for circuit identification.
Stand-Off Insulators High dielectric strength, low loss insulation, low moisture absorption, various mounting styles.
Sockets Lamp or transistor, various colors, various mountings including printed circuit.
Custom Molded Parts Tight tolerances provide you with "assembly ready" units. Thermoseltiog plastics to meet most specifications.
Plastic
Molded
·
Parts
. .. the Difference Between Excellent and Adequate - - - - - - -- C-irc-le-3-5 on Inquiry Card
send for this
varflo sleeving
sample and treat it rough
vinyl-coated fiberglas sleeving for Class 130, Type B, Category b applications
MONOLITHIC SOLID-STATE DISPLAY Seven-segment display is 0 .1 in. high.
These displays come in two package types, a 14-pin dual-in-line package, (Models 5082-7210, 11, 12) and also a flat pack, (Models 5082-72 15 , 16, 17) . You can get three, four and five characters in each package type and the packages are designed to meet Mil-STD-750 for hermetic seals. The modules are compatible with TTL and DTL and require 1.6 V at 3 mA for a 100 ft-lambert brightness. Because they are wired to be strobed, you only need 13 leads to access a 5-digit display. Price is $11.95/ digit in 1-9 digit quantities and drops to $7 .80/ digit for 100-999 digits. Inquiries Manager, Hewlett-Packard Co., 1501 Page Mill Rd ., Palo Alto, Calif. 94304. ( 415) 326-7000.
Circle 212 on Inquiry Card
NEW CAM ELEMENTS Can operate as learning memory.
These two new content-addressable memory (CAM) elements are the 8220 for high-speed and the 8222 for lowpower operation. Both units have addressing and com· parison logic and eight identical memory cells organized as four words, each two bits long. Each element can be conditioned to associate, read, or write. In the associate mode, the CAM units will respond with a match or mismatch answer to each bit presented to the data inputs. Both devices are available in 16-pin dual-in-line silicon.e packages and the 8222 also comes in a 16-pin flat pack. Price for both is $13.30 ea. in quan. of 100 to 999, and are available from stock. Signetics Corp., 811 E. Arques Ave., Sunnyvale, Calif. 94086. (408) 739-7700.
Circle 213 on Inquiry Card
Now test varflo yourself*
Put this sample through your own tests for
Meet both Class A and Class B needs at
dieleclric streng1h, llexib1lity, heRt· and
the one low pflcet And save double be·
flame-resistance. Vartlo will meet the moat
cause Varflo has long shelf l1 le. with no
==~~~;;;;~~~:::::· exacling spec1hcations.including MIL·l-21557
deter ioration
andMtL-1..3190/2.
Vat/.~. .
W. ~rtSlr. .t A~. New York 13440 · ad<1noon1I umplu on requ11111
WRITE TO :
VARFLEX CORPORATION
506 W . Co1,1rt Street Rome, New York 13440
76
Circle 36 on Inquiry Card
MOS/LSI ROM Has access time of 600 ns.
This 2048-bit static ROM is designated the TM2600JC. Two different organizations are available, either 512-words by 4 bits, or 256 words by 8 bits. Inputs are available for enabling the chip and for selecting a memory organization. Two types of output buffers are available : single-ended for driving TTL and the double-ended for driving the inputs to other Mos 1cs and devices. The single-ended output has one MOS device with its drain at the output and its source at chip ground. The double-ended version has its own MOS load resistor provided internally so that no external circuitry is required. Texas Instruments Incorpo· rated, Box 5012, M / S 308, Dallas, Tex. 75222.
Circle 214 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
LSI SHIFT REGISTERS Mos devices feature 5 MHz operation.
DUAL LI NE DRIVER AND RECEIVER For data transmission applications.
These three shift registers have a capacity of 1024 bits each. The registers are fabricated with silicon gate technology and have a total clock capacitance of 140 pF. The manufacturer claims this is one-half the capacitance/ bit of other TTL compatible registers. Models available immediately are the 1402, a 16-lead dual in-line package with four
256-bit registers on one chip; Model 1403, a T0-5 package wi th two 512-bit registers on one chip; and Model
1404, a T 0 -5 with a single 1024-bit register. Priceis$25.60 for all models in 100 pc quantities . Intel Corporation, 365 M iddlefield Rd., Mountain View, Calif. 94040. (415) 969-1670.
Circle 215 on Inq ui ry Card
The 9614 is a dual differen tial line d river featuring a current sinking capability of 40 mA , wh ile the 9615 is a dual differential line receiver that has a 15 V common mode rejection . You can use them as interface devices between complementary transistor logic and current sinking logics such as DTL and TTL. Both devices have open collector outputs that allow a ± 12 V swing and you can adapt them for wired-OR applications. Shorting adjacent pins also gives you an active pull -up output. Prices (100999 pc lots) start at $7.50 for the 9614 and $9.55 for the 9615. Fairchild Semiconductor, 3 13 Fairchild D r., Mountain View, Calif. (415) 962-3563.
Circle 216 on Inquiry Card
MORE NEW MICROWORLD PRODUCTS
H ere are some more products just announced. For more information, please use the circle number indicated.
DIGITAL CIRCUITS
R ead/ write memory. The CM2400 series gives you 1024
to 4096 bi ts. Computer Microtechnology
Circle 201
BCD to seven segment decoders/ drivers. Sprague adds the
US54/ 7446 , 47 and 48 to its TTL line.
Circle 202
Series 7400 AND gates. The US7408A, US7409A and
US7411A are now available from Sprague. Circle 203
Interface circuit. The 363 drives 12 V, 40 mA outputs
from TTL/ DTL. Amelco Semiconductor
Circle 204
Twdve-volt hex inverter. The 332 is part of Amelco's high
noise immunity logic line .
Circle 205
MOS frequency divider. The PD455 is a six-stage fre-
quency divider from General Electric.
Circle 206
Seven-stage frequen cy divider. The SAJl 10 was designed
for electronic organs. ITT Semiconductor
Circle 207
Character generators. Two 2240-bit Mos devices (pM-
S2240C5 and C7) are offered by Philco-Ford. Circle 208
LINEAR CIRCUITS
Op amps. The 741 and 741B are being offered by Precision
Monolithics. $27 and $10.80 (100 pcs)
Circle 209
Micropow er op amp. Qualidyne says the QC 1735 costs
about half as much as similar units.
Circle 21 O
MOS JO-channel switch. Philco-Ford offers immediate de-
livery on the pL4SlOC.
Circle 211
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
~
The world's most un-diversified
company manufactures a
standard or custom size
and type for every requirement.
~/ -VACTEC, INC.
2423 Northline Ind. Blvd . Maryland Heights. Mo. 63043 Phone (314) 872 - 8300
Wrot e for Bulletin PCD -4 describing Cds and CdSe cells; for photocell lamp or LED modules request Vactrol Bulletin SPV -4A for Se types; or see EBG under " SemiConductors · or EEM Sec . 3700.
Circle 37 on Inquiry Card
77
START WITH A LENS-END LAMP
NEW MICROWORLD PRODUCTS
CURRENT SOURCE
LOGIC CLOCK From 187.5 kHz to 20 MHz.
TEST FOR SPOT SIZE AND CANDLEPOWER
\NELD PINS TO END OF LEAD WIRES
The monoDAI-OlB converter is a monolithic I 0-bit precision current source current summing o/ A converters. You can also use it as a feedback e Iem e n t in successive-approximation Al o converters. It fe atures a 150 ns settling time. Precision Monolithics, Tnc., 1500 Space P ark Dr., Santa Clara, Calif. 95050. (408) 246-9222
Circle 217 on Inquiry Card
This crystal controlled clock gives you complimentary Q and Q outputs. Series 7017 has a logic O of +0.5 V max. and can sink 5 mA in the O state. The logic 1 state is +3.0 V min . and will source 1 mA. Operating range 1s - 55 to 105 °C . Spectrum Technology, Box 948, Goleta, Calif. 93017. (805) 964-7791.
Circle 220 on Inquiry Card
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER In new 'mini-DIP" package.
\...
INTERFACE CIRCUITS For A/ D and D/ A applications.
MOLD
TO MAKE A PLUG - IN LIGHT MODULE THAT WILL ACTIVATE PHOTO ELECTRIC SENSOR IN A HIGH SPEED CHECK SORTER
\ .\ .
The LM301AN op amp is packaged in the manu facturer's new 8-pi n DIP . This silicone molded package h as a 50 % size advantage over the standard 16-pin package, and two of them will fit a standard 16-pin dual-in-line socket. Price is $4.85 ea. ( 1-24 pcs). National Semiconductor Corp., 2900 Semiconductor Dr., Santa Clara, Calif. 9505 l. ( 408) 732-5000.
Circle 218 on Inquiry Card
The 7400 series includes a delta modular (Model 7402) ; a delta di gi tal code to analog converter (Model 7401) , a 7-bit parallel binary digital to analog converter (Model 7400); and an 8-bit parallel BCD digital to analog converter (Model 7404). $48 to $66 ea. Jn single quantity. Optical Electronics, Inc., Box 11140, Tucson, Ariz. 85706. (602) 624-8358 .
Circle 221 on Inquiry Card
TTL SHIFT REGISTERS Two, 8-bit MST devices .
' {
SPEECH AMPLIFIERS Operate from 1.5 Vdc battery.
We specialize in finding practical solutions to small applications where cataloged items won 't do . Write, describing your requirement. Tung-Sol Division , Wagner Electric Corporation, 630 W. Mt. Pleasant Avenue, Livingston, N.J. 07039. TWX : 710-994-4865. Phone : (201) 992-1100.
TU NG·SOr
WHERE BIG THINGS ARE DONE WITH SMALL LAMPS
®Reg . T.M. Wagner Electri c Corporation
Circle 38 on Inquiry Card
These devices are said to be the first trul y universal shift registers available. One is the SN74198 parallel -access left-shift, ri ght-shift register and. the other, a parallel-access type, is designated SN74199. $7.28 in 100piece quantities. Texas Instruments Inc ., Inquiry Answerin g Service, Box 5012, M / S 308, Dall as, Tex . 75222. (214) 238-3741.
Circle 219 on Inquiry Card
This fa mily of hybrid devices is designed for small portable equipment operating from low voltages. To complete the amplifier you just add an external volume control. Frequency response is 250-5000 Hz with power outputs ranging from 0.1 to 0 .5 mW (rms). ASC Microelectronics, Shelter Rock Lane, Danbury, Conn. 06810. (203) 744-1900.
Circle 222 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Au g . 1970
DECODER/ DRIVER With memory.
The FTD-1002 is a BCD to 7-output decoder/ driver that includes a quadlatch memory. Each output can sink up to 100 mA continuously with surge currents up to 500 mA if the average power is kept below 1.1 W . Price is $13.75 in 100 quantities. F abri-Tek Micro-Systems, Inc., 1150 N.W. 70th St., Ft. Lauderdale, Fl a. 33 309.
Circle 223 on Inquiry Card
POWER SUPPLY REGULATOR From 1 to 100 V.
You can use the Model UR-1 for very low current applications, as well as currents in excess of 100 A (with suitable external power transistors) . Specifications include regulation of better than 10 mV for zero to full load changes and 5 mV for input changes of ± 10 % . $15.00, (1 -9 pcs). Space Age Microcircuits, Box 426, Chatham, N.J. 07928.
Circle 224 on Inquiry Card
KNOWING THAT
TELEDYNE SEMICONDUCTOR
MAKES ANALOG SWITCHES
WILL BE HELPFUL
Characteristics · Zero offset voltage · Low " on" resistance · Extremely high "off " resistance · High switching speed with little transient · Excellent isolation between drive signal and data signal · High level (0-15v) and low level (0·5v) input control available
Applications · Multiplexers
· DI A conversions
· Chopper · Sample and hold
If you don 't know about Teledyne's Analog Switch capability, mail the ad response card today and we will send you our new Analog Gate Catalog. If you do know about us, you also know that we ' re the largest producer of Analog Gates and have a reputation for problem solving, quality manufacturing and meeting delivery dates.
..,f" ~:k:1~~N~DUCTOR
1300 Terra Bella Ave. Mountain View Ca li f. 94040 Phone (415) 968-9241 TWX: (910) 379-6494
LINE DRIVERS/RECEIVERS For TTL/ DTL signals.
OUAlOlffllt(NllAlllNlOlllVE· OC:Ml·
·~ " JI
·
15
I~
11 lJ
G..., =Pini
c_ = Pon I
The QC9614 driver has input and output diode clamps, output short circuit protection and you can NANO or AND it. The QC9615 receiver features ± 15 V common mode voltage range, freq. response control , output gate with strobe, and uncommitted, active pull up/ pull-down. Qualidyne Corp., 3699 Tahoe Way, Santa Clara, Calif. 95051. ( 408) 738-0120.
Circle 225 on Inquiry Crad
The Electronic Engineer · Au g. 1970
TELEDYNE FIELD SALES OFFICES: Palo Alto, California (415) 321 -4681 · Hawthorne, California (213) 772·4551 · Anaheim, California (714) 635-3171 · Dallas, Texas (214) 357-0259 · DesPlaines, Illinois (312) 299·6196 ·Westwood, Massachusetts (617) 326-6600 · Lutherville, Maryland (301) 825·1920 · Little Falls, New Jersey (201) 256-8557 ·Wappinger Falls, New York (914) 297-4316
· Winter Park, Florida (305) 647-7813 · Dayton, Ohio (513) 298-7207 · Wiesbaden, Germany 370243
Circle 39 on Inquiry Card
79
Circle 40 on Inquiry Card
Circle 40 on Inquiry Card
Available in sizes from 1h to 1000 amps for voltages up to
1500 TRON Rectifier Fuses are ideal for protecting variable
speed drives, inverters, battery chargers, plating power sup-
ples, power controls, and
INSIST ON
o;;:t Snl9 S :1i?:re opa:~~;i:~~ Bn""t!il~··i'W1il\!!U
great cu_rrent limitation
are reqmred.
~::;..;;;.iiii11·.o!1mm--.;.;..;;;_.:__
Write for BUSS Form TRFS
Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-Edison Co., St. Louis, Mo. 63107
There is a complete line of BUSS Quality fuses in % x 1 inch,
% x 1% inch, and miniature sizes, with standard and pigtail
types available in quick-
INSIST ON
acting or dual-element
slow blowing varieties.
Write for BUSS Form SFB Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-Edison Co., St. Louis, Mo. 63107
BUSS: The Complete Line of Fuses and ....
FOURIER ANALYZER
Can operate from an external reference.
IMPEDANCE BRIDGE
With high-accuracy and portability.
Model 825A fills a void in the analysis of rotating ma-
chinery and other complex periodic data. Synchronizing
itself to the base or ref. freq. derived from the item under
tfersot ~
it establishes an internal which it calculates the
digitally controlled reference amplitude coefficient as well
as the phase relationship for the harmonics series. A built-
in scanning mechanism automatically sequences it through
its present range of harmonics. It is not necessary to man-
ually advance the analysis frequency nor is ext. computer
control required to step the analysis. Instrumentation Div.
of Progress Electronics Co. of Oregon, 5160 N. Lagoon
Ave., Portland, Ore. 97217. Booth 460.
Circle 258 on Inquiry Card
The 1656 bridge features 0.1 % basic accuracy, ease of balance and low cost. It is a self-contained, battery-operated, portable bridge developed to measure high-precision components. Lever-arm switches permit fast balances and e ?sy-to-read answers for measurements of C, L, R, and G. 1t also measures D and Q, using a dial-indicating method. A I-kHz generator is included for ac measurements; a connection for an ext. oscillator and detector enables measurements from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. The sensitive detector and wide resistance and conductance ranges make the 1656 an excellent de bridge. $700.00. General Radio Co., 300 Baker Ave., West Concord, Mass. 01781.
Circle 259 on Inquiry Card
80
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
NEW LAB INSTRUMENTS
DIGITAL L-C METER Four digit in-line readouts.
Products with Booth Numbers will be exhibited at WESCON
POWER METER Operates on the calorimeter principle.
.10.50
--n
~ '
Model 9400 measures inductance with a resolution of 0.1 µ.H and capacitance to 0.1 pF. Measurement accuracy is ± I % FS ± 1 digit. Full scale ranges are 100 pF to 100 µF in 7 decade steps, and 100 µH to 100 mH in 4 decade steps. The new meter has BCD output as standard. It can thus be used directly with printers or comparators in automatic go-no-go applications. The readout indicators are lighted display tubes, easily visible from a distance. $550 F.O.B. Concord, Calif. Instrument Div., Systron-Donner Corp., 888 Galindo St., Concord, Calif. 94520. (415) 682-6161. Booths 521-524 and 547-550.
Circle 260 on Inquiry Card
~!~ -
The NRS microwave power meter indicates average power at all frequencies down to de (response time 10 s, error about 2%; accuracy can be improved by a factor of I0 with a suitable voltmeter). The power range is divided into five subranges and can be extended up to about 60 kW by using attenuators or load resistors. Applications include: power measurements on all kinds of signal generators, and insertion loss measurements on cables, filters, matching pads and attenuators. $1140.00. Rohde & Schwarz, 510 S. Mathilda Ave., Sunnyvale, Calif. 94086. (408) 736-1122. Booths 309-310.
Circle 261 on Inquiry Card
.. Fuseholders of Unquestioned High Quality
SEHOLDED
!It I
BUSS has a complete line of fuseholders to cover every appli-
There is a full line of BUSS Quality fuseblocks in bakelite,
phenolic, and porcelain,
INSIST ON
with solder, screw-type, or quick-connect terminals.
B
Write for BUSS Form SFB
Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-Edison Co., St. Louis, Mo. 63107
line of military types . Most are available with quick-connect terminals.
Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-Edison co. , St. Louis, Mo. 63107
Circle 40 on Inquiry Card
Circle 40 on Inquiry Card
81
NEW LAB INSTRUMENTS
CK06 CKOS SIZE
SIZE
001 NPO
RF/IF SWEEP GENERATOR For microwave systems.
PROGRAMMAB LE COUNTER With six decades.
· · · · · · · li!S" emm·
· ·< ·
(,
Model 613 covers 50 to 100 MHz,
3.6 to 4.3 GHz and 5.9 to 6.5 GHz.
Flatness over these ranges is ±0.01
dB from 60 to 80 MHz and +0.02
dB / 5.9
30 to
MHz 6.5 G
from 3.6 to Hz. Output
4.3 GHz power is
+an1d0
dBm at i-f and + 13 dBm at rf fre-
quencies. Wiltron Co., 930 E. Mea-
dow Dr., Palo Alto, Calif. 94303.
(415) 321-7428. Booths 554-555
Circle 249 on Inquiry Card
Model N-6 provides an output signal in the form of a contact opening or closure when the preset thumbwheel setting is reached. The unit counts up to 50 kHz and has automatic and manual reset. A batch counter tabulates the number of completed programs. Numerics Corp., 540 Main St., Tewksbury, Mass. (617) 851-7296.
Circle 252 on Inquiry Card
PULSE GENERATOR From 10 Hz to 8 MHz.
FREQUENCY COUNTER From 1 Hz to 25 MHz.
CAPACITANCE 1/2 PF. to 56000 PF.
O ~AN
1000 ... UP TO 1000 MHz
~
STABILITY ±.3% -55'l Cto +125°C
RIBBO ~ ILA BL E FOR LOW INDUCTAN CE ALSO COMPLETE RAN GE OF
TEMP. COMPENSATION
.........N5600 PPM/° C
~,..
Circle 42 on Inquiry Card
< The Model 701 features rise and
fall times than 3 ns. The output
amplitude is variable from 0 to +5 V
across a 50 0 load and the pulse
width is adjustable from 80 ns to 100 ms in six overlapping ranges. Available from stock at $160.00 each. Dytech Research Corp., Box 162, Agnew Station, Santa Clara, Calif. 95054. (408) 241-4333.
Circle 250 on Inquiry Card
,-.. 1
Model 640 is intended for applications where simplicity of operation is essential. Operating controls are limited to gate-time selection and power. Input sensitivity is completely automatic. The unit also eliminates the typical ± 1 count ambiguity up to 1 MHz. $515. Itron Corp., 11675 Sorrento Valley Rd., San Diego, Calif. 92121. (714) 453-5300.
Ci rcle 253 on Inq uiry Ca rd
RF MILLIVOLTMETER With programmability.
DIFFERENTIAL DC AMP Has ± 0.01 % gain accuracy.
The Model 92A offers a basic ac-
curacy of 1% of reading plus 1%
of full scale. The measurement range is 100 µV to 3 V from 10 kHz to 1.2 GHz in 8 ranges by push-button selection . The instrument is supplied with probe, probe tip and 50 Q BNC adapter and costs $750. Boonton Electronics Corp., Rte. 287 at Smith Rd., Parsippany, N.J. 07054.
Circle 251 on Inquiry Card
Model 7520 has 14 options to give you a wide selection of operating parameters. Input circuitry allows for inverting or non-inverting gain polarity. Key features include: fast overload recovery, self-contained power supply, and output short circuit protection. Dynamic Instrumentation Co., 583 Monterey Pass Rd., Monterey Park, Calif. 91754.
Circle 254 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Products with Booth Numbers will be exhibited at WESCON
MOS CLOCK/DATA GENERATOR For testing MOS JCS .
This unit provides timing signals while generating words up to 32 bits long. You can choose four 8-bit channels, two 16-bit channels, or one 16bit and two 8-bit channels. The clock section gives you single 0 (to 16 MHz), 2 0 (up to 8 MHz) or 4 0 (to 4 MHz) . Signetics Measurement/ Data, 341 Moffett Blvd., Mountain View, Calif. 94040. Booth 525.
Circle 255 on Inquiry Card
MICROWAVE SWEEP GENERATOR
From 10 to 12,400 MHz.
-----
\
Sca11be lights 111y fh·e.
Model 103 covers its frequency range without plug-ins. The range is divided into three bands (0.01 -4.2 GHz, 4.2-8 GHz, 8-12.4 GHz), selected by a front panel control. Continuous sweep is up to 4200 MHz. Price $5500 to $6800, depending on options. Delivery is 60 days. SpaceKom, Inc., Box 10, Goleta, Calif. 92017. (805) 967-7114.
Circle 256 on Inquiry Card
LOCK-IN AMPLIFIER For signals from 1 mV to 500 mV.
The Model 124 mixes a noisy input with a "clean" reference signal of the same frequency. After filtering and demodulation, the difference freq. provides amplitude and phase information . The active filter may be used in any five modes: flat , bandpass, notch lowpass or highpass. Princeton Applied Research Corp., Box 565, Princeton, N .J. 08540.
Circle 257 on Inquiry Card
Let me tell you why. Scanbe has
a new version of their DI PAK@!
packaging system . They call it
the "Swinger." It has hinged
panels that swing out and lock
into position. And that's nice
because I'm tired of breaking
my fingers trying to change a
wire or a DIP. What's more, each
panel has up to 720 14-pin or
576 16-pin DIP color coded Wire
Wrap* sockets in one vertical or
horizontal drawer. That 's not all. If you other young bucks would
..
"THE SWINGER"
like a complete software and
wire wrapping service, Scanbe can make your from /to wire lists swing too.
Write for further information.
* Registered trademark of Gardner Denver company
r::t.::s::l ~ ®MANUFACTURING CORP. A canocsa COMPANY
3445 Fletcher Ave . · El Monte, CA 91731 · (213) 579-2300/686-1202 · TWX : 910-587-3437
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 43 on Inquiry Card
83
NEW PRODUCTS
MOLDED INDUCTOR
Film hybrid unit.
New D series inductor is for thick and thin film microcircuit applications where compactness, ruggedness, and hieh reliability are essential. Because of its configuration (0.060 x. 0 . 1~0 in .) , it permits a low profile m th m microcircuit packaging. It comes with either silver plated copper ribbon leads or solid gold ribbon leads. P iconics Inc., Cummings Rd ., T vn .gsboro, M ass. 01879. (617) 649-7501.
Circle 226 on Inquiry Card
DEPOSITION SYSTEM
Controls rate, thickness to 0.1% .
All-digital thin film deposition system automatically controls deposition rates and film thickness to 0.1% or better with resistance heated, E-beam and sputtering sources. Up to seven independent programmers can be used with the Series 222 automatic deposition system (ADS ), permitting control of multilayer film depositions of up to seven different materials. GranvillePh illips Co., 5675 E. Arapaho Ave., Boulder, Colo. 80303 . (303) 4437660. Booth 209.
Circle 227 on Inquiry Card
SUBMINIATURE CONNECTORS
Approved to Mil-C-38999 . These compact BantamTM connec-
tors use rear release crimp-removable contacts for wire sizes 12 to 28 and can be ordered with inserts accommodating from 3 to 128 contacts. Nine shell styles are available in series 1 lA (range of - 65 to 150°C) or series 1lB (range of - 65 ° to 200 °C) . They have bayonet type disconnect and five shell polarizations. Burntly Corp., Norwalk, Conn. 06852. (203) 838-4444. Booths 3151-53.
Circle 228 on Inquiry Card
PANEL METERS
For restricted space applications. This special shallow barrel unit is
designed for the company's 11/2, 21/2 , 3 V2 and 41h in. G-series panel meters. The 120-GS has a behind-thepanel dimension of 0.940 in. and a barrel di a. of 1.5 in .; the 220-GS measures 1.113 and 2.2 in .; and the 320-GS and 420-GS measure 1.113 in . and 2.75 in . Triplett Corp., Bluffton Ohio 34817. (419) 358-5015. Booth 326-327.
Circle 229 on Inquiry Card
84
RFl/EMI FILTER
Meets Mil-F-15733 requirements.
Model 3299-003 subminiature rfi/
< emi filter is in a 4-40 threaded case
0.340 in. long and weighs 1.0 g. This low pass unit is rated for 10 A at 100 WVde and provides better than 45 dB of attenuation from I 00 to 1000 MHz and 65 dB from 1000 to 10,000 MHz, under full load. Less than $1.00 in prod. quan . U . S. Capacitor Corp., 2 151 N. Lincoln St., Burbank, Calif. 91504. (213) 843-4222.
Circle 230 on Inquiry Card
VHF POWER TRANSISTORS
For communications equipment. Three new silicon power transistors
( 2N5589, 2N5590 and 2N5591) have been optimized for operation at 13 .6 V for fm / vhf mobile communications equipment. They provide 3.0, 10 and 25 W respectively. Tantalum nitride emitter ballasting resistors assure uniform power dissipation from the multiple emitter array. Price in qu antities of 1-99 : 2N5589- $7; 2N5590-$14; and 2N5591-$24. Electronic Components Div. of United Aircraft, Trevose, Pa. 19047.
Circle 231 on Inquiry Card
READOUTS
Viewing angle to 120 °.
Series 10-50 digital and alphanumeric readouts with directly viewed incandescent fil aments can be read in direct sunlight. Features include : low voltage, 5 V and below ; low current, under 20 mA ; variable brightness, from O to full brightness; and small size, only % in. char. height with an overall depth of 0.175 in. Pinlites Inc., 1275 Bloomfield Ave., F ai rfield , N .J. 07006. (201) 226-7724. Booths 231415.
Circle 232 on Inquiry Card
COUNT /CONTROLLER
Only 6.23 x 10.12 x 6.50 in .
Speeds to 20,000 Hz ss, integrated circuitry, lon g life, Ya in. high seven line, or BCD display are features of this industrial electronic count/controller. The precision control is available with either one or two levels of predetermining, and a variety of output timings as std. $160.00 and up. Durant Digi tal Instruments, 622 N. Cass St., Milw a ukee, Wisc. 53201. (41 4) 271-9300. Booth 1303.
Circle 233 on Inquiry Card
SOCKET CONNECTOR
It's pluggable.
~jJJJ . UJ.
·""Rc PS( T£RM1""A.1..
l I
~
J'\
z ~ <#
,
~
!!~':!.~ ® ·
This connector allows replacement of fau lty transistors and diodes in PC boards without resoldering. It also speeds component assembly to PC boards. Socket is a tin-plated formed tube which contains a Teflon® insert. The connector accepts 0.016 to 0.019 in. leads . Machine staking m ay be done with min. center-to-center spacing of 0. 120 in . Berg Electronics, Inc., New
Cumberland, Pa. 17070. Circle 234 on Inquiry Card
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
High torque.
New 86100 series permanent magnet motor features high torque (7 oz.-in at the rotor shaft) and low rotor speed (300 rpm) . Since it has fast start/ stop characteristics and is electrically reversible, clutches can be eliminated in many applications where 2-way operation is needed. A selection of 11 gear trains is offered, providing a range of speeds from 1 rpm through 150 rpm. The A.W. H aydon Co., 232 N. Elm St., Waterbury, Conn. (203) 756-4481.
Circle 235 on Inquiry Card
SCR GATE DRIVE
Three-phase control.
Phasetrol® ss, scR gate drives are for phase control of half-wave hybrid bridge circuits. VPH4000 series drives do not "snap on" when power is applied. They are hard firing with a rise time of 200 ns and signal isolation from the input power line and the SCR gates. Available as either a plug-in or with combin ation quick-connect and solder terminals. About $85 ( 100 quan .) . Vcctrol , Inc ., 1110 Westmore Ave., Rockville, Md. 20850.
Circle 236 on Inquiry Card
MINIATURE CHOKE
Wide range of inductance values.
Measuring onl y 0.155 x 0.375 in ., this new molded choke comes in indu-:tances ranging from 36 µ.H to 240 µ.H and color coded for easy value determination . The 550-3628 is the newest addition to the company's 3628 series. Cambridge Thermionic Corp., 445 Concord Ave ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138. (617) 491-5400. Booth 1405.
Circle 237 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
PANEL LIGHTS Many styles available.
REMNANT REED RELAY Magnetic latching.
IC TEST SOCKETS High temp. (250 °C cont.) devices.
--... ...
9 ·.
I
These relampable panel lights come in nine lens styles, three body styles, and 10 lens colors, plus varieties with no lens. Each has two sets of screw threads: one for panel-mounting, and one for lamp and lens-replacing. They hold T-1 % midget flanged base lamps. $1.45 to $0.56. Chicago Switch, Inc., 2035 W. Wabansia Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60647. (312) 489-5500. Booth 1411.
Circle 238 on Inquiry Card
MILLIMETER WAVE SOURCE
Fixed-tuned, solid-state.
SYG 2040 cw wave source is for
use in superheterodyne systems or as
a low power transmitter. It consists of
a high power avalanche oscillator driv-
ing a GHz
tripler-doubler in the range. Characteristics
at52+t3o5
70 °C
case temp . are: aux. output freq ., 26
to'35 GHz; fund. oscillator freq ., 8.66
to 11.66 GHz; 20 mW min. power
output without filter, and 5 mM min.
with filter. Sylvania Electric Products
Inc., 1100 Main St., Buffalo, N .Y.
14209.
Circle 239 on Inquiry Card
CONDUCTOR COMPOSITIONS
With excellent adhesive properties.
DP-8420, DP-8430 and DP-8440 were developed to provide major improvement in initial and aged adhesion even with high tin containing solders. They exhibit good solder wetting and resistance to solder leaching. They provide high conductivity and print resolution of 2-mil lines and spaces using metal masks. DP-8420 exhibits the best resistance to solder leaching and compatibility with thick film resistors. DP-8440 has the best wirebonding capabilities, has the highest conductivity, and offers good resistance to solder leaching. DP-8430 has intermediate properties. $25 for DP-8420; $22 for DP-8430; $19 for DP-8440/ troy oz. in 100 oz. quantities, f.o.b. plant at Niagara Falls, N .Y. DuPont Co., Wilmington, Del. 19898. (302) 774-8631.
Circle 240 on Inquiry Card
Products with Booth Numbers will be exhibited at WESCON
Latching function in the Class 101 LMPC is done without the use of a permanent biasing magnet or standby power. It latches and stays latched. It operates on coil voltages to 48 Vdc, including sensitive rc compati ble voltages, such as 3 Vdc or 5 Vdc. $8.93 ea. Magnecraft Electric Co., 5575 N . Lynch Ave ., Chicago, Ill. 60630. (312) 282-5500. Booth 1216.
Circle 241 on Inquiry Card
FET OP-AMP
Intern ally compensated.
Model P201-7 is for use in integrators, buffers and general purpose applications. It is particularly useful in applications requirin g hi gh input imp. (1012 0) and low bi as current ( 5 pA) . It has a 250,000 voltage gain, 1012 0 de input res., 5 pA offset current and 35 µV/° C voltage drift. Output voltage is ± 11 V and output current is ± 5.5 mA . $14.50 (1 -9) . Polytron Devices, Inc ., 844 E . 25th St. , Paterson , N .J. 07513 . (201) 5235000.
Circle 242 on Inquiry Card
BATTERY-POWERED METER
Makes portable DPM use practical.
A battery-power option for the company's digital panel meters (3300 series) makes it practical to use DPM's in portable equipment. Basic panel meters feature 200, 2000, or 4000 count capacity displays. With the battery option, they can use any de source from 10.5 to 16 V. All meter options operate normall y on battery power. Electro-Numerics Corp., 2961 Corvin Dr., Santa Clara, Calif. 95051. (408) 73 8-1840.
Circle 243 on Inquiry Card
POWER MULTICOUPLER
Covers 250 kHz to 110 MHz.
Model PM 40-4 is a four-way hybrid coupler with an average power rating of 40 W at 75 °C case temp. Specs include : max . insertion loss, 0.4 dB; amplitude balance. 0.2 dB; vswR 1.2 : 1 max .; and isolati on, 25 dB min . $210.00. Electronic N avigation Industries Inc., 1337 Main St. East, Rochester, N.Y. 14609. (716) 288-2420.
Circle 244 on Inquiry Card
These miniature multi-lead T0-5 sockets are we1J suited for hand test or burn -in . Three, four, six, eight, 10, 12, and dual 6 contact arrangements are std. Tapered entry makes possible easy hand or automatic loading. Minimum lead length is 0.4 in . and std . terminations may be dipped or hand soldered. Textool Products, In c., 1410 Pioneer Dr. , Irving, Tex. 75060. (214) ME 1-5585.
Circle 245 on Inquiry Card
SPLITTER/COMBINER
Features 3 dB power division .
Model 8007 and 8008 (shown) 2-way and 4-way power splitter/ combin ers operate from 5 MHz to I .5 GHz. Insertion loss is 1 dB between input and one output and imped ance
is 50 0. Isol ation , 5 MHz to 100
MHz is - 40 dB, 100 MHz to 500 MHz it's - 30 dB, and 500 MHz to 1.5 GHz it's - 20 dB, measured between two outputs. Reynolds Electronics In c., 1915 University Ave., Palo Alto, Calif. 94303 . (415) 325784 1. Booth 406 .
Circle 246 on Inquiry Card
CLOCK OSCILLATORS
Crystal controlled .
The C0-230 series units operate from 5 Vdc and furnish TTL/ DTL compatible output at any freq . in the 4 kHz through 50 MHz range. Stability of std . units is ± 0.0025 % over 0 ° to 70 °C. These oscillators are for PC board use and include units as small as Yi in .3 and profile as low as 0.3 in . Units in the 1-15 MHz range are $75.00. Vectron Laboratories , Inc., 121 Water St., Norwalk, Conn . 06854. (203) 853-4433. Booth 1904.
Circle 247 on Inquiry Card
ULTRASONIC CLEANERS
For benchtop use.
Sm all est of these cleaners is only 5 in .2; the largest. 14 x 9 x 8Y2 in . Compl etely self-tuning, there are no adjustment or control knobs, onl y an ON / OFF switch and pilot light. All circuitry is ss, mounted on G -10 hoard , anc hored in the base. Integral also is the lead zircon ate titanate generati ng transduce r. American Electrical H eater Co ., American Beauty Div., 61 I0 Cass Ave.. D etroit, Mich. 48202. (313) 875 -2505.
Circle 248 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
85
NEW PRODUCTS
POWER SUPPLY
Operates at 80 % efficiency.
LB-720 series performs at 80 % efciency at current ratings to 300 A and voltage ranges to 300 Vdc. Six different models are offered at ranges from 0-7.5 V to 0-300 V . All are remotely programmable over the entire voltage ran ge. An electronic ripple reducer produces low output ripple-< 10 mV rms, max. Lambd a Electronics Corp., 515 Broad Hollow Rd ., Melville, N.Y. 11746. (516) 694-4200. Booths 100709 .
Circle 262 on Inquiry Card
DIP SOLDERING MACHINE
Se mi-n utom atic.
This portable machine speeds DIP solderin g of P C boards and the tinning of 1c leads. Th e portasolder adjusts to fit any size and sh ape P CB up to 51h x I I in . More than on e P CB can be accommodated at a time. Arms of the Portasolder extend away from the solde r bath for easy loading and unloadin g. Temperature can be regulated to 650 °F . Dentronix Corp., Box 327 , 977a Bristol Pike, Cornwells Heights, Pa. 19020. (215) 639-6200.
Circle 263 on Inquiry Card
MINIATURE INDUCTOR
Only 0.25 in.a.
Model 4220 microinductor has a freq . range of 50 Hz to 50 kHz. It meets Mil-T-27 grade 5 requirements, with PC pin type terminals, sealed construction and laminated core for high efficiency. Maximum op. temp. is +130°C, ind. range is 0.01 mH to 66 H, and insulation res. is 10,000 MO. It weighs 1.2 g. $5.40 to $7.00 ea. ( 10-24) Bourns Pacific Magnetics Corp., 28151 Hwy, 74, Romoland, Calif. 92380.
Circle 264 on Inquiry Card
CHIP RESISTORS
Range of 10 0 to 5 MO units.
MDI cermet chip resistors are available in a variety of terminations for the most complex bonding problems. They have a T CR of ± 300 ppm/ °C, ± 150 ppm/ °C, or ± 50 ppm/° C. Ope ra ting temp. is - 55 ° to + 125 °C. Resistors measure 0.050 1 x 0.040 w or 0.075 I x 0.050 in . w. Thickness is from 0.012 in . Prices start · at $0.10 ea. Monolithic Dielectrics Inc., 1114 W. Magnolia Blvd., Box 647 , Burbank, Calif. 91503 . (213) 848-4465.
Circle 265 on Inquiry Card
MEASURES ONLY 1" DIAMETER BY 1" LONG OR 1" CUBE
0 WEIGHS JUST 1 OUNCE DAIR BEARING 0 AIR FLOW
REVERSIBLE 0 DELIVERS 7.5 CFM AT FREE DELIVERY
0 FLANGE OR SERVO MOUNTING
Actual size! Rotron's new Nanos0 fan
Want lo find o ut mo re about th is extrem ely small air moving device ? Cal l 9 14-679-2401 o r writ e t o Ro tr o n In co rp o rated , Woodst ock , N . Y. 12498
Jll INCORPORATED
Visit ROTRON at WESCON SHOW BOOTHS: 3051-3053
86
Circle 45 on Inquiry Card
FILM CAPACITORS
Molded case offers protection.
Type 417 Film ite 'E' capacitors (PETP pol ye~rer film) are well-suited for use under high humidity conditions. They come in std. ratings of 100, 200, 400, and 600 Vdc with values from 470 pF to 0.1 µF . Rated op. temp. range is from - 55° to +85°C. They may, however, be operated up to + l 50°C when derated to 70% of the 85 °C rated WV. Sprague Electric Co. , Marshall St., North Adams, Mass. (413) 664-4411. Booths 1412, 1421 and Unit A.
Circle 266 on Inquiry Card
AUTOMATIC PRESS-FITTER
Up to 3,600 terminal insertions/ h.
The double feed -bowl SS-DAB can insert any of three different components, selecting at the flick of a switch from left bowl auto matic, righ t bowl automatic or manual feed. Feed-thrus, standoffs, and double standoffs may be inserted into a single chassis without clown time for cleaning and refill of the component-feed system. Sealectro Corp., 225 Hoyt St., Mamaroneck, N.Y. 10543. (914) 698-5600. Booths 25-09 & 23-16 to 23-19.
Circle 267 on Inquiry Card
FET OP AMP
1.0 µs settling, 0.01 % gain accuracy.
Model 3401A FET op amp will operate as a buffer (voltage follower) with gain accuracy of 0.01 % and settling time of <LO µs. It is tolerant of capacitive loads. It has high CMR over the entire ± 10 V common mode range. Thus the max. gain error, including nonlinearity is ±0.01 % ( ± 1 mV, for ± 10 V input) . $45.00. BurrBrown Research Corp., International Airport Industrial Park, Tucson, Ariz. 85706. (602) 294-1431. Booths 11351136.
Circle 268 on Inquiry Card
DIE HANDLING SYSTEMS
Increase yield.
Model DS-1010 Mini-SortTM and Model DS-1021 automatic transfer system eliminate costly, time consuming, manual reorientation of dice after the break operation, and also the need for manually loading die-attach or die-bond equipments. Yield is increased because the dice never come in scrubbing contact with one another; no good dice are Jost through operator spills; and the use of constant contact pressures eliminates the cosmetic and mechanical losses associated with manual handling. Teledyne TAC, 10 Forbes Rd., Woburn, Mass. 01801. (617) 935-5400. Booths 1601-02.
Circle 269 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
SELECTOR SWITCH Combines popular features.
CERAMIC FM FILTER Replaces bulkier i-f cans.
This R10 relay was designed to be
· COMPACT · VERSATILE · DEPENDABLE
I
With this bi-directional switch you push one button to add, another to subtract. Good for readout or programming control, the add or subtract selector switch has full field readability and large numbers. Either panel mount or behind-the-panel mounting. Electrical readout is in either 10 position or BCD code. The 10-pos. decimal switch costs $4.75 ea. Durant Digital Instruments, 622 N. Cass St., Milwaukee, Wis. 53201. (414) 271-
9300. Circle 270 on Inquiry Card
New 10.7 MHz bandpass (FM-4) filter has distortion-free performance to a stopband above 45 dB, with 3 dB
bandwidth 235 kHz and 40 dB bandwidth 825 kHz. Adjacent channels 400 kHz apart are suppressed more than 35 dB with a single filter circuit. Where two filters are cascaded, stop-
< banc;Is above 90 dB are achieved. Rip-
ple 1s 1 dB, typ. insertion loss is 3 dB. $0.50 (100,000). Gould Inc. Piezoelectric Div., 232 Forbes Rd., Bedford, Ohio 44146.
Circle 273 on Inquiry Card
CERMET POTENTIOMETER
With Mil Spec immersion seal.
Model 3322 is the first cermet single-turn pot. to be listed on the DESC QPL/ Mil-R-22097 . Style RJ50. The
Palirium® element pot is only 0.25 in . in dia. x 0.24 in. high and is sealed to withstand any wave soldering and immersion cleaning process. Operating temp. range is -65° to +175°C, and
resistance range 10 0 to 1 MO. It
has a 0.5 W (at 85°C) pwr rating and a TC of ± 100 ppm/ °C over entire temp. and resistance range. Trimpot Products Div., Bourns, Inc., 1200 Columbia Ave., Riverside, Calif. 92507. (714) 684~1700.
Circle 271 on Inquiry Card
POWER SUPPLY
For op amp and logic circuit designers.
You can now get plus and minus
15 Vdc at 60 mA (for op amps) and
5 Vdc at 500 mA (for logic 1cs) in a
single. "plug-in" package from one
source. Also built into the Model
299 is 40 mA of plus and minus
25 Vdc unreg. for lamp or relay
driving. Specs for the + / -15 Vdc
ninocilsuedaen0d.0r5ip%plelin<e
and load reg. and 1 mV rms. The 5
Vdc supply has 0.5% reg. and also
has < 1 mV rms noise ripple. $78 (1
to 9) and $55.60 (100 pcs). Calif.
Electronic Mfg. Co., Inc., Box 555,
Alamo, Calif. 94507. (415) 932-3911.
Circle 272 on Inquiry Card
Products with Booth Numbers will be exhibited at WESCON
RACK ASSEMBLY
Accepts 13 JC packaging panels.
Rack assembly accepts 13 of the 8136-R series high density IC packaging panels. Mount into std. 19 in. relay rack. Back panel is Vs in. glass epoxy with VCC and ground planes tied into additional solderless wrap pins for easy access. Thirteen 120 contact edge connectors are mounted on back panel with solderless wrap terminations. $150.00 to $250.00. Augat Inc., 33 Perry Ave., Attleboro, Mass . 02703. (617) 222-2202. Booths 3180-81.
Circle 274 on Inquiry Card
VARIABLE CAPACITOR
With high-Q "chips" in parallel.
Series 505 capacitors are designed for uhf, vhf, microwave and stripline applications. They come with high Q chip capacitors soldered in parallel to provide high Q with higher current and capacitance capabilities. Working voltage is 250 Vdc and insulation res. 106 M 0. Johanson Mfg. Corp., 400 Rockaway Valley Rd. , Boonton, N .J. 07005. Booth 1015.
Circle 275 on Inquiry Card
MAGNETIC PICKUP
As low as $1.95 each. These miniature pickups are epoxy
potted oil and water resistant. They are 'Vs in . long by 0.187 in. in dia., come with 6 in .-lon g pigtails and weigh 0.05 oz. Their temp . range is - 65 ° to +225 °F with max. output of 12 V pk-to-pk at 0.005 in . gap. Power Instruments, Inc., 7352 N. Lawndale Ave., Skokie, III!. 60076. Booth 2602.
Circle 276 on Inquiry Card
The Electro : ~c Engineer · Aug. 1970
it is
Switches up to 8 poles from dry circuit to 10 amperes
The RlO is designed for critical applications such as computers, data processing equipment and precision instruments. Contact arrangements up to 8 PDT (AC relays up to 4 PDT) are available. Six contact styles including bifurcated may be specified for switching currents from dry circuit to 10 amperes. Mechanical life is rated at 100 million operations with electrical li fe ranging from 100,000 to 100 million operations, depending on load and voltage.
Designers are given many options of terminals and sockets for a wide variety of mountings. For complete information about the full Ii ne of Potter & Brumfield relays , call your nearest P&B representative or write direct: Potter & Brumfield Division of AMF Incorporated, Princeton, Indiana 47570. 812 385 5251.
A~F
PDTTER&BRUMFIELD
Circle 46 on Inquiry Card
NEW PRODUCTS
FIBER-OPTIC READOUT Has "built-in" rc decoder/ driver.
DIP EXTENDER BOARD Hi-density.
Delays: 2 to 180 seconds ·· Actuated
by a heater, they operate .on A.C., D.C., or Pulsating
Current . . . Being hermetically sealed, they are not
affected by altitude, moisture, or climate changes ...
SPST only-normally open or normally closed ... Com-
p+en8s0a°tedC.f.or.
ambient temperature changes from . Heaters consume approximately
-55° to 2 W. and
may be operated continuously . ·. The units are rugged,
explosion-proof, long·lived, and-inexpensive!
TYPES: Standard Radio Octal, and 9-Pin Miniature. List Price, $4.00
PROBLEM? Send for Bullefln No. TR-8 J
Hermetically sealed, they are not affected by
+ changes in altitude, ambient temperature (-50'
to 70' C.), or humidity . .. Rugged, light, compact, most inexpensive .·· List Price, $3.0~ Write for 4-page Technical Bulletin No. AB·51
Circle 47 on Inquiry Card
Model 901 D2-D8 readouts are compatible with TTL or DTL circuitry. Their 1c decoder and lamp drivers accept four line 8-4-2-1 BCD inputs, translate them and then illuminate the proper fiber-optic readout segments. M aster Specialties Co., 1640 Monrovia, Costa Mesa, Calif. 92627. (714)
642-2427. Booths 2320-2321.
Circle 277 on Inquiry Card
~~
This useful tool mates with any std. "WIC'' board and creates accessibility for troubleshooting by extending a wired board from a cabinet or other out-of-reach areas. The Extender Board is 7.5 in. by 5.850 in. by 1/ 16 in. thick. Robinson-Nugent, Inc., 800 E. 8th St., New Albany, Ind. 47150. (812) 945-0211.
Circle 281 on Inquiry Card
EMI FILTERS
Low de resistance.
These A.V. (advanced version of Micro-Brute series) filters have ratings
from 50 to 250 WVdc. One group, the special 115 Vac, 400 Hz series has no voltage deratings for temps . to 125 °C and has std. ratings of from 50 mA to 10 A. A typ. industry std. case length of 0.540 in. gives 65 dB attenuation at 40 kHz under full load. The Potter Co., 500 W. Florence Ave., Inglewood, Calif. 90301. Booth
1921.
Circle 278 on Inquiry Card
PUSH BUTTON
Small behind-panel dimension.
Features of the Series 46-230 and 46-430 include DPDT (break before make) circuit versatility and wiping contacts to maintain a low contact resistance during switch life. They are rated to make and break tfai A . The 46-230 is a momentary contact, and the 46-430 is an alternate action (push-on, push-off). Grayhill, Inc., 561 Hillgrove Ave., LaGrange, Ill. 60525. (312) 354-1040. Booths 2501-02.
Circle 282 on Inquiry Card
FLEXIBLE TERMINAL STRfP
Conforms to curved surfaces.
Type EKS flexible 12-pole terminal strip can be easily cut with a sharp knife to the required number of terminal points. You don't have to drill mounting holes as holes to accommodate Vs in bolts are molded into the terminal strip body. The EKS is rated for 20 A, 300 V and will accept conductors up to A.W.G. #12. Electrovert, Inc., 86 Hartford Ave., Mt. Vernon , N .Y. 10553. (914) 6646090. Booths 1627-29.
Circle 279 on Inquiry Card
MODULAR POWER SUPPLIES
Meet military specs.
Two new series of modular power supplies meet Mil-Std-810B, Mil-E5272C, and Mil-I-618 1D. The S series includes single output models from 3 to 150 V and from 50 mA to 4 A. The H series consists of models with dual outputs ranging from 3 to 150 V and from 50 mA to 1 A. No derating is needed for operation between -20°C and + 71°C. From $80 to $230 ea. Acopian Corp., Easton, Pa. 18042. (215) 258-5441.
Circle 280 on Inquiry Card
SIGNAL CONDITIONERS
Basic 0-10 mV input sensitivity.
These 500 series units accept the output of a basic sensor and make the signal compatible with the inputs of alarms, recorders, controllers, and so forth. Inputs may be thermocouples, resistance temp. detectors, pressure transducers and the like. Outputs may be selected from either current ranges of J to 5, 4 to 20 and 10 to 50 or several available voltage ranges. Telmar, Inc., 810 W. Third Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43212. (614) 299-2165.
Circle 283 on Inquiry Card
X-BAND OSCILLATOR
Fixed tuned at 10.525 GHz.
·The S289 transferred-electron oscillator is a ss replacement for klystrons in applications such as doppler radar systems. It is compensated over the range of -30° to +80 °C. Minimum cw power output is 25 mW over this range. The TEO makes use of a differential negative resistance in the bulk of a GaAs diode. $250.00 ea. (1-10). RCA Microwave Solid-State, Harrison, N.J. 07029. (201) 4853900.
Circle 284 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
PUSH BUTTON SWITCH
Right-angle mounting for PC boards.
:~,. ,
I~
Mounting angle of this switch allows the pushbutton to be upright and clear of vertically stacked PC boards, in a position where it can easily be actuated. Switch body dimensions are 0.500 x 0.284 x 0.434 in. Absolute length, with pushbutton and bushing added to body length, is 1.046 ± 0.031 in. C&K Components, Inc., 103 Morse St., Watertown, Mass. 021 72 (617) 926-0800. Booth 121 2.
Circle 285 on Inqu iry Card
LEVEL CONVERTER
Accepts computer logic levels.
Microconverter acce pt s computer logic levels and converts them to drive communications equipment. Mo de l 7202A is olat e s input power and ground returns from the output by optically coupling input signals through a light-emitting diode and light-sensitive resistor. Isolation between input
and output is > 100 db, Less than
$100 in small quan. Tele-D ynamics, D iv. of AMBAC Industries, Inc., 525 Virginia Dr., Fort W ashington, Pa. 190 34.
Circle 286 on Inquiry Card
HYBRID DC-DC CONVERTERS
Eliminate highly-reg. pwr. supply.
New 3 W units allow you to convert directly on your cards where needed and eliminate the need for the highlyregul ated, multiple-output power supply. Standard products operate from an input of 20 Vdc with all of the popular single output voltages from 5 to 300 Vdc and dual outputs at ± 12, ± 15, ± 18 and ± 25. Technetics Inc. , Boulder Industrial Park, Boulder, Colo. 80302. (303) 442-3837. Booth 1917.
Circle 289 on Inquiry Card
TYING-CLAMPING STRAP
Self-locking.
This pre-mountable cable tying strap, TY40M, performs the dual function of tying a wire bundle and clamping it into position. Positioning of the tying head is such that it can be easily raised off a flush mounting surface for tying. It will accept wire bundles from 0.187 through 1.5 in. in dia. The Thomas & Betts Co., 36 Butler St., Elizabeth, N .J. 07201. (201) 354-4321. Booths 2518-19.
Circle 290 on Inquiry Card
DIE BON DER Automatic or semi-auto operation.
Model DB 1000 has a capacity of 7200 cycles or 6000 parts/ h. It will strip-bond devices up to 11h in. wide. Infinite strip index provides an index range from 0.050 to 1.500 in . spacin gs. It also has observed die pick-up, hi gh-speed acceleration and deceleration die pick-up and deposit mechanism and adj . bonding force from 10 to 200 grams. Kasper Instruments, Inc ., 983 Shulman Ave ., Santa Clara, Cal if. 95050. (408) 246-2696. Booths 3024-3027.
Circle 291 on Inquiry Card
HV SU PPLY
0.005 % stab. and 0.001 % line reg.
. Model 244 is a fixed negative-polarity supply which provides accurate outputs from - 200 to - 2200 Vdc at up to 10 mA. Easily-read dials allow 1% accurate output selection in calibrated 20-V steps. A front panel trim pot permits interpolation between steps with better than 100 mV resolution . Keithley Instrum e nts, Inc., 28775 Aur01:a Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 441349. (216) 248-0400. Booths 566 -5 6 6 A .
Circle 292 on Inquiry Card
METAL CAN TRIACS
Current ratings to 15 A rms.
TIC 220, 230, and 240 series will handle load currents of 6, 10, and 15 A. Each comes in voltages of 200, 400, and 500 V at max. operating temps of 125 °C. They have high dv/ dt ratings, typ. 500 VI µs static and 5 V/ µs min. commutating. In lots of 100, prices range from $1.70 for a 6 A, 200 V device to $4.15 for a 15 A, 500 V isolated unit. Texas Instruments Incorporated, Box 5012, M/ S 308, D allas, Tex. 75222. (2 14) 238-20 11 .
Circle 287 on Inq uiry Card
TH ERMISTOR PELLET
In glass diode type enclosure.
Thermistor pellets hermetically sealed in glass diode type enclosures are well suited for large volume applications. Their construction makes them rugged enough to be imbedded in coil windings, and to be mounted on PC boards. Standard resistance values (at 25 °C) are 2 k, 5 k . 10 k, 20 k, 50 k, 100 k, 200 k, 500 k, and 1
M 0 Fenwal Electronics Inc., 63
Fountain St., Framingham, Mass. 01701. (617) 872-8841.
Circle 288 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engi neer · Aug. 1970
20010 MORE COOLING AREA
Patented T-fin construction and balanced design permit significant improvement in natural convection heat dissipation by new Astrodyne Model 2517 heat sinks .
In addition to the 20% increase in surface area over conventional units, Astrodyne's optimum heat-flow design provides l/ 3 heat loss from conducting shelf
to fins, 1/ 3 in fins and VJ from fins to ambient air.
Even without a blower, Model 2517
units have exceptionally low thermal resistance of 1.35°C/watt at 100 watt operation and l.8°C/watt at 20 watts.
Standard 1W' and 3" length units are supplied with any desired mounting hole pattern, finished to order and with teflon or nylon grommets as desired.
A NEW CATALOG - NATURAL CONVECTION
HEAT SINKS, plus technical data on the 2517, will be sent on request.
astrodyn e 1 inc.
SUBSIDIARY OF ROANWELL CORP. 353 MIDDLESEX AVE , WILMINGTON, MASS. (617) 272-3850
Circle 48 on Inquiry Card
89
NOW HIGH-PERFORMANCE SCRs TO MEET THE CRITICAL NEEDS OF.
· Power Inverters · A.C. Motor \/c=Jriable Speed Drives · Induction Heaters
· Pulse Width Modulators
NATIONAL® DISC PACKAGED REGENERATIVE GATE* SCRs
provide these plus factors...
*A NATIONAL® exclusive. Patent No. 3,486,088
We welcome requests for detailed data and application assistance . Contact . ..
NATIONAL ELECTRONICS, INC.
a varian subsidiary Geneva . 111 . 60134. phone 312-232-4300
90
Circle 49 on Inquiry Card
NEW PRODUCTS
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM Self-contained, manually-programmed.
This system provides facilities for you to test and evaluate a variety of circuits without having to collect separate power supplies, signal generators, measuring instruments, and so forth. Linear and digital circuits can be evaluated on the Ceta 201 which will cover bipolar and MOS 1cs. Ceta Electronics Ltd ., 45 Richmond Rd., Poole, Dorset BH14 OBS, England. Bournemouth 28306. Booths 502-03.
Circle 293 on Inquiry Card
CRT GRAPHIC DISPLAY With hi-speed deflection amp.
New high speed major deflection amplifier has made it possible to eliminate the usual character writing minor deflection amplifier and yoke in the Model CD0-6300 graphic display. With the CD0-6300, you can write short character strokes in <250 ns or make a full 10 in. beam excursion and settle to one spot diameter in <6 µs using a single high speed deflection input for each axis. Optimation, Inc., 9421 Telfair Ave., Sun Valley, Calif. 91352. (213) 768-0830. Booth 556.
Circle 294 on Inquiry Card
A/D CONVERTER With 16-bit resolution.
Model 737 uses a new design concept which makes possible 16-bit (including sign) resolution, 150,000 words.ls speed, and 0.01 % ± 1/ 2 LSB accuracy. It also has a self-test feature and incandescent display. Also available with 9 and 12 bits. Electro'.1ics Div., Hi-Tek Corp., 2220 S. Anne St. , Santa Ana, Calif. 92704. (714) 540-3520. Booth 432.
Circle 295 on Inquiry Card
NUMERIC CARD PRINTERS Ribbonless printing.
N ew printers accept serial count, time, 10 line or BCD, in any combination. Maximum complement is 20 col. Each column can have up to 12 char. Mounting may be behind the panel or on table top for vert. or horiz. insertion of card. Operates on 12, 24 or 48 Vdc. Practical Automation, Inc., Trap F alls Rd ., Shelton, Conn. 06484. (203) 929-1495. Booth 358.
Circle 296 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Feature article abstracts
Published information is vital to your job. To save time in finding this information , 't'te have abstracted the important techn ical features from eight electronic engineering publications. Should any of these articles interest you , contact the magazinenames and addresses are listed below. Reprints of articles with an asterisk are available free. Save this section for future reference.
Amplifiers
*De sign ing wid eband am p lifi ers: le t the com put e r he lp , John A . Eise n berg, Watk ins- J ohnso n Co., "The Electro nic Engineer," Vol. 29, No. 8, A ugust 1970, pp. 59-6 1. The au t hor d iscusses a techn ique, useful from 100 kHz to I G Hz, fo r design ing wideba nd amplifie rs with th e aid of a compute r. A step -by-step exposition su gges ts t hat t his is a n attractive method if you know your specs, have a cc ur ate mode ls, a nd hove a compu t er program .
Charts and Nomographs
Solve o p -amp sle w-rat e requir e m e nts, Thom as Car mody, PR O Electron ics, Inc ., " Elect ronic Design ," Vol. 18, No. 13, June 21 , 1970, p . 82. A nomograph is given i ha t re la tes op -amp frequen cy , pea k-to -pea k outpu t vol tage , a nd slew ra te.
Sim ple tech ni q ue e xt e nd s op amp sle w rat e, Don R. Kesner, Mo t orol a Semi co nductor, " EON ," Vol. 15, No . II , Jun e I, 1970 , p p. 46-50. Mr. Kes ne r sho ws a simple circui t-t echnique t li a t results in a wid e po we r·ba ndw idth . The method uses data -sheet info rmatio n, a nd does away with e labora t e compen satio n p ro cedu res . The a uth or p oints ou t t hat er ro r an d ou tp ut o ffset inc rease as loop gai n d ec rea ses, a nd shows yo u how t o avoid these co mmo n prob le ms.
Buil d b e tt e r so ur ce follow e rs 10 wa ys, J omes S. Sherwi n, Sil iconix Inc. , " Electronic Design, " Vo l. 18, No. 12, J une 7, 1970, pp. 80-84. Ten sou rce follo wer designs ore exami ned, some with, and some without ga t e fe e dbac k. The se ci rcuits are usefu l for impeda nce tran sfor ma t io ns betwee n FETs and bipolar t ra nsi stors because of t he high input impedance and low output impedance . Several graphs a re presented to simpli fy bia sin g calcu la t io ns.
Nom o gro ms sim plify d esig n of d e-t o -d e co nve rters , C hes ter W . Young, You ng O cea n Exp lo ra t io n, " EEE," Vo l. 18, No . 6, Ju ne 1970, p p . 46 -47. W ith two nomogroms, o ne f o r p ower calcul a t ions and t he oth er t o calc ulat e tra nsformer c haracte ris ti cs , yo u ca n sp eed th e ca lc ulatio n o f th e t ra nsforme r for a d e-to -d e c o nverter . The art icle includes, in addi t ion l o bo th nomogr o phs, a n example for a 40-W co nverter.
Circuit Design
Design MOS circu its o n a co m p uter, J im Kubinec, Computer Microtechno logy, Inc., "Electronic Design," Vol. 18 , No. 13, J une 21, 1970, pp. 68-70. A simple , limited, conversational, FOCAL prog ra m is presented th at de signs MOS ci rcui ts for de and steady st a te solutions. Eac h ci rcuit is broken into trans istor pairs and the program uses equations describi ng the three operating modes, t he tri ode region, the saturated region, and cutoff, to desig n the ci rcui ts. A four trans is tor flip-flop is used as on example .
Components
*O ptoe lect ro nics course , p a rt 2o, " The El ectro nic Eng inee r," Vol. 29, No . 8, A ugust 1970, pp. 29.40. The seco nd inst a ll men t o f t his co urse is com prised o f tw o articles: " Lei the li g ht shine out," by L. W etterou, M. M ill er, a nd Dr. R. Hai st y of Texas In stru me nts ; and '"Emi tt e r pa cka g ing and p e rformance ," by Dr . M. G . Col ema nd , R. W . Gur! ler, an d A . Londo n, Motoro la . The fi rs t exp lai ns t he gene ratio n o f light with soli d stat e d evi ces a nd wha t types of devices ore ava ilab le. Th e second discusses device pa c kagin g in relat io n to applicati o n a nd performance. Here is your c hance t o lea rn about both of these importa nt face ts.
Co m puters and Periph eral s
MOS me mo ry and it s ap p li cat ion , Marcion E. Holl. Jr ., Intel Corp. , "Co mpute r Desig n," Vol. 9, No. 6, June 1970, pp. 83·87 . The author d iscusses several types o f MOS memories and some o f the important facto rs t o be considered in t heir application. The tw o approaches- st a tic a nd d yna mic-are covered. He describes in-
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Magazi ne publ ishers and the ir addresses
Computer Design
Com puter Desig n Publishing Corp. Pro f . Bld g., Baker Ave. W. Conco rd , Mass. 0 1781
EON Cahners Publi shi ng Com pa ny 3375 S. Bannoc k Street Eng lewoo d , Co lo. 8011 0
HE
Mac ti er Publ ish ing Co. 8 20 Seco nd Aven ue Ne w Yo rk. N . Y. 100 17
El ectron ic Design Hayde n Pu blis hing Co 850 Th ird Ave nue New York , N . Y. 100 22
Elec t ro nic Prod ucts Uni t ed Tec h ni cal Publi cat ions 645 Stewa rt Avenue Garden Ci t y, N . Y 11 530
Elect ron ics McGraw ·H ill , I nc . 330 W. 4 2 nd St 1eet New Yo rk , N . Y. 1003 6
IEEE Spectru m In st it ut e o f El ec tr ic al & Elec t ro nics
Engi neers 34 5 Eas t 47th Stre et New Yo rk , N . Y. 10 0 17
The Electron ic Engineer Chi lt o n Co mpan y 56t h & Chest nut Street s Ph ila delph ia, Pa. 191 3 9
' Repr int s a va ila ble free. Requ e st the m on your company letterhead.
91
ABSTRACTS
verters, shift registers, a nd RA Ms. Mu c h o f th is mate rial d upl ica t es th a t publ is he d (by th e sam e author) in t he Ju ne 1970 iss ues o f The Electro nic Engi neer, (pp. 72-'74 ) and " EEE " ( pp . 62-69) .
H ig h- p e rfor ma nc e se m ico nd uct o r memories : CM L vs o th er appr o a c hes, An d re w R. Be rdi ng a nd Robert C . Luiz, A dva nced Memory Syst ems, " EE E," Vol. 18, No. 6, Ju ne 1970, pp. 72-73. The a rt icle makes a case for cu rren t -mode log ic memo ries, claimi ng th a t th ese memo ries a r e not only faster, but can a lso be c heape r and more re liable th an TTL a nd MOS. b ipo la r memori e s. In addi t io n , it sta t es th at t hey d issi p a te less powe r th a n TTL memories, yet sti ll mo re than MO S- b ip olar hy b ri d memo ri es .
The writeable personalize d chip, Harold Fleis her, Ar nold Weinberger, and Vaughn D. Wi nkl er, IBM , "Compute r Design," Vol. 9, No . 6, J une 1970, pp. 59-66. In this article the authors discuss elements a nd ope ration o f the WP C, a nd how it o ff e rs improved use o f logic ar rays in da ta processors. They a Isa demo nst rate t he capability o f a co ntro ll ed logic g o t e array t o g e nera t e a ny combi na t io n logic fun cti on of t he input variables.
Digital Design
An y code goes wi t h IC decoder/ d rive rs, R. L. Nelso n J r ., Tracor In c., " Electronic Design," Vol. 18, No. 13, June 21, 1970, pp. 74·75. BCD decoder/drivers can be used to drive display t ubes directly fr om many codes if t he wiring is. done properly. A review of several codes a nd diagrams for proper connections is presented.
Integrated Ci.rcuits
*MOS associat ive me mo ri es, Leo n D. Wo ld, Ho neywel l In c., " The Electro nic Eng ineer ," Vol. 29, No. 8, A ug ust 1970, pp . 53-56. Associa t ive memories fir st a ttra cted atte ntion ba c k in the early 1950 's, bu t it rem o ined for the ad vent o f LS I l o make t hes e devic es practical . In this art icle , Mr. Wald discusses su c h a memory made with MOS t ec hO"o logy.
Ion impla nta ti o n o ffe rs a bagfu l of benefits for MOS , John Macdougall a nd Ken Ma nc hes ter, Sprogue Electric Co., a nd Robert B. Po lm er, Mostek Corp., " Electronics," Vol . 43 , No. 13, Ju ne 22, 1970, pp. 86-90. H igh freque ncy performance, a brood ra nge o f low t hresho ld voltages, a nd possible ne w devices a re th e o utcome of ion implantation of MOS devices . Nchonne l JC fabricatio n is muc h easie r with implantat ion. Seve ral new low-th resho ld devi ces ore now avai lable fo r d esigners.
Low voltage o ffers new jobs for MOS co mmuta tors, Dole Marzek, Natio na l Semico nducto r, "Electronics," Vol. 43, No. 12, J une B, 1970, pp. 82-87. Through new fabricolio n t echniques MOS FETs ca n have low threshold voltages. Because of the lower thresho ld, switching rates lo 20 MHz are possi ble, making t hese devices compatible with bipolar devices.
Try using VC O s a s d isc riminato rs, P. Bru ce Uhl enhopp, and La rry G. Smei ns, Envi ro nme ntal
Science Services Administration and Ball Brot hers Researc h C o rp ., "Electron ic Design," Vol. 18 , No. 12, June 7, 1970 , pp . 86·B7. Ph ase -lo c k te ch niq ues c an b e used to ma ke a VCO fun ct io n a s a d isc rim in a t o r. Th is c an e limi nate separa te designs in systems wh e re both VCOs a nd d iscriminato rs are used, and p e rfor ma nce can be im proved .
Reliability
Yes, redundancy inc rea ses re liability . . . 1 Willia m H . Hube r, TRW Syste ms, " Ele ctron ic Desig n," Vo l. 18, No. 12, June 7, 1970, pp . 70-77. This art icle exami ne s the t radeoffs b e t wee n re du nda ncy and re lia b ilit y wh en usi ng redundant ope ratiooo l am p lifi e rs , o r RAM PS. The g ai n availabl e fr om add it ion a l a mpli fi ers overc o m e s t he effect o f a single op amp fa ilu re, b ut dec re a ses th e d yna mic range a nd outpu t ac c ura c y. A sho rt pr imer on re lia bility a ccompan ies t his arti c le.
Semiconductors
Silicon and sapphire getting t ogether far a co me ba c k, Stoff repo rt , " El e ct ronics," Vo l. 43 , No. 12 , J une 8, 1970, p p . 88-94. Si lico ne ·o n-sap phire ha s been " promised " fo r several years, wit h out a ny devices avai la b le. Be in g abl e t o man ufactu re t he devices ha s b ee n th e holdu p . Right now t he re ore t hr ee ca mp s : a few ma nufactur e rs say th ey ca n mo ke t he dev ices; so me say SOS salobilily is ques t io na b le; w hile a t hird gro up sees no fu ture fo r such d evices. This art ic le d escri bes whe re t he t ech nology stands at th is t ime .
GRC" Another tiny parts FIRST from ·
Nowjoin 2different plastics
tieinasingle small part 'I ~~w1TH 1,.~ ..---o-o -o-. ,~ ,~
MOVABLE-ELEMENT PARTS SEPARABLE PARTS - Mul ti .part un its that combi ne cont ro ll ed separabi lity with variable f it .
TWO -COLOR PARTS AND NUMBERED OR LETTERED PARTS Make possib le dual ·co lor part s without seco ndary asse mb ly costs.
COMBINATION OF MATER IALSJoin different plasti cs - in a si ngle part for a combin ati on of proper t ies.
New molding process- " l nt ermold " - is GRC's exc lusive pa t ented met hod of prod ucing multi -.part compone nts automatica lly mold -assemble d in one high -speed operat ion. Elimina t es assembly, ac hieves producti o n savings a nd en hances performa nce .
Wri t e today fo r " lntermold " samples and deta iled bullet in
Gries Reproducer Co.
Di visio n of Coots & Clarlc I nc .
165 Beechwood Av e~ New Ra c h ell e, New York 10802 · ( 914) 633- 8600 Plant s in : New Ro c hell e, N . V .; W arren, R . I. ; Toccoa, G a. In Ca nada : G ries Div., Dynacast Ltd. Lach ine, Q ue.
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MOUNTED OR COMPLETE ACTUATING
Tel. (617) 222-3726
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PYLON COMPANY, INC. - 57 Newcomb St. Attleboro, Massachusetts 02703
92
Circle 50 on Inquiry Card
Circle 51 on Inquiry Card
LITERATURE ·
Ac/de converter application
The design evolution of a precision ac/ de converter is outlined in an 8-page application note. The result is a circuit using an active 3-pole Butterworth low-pass filter with a 0.25Hz cutoff frequency built from a
Electronic components
A 1970 condensed catalog of electronic components brings you 208 pages of products such as solitrodes, zeners, rectifiers, power hybrid circuits, linear 1c s, FETS, germanium
transistors, resistors and attenuators. Outline drawings supplement many of the product descriptions, and various categories are photographically illustrated . Solitron Devices, 256 Oak Tree Rd ., Tappen, N.Y. 10983 .
Circle 364 on Inquiry Card
Three-pole low-pass network using PICs
standard MA-series filter network and one other chopper-stabilized op amp. The various steps in the evolution are illustrated with schematics. Testronic Development Labora tory , P. 0 . D rawer H , Las Cruees N.M. 88001.
Circle 361 on inquiry Card
Microcircuit components A comprehensive line of unencap-
sulated active and passive component chips for hybrid circuits and prototype development are described in this 44-page catalog. The products are divided into three sections for youtransistors and small signal diodes, zener diodes, and passive components. Discussions on chip processing and carrier packages are included, as well as necessary specs and schematics illustrating the use of these components in circuit construction. Motorola Semi-conductor Products Inc., Box 20912, Phoenix, Ariz. 85036.
Circle 362 on Inquiry Card
Application notes
"Counters using MIC7400 Series TTL" and "Interfacing Circuitry for use with MIC7400 Series TTL" are available to you. The first paper describes several forms of synchronous and asynchronous circuits for counting and frequency division applications. The second discusses variable methods by which compatible interface circuits between MIC7400 series TTL and external circuits may be designed. And both are carefully illustrated with schematics. S.T.C. Semiconductors, Footscray, Sidcup, Kent, England.
Circle 363 on Inquiry Card
Rectifiers
Silicon-controlled rectifiers for inverter applications are the subject of this 48-page catalog. It describes the three basic methods of construction used in making scRs with parameters required in such applications. Filled with charts and graphs illustrating performance characteristics and ratings, complete specs are provided as well as dimensional drawings. Also, there's a discussion of the various tests and para meters peculiar to inverter applications . Intern ational Rectifier Semiconductor Div. -Dept. 781 , 23J Kansas St., El Segundo, Calif. 90245.
Circle 365 on Inquiry Card
The Hall Effect
"The H all Effect and Its Applications" is the title of a little 24-page booklet explaining the theory of the Hall Effect and its practical application through the media of H all generators. Unlike transistors and diodes, Hall generators are completely inde" pendent of the surface effects of semiconductor material. Various configurations of Hall generators are illustrated as is the circuitry of typical applications. F . W. Bell Inc., 4949 Freeway Dr. E., Columbus, Ohio 43229.
Circle 366 on Inquiry Card
PC connector guide
The 1970 edition of this guide covers 26 series of metal-to-metal PC connectors as well as IC and test probe sockets. The connectors are available with contact spacings of 0.05 , 0.075 , 0.1, 0.156 and 0.2 in ., and sizes range from 2 to 152 contacts. The connectors are compatible with solder, wirewrapping, crimp, taper tab and taper pin terminating techniques . Elco Corp., Willow Grove, Pa. 19090.
Circle 367 on Inquiry Card
Computer reference manual System design features , system or-
ganization, instruction set, memory and input/ output characteristics, interrupt structure and packaging techniques are all described with reference to the cd 200 digital computer system in a 67-page manual. An asynchronous memory interface results in corresponding control of processor speed and instruction execution time and is a major feature of the system discussed in this manual. Computer Development Corp., 3001 D aimler St., Santa Ana, C alif. 92705.
Circle 368 on Inquiry Card
Panel instruments Application data and the features
of this company's ac and de panel instruments are brought to you in a 58-page catalog. Descriptions are keyed to illustrations for eas y understanding; types 20/ 20, found ation and conventional instruments are listed with price, style and a rating scale; and diagrams show physical dimensions. Extras include a scale selector chart of preferred wattmeter and varmeter scale markings. Westinghouse Electric Corp ., Box 2278, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230.
Circle 369 on Inquiry Card
Light-emitting semiconductors "GaAsLITE Tips" is the title of a
48-page applications manual on lightemitting semiconductors. Diagrams and discussions describe how lightemitting diodes can serve as constant brightness light sources, how to use a photodiode coupled pair to isolate
AC
diode-transistor logic from a relay, and how to operate a number of solid-state displays with only one decoder driver. For your copy write on company letterhead to Monsanto Co. , Electronic Products & Controls Div., 11636 Administration Dr., St. Louis, Mo. 63141.
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
93
LITERATURE
Databook and rental catalog The 1970 Instrument Databook and
Rental Catalog provides a comprehensive and useful cross-reference for general purpose electronic instrumentation. It sorts products and compares pertinent specs. Other sections crossreference manufacturers' model num-
L
Leasametnc
bers and list contact phones for various geographic areas. With a spec-tospec comparison among major manufacturers , alternate source selection is greatly simplified. Leasametric, 822 Airport Blvd., Burlingame, Calif. 94020.
Circle 370 on Inquiry Card
Product capabilities A manufacturer of standard and
custom-made rf interference filters, capacitors and high voltage power supplies describes the company's facilities and capabilities in this 12-page booklet. You receive a brief background and then read on to the capabilities of several plant locations. The custom design and field testing services are outlined, and the booklet closes with a brief description of its standard product lines. The Potter Company, 7351 Lawndale Ave., Skokie, Ill .
Circle 371 on Inquiry Card
Conversion card A handy digital angle conversion
chart in the form of a wallet-size card is being offered by Astrosystems , Inc. Information listed includes degrees/ bit, minutes/ bit, seconds/ bit and least significant bit as a percentage of full scale. The card can be used when working with synchro-to-digital converters, digital-to-synchro converters, and digital angle readouts. Astrosystems, Inc ., 6 Nevada Drive, Lake Success, N .Y. 11040.
Circle 373 on Inquiry Card
Frequency measurements "Precision Frequency Measure-
ments" is the title of a 16-page application note discussing the use of the H-P 5360A Computing Counter. Examples of various frequency measurements are detailed and the counter's capabilities are compared with those of other counters. Short-term stability, precision time comparisons between frequency standards, and measurements of crystal warm-up characteristics are among the measurements included. Hewlett-Packard Co., 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, Calif. 94304.
Circle 374 on Inquiry Card
Zener selector chart A pocket-size chart offers voltage/
power ratings for a variety of voltage regulator zener diodes . All devices listed exhibit ± 5% tolerance, nominal voltages up to 75 V, high reliability, and are hermetically sealed or are of approved epoxy encapsulations. Tips for using the selector are included. Mullard Inc., 100 Finn Court, Fanningdale, N.Y. 11735.
Circle 375 on Inquiry Card
Silicon semiconductors
The 1970 annual catalog of Crystalonics' silicon semiconductors and circuits is now available to our readers. We found it very thorough- with electrical data and characteristics provided for each model. Tables and graphs provide other important information. But that's not all. You'll find it goes more than one step further-it offers standard and special purpose products, quality assurance notes, application notes, technical memos, a relevant article, lots of schematics, and last (we think!) but not least, an OEM price list. For a copy of this 190page catalog, write on company letterhead to Crystalonics, 63 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. 02110.
Electric motors You'll find information in this 32-
page catalog on remote control units, actuators, and timing and control devices and syst~ms, as well as on all kinds of motors- stepper, synchronous, asynchronous and small de motors, to name a few . Applications are an important part ·of the write-ups, and yo u'll find a picture or diagram to illustrate every model. Polymotor International, Brussels, c/ o A. W . Haydon Co., 232 N . Elm St. , Waterbury, Conn.
Circle 376 on Inquiry Card
Power supplies A new line of shelf power packages
is introduced in this 12-page catalog. Seven voltage levels range from 3.6 to 28 Vdc at current ratings from 0.35 to 85 A. Each product is illus-
Computer and terminal The 4700 large scale 16-bit com-
puter system , its standard features , optional features, software, and peripherals and options are discussed in this 8-pagc booklet. You'll also find a discussion of applications, including communications processing, process control, and research and engineering computation . Then a 12-page booklet describes the DCT-132 remote terminal, also providing information on all the extras and on applications. Scientific Control Corp., 1215 W. Crosby Rd ., Carrollton, Tex. 75006.
Circle 372 on Inquiry Card
94
IC test system film
To provide you with the most compl ete and accurate information , Tektronix offers you a film on the S-3150 re test system. The sequences that show the pulses on the 'scope face are very well done, as are those which show the TTY call-up of test equipment. These sequences give you a good feel for how the machine's pushbuttons and di als tie in with the real world . For more inform ation on the system , see page 100 of our March issue, then ask for the film from Mr. James W. Griffin , Tektronix Inc., Box 500, Beaverton, Ore. 97005.
trated and diagrammed, and specs are included in each write-up. Accessories , rack adapters and additional equipment are also described . North Electric, Electronetics Div., Galion, Ohio 44833.
Circle 377 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Back-and-panel connectors The 1970 edition of this connector
guide describes rectangular, miniature, modular and appliance connectors. Sizes range from 2 to 140 contacts, and current ranges from 5 to 20 A. Some models incorporate polarizing pins and sockets that prevent mismating. An illustrated connector index shows the basic characteristics of each connector and permits immediate identification of the model best suited for your application-28 pages. Elco Corp., Willow Grove, Pa. 19090.
Circle 378 on Inquiry Card
1970 condensed catalog Discrete semiconductors, 1cs and
components are the product lines listed in this 60-page catalog. One section introduces a new line of semiconductors, from TTL/ MSI 1cs to discrete optoelectronic devices. Electrical parameters, mechanical data, product features, application information and circuit diagrams are provided with the condensed listings. And another section devotes 7 pages to case outlines of discrete devices. Texas Instruments Inc., Box 5012, MIS 308, D allas, Tex. 75222.
Circle 379 on Inquiry Card
Test accessories
Shielded "black boxes," patch cords, receptacle jacks, series/ parallel isolation plugs, pin connector test adapters and pin tip plugs and jacks are only a few of the 420 items you'll find in this 56-page 1970 general catalog of electronic test and design accessories. Plus you get complete engineering information on all items, including photos, dimension drawings, schematics, specs, special features and operating ranges. Pomona Electronics Co. Inc., 1500 E. Ninth St., Pomona, Calif. 91766.
Circle 380 on Inquiry Card
Transformer card A wallet-size plastic card contains
tables for determining rated line amperes for single phase dry-type transformers in a variety of voltages. Transformers from 1 to 500 kVA in voltages of 120, 240, 480, and 600, and for 3-phase from 3 to 2000 kVA at 208, 240, 480 and 600 V are listed. Federal Pacific Electric Co., 50 Paris Street, Newark, N.J.
Circle 381 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Circle 52 on Inquiry Card
95
LITERATURE
Aging and burn -in systems
Semiconductor Peripherals, a new division of the Republic Corp., offers a 4-page broch ure on its semiconductor aging products and bum-in systems designed for Mos/ LSI. Systems are specified in five separate performance categories from bench-top units to free-standing, turnkey systems. Semiconductor Peripherals , 4820 Kearney Mesa Rd., San Diego, Calif. 92111.
Circle 382 on Inq uiry Card
·
from General Electric, five new
bursts in the SSL explosion·.
At GE, solid state lamp technology is booming. And no wonder. For reliability, long life and fast switching speeds, no other SSL's outperform General Electric SSL's (previously known as light emitting diodes). Or withstands shock and vibration better. They practically eliminate maintenance costs. And these five new GE SS L's offer you other outstanding benefits :
SS L-35
A gallium arsenide infrared SSL with more milliwatt output per dollar (5.5mW at lOOmA) than any other SSL on the market. So you can locate it farther from the detector, or use less expensive detectors. Typical applications : intrusion alarms, safety devices and computer-related uses like BOT and EOT sensing. Price $3.90 each in 1,000 quantity.
SSL-315
A gallium arsenide infrared SSL, hermetically sealed, with twice the power (lmW at 20mA) of our SSL-15. High (43) external efficiency. Less than l / lOth inch diameter. For printed circuit board applications, tape readers and other photoelectric systems. Price $3.27 each in 1,000 quantity.
SSL-34
Another high output gallium arsenide infrared SSL, giving up to Yz Watt peak
power output. Permits increasing distance between lamp and detector. Applications similar to SSL-35. Price $2.50 each in 1,000 quantity.
PC1 5-26
A photon coupler consisting of a gallium arsenide SSL and an NPN planar silicon phototransistor. Has the inherent reliability of atransistor, and can withstand severe shock and vibration . Recommended for electrical isolation and high speed switching. Isolates up to 2,500 volts. Price $7.20 each in 1,000 quantity.
PC4-73
First of its kind. Combines a gallium arsenide SSL and an NPN planar silicon photodarlington amplifier. Has the highest transfer ratio (1253) of any coupler on the market today. Isolates up to 2,500 volts. Price $6.50 each in 1,000 quantity.
Ask us for complete mechanica l and electrical data on all five of these new GE SSL products. Or send for free detailed information on the entire General Electric SSL line - or order either of these new SSL Manuals : Theory, Characteristics and Applications, $2.00. Applications only, $1.00. Write: General Electric Company, Miniature Lamp Department, M-E E, Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio 44112.
GENERALfj ELECTRIC
Fluidic die protection
A 4-page bulletin (FPD FCA2473) discusses Coming's fluidic diesaverTM control package, a ready packaged fluidic circuit designed to sense parts, detect troubles, and halt press operation before damage occurs. Methods for using the system on progressive dies, transfer dies, and single station dies are described, and specs for the system are listed. Corning Glass Works, Corning, N.Y. 14830.
Circle 383 on Inquiry Ca rd
Signal averaging system A detai led description and specs for
the 1070 main frame and the 19 plugins are given in a 44-page brochure. The plug-i ns adapt the mai n frame to a variety of applications, including signal conditioning, AI D conversion , arithmetic operations, data display, data modification , data readout and direct, hard-wired computer interfar.e. Fabri-Tek Instruments Inc. , 5225 Verona Rd., Madison , Wis. 53711.
Circle 384 on Inq uiry Ca rd
Electron ics catalog Here's a roundup of the latest prices
and product specs on lines of semiconductors, tubes, resistors, relays, switches and transformers. Other products in the field are included as well - hardware , connectors, instruments, etc. So you're sure to find just what you're looking for, the 564page volume is indexed by product, manufacturer and new products listed for the first time. For a copy of the catalog write directly to Pioneer/ Cleveland, 5403 Prospect Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103 .
96
Circle 53 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
Instrumentation catalog The company's complete line of in-
strumentation for low-level signals is contained in their 1970-71 catalog. Among the many lines included in the catalog are high voltage supplies, ac amplifiers, electrometer op amps, re-
sistance measuring devices and calibration sources. Theoretical and practical limits of measurements are described, and selector charts help in choosing the right product model for a particular application. Keithley Instruments, 28775 Aurora Rd. , Cleveland, Ohio 44139.
Circle 385 on Inquiry Card
Optoelectronics and relays A 20-page distributors' stock catalog
provides technical data on a line of relays, optoele::tronic components, and reed switches. All products are described and dimensions for each are included. Engineering considerations intended to aid the reader in relay selection are also provided. Sigma Instruments, Inc., 170 Pearl St., Braintree, Mass. 02185.
Circle 386 on Inquiry Card
Digital printer applications In addition to straight printout,
there are at least 10 other applications for a digital printer, according to the Metricist, an applications bulletin available from Monsanto. Metricist #9 discusses the not so obvious applications for a digital printer. Time and source tagging, event monitoring, multiple limit recording, data compression and histographing and profiling are some of the applications covered. Another article contained in this edition of the Metricist deals with ways in which near perfe::t pulse signals may be used to test digital equipment. Monsanto Electronic Instruments, 620 Passaic Ave., West Caldwell, N .J . 07006.
Circle 387 on Inquiry Card
Microwave tubes
A complete line of magnetrons, klystrons, crossed field amplifiers, travelling wave tubes and backward wave oscill ators, operating at various frequency bands and power levels, are described in a 48-page catalog. An index is included to aid the reader in locating specific tube types. Within the various sections, tubes are listed according to operating band. Raytheon Co., Microwave and Power Tube Div., 190 Willow St., Waltham, Mass. 02154.
Circle 388 on Inquiry Card
Components catalog
Integrated circuits, discrete semi-
conductors and components are all
discussed in this 60-page booklet.
Electrical parameters, mech a nical
data, product features, application in-
form ation and circuit diagrams sup-
Vee 46
4A
4Y
3B
JA
JY
1A
18
lY
2A
20
2Y
GN O
J or N dual-in·line package
plement the product descriptions. You'll find case outlines of discrete devices and a cross-reference to military spec requirements. Texas Instruments Inc. , Box 501 2, M/ S 308 , Dallas, Tex. 75222.
Circle 389 on Inquiry Card
Intercon nectors
Electronic connectors, plugs and sockets are described in a 32-page catalog providin g photos, line drawings, electrical chara cteristics and mechanical specs for all interconnection products. New products are included in the listin g, and a selection guide completes the information necessary for choosing the right component for any equipment or circuit application. Amphenol Div. , Bunker-Ramo Corp., 1830 S. 54th Ave. , Chicago, Ill . 60650.
Circle 390 on Inquiry Card
Optoelectronics glossary Two freebies are being offered by
Sc-hweber Electronics. An optoelectronics newsletter, available on a monthly basis, will feature recent happenings in the Optoelectronics field with specific regard to products, specs, and applications. T he other "giveaway" is the Schweber glossary of optoelectronics which contains up-todate terms and definitions related to the field. The 8-pager is the first industry standardization of optoelectronic terminology. Both the glossary and the newsletter are available for the asking by writing on company letterhead to : Sam Kass, Editor, Schweber Electronics, Westbury, N .Y . 11590.
Crystal polishing kit Techniques for cleaving and grind-
ing crystals alon g with polishing methods, includin g the alcohol-felt technique and the aqueous solution-glass method, are covered in a 4-page manual. Necessary precautions in handling tra nsmission materials are also discu ssed . Barnes Engineerin g Co. , 30 Commerce Rd., St a mford , Conn . 06902.
Circle 391 on Inquiry Card
Communications processor A microprogrammed minicomputer
designed specifically for data communications applications is the subject of a 20-page brochure. The literature describes the M icro 812 Communications Processor's capabilities, applications, input/ output operation , general
·,
specs, instruction set and standard options. A 4k x 8 core memory, 1,024 words of preprogrammed read only sto rage, an option board , basic panel and power suppl y are included at its initial price. Microsystems, 644 E . Youn g St. , Santa An a, Calif. 92705 .
Circle 392 on Inquiry Card
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
97
LITERATURE
Rent-a
Hz
When your laboratory needs a precision oscillator, or a pulse generator, or some other reasonably sophisticated instrument, should you buy it? Maybe not. As with a house or a car or a computer, there's a time to buy and a time to rent.
Actually there are a number of pretty good reasons for renting precision instruments any time ... the elimination of problems like maintenan ce and calibration for example, or how to handle peak loads , or what to do with instruments that are obsolete or no longer needed . But let's face it, the most important reason is money. Frequently, renting instead of purchasing can save dollars, free capital for other uses, or provide financial advantages in other ways . So before you pay till it Hz, think RENTAL.
RE .I. can give you the fastest service , the widest selection and the lowest rates of any rental firm in the country. One of our inventory centers is located near you , wherever you are, for instant delivery. Let us tell you more about the many advantages of renting vs. buying . Send today for your free copy of the new R.E.1. Instrument Rental Handbook.
Amplifiers Analyzers Attenuators
Bri d ges Cameras Coun ters Detectors
Filte rs
Power Suppl ies
Generators
Recorders
Meters
Sources
Oscillators
Stro boscopes
Osc il loscopes Synth esize rs
Plug- In Un its Tes t Cham bers
Gene ratorI Synchro nizer
,;·.JSTANT INSTRUMENTS FROM THESE INVENTORY CENTERS:
Waltham, Mass. 02154
69 Hi c kory Drive (617) 89 1-7610- Te lex 923472
Anaheim, Calif. 92801 159 East Free dom Ave . (714) 879-056 1- Te lex 655473
Gaithersburg, Md. 20760 16600 Oakmont Ave. (301) 948 -0620- Te lex 898446
INSTllUMENT llENTAL CAJMOO
1910
Rosemont, Ill. 60018 5607 Pea rl St. (312) 67 1-2464- Telex 726488
Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. 33308 4808 N.E. 10th Ave. (305) 77 1-3500- Te lex 5 1-4467
Dallas, Texas 75207 1341 Cram p ton St . (2 14) 638- 41 80
Telex 7326 17
MOR E IN VE NTORY C ENT ERS CO MIN G SOO N
Rental Electronics
inc.
A P-EPSl(Q LEASIN G CO MPANY
Performance parameters for custom thick-film resistor and resistor-capacitor networks-4 pages. Microcircuits, 1200 Columbia Ave., Riverside, Calif. 92507.
Circle 393 on Inquiry Card
Ku-band, solid-state source designed with minimum 100-mW output power -2 pages. Trak Microwave Corp., 4726 Eisenhower Blvd., Tampa, Fla.
33614.
Circle 400 on Inquiry Card
Low noise microminiature i-f amplifier with a minimum age range of 60 dB1 page. Scientific Research Corp., 4726 Eisenhower Blvd., Tampa, Fla. 33614.
Circle 394 on Inquiry Card
GaAs diode-silicon photodetector couplers, silicon planar Darlington light sensor and GaAs diode energy source -6 pages. Optron Inc., 1201 Tappan Circle, Carrollton, Tex. 75006.
Circle 395 on Inquiry Card
PC breadboards with tack-on pads for discrete components and with various connection availabilities - 2 pages. Spectrum Dynamics Inc., Box 23699, Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 33307.
Circle 396 on Inquiry Card
Coaxial relay catalog contains detailed electrical and mechanical specs-20 pages. Dow-Key Co., Box 348, Broomfield, Colo. 80020.
Circle 397 on Inquiry Card
Drafting and production aids for PCs include new drafting shapes, connector strips and pad configurations-24 pages. W. H. Brady Co., 726 W. Glendale Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. 53201.
Circle 398 on Inquiry Card
Product assurance/ MIL STD 883 explains all test sequences of the company's digital and linear 1cs-6 pages. Advanced Micro Devices, 901 Thompson Pl., Sunnyvale, Calif. 94086.
Circle 399 on Inquiry Card
Decoder/power-drivers and decoder/ drivers, hybrid BCD to 7-output, are TTL and DTL compatible and have uncommitted collector outputs-8 pages. Fabri-Tek Micro Systems Inc., 1150 N. W. 70th St., Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 33309.
Circle 401 on Inquiry Card
Digital data acquisition system for the processing, analysis and presentation of environmental field data-4 pages. Varian, 611 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, Calif. 94303.
Circle 402 on Inquiry Card
MOS monolithic switches-6 pages cover maximum ratings, electrical characteristics, schematic diagrams, specs and applications. Teledyne Amelco Semiconductor, 1300 Terra Bella Ave., Mountain V_i~w, Calif. 94040.
Circle 403 on Inquiry Card
Data transfer system-specific characteristics, typical applications and quality assurance procedures-6 pages. Data Graphics Corp., 8402 Speedway Dr., San Antonio, Tex. 78230.
Circle 404 on Inquiry Card
Differential video amplifiers are monolithic two-stage wideband amplifiers for applications requiring a fast linear function-4 pages. Silicon General Inc., 7382 Bolsa Ave., Westminster, Calif. 92683.
Circle 405 on Inquiry Card
WHOLESALE TO ALL
Breadboard Kits-"RF" Kits-"PC" Kits-Perf. Phenolic::Board -Copper Clad Board-Cowl· Type El~tronic Cabinets-Heat Sinks-Solid State Hobby Kits-Solderless Connectors-Hardware Kits-Transistor Sockets and many more items. (Products approved by the Defense Supply Agency-Federal Supply Code number furnished upon request.) Send for free catalog from:
H. M. C. Sales
P. 0. Box 276, Santa Susana, California 93063
Circle 54 on Inquiry Card
Circle 55 on Inquiry Card
Advertisers-August 1970
No ll1bl h ty 11 111umed for erron or oml1llon1. This lnd11 11 publl1hed for 1 conv1nl1nce.
AMF, INC ., POTTER & BRUMFIELD DIV. Grant, Wright & Baker, In c.
. .50-51 , 87
AMP, INC. Aitki n-Kyne tt
. . .. .. .. .. .42, 43
AMPERITE CO . ..... .. . .. ..
8B
H. J. Gold Co.
ASTRODYNE , INC... ... .. .............. ..
~
Ro be rt J . A lle n
BELDEN CORP . Fensho lt Ad v., Inc.
. ........ . ......... 66, 67
BUNKER RAMO CORP . AMPHENOL INDUSTRIAL DIV.
Marst el ler, Inc.
.. .. 52
BUSSMANN MFG . DIV....... . . ........ .. .. 80, 81 H enderson Ad v. Co.
CHERRY ELECTRICAL PRDTS . CORP. . . . . . . 26 Kol b/ Tookey & A ssoc., In c.
CHRONETICS, INC. ..
i. s. lanza & assoc.
.. .. .. . .. .. . .. 21
CTS CORP. . . .. ...... ..
16
Rei neke , Myer & Finn
MILLER -STEPHENSON ...... . M ichel-Cather, Inc .
MOTOROLA SEMI. PRDTS ., INC . Lane & Wa mp ler A dv ., Inc .
27 .. 19-20, 57
NATIONAL ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
SYSTEMS, INC ..... .
4
Fred Rige r Ad v ., In c.
NATION AL ELECTRONICS, INC.
90
Connor -Sager Assoc ., Inc .
NATIONAL SEMI. Chiat/ Day, Inc.
... 22, 23
NORTH ELECTRI C CO . ............ ....... .. 4B-49 Ma rc Assoc.
OPTRON, INC. .. .. .... Dean & Bain Adv ., Inc.
.. · .. .. . 28
POTTER & BRUMFI ELD, DIV. AMF, IN C. .......... .. Gran t, Wrigh t & Ba ker, In c.
PYLON CO., INC . ............. .. A merican Line-A-Graph Corp .
. .. 50-51, 87 .. .. .. 92
OATAPAC ... Rose Assoc.
DEARBORN ELECTRONICS, INC. The Harry P. Bridge Co.
DELEVAN , DIV. API .......... St ahlka, Faller & Klenk , In c.
ELCO CORP. ........ .. . . . Schae fer Ad vertisi ng In c.
ELECTRO-MOTIVE CO . C ulver Adv., In c.
ESC ELECTRONICS AC, In c.
QUALIDYNE CO RP. Ha l Lawrence, Inc.
62
. . Inside Ba ck Cover
95
RCA ELECTR ON IC COMPONENTS .. ...... 7, 34-35, 74, Back C ove r Al Paul Lefto n Co., Inc.
RENTAL ELECTRONICS . . . .
9B
45
Larcom Ra nd al l Adv., Inc .
REPUBLIC ELECTRONICS CO RP.
82
Kardonne Adv.
13
ROTRO N, INC . Le scarbouro Adv .,
· 1·~~.'
B6
FAIRCHILD SEMI. .. Ca rson/ Ro ber t s/ In c.
FAIRCHILD MICROWAVE Tom Jo nes Ad v.
.. .. ..... ....... 46, 47 41
G ARON ER-DENVER CO .
15
Buchen A dv., Inc .
G ENERAL ELECTRIC . . . . .
. . . . .
96
Batte n, Barto n, Durst ine & O sborn, Inc.
GRAYHILL, INC. .. .. ..
76
Corr Lig g ett Adv., In c.
GRIES REPRODUCER CO . .
92
H arold Mars hall Adv. Co., In c.
HOULE MFG. CO . ..
.. . 98
SCANBE MFG. CORP .
B3
J a nsson Adv., Inc.
SPRAGUE ELECTRIC CO .
CAPACITOR DIV.......... .............. .. The Harry P. Bridge C o.
SUCCESS MOTIVATION
INSTITUT E, INC. .. . .. .. ..
.. .. 71
Advert isi ng & M a rketing Assoc., In c.
TEL ED YNE PHILBRICK NEXUS . . Renoccio Adv., In c.
TELEDYNE RELAYS S. M ich elson Ad v.
TELEDYN E SEMI . ...... .... ...... . M onda Smith & Co.
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, INC ., COMPONENTS GRO UP .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. Albe rt Frank-Gue nther La w, Inc .
TUNG-SOL DIV . .. .. . W inius- Bro nd on Co.
.64, 69 11 79
37 78
INTEL
B-9
VACTEC , INC . . . . . .
77
ISOMET CO RP . . . . . Technical , Indu strial·
&'
·s~;·~~i i fi.~
.. .. 44
Coleman & Asso c. VARFLEX CORP . .. ..
76
Market ing, Inc.
Barlow/Joh nson, Inc.
KE PCO , INC We iss Ad v.
... Inside Front Cover
The Electronic Engineer · Au g. 1970
WATKINS -JOHNSON CO . Will ia m C. Est ler
. . . 5B
THE ELECTRONIC
ENGINEER
DISTRICT SALES MANAGERS
EDWARD G. SHAUD BALA ·CYNWYD , (Pa .) 19004
One De.: ker Square (Area Code 2 15) SHerwood 8 2000
JOSEPH DRUCKER NEW YORK 100 17- 100 East 42 nd St .
(Area Code 212) OXford 7 3400
JOHN W. BERNHARDT CH ICAGO 60606- 120 S Rove·sode
Plaza (Are a Code 312) 782 ·1400
G. T. ALFANO NEEDHAM HEI GHT S. MA SS. 0 2 194-
570 Hillside Ave (A rea Cod e 617) 444 00 10
TERRENCE ~ BUCKLEY THOMAS R. BORIS
LOS ANGELES 90005 3727 W. Si xth St. # 202
(A ·ea Code 2 13) DUrikork 7 1271
RALPH PETERSEN LOS ALTOS (San Francosco) 94022
199 Fir st St.. Room 335 (Area Code 41 5) 941 -6655
RICHARD DUTE CL EVELAN D 44114 - 60 1 Roc kwell Ave
(Are a Cod e 2 16) SUper, or 1·2860
NEWTON B. COLLINSON ATLANTA 30309- 1776 Peach tr ee St
NW (A·ea Code 404) 8 72 4 723
HARO LD E. MO TT WAYNE L. LOVING OALL AS 75 206-- Meado ws Bldg Ex pressway at M il t on (A- ea Code 214) [ Mor son 3 6426
BRENT GILBERT Houston 77027
4151 Southwest Freew~v Su ite 735
(Area Code 713) 62 1·7550
INTERNATIONAL BU SINESS OFFICES
Lon don , S W I 61 68 Jc1rny11 St , St Jc1 rne'i ·'.i
M a · r Huls1nY,Pr
Dir [ u1ope ao S,11es
I RA 6318 9 C" ble.
Ruy V C Hall, A Ber Y,
WHIP LONDON S W I
M;rnl11e\ ter 22 Ha1e 1op, W ylhen'!.h,~ we t 1v1c Cen l1 e
0 t Guu lder1 M[Rcu 1y 37Y~
4 0tl".seldot! R,llh f 1tels tr c1sse 32
Ou'iseldu rl 63203! L,,hle.
f. H1l!e1h1 ,m d. R Schu m bu 1Y.. W ti el. ~ e lm ,11 111
WHIP DU SS ELU OR f
P,11 is, 8e 10 Rue de Pu11 th1eu l"bles
S B1 u .vr1 JouH..ud
U Ysee'.i 6'> 11
UllP PAR IS 16e
f ol.y o Ruu m 8 14. J ugm 8 1cJY, CPO BoA Nu 1'> 12 C. obles
C I S.1 k aY,uc. h1
M Jru11oulh 1 l ei 211 · 3':>06 3109
Cl.ARENCE SAKA TOKYO
BUSINESS STAFF
K. ROBERT BRI NK Publisher
JOHN E. JAENISCH Adver t is ing Soles M ana ge r
DENNI S J . PERKINS Promo t io n M an ager
MARK R. WERTH Marketinq Services M anager
PAT KAU FF MAN Productio n Manager
WILLI AM M . CO FFEY Circulation Direc tor
JA MES F. NAG Y Circulation Manager
JOSEPH P. BABCOCK Re ade r Service Mana ge r
JOHN H . KOFRON Chilton Researc h Services
C . R. WIL HIDE Wash ington Vice-Presidenf
99
Index to Product Information
Listed below are a_ll products an_d new literature that appear in this issue, along with the page number they appear on and ~heir Reader Service Numbers (RSN). For more information, see the appropriate page and circle the corresponding number on the reader service card.
Components
Page
capacitors, dipped mic1 capacitors, film capacitors, polyester film capacitors, polysulfone film capacitors, variable choke, miniature connector, audio/ electronic connector socket
connectors, card-edge
connectors, subminiature contacts , spring-loaded crystals fan tilter, ceramic filter , RFl / EMI filters, EMI fuses & fuseholders IC test sockets indicator, molded
inductor, miniature
inductors, miniaturized
LC filter Iight, panel megnetic pickup multi -parts components optically-coupled Isolators photocells potentiometer, cermet pushbutton readouts relay, remnant reed relays relays, delay resistors, chip shielded cable switches switch, miniature selector switch, pushbutton switch, selector synchronous motor thermistor pellet tubes for SSB
5 86
1 62 87 84 52 84 45 84 92 44 86 87 84 88 81 85 84 86 95 13 85 87 92 37 77 87 88 84 85 11 88 86 66, 67
26 16 89 87 84 89 back cover
RSN
7 266
4 29 275 237 26 234 22 228 51 21 45 273 230 278 40 245 226 264 52 11 238 276 50 193 37 271 282 232 241 10 47 265 31 56-60 13 285 270 235 288 None
ICs and Semiconductors Page
BCD to seven segment
decoders/ drivers
77
CAM element
76
character generators
77
current source
78
custom MOS
57
electro-optics technology
34, 35
interference circuit
77
interface & memory components
ins. back cover
lamps
78
light emitting diode
41
line driver and receiver, dual
77
line drivers/ receiver
79
micropower op amps
77
MOS frequency divider
77
MOS/ LSI ROM
76
MOS 10-channel switch
77
multiplexer
46, 47
op amps
77
operational amplifiers
78
optoelectronic devices/arrays
28
RAM , bipolar
8, 9
read/ write memory
77
registers, LSI shift
77
SCR gate drive
84
SCRs, regenerative gates
90
SCRs & triacs
7
RSN
202 213 208 217
27 None
204
3 38
1 216 225 210 206 214 211 23 209 218 19
9 201 215 236 49
8
100
Page
series 7400 AND gates seven-stage frequency divider shift registers, TTL solid-state display, monolithic solid state lamps transistors, VHF power triacs, metal can TTL/MSI circuits twelve-volt hex inverter 2N5039
77 77 78 76 96 84 89 22, 23 77 74
Instrumentation
amplifier, lock·in circuit analysis system clock/data generator count/ countroller Fourier analyzer generator, rf/ i·f impedance bridge L-C meter, digital meter, battery-powered meters, panel power meter pulser rental instruments splitter/ combiner sweep generator
Page
83 90 83 84 40 82 40 81 85 84 81 21 98 85 83
Materials and Packaging Page
cleaner/ solvent
27
conductor compositions
85
heat sinks
8
rack assembly
87
sleeving
76
terminal strip, flexible
88
termination hardware
76
Modules
AID converter chopper stabilized op amps converters, D/ A and A/ D
converters, de-de
decoder/ driver HY supply interfa ce circuih logic clock
multicoupler, power
op-amp, FET op amp, FET power modules power supply power supply regulator readout, fiber-optic soli d-state relay speech amplifiers
Page
90 69 64 89 79 89 78 78 85 85 86 48, 49 86 79 88 50, 51 78
New Literature
amplifier, low noise microminiature j.f
amplifiers, differential video application, ac/ dc converter application notes applications, digital printer breadboards, PC catalog, 1970 condensed components, electronic
Page
98 98 93 93 97 98 95 93
RSN
203 207 219 212 53 231 287
16 205 34
RSN
257 293 255 233 258 249 259 260 243 229 261
15 54 246 256
RSN
18 240 48 274 36 279
35
RSN
295 32 30 289 223 292 221 220 244 242 268 24 262 224 277 25 222
RSN
394 405 361 363 387 396 379 364
Page
components, microcircuit
93
components cataloc
97
computer ind termin1I
94
computer reference m1nu1I
93
connector guide, PC
93
connectors, rack-1nd-p1nel
95
conversion card
94
couplers, G1As diode-silicon
photodetec:tor
98
crystal polishing kit
97
databook and rent1I catelog
94
decoderI power-drivers
98
drafting ind production 1lds
98
electron ics catalog
96
fluidic die protection
96
frequency measurements
94
glossary, optoelectronics
97
Hall effect
93
IC test system film
94
instrumentation c1talog
97
Instruments, panel
93
interconnectors
97
motors, electric
94
optoelectronics and rel1ys
97
parameters, performance
98
power supplies
94
processor, commlinlcation1
97
product assurance/ Mil Std 883 98
product c1p1bilities
94
rectifiers
93
relay catalog, coel11I
98
semiconductors, light-emitting
93
semiconductors, silicon
94
solid-state source, Ku-bind
98
switches, MOS monolithic
98
system, data transfer
98
system, digital d1t1 acquisition 98
system , signal averaging
96
systems, aging and burn-In
96
test accessories
95
transformer card
95
tubes , microwave
97
zener selector chlrt
94
RSN
382 389 372 368 367 378 373
395 391 370 401 398 none 383 374 non· 366 none 385 369 390 376 386 393 377 392 399 371 365 397
none
none 400 403 404 402 383 382 380 381 388 375
Production and Manufacturing
automated m1nufacturln1
deposition system
die bonder die handling systems extender boerd , DIP press-fitter , 1utom1tic soldering machine strap, tying-clamping ultrasonic cleaners wire-wrap tools
Page
4 84 89 86 88 86 86 89 85 15
RSN
6 227 291 269 281 267 263 290 248
2
Systems Equipment
Page
card printers, numeric
90
converters, level
89
display, CRT grophic
90
microwave collection systems
58
millimeter WIV9 source
85
oscillator, clock
85
oscillator, X-band
88
power supply
ins. front cover
power supply
87
ROM
2
signal conditioners
88
RSN
296 286 294
28 239 247 284
2 272
5 283
The Electronic Engineer · Aug. 1970
. . .J··. 1:f w·····~ ~f·>··J··E··R··· ~··
(ITwf il .·· ·
..··
···.~~~!~'~':.···
···./:fUM ~~::,.· ··········
This seal is worth nioney.
T0-71 T0-'78 T0-78E
You've never seen this symbo l before.
But if you 're interested in buying interface and memory components for less, yet retaining high quality manufacturin g processes , you won 't forget it.
This seal is the symbol for Tailored Wafer Fabrication, a un ique Qualidyne innovation in semiconducto r manufactu ring.
This proprietary process makes possible a wafer yield nearly twice the industry average.
That in itself is only part of the story. Quality hasn 't been sacrificed for price. The process lets us produce components of unusually high quality.
Hard to be lieve? Just for comparison's sake, see if your present dual transi sto rs matc h these monolithic NPN and PNP specs and prices:
The NPN -QD-100 Serles (in T0 -71 , 78, 78 epoxy cans) exhibit DC current gains (hFE) of 200 min . from 10 µ.A to 1 mA with t he Base-Emitter Volt age (YBE1 - VBE 2) of 5 mV, 3 mV and 1.5 mV . The 100 piece pri ce is $1 .00 to $3.68 , depending upon the package and model you choose .
The PNP-00400 Serl es (in T0-71 , 78, 78 epoxy cans) have DC current gains (hFE) of 100 min. from 10 µA to 1 mA w ith Base-Emitter Vo ltage (YBE 1- VBE2) of 5 mV, 3 mV and 1.5 mV. The 100 piece pri ce is $1.10 to $4 .05 , depending upon the package and model you choose.
The NPN 2N Series in T0-71 and T0-78 cans . 2N2913· 2N2920-Gene ral Purpose-$ 1.75 to $5.50 2N3423-2 N3424-High Frequency-$5 .00 to $7.30 2N4044-2N4880-Dielectric l so lation-$3 .00 to $8 .00
Qualidyne Corporation
Demonst ration, not co nversation, sells Qualidyne TWF compon ents. Fo r informatio n on our line of diode arrays, monolithic duals, li near ICs, drivers/ receivers and custom sem iconducto r memorie s, contact your Qualidyne re presentative, or contact us directly.
Qualidyne Corporation, 3699 Tahoe Way, Santa Clara, Calif. 95051 . (408) 738-0120.
Circle 3 on Inquiry Card
RCA is the first tube manufacturer to offer power tubes for SSB applicat ions whose distortion characteristics have been tested by "white noise " .
This means that RCA power tubes intended for multiplex service can be checked out under field use conditions before they are shipped. Thus , RCA tubes can meet conditions for distortion as it relates to noise loading procedures set forth by Mil Std 188Cand Mil Std 1311 .
Now, RCA tubes for
SSBcanbe "White Noise" tested
Under these test conditions , you can forget questions of definition between peak envelope power and peak sideband power, of peaking characteristics taking on average characteristics in multiplex services , of intermodulation performance ratings and how they relate to power output. RCA power tubes for SSB when tested for " white noise" at
average power output will supply the information to fulfill your application requirements .
Whether speech, teletype, data transmission or any combination is your SSB application , see your local RCA Representative or your RCA Industrial Tube Distributor about RCA power tubes . For technical data on specific types , write : RCA , Commercial Engineering , Section 59H / ZR4 , Harri son , N.J. 07029. International : RCA , 2-4 rue du Lievre, 1227 Geneva , Switzerland, or P 0 Box 112 , Hong Kong .
ncn
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