Electronics V35 N37 19620914 A McGmw-Hill Publication 75 Cen ts Septemb<'1' 14, 1902
electronics
Micromodular Systems
Detailed design infonnation, p 37
Magnetron Modulators
Latest solidstate devices, p 42
Continuous-wa v e laser emits 50 microwatts of visible coherent light
Undersea Radio
Charts summarize propagation, p 5.62
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00 -T & 01 -T units designed for transistor use only. Pats. Pend.
~Se ries connected ; gPa rallel connected
---+ ·Units newly added to series
AND CUSTOM BUILT SPECIAL UllTS
TO YOUR SPICIFICA110IS
CALIF.
ARLAI"
CllCU 900 IU
W. W. MacDONALD, Editor
J. M. CARROLL, Managing Editor SENIOR EDITORS , Samuel Weber, George W. Sideris. SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR, Michael f . Wolff. ASSO CIATE EDITORS: Michael F. Tomaino, Sylvester P. Carter, William P. O'Brien, John F. Mason, Sy Vogel, Leslie Solomon, George J. Flynn, Laurrence D. Shergalis. ASSISTANT EDITORS: Nilo Lindgren, Stanley Froud, Stephen B. Gray, Roy J . Bruun, George V. Novotny, Leon H. Dulberger. REGIONAL EDITORS : Harold C. Hood (Pacific Coast, Los Angeles ), Thomas Maguire (New England, Boston ), Cletus M. Wiley (Midwest, Chicago ). ART DIRECTOR : Harry Phillips; Howard R. Berry. PRODUCTION EDITOR, John C. W right, Jr. EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS: Gloria J. Meuer, Lorraine Rossi,
Virginia T. Ba stian, Lynn Emery, Ro semary Abbruzzese , Ann Mella, Lorraine Werner. FOREIGN NEWS BUREAU : Director, John Wilhelm, Alyne Elias. LONDON-John Shinn, Derek Barlow, Nicholas Landon . BONN-Peter Forbath, Silke McQueen. Paris-Robert Farrell, Arthur Erikson . Milan-Marc A. Messina . Mexico City -Bruce Bendow . Rio de JaneiroLeslie Warren. Moscow-Stewart Ram sey. Tokyo-Richard Halloran, Charles Cohen, John Yamaguchi.
JAMES GIRDWOOD, Publisher
Septemb er 14, 1962
electronics A McGraw-Hill Publication 75 Cents
CONTINUOUS-WAVE LASER produces visible light beams in
6,300-A region. The helium-neon unit uses r-f excitation and de-
livers 50 µ,w single-mode output. Raytheon researchers are study-
ing phenomenon of mode patterns and additional red dots that
join the dot of light produced by the laser on a screen
COVER
SCIENTISTS PREPARE TO STUDY QUIET SUN. Communica-
tions industry hopes to benefit from solar activity studies. This
will be the first time since concentrated solar studies began that
solar activity will be at a minimum
20
INDUSTRY HELP SOUGHT In Airspace Utilization Design. System up to 1975 is evolutionary, rather than revolutionary. Th e big push will be toward data processing and electronic display 26
MILITARY MAINTAINABILITY SPECS Aim at Simplifying
Repair Jobs. Military's outlook on maintenance problems is fea-
t ured at E CA conference. Latest regulations and specifications
are explained
28
MICROMODULES IN PRODUCTION. Now reaching the produc-
tion stage, micromodules have been put through tough series
of reliability tests. Figures given include those for radiation re-
sistance
10
MICROMODULES: How To Design Them, How To Use Them In Systems. Microelements such as resistors are laid down on ceramic: wafers t hat a r e then supported in stacks by riser wires Step-by-step p?'Ocedure considers form factors necessary in bot ' ci1·cuit and systems design. By R. DiStefano, J r ., Ra dio Corp. of Amer . 7
SEMICONDUCTOR MODULATORS for Modern Magnetrons. Series-string design with shunting resistors overcomes limitations of pnpn transistor switches as magnetron modulators. An operational 300 K w modulator has been developed; a 640-K ll' unit has been realized in the laboratory. By F. A. Gateka and M. L. Embree, Bell Telephone LaL 12
QUASI-DEGENERATE PARAMP: Is This the Simplest Paramp
Ever Built? It requires only one butterfly resonator and one
varator di ode with signal and pump coupling loops. Both signal
and idler f r equencies are within the resonator passband. Circuit
covers vhf and lower microwave frequencies, tunes over a two-
to-one bancl.
By R. J. Meyer, Boeinf! 46
Contents Continued
electronics
September 14, 1962 Volume 35 No . 37
Published weekly, with Electronlcs Buyers' Gulde ond Reference luue as part of the subscription, by McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc. Founder: Jamea H. McGraw (1860-1948).
Title ® registered U.S. Potent Office; © copyright 1962 by McGraw-Hiii
Publishing Co., Inc. All rights re· served, Including the right to reproduce the contents of this publication, in whole or In part.
Executive, editorial, clrculatlon and advertising offices McGraw-Hiii llulldlng, 330 West 42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y. Telephone Longacre 4-3000. Te letype TWX N.Y. 212-640-4646. Coble McGrawhlll, N . Y. PRINTED IN ALBANY, N. Y. ; second class postage paid at Albany, N. Y.
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OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION1 Donald C. McGraw, President; Hugh J . Kelly, Harry L. Waddell, Executive Vice Presidents ; L. Keith Goodrich, Executive Vice President and Treasurer; John J. Cooke, Vice President and Secretary.
Subscriptions are solicited only from those actively engaged In the field of the publication. Position and com· pany connection must be Indicated on orders. Subscription rates1 United States and Po11e11fon1, $6.00 one yea r, $9.00 two years, $12.00 three years. Canada, $10.00 one year. All other countries $20.00 one year. Single Copies, United States and Po11e11lon1 and Canada 75¢. Single copies all other countries $1 .-'0.
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2
CONTENTS continued
FINDING UNDERSEA CABLE FAULTS Wit h Compact New Instrument. Uses pulse-echo techn ique to identify eit h er sh unt or ser ies faults and displays t hem on a du al-bea m cathode-ray t ube. Pinpoints faults within one-tenth mile in a fifty-mile range. By F . J on es, Br itish Gen eral P ost Office and J . H. Reyner, F urzehill Labs, Ltd. 48
REFERENCE SHEET : Getting Signals Through to Submerged Submarines. Characteristics of sea water and the air-to-water int erface are hig hly unfavorable for electromagnetic communications. But it is essen tial to r etain contact with missile toting nuclea r subs. T his collection of charts neatly sums up the technical difficulties. By E. J. Hilliard, U. S. Navy Underwater Ordnance Station 52
DEPARTMENTS
Cr osstalk. Department of S cience? L et's Go S lowly 3
Comment. Industry-Education Council. Creativity
and Inventions
4
Electronics Newsletter. NASA Negotiates For
Lunar Logistics Studies
7
Washington Ou t look. S mall Business and De-
pressed A reas Getting More DOD Awards
12
Meetings Ahead. Nonlinear Magnetics Interna-
tional Conf erence
32
Research and Development. Quasicascading Ups
Parametric A mplifier Gain
60
Components a nd Materials. New Approach to Elec-
troluminescent Display
68
Production Techniques. R eliability of Tantalum
Capacitors Increased
78
New P roducts and Design Application. Microphone
Cancels 23-DG A mbient Noise
86
Literature of the Week.
106
People a nd Plants. S bordone : Making Time With
T ea1nwork
108
Index to Advertisers.
11 9
electro ni cs
CROSSTALK
Department of Science? Let's Go Slowly
EVER SINCE the first Russian sputnik went into orbit on Oct. 4, 1957 the suggestion has been repeatedly advanced that scientists and engineers should have a greater voice in governmental planning and decision making.
One of the first responses to the suggestion was the vesting of more responsibility in the Office of the Science Adviser to President Eisenhower. The trend has continued under the Kennedy administration, and now there is talk of forming a Congressional Commission on Science and Technology, or a cabinet-rank Department of Science and Technology.
ALL THIS ATTENTION is indeed flattering to the scientist and engineer, and it undoubtedly has value in that it focuses public interest on science and engineering as a prime bulwark of our defense. But before we embark upon the planning of a Science Department it would be wise to give more thought to precisely what its function might be.
The present Office of the Science Adviser descends from the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), the top-drawer government agency that guided much of our research effort during World War II. Appointing such a research body has been part of our wartime syndrome for over a century. Mr. Lincoln's OSRD is still in business-it is the National Academy of Sciences. Mr. Wilson's OSRD is also still around-it is the National Research Council.
THERE ARE TWO VIEWS of what a permanent Department of ~cience and Technology might do.
It could encompass all the research functions of the federal government: the National Bureau of Standards, Naval Research Laboratory, National Institute of Health, Department of Agriculture Experiment Stations and many, many more. Just how compatible are radio propagation, radar, cancer research and development of prize turkeys? What would be the effect upon the Department of Defense, using its research arms for highly specialized studies aimed at particular missions?
A second view is that the new department could do research on research. This makes more sense but we wonder if it really requires a new cabinet-rank organization to carry it out. Why
couldn't the existing National Science Foundation, or the National Academy of Sciences, be strengthened sufficiently to do the job?
THERE MAY BE AN EASIER WAY to better utilize the abilities of scientists and engineers. The President might more often consider appointing engineers and scientists who have proved their ability in management to agencies such as the Atomic Energy Commission and the Federal Communications Commission.
MICROELECTRONICS-For several years now we have been hearing about various approaches to microelectronics. Several experimental equipment types have been built using them. This year applications of microelectronics are coming thick and fast. And the equipment using them is not all just experimental.
We used to talk about three basic approaches. In the first, circuits are built up on tiny modular wafers; this is generally called the micromodular approach. The second makes use of almost molecularly thin films, usually deposited on a glass substrate; this is the thin-film approach and one of its ramifications includes work in cryogenic or very-low-temperature circuits. The third approach uses circuits diffused into solid blocks of silicon. This approach has been called molecular electronics, monolythic circuits, Functional Electronic Blocks, Semiconductor Solid Circuits, Micrologic and probably many more.
All these approaches aim eventually at producing equipment that is smaller, lighter, hopefully more economical and, above all, more reliable. Each approach has its unique advantages and, in fact, we may even see two or more approaches combined in a single piece of equipment.
The article on p 37 by R. DiStefano of RCA is entitled, How To Design Micromodules. But it also tells how to design equipment using micromodules.
Next week we will publish an article on applying functional blocks in system design by the late H. W. Henkels of Westinghouse Electric. These articles will bring you up to date in the technique of applying two of the approaches to microelectronics.
Coming In Our September 21 Issue
POWER HANDLING-One way to handle high power with transistors is to operate in the switching mode so that dissipation is kept within limits for the device. An application of this switching mode in the design of a 500-watt transistor regulator is discussed next week by P. Balthasar, of Bendix Corporation.
September 14, 1962
3
500kc to 1OOmc
new
®
rf JERR~lll
Logarithmic Amplifier
Model LA-5100
JERROLD ELECTRONICS CORPORATION Industrial Products Division, Dept. ITE-157
Ph iladelphia 32, Pa.
4 CIRCLE 4 ON READER SERVICE CARD
COMMENT
Industry-Education Council
I was extremely interested in your August 10 (p 24) article on the Industry-Education Council, entitled West Starts Recruiting Early. I want to commend your magazine for its efforts.
If you have inquiries from any of your readers for information on the Industry-Education Council, you may direct them to my attention at the Industry-Education Council office, 700 State Drive, Los Angeles 37, California.
C. F. HORNE Chairman of the Board Southern California Industry-Education Council Los Angeles, California
Creativity and Inventions
F. G. Marble's "R&D and Profit" (Comment, p 4, July 13) plea for "help and guidance" by editorial policy, should be echoed by everyone in the electronics industry, especially in conflicts between engineers and management, such as those involved in "who gets the patents."
Industry, via its assign-all-patents employment contracts, now takes those patents from its employees. It also wants them when it is the employee of the government in cost-plus R&D contracts.
But very strange indeed is the fact that the engineers and scientists who create these inventions, whether in industrial or governmental institutions, have no voice whatever in such conflicts! By common law those inventions are the property of the inventor, his employer receiving only a non-exclusive, royalty-free, manufacturing right in return for his salary and the use of the employer's facilities. It is this law which industry has bypassed with its employment contracts.
It may be countered that no one forces creative talent into these industrial or governmental laboratories, which obviously is an undeniable fact. It goes there of its own free will and accord.
But the climate for independent invention has grown so hostile that
it is well-nigh impossible for it to exist. The hostility of the nontechnical courts, the outright piracy of inventions and, if not that, the lone inventor's extremely poor bargaining position, the rough squeeze of the revenue laws on invention returns and on risk capital, all these and more have left only an arid desert in which invention flowers under great difficulty.
If, twenty years ago, a patent was only an invitation to a lawsuit, which an independent inventor might be able to finance against a powerful, piratical industry, its chances now of survival are infinitely worse.
The result: Independent inventors now comprise less than half of the total, whereas a generation or two ago most were independents. Realizing the hardships of independent invention in this hostile climate, more than half have gone into industrial or governmental laboratories, willy-nilly signing those assign-all-patents when they did so.
The result of this? The R&D costs of invention have soared, while the quantity and, more importantly, the quality of patents has decreased.
When, in speaking of the American free enterprise system, Mr. Marble speaks of rewards "commensurate with the contribution," he unfortunately does not mention the creative talent which, now as always, is the source of every product, every industry, all technological progress, as well as our nation's defense against powerful enemies abroad. Most engineers only apply, by copy-cat techniques, what their relatively few creatively endowed brethren have created.
Instead of lessening technical instruction and increasing that devoted to business management, as Mr. Marble finally suggests, I would most strongly emphasize creativity in technical school curricula, especially in following the teaching of what has already been created or discovered by the thinkers who provided that knowledge. To apply old knowledge is important for today, but to create new knowledge is even more so for insuring progress tomorrow!
B. F. MIESSNER Miessner Inventions, Inc. Miami Shores, Florida
electronics
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Complete Kit, Specially Priced At ....... $380.00
Contains 18 pieces each of the following capacitance values in the VY 12 case size: 1.0, 1.5, 2.7, 3.3, 3.9, 4.7, 5.6, 6.8, 8.2, 10, 12, 15, 18, 22, 33 and 47 mmf. 5% tolerance.
Complete Kit, Specially Priced At ........ $180.00
Write for FREE CATALOG on the complete line of "Vitramon" Porcelain and Ceramic Capacitors
September 14, 1962
Box 544 · Bridgeport 1 1 Connecticut
CIRCLE S ON READER SERVICE CARD 5
2.0- 4.0 4.0- 8.0 8 .0 - 12.4 12.4 - 18.0 18.0- 26.5
Why 3 out of 5 BWO's in new microwave signal generators are Raytheon
Certainly it's more convenient to select from Raytheon's 45 different BWO's. But most needs are met with six tubes covering 1 to 26.5 kMc (above). They're unusually compact and incorporate grids for low-voltage pulse and amplitude modulation or the application of AGC. Write for more reasons in technical data. Raytheon Co. o Microwave and Power Tube Div., Waltham 54, Mass·.
CIRCLE 6 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ELECTRONICS NEWSLETTER power performance. Beam power density achieved is a megawatt per
square centimeter at a beam volt-
age of 11 Kv. Beam transmission is
NASA Negotiates For Lunar Logistics Studies
greater than 90 percent using a magnetic focusing field of 2,700
NEGOTIATIONS are underway for 3-month studies of a lunar lo- gauss. Hughes engineers hope to
gistic system between NASA and Space Technology Laboratories, use the tube for communication
Inc., Northrop Space Laboratories and Grumman Aircraft. STL through the ion sheath encountered would study various type of spacecraft for carrying supplies to the by spacecraft. on reentry.
manned Apollo landing site on the moon. Engineering data will be effects associated with space vehicle
supplied on how subsystems in a launch and flight much better than Contactless Switch Study
9,000-lb vehicle carrying some 1,500 lb of gear might form the basis for
a follow-on development of a 90,000-lb vehicle carrying 20,000 lb of cargo. Boosters could be Saturn C-1 and C-5. Northrop and Grumman would study cargos the vehicles might carry.
Profits Down in 1961 for Printed-Circuit Industry
PRINTED CIRCUIT board manufacturers' profits declined in 1961, reported the Institute of Printed Circuits (IPC). The IPC surveyed independent producers that did 40 percent of the $48 million printed circuit sales in 1961. They said average profits were 1 percent of sales in 1961, compared with 3.2 percent, after taxes, in 1960. The IPC said the reason for the decline
present core memories. Cost is expected to be a fraction of conventional memory cost.
High-Frequency Magnetron To Be Developed for Army
NINETY-THREE-Ge coaxial magnetron and microwave duplexer will be developed by the Westinghouse Electronic Tube Division for the U.S. Army Signal Corps. The magnetron will be of the inverted type with a circular waveguide output. The duplexer will be a broadband, fixed-tuned transmit-receive switch and a dual transmit-receive switch with 3-db couplers. The two development contracts total $279,204.
TWT Develops 150 Watts at Millimeter Frequencies
Contract Awarded by Navy
CONTACTLESS switching techniques for military aircraft electrical systems will be studied by Ling-Temco-Vought, Inc., under a $79,000, 18-month contract awarded by the Bureau of Naval Weapons. Static switching characteristics of semiconductors, magnetic, chemical and ferroelectric devices will be investigated.
Besides improving reliability of the electrical systems and reducing physical size, contactless switches are expected to reduce maintenance problems and fire hazards. Such switches are compatible with small conductor flat interconnecting cable, molded harnesses and printed circuits. Future applications are expected to be in missiles, space vehicles and support equipment.
of profits was due to the many nonprofit operations in the industry in 1961.
HIGH - POWER millimeter - band traveling-wave tube developed by Hughes Aircraft engineers is re-
Licensing Rates to Drop Ten Percent, Japan Says
ported to have an output of 150 TOKYO-Japan Electronics Indus-
New Computer Memory Planned for Space Use
watts c-w at 53.3 Ge. Efficiency of try Association (JEIA) reported the tube is about 30 percent. Pre- that the Radio Corporation of cise electron optics employed in the America (RCA) has agreed to
WOVEN SCREEN computer mem- gun structure permit the high- lower licensing rates by ten percent
ory planes are the subject of a
$50,000 research contract awarded to Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc.
Air Force Seeks Builder For Giant Telescope
(TRW) by the Applied Physics
BOSTON-Air Force is canvassing industry for firms qualified
Laboratory of Johns Hopkins Uni-
to design and build a giant servo-controlled optical telescope
versity. Made by weaving strands of bare copper wire into a screen mesh and plating the mesh with magnetic material, the memories will be developed for possible use in the Navy's navigational satellite system.
Random access read-write cycles of less than 1 ,.sec are claimed. The developers say the new design will be more reliable, and will withstand
and associated laboratories for studies of the solar atmosphere. A vacuum system and extensive electronic instrumentation will be included with the 300-ft-long, 30-inch aperture telescope planned by the A. F. Cambridge Research Laboratory (AFCRL), Bedford, Mass.
AFCRL's Sacramento Peak Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, is the center of USAF solar research, but it has not yet been decided if the new opt,ical system will be built at that site. Formal requests for proposals will be sent to qualified companies by Electronic Systems Div., Bedford, which handles procurement for AFCRL
temperature, shock and vibration
September 14, 1962
7
on most new production agree- ules, was developed by Litton. Pro- In Brief . . .
ments. Old licensing agreements posals have been made to the Japa-
between RCA and Japanese manufacturers are due to expire at the end of this year.
JEIA reported licensing rates for the production of a-m transis-
nese government on the JADE system, and a contract decision is expected early next year, reported Litton.
SONARS for surface ships will be built for the Navy by Edo Corp. under a $5.7 million BuShips contract.
tor radios will be lowered from 0.5 percent to 0.45 percent. Rates for f-m tube and transistor radios will be lowered from 10.0 percent to 0.9 percent. Black and white television receiver rates are to go from 1.75 percent to 1.575 percent. The
Polaris Submarine Simulator Now in Use
SIMULATOR of Polaris submarine missile control room, built by Curtis-Wright Corp., is now in use
MILITARY test equipment will be built for Sperry Gyroscope and Aircraft Armaments by Systron Div. of Systron-Donner Corp. under contracts totaling $308,000.
association expects that Japanese industry will save more than $1 million next year after reduction of the licensing fees. JEIA also reported that transistor tape recorders, stereo phonographs, tube stereo and transistor audio
at the Navy Submarine School, New London, Conn. Duplicating oceanic operating conditions as well as intermediate range ballistic missile launch tasks, the trainer provides realistic crew experience.
Magnetic drnms store 2.5 million
SPERRY Gyroscope has received a $4.9 million addition to its Nike Zeus contract. Sperry Phoenix has received orders for B-52 bomber electronic controls tofa ling $4 million.
amplifiers will be produced in Japan bits of submarine and missile data
under RCA licensing agreements in the form of 80,000 instructions GAMMA-RAY radiation measure-
for the first time next year.
and 2,500 evaluation messages. In- ment instruments, pocket size
structions are given at a rate of 18 for use by Air Force personnel,
EIA Recommends Standards
million a minute. Prepunched cards inserted at the control console in-
will be built by Jordan Electronic Div. of Victoreen Instrument Co.
For Uhf-Vhf Television
troduce a variety of malfunctions.
under a $830,000 contract that also includes 165,000 radiological
RECOMMENDATIONS for allchannel (uhf and vhf) television
Integration Contract For
dosimeter chargers.
set standards were submitted to the Titan III Is Announced
ELECTRONIC Industries Associa-
Federal Communications Commis-
tion reported that factory sales
sion by the Electronic Industries TITAN III systems integration of receiving tubes and television
Association (EIA ) . Standards rec- contractor will be Martin-Marietta picture tubes dropped to $30.7
ommended were, "The receiver shall Corp., the Department of Defense million in July, lowest monthly
be capable of receiving any uhf announced. The system is described total this year.
channel with a noise figure not to as a standardized work horse
exceed 18 db, and the average of the launch vehicle. Appropriations for BUSINESS and Defense Services
limits of sensitivity of the uhf Titan III for fiscal 1963 totaled
Administration of the Depar t-
\
channels shall not be more than 8 $204 million. Martin had been db below the average of the sensi- awarded a previous contract in late
ment of Commerce reported that shipments of electronic compo-
tivity of the vhf channels."
1961 to permit completion of the nents by U.S. producers in the
The EIA recommendations were program definition phase.
first quarter of 1962 were 4 per-
based on the present state-of-the-
cent above the previous quarter's
art capabilities of the industry.
level and 18 percent higher than
They were developed at a confer- Air Force Develops
the first-quarter level last year.
ence sponsored by the EIA Engineering Department.
High Speed Camera
NAVY has selected General Preci-
HIGH-SPEED CAMERA system, sion, Inc.'s doppler navigation
U.S. and Japanese Firms Sign Business Agreement
using an image-converter tube, has been developed through Air Force research, the Department of Com-
system, AN/ APN-153 V, for use on ASW, instruder attack, and early warning planes.
merce announced. The system,
JAPANESE FIRMS, Mitsubishi which works on an overall light DELCO Radio div. of General Mo-
Electric Manufacturing Co. and gain, can record 16 pictures, each
Fuji Communication Apparatus exposed from 3 x 10-' sec to 3 x
tors has been contracted by Army Signal Supply Agency to impr ove
Manufacturing Co., have signed an 10-· sec. The converter tube is ca- production techniques for the
agreement with Litton Industries pable of amplifying light over 25 germanium power tr an s is tor
for production, sales and service of times. A mesh grid, with a voltage (2Nl358A). Goal is a device ca-
an air defense control system of pulse of +65 v applied to it, con- pable of a failure rate of no more
Japan. The Japanese Air Defense trols the flight paths of photoelec- than 0.03 percent per 1,000 hours
Environment (JADE) system, a trons in their flight to a fluorescent of operation at a 90 percent con-
series of command and control mod- screen. Pulses are synchronized.
fidence level at 25 deg C.
8
electronics
Capacitors for Power Supplies (and other applications requiring extremely large values of capacitance)
WHICH DO YOU NEED-FINE ··· or ··· SUPERFINE?
POWERLYTI~®
CAPACITORS
for 65 C Operation
With metal cases ranging from 13/a 11 diameter x 2Ya 11 long to 3 11 diameter x 4% 11 long, Type 360 capacitors pack the highest capacitance values available in these physical si:z:es. Their maximum capacitance values range from 150,000 µF at 3 volts to 1000 µF at 450 volts.
COMPULYTIC®
CAPACITORS
for 85 C Operation
The Type 320 Series offers the ultimate in reliable long-life electrolytic capacitors for computer service. With case si:z:es similar to those of Type 360, these higher-temperature units have maximum capacitance values ranging from 130,000 µF at 2.5 volts to 630 µF at 450 volts.
Both Powerlytics and Compulytics have all of the qualities you expect from Sprague electrolytic capacitors-low equivalent series resistance, low leakage currents, excellent shelf life, and high ripple current capability. They are available with tapped terminal inserts, often preferred for strap or bus bar connections, as well as solder lugs for use with permanently wired connections.
Popular ratings of Type 360 Powerlytics are now available for fast delivery from your Sprague Industrial Distributor.
For complete technical data on Type 36D Powerlytics, write for Engineering Bulletin 3431. For the full story on "blue ribbon" Type 32D Compulytics, write for Bulletin 3441B to the Technical Literature Section, Sprague Electric Company, 35 Marshall St., North Adams, Mass.
SPRAGUE COMPONENTS
CAPACITORS TRANSISTORS MAGNETIC COMPONENTS RESISTORS MICRO CIRCUITS
INTERFERENCE FILTERS PULSE TRANSFORMERS PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS PULSE-FORMING NETWORKS TOROIDAL INDUCTORS
HIGH TEMPERATURE MAGNET WIRE CERAMIC-BASE PRINTED NETWORKS PACKAGED COMPONENT ASSEMBLIES FUNCTIONAL DIGITAL CIRCUITS ELECTRIC WAVE FILTERS
September 14, 1962
SPRAGUE®
THE MARK OF RELIABILITY
'Sprague' and '@'are registered trademarks of the Sprague Electric Co.
CIRCLE 9 ON READER SERVICE CARD 9
(ACTUAL SIZE)
SOLID CIRCUIT semiconductor networks are manufactured from pure silicon "master slice" wafers (center illustration) which contain more than 30 separate circuit bars. Customized interconnection patterns (four corner wafer fragments) are then photo-etched in aluminum on "master slice" wafers, producing completely integrated semiconductor networks ready for packaging.
10
electronics
··.the first economical answer to
custom circuits
ae&m . . . . . . . . Texas Instruments now offers you hundreds of variations in semiconductor networks. Today
you can get the exceptional reliability and miniaturization benefits of
SOLID CIRCUIT semiconductor networks in many customized designs
- at only slightly more cost than standard, catalog circuits. The flexible
"master slice" design concept developed by Texas Instruments makes this
achievement possible.
'
HERE'S HOW: First, standard "master slice" integrated circuit bars complete except for interconnections - are taken from established, highvolume production lines. Second, a special interconnection pattern mask for your circuit is prepared. Third, your special interconnection pattern is photo-etched in aluminum on the "master slice" circuit bar.
YOUR BENEFITS: You get a complete semiconductor network, integrating resistors, capacitors, diodes and transistors into a single, highpurity silicon wafer - to your specifications. Evaluation samples can be available within several weeks from final design approval. Because preparation of the special interconnection pattern is the only cust.om step in the manufacturing process, you get most of the economy and delivery benefits of using standard TI production units.
Of course, "master slice" variations may not satisfy all your circuit requirements. Totally custom semiconductor networks - starting with the pure silicon - can be designed by Texas Instruments to meet an even greater variety of applications.
*Trademark. of Texas Instruments Incorporated
For more detailed information on how "master slice" design offers you the first economical answer to custom circuits, call your local TI Sales Engineer or write to Department 370 today for this brochure.
Completed SOLID CIRCUIT semiconductor network, enlarged Sllz times.
SEMICONDUCTOR /COMPONENTS DIVISION
September U, 1962
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
INCORPORATED
13500 N . CENTRAL EXPRESSWAY P. 0 . BOX 5012 ·DALLAS 22 . TEXAS
19370
CIRCLE 11 ON READER SERVICE CARD 11
WASHINGTON OUTLOOK
DOD AWARDS TO SMALL BUSINESS AND DEPRESSED AREAS UP
INCREASING VOLUME of military contracts to small business
and to companies in so-called labor surplus areas is pouring new fuel on the simmering political controversy over the award of military orders. Critics in Congress and industry complain that the military serivces are placing too much attention on social and political factors in placing contracts while cost, efficiency and technical factors are frequently down-graded. The critics, obviously, speak for areas which do not rate procurement preference.
The facts are these: Prime contracts to small business in fiscal 1962, amounted to $4.6 billion, or 17.7 percent of total procurement. This was nearly $1 billion over the previous year's rate. Prime contracts to firms in labor surplus areas under a partial setaside program during July 1961-March 1962 were nearly double the amount for the entire fiscal 1961, and triple the dollar volume in fiscal 1960. The administration is caught between the need to bolster sagging areas of the economy and its reluctance to use defense procurement as a WPA-type project.
SENATE TO ACT ON NEW PATENT MEASURE
LEGISLATION BLOCKING possible trade conspiracy by requir-
ing filing with the patent office of private agreements in settlement of patent interferences is taking the last Senate hurdle toward probable adoption. The reports would become confidential, except to special parties or agencies. The measure, opposed by some industry interests as forcing disclosure of commercial secrets (i.e. license and royalty details of agreements), passed the House, and this month went before a sympathetic Senate Judiciary Committee. President Kennedy, in March, called for publication of such agreements "in view of the potentially anti-competitive abuses to which use of patents and trademarks are by nature subject," and because, "such agreements may include features designed to weaken future competition at the expense of the consumer."
"Recent experience," reported the House Judiciary Committee in recommending approval of the measure, "has indicated that parties have sometimes used these interference proceedings in derogation of the public interest ... for the purpose of restricting competition."
NASA REVEALS SOVIET SPACE FAILURES
FOR THE FIRST time, the U. S. has told the Soviets-and the
rest of the world-just how effectively our electronic monitoring systems perform. NASA revealed that on Oct. 10 and 14, 1960, the Soviets tried and failed to send a pair of spacecraft to Mars; on Feb. 4, 1961, to Venus; on Feb. 12, 1961 the trajectory to Venus was successful but communications failed; then on Aug. 25 and Sept. 1, 1962, two more Venus shots failed.
Officials won't say how the information was obtained nor why it was released. Although the Central Intelligence Agency may have helped, fact remains that our radar net is better than we thought; reason for releasing the information may have been exasperation at .constantly hearing a lopsided version of the Soviet space effort.
12
electro nic s
Specify Raytheon Reliable Receiving Tube Types
Raytheon's exclusive design features can improve the performance of your radio, television receiver and high fidelity designs. To illustrate:
Video Pentode 6HB6, 15HB6-A unique Raytheon grid wi.nding makes possible twice as much sensitivity as conventional tubes and increased voltage output. This tube with transconductance in excess of 20,000 1_,mhos is ideal as a luminescence amplifier in color TV; video amplifier in single-rectifier b&w receivers.
New Pentode-Diode 6GA 7 - A horizontal amp lifier and damping rectifier, the 6GA 7 utilizes a 12-pin integral all-glass base. It delivers performance equiv-
alent to separate 6DQ6B and 6AX4B tubes along with space, socket, and other savings.
Horizontal Amplifiers 6GE5, l 2GE5, 17GE5-New 12-pin integral all-glass base types are equivalents of "-DQ6B" types with greater reliability and uniformity, plus exceptional performance on low-to-high line voltage variations.
For special engineering assistance on your specific application as well as technical data on these tube types, please ~ontact: Raytheon Company, Receiving Tube Operation, Industrial Components Division, 55 Chapel Street, Newton 58, Massachusetts.
For small order and prototype requirements see your local franchised Raytheon Distributor.
'INDUSTRIAL COMPONENTS DIVISION
NEWTON 58, MASSACHUSETTS
CIRCLE 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Save Time and Trouble by standardizing on BUSS Fuses-You'll find the right fuse every time ... in the Complete BUSS Line!
By using BUSS as your source for fuses, you can. quickly find the type and size fuse you need. The complete BUSS line of fuses includes: dual-element "slowblowing", single-element "quick-acting", and signal or visual indicating types ··· in sizes from 1/500 amp. upplus a companion line of fu8e clips, blocks and holders.
BUSS Trademark Is Your Assurance Of Fuses Of Unquestioned High Quality
For almost half a century, millions upon millions of BUSS fuses have operated properly under all service conditions.
To make sure this high standard of dependability is maintained ··· BUSS fuses are tested in a sensitive
electronic device. Any fuse not correctly calibrated, properly constructed and right in all physical dimen· sions is automatically rejected.
Should You Have A Special Problem In Electrical Protection ... BUSS fuse engineers are at your service-and in many cases can save you engineering time by helping you choose the right fuse for the job. Whenever possible, the fuse selected will be available in local wholesalers' stocks, so that your device can be serviced easily.
For more information on the complete line of BUSS and FUSETRON Small Dimension Fuses and Fuseholders, write for BUSS bulletin SFB.
BUSS: The complete line of fuses and
. ~~i~f unquestioned high quality.
14 CIRCLE 14 ON READER SERVICE CARD
BUSSMANN MFG. DIVISION McGraw-Edison Co. St· .Louis 7, Mo.
electronics
STACKPOLE-proved in service!
When it comes to stringent service requirements, Stackpole measures up! Designed to meet or exceed every MIL-R-11 requirement, Stackpole Coldite 70+ Fixed Composition Resistors bring in addition extra load life, and moisture and humidity resistance to a host of industrial applications.
For Extra Dependability, we mold Coldite 70+
resistance elements and outer insulating shells of similar materials. A completely new process then forms them into a solid, homogeneous structure that defies catastrophic failure or erratic resistance changes in severe environments.
Easiest of All to Solder by Dip or Iron, Coldite
70+ Resistors are unequaled for production line efficiency. They're the only resistors, whose leads are solder dipped - not once, but twice - besides the usual tin coating. That's why leads stay smooth and tarnish-free even after months in storage.
Today's Best-Looking Resistors, Coldite 70+
combine handsome, glossy finish and uniform, easilyread color codes. Their attractive appearance easily survives scrubbing with solvents. They're available in MIL-R-11 Type RC-20 (~ watt), Type RC-32 (1-watt), and Type RC-42 (2-watt) in all standard resistance values and at ordinary resistor prices.
Eledronit: Components Division
STACKPOLE CARBON COMPANY
St. Marys, Penna.
fixed composition llSISTOIS
CElAMA8e FERRITE CORES~;--VARIABLE COMPOSITION RESISTORS · SLIDE & SNAP SWITCHES · CERAMA&NETe CERAMIC MAGNETS · FIXED COMPOSITIO.N CAPACITORS · BRUSHES FOR ALL ROTATING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL CONTACTS · GRAPHITE BEARINGS, SEAL RINGS, ANODES · HUNDREDS OF RELATED CARBON & GRAPHITE PRODUCTS.
September 14, 1962
CllCU 15 ON HADER SHVKE CAID 15
What's your present job in electronics? What will you be working on tomorrow? Do you know the latest electronic developments outside your particular specialty that may affect your work?
Below is a sampling of topics within the 3,000 plus editorial pages produced per year by electronics' 28-man edito· rial staff. No matter where you work today, or in which job function(s)~ electronics will keep you fully in· formed as an electronic engineer. Subscribe today via the Reader Service Card in this issue. Only 71h cents a copy at the 3 year rate.
electronics
IS EDITED TO KEEP YOU FULLY INFORMED ON ALL PHASES OF ELECTRONICS
Thin Films
16
Tubes
electronics
This Revolutionary New RCA Memory Stack
Completes AFull Cycle In 300 Nanoseconds With Only 350 ma Drive
Now, a major advance in Ferrite Stack Design and Construction by RCA makes 65-Nanosecond Switching a reality.
· Outstanding Reliability... Mechanized production techniques permit more precise control of each fabrication step--produce a rugged, high-reliability structure.
Here is the industry's first commercially available · Broad Capacity Range .. . Available in 32 word x
Microferrite Memory Stack with complete read/
30 bit size, and in any multiple of this size.
write cycle time of 300 nanoseconds at drive current
levels below 350 ma-bit outputs of 50 mv.
· Plug-In-Convenience ... Each stack incorporates
This revolutionary two-core-per-bit word-address system bypasses today's experimental memory tech-
standard plug connections for fast, easy installation.
niques by using proved, reliable ferrite cores in a high-density array of advanced design. Check these important benefits:
· Complete Service ... Whatever your requirements, custom or RCA standard, your local RCA Semiconductor and Materials Division Field Rep-
· High Packing Density ... 1,000 to 2,000 bits per cubic inch.
· Superior Stability and Ruggedness .. . Printed wiring assures positive, rigid contact to each
resentative is prepared to provide a completely coordinated application service for all RCA Computer-Memory Products. Call him today at your nearby RCA Field Office.
core. Planes designed to meet Military Mechani- For complete technical information on new RCA
cal and Environmental Specifications.
Microferrite Memory Stacks, write RCA Semicon-
a · Precision Uniformity .. . Mechanized fabrication ductor and Materials Division, Commercial Engi-
eliminates many hand-assembly variables.
neering, Section FN9-2, Somerville, N. J.
THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN ELECTRONICS
TENTATIVE DATA TYPICAL DRIVE REQUIREMENTS AT 25'C
Amplitude (ma)
Rise Time (nsec)
Duration (nsec)
Read Pulse
350
30
100
Partial Write Pulse
250
20
45
Oi1it Pulse
70
15
85
BIT OUTPUT (lwo·Core/Bit Word·Addressl
~Bit
OutPuts
Amplftude Sensln1
BIPorar Sensing
Und is turbed '1'(mv)
60
+so
Und isturbed "O'(mY)
12
-so
RCA SEMICONDUCTOR Ii MATtRIALS DIVISION Fltllt OfflCts ' · . · UST: Newark, N. J., 744 Broad St., HU !>-3900 · (Camde~ Ph iladelphia Area) Erlton, N. J., 605 Marllon Pike, HA 8-4802 · Syracuse, N. Y., 731 James St., Rm. 402, CR 4·5591 ·Baltimore, Md., EN 9·1850 · NORTHEAST: Needham Hei&hts 94, Mus., 64 " A" St ., HI 4·7200 · SOUTHEAST: Orlando, Fla ., 1520 Edgewater Or., Suite # I , GA 4-4768 · UST CENTRAL: Detroit 2, Mich., 714 New Center Bldg., TR 5-5600 · CENTRAL : Chlca10r lll._. Suite 1154, Mercl\and lse Mart Plaza, WH 4·2900 · India~ apolls 5; Ind., 2132 £ast 52nd St., Cl 1-1405 ·Minneapolis 16,
Minn., 5805 Excelsior Blvd. , WE 9-0676 ·Denver 11, Colorado. Continental Terrace Bldg., Suite 301, 2785 N. Speer Blvd., 477· 1688. WEST: Los Angeles 22, Calif., 6801 £. Washinaton Blvd., RA 3·8361 · (San Francisco Area) Burlinaame, Callt ., 1838 El Cam ino Real, OX 7· 1620 · Seattle 4, Wash., 2250 first Ave. S., MA 2-8816 · SOUTHWEST: Oallas 7, Texas, 7905 Carpenter fr eeway, ME 1·9720 · COV'T: Dayton, Ohio, 224 N. Wiikinson St ., BA 6·2366 · Washington, 0 . C., 1725 "K" St., N.W., FE 7·8500 · RCA INTERNATIONAL DIVISION, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y. Cable AddresS'l RADIOINTER, N. Y.
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 17 ON READER SERVICE CARD 17
REQUIRED
Excellence In Receiver Selectivity With Mini·
mum Component Population
SOLUTION:
'I Midland filters with guaranteed ultimate dis·
crimination of more than 100 db with 60db/3db
BWR < 1.8 I A low cost stock filter with vir·
tually no insertion loss
FACT Midland crystal filters are the result of exact design methods and real production knowhow.
Facts are facts and filters are Midland's busi-
* ness. Their filter and crystal engineering skills
and facilities assure the user of top reliability
and performance.
This is l\Iidland's Type
FB-5 crystal filter produced by the tens of thou-
sands - the only sure proof of production abil-
ity. It is an 8 pole - 6 zero precision network
that incorporates no added dissipative elements
in inband ripple control. Result: Superior selec-
tivity with essentially no midband insertion loss.
A quality production component with immediate
delivery. Engineering Bulletin NBS-103 is avail-
able detailing complete technical information.
Prices on request.
* Write for Mldland's capabilities and facilities bro·
cllure, "'Midland- In mlcrospect".
SPECIFICATIONS
Center Freq: 10.7 MC ± 375 CPS Bandwidth@ 6 db.: 13.0 KC Min. - 13.8 KC Max. 60 db/6 db BWR: 1.8 Max. 100 db/6 db BWR: 2.2 Max. Ultimate Attenuation: 105 db. Min., 8 MC to 14 MC
l\Iidband Insertion .Loss: 0.5 db. Nominal, 1 db. Max.
In band Hipple: 0.5 db. Nominal, 0.8 db. Max. Operating Temp. Range: -55° C to+90° C
Zin/Zout Req: 1100 OHMS ± 5% in parallel with ad·
justable capacitor 0-5 picofarads.
Dimensions: 2%" L x l"' W x ll;foi" H
~ MANUFACTURING COMPANY
u. Divl1io11 Pacific lndu1trle1, l11c.
31 SS Fibergla1 Road
Ka111a1 City Kc111sas
CIRCLE 200 ON READER SERVICE CAD
Are you a
CONIPLETEL., INFORMED
electron/cs engineer?
NEW SMALL A.C. MOTORS
to to ao o·. In. to·que
Here's big torque from a small, light weight MIL spec unit; hysteresis synchronous motors produce 10 oz. in. maximum sync torque, up to 20 oz. in. from induction types. Globe LC motors weigh only 3 lbs. 5 oz., are 3X6' dia. x 3Y." long (shorter or longer, depending on performance desired). Where space and weight are critical these motors permit extremely small package designs for blowers, servo systems, actuators, etc. Available with a variety of windings for voltages up to 208 v.a.c., 2, 4, or 6 poles, 1 or 2 phase, 60 or 400 cycles, special or variable frequency. Motors can be furnished with integral brakes and special gear reducers. Write for Bulletin LC from Globe In· dustrles, Inc., 1784 Stanley Ave., Dayton 4, Ohio.
GLOBE INDUSTRI ES , INC.
18 CIRCU 11 ON llADll SIRVICE CAD
Today you may be working in microwaves. But on what project will you be working tomorrow? You could have read electronics this past year and kept abreast of, say, microwave technology. There were 96 individital microwave a1-ticles between July, 1961 and June, 1962! But suppose tomorrow you work in some area of standard electronic components, in semiconductors, in systems? Would you be up-to-date in these technologies? Did you read the more than 3,000 editorial pages that electronics' 28-man editorial staff prepared last year? electronics is edited to keep you current wherever you work in the industry, whatever your job function (s). If you do not have your own copy of electronics, subscribe today via the Reader Service Card in this issue. Only 71h cents a copy at the 3 year rate.
electronics
electronics
NEED FAST ACTION ON LOW-VALUE OVERLOADS?
With the Heinemann Type CRelay , you can specify the precise time-delay-vs-overcurrent response you want
Where protection requirements are especially critical, you'd do well to consider the Heinemann Type C Overload Relay. Within broad overall limits (defined by the grey area on the above graph), it can give you the exact response characteristics you need.
In fact, there is probably no other protective
device that can match its capabilities. The relay can,
for example, provide time-delayed tripping at a
low 115 % load, with high-speed tripping at only /
300 % load. This, in comparison with thermal-type
protectors, verges on the astonishing.
·
Equally important, the relay can be had in the precise continuous-duty current rating you require. If you need a rating of 0.7 or 11.5 amps, you can get it. No compromise necessary.
And no derating, either. The Type C Relay is magnetically actuated (time delay is hydraulically controlled). Its rating and trip points are completely unaffected by ambient temperature.
The Type C is available in three models: automatic reset, auto reset with trip indication, and manual reset. Bulletin 5103 describes them all and gives detailed tech data. Write for a copy.
· !t ~C·T~I~~~~~ 2600 . Brunswick Pike, Trenton 2, N. J.
September 14, 1962
SA 2!195
CIRCLE 19 ON READER SERVICE CARD 19
IQSY PARTICIPANTS
Thirty-six countries will partici71ate in IQSY. Th ey are: Argentina, Belgium, Canada, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, German Federal Republic, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malagasy Republic, Netherlands, Poland, Republic of South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, USA, USSR, Australia, Bolivia, Chile, Iran, Yugoslavia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Rumania and Vietnam
, - - - - - - - - - - -- ---------___J REF AND SWITCHING WAVEFORM GEN
AUDIO SUPPRESSION
R-F DIODE.....__ _.., SWITCH
1---- AUDI0
FREQ
1------+I
PHASESENSITIVE
AMPL
OET
.....__ ___..NOISE DIODE 1+--- - - i CONTROL
O-C
AMPL
I+---~
MINIMUM AMPL OET
RIOMETER is used to measure degree of ionosphere absorption of radio waves. Most tests will be in the polar regions, where radio waves refiected from the ionosphere are often completely blacked out
Scientists Prepare to Study Quiet Sun
Communications industry hopes to benefit from solar activity studies
SOLAR STORMS and their effect on communications will be more clearly understood-scientists hope -as a result of the International Year of the Quiet Sun (IQSY) program.
Thirty-six nations will participate in the program during 196465, a period when solar activity is at a minimum for the first time since concentrated studies of the sun began. Solar activity runs in an eleven year cycle. Studies of a period of high activity were conducted during the International Geophysical Year (IGY).
New experiments are being devised for IQSY to obtain further information about the electromagnetic waves and corpuscular radiation emanating from solar activity. In addition, several experiments begun during the IGY will be continued, after modification to take advantage of the fact that solar outbursts, being at a minimum, will be relatively isolated.
PROJECTS-Solar patrols begun during IGY will be continued, as will studies of geomagnetism, aurora and airglow, the ionosphere and cosmic rays. Newly developed experiments will include a series of optical, radio, radar and magnetic observations.
Sun-earth relationship studies to
be developed for IQSY will include investigation of particle events, flare effects in the ionosphere, the solar daily geomagnetic-field variation in the Pacific, geomagnetically trapped radiation and micropulsations.
Aeronomy studies will include investigations of the density structure of the atmosphere, electron density and structure of the ionosphere, ionospheric motions, airglow relationship and red arcs, and ozone. Cosmic ray studies will include investigations of the primary cosmic ray spectrum, latitude effects and variations in cosmic ray flux.
In addition to the on-ground projects mentioned, NASA will launch several satellites designed to supplement information received from ground experiments (ELECTRONICS,
COSMIC RAY station in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, is maintained by the Bartol Research Foundation
p 87, November 17, 1961). These satellites will be similar to the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (p 22, February 23) and Ariel (p 32, April 20), both launched this year. An advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory, now under development, is scheduled for launch in 1965.
RIOMETERS - Relative ionospheric opacity meters (riometers), used to measure the degree of absorption of radio waves by the ionosphere, have improved considerably in design since they were first built for use during IGY.
Extensive use in polar regions during IQSY is expected to further clarify the phenomena of polar cap absorption. Absorption is so strong in the polar regions that radio waves reflected from the ionosphere
20
electronics
RADIOACTIVE radium element is placed in cosmic ray neutron monitor pile at Bartol Research Foundation's Antarctica base
are often completely blacked out. Riometers are usually used to
measure cosmic radio noise in a frequency range of 20 Mc to 50 Mc, above the critical frequencies of the ionosphere. By comparing the intensity of the cosmic noise at any time with the expected intensity under normal ionospheric conditions, the ionospheric absorption of the signal can be measured.
The input signal from an antenna (see diagram) is continuously compared with a signal from a noise diode source. When the signals differ, the error signal derived from the receiver output is amplified and applied to a phase sensitive detector. The d-c output of the detector is positive or negative, depending on which of the two input signals is stronger. The magnitude of this output is a function of the difference in amplitude of the antenna and noise diode signals.
This phase sensitive detector output is then applied to a control amplifier, which is used to regulate the filament voltage of the noise diode such that its output signal is equal to the antenna signal. By recording the current flowing in the noise diode, a direct proportion to the noise power of the antenna signal is obtained.
The Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska presently has one of the longest runs of continuous riometer data, riometers there having been in operation since 1957. During IQSY, the Geophysical Institute will operate six riometers throughout Alaska, plus a seventh unit at Thule, Greenland.
TYPICAL PROGRAM-Belgium's proposed program for IQSY is typi-
cal of the proposed programs announced by several of the participating countries. Geomagnetic studies will involve recording the geomagnetic field and earth currents. Recordings of the spectra of the night sky will be used to make studies of aurora and airglow.
The Geophysics Center at Dourbes, Belgium, will make measurements aimed at helping to understand the ionosphere. Cosmic radiation observations will also be made at the center.
Solar activity studies include the use of radio astronomy and optical observations. Meteorology studies will be undertaken at the aerology station in Uccle.
Analyzer Checks Computer
Circuits in 45 Seconds
FAULT-ISOLATION device, a computer chassis analyzer, has been developed by the Martin Co. The analyzer is able to isolate computer logic malfunctions down to the gate and wire level, checking an entire computer chassis in from 15 seconds to 45 seconds.
Punched tape commands control the logic of the analyzer, which is capable of checking all wiring and components comprising the logic paths of a chassis, as well as considering multiple errors. Tests on logic paths are conducted in a specific order.
Test results showed that 218 gates and 600 wires could be checked in a time-frame ranging from 0.9 sec to 7.0 sec. Martin said it has no immediate plans to market the analyzer.
of some of our customerseach an important contrib· utor to a dramatically growing industry. We at , Potter pledge our diligence and 1kill1 to this growlh through a constantly expanding program of
P C>TTE R
Model LP-1200
High Speed
Printer adds
new versatility
to modern computer systems. This highperformance, extremely reliable printer provides speeds of 1000 lines per minute with a maximum of 160 columns. An optional Format Control feature permits multi-page forms or books to be printed with completely flexible horizontal or vertical formot and up to five carbons. The Potter LP-1200 reflects the engineering-knowledge gained from extensive experience and research in high. speed printing. Solid-state modular electronics enhance reliability and sturdy, simple mechanical design readily adopts to meet customer requirements. Three models are available: LP-1200160 (160 columns), LP-1200-132 (132 columns) and LP-1200-80 (80 columns). Write for specifications.
Manufacturers of:
· Digital Magnetic Tape Systems · Perforated Tape Readers · High Speed Printers · Data Storage Systems POTTER INSTRUMENT CO., INC.
Sunnyside Boulevard · Plainview, New York
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 21 ON READER SERVICE CARD 21
It's more than likely you'll find the magnetic performance you need when you order motor or transformer core laminations from our stock of standard shapes. Though they're available right off the shelf, they're designed within exceptionally narrow limits to meet specific performance designations. Standard shapes can be supplied in most grades and gages of silicon, soft magnetic iron or nickel alloy material. Special shapes
can be made to your specifications on short notice. You can be sure of highest quality in Magnetic
Metals laminations-quality achieved through customselection of material, rigidly controlled methods of manufacture, ultra-precise tooling and stamping, special skills in annealing. Write or call today for a discussion of your lamination requirements. MAGNETIC METALS COMPANY, Hayes Avenue at 21st Street, Camden 1, N .J.
OFF-THE-SHELF LAMINATIONS
... with specific performance designations
M AGN E T IC
---® M transformer laminations · motor laminations · tape-wound cores · powdered molybdenum permalloy cores · electromagnetic shields
E TALS
22 CIRCLE 22 ON READER SERVICE CARD
eleetronics
Missile Test
Production Testing
Medical Research
Quality Control
Environmental Test
Use a HUGHES MEMO-CORDER* Storage Instrument :
Most oscilloscope users find applications where the ability to store traces of fleeting, non-recurring transients wou ld save much time, effort and expense . Until now, oscillographic storage capability required investment in larger, more expensive storage instruments for which only limited use might be found .
The new HUGHES MEMO-CORDER multifunction storage unit changes all th is. A preci sion instrument for laboratory or production use, it is compact and highly portable. You can use it anywhere. The MEMOCORDER indicator is readily connected and adaptable to most conventional oscilloscopes. Gives you oscillographic storage
Sept e mber 14, 1962
when and where you want it. And best of all is its moderate price.
Added capability! Matched amplifiers makethe Hughes MEMO-CORDER indicator an ideal instrument for X-Y plotting. Excellent as a read-out or display device for systems applications.
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Sensitivity: 0.25 v/div. Bandpass: DC to 1.25 MC+ Rise Time: less than 0.27 µs Writing Speed: 101 in/sec. Erase Time: less than 150 ms
Ask Hu ghes for f ull informati on on how you ca n add storage capability to your prese nt osc illosco pes with t he MEMO-CORDER storage unit. Write, wi re or t elephonetodayl HUGHES INSTRUMENTS , V ACUUM TUBE PRODUCTS DIVISION, 2020 Sh ort Street, Oceanside, California.
For export information, write: Hu g hes Internati onal, Culver City, California.
*TRADE·MARK, HU GHES AI RC RAFT CO MPAN Y
,----------------, Creati ng a new world with Electronlcs
I
I
I HUGHES I
I
I
L- ----- - - --- ---- -~
HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY
VACUUM TUBE PRODUCTS DIVISIOH
CIRCLE 23 ON READER SERVICE CARD 23
Before you order . . . check NVLO-FAST®FASTENERS!
Lightweight! Yet so strong you can drive them with a hammer!
Have you investigated what NYLO-FAST® Fasteners can do for you? They're colorful, strong -
yet 1/6 the weight, chemical resistant, heat resistant, elastic, resilient, and non-conducting! You'll be surprised to discover how many ways NYLO-FAST®
Fasteners can serve you-BETTER! Write for complete information.
Immediate delivery from our large stocks which include Nylon,
Delrin, Teflon, P.V.C., Lexan, etc. 10 different formulations! Write, wire, or telephone today for the
facts!
LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF STAINLESS STEEL AND NYLON FASTENERS!
CASTLETO N - ON -HUDSON 10, NE W Y OR K
CIRCLE 220 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Is it ancient history by the time you see electronics?
Get t he facts while they' re new. Don 't wait for electronlce on a route slip. Look in t his issue for t he . Reader Service Card. Fill out and mail the " for subscriptions" section . Only 71/2 cents a week.
electronlCS A McG raw-Hill Publicat ion , 330 West 42nd St., N. Y. 36
24
electronics
MEET US AT THE SHOW!
Our Industrial Representatives will be at the FLORIDA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION BOOTH at the NAT I0 NA L EL EC· TRONICS CONFERENCE ta answer your questions about FLORIDA .
Men of vision thrive here. And it takes men of vision to cope with today's electronics and space problems. Space in more ways than just up. Space problems of a different nature plague the manufacturer who must expand, but hasn't the land to expand on.
Here in Florida we have the space, the climate, the work force. Florida has more to offer electronics firms than any other area on earth. Men think better where life is pleasant, where off hours can be devoted to just plain living-and to just plain thinking.
Yes, Florida is a Solid State in Electronics. Already the sun, Mother of Life, shines on over sixty thriving electronics firms in our busy state.
Cape Canaveral is here, too, with its massive, awesome· missiles blasting off to make space history. Electronics makes possible every thrust into the universe. Every hope of getting to the moon depends upon electronics- and the first American to the moon will definitely soar to history from Florida .
Engineers and their families dream of living here in Florida. Give them this dream by moving your plant here. Nurture the brains that will give your business a greater and greater stature in this, the Electronics Age.
For complete details of the many advantages Florida offers the Electronics Industry, write us. Let us tell you why some of the greatest names in electronics have impressive plants here in Florida.
FLORIDA'S ASSURANCE POLICY
Investigate
"You have my personal assurance of a sunny business climate here in Florida. You have positive assurance of every aid and assistance possible from our Florida Development Commission and from the overwhelming majority of our businessmen, industrialists, and financiers. We have everything to make your large or small enterprise healthy and successful. Write, wire, or phone us TODAY. The only thing better than a FLORI DA vacation is having your plant here."
Fiorl_da
FARRIS BRYANT Governor
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Ask about free
film "Profile
Mr. Wendell Jarrard, Chairman
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of Progress"
FLORIDA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
FLORIDA FOR CONVENTIONS-
Box 4247-B· Tallahassee, Florida Please send me brochure, " Why Your New Plant Firm Name...············································-·········
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September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 25 ON READER SERVICE CARD 25
Industry Help Sought in Airspace Utilization
Computers and displays will help attain goal of faster delivery
ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.-Philosophy and design of the nation's airspace utilization system up to 1975 will not deviate from the present philosophy nor will the design call for revolutionary changes.
A 733-page report, prepared by the Federal Aviation Agency's System Design Team and released on a limited basis late last month, emphasizes that the plan is evolutionary, not revolutionary.
Reasons for this approach are numerous: the present system, although not adequate for the future, is basically a good one. About $1 billion is already invested in it. The present system could not be junked overnight even if some cure-all concept were available--the FAA doesn't have the money, flight operations could not be interrupted, nor could users afford to outfit their
planes with the new gear. The System Design Team's plan
does predict air-traffic conditions through 1975, the control that must be exercised from now until 1975, the kind of subsystems that can and can't be used, and the performance required of these subsystems.
How the technical problems will be solved and what form some of the subsystems will take is left up to the engineering community, both in FAA and industry.
Here is the objective of the program: to deliver better information, more quickly, to the indjvidual requiring it. The big push, therefore, will be toward improved data acquisition, automation wherever possible, better data processing and electronic displays.
DATA PROCESSING-Computers to process information and electronic display consoles to present it both must be bought outright. These two items represent probably the biggest innovation in the new system. Those control centers now
equipped with computers use them as aids to their manual method of operation, and electronic displays are virtually nonexistent. The new system calls for automated control centers.
Whether one computer will handle a center, its several terminal areas, and a number of towers, has not been decided. Probably, each center will represent a different problem and each solution will be an individual one.
RADAR-While acquisition of position data by radar will be improved by upgrading present equipment rather than installing new gear, there has been one major decision: the problem of determining aircraft elevation for the controller on his radar scope without voice communication with the planes has been resolved in favor of automatic transmission of altitude information by airborne radar beacon transponders.
FAA would like to have a transponder or secondary radar system
TEOQUDIPIMSEPNLTAY{
PLAN VIEW{ DISPLAYS
{4 TABULAR
DISPLAYS
fLIGHT PLAN$
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL subsystem includes data processing and multiple radar coverage DATA PROCESSING configuration allows display of both raw and processed radar data 26
r---
1
I
11I
~,..,,_,~~~~~
1 ADJACENT ARTcc's TERMINAL AREAS·
1 ATC TOWERS- OPERATIONS OFFICES-
! LOCAL DATA ENTRY POSITIONS f FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS-WEATHER L - - - - - - - __ J STATIONS-MILITARY AIR BASES·AIR
DEFENSE SECTORS.
electronics
System Design
By JOHN F. MASON, Associate Editor
that would save money by eliminating primary radars that skin-track aircraft not carrying beacon transponders. There are still, however, unresolved technical, economic and political problems in such a move.
The big height-finding radar at the National Aviation Facilities Experimental Center (NAFEC), Atlantic City, N.J. will, nevertheless, continue to undergo tests. Conceivably, busy terminals will one day be equipped with height-finding radar. Until 1975, however, FAA will rely on beacons as well as primary radar.
One change in viewpoint is the new acceptance by FAA of composite displays from a number of radars and from computer-derived data. Alphanumeric information will be displayed, as well as extrapolated position of aircraft during poor radar reception.
Air-defense radars and FAA radars will be remoted to centers by microwave links and narrow-banding techniques. The latter will be introduced slowly and may become the major remoting method of the future. This technique will enable a single controller to monitor a greater geographical area and will fit in with the plan to cut down on the number of centers in the national system.
NAVIGATION - Ground-based navigation will continue to be VORT AC (vhf omnirange and Tacan). Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) will be required for IFR (instrument flight rules) operations in terminal areas. Pictorial displays to be used by the pilot will not be required before 1975, but continued development of this gear is encouraged. NAFEC's Experimental division findings indicate that such gear would be helpful to the air traffic control (ATC) system. The division's findings on the possible value of airborne doppler navigation sets in ATC is not yet complete.
LANDING AIDS - At airports meeting specified traffic criteria ILS (instrument landing system) or
GCA (ground-controlled approach) will be used for final approach and landing. Other landing aids under evaluation at NAFEC include: a modified version of Bell Aircraft's GSN-5, designated GSN-5A, to be ready in December for testing; the British Bleu, a system that may use either the ILS localizer or magnetic leader cables for alignment with the runway, and North American Aviation's Autonetics Division APN-114, which provides a vertical measuring unit to be used with the ILS localizer. In the Experimentation division, two breadboard systems are being examined: Gilfillan's Regal, which has achieved range elevation angles with a 0.05deg accuracy; and Airborne Instruments Laboratory's Flarescan, a system based on angular measurement rather than distance.
Final recommendation from NAFEC may be a composite system using the best techniques being examined. Already of aid to the project is an improved ILS directional localizer that uses a 117-ft wave guide. NAFEC is now experimenting on a new one 300 ft long.
COMMUNICATIONS-The system will depend on direct pilot-controller ground-air-ground communications for control. The equipment to be used is two-way vhf/uhf voice ra-
dio with 50-Kc vhf channel selectivity.
Actual advances in communication techniques will not be pushed until the amount of communications that will be needed is determined. Automatic data link from pilot to controller providing periodic flight data plus the use of computers in control centers may obviate the need for increased voice communication. A number of companies are working on automatic data links.
WEATHER - NAFEC has produced a system design for a weather system that is now being studied by the Weather Bureau and the Department of Defense. The goal is to deliver useful weather information to the pilot and controller in time for them to use it. New sensing devices, communications, data processing and display equipment are being proposed. FAA is now handling the U. S. portion of the Air Force 433-L global weather information system. USAF is in charge of the areas outside the U.S.
COLLISION-AVOIDANCE- Both collision avoidance systems (GAS) and pilot warning instruments (PWI) are still hopes for the future. Techniques proposed to date did not interest the design team sufficiently to include them in their pre-1975 plans.
Radiation Won't Alter NASA's Plans
NASA DOES NOT now plan to reschedule any of its satellite launchings because of the increased radiation in space from the U.S. J uly 9 nuclear test. A spokesman told ELECTRONICS that NASA had considered delaying some launches but decided to go ahead as planned; one advantage would be acquisition of more data on the exact nature of the i·adiation belt.
Also, a DOD spokesman said, no military satellites have been delayed by the new radiation.
According to an AEC-DOD announcement, the inner Van Allen
belt has been extended to lower altitudes, and within the natural belt there is a "substantial and greater than anticipated increase" in radiation intensity that may persist for years. Electron densities at the lower altitudes were said to be disappearing as predicted, however.
The new radiation is reported to have damaged solar cells in Navy's Transit IVE and Traac satellites and the U. S.-British Ariel satellite, and halted transmission. The altitudes of these satellites, however, are above those planned for manned flights in the near future.
Se pte mber 14, 1962
27
Military Maintainability Specs
Aim at Simplifying Repair Jobs
Military's outlook on maintenance problems featured at conjerence
DENVER-Maintainability specifications in military contracts and the military's concern about electronic equipment maintainability were highlighted at the recent Fourth Conference on Maintainability of Electronic Equipment sponsored by EIA and the Department of Defense. It was held at the University of Colorado.
Conducted in a new symposium format, the conference featured 15 workshops for each of five maintainability areas. The workshops were devoted to discussion of data and material, evaluation of techniques and endorsement of methodology for assuring optimum maintainability of the design product.
The five areas were personnel and training, testing techniques, design configuration, trade-offs and design reviews.
The only session that did not use the workshop format was conducted by a DOD spokesman who gave the 250 convention delegates the latest information on proposed specifications of maintainability for military equipment.
MILITARY-The Air Force is now using management maintainability specifications for systems and equipment procurement, reported Major W. P. Crumpacker, Air Force Systems Command headquarters.
"It is our policy to apply this specification (management maintainability), as well as quantitative maintainability requirements, in all system and equipment contracts," he said.
MAINTAINABILITY SPECIFICATIONS
AIR FORCE-has adopted MIL-M-26512B (USAF), 23March1962, super-
seding MIL-M-2651 2A (USAF), 5 D ecem ber 1960, a speci-
fication detailing maintainability requirements for aero-
space systems and equipment.
-has adopted AFR 66-29, 17 January 1962, a regulation
stating Air Force policy, responsibility and basic procedures
for the USAF maintainability program for systems, sul>-
systems and equipment.
-has adopted AFSCR 80-9, 26 December 1961, a regulation
applying to all elements of AF Systems Command respon-
sible for conduct of current and future AF research, de-
velopment and production programs.
ARMY
-has drafted a specification, adapted from MIL-M-26512B
(USAF), revised 1 June 1962, a proposed specification
dealing with maintainability requirements for Army Ord-
nance Missile Command confracts. It contains as an annex
an extract from MIL-M-11991A (ORD), 30 April 1959, a
general specification for electrical-electronic equipment ,
surface and guided missile wea7Jon systems.
-has adopted SCL-4301B, 29 March 1962, superseding SCL-
4301A, 19 January 1962, a Signal Corps technical require-
ment detailing maintainability design requirements for
signal equipment.
NAVY
-has adopted MlL-M-23313 (SHIPS), 12 June 1962, a speci-
fication detailing maintainability requirements for ship-
board and shore electronic equipment and systems
G. Sibthorp, Army Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, reported that separate specifications have been or are being prepared for the two major categories of Army electronic equipment: communications/electronics and missile systems.
The communications/electronics specifications are composed of three parts: generalized maintenance requirements, a compendium of design features whose absence from an equipment would be detrimental to the ease of maintenance, and specific requirements, constraints, and guidance pertinent to the particular equipment under development.
Missile system specifications are based on several concepts. Complexity of maintenance should be minimized through design. Malfunction recognition and faulty component identification should be rapid and positive. Repair and service of equipment should be simple. It is expected that in future missile system contracts an adaptation of maintainability specifications developed by the Air Force will be used by the Army.
AUTOMATION-A tendency toward the adoption of the philosophy that automatic test equipment should extend man's capabilities rather than replace man was cited by J. Cooper, of Thiokol Chemical, at one of the trade-offs section workshops. He proposed a maintainability concept using this philosophy.
Cooper suggested the possibility of a machine that gives a series of logical alternatives to the cause of a malfunction, obtaining these a lternatives from the specific symptoms given to the machine. The maintainance technician would then be provided with a limited set of actions to take to track down the malfunction. In this way, automation would extend man's capabilities, leaving the final decision up to him, instead of replacing him.
28
electronics
Contracts Let for Gemini Command and Display Gear
DIGITAL COMMAND system, for the two-man Gemini orbital space program, will be developed by Motorola's Military Electronics Division. Decoders, r-f command receivers and a buffer storage unit will be installed in the spacecraft to receive command signals from the ground and convert them for control of the various spacecraft systems. Motorola components and equipment used in the Mariner program will be redesigned to fit Gemini needs.
A flight director-attitude indicator, to be developed by Lear Siegler, Inc., will be the central control display for Gemini. The single pictorial display, indicating the spacecraft's attitude in roll, pitch and yaw in relation to the horizon, will depict corrections in attitude that must be made during launch and insertion, in orbit and at time of reentry.
Lear is also developing controldisplay systems to be used in other manned air and space vehicles, under a $500,000 USAF contract. Five systems, three of which are intended for flight evaluation in the X-15, will be developed. The systems are a combined temperature, velocity and angle-of-attack display, a computer programmer, a flight director mode selector, a three-axis rate sensor, and a wing temperature and yaw angle display.
War Games Score Keeper
TILT, a device that shoots infrared beams instead of bazooka shells, keeps score in war games. It was developed by Raytheon
September 14, 1962
ML-8087
Precision
Scan Conversion
Tube
Fast Erase
High Resolution
1 High resolution: a minimum of
180 range rings/diameter at 50% amplitude modulation; equivalent to 900 TV lines.
2 Fast erase: less than 2 seconds
erase cycle to reduce stored information to noise level.
3 Wide storage range: to meet FAA
121 3b specification and beyond.
4 High signal/noise ratio, typically 80: 1 (peak signal to rms noise).
5 Rapid set-up time: only a few minutes installation time is required to adjust tube for optimum operation. No need for critical dynamic focussing of electron beams.
6 No variation of output signal with size of written area.
7 · Only sim.ple video circuits are needed for readout.
Send For Data
The Machlett Laboratories, Inc.
A division of Raytheon Company
Springdale, Connecticut
CIRCLE 29 ON READER SERVICE CARD 29
SPRAGUE PIEZO·
ELECTRIC CERAMIC ELEMENTS
MICROMODULES will be used in a family of combat radios. At left is the conventional AN! PRC-25 case now equipped with micromodule circuits. At right is the AN/ PRC-51 micromodule radio transmitting, with micromodule receiver clipped to the soldier's helmet
Micromodules Show Durability Plus Radiation Resistance
ELEMENTS FOR All APPLICATIONS AS WELL AS COMPLETE TRANSDUCER ASSEMBLIES FOR MOST APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS UNDERWATER SOUND AND VARIOUS ORDNANCE AND MISSILE DEVICES.
Sprague-developed mass production
and quality-control techniques assure
lowest possible cost consistent with
utmost quality and reliability. Here
too, complete fabrication facilities
permit prompt production in a full,
wide range of sizes and shapes.
Look to Sprague for today's most
advanced ceramic elements - where
continuing intensive research prom·
ises new material with many proper·
ties extended beyond present limits.
~ "
YOUI INQUlllES
Altf INVITED
WRITE FOR
LITERATURE
Micromodules reaching
test, it survived without failure.
prod'uction stage have
CIRCUITS - Microwafers, origi-
high reliability
·nally intended for single compo-
nents such as resistors, capacitors,
RELIABILITY of micromodules inductors, crystals, transistors and
going into production (ELECTRON- diodes, are in some cases now made
ICS, p 7 Sept. 7, and p 37, this with multiple components and are
week) has been proved in a full compatible with other microelec-
range of environmental tests, RCA tronic techniques being developed.
engineers told ELECTRONICS last For example, one micromodule
week. In addition, they were found has been constructed with three
to have a radiation resistance wafers, each wafer mounted with a
equivalent to three years exposure Texas Instruments Solid Circuit
in the Van Allen belt.
package. Designed for logic cir-
cuits, the module wafers hold two
TEST RESULTS-Over 6,000 com- gates, two emitter followers and
ponent wafers or elements, built up one flip-flop.
into 800 micromodule circuits ex- RCA is also working on other
hibited a mean time to failure of techniques using solid ceramic cir-
6! million hours (for the elements). cuits. This work, in cooperation
All elements were under high stress with the Signal Corps, is aimed at
at 60-percent confidence level.
constructing an advanced computer
Solder connections in the modules for the field army.
were tested to a total of over 250 Micromodules, it is claimed, can
million electrical-connection hours be used for almost all low-power,
with no circuit failure. These tests transistor-type circuits now being
were run at temperatures close to used in military equipments. Over
the junction temperatures of the 500 different kinds of germanium
transistors-75 degrees C with and silicon transistor-type circuits
germanium transistors and 125 de- have been designed, of which more
grees C with silicon transistors. than 120 have been fabricated for
Although all connections, to date, communications and control func-
have been solder type, RCA engi- tions. More than 85 digital circuits
neers said they are also working for computer applications have been
on welded connections.
demonstrated thus far.
Radiation tests were made in the Signal Corps' Micropac computer
Princeton atomic reactor in a neu- will employ over 10,000 micromod-
tron field equivalent to 5 X 10" neu- ules. It occupies 2.7 cubic feet,
trons/cm·.
weighs 90 pounds, and requires 250
One micromodule was shot out watts d-c power. The unit is to be
of a howitzer, subjecting it to 20,- delivered to the Army for testing
000 g's. In a first test, the module in November. Micromodules are
suffered an external failure due to also being applied to a family of
an improper mounting of its pins in combat portable radio receivers,
the module base, but in a repeat transmitters and other equipment.
30 CIRCLE 30 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
--- __..a....-
I I 200 VOLTS
1600 I VOLTS
E-200 HIGH TEMPERATURE CAPACITORS Operable to +200°C.
The Bendix® E-200 series of lightweight, small size capacitors is designed for installations requiring a high degree of component reliability at operating temperatures as high as 200 ° C.
High temperature capability and mica-like electrical characteristics enable the E-200 series to withstand extremely high orders of AC in small envelope size at all ambients under 200 ° C.
The new series is designed and manufactured
to a Bendix specification which is patterned after the high reliability specification MIL-C14157B, proposed.
Hermetically sealed in tubular or rectangular housings, these capacitors offer superior resistance to mechanical and climatic environments.
E-200 CHARACTERISTICS: · Wound mica papers ·
Solid impregnants · Exceptional stability · High insulation
resistance · Radiation resistance · Outstanding dependability
For full details, write Scintilla Division, Sidney, New York
Scintilla Division i~ncfj/ CORPORATION
Canadian Affiliate, Aviation Electric, Ltd., 200 Laurentien Blvd., Montreal 9, Quebec. Export Sales & Service1 Bendix International, 205 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N. Y.
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 31 ON READER SERVICE CARD 31
HOW WE
MEETINGS AHEAD
~HH~~K
TEFLON*
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING;
Statler-Hilton Hotel, B oston, Mass., Sept. 16-20.
RECTIFIERS I N INDUSTRY MEETING,
AIEE; Desher-Hilton Hotel, Columbus, Ohio, Sept. 18-19.
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS ANNUAL SYM-
POSIUM, IRE-PGIE, ISA; Sheraton-Chicago Hotel, Chicago, Ill., Sept. 19-20.
Why Gudebrod's Common Sense Approach to Lacing Problems Pays Dividends for Customers!
Some years ago motor manufacturers had a problem! They required a high temperature lacing tape that would not deteriorate during the bak ing process of motor manufacture and would be practical in its application.
Teflon offered the most practical solution to the problem since it provides a temperatuie range from -100°F to 500°F. We took teflon and flat braided it-we originated the process-but what about shrinkage? When teflon is baked it shrinks ... it would cut thru fine motor wires!
To meet this problem, we developed an exclusive pre-shrunk process for teflon. This patented process pre-shrinks teflon so th at the maximum shrinkage is less than 3% after 16 hours at 425°F. We call this lacing tape PreShrunk .TEMP-LACE. Motor manufacturers use it in great quantitie s.
Pre-shrinking teflon is but one of the many processes we have developed to meet the needs of customers. Whatever your lacing needs-nylon, glass, dacront, fungus proofing, color coding-Gudebrod's common sense a pproach to the problem will pay dividends for you because
1. Gudebrod lacing tape increases production! 2. Gudebrod lacing tape reduces labor costs! 3. Gudebrod lacing tape means minimal maintenance after installation! 4. Gudebrod is quality -our standards for lacing tape are more exacting than
those required for compliance with MIL-T !
TUBE TECHNIQUES NATIONAL CONFER-
ENCE, Advisory Group on Electron Devices in the Office of the Director of Defense Resear ch and Engineering; Western Union Auditorium, N.Y.C., Sept. 19-21.
BROADCAST ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, IRE-
PGB; Willard Hotel, Washington, D. C., Sept. 20-29.
VALUE ENGINEERING & ANA'LYSIS CON-
FERENCE, EIA; Statler-Hilton Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 1-2.
COMMUNICATIONS NATIONAL SYM-
POSIUM, IRE-PGCS ; Hotel Utica and Municipal Auditorium, Utica, N. Y., Oct. 1-3.
SP ACE ELECTRONICS & TELEMETRY NA-
TIONAL SYMPOSIUM, IRE ; F ointaineblea u Hotel, Miami Beach, Fla., Oct. 2-4.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS FALL GENERAL
MEETI NG, AIEE; Pick-Congress Hotel, Chicago, Oct. 7-12.
NATIONAL ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE,
IRE, AIEE, et al; Exposition Hall, Chicago, Ill., Oct. 8-10.
AEROSPACE
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS DISPLAY,
Aerospace Electrical Society; Pan
Pacific Auditorium, Los Angeles, Oct. 10-12.
REREARCH AND ENGINEERING NORTH·
EAST MEETI NG, IRE; Somerset Hotd and Commonwealth Armory, Boston, Mass., Nov. 5-7.
IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers; Coliseum and Waldorf-
Astoria H otel, New York, N. Y., March 25-28.
Write today for our Technical Products Data Book which explains the many advantages of Gudebrod lacing tape for both civilian and military use. Address your request and your lacing tape problems to Mr. F . W. Krupp, Vice President, Electronics Division.
·ou Pont registered trademark for its TFE -fluorocarbon fiber.
tDu Pont trade name for its polyester fiber.
UDEBROD BROS. SILK C0.1 INC~
~~~
225 WEST 34th S T R E ET, NE W Y O R K 1, NE W Y O R K
32 CIRCLE 32 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ADVANGE REPORT
NONLINEAR MAGNETICS INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE, IRE, A lEE; Shore ham Hotel, TVashington, D. G., April 11-19, 1963. Nov. 5 is the deadline for submitting ZOO -word abstrcict to: J. J. S1lo: ?i. Technica l Program Ghainnan, Bell Telephone Laboratories, I nc.· Whip71any . N. J. Conf erence theme will emphasi~e theory and application of advancecl nonlinear magnetic devices in co·mpnt a f'ion and cont1·0Z. Papers will be given on 1·ecent developments in : computer logic and memories (Chin magnetic films. etc.); power devices (magnetic ampUfi.e1'8, etc. ) ; nonlinea'r niagnetics and seniicondttcto1· conibincttions (silicon controlled r ectifiers, etc.) ; recoi·ding and instrumentation.
CIRCLE 33 ON READER SERVICE CARD-+
Actual Talysurf tape of AISiBase ceramic with glaze number 743 at 50,000 amplifications. On the vertical scale, each small division is 2 micro-inches . N<Jte that the hill shown on this graph is ten millionths high.
Talysu rf electronically records the surface finish , amplified 50,000 times.
Inspection at magnifications up to 50 times, with tracer for contoured surfaces.
In substrates, the surface is sometimes of primary importance. The surface of AISiBase and AISiMa9 ceramics can be specially processed for smoothness and uniformity. Equipment is available to give you a close reproduction of the surface on
a chart amplified up to 50,000 times.
On even the smoothest of surfaces, this graph, at that amplification, looks like hills and valleys.
American Lava pioneered in the production of AISiMag precision ceram· ics . The development of AISiBase ex· tended these gains to ultra-thin ce· ramies . Metallizing techniques have also made a number of recent advances . Techniques and equipment for measuring have kept pace with these advances in production.
If you require technical ceramics to close tolerances, we believe you'll find American Lava has the experience and equipment to make them ·.. and measure them . If you will outline your requirements, our tech nical staff will be glad to study them and make suggestions.
Diameters as small as .015 prec1s1on ground and electronically verified at the machine,
Toolmaker's microscope magnifies up to 1,000 times in turret lens, micrometer calib rated in .0001 inch .
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ELECTRONICS DIVISION
CIRCLE 35 ON READER SERVICE CARD
WHY THINK BIG?
CENTRAlAB
''TWO-DIMENSIONAL''
MICRO-MINIATURE (SERIES 3)
TRIMMER
ACTUAL SIZE
Single trimmer measures only 0.250" square, 0.100" deep, rated at .05 watts at 70° C. Multiple trimmers can include up to 5 fixed resistors, depending upon value and voltage rating.
RESISTORS
SUB-MINIATURE (SERIES 4)
AS SMALL AS
ACTUAL SIZE
1/4" x 1/4"
Single trimmer measures only 0.406" x 0.438" x 0.125", rated at 0.1 watts at 70° C. Triple trimmers can include up to 8 fixed resistors, depending on value and voltage
WITH VIRTUALLY NO DEPTH ! rating.
All the adjustment you need-in a fraction of space, at a fraction the cost-for military or commercial applications.
These versatile ceramic base units are available
as single or multiple trimmers. Fixed resistors can
ACTUAL SIZE
be included on multiple units-either associated Single trimmer measures 5},(/ x 49(/ x 1%2' ". Rated at
with, or independent of the trimmer circuitry, 7i watt at 70° C. Available with leads, solder or wire-
throughtheflexibilityofthe <@>technique. They wrap terminals, in a wide range of mounting styles for
can be supplied in all standard resistance _valaes. modern production techniques. One to four variable
resistor elements and up to 12 fixed resistors on a single
plate. Knob permits adjustment by finger tip, internal
or external hex wrench, or screwdriver.
Centlalab.
For additional information on these units write for CENTRALAB Engineering Bulletin 42-1216.
Y-6147
THE ELECTRONICS DIVISION OF GLOBE-UNION INC.
914J EAST KEEFE AVENUE · MILWAUKEE 1, WISCONSIN
In Canada: Centralab Canada Ltd., P.O. Box 400, Ajax, Ontario
ELECTRONIC SWITCHES· VARIABLE RESISTORS · CERAMIC CAPACITORS · PACKAGED ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS · ENGINEERED CERAMICS
36 CIRCLE 36 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
electronics
September 14, 1962
Step-by-step procedure for designing wafer-mounted microelements and assembling them to riser wires, with design considerations, module assembly methods and system assembly methods
MICROMODULE ASSEMBLY layout sheet shows component locations, jumpers, riser-wire lengths and solder points-Fig. 1
How To Design Micromodules
By RE NATO DISTEFANO, J R.
Semiconductor and Materials Div Radio Corporation of America Somerville, N.J.
DESIGN METHODS for micromodule electronic or electromechanical systems can be applied to existing sy.stems that require a minimum of redesign, as well as to developmental systems that consist of only a performance specification and a list of environmental requirements.
In either case, the design of the system begins with the breadboard construction of the entire system,
or of that portion of the system to be redesigned in micromodule form. The completed breadboard is subjected to all specified operating and storage environmental test conditions, with the exoeption of such tests as shock, vibration or thermal dissipation, which yield no applicable information when conducted on a breadboard.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS The present range of microelement capability is shown in Table I. When possible, a micromodule is designed to include the microelements required for a complete func-
tional unit or stage, such as an amplifier stage, mixer, local oscillator, multivibrator, inverter or gate. This method of circuit division provides design simplicity and minimizes the number of connections between micromodules. In certain cases, such as cascaded intermediate-frequency stages, the requirement for isolation of signal leads strongly influences the manner in which the circuit is divided into micromodules.
The designer divides the circuits of the entire system or subsystems into sections, each of which represents a separate micromodule, and
Septem ber 14, 1962
37
KUDOS FOR MICROMODULES
Just two weeks ago, Major General E. F. Cooke, Chief Signal Officer, said that the Chief of Stafj for Logistics ha.s issued a directive to incorporate the rnicromodule concept in A rrny equiprnent w here approvriate (ELECTRONICS, p 7, Sept 7). Meanwhile, six items considered highly suitable for rnicromodule avplication ha-ve been
funded for R&D by the Army in 1963-64. These include an airborne h-.f ssb radio, a lightweight ha11d-hrld siu-veillance radar, a "fiash ranging set" to detect gun fiashes, an electronic telehipewriter, a tactical digital communica.tions system and the production v<'i·sion of Micro)Jac, small field computer to be delivered in November by RCA
TABLE 1 - PHESENT MICHOELEMENT-CAPABILITY
IlESISTOilS
Carbon
Cermet
Number of Resistors per Microelement . .. ..... . .. . 1 to ,,,
Value Range per Resistor (ohms) .......... . ..... . 10-150,000
Value Ilange per Microelcrnent (ohms).
2.5-600,000
Maximum Dissipation per Resistor (watts).
Ys
Maximum Dissipation per Microelemcnt (watts) ... 72
Maximum Micromodule Temperature for Rated
Dissipation (degrees C) .. .. .
70
Temperature Characteristic (ppm per degree C) .. ±l,300
1 to 4 10-150,000 2.5-600,000
Ys 72
70 ±200
CA.PACITOilS
Precision (T. C.)
G e n e r a lPurpose
Electrolytic (Tantalum)
Number of Capacitors per
Microelernent........... . 1
1
1
Value Ilange.. ........ .. . . 5 pf to 3,000 pf 100 pf to 0.15 mf 1 to 47 mf
Tolerance (percent) ... .
1 to 10
10 to 20
10 to 20
Temperature Range (degrees
C) ................... . -55 to +85 -55 to +85
-55 to +85
Temperature Characteristic. . ±30 ppm /°C +10 3 , -30 % ±15%
(nominal)
Maximum Dissipation ..... . 0.001
0 .015
0.06 at 120 cps
Maximum D-C Voltage .... . 50-100
50-100
35 (470 mf-
volt) max.
INDUCTORS
Maximum Inductance (millihenries)
1.5
Maximum Operating Frequency (megacycles) 50
DIODES Most miniature diodes that are not larger than 0.2 inch may be mounted on a microelement wafer. From one to four diodes may be mounted on a rnicroelement, depending upon dimensions and terminations. Diodes are now available in packages su itable for rnicroelcm ent mounting
TRANSISTORS Any transistor that can be mounted on a microclcment wafer so th~t its case does not short to the rnicromodule riser wires is suitable for use in micromodules
38
notes the occurrence of repetitive circuits that can utilize identical micromodules. Identical modules in repetitive circuits are especially desirable in systems to be produced in large volume, because they result in cost savings of materials and testing.
Micromodules can be constructed with external leads at both ends; however, interconnection considerations have made the single-ended micromodule definitely preferable for most systems. The single-ended micromodule normally has twelve external leads spaced on a 0.075inch grid pattern at one end.
Although micromodules can be made in heights up to one inch, most units are between 0.4 and 0.8 inch high. Micromodule lengths within this range can accommodate many types of stages without exceeding the twelve-lead limit on external connections. Some of the more complicated amplifiers, multivibrators, and other types of stages are subdivided into two or more micromodules; similarly, some simple repetitive stages, such as gates, may be combined with one or more similar stages into a single microm odule. In some cases, the maximum height of one or more micromodules in a system is limited by the volume specifications for the complete system.
A rough estimate of the height of a micromodule may be made by adding the space requirements for each of the microelements, or wafers, of which it is composed. The space requirement for each wafer is determined by adding 0.01 inch to the maximum allowable thickness of each wafer. The 0.01 inch includes the height required by soluble spacers which are inserted between the wafers during the assembly process. Additional allowances of up to 0.02 inches may be required where riser wires are "cut," as explained below.
Since the maximum allowable thickness of standard resistor microelements is 0.02 inch, an allowance of 0.03 inch is made for each resistor in the micromodule. Because each resistor wafer has a maximum dissipation allowance of one-half watt, each wafer can accommodate either four one-eighthwatt elements, or two one-quarter-
electronics
watt elements, one on each side of the wafer. When a resistor wafer has two resistors on one side, the ratio of the higher resistance value to the lower should be less than five, and the terminations of the two elements must be so arranged that the elements do not cross each other.
For microdiodes mounted in wafers, space allowance is 0.03 inch more than the maximum diode diameter, for each diode wafer used.
The space requirements for some of the other types of microelements are listed in Table II.
When the space requirements for all of the microelement wafers in the micromodule have been determined, they are added, and an additional 0.12 inch is added for encapsulation, end wafers, module pedestals, and building tolerance. The total is the maximum estimated height of the micromodule; the actual height may be as much as 25 percent less, depending on the actual microelement dimensions, number and location of riser-wire cuts, and similar considerations.
When the height of each micromodule has been estimated, the total height is compared with the system volume specifications to determine if the circuits to be included in each micromodule must be adjusted to fit the space available.
MODULE ASSEMBLY-Figure 1, a completed micromodule assembly layout, shows the method of numbering r iser wires. Figure 2B shows the system of numbering notches on the microelement wafers. The uncircled numbers are the notch numbers; the circled numbers refer to the corresponding riserwire numbers. On those wafers that are mounted in the normal, or A1 position, the notch numbers coincide with the riser wire numbers. The rectangular index notch in the corner of the wafer is used for orientation during assembly. On the assembly drawing, notch numbers are not shown, but all notches not mounted in the normal or Al position with respect to the micromodule riser wires are indicated by three short vertical lines adjacent to the drawing of the far side of the wafer. The mounting position of all wafers not mounted in the normal position is indicated by an
September 14, 1962
(A)
(B l
RESISTOR wafer, showing first side (A) and reverse side (B)
®K?l
0. 0. 0 .
~©
A-I
~© ® A-2
B-1
. . 000
~
000
cp · .
®.. ·[]·.. ®·[]· · e-2 ·
o
I o
12
B-2
®·CJ· ®·[]· 0...
·
A-3
·
0. ..
·
B-3
·
·
IZ ·
· 12:
·
B-3
I
I
®w ~
®
A-4
(A)
®·CJ·cp. .
·
A-4
·
o I
o
~ ..
@·u· . . . ·
B-4
·
0
12
B-4
SIDE A
(B)
SID£ a
POSSIBLE MOUNTING POSITIONS for a transistor microelement (A); for a microelement wafer (B)-Fig. 2
MICROMODULES mounted on a printed-wiring board-Fig. 3 39
TABLE II - MICROELEMENT DIMENSIONS
Element
Dimension Requirements*
Value Range
(Inches)
Capacitor (T.C.) ................ . to 250 pf
250 to 1,000 pf
1,000 to 2,200 pf
Capacitor, Gen. Purp............ . 0.003 to 0 . 022 µf
"
0.022 to 0 . 1 µf
Capacitor, Elecl rolytic .....
1 to 3 µf
4. 7 to 22 µf
Diode. Microclement ....
Transistor, T0-·16 Package Mounted
on Wafer ........... . ... . ..... .
Transistor, Other Su itable Package
Mounted on Wafer ......... ... . - -
0 . 03 0.04 0.065 0 .04 0 .09 0.065 0.105 0.08
0.115 Package height plus 0.035 inch
· Includes 0.01 inch allowance for spacers, etc.
arrow which points to the long side of the wafer index notch, as is the microlement Q, (item 6) shown in Fig. 1.
The various microelement wafers are connected by hard-drawn, solder-coated, tinned copper wires, which also form the external leads. These riser wires form the nodes of the module circuits. If thirteen nodes are required in one module, one of the riser wires is extended only far enough through the module to connect all the elements which meet at one of the nodes. An additional node is formed by placing a short section of a riser wire between those wafers, beyond the end of the shortened, or "cut" riser wire, which contain the elements to be connected to the thirteenth node. This procedure may be repeated with as many as seven additional riser wires to form additional nodes as required, but at least one riser wire on each of the four sides of the micromodule must extend along its entire length and form one of the external leads. Where the additional nodes formed by such segmented riser wires consist of connections between adjacent wafers having no more than 0.003 inch of build-up on each side of the substrate, the connection between the wafers is made by solder bridging during the dip-soldering process, and no riser-wire segment is required.
Transistor microelements and
mounting wafers for transistors in T0-46 and similar types of cases are usually made so that the element is terminated to the wafer notches as shown in Fig. 2A, which also indicates the eight possible mounting positions for this wafer in the micromodule. When a micromodule is designed with two transistors connected in a common-emitter configuration, one unit can be mounted in the Al position and the other in the Bl position, with a connection or jumper located on an end wafer between riser wires 1 and 3.
An end wafer is usually placed at each end of the module to protect the microelement wafers during manufacture, and to provide a mounting for jumpers between riser wires. When necessary, an end wafer may be eliminated if it contains no jumper and if the adjacent wafer does not contain an element on its outer face. Elimination of an end wafer will shorten the module height by about 0.015 inch.
Riser wires may also be shortened for additional isolation of a tuned circuit or other critical element located at the end of the module farthest from the chassis. The operation of such circuits may also be improved by locating input and output leads on opposite sides of the micromodule, and by designing the module so that the two riser wires on each side of a critical signal lead are grounded on the printed-circuit interconnecting board.
If less than twelve leads are re-
quired on a single micromodule for external connections, one or two of the riser wires on each side of the module may be cut off within 0.015 inch of the end wafer after the module is assembled to simplify the wiring on the printed-circuit interconnection board, as in the case of riser wires 5 and 9 in Fig. 1. However, in all such cases, at least one of the uncut external leads on each of the four micromodule sides must extend through the length of the micromodule. Printed-circuit interconnection board wiring may be further simplified, on occasion, by providing jumpers on micromodule end wafers between leads which do not connect to nodes within the micromodule, as shown for the end wafer at the chassis end of the micromodule in Fig. 1.
Unless element isolation requirements or cuts in riser wires dictate otherwise, resistors are usually located at the end of the moduJ.e closest to the chassis, followed by capacitors, inductors, silicon semiconductors and germanium semiconductors, in that order, to ensure the most efficient transfer of heat from the micromodule. When one or more of the micromodule riser wires are shortened, the configuration of the various circuit nodes determines the order in which the wafers must be assembled. In Fig. 1, a cut is indicated on riser wire 10 inside the module, and the riserwire segment used for the node identified as 10' on the schematic diagram is shown as a dashed line. In this case, the node cannot be formed by solder bridging because one of the wafers involved has more than 0.003 inch of build-up on both sides.
The first step in the design of a micromodule incorporating the circuit shown in Fig. 1 is the assignment of riser-wire numbers. For optimum micromodule system design, this assignment is made during the layout of the printed-circuit board on which the micromodules are to be mounted. Because it is preferable to use the standard transistor microelement wafer (Fig. 2A) when possible, the riser wires that connect to the emitter and collector of Q, are assigned first, and the printed-circuit mounting board is then laid out. Riser-wire numbers are then assigned to the remaining
40
electronics
nodes of the micromodule. The printed-circuit board layout
usually determines the assignment of riser-wire numbers to the remaining circuit nodes which must connect to the board. As shown in Fig. 2A, the transistor base should connect to riser-wire 10; however because riser-wire 10 has already been assigned as one terminal of a jumper wire associated with the external circuits, the wire must be cut to form node 10' for the transistor base.
With all the nodes of the circuit assigned, the microelement layouts can be completed. The jumpers required by the external circuits are placed on the end wafer, and R, and R, are placed on the adjacent wafer. Since R" connects to 10' it is placed on the third wafer in order that riser wire 10 may be attached to the required mm1mum of two wafers before it is cut. The two diodes are mounted on the fourth wafer, followed by the transistor and the second end wafer.
Micromodules may be designed to include circuits tuned by trimmer capacitors with ranges up to sixteen picofarads. In such cases, the trimmer is mounted at the end of the module for access when tuning, and the transformer is mounted on the adjacent wafer, which may also include a larger fixed capacitor connected in parallel with the trimmer. This arrangement also provides some isolation from the remainder of the micromodule.
In the design of a micromodule system, it is ofte:1 helpful to construct a breadboard of the micromodule by mounting hard-drawn wires about two inches long in each pin of a twelve-pin phenolic plug. The other ends of the wires are secured to a phenolic disk, which is similar to the base in diameter and separated from it by a small two-inch sleeve mounted at the axis of the connector. The twelve wires are numbered according to the numbers of the plug, and the circuit elements to be used in one micromodule may be connected between the riser wires. The resulting totem-pole arrangement is an electrical equivalent of the module in analogous physical form. An entire system may be made in this totem pole configuration, and the test circuits for the system may be mounted on a master board fitted
END WAFER WITH HOLE '\ ~
\I ·
INDUCTOR+ CAPACITOR
.r, ,\ ,¥'' ':
RESISTORS
TRANSISTOR
Li . DIODE
~: ~
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
l:l CERAMIC CAPACITOR
EXPLODED VIEW of a typical micr omodule
with receptacles for the totem-pole plugs. This arrangement is often convenient for the tuning, testing, and adjustment of the prototype micromodules or systems of micromodules because, with an adapter socket, one or more micromodules may be substituted for the corresponding totem-pole units.
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY-After assembly, micromodules are tested and encapsulated in an epoxy resin. When the completed micromodules have been tested again for specification performance, they are ready for assembly in the system for which they were designed. Micromodules are usually interconnected on a printed-circuit board, as shown in Fig. 3.
The printed-circuit board is designed so that the micromodules are spaced 0.4 inch between centers, but, if room is available, this spacing may be increased to accommodate a complex printed-circuitboard wiring pattern on a single side of the printed-circuit board. If the spacing between the micromodules cannot be increased beyond 0.4 inch, a double-sided printed-circuit board may be used.
A micromodule may be enclosed in a shield covering all surfaces except the chassis end; the major part of the chassis end may be shielded by a portion of the ground plane on the printed-circuit board.
If the system being designed requires components which have not yet been adapted to the micromodule form, the components may be mounted directly on the printedcircuit interconnecting board near the micromodules to which they connect.
The foregoing is a general survey of micromodule system design procedure as it exists in March, 1962. As a result of extensive development work underway at the time of writing, it may be anticipated that the coming months will further improve on the already large range of component values and operating specifications of microelements which are now available, and that the constantly improving favorable situation of micromodules with respect to operating reliability will become an achievement goal for all future generations of microelectronic concepts.
The guidance and comments offered by the author's colleagues, particularly by R. Wilson, R. Pew, H. Keitelman and R. Samuel are gratefully acknowledged.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
D. T . L evy , A P a ckaged Micromodula L abo r a to r y fo r Industry, RCA Engi n eer, D ec. 1960-Ja n. 1 961.
P . Schwartz a nd R. Stetson, Cera mics a nd Mi c ro module , RCA Engin eer, D ec. 1 959-Ja n. 1 960.
Mic rom odule D esign Manua l MDM 500 A, R C A S e micondu c tor and Materials Divis io n, So m e rville, N e w Jersey.
September 14, 1962
41
SWITCH ASSEMBLY with 50-ohm pulse-forming network, pulse transformer beneath magnetron and simple charging resistor modulates magnetron that provides about 100 Kw at 16 Ge
MODULES in 8-Kv experimental switch assembly are mounted back to back to limit inductance
Semiconductor Modulators for Modern
Pulse modulator has been developed that delivers 300 Kw and lab setup has provided 640-Kw output. Extending the same design techniques should enable semiconductor modulators to drive the most powerful magnetrons. These modulators can also improve efficiency, reduce size and weight and provide high reliability
THIS SEMICONDUCTOR highpower modulator has been developed to improve efficiency, reduce size and weight, and provide greater reliability. Extensive use of radar in aircraft, missile and satellite applications spurred development of the unit. However, the high-power modular switch could also be useful in high-current pulse generators, short-circuit protection for high-voltage traveling-wave tubes and klystrons, linear accelerators and lasers.
Several approaches to design of high-power semiconductor pulse modulators have been taken. Reviewing their operation will aid in understanding the design of the
new 300-Kw pulse modulator. All designs discussed use either pnpn diodes or pnpn transistor switches in line modulator circuits.
Drive requirements of a 100-Kw magnetron, listed in Table I, will be used as design objectives. The combination of 16.5 Kv and 18 amperes
LINE-TYPE modulator uses single pnpn transistor-Fig. 1
can be transformed using a suitable output transformer to achieve the 300-Kw output with lower voltage and correspondingly higher current.
A magnetron modulator has been described that uses a single pnpi, transistor' to obtain 10-µsec, 250Kw pulses. A similar circuit that operates from a 400-volt supply is shown in Fig. 1. To provide 17-Kv output, a transformer with a 1 :80 turns ratio is chosen. The resulting input impedance is 0.13 ohm, so pulse-forming network impedance is also 0.13 ohm. When the trigger switches the pnpn transistor, it places a short circuit across the input to the pulse-forming network. The network then produces the de-
42
electronics
IS THIS THE ANSWER?
Radar designers have long been aware of advantages in weight, size and reliability of semiconductor modulators. However, using semiconductors in modern radar presents many problems, not the least of which is the ever growing demand for higher power. A promising solution seemed to be provided by the versatile pnpn devices, and a number of designs based on these devices have been reported. But, as the authors point out, some of these approaches have serious limitations. The authors describe a modulator designed to overcome these disadvantages. It's also based on pnpn devices and looks like it will be adequate .for even the most powerful magnetrons
+B KV
+690V
TRIG
::-
(A}
TRIG
1
::- ( B) -=-
::-
::-
::-
MULTIPLE pnpn modulators can use single pulse-forming network (A)
and multiple pulse-forming networks ( B) as well as multiwinding transformer trigger (C)-Fig. 2
Magnetrons
By F. A. GATEKA M. L. EMBREE, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Laureldale, Pennsylvania
sired 200-volt, 1,500-ampere pulse across the transformer primary.
This circuit requires only a small number of components and a lowvoltage supply. However, it has series inductance in the high-current loop. Only 0.1-/.Lh series loop inductance will limit rise time of a 1,500-ampere pulse to about 1 fLSec. Also, pnpn transistors that can switch 1,500 amperes are necessarily large and have rise times of about 1 fLSec. The simple charging resistor could be replaced by a conventional resonant-charging arrangement, permitting operation from a lower supply voltage. A similar substitution could be made in all these modulators.
A second approach' uses a series arrangement of pnpn diodes, as shown in Fig. 2A. If modulator impedance of 50 ohms is chosen, the 300-Kw load requires about 4,000 volts at 80 amperes and the series pnpn diodes must sustain 8,000 volts in the off state. Since the best available pnpn diodes have breakovers of about 400 volts, 20 are required to sustain the 8-Kv charging
potential of the pulse-forming network (PFM).
A network of shunting resistors is used to avoid unequal voltage division across the pnpn diodes. Switching can be done in two ways. A trigger can be provided to the string that is sufficient to exceed the breakovers. This method requires that distribution of the breakovers of the pnpn diodes be closely controlled, since the trigger signal is divided across the string.
MODULATOR DESIGNS-Using the triggering method shown in Fig. 2A, the lower two units are switched, permitting the remaining diodes to be switched by the steeply rising voltage transient. However, this method depends on a presently uncontrolled characteristic of pnpn diodes and could result in problems. Another problem is the variable delay between trigger and output pulse, which results in jitter.
Another approach is a variation of the spark-gap apparatus.· This circuit, shown in Fig. 2B, uses 25 pnpn diodes in a series arrange-
ment. An output impedance of 250 ohms was chosen, which requires the modulator to supply 8,700 volts at 35 amperes. The required modulator impedance is achieved by effectively connecting 25 10-ohm pulseforming networks in series. The 25 pnpn diodes are placed in the series string so that the pulse-forming networks are separated from each other by pnpn diodes.
Charging the pulse-forming networks is achieved by using large resistors from ground and from the 690-volt supply to each side of the networks. The voltages add in series when the pnpn diodes are switched, providing the desired high-voltage output. Triggering is accomplished by providing a pulse to the diode nearest to ground. When this diode switches, a steeply rising voltage pulse propagated through the string switches the remaining diodes.
One serious problem associated with this modulator is that 700-volt pnpn diodes are not presently available. Other problems include the design of a pulse-forming network that will produce an acceptable
September 14, 1962
43
pulse when operated in series, using transient switching of pnpn diodes, and delay and jitter between trigger and output pulses.
Among modulators that use series arrays of pnpn transistors, the circuit in Fig. 2C is a direct extension of a 3-Kw modulator previously described.'·" A pulse transformer with an 8.7: 1 turns ratio has been selected. The modulator must therefore produce a 2,000-volt pulse at 150 amperes across the 13.3-ohm primary. Impedance of the PFM is thus 13.3 ohms.
Five pnpn transistors with breakover voltages of at least 800 volts are required to sustain the 4-Kv charging potential. A resistor shunt network ensures equal voltage division across the transistors. The gate trigger signal is supplied through a multiwinding transformer, which must be insulated for 4 Kv and capable of supplying 0.5 amp at 3 volts to each gate.
A major problem is that an 800volt 150-amp pnpn transistor that will switch up to 150 amperes in less than 100 nsec is not yet available. Also, considerable power is dissipated in the resistor network, and design of a multiwinding triggering transformer is difficult.
The trigger transformer might be simplified by supplying gate trigger current to the lower three transistors and allowing the remaining two to switch as two-terminal devices. However, delay and jitter result from the pnpn transistors switching as diodes.
300-KW MODULATOR-The modulator in Fig. 3 has been developed to overcome the limitations of the modulators described. Standard modulator impedance of 50 ohms was chosen, resulting in a pulse output requirement of 4 Kv at 80 amp. The 1-µ.sec PFN charges to 8 Kv through a 0.47-megohm resistor from the 8.5-Kv supply. Four 2-Kv switch modules are arranged in series to complete the modulator circuit. A trigger is provided to the lower 2-Kv module, which in turn provides simultaneous triggers to the other modules.
A simplified overall circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 4A. The 16-Kv 20-ampere pulse is supplied to the 7208 magnetron through the bifilar pulse transformer in the filament circuit. The pulse is gen-
110 4,00B0OVA
LOAD
50 OHMS
2-KV
SWITCHES(4)
-=
MODULATOR was designed to overcome limitations of earlier semiconductor modulators-Fig. 9
DRIVE REQUIREMENTSTABLE I
FOR 100-KW MAGNETRON Pulse Power Input .... 300 Kw Pulse Voltage Input.. 16.5 Kv Pulse Current Input . . 18 amp Pulse Width. . . . . . . . . 1 µsec Pulse Rise Time ..... . 125 nsec
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS- TABLE II
Input Voltage ...... . . 8.5 Kw Input Current. ....... 4.5 ma Input Power. . . . . . . . . 38 w Output Voltage Pulse . 4 Kv Output Current Pulse. 80 amp Output Power Pulse .. 320 Kw
Duty Cycle.. . . . . . . . . 0.005 %
Average Output Power 16 w Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . 42 %
erated in a standard 50-ohm PFN, which has an output of 4 Kv at 80 amperes for 1 µ.sec. Each 2-Kv module includes a series arrangement of five 2Nl 765 pnpn transistors. Each transistor can sustain at least 400 volts in the forward direction and can switch 80 amperes in 1 µ.sec. Rise time to 80 amperes is less than 125 nsec.
The 500-pf capacitors were chosen to be large enough to provide adequate triggering current to each pnpn transistor for at least 100 nsec but small enough to be effectively discharged in less than 1 µ.sec. Initial gate current for each transistor above the lowest one is about 400 ma and rapidly decreases as the capacitors discharge. The
lower capacitors in the figure must supply increasingly higher currents so successively smaller ones are needed when the modules are stacked as in Fig. 4A.
The 1-µ.h coils were chosen so that inductance would be as low as possible without significantly affecting the trigger pulse. Small inductances effectively terminate the n emitter to gate of the pnpn transistors, enhancing their forward breakover and recovery characteristics. Since gate to n emitter voltage during turn-on is essentially constant at 1 volt, shunt current in the 1-µ.h coil at 100 nsec after trig-
= = ger is: i 1/Lf vdt (V/) 6.t.
Therefore, if V is 1 volt, L is 1 µ.h and 6.t is 100 nsec, i = 1/ (1 X
= 10-·) x 100 x 10-· 100 ma.
As a result of the combined effects of capacitor discharge and linearly increasing inductor shunt current, the trigger for each pnpn transistor is a short high-current pulse that is terminated before completion of the 1-µ.sec high-current output pulse. This type trigger ensures rapid recovery of the transistors permitting reasonably rapid recharging of the PFN.
SWITCHING MODULES-Each 2Kv module of the experimental 8-Kv switch assembly in the photograph contains five 2Nl765 transistors. The 400-volt regulator diodes for each stage are composed of two 1N672 and one 1N671 voltage regulators in series. The 2-Kv modules are back to back so that the high-current path is alternately clockwise and counterclockwise to limit inductance.
The complete circuit of a 2-Kv module is shown in Fig. 4B. To describe operation, terminals 1, 2 and 3 are assumed to be at ground potential and terminal 6 at +2,000 volts. The voltage-regulator diodes maintain voltage across each pnpn transistor at 400 volts, and the charge on each 500-pf capacitor is also 400 volts. A 0.5-ampere, 3-volt trigger is liUpplied to the gate of the transistor nearest to ground. When this transistor switches, voltage at point A is reduced by about 400 volts. Because of the voltageregulator diodes, voltage at point B and every comparable point in the string is reduced by 400 volts.
The 500-pf capacitors have been charged to 400 volts through the
44
electronics
1,000-ohm resistors. When voltage
at point A is reduced by 400 volts,
720B Ku-BAND COAXIAL MAGNETRON
voltage on the forward-biased gate terminal of the pnpn transistor is correspondingly reduced so that there is a 400-volt potential across the 1,000-ohm resistor. Thus the capacitor supplies 400 ma to the gate of the second transistor. Simultaneously, a 400-ma gate signal is provided to the gate of each transistor in the string.
I
I
1,000pF I
I I L
I 3,ooo II
pF
I
L
5
6
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
DIODE CURRENT-Time is required for the voltage-regulator diodes to accomplish the 4-00-volt change at point B and comparable points. When the module is in the high-impedance state, the diodes are reverse biased into their avalanche regions. When the first transistor is triggered and the voltageregulator d i odes are voltagestressed by switching of the first transistor, reverse current of the top diode is increased from the 1-ma off-state current t o 400 ma peak. Reverse current of the second diode
I
5,ooo II
pF I
L
I
1T,R0I0G0
I
I
I pF I 200
~ LJ500p:__ I:_=
I
4KV
I
50BOA
I
OHMS
I
I
I
I
2
(A)
(8)
DEVELOPMENTAL 800-Kw modulator (A) uses four 2-Kv switching modules (B) in series-Fig. 4
from the top increases to 800 ma, since it carries the current of the top diode as well as the 400-ma trigger current supplied to the top pnpn transistor. The third and fourt:h diodes from the top carry 1,200 and 1,600 ma, respectively, during the early part of the turn-on transient. Since the di0des were in the avalanche region and are driven further into it, less the 1
··-· ·~·
+16.5 KV
0.27 MEG
2 MEG
2 MEG
BKV BOA 100 OHMS
2,000-V SWITCHES
(Bl
nsec is required to change current.
Switching waveforms of the 300Kw modulator operating at full power output are shown in the photograph: 0.25 µsec per horizontal division and 4,000 volts per
MODULATOR operating at full power has 4-Kv output waveform shown above. Wav eform acr oss 8-Kv switch is shown below
EXPERIMENT AL
modulator
switches 1.28 megawatts to provide
640-Kv outpu t-Fig. 5
vertical division. The 4-Kv, 300-
Kw output pulse is shown at the ing diode and inductor instead of Two 8-Kv switch assemblies were
top. Rise time and pulse length are the charging resistor, which would wired in series with two 50-ohm
determined by characteristics of eliminate about 6 watts of dissi- pulse-forming networks with suita-
the PFN. Voltage across the 8-Kv pation. Efficiency has been improved ble balancing resistors, as in Fig. 5.
switch assembly during switching significantly by using voltage-regu- With this arrangement, a switching
is shown at the bottom. Rise time lator diodes to stabilize voltage operation from 16 Kv to 80 amperes
of the 600-Kw clos ure is 125 nsec. across the pnpn transistors. If re- has been obtained.
Performance data for the 8-Kv sistors with the same dynamic re-
switch assembly made up of four sistance as the diodes were used,
2-Kv modules is shown in Table II. power losses would be increased. REFERENCES
A 300-Kw pulse at a duty cycle of 0.005 percent is delivered to a 50ohm load. Pulse repetition rate is limited by thermal design of the switch assembly and could be improved by potting, encapsulating the assembly in oil or air cooling.
Modulator efficiency could be improved ·by using a resonant-charg-
The 8-Kv, 300-Kw switch assembly in the photograph is being used to modulate a 7208 magnetron, which has output power of about 100 Kw at 16 Ge. The experimental setup includes a 50-ohm PFN and 'PUise transformer (under magnetron ) and a simple charging resistor.
( 1) H. G. H ear d, Co ntrolle d R ectifier P roduces Q ua r ter-Megawa tt Pulse P ower, E LECTRONICS, p 54, June 23, 1961.
( 2) R. L . Bl esele, Jr., Solid State P u lse Modu lators, E l ectronic I n d ustr ies, Au 1:u~t 1961.
(3) D iode Net S wi tch es Magaw a t t in 30 Nsec, Electron ic D aily, p 12, M a r ch 21, 1 961.
(4) F. A. Gatek a , A 3 Kw Se mico nductor Magnetron Modulator, M i d- Amel'ican E l ec t ronics Conf er ence, 19 6 0.
( 5 ) F. A. G a t eka, A Se mi co n d u c to r Magnetron Mo dulator , Th e W ester n Electric Eng ineer, p 3, Oc t o be r 1960.
September 14, 1962
45
Is This the
By RICHARD J. MAYER
Transport Div., The Boeing Co., Renton, Wash.
EXTREME SIMPLICITY of parametric amplifier is evident in these pictures-Fig. 1
DESIGN FOLLOW-THROUGH
Dick Mayer discussed the preliminary design of this vhf parametric amplifier in ELECTRONICS, Dec. 15, 1961. Since then he has made several important design changes. Now he says it may the simplest paramp ever constructed
PUMP INPUT LOOP
PUMP COUPLI NG LOOP
/I , g,;(~ PUMP~
~ INPUT
SIGNAL INPUT LOOP
VAR ACTOR
DIODE ~ ~:T~E:F~Y ~ ~IGNAL
RESONATOR
OUTPUT LOOP
ONLY ONE butterfly resonator,
one varactor diode, with coitpling loops for signal and pump frequ encies, make up the amplifier circuit -Fig. 2
POSSIBLY the simplest parametric amplifier ever constructed consists of only one butterfly resonator and one varactor diode with coupling loops for the signal and pump frequencies. In addition to its simplicity and low cost, the amplifier features a wide operating frequency range: it is tunable over at least a two-to-one frequency band. It operates in a quasidegenerate mode; both signal and idler frequencies are within the passband of the single resonator. This new amplifier differs considerably from a design suggested in an earlier article.1
Butterfly resonators have these desirable features at vhf and lower microwave frequencies:' freedom from erratic behavior-no sliding contacts; wide tuning range-a tuning ratio (ratio of max to min resonant frequency ) of the order of 5: 1 is possible; high Q-typical values range from 200 to 1,000; accessibility of points between which maximum impedance is developed; ease of tuning; and small size relative to other resonators covering the same frequency range.
NEW DESIGN-Figure 1 shows the new amplifier. The signal is magnetically coupled to the butterfly resonator. The varactor diode is in series with the pump coupling
loop across the high impedance points of the res£>nator. The pump signal is magnetically coupled through the pump input loop to the varactor. The circuit is shown in Fig. 2 where G, and GL are the signal generator conductance and the load conductance, respectively. Although this circuit is unlike that of the conventional parametric amplifier, which has been thoroughly analyzed;-· it can be shown to be subject to the same analysis. The circuit (Fig. 2) is reduced to that used by Blackwell and Kotzebue in their analysis of the degenerate amplifier.· First, the equivalent circuit at the pump frequency is considered to show that the pump input signal appears across the varactor, but not across the signal input and output terminals. The butterfly resonator, tuned to the signal-idler frequency, is essentially a short circuit to the pump signal. The equivalent circuit at the pump frequency thus reduces to that in Fig. 3A, and virtually all pump power coupled to the pump coupling loop appears across the varactor.
Average capacitance of the varactor is only about 1 to 3 pf. Therefore, its impedance at the signalidler frequency is much greater than the pump-coupled-impedance. The equivalent circuit at the signal
frequency thus becomes that of Fig. 3B. For convenience, the butterfly resonator has been replaced by a parallel tuned circuit that has a finite passband. For quasidegenerate operation, both the signal and the idler frequencies are within this passband so that only this single tuned circuit is necessary. Finally, the signal input and load conductances can be transformed to appear directly across the signal circuit. In Fig. 3C, where G/ and G/ are the equivalent, transformed, generator and load cond uctances, respectively. This circuit is identical to the equivalent circuit used by Blackwell and Kotzebue.
DESIGN EQUATIONS - Transducer gain, g,, at signal frequency, w., is given by:·
O·=[ 4Gy'(Ji,' ---------"--w~. w-,_(_y_C_o)-2 ~]~'
G'o + C',,
G'a + G',,
where w, is the idler frequency; yCo
comes fram the assumed varactor
capacitance variation at the pump
frequency, w,,. Its expression is C (w,,) ~ C0 + 2C0y cos w"t. The
single-sideband noise figure is F ...
= 2[1 + ( T /To) (G//G,) J where
G, is the varactor loss conductance.
T is t he ope1:ating temperature and
To is the standard noise temper-
46
electronics
Simplest Paramp Ever Built?
This quasi-degenerate parametric amplifier for vhf and lower microwave frequencies f eatures simplicity and low cost. It is tunable over at least a two-to-one frequency band
PUMP
VARAC TOR DIO DE
INPUT
LOOP ~
PUMP INPUT
3
PUMP COUPLING LOOP
VARACTOR DIOD E
SIGNAL INPUT
VAR ACTOR
~S IGNA L
L _ _ OUTPU T
G'L
G'9
(A)
(8)
(C)
EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS at 71ump frequency (AJ, at signal-idler fr equency (BJ and for mathematical analysis (CJ where G/ and GL' are the equivalent, transformed, gen erator and load conductances-Fig. 3
ature of 290 degrees K. In Fig. 1, the pump input loop is
in the container cover (top of photo) . The amplifier is inside the round, brass container, and the shaft of the resonator rotor protrudes from the container so that the resonator may be tuned from the outside (tuning knob not shown ) . The signal coupling loops are on either side of the resonator, and the varactor and the pump coupling loop are seen in edge view.
TEST RESULTS - Both a spectrum analyzer and a receiver were used during tests. The amplifier was intended as a low-noise amplifier at 150 Mc. On the spectrum analyzer display, the 150 Mc signal and idler differed by approximately 300 Kc, although operation at differences anywhere below about 500 Kc is possible, depending on pump frequency.
Bandwidth is approximately 200 Kc. Maximum stable power gain is about 25 db, although maximum long-term stability is obtained by operating below about 17 db.
Operating frequency can be changed by retuning the resonator and changing the pump frequency. Power gains of 20 to 30 db were obtained at signal frequencies up to 300 Mc. The only tuned circuit
is the resonator that tunes the frequency band 135 to 485 Mc; the amplifier insertion loss (pump off ) over this entire band is less than 5 db. Therefore the amplifier should operate over this band if adjustments of the pump frequency are made. However, the upper frequency was restricted to 300 Mc because the power output of the pump source used was too low for operation above 600 Mc. (For quasidegenerate operation, the pump frequency is approximately twice the signal frequency.) About 200 mw pump power was required. Microwave Associates, MA 450 series varactor diodes were used (MA 450A thru MA 450E diodes produced no change in operating characteristics).
The amplifier was operated without a circulator because none was available for frequencies below 250 Mc. Thus, the amplifier is sensitive to small changes in generator or load impedance, and it is difficult to measure noise figure. A conventional noise source cannot be used beca use of the change of impedance of the noise source between on and off conditions. Kotzebue1 reported this difficulty in an earlier investigation; he measured the noise figure of his amplifier by visually observing its
noise output on a spectrum analyzer.
Noise output was too low to be observed on the spectrum analyzer. Crude measurements of the noise figure were made by measuring input and output signal to noise ratios. These measurements yielded a single-sideband noise figure of about 3.5 db, an indication that the noise figure is low.
This amplifier should be operated at signal frequencies of 250 to 3,000 Mc where both circulators and butterfly resonators are available. Besides increasing stability, the circulator will double the voltagegain-bandwidth product.
The author is indebted to Dwight E. Isbell for his suggestions which led to this development.
REFERENCES
(1) R. J. Mayer, Degenerate Parametric Amplifier Uses Butterfly Resonators, ELECTRONICS, p 74, Dec. 15, 1 961.
(2) H. J . Reich, P. F. Ordung, H. L. Krauss a nd J. G. Skalnik, "Microwave Theory and Techniques, p 465, D. V an Nostrand Co., I nc., 1953.
(3) Heffner and G. Wade, Gain, Bandwidth and )<oise Charac teristics of the Variable-Param eter Amplifier. Stanford Electronics Labs, T ech. Report No. 28, Feb. 26, 1958.
( 4) S. Bloom and K. K. N. Chang, Theory of Parametric Amplification Using Nonlinear Reactances, p 578, RCA Rev., Dec. 1957.
( 5) L . A. B lackwell and K. L. Kotzebue, " Semicroduc tor-Dlode Parametric Amplifiers," p 59, Pre n tice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J ., 1961.
(6) Ibid., p 73. (7) K. L . Kotzebue, A SemiconductorDiode Parametric Amplifier a t Microwave Frequencies, Stanford Electronics Labs, Tech. Report No. 49 , p 43, Nov. 4, 1958 .
September 14, 1962
41
CIRCUITS of marker pulse generator (A), transmit pulse generator (B) and time-base delay (C)-Fig. 1
Compact New Instrument
By F. JONES
General Post Office Research Station Dolli s Hill, England
J. H. REYNE R
Furzehill Laboratories Ltd .· Boreham Wood, England
Pulse-echo instrument identifies shunt or series faults, pinpoints them within 0.1 mile in a 50-mile range. Dual-beam oscilloscope contributes to fast operation, is easy to read
THIS NEW pulse-echo instrument for locating faults in submarine telephone cables is both fast and compact; it has to be for use aboard modern cable-repair ships. This instrument abandons the usual highlyoomplex circuits in favor of a simple scanning system coupled with crystal markers calibrated in nautical miles. But it retains the accuracy of earlier instruments.'
It measures only 21 by 18 by 23 inches, but can locate, in a few minutes, the position of a cable fault to within 0.1 mile. The maximum range is 50 nautical miles. It can select any 1 or 10-mile spread within this range, for an accuracy of location of ± 0.5 percent or ± 40 fathoms, whichever is greater.
BASIC DESCRIPTION-A pulse of 2-v amplitude and approximately sine-squared shape is applied to the input of the cable. Any fault that produces an abnormal variation in impedance causes this pulse to be
reflected and received at the sending end after a time interval that i11 a measure of the distance to the fault. The pulses are displayed on the upper trace of a double-beam crt. The lower trace displays crystal-controlled marker pulses at intervals corresponding to one nautical mile with every tenth marker of increased height. The transmitted pulse is applied to the cable through a variable delay network that enables it to be aligned with a pulse marker so that the distance of the received pulse can be readily assessed. Figure 2A illustrates the display.
The relative direction of the reflected pulse indicates the type of fault. If it is in the same direction as the transmitted pulse it indicates a series fault, the extreme being an open circuit which gives 100 percent reflection. Conversely a shunt fault gives a reflection in the opposite direction, the extreme being a short circuit which again
gives 100 percent reflection. Initially, the full sweep width
corresponds to 50 nautical miles. A range switch then permits the 10-mile sector in which the fault occurs to be expa nded to full screen width. A further expansion can
WHY ANOTHER FAULT FINDER?
For people concerned with cables, here is another piece of B ritish ingenuity- a puls e-echo instrum l'nf for cable-fault location. Since fault locators using the echo technique have been around for over fifteen years, we were wondering what advantages the new instrument had over previous ones. Th e answer? Most cable-fault locators are accurate, sophisticated, but bulky. Th is one is not only accurate but also simple, compact and fast-ju st what was needed aboard cable repair ships
48
electronics
Finds Undersea Cable Faults
then be obtained of the appropriate I-mile sector so that with fullscreen width representing one mile the distance can readily be assessed to an accuracy of better than 0.1 mile.
MARKER GENERATOR-A block diagram is shown in Fig. 2B. The heart of the instrument is the crystal-controlled marker-pulse generator, which produces pulses at intervals corresponding to one nautical mile. The velocity of propagation in a cable depends upon its construction but for most submarine cables a coaxial construction with polythene dielectric is used, and for this type of cable the velocity is 9.5 µsec per nm.
Hence, the time taken to go and return is 19 µsec per nm and marker pulses are therefore arranged to occur every 19 µsec, corresponding to a frequency of 52.632 Kc.
For any other type of coaxial cable the indicated distance of the fault must be multiplied by a correction factor based on relative phase velocity. This is usually known as part of the cable specification.
A crystal oscillator generates a primary frequency of 52.632 Kc, which triggers a blocking oscillator to produce sharp pulses at 19-
µsec intervals. Since the coarse display covers
50 nm it is desirable to accentuate every tenth pulse. This can be accomplished by generating a larger pulse every 190 µsec and superposing it on the smaller 19-µsec pulses.
The marker-generator circuit is shown in Fig. lA. Crystal oscillator V, is followed by blocking oscillator V,. Sharp pulses are produced in the cathode of V,. These are approximately sine-squared in form and have a half-amplitude duration of about 0.1 µsec. The pulses are fed to a monostable multivibrator V,, whose output is differentiated and triggers a second blocking oscillator V ·. In the cathode
of v., pulses are generated similar
in form to those in V,. The 19-µsec and 190-µsec pulses are then com-
bined in double triode v. and fed
to the marker plates of the crt.
TRANSMITTED PULSE - The 190-µsec pulses are also applied to a similar dividing circuit that generates pulses at intervals of 1,900 µsec, corresponding to 100 nm. These pulses are applied to the cable under test. However, since there is a minimum delay of 190 µsec in the operation of the time base, it is necessary to delay the transmitted pulse by a correspond-
ing amount. It is convenient to make this delay variable over a small range to enable the transmitted pulse to be aligned with one of the 10-nm pulses.
The trigger pulse is then applied to a monostable multivibrator (V. of Fig. IB) in which a delay of between 171 and 228 µsec (9 to 12 nm) is obtained by adjusting the potential on the first grid. The
LOCATING a cable fault using pulseecho technique
September 14, 1962
49
DELAY UNIT
TIME BASE ·
X AMP
· BLOCKING OSCILLATOR
TO CABLE
COMBINING AMP
J:
I
!liiillioilll_...__,,.;_;~ A ,0
62 DB ATTENUATOR
(A)
(B)
ECHO from fault in cable, with 1and10-mile markers (A); complete fault locator (B)-Fig. 2
square-wave output from this circuit is then differentiated in T·.
Tube V. develops a pulse at the cathode of approximately ! fLSec half-amplitude duration that is fed to transformer T,, which has a center-tapped secondary. The pulse developed in one half of the secondary (approximately 2-v amplitude) is applied to the cable. This pulse is also fed to the display amplifier but is offset by an equal and opposite pulse developed across the other half of the secondary so that the amplifier is not blocked, whereas the reflected pulse is applied unattenuated direct to the amplifier input. By adjusting the balancing network, the displayed amplitude of the transmitted pulse may be set to a convenient height comparable with the received pulse.
The display amplifier uses conventional circuits, has a total gain of 77 db, and supplies symmetrical signals to the upper Y plates of the crt. An attenuator of 62 db in 1-db steps allows adjustment of the display amplitude.
With the pulse-check switch open, the hybrid balance is inoperative and the full pulse amplitude is applied to the amplifier. The attenuator is adjusted until the pulse height is the same as that of the received pulse; the additional attenuation required is the pulse attenuation in the cable.
TIME-BASE GENERATOR-Conventional circuits are used to generate the horizontal sweep, but a variable delay circuit is incorporated to permit an amplifier dis-
play of selected portions of the trace. See Fig. lC. The pulses from the frequency standard are fed to time-delay circuit V0-V0· At rest, V . is cut-off but upon the arrival of a pulse, capacitor C begins to discharge, producing a linear fall of plate voltage. The duration of this fall is controlled by the setting of delay network R. to R.. The minimum delay with R, at zero can be set by R, to 190 fLSec or 10 nm and the maximum with R, at maximum is set by R. to 1,140 fLSec or 60 nm. Potentiometer R. thus covers a delay range corresponding to 50 nm. Thus, the beginning of the sweep can be made to coincide with the transmitted pulse, for coarse display, or any point immediately preceding the reflected pulse, for closer estimation of distance.
The saw-tooth pulses in the plate circuit of V. are accompanied by square pulses at the screen. These are differentiated and trigger the time-base generator, that uses a bootstrap circuit and feeds a symmetrical amplifier driving both sets of X plates on the crt. Three sweep ranges are provided, giving sweep times that correspond to full screen widths of 50, 10 and 1-nm. The crt trace is normally blacked out but is restored to normal brilliance during the sweep by unblanking pulses derived from the time-base gate.
OPERATION-The width of the pulse initially !-µ,sec half-amplitude duration, increases as it progresses along the cable due to the attenuation against frequency characteris-
tic. This might cause errors, but it is found that errors can be obviated by measuring the distance between the 10-percent amplitude points of the sent and received pulses. The crt graticule is provided with a main mark 1-inch from the center line and a subsidiary mark at 0.1-inch. The amplitude of the pulses is adjusted to the main mark by attenuator and pulse control. Distance to the fault is then assessed by the intersection of the pulses with the 10-percent line.
The instrument is first used on the 50-nm range with zero delay, producing a display as shown in Fig. 2A. The time base is then changed to the 10-nm range and the fine control adjusted so that the 10-nm markers coincide with the beginning and end of the scan.
The time-base delay is then increased, noting the number of 10-nm intervals, indicated by the traverse of the 10-nm markers across the screen, until the reflected pulse appears. Total distance can be read off with greater accuracy. The process can be repeated on the 1-nm range, permitting the location of the fault to be determined to an accuracy of ±0.5 percent.
The authors thank the engineerin-chief of the British Post Office for permission to publish these details, and to J. W. Glazbrook of the GPO Research Station, for much detailed work during the development of the equipment.
REFERENCES
( 1) F . F. Roberts. Pulse Techniques in Coaxial Cable Testing, Jom'li POEE, 41, April, 1948.
50
electronic s
FOUR NEW WAYS TO HOUSE MICROFUSES (SUB-MINIATURE)
282001
282002
281002
284000 Serles
Front panel mount Microfuse holder (with the hexagon nut rear of panel). Rugged aluminum body and knurled cap; both can be anodized in color. Fungus and shock resistant. Seal· ing "O" rings in cap and on body. "Eye" type termi· nals specially designed for easy soldering.
Rear panel mount Microtuse holder (with the round nut mounted from front of panel). Rugged aluminum body and knurled cap; both can be anodized in color. Fungus and shock resistant. Sealing "O" rings in cap and on body. "Eye" type terminals specially designed for easy soldering.
Front panel mount Microfuse holder (with the hexagon nut rear of panel). Molded from high strength, high dielectric material. Knurled cap for easy grip, with skirt for positive "O" ring seal. Rugged "Eye" type plated brass terminals separated by molded barrier to provide complete insulation.
Indicating Microfuse holder -when the fuse blows indi·· eating bulb glows. Knob molded from transparent material with serrations for easy gripping. Skirt of knob for positive " O" ring seal. Body from high strength, high dielectric material. Indicating holders available in wide voltage ranges from
2* to 125 volts.
Microfuses achieve low fuse resistance values with high reliability in ultra-fast blowing characteristics. Microfuses can be hermetically sealed, suitable for potting applica· tions. Glass enclosed visible filament. Microfuses available in 1/500 through 5 amps at 125 V. Short circuit interrupting capacity 125 V-10,000 amps DC.
LITTELFUSE Des Plaines, Illinois
CIRCLE 51 GN READER SERVICE CARD
electronics REFERENCE SHEET
WORDS UNDER THE SEA Underwater radio propagation is vital to the U.S. Navy. Our Polaris carrying nuclear submarines may r emain su bmerged for months on end. Their only contact with the world abo'Ve is the Navy Fox broadcast. And only powerful very-lowfrequ ency c-w signals get throuoh the sea water.
The Navy knows its vlf well indeed. Stations at Annapolis, Maryland and Balboa, Canal Zone were on the air befor e World War II. During World War II, the big 16.88-Kc alternator at Haiku, Hawaii came on the air using an antenna strung between two mountain peaks. Right after the war, the rig was replaced with a ~ m egawatt vacuum-tu be job at Lualualei.
Big Jim, a 1-megawatt transmitter with a frequency range from 14.5 to 35 Kc is located in a deep valley at J·im Creek, Washington (ELECTRONICS, p 98, Dec.195f). Now Big Jim has a brother; another 1-megawatt rig near Camden, Maine
By E. J. HILLIARD
U.S. Naval Und erwater Ordnance Station, Newport, Rhode Island
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~
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~ 60 t-+<e-t--+--!-~h..-.'..f-'+--1---+-+-l--+--+--t--
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::r:J33~--~ c 0 ~~-l-~~~,2_,_~~,e-l-~~24~_,_~~
FREQUENCY IN GC
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of sea water at 17 C-Fig. 1
Getting Signals
Through to Submarines
Characteristics of sea water and the air-to-water interface are highly unfavorable for electromagnetic communication. Signal attenuation at high frequencies is thousands of db per meter
SEA WATER IS KNOWN to be an extremely poor transmission medium for electromagnetic waves. In tests made so far, no windows have been found up to 100 Ge, and it is unlikely that any will be found. Nevertheless, for radio control of, or communications with, submarines or other submerged devices, sea water and the air-to-sea interface have characteristics that allow some signal transmission.
The signal transmitted to the submerged receiver can generally be maximized by using a vertically polarized transmitting antenna, since this allows the maximum signal through the interface and also minimizes the dependance of signal strength on angle of incidence.
Transmission parameters of interest are attenuation, wavelength and intrinsic impedance, from 10 cps to 100 Ge. Also required for an understanding of radio transmission through the air-water interface are
transmission coefficient against angle of incidence for both horizontal and vertical polarization of the incident wave.
The curves are for sea water at 17 C. No attempt has been made to determine how far the values for other temperatures will depart from those plotted. These curves are intended as a handy guide to ele-::tromagnetic radiation into and through sea water, and as a theoretical starting point for further investigation.'· "·
WHAT THE CURVES MEAN -Of the many curves that can be plotted there is space h ere only for the most descriptive and most useful. The dielectric constant of sea water in the rationalized mks system is given in Fig. 1.
Intrinsic impedance Z of sea water against frequency is
= shown in Figure 2, where Z
E/H with E in v/ m and H in amp/ m. While the plot of phase
52
electronics
SLOTTED LIN ES for 26 to 110 KMC
FREQUENCY ·...... full waveguide band
SLOPE. ...·..··...........· 1.03 max.
PROBE .. variable depth adjustment and built-in slide screw turner
TRAVEL MEASUREMENT ·. dial indicator with 0.01 mm divisions
The TRG Model E740 pictured below is a highly accurate slotted line for microwave measurements
Tu G in the millimeter region. This is another concrete example of TRG's effort to provide you with the most
complete line of millimeter components. Today, TRG is the one and only source for more components covering the entire 26 to 220 kmc region than anyone else. Whatever your problem - a component, or complete systems development - TRG has more of everything it takes, including experience, to place the answers right in the palm of your hands. Please write for Catalog 260A today.
TECHNICAL RESEARCH GROUP, 400 Border St., East Boston 28, Mass.
TRG MODEL E740 SLOTTED LINE provides highly accurate microwave measurements in the millimeter region. Precision linear bearings and a smooth friction wheel drive assure accurate control, and long-life of the probe travel. The 0.003 inch diameter probe features a variable depth adjustment, and a built-in slide screw tuner for optimizing the RF coupling to the waveguide. The unit is neatly packaged In a rugged case to protect it against damage and dust.
MODEL NUMBER
Under Development
September 14, 1962
F-740
Under Development
CIRCLE 53 ON READER SERVICE CARD 53
electronics REFERENCE SHEET
angle is somewhat distorted by the log-log scales, the scale allows the amplitude and phase angle to be plotted on the same graph. The plot shows that the impedance varies directly as the square root of frequency and the phase angle stays at 45 degrees up to 100 Mc. The dip in the phase angle curve corresponds with the m1mmum in K , (relative dielectric constant of sea water at 17 C) at approximately 3.5 Ge.'
Wave length of electromagnetic radiation in sea water as shown in Fig. 3 varies inversely
as the square root of frequency up to 100 Mc. Attenuation (also shown in Fig. 3) varies directly as the square root of the frequency up to 100 Mc. Of interest is the notch in the region between 3.5 and 4 Ge. The depth of the notch, measured from the local maximum at about 2 Ge, is at most 5 nepers per meter.
= In db, this is 5 x 8.686 43.4
db. Since the level in this region is about 70 nepers per meter (608 db per meter), the percentage decrease is a minute 0.8 percent. Beyond this valley the curve rises sharply to the
IOOr----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , ,
IOOKC
IMC
IOMC
IOOMC
IGC
FREOUENCY
IOGC
IOOGC
INTRINSIC IMPEDANCE rises exponentially as frequency increases. Phase angle remains at 45 degrees to almost 100 Mc-Fig. 2
I0,000,--------------------------~
1,000
100 WA'Y£LENGTti (),\IN METERS
10
10
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ATTENUATION l<r) I N NtPERS PER METER
IKC
IOKC
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JOO MC
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IOGC
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FREQUENCY
SIGNAL WAVE LENGTH and attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in sea water at 17 C-Fig. 3
imposing height at 100 Ge of 4,000 nepers per meter or 34,800 db per meter.
Figure 4A shows the variation of transmission coefficient with angle of incidence for vertical polarization of the incident wave. For the lower frequencies, the transmission coefficient is practically independent of angle of incidence (</>) for angles below 89.5 degrees. The angles of refraction were always less than 6.5 degrees for the values of cf> chosen. For 10 Ge and below, the angles of refraction were always below 1 degree. Figure 4B shows transmission coefficient plotted on an expanded scale of angle of incidence between 80 and 90 degrees.
Figures 4C and 4D are for horizontal polarization of the incident wave. Here the transmission coefficient falls rapidly toward zero as the angle of incidence increases. At zero angle of incidence, at corresponding frequencies, transmission coefficients for both horizontal and vertical polarization are identical (Fig. 4A and 4C). For a wave directed perpendicular to an interface, the sense of polarization is lost.
FREQUENCY EFFECTS-As frequency increases the transmission coefficient increases, as does the i>ttenuation. In the region of the frequency spectrum where 10 to 50 percent of the incident field strength is obtained on the under side of the interface, the attenuation is so high that the signals are useless. In the region where attenuation is more reasonable, the losses through the interface are large.
Figure 5 shows the total attenuation to be expected through the interface and through sea water to any depth. Vertical polarization of the incident signal was chosen because the transmission coefficient is virtually in-
54
CIRCLE 55 ON READER SERVICE CARD-+
MOST VALUABLE
Why? Because the Varian G-14 bench top recorder enhances the value of your other fine instruments. How? By giving you an accurate, easy-to-read analog record of the data they provide. For complete information about the all new solid - state G-14, or a demonstration in your own laboratory, see your nearest Varian Recorder Representative, or write the INSTRUMENT DIVISION.
Features: Instantly selectable spans of 1 mv, 10 mv, 100 mv and 1 v. Pen speed 0.6 seconds full scale. Accuracy 1.0% on 1 mv span; 0.5 % on the other three spans. Zener diode reference voltage. Exceptionally high input impedance allows source resistances up to 100 K ohms. Full scale zero adjustment plus suppression. Choice of two chart speeds from l "/ hr. up to 16"/min. Price: $685.
SQUARE FOOT IN YOUR
LABORATORY
VARIAN associates
PALO ALTO 1, CALIFORNIA
·
electronics REFERENCE SHEET
I
i = VERTICAL POLARIZATION
[f
.I
I
u11;
10.00 I
:':
0.000 I
IOOGC IOGC I GC I00 MC
I0 MC
I MC
I~ VERTICAL POLARIZATtoN-~
100 GC
JE= F!"°*"'ZO~Nt;.L$P$OA~L·,~z·~TIO=·:ri=~ 100GC
1-H?"f°-t:::E:J:::i=~:~gc
~IOO MC
~
IOMC
0. I
!:H"O"R°1Z:O-N~T~AILON
1..-1
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0.0 I
czv v v
0.00 I
0.01 ~- IOOKC
,.~
y v
IOKC
~IOKC 0.000
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v czv
J..-
00000I
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60
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ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
0
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88 86 84 82 ANGLE Of INCIDENCE
80
TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS for vertically and horizontally polarized waves. At an angle of i11,cidence of zero, transmission is identical for both polarizations for the same frequency-Fig. 4
dependent of angle of incidence. In addition the curves represent the most favorable limit for total attenuation. Horizontally polarized signals will give higher values for all angles of incidence.
The following functions were
obtained graphically
a (interface) = 13.25 1-·0001
= a (sea water) 0.0037 D \If
where f is the frequency in cps,
D is the depth of penetration in
MINIMUM ATTENUATIO AT BEST FREQUE CY FOR VARIOUS DEPTHS
D
f for a Min.
a Total atf
100 m lOm lm
16 cps 900 cps
52 Kc
13 nepers (113 db ) 9 . 8 ncpcrs (BS db) 7. 2 nepcrs (62. 5 db)
meters and a is attenuation in nepers. These values of attenuation agree with the results shown in reference 1. The frequency at which the total attenuation is a minimum for any fixed depth D is
J76 f = [ ~8
The table shows some repre-
sentative values for frequency f
and depth of penetration D. The values for total attenuation are optimistic, not conservative.
Frequencies different from those given will increase the total attenuation a, as will horizontal polarization. In selecting a carrier frequency for underwater vehicle control systems, the mm1mum interface-to-sea water attenuation formula should be carefully considered.'
ATTENUATION suffered by a signal passing through the air-to-water interface and penetrating to a given de11th increases with frequency. Total attenuation curves are obtained by adding penetration loss to interface loss-Fig. 5
REFERENCES
(1) Oscar No rgorden, "The Subm erg·ed Reception of Radio Frequency Signals", NRL Report No. R-1669, 2 Dec. 1940.
(2) J. A. Saxton and J. A . Lane, Electrical Properties of Sea '\Vater, (Reflection and Attenuation Characteristics at V. H. F.) . Wireless Engineer, Oct. 1952.
(3) A. R. Von Hippe!, "Dielectrics and Waves", T able 8. 1, p 22, 23, John Wiley a nd Sons, Inc., 19 54.
( 4) "Summary T echnical R eport of the Committee on Propagation", Fig. 2, p 33, NDRC, Volume 1, pub. 1946.
( 5) E. J . Hilliard Jr.. "Electromagnetic Radiation in Sea Water", USNUOS Consecutive No. 316 (First Revision), Aug. 1960.
56
electronics
refined
New! An infinitely better rectilinear writing movement, the latest achievement of Esterline Angus master craftsmen, is now available in a line of graphic instruments proven in over a halfcentury of dependable, trouble-free performance.
Simply designed, compactly sized, ruggedly constructed-it's the kind of precision rectilinear movement you'd expect from the manufacturers of instruments with the highest reliability rating in the industry. Called RECTIGraph, the movement is a close-coupled, translating mechanism with "V" jeweled pivots. It provides continuous, skip-free records with (you'll appreciate this!) a
minimum of maintenance. Calibration is lockedin. It operates dependably under adverse conditions and will not fail at crucial times.
Our complete line of rectilinear recorders is most reasonably priced, and greater and greater discounts apply as the quantity of recorders you purchase increases.
m"-" For d etailed information a nd
specifications, send today for free
.
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copy of "Rectilinear Recorders." Address: ;ESTERLINE ANGUS INSTRU-
MENT COMPANY, INC., Box 596E,
Indiananolis 6. Indiana.
veteran EA toolmaker
E xcellence in graphic recording for over 50 years-ESTERLINE ANGUS
CIRClE 57 ON READER SERVICE CARD
100 MC PRESCA&ER
SILENT POWER
for the hands of time ...
Cut production and assembly costs with Hansen SYNCHRON Clock Movements - simply mount and attach hands. Precision-built, selfstarting synchronous movements meet the most rigid requirements of clock manufacture . . · whether you're producing the daintiest bedroom or desk models, wall units for home and office, large display clocks, or programming systems. All moving parts constantly bathed in a sealed, lifetime oil supply. Perfect balance and coordination assure accuracy. (Covers or dust bands available for most models.) ·Design assistance by Hansen readily available on your construction or design problems. Special action no problem with Hansen movements for pendulum clocks, oscillating clocks, etc.
Sustained accuracy for all clocks . .. up to 26" diameter under glass ·.. front, rear, or bottom set ... 24, 110, or 220 volts ··· 25, 50, or 60 cycles
SEND TODAY for Data Sheet No . 1200, featuring new D-Type Movements os well os C-Type.
HANSEN REPRESENTATIVES: ELECTRIC MOTOR ENGINEERING, INC. Los Angeles, Calif ., Oakland, Calif. THE FROMM COMPANY Chicago, Illinois H. C. JOHNSON AGENCIES, INC. Binghamton, N.Y. Fayetteville, N.Y. Rochester, N.Y. Schenectady, N. Y. Williamsville, N.Y. WINSLOW ELECTRIC COMPANY Essex, Connecticut New York, N.Y. Philadelphia, Pa. EXPORT DEPARTMENT 15 Moore Street, Now York, N.Y.
58 CIRCLE 58 ON READER SERVICE CARD
The Model 14-40 MC Prescaler is a plug-in unit designed to work in conjunction with a Northeastern Model 14-20C Counter and counters of other manufacturers. The Model 14·40 provides a basic 10 MC Counter with a 100 MC direct counting capability. Even more important. the 14·40 provides pulse resolution of better than 10 nanoseconds. (Note that in most equipment a 100 MC count capability is not synonymous with 10 nanosecond resolution.) An additional feature is that the 14-40 extends the low frequency capability of the 14-20C from 10 cps to 0 cps. The 14-40 does not alter the accuracy specifications of the basic counter: however, it may store up to nine counts which are not read out. Input
Impedance - 50 ohms: Max. Freq . - 110 MC: Min. Freq. DC: Sensitivity - 0.2 V. RMS for sine wave, 0.5 V. peak for pulses; Max. Input Amplitude -10 V. RMS, 10 V, pulse: Pulse Resolution - 9 Nanoseconds; Min. Pulse Width - 4.5 Nanoseconds; Power Required - 4 Amperes @ 6.3 Volts RMS furnished by counter. Controls Polarity Switch - Selects plus or minus pulse input polarity; Trigger Level - Adjustable from plus to minus 10 Volts.
NOR1H EASTERN
ENGi NEERING INCORPORATED AFFILIATE OF ATLANTIC RESEARC H CORPORATION DEPT. 5A MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE
CIRCLE 201 ON READER SERVICE CARD
CIRCLE 202 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics
AIRTRONICS
electronic
products for
.... the telephone
industry ...
. ,
- ! ;,
,.
) · . ···
~!·
..'
0 .. "
Portable Test Hybrid
Simplifies cable acceptance tests and return loss meas· urements.
'.: -~
A _. . :-~·
. ' ..,.
- .~
0
Far End Terminating Set
Provides precision network termination during cable testing.
This Portable Unit brings ---8 Miles of Transmission lin
into Youc Lah_.
Pulse Meter Furnishes a convenient meth· od of measuring dial speed and percent make.
Program Equalizer Corrects Attenuation Distor· tion easily, quickly. In use by many AM and FM Broad· cast Stations.
PRECI SION NETWORKS WE 115 TYPE
BUILD OUT At-ID TERMINATING SET
PROGRAM EQUALIZEJIS
TRANSMISSION MEASURING SET e FOR DETAILED SPECIFICA· TIONS AND PRICES, CONTACT YOUR NEAREST DISTRIBUTOR OR WRITE AIRTRONICS INTER· NATIONAL CORPORATION P. O. BOX B429, FORT LAUD· ERDALE, FLORIDA.
Eliminates the Need for Leased Lines
Wherever you have a requirement for transmitting information, data, and intelli· gence this portable equipment will simulate transmission lines right in your Jab.
The standard unit simulates 8 miles of transmission line, but it can be modified for any line length required. Plug-in modular construction. Seven plug-in modules each simulate 6,000 ft. of standard telephone cable with loading coil.
The Airtronics Artificial Line meets field engineering requirements. Some time· saving, money-saving laboratory uses are for testing data transmission (offers loaded or unloaded test facility); for testing amplifier operation over telephone lines (permits actual frequency response measurement to be observed over a simulated line); for checking system gain requirements for a pre-determined frequency range; for simulating complex values of AC impedance and DC resistance as incorporated in telemetry circuit transmission; for training purposes (used excl usively by every major telephone company).
The Airtronics Artificial Line is available in 19, 22, 24 and 26 gauge.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: AUTOMATIC SALES CORPORATION /A subsidiary of General Telephone & Electronics
or Write direct . ··
6900 WEST ROAD 84 FORT LAUDERDALE, FLA. TELEPHONE LU 3·41541
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 59 ON READER SERVICE CARD 59
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Cascading Ups Parametric Amplifier Gain
Ferromagnetic parametric amplifier efficiency is also improved by method
By WILLIAM B. RIBBENS
Electrical Engineering Dept., Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor. Mi c higan
CASCADING technique promises increased gain and improved efficiency from ferromagnetic parametric amplifiers. The quasicascaded parametric amplifier could provide one of the smallest and most economical microwave amplification methods available. The new type amplifier also offers a relatively simple and rugged design that promises good reliability.
Power amplification in the quasicascaded parametric amplifier is increased by properly supplying energy to a second stage of gain. Probably the most convenient device for cascading using this method is the ferromagnetic amplifier. This amplifier requires only a microwave cavity, a sample of ferromagnetic material, a d-c magnetic field and a power source at the eavity resonant frequency. The ferromagnetic material, suitably positioned in the cavity of the ferromagnetic amplifier, can also be used as the extra stage in the quasicascaded parametric amplifier.
AMPLIFICATION-An equivalent circuit for a parametric amplifier is a pair of parallel resonant circuits coupled by a time-varying reactance driven by a sinusoidal source or pump. The pump must exceed a threshold and pump frequency must be the sum of the resonant frequencies of the tuned circuits. Power s upplied to one of the tuned circuits (signal circuit) at resonance is amplified because a negative conductance is reflected across the signal circuit at resonance. When magnitude of the negative conductance exceeds conductance in the signal circuit, input
SI GNAL t - - - - - i 1 - - - - - + FREQUENCY
W5
IDL ER ;----lf-----fFREQUENCY
wi
SU BSIDI ARY IDLER t----~ii------+ wFR.· EOU ENCY
I
Gn NARROW-BAND ideal bandpass filters for signal, idler and subsidiary idler frequencies ar e represented by boxes in equivalent circuit -Fig. 1
impedance becomes a negative conductance.
If the time-varying reactance is a capacitor, magnitude of the re-
= flected conductance is G C.2w,w ,
/GT ,, where C, is magnitude of timedependent part of the capacitance, "'· is signal frequency, "'' is frequency of second tuned circuit (idler circuit) and GT, is loss conductance of the idler circuit.
For quasicascading, another circuit (subsidiary idler) is coupled through a second time-varying reactance to the idler, which now becomes the signal circuit for the second parametric amplifier. Power into the idler circuit at its resonant frequency is amplified. In the equivalent circuit in Fig. 1, the subsidiary idler reflects a negative conductance through the coupling ca-
pacitor to the idler circuit, lowering loss conductance of the idler circuit. Because the negative conductance reflected to the signal circuit is inversely proportional to the loss conductance of the idler, a larger negative conductance is reflected to the signal circuit. As this negative conductance increases, power gain increases until the circuit becomes unstable.
Magnitude of the larger conduc-
= tance is G, c .,·w,w,/[GT. - (C,,"
w,w.'/GT, )], where, in terms of the
= equivalent circuit in Fig. 1, Ca = C·· + C., sin (w··t + cf>, ) C·· +
C., sin (w.,t + q,. ), in which "'·· is
pump frequency for signal-idler pair, "'·· is pump frequency for idler-subsidiary idler pair, GT" GT· and GT, are loss conductances of signal, idler and subsidiary idler, re-
spectively, and q,. and .p. are the
phases of the two pump signals. Phase relationships have no effect on gain in this amplifier.
EFFICIENCY-For any particular value of power gain, the cascaded amplifier requires less power to operate than the uncascaded amplifier. In fact, if pump frequency for the idler-subsidiary idler pair is the second harmonic of pump frequency of the signal-idler pair, operating power can be made about half that of the uncascaded amplifier. This rough estimate depends on efficiency of the coupling capacitors but is a reasonable expectation for proper adjustment. For microwave amplifiers in which a cavity is used, the second harmonic of the pump is most convenient for the second pump.
A practical cascaded amplifier must consist of a device having three mutually coupled resonant circuits, and the ferromagnetic amplifier is such a device. It uses a small yttrium iron ga rnet sample in a cavity that has many natural modes of oscillation of the sample magnetization. The sample must be placed in a large d-c magnetic field that is directed along the static
60
electronics
FOR THIN FILM RESEARCH APPLICATIONS
VERSATILE
LE
VAPOR
SOURCE
©
''SPEEDlf'!ldJ@''
1 MULTIPLE VAPOR SOURCES 2 ROTATING WORK HOLDER 3 SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE THERMOCOUPLE 4 SUBSTRATE HEATER (not shown) 5 SPUTTERI NG CATHODES 6 FILM THICKNESS MONITOR 7 ION BOMBARDMENT CLEANING
9 CIRCULATING LIQUID NITROGEN TRAP
FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION ON EACH OF THESE SPECIFIC MODELS
WRITE FOR BULLETIN E321 - 8.
VACUUM COATING UNIT
The versatile model 19E6 production unit for evaporated micro-circuits, resistors, and capacitors features fast pump downtime and selection of accessories for almost any evaporation job. The proven Edwards design principles incorporated in this series assures fast, reliable evacuation and many years of dependable operation.
In addition to the many accessories included as standard items such as stainless steel bell jar, viton gaskets, motor driven rotary work holders, multiple vapor sources, substrate heaters; optional accessories such as electron bombarded vapor sources, circulating LN2 traps and film thickness monitoring are provided. Special jigs for the production of micro-circuitry and coated tubular resistors can also be provided to fit this highly versatile coater.
Four separate models make up the 19E series, each using a pumping system, power supply, cabinet and instrumenta· tion common to all.
EDWARDS HIGH VACUUM INC./ 3279 GRAND ISLAND BLVD ., GRAND ISLAND, N.Y.
MANUFACTURERS OF THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF HIGH VACUUM COMPO NENTS AND SYS TEMS
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 61 ON READER SERVICE CARD 61
Unique thumb-wheel operation and in-line readout permit ease of setting even under severe field conditions. Sealed switch modules and environ· ment·proof case make these Ratio Boxes ideal for rigorous GSE and commercial applications. In addition to high readability and accuracy in minimum space, they provide previously unavailable design and performance features:
· Four digit in-line readout · Ratio range to 1.1110
· Accuracy 10 ppm · Frequency range to 10 kc
· Series impedance as low as 0.8 ohm · No switching transients · Splash and drip-proof design · Meets rugged MIL requirements
MOUNTS THREE WAYS
~ rr-1, 4 front mount
.... ___J
pane 1
-------i
3¥,," x 2 7/," panel space
£...-J~~~J
rear mount
flange mount also available
For complete data, write today for Bulletin RB520/521
NOR.TH AT~;:~::.~~
TERMINAL DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, l.1., NEW YORK Telephone : DVerbrook 1·8600
magnetic moment. The resonant frequency of the modes depends on the strength of the d-c field.
The unloaded Q of the modes is large, and the fields associated with them are such that energy can be conveniently coupled into particular modes. Coupling to certain modes can be accomplished by a loop of wire around the sample. If the loop terminates a coaxial transmission line into which energy is fed at the resonant frequency of a mode, energy is coupled to this mode. The amount of coupling can be controlled by the proximity of the loop to the sample.
MODE COUPLING-The relationship of these modes to a parametric amplifier comes from two of their essential features: they are energy storage resonant modes; they can be coupled together by an r-f magnetic field of sufficient intensity and correct frequency. The r-f magnetic field is the pump for parametric amplification. Its frequency must equal the sum of the resonant frequencies of the two modes it is to couple, and it mu st exceed a threshold. Thus, if the sample is placed in a cavity so that it is properly biased with a d-c magnetic field and so that the r-f magnetic field is maximum, energy can be coupled into one of the modes at its resonant frequency and amplified. The most efficient coupling of the modes occurs with the r-f magnetic field directed along the sample static moment.1
Only certain modes can be coupled together with less than infinite pump power. These modes are characterized2 by a set of three integers (n, m, p) . For coupling a
pair of modes (n,, m,., p, and n., m,,
p,) , n, and n. must be both even or both odd and m, must equal -m2·
Curves of resonant frequencies of various modes plotted against d-c biasing field· enables a pair of modes to be located that can be coupled. This technique can also be used to locate a set of three
modes (n,, m,, p, ; n,, m, p , ; n., m.,
p,) to build a cascaded amplifier. In
these modes, n,, n. and n. must be
all either odd or even and m, mu~t equal -m. and m.. If the modes selected satisfy these conditions, coupling can exist between modes 1 and 2 and modes 2 and 3 but not between modes 1 and 3 since m1
D
PUMP SOURCES
r----'--~ MAGN ET
D
LOAD
SIGN AL
SOURCE
MI CROWAVE setup includes loinpass filter to keep pump power from load in ferromagnetic amplifierFig. 2
does not equal -m.. If the appro-
priate r-f fields at the respective pump frequencies are present, the equivalent circuit for the arrangement is that in Fig. 1.
When a set of modes has been selected, curves of resonant frequency versus d-c magneti c field are plotted for each mode. One mode must be chosen as the signal mode, another as the idler and the third as the subsidiary idler. By superposing the field frequency curves, a value of d-c magnetic field and a pump frequency are selected
= = + + so that w, w , wv and w, w,'
2w,.
CONSTRUCTION - The cavity must resonate at w. and ·2w. with a large Q at both frequencies. The sample can be mounted in a quartz tube, which is separated from the cavity wall by a Teflon post.1 The coaxial through which the input is fed can be terminated in a loop surrounding the quartz tube at the sample location. Thickness of the quartz tube can control coupling of the signal mode.
In the general microwave circu it in Fig. 2, the low-pass filter is adjusted to keep pump power out of the load, which is relatively easy if modes with resonant frequen cies near w,,/2 are selected for signal and idler. Such modes also require the lowest pump power for amplification.
The second pump harmonic can be generated by a ferrite doubler. When amplitudes of the pump fundamental and second harmonic can be controlled individually, amplifier operation can be controlled by ad-
62 CIRCLE 62 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
(advertisement)
justing relative pump power at w. and 2w.. Usually operation is most efficient using minimum power at w·. Amplifier gain can be controlled by varying power at 2ww
Cascading should enable gain of ferromagnetic amplifiers to be improved materially. Alternatively, the cascading technique should improve operating efficiency at a particular level of gain.
REFERENCES
(1) R. D e nto n, J Appl Phys, 32, p 3 00, 19 Gl.
(2) R. L . W a lke r , Phys R ev , 105, p 390, 19 5 7.
( 3 ) P . C. Fl e tc h e r a nd R. 0 . Bell, J. Appl Phys , 30, p 687, May 195 :'.
High-Capacitance,
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When You Need
Computer Power Supplies ELECTRIC WAVE FILTERS
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VOE LIVERY
VRELIABILITY
Accuracy Is Improved in Vidicon Bandwidth Tests
By J. PIRKLE
Surface Communications Div. Radio Corp. of America, Camden, N. J.
BANDWIDTH of vidicon cameras can be measured by a method that is both convenient and accurate. The technique eliminates variations in results by isolating the test signal source from the load.
In normal operation, the mesh of the vidicon is at a-c ground potential and is therefore in parallel with the target load. If an impedance, Z, is assumed for the load, the transfer circuit can be represented as in Fig. lA, where V, is target signal voltage, i(s) is target signal current, c, is target-to-mesh capacitance and Z is target load, for which
V 0 = i (.s )Z / (jwc1 Z+l)
( 1)
Bandwidth is measured conven-
tionally by substituting a constant-
current signal source for i (s). How-
r.--:-¢
(A)
vm- -----®-z. ------·Vo
(8)
SOURCE of constant current (A) can be r eplaced by voltage source (B) applied through target-to-mesh capacitance-Fig. 1
S eptember 14, 1962
The Sprague Electric Company offers two series of "block-buster" electrolytic capacitors for use in digital power supplies and allied applications requiring extremely large values of capacitance in relatively small physical size.
With metal cases ranging from 1% " dia. x 2Ys" long to 3" dia. x 4%" long, Type 360 Powerlytic® Capacitors pack the highest capacitance values available in these case sizes. Intended for operation at temperatures to 65 C, their maximum capacitance values range from
150,000 µF at 3 volts to 1000 µF at 450 volts.
Where 85 C operation is a factor, Sprague offers the Type 320 Compulytic® Series, the ultimate in reliable long-life electrolytic capacitors for digital service. These remarkably trouble-free units have maximum capacitance values ranging from 130,000 µF at 2.5 volts to 630 µF at 450 volts.
Both 320 and 360 Capacitors have low equivalent series resistance and low leakage currents, as well as excellent shelf life and high ripple current capability.
Tapped terminal inserts, often preferred for strap or bus bar connections, are available as well as solder lug terminals for use with permanently wired connections.
In addition to the standard bare case, either series may also be obtained with a new clear rigid plastic tube which adds very little to the bare case dimensions. They are also available with a Kraftboard tube.
For complete technical data on Type 360 Powerlytics, write for Engineering Bulletin 3431. For the full story on the "blue ribbon" Type 320 Series, write for Engineering Bulletin 3441B to the Technical Literature Section, Sprague Electric Company, 35 Marshall Street, North Adams, Massachusetts.
Sprague Electric Wave Filters for use in telemetry, telephony, and various types of communications systems and laboratory equipment which require selection and/or rejection of specific frequencies are now being designed by Modern Network Synthesis, wh ich assures exact matching of wave filter characteristics to application requirements for Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, and Band Rejection filters.
~~ Ora.wing oi:i Sprague's long .,,. experience m component manufacture, wave filter en-
gineers are able to employ capacitor, inductor and resistor production facilities for particular sizes, shapes, and materials best suited for specific filter applications. Un like most filter manufacturers, Sprague is not dependent upon other component suppliers, therefore faste r de! iveries can be provided .
To further Sprague capabili ties, wave filter design and field engineering offices as well as pilot production facilities are maintained in North Adams, Mass.; Vandalia, Ohio; and Los Angeles, Calif. Specialized mass production facilities are located at Visalia, Calif. and North Adams.
For additional information on Sprague Electric Wave Filters, write for Engineering Bulletin 46000 to Technical Literature Section, Sprague Electric Company, 35 Marshall Street, North Adams, Massachusetts.
CIRCLE 203 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 63 ON READER SERVICE CARD 63
SIGNAL GENERATOR
DUAL TRACE OSCILLOS COPE
Since forced-air-cooled tubes were first introduced, equipment manufacturers have been designing their own supports, many of which have been produced by Lapp. To standardize the great variety of tube support designs, Lapp set out to design a complete line which is now available and offers the equipment manufacturer a valuable service by way of more economical production, interchangeability and availability of replacement units. Lapp Tube Supports are compact, efficient and attractive in appearance. Their duty is threefold ... they support the tubes, insulate, and furnish an air duct which channels air over tube fins for maximum cooling. Write for Bulletin 301, with complete description and specification data. Lapp Insulator Co., Inc., Radio Specialties Division, 196 Sumner Street, LeRoy, New York.
64 CIRCLE 64 ON READER SERVICE CARD
,--- ------- -,
:
VIDICON
AMPLIF IER
:
L _ _ CAMERA~D~ CIR~T~ _ _ _J
SETUP for measuring vidicon bandwidth is both convenient and accurate-Fig. 2
ever, applying this source to the load invariably disturbs stray capacitance, thereby modifying results. An alternate method is to connect a voltage signal source at
c,, which isolates the load from the
source. If test signal voltage V ,., is applied to the mesh with the socket removed, the transfer functions is as shown in Fig. lB, for which
+ V 0 = V m jwc,Z / (jwc 1 Z 1) (2)
Equating Eq. 1 and 2 for the required function of (V.,) to simulate i(s) results in
i(s)Z/(jwc,Z + 1) = V ...iwc,Z/ (.iwc,Z + 1), which solved gives
Y ,,, = i (s)/j wc ,
(3 )
Eq. 3 indicates that if i (s) is
constant, (V.,.) must vary inversely with frequency. If (V,..) is derived
across the capacitor of a series R-C
circuit from voltage source (V,),
vm = l 'u/ (jwRC+ 1) "" Y . / jwRC (.Jc)
(for w>4/ RC)
Substituting Eq. 4 into Eq. 3 and
rearranging:
i (s) = T"0 (ct / RC')
Thus a true constant-current signal source can be simulated by using the target-to-mesh interelectrode capacitance for signal insertion. The setup for this measurement is shown in Fig. 2. If c, is
= assumed to be 3 µ.µ.f, i(s) (mµ.a) 5 v ·.
Selective Sensors May Spot Enemy Missiles
ENEMY missile detector is one likely application of property sensing cells under development at Armour Research Foundation. Patterned on selective animal vision systems, these single function cells-by filtering out extraneous data at their
electron ics
source-reduce bandwidth and simplify signal processing.
Cadmium sufide contrast detector cells deliver an output only when they are nonuniformly illuminated. They deliver no output when illumination remains uniform or overall illumination is changed. Contrast-consciousness could be useful in identifying enemy missiles or industrial complexes during satellite reconnaissance orbits.
Sensor cells as small as 0.5 by 0.5 mm can be formed into a sequentially scanned mosaic retina, according to preliminary work at the microelectronics lab. A single cell in this retinal array of edge detectors, detecting an enemy missile in flight as a nonuniform signal, could provide the earliest possible automatic warning of the potential threat. Industrial buildings, factories, streets and lots yielding nonuniform responses would trigger more detailed scanning, and recording equipment would be energized only when an industrial area was in view.
BACKGROUNDS - One critical problem in airborne satellite threat detection has been nonuniform backgrounds of earth and clouds. Sensitivity thresholds could be set so that only the borders of broad areas of homogeneous terrain would elicit a response. The system can also be arranged so illuminated cell outputs are suppressed when a cell cluster indicates large objects.
Greatest current effort in the investigations of property-sensing cells is aimed at developing multiple-output sensors, which yield a signal when several conditions are satisfied, such as from alphanumeric type images. Multiple electrodes have been arranged on a photosensitive material. Each character is then centered on this sensor, and impedance measurements are made between adjacent electrodes. Mathematical analyses of vector distances, inner products and cross c o r r e I a t i o n s determine whether these readings can differentiate each character.
Future investigations are planned in which the size, orientations and fonts of characters will be varied. Ultimate goal is an electrode configuration and a mathematical measuring technique to assure recognition despite misalignments.
September 14, 1962
New Improve
FLEXIBLE
Hygrade Polytube, "Queen of the B's" among Class B sleevings, is now even better. IJs braided fiberglass base is coated with newly· formulated resins which impart the flexibility and dielectric dependability usually found only in vinyl coated sleeving, together with improved thermal stability, oil and chemical resistance, and compatibility with other insulations. It is non·thermoplastic, exhibiting good cut·through resistance, and excellent abrasion resistance (tested to MIL·T·5438). Polytube performs to HEMA VS·l and MIL·1·3190B, and is rated for
continuous use from -45 °C (brittle point) to
130°C. It is made in all standard colors, in Grades A, B, C·1, C·2, and C-3.
WITH THE
/f.u!JWil{ OF VINYLS AND THE.
fj)mpgjj};Wil{
OF ACRYLICS
For test samples; data and prices, make a Bee-Line to L. Frank Markel & Sons Norristown, Pennsylvania
SOURCE for EXCELLENCE in
Insulating Tubings and Sleevings High Temperature Wire and Cable
CIRCLE 65 ON READER SERVICE CARD 65
-_.
-
= r
----~
.-
Explorers
An idea in the mind of man ... that's where every achievement in the world begins. Peer into the minds of Lockheed Scientists and Engineers. There you see
1I n
ideas in the making-ideas that some day will take on form and substance. Not all, of course. Some are too
the shape
"far out." But, no matter how visionary, all ideas win serious attention.
of things to come
As a result, this freedom of imagination has led to many distinguished accomplishments at Lockheed. And the future holds still more. For, among Lockheed's ever-expanding programs are: Spacecraft; Satellites; Man-in:Space Studies; Hypersonic Manned Aircraft;
Advanced Helicopter Design; Sophisticated ASW
and Ocean Systems.
Scientists and Engineers who thrive in an atmosphere of freedom; whose creative processes flourish through
exchange of ideas; who relish exploring the unexplored-to such men we say: Lockheed has a place
for you. For example: In Human Factors; Electronics Research; Thermodynamics; Guidance and Control; Stress;
Servosystems; Reliabi Iity; Dynamics; Manufacturing Engineering; Astrophysics; Astrodynamics; Advanced
Systems Planning; RF Equipment Engineering; Bioastronautics and Space Medicine; Weapons Effects;
Aerophysics; Digital Communications; Antennas and Propagation Engineering; Tracking, Telemetry and Command
Engineering; Communications Analysis. Send resume to: Mr. E.W. Des Lauriers, Manager Professional
Placement Staff, Dept. 1509, 2408 N. Hollywood Way, Burbank, California. An equal opportunity employer.
LOCKHEED
CALIFORNIA COMPANY
A DIVISION OF LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
66
electronics
~
TKK INDUSTRIAL MOTORS
Lowest Drain, Minimum Noise, Longest Life - at Low Cost
RM-170T
FM-250 R
FM-250 N
APPLICATIONS
* Tape-recorders * Record·players
*Clocks * Shavers
* Music Boxes
* Cinecameras
* Turntables * Automations
* Other Appliances
type RM-170T models RM-170 S models RM-170 SC models FM-2SON models FM-250 R models
voltage (D.C.) 1.S- 3.0 V 1.S- 6.0 V
3.0-12 v
1.S-4.S V 1.S- 6.0 V
large orders executed reliably and on schedule by the world's
largest factory specializing in D.C. magnetic low current motors
(Output: up to 2! million units per month!) Your detailed
inquiry is invited - your satisfaction guaranteed.
MABUCHI SHOJI K.K.
37, Kabuto-cho 2-chome, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan C.P.O. Box 1084, Tokyo Cables: "NIHONKAKOCO TOKYO"
CIRCLE 204 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Are you a
COMPLETELY INFORMED
electronics engineer?
~Oett to 7)~ ENCAPSULATED TRANSFORMERS
For certain applications, encapsulated transformers have distinct advantages over conventional designs. Physical design need not be limited to enclosing cases, thus engineering innovations can often be incorporated to improve performance, weight and size. Knowing how to take advantage of these factors, plus many years of experience in creating and producing hundreds of encapsulated transformers, is the service we offer
· ·· · ·· e to any new or present customer.
·····
·· ·
Today you may be working in microwaves. But on what project will you be working tomorrow? You could have read electronics this past year and kept abreast of, say, microwave technology. There were 96 individual microwave articles between July, 1961 and June, 1962! But suppose tomorrow you work in some area of standard electronic components, in semiconductors, in systems? Would you be up-to-date in these technologies? Did you read the more than 3,000 . editorial pages that electronics' 28-man editorial staff prepared last year? electronics is edited to keep you current wherever you work in the industry, whatever your job function (s). If you do not have your own copy of electronics, subscribe today via the Reader Service Card in this issue. Only 71/2 cents a copy at the 3 year rate.
electronics
September 14, 1962
ACME ELECTRIC CORPORATION
3 1 9 WATER STREET · CUB A, NEW Y 0 R K In .Canada: Acme Electric Corp. Ltd., 50 Northline Rd., Toronto, Ont.
SAA /3557·2002 A
CIRCLE 67 ON READER SERVICE CARD 67
COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS
New Approach to Electroluminescent Displays
LONG FLAT strip of fine parallel wires, mated to substrate, overcomes major electroluminescent panel obstacle: How to make hundreds of electrical connections to panel and simplify wiring to electronic circuit
Solving optical problems common to high-resolution flying-spot scanners
By P. F. EV ANS, C. G. COOK D.R. REED
Astronautics Products Dept. Kearfott Di v ision, General Precision, Inc., Little Falls, N. Y.
COORDINATE PANEL has been made to the exacting needs of an operational electrooptical device.
Elc:::troluminescent light sources can be constructed by evaporating conductive lines on a substrate, depositing a resin-embedded phosphor over the lines, and finally laying down a set of transparent conductive lines at right angles to the first set. Hence a grid pattern is created with a potential light source at each intersection.
If a voltage is applied to each of two intersecting lines, light is generated at the intersection. By ap-
plying the electric field sequentially to appropriate external terminals, the visible spot can be made to progress across the panel, producing a raster scan.
Dynamic information is displayed on electroluminescent panels. When used as a navigational or tactical plotting board, a moving pattern of light shows direction of motion and rate of speed. Actually any information that can be plotted on graph paper can be displayed.
Various low and medium resolution electroluminescent panels were being manufactured at the start of this program; but high-resolution panels with 90,000 elements per sq in. were not available either commercially or on special order.
Although other considerations were involved, the greatest obstacle to high resolution was that of making 300 electrical connections per inch on each of the substrates. The problem of making many connections to fine, tightly space lines was sidestepped by a new approach.
Instead of evaporating lines on the substrate, a process was developed whereby a long flat strip of fine, parallel wires could be mated to the substrate. Thus the wires which were external to the coordinate area could be separated and easily connected to the electronic circuit used to provide the raster scan.
A fiat strip of parallel wires is made by passing No. 41 wire through a guiding device and winding it on a mandrel. After winding the wire tightly, a bonding coating is applied and allowed to harden. The bonded wires are then slit and removed from the mandrel, forming a sheet of parallel, insulated conductors. Ordinary wire is not suitable for the transparent matrix, and special wire is made by coating glass filaments with a transparent conductive substance and a transparent insulation.
Phosphors were not only evaluated for brightness and discrimination ratio, and had to be tested in the end-use configuration and embedment, as well as energized by pulses appropriate to the end use.
EVALUATING PARAMETERSA dual trace oscilloscope technique displaying both voltage and the emitted light waveforms was used to evaluate the effect of changes in various parameters on the light output produced at each coordinate intersection.
The e x p e r i m e n t a 1 panel is mounted on an optical bench and a lens is used to produce a magnified image of the panel at the aperture of a photometer. Magnifying the image of the panel made it possible to use a larger aperture at the photometer, E:liminating the need for an accurately made 0.0033 square inch reticule.
Output of the photometer is coupled to a dual trace oscilloscope so that both the electrical excitation of the panel and the resultant light output can be observed simultane. ously. Photographs made with a Polaroid camera provide a perm::t-
68
electronics
(/
'·vf..:; ·.·
\
I:
I ,
This new Electrometer is fifteen years old.
The new Veeco EL-1 Electrometer has been reviewed, refined, and updated for over fifteen years. That's how long these sensitive, high impedance micro-microammeters have been in Veeco's renowned Leak Detectors. Now, the EL-1 is available for design into your equipment or for your use as a separate current measuring device.
The outstanding features of the EL-1 are its two remote interchangeable probes, measuring currents at the signal source. Probe "A" (pictured above) preamplifies and measures cur-
rents in the range 1 x 10-10 ampere to 2 x 10-15 ampere. Probe "B" measures currents from 1 x 10-4 ampere to 2 x 10-13 ampere. Thus, total current measurement of the EL-1 is from 1 x 10-4 ampere to 2 x 10-15 ampere over a twelve decade range. Noise distortion is minimal. Operation is simple.
All the performance-tested quality you have come to expect from Veeco is yours in the new EL-1 Electrometer.
Heard of anyone else who tests a new product for fifteen years?
VACO OM-ELECTRONICS CORP. /IL-;;;;..
TERMINAi. DRIVE, Pl.AINVIEW, I.ONG ISi.ANO, NEW YORK
~
CIRCLE 69 ON READER SERVICE CARD
SHIELD
your cables from Radio
Frequency Interference
with ZIPPERTUBING...
instant jacketing for all applications.
ZIPPERTUBING shields and jackets cables in a single, easy, economical operation. Available in a wide range of materials to meet extreme RFI and environmental conditions, including abrasion , extreme heat and cold.
Send for our free catalog and take advantage of our confidential consultation and design service.
INSTANT JACKETING FOR I ALL APPLICATIONS
EVEN AFTER ASSEMBLY COMPLETED
PAT. AND PAT. APP. FOR
rnE Zippertubin~ co.
Main Office and Plant: 13000 S. Broadway, Los Angeles 61, Cal. · FA 1-3901
Eastern Office and Warehouse: 470 U. S. Hwy. 46, S. Hackensack, N. J. · HU 7-6261
nent record of test results. Shift register normally used for
panel testing produces pulses which are 850 volts peak to peak, and the peak brightness of the light produced is usually between 300 and 400 foot lamberts. This value represents the brightness of a single spot and is contained within an area of slightly less than 20 millionths of a square inch.
Although the peak brightness of a single spot is quite high, the light appears for less than one tenthousandths of a second and a single flash in invisible to the eye. A spot on the coordinate panel would have to be pulsed 2.5 times for each cycle of a Westinghouse Nightlite lamp for the eye to see a continuous average brightness of two foot lamberts.
The small size of the spot would make even a brightness of two foot lamberts difficult to see. To simplify testing, each spot is pulsed 1,000 times per second to produce a sufficient average br' ghtness for visual alignment.
EYE LIMITS-A resolution of 300 lines per inch is too high for the human eye at normal reading distance, although it is ideal for applications where optical systems are used. However, by ganging conductors at the panel's edges, the resolution can be lowered to within the eye's limit. Ganging two conductors gives 150 lines per inch, ganging three gives 100, and so on. Switching can be used to vary the ganging and thus give the panel a variable resolution capability.
Connections for power and signals can be remote. There is little limitation in size, large or small, that a display panel can h'ave. Even ctlrved or flexible panels can be fabricated for special applications. Storage matrices can be built into the panel by using laminations.
With a given configuration, variations of electrical excitation also affects the light output characteristics. In general, higher voltage increases brightness. Higher frequency will also increase brightness, but tends to shift the emitted color to a lower wave length. Similarly, square wave and shapedpulse excitation have been shown to affect mainly brightness, rise and decay time, and emitted color in complex ways.
Preparation of the phosphor screen contributes another element in control of light output. Phosphor screens are deposited in panels by using a precision Gardner blade. Thin layers, typically one mil thick, are deposited over a copper wire matrix. A second layer is deposited to adhere the conductive glass filaments to the screen.
Microwatt Counter For Space Computer
MICROWA TT counter stage dimensions are 100 X 200 X 5 mils
THIN-FILM technology for passive components and the usual surface passivated planar technology have been combined both in and on the same wafer with the development of a new microelectronic counter stage that operates at a supply power level of less than three microwatts.
The heavily oxidized silicon surface of the wafer serves as the substrate for vacuum deposited metal resistors. Concept of microwatt microelectronics was formulated by W. W. Gartner, M. Schuller, C. Heizman and C. Levy, all of CBS laboratories. The new counter is now being incorporated into NASA systems.
Counter consumes 10 microwatts d-c at 0.75 volts and operates between -50 and 100 C. Pul:ae repetition rate is 10 Kc.
Bent Wire Retains Superconductivity
NIOBIUM-TIN wire can now be processed so that normal mechanical bending does not impair its superconductivity or almost zero resistance to the flow of current at very low temperatures.
Niobium-tin has the highest transition temperature-the point at which the material starts supercon-
70 CIRCLE 70 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
on as many as 16 channels
I
with the new, economical
DACORD ...
Multi-channel Magnetic Tape Recording System
DACORD systems offer 2-16 channels for simultaneous record/ playback of data, comments, etc. Each channel has its own inte1ral monitoring oscilloscope for selectable monitoring and adjustment of signals.
DACORD also features Input offset control for maximum
sensitivity . Wide range of input compatibility . System is entirely line operated . Fixed or variable bandwidths from
DC to 4K<! . (H 1gher frequen. c1es on special order.) Modular design for easy expan·
SIOfl.
Broad line of accessory equip · ment.
For technical and application information
Write for free bulletin "DATA ON DACORD"
Di Electro-Medi-Dy_ne Inc. GO BAITING PLACE ROAO FARMINGDALE, N . Y. CIRCLE 205 ON READER SERVICE CARD
September 14, 1962
ducting-of any material so far investigated. It becomes superconducting at 18 deg Kelvin ( -255 deg C). However after bending, superconductivity has been lost. Processing methods developed by Materials Research Corporation retained all current carrying capacity of the niobium-tin.
Testing performed at NASA laboratories in Cleveland recently showed that the processed niobiumtin, before bending, carried 200,000 amperes per square centimeter at an applied field of 100,000 gauss. After bending around a ~-in . radius, the material had the same current response to the field.
Most immediate application of this material is in winding for magnets. Solution of the superconductivity problem opens the door to many other applications for niobium-tin. Work on this project is being conducted under an 18 month U. S. Air Force contract awarded to Materials Research Corporation of Orangeburg, N. Y. for the establishment of a pilot production facility.
Tin-Coated Wire Tests
At Subzero Temperatures
RESULTS OF EXPOSURE of tin-coated wire to temperatures of -40 F to -67 degrees F for periods up to five years were described by Jack Spergel, U. S. Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory at this year's Symposium on Soldering held by the American Society for Testing and Materials in New York City.
Transformation of tin at subzero temperatures from a white solid metal to a gray powder has been known but the concern for this problem has grown recently due to the expanded use of electronics in arctic regions. The complexity of modern electronic equipment has increased the quantity of wiring and components with tin coatings susceptible to transformation. The presence of gray tin powder in electronic equipment may produce a permanent failure or improper performance.
Observations of the tin-coated wire exposure tests disclosed no transformation of white tin to gray tin powder in hot-dip tinned wire,
This new brochure ... outlines all the f eatures of Veeco's new EL-1 Electrometer, the unique dualprobe instrument that does the work of two. Learn how and why the EL-1 is capable of measuring currents in the broad range of lxlQ-4 ampere to 2xlo-us ampere. Charts, detailed specifications, and suggested applications are included in this brochure. Write
for your copy today.
VACUUM-
ELECTRONICS CORP. ~
TERMINAL DRIVE
@
PLAINVIEW.
LONG ISLAND, N. Y,
CIRCLE 71 ON READER SERVICE CARD 71
ALL NEW
from Ingersoll Products
EmeorH MODULAR ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
whereas numerous transformations were exhibited in electroplated tinned wire. Transformation in some cases occurred within three months at a temperature of -40 deg. An effective measure in preventing transformation was found to be co-deposition of antimony with the tin.
Phototube Used For Short Flash Observation
30
<f)
aw : w ~ 20
<t
_J
_J
:E 10
CET RON XR798 RCA 929
PEAK LIGHT 70,000 LU MENS/ FT 2
XENON FLASH
100 200 300 400 500
VOLTS
VOLT-AMPERE characteristics of close-anode XR-798 phototube, and 929 phototube, with a peak light of 7 X daylight or 70,000 lumens per square foot. Area of 929 is 0.0035 square foot. Light on cathode is 295 lumens-Fig. 1
DESIGNED TO STIMULATE YOUR IMAGINEERING!
EMCOR II Modular Enclosure System provides an exclusive combination of appearance and structural features for distinct, individualized customer identity. Recessed; flush or extended panel mountings; choice of aluminum trim or grillwork extrusions, an assortment of customer nameplate styles, double width frames, pontoon bases and side panels, .multi-function enclosures; superior structural strength second to none; externally removable side panels; 1%" pull-out Work Writing Surfaces plus many more features designed to stimulate your imagineering. Your investigation of the EMCOR II Line will be rewarded by virtually unlimited application possibilities.
A FEW OF THE MANY ENCLOSURE STYLES TO MEET
YOUR INDIVIDUALIZED NEEDS
£-·· Vttlieal Rack Sloped Fronl Enclosurt
Cqulpmenl Enclosure
Extended Arm Enclosure
Turret f.nefosurt
Otsk·Type Consoi. (tnclosures below work wrmnc surlact can be wait-mounted)
Request New EMCOR II Literature
t!m ~~~~n~~~~~w!:n~~C~r~o~a!~ lilm
EMCOR -The Original Modular Enclosure System By
ij;i-!.li!iff 1000 W . 120th ST. · DEPT. 1242 · CHICAGO 43, U..L.
BORG-WARNER®
VISIT US AT THE NEC SHOW OCTOBER 8-10-BOOTH 1003
72 CIRCLE 72 ON READER SERVICE CARD
By HAROLD E. EDGERTON
PAUL W. JAMESON
Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusett°s Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
ACCURATE MEASUREMENT of short pulses of light requires certain circuit conditions as discussed by Edgerton and Shaffner.' A typical circuit might consist, for example, of a 929 phototube with a 100 ohm load resistor, giving a circuit time constant of 0.015 microseconds. To get a peak output of 3 volts from this circuit requires an applied voltage of 300 volts.
It occurred to one of us that a closer spacing between the anode and cathode might enable the circuit to produce the same output voltage and current with a much lower total applied voltage.
Two sample tubes made by the Cetron Electronic Corporation of Geneva, Illinois show that a plate voltage of 100 v, instead of 300 v, is needed to produce a similar signal to that of the 929.
Figure 1 shows the transient volt-ampere characteristics of the
electronics
Chemu.::a1 a·1v.1s.10n
~m
a:lcamPAHY
Heat Fluxes (150-500 watts/in:) no problem
when FC·75 cools components!
Using Inert Fluorochemical Liquid FC-75 as a heat transfer medium for cooling electronic gear, designers can practically eliminate hot-spot problems. Heat fluxes-from 150 to 500 watts per square inch, for example-can be handled by this coolant with minimal changes in temperature of components.
FC-75's low boiling point (214°F) permits a high heat transfer rate by evaporation, as illustrated above. Hot spots in a component part attain a temperature above the boiling point of the FC-75, then remain relatively constant. Because of the rapid transfer of heat from the component by the boiling FC-75, burn-out dangers are minimized.
FC-75, as well as its companion product FC-43, are at their best when equipment is specifically designed around their remarkable cooling abilities. FC-75 can remove up to 10 times more heat than such coolants as transformer oil. Thus new designs using FC-75 can drastically reduce the size of electronic units. Design space-savings up to a factor of six have been achieved.
FC-75 is stable up to 750°F and is completely compatible with most materials. It is non-explosive, non-flammable, non-toxic, odorless, and non-corrosive. Unimpaired by arcing, it heals itself in either the liquid or vapor state. Because of its thermal stability, no sludges are formed. Write for further information, and for specific application details.
31!! IDINNESOTA IDINING E. mANUFACTURING ca.
September 14, 1962
on 3M Brand Inert Liquids FC-75 and FC-43
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Electrical Strength
Dielectric Co~stant (1to40 KC @ 75°F)
Dissipation Factor (1000 cycles)
FC -75 35KV
FC -43 35KV
1.86 1.86 <0.0005 <0.0005
TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
FC-75 FC-43
Pour Point
<- l00°F - 58°F
Boiling Point
212°F 340°F
Density
1.77
1.88
Surface Tension
(77°F) (dynes/cm) 15
16
Viscosity Centistokes (77°F) 0.65 Min. 2.74
Thermal Stability 750°F 600°F
Chemical Stability Inert Inert
Radiation Resistance 253 253 change @ change @ 1 x 108 1 x 108 rads rads
For more information on FC- 75 and FC-43, write today, stating area of interest to: 3M Chem-
ical Division, Dept. KAX-92, St. Paul 1, Minn.
CIRCLE 73 ON READER SERVICE CARD 73
Gertsch General Purpose RatioTran ®
NOW... A LOW-COST AC INDUCTIVE
VOLTAGE DIVIDER
-ACCURATE TO 0.001o/o
In addition to the high accuracy, unit features high input impedance, low effective series impedance, and very low phase shift. You get characteristics comparable to those of more expensive instruments, in a Gertsch-quality unit. 5-decade transformer switching. Instrument is ideal for checking servos and resolvers ... for voltmeter calibration, computer testing, and transformer turns ratio measurements. Compact size-only 31;2 inches high. Designed for bench mounting, and easily adapted to half-rack mounting with brackets furnished. Send for literature on the RT-60 Series.
-!Je11tsch
GERTSCH PRODUCTS, Inc. 3211 South la Cienega Boulevard, Los Angeles 16, California/UPton 0-2761 · VErmont 9-2201
74 CIRCLE 74 ON READER SERVICE CARD
CATHODE
ANODE
(MESH OF NI WIRE)
PIN 4
ANODE
ANODE-CATHODE structure of Cetron XR-798 phototube showing mesh anode shaped to give close spacing to the cathode-Fig. 2
Cetron tube No. XR-798, and the conventional type 929.
The XR-798 Cetron phototube, Fig. 2, is mounted in an octal base so that the tube is interchangeable with the 929. Anode to cathode capacitance of the XR-798 is 7.5 pf while that of the 929 is 4 pf.
The 929 phototube has the type S-4 surface which has a peak sensitivity in the blue, and very small sensitivity in the red. According to the Cetron Company, the XR-798 has a surface resembling the S-10 which like the S-4 lacks red sensitivity.
The close spaced anode-cathode phototube is of great utility in the laboratory for the measurement of the pulses of light from lasers, flash lamps, shock tubes, and similar subjects where light pulses of short duration and high intensity must be measured with good time resolution.
REFERENCE
( 1) H. E . Edgerton a nd R. 0. Schaffner, :Measuring Transien t Lig ht with Vacuum Phototubes, ELECTRONICS. Aug. 25, 1961, p. 56.
Aluminum Evaluated For Cryogenics
TESTS of aluminum at temperatures approaching minus 460 deg. F, socalled absolute zero, have produced conclusive findings that at extreme cold this versatile metal retains and even improves upon its desirable strength characteristics.
The findings, reported to the Cryogenics Engineering Conference at UCLA by research scientists of the Battelle Memorial Institute are expected to have important bearings on future contributions of aluminum to space ex-
electronic s
This tube, the new ITT F-7832 Power Triode is in an open glass tank to demonstrate the new evaporative cooling method. Cooling water is shown boiling at the segmented copper cooling fins. Bubbles are rising off the surfaces and steam is escaping. Normally the tube is enclosed in a boiler (photograph at right) which, in conjunction with an external condenser, becomes a complete system. Conventional water cooling is capable of dissipating 450 watts/sq. in. Forced air cooling dissipates 150. The ITT Evaporative Cooling
System will dissipate in excess of 800 watts/sq. in. It will operate in an overload condition at 1600 watts/sq. in. with no damage. In addition, ITT Evaporative Cooling offers the advantages of noiseless operation, absence of rotating parts such as blowers and pumps, minimum servicing, self cleaning of tube, and minimum liquid coolant. ITT Evaporative Cooled Tubes feature ceramic construction. The new rugged, mesh cathode, another design innovation, provides improved emission per watt, quick heating and excellent temperature stabilization.
Write for information on the new ITT Evaporative Cooled Power Tubes. Application assistance is available for your specific requirements,
ELECTRON TUBE DEPARTMENT · COMPONENTS DIVISION!
INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION, CLIFTON, NEW JERSEY
ITT COMPONENTS DIVISION PRODUCTS: POWER TRIODES AND DIODES · IATRON STORAGE TUBES · HYDROGEN THYRATRONS ·TRAVELING WAVE Tl,JBES .· SELENIUM RECTIFIERS· SILICON DIODES AND RECTIFIERS· TANTALUM CAPACITORS
CIRCLE 75 ON READER SERVICE CARD
NEW
FOR PRINTED CIRCUITRY
ploration and other applications involving cryogenic temperatures.
The Battelle investigation, sponsored by The Aluminum Association, was undertaken to evaluate the tensile behavior of aluminum alloy No. 5083 at the temperature of liquid helium- minus 452 deg. F. The alloy, one of the 5000 series of aluminum-magnesium alloys, was tested in plate form.
Earlier laboratory tests had established the suitability of this and other aluminum alloys at temperatures as low as minus 423 deg. F, the temperature of liquid hydrogen.
Hermetic Seal for
Place symbols
40°1o faste·r with
new Trans-Pak
New Trans-Pak makes printed circuit drawings easier to prepare.
You press on a die-cut terminal circle symbol accurately - without distortion - in less than three seconds!
Each Trans-Pak symbol is mounted half-on, half-off the edge of a trans· parent carrier tape. Just strip the carrier from the roll, position the symbol, press on it, then pull away the carrier. No picking off. No fumbl· ing. No eyestrain.
New Trans-Pak symbols come in ruby red translucent or black crepe paper - 250 to a roll - in 18 sizes ranging in outside diameter from .10" to .50". Like all Chart-Pak pressure-sensitive materials - ovals ... conductor paths ... fillets ... circles - Trans-Pak rids you of routine work on printed circuit drawings, even acts as a resist on printed circuit plates
Write for more details on Trans-Pak today. And don't forget to ask for free catalog of Chart-Pak tapes, symbols and sheets that simplify drawings, slides, maps, graphs - almost any visual presentation.
163 RIVER ROAD, LEEDS, MASSACHUSETTS Dealers in principal cities in U. S. and Canada
(See Yellow Pages)
Tantalum Capacitor
SEALING tantalum foil capacitors by means of tantalum-to-glass bonding techniques will be achieved on 10 experimental models to be developed within eight months a nd 50 final models, with test data, to be readied 10 months later. The units, employing a true hermetic seal, will be made at G.E.'s Electronic Specialty Capacitor plant, Irmo, South Carolina, and delivered to the Signal Corps Laboratory, Fort Monmouth, New Jersey.
The capacitors will be rated 100 µf, 75 v, d-c, 85 C. They will use etched tantalum foil construction and will be enclosed in a single tubular metallic case with axial leads and glass-to-metal and/ or ceramic-to-metal seals.
Strontium Generator
Seeks Higher Output
TWO FORMS of strontium have been combined into a one-piece thermoelectric generator which serves as its own heat source. The new device is a small strontium-titanate rod with strontium-90 concentrated at one end. Radioactive strontium-90 spontaneously produces heat, which is converted to electrical energy through the thermoelectric effect in the strontium titanate.
Efficiency of the experimental device is low and power output is a tiny fraction of a watt, but continued development at Martin may significantly increase both. Barium and cerium titanates, uranium, and plutonium are also being explored, might use same principle.
76 CIRCLE 76 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ultra-high prec1·s1· on
capacitors
Southern Electronics high-precision capacitors are demonstrating their proven reliability today in twelve different missiles, analog computers, and many radar and communications applications.
SEC high-precision capacitors utilize polystyrene, providing .01 % tolerances, and mylar and teflon to meet .5% requirements. They show excellent stability characteristics over an extended temperature range, and tolerances are unaffected even at extreme high altitudes.
The unusual accuracy, stability and reliability of SEC capacitors are the result of engineering experience concentrated on the design and manufacture of precision capacitors only, plus rigid quality control standards subjecting each capacitor to seven inspections during manufacture, plus final inspection.
Our engineering experience enables us to meet your size requirements, while holding to exact capacitance and tolerance specifications.
SEC capacitors are manufactured in a wide range of capacitance to meet your needs from 100 mmfd. to any higher value, and meet or exceed the most rigid MIL-SPECS.
Write today for detailed technical data and general catalog.
: S-O-U--T-H--E-R-N-·:
: ELECTRONICS:
:
~o~otalll;n :
I
150 WEST CYPRESS AVENUE
I
·--------------· I
BURBANK, CALIFORNIA
I
CIRCLE 206 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
WHAT IS
THE ''HH'' SERIES?
The "HH" series is Hitachi's new superior line of television receiver tubes, the ultimate in far -reaching reception of television waves.
For RF amplifier of VHF television tuners, specify the 4R-HH2 and ~R-HH2 which feature very high transconductance, high sensitivity and low noise. These twin triode tubes replace the 4BQ7A and 6BQ7A without change of circuit.
For frequency convertor and local oscillator of VHF television tuners, specify 5M-HH3 and 6M-HH3 twin triodes which replace the 5J6 and 6J6 without change of circuit.
The "HH" series is another fine quality line from Hitachi, one of the most completely integrated electrical manufacturers in the world.
INTERNATIONAL IMPORTER INC.
2242 South Western Avenue, Chicogo 8, Illinois, U.S.A.
September 14, 1962
CIRClE "17 ON READER SERVICE CARD 77
PRODUCTION 'rECHNIQUES
EACH STEP in capacitor manufacturing was investigated to increase reliability by optimizing materials and opera,.. tions. Electrical forming or anodizing takes place in these tanks
Reliability of Tantalum Capacitors Increased
Two-stage case crimping, higher purity materials are the main changes
By JAMES H. HALL
Rectifier-Capacitor Div., Fansteel Metallurgical Corp., N. Chicago, Ill.
FAILURE RATES for wet tantalum capacitors have been reduced from 3.43 to 0.173 percent per 1,000 hours (life tested at ra~d working voltage and maximum rated temperature) by a continuing program of production improvement at this division. The program for improving quality control and processing techniques was initiated several years ago, when reliability specs beyond those possible at the time began to appear.
A testing program on samples from production lots was started to identify the design changes and production techn.jques that held the most promise for increasing reliability. A board of review was established to review data and examine components that failed as well as those that did not. Research, Development, Quality Con-
trol, Product Engineering, and Manufacturing were represented on this board.
Some improvements involved design changes while others came from better control of existing produetion techniques. All changes were monitored after they were made.
TWO-STAGE CRIMP-Wet tantalum capacitors are sealed with an elastomer gasket material. One of the first problems was to produce a more satisfactory, reproducible seal. The silver capacitor case had originally been crimped to the elastomer gasket in a single operation, but this was found to set up high stresses in the crimp, resulting in relaxation after the crimping die pressure was removed. As a result, electrolyte leakage would occur in a few units.
The relaxation problem was reduced by introducing a two-stage crimping machine. The silver case now is only partially crimped at the fi.rst stage, thus minimizing the stresses set up, and a second stage crimp completes the seal and compensates for any relaxation following the first crimp. Failure rate per
thousand hours was reduced by approximately one-half by this operation. Two-stage crimping is performed on a rotary table with individual stations for each stage, so increased reliability is accom· plished with no additional cost.
PURITY LEVELS-A number of production changes deal with the stability arrd changes in parameters of the capacitors throughout the environmental testing range.
Tight quality control specifications were set up on tantalum powder, sheet, and wire so as to obtain the best electrical characteristics and le>west impurity levels. These specifications continue to get tighter as the technology of producing the raw materials improves and as continuing analysis of failures shows new direction for improvement. Several changes in processing tantalum powder have resulted in the impurity levels being reduced to a few parts per million in the finished product.
WELDING-Another way to improve reliability through production was to improve the weld between the tantalum anode wire and
78
electronics
Reliable Semiconductors ~
from RAYTHEON-MOUN...T....A.__I..N. VIEW
300°C NANOSECOND
DIODE
THE INSIDE STORY OF UNIPLANAR* VS. MULTl-PART CONSTRUCTION
Partially protected surface
RAYTHEON/RHEEM UNIPLANAR* DIODE
/
Latent contaminant
CONVENTIONAL PLANAR MULTl·PART DIODE
UNIPLANAR* construction boosts silicon diode reliability
Uniplanar* one-piece construction, produced at Raytheon/Mountain View (formerly Rheem Semiconductor), brings a major improvement to silicon planar diode reliability. This is demonstrated by a 300°C storage capability, unequalled shock and vibration resistance, and more uniform electrical characteristics.
The result of Raytheon/ Rheem Uniplanar* construction is a one-piece unit that can't shake loose or become misaligned. The entire chip assembly, including ohmic contact, is formed by a single process. This technique permits positive
surface passivation of the entire junction area. A high level of uniformity is achieved, since ohmic contacts are chemically formed thousands at a time.
300°C storage is obtained because, for the first time, it is possible to exclude the latent contaminants introduced by multi-part assembly techniques.
Uniplanar* construction is available at no extra cost in such types as 1N914, 1N916, 1N3064, and 1N251. For further information, please contact the nearest Raytheon Field 0 ffice.
*Exclusive one-piece planar construction from Raytheon/ Mountain View (formerly Rheem Semiconductor).
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 79 ON READER SERVICE CARD 79
TANTALUM capacitors have been made more reliable by close control of all production operations
·Deliver any voltage up to 140 VAC · linear variation of output throughout
entire range · Smooth rotary brush-tap controlled by
dial on panel · Highly efficient variable auto-trans-
former of toroidal core design · No waveform distortion or voltage drop
from no-load to full-load · Separate output ammeter and output
voltmeter · Dual range ammeter: Switching per-
mitted under load · Rugged, compact, professional appear-
ance
Study the performance of electric or elec· tronic components under varying line conditions ... expose intermittent components by inducing failure with over-voltage · . . check power consumption . . compensate for power line voltage variations.
Model 1073 (3 amp. rating) Kit $35.95 Wired $47.95
Model 1078 (71/2 amp. rating) Kit $42.95 Wired $54.95
(Add 5% in the West)
See the 41 additional test instruments ··· helpful for your lab and production work. Write for free Catalog & name of Distributor.
EICO Electronic Instrument Co., Inc. Dept. E-9A., 3300 N. Blvd., L. I. C. 1, N. Y.
Export Dept: Robum Agencies, Inc. 431 Greenwich St., New York 13, N. Y.
the nickel lead that serves as the positive terminal of the capacitor. Welding equipment was redesigned to provide better control of t ime and current, and tantalum oxide is removed from that portion of the wire held by the electrodes of the welding machine.
A much more uniform and stronger weld is obtained with the new methods.
SINTERING-Pressing and sintering of the anode structures was modified to produce a more constant density throughout. Sintering temperatures and times were changed as the optimum temperature and time for a particular anode structure and powder type were establi shed.
Sintering furnaces were designed for more uniform temperatures throughout the sintering load, and to eliminate gas leakage and back-streaming.
The changes in sintering and in powder impurity levels produce a much purer tantalum anode, making possible the reduction of the d-c leakage limits to a fraction of previous limits.
LIFE TESTING-The need for more uniform processing of the
fine silver cast that forms the cathode of wet capacitors was discovered through the data accumulated from life testing. Techniques were introduced to produce a greater and a more uniform surface area.
Leakage of d-c curent during life testing at high temperatures was another problem where improvement proved possible. While the tantalum oxide film that forms the dielectric of the capacitor is one of the most stable that is known, investigation indicated that even the usual low value of d-c leakage current could be further reduced by using anodizing techniques.
Anodizing involved investigation and establishment of optimum specifications for electrolytes, current density, anodizing electrolyte, anodizing time, and electrolyte temperatures.
Improvements introduced in all of the varfables resulted in a substantial increase in the stability of the capacitors and a dramatic increase in reliability. While it is impossible to assign increased reliability rates to any factor individually, they are responsible collectively for the overall improvement of failure rates of present day capacitors.
80 CIRCLE 80 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
Precious Metals Make Scrap More Valuable
By W. F. PARRY
Handy & Harman, New York, N.Y.
ONE OF THE MOST overlooked sources of profits in industry is the scrap heap. Many companies can save thousands of dollars a year simply by making sure that scrap with precious metal content is not thrown away indiscriminately.
Scrap often contains quantities of precious metals-gold, silver, platinum-that, when recovered through advanced detection and refining methods, are worth large sums. In many cases not only precious metals but also the base metals from which they are extracted are recoverable and valuable. For example, molybdenum is often gold plated and tungsten silver plated. The molybdenum and tungsten have considerable value even after the gold and silver has been recovered.
The precious metal content of scrap is constantly rising because the use of precious metals in industry is rising. In electronics, precious metals are often used to obtain greater miniaturization with better electrical properties. The nobel metals are being used to a greater degree in all types of instrumentation because of their resistance to corrosion. Photography, including X-ray photography, is another area where valuable scrap is often thrown away.
CHECKLIST - Many electronic companies are using precious metals in one form or another in their manufacturing operations. Not all of the uses are always known.
(1) Does your company buy precious metals in any form? If it does, you have an added stake in a scrap recovery program since a reliable refiner will carry all metal recovered for you on his books in your name and return to you new metal for manufacturing.
(2) Does your company buy parfa, components, soldering materials, etc., containing precious met-
September 14, 1962
slash production costs with new automated coil winder
... fewer operators ... more coils per operator
Leesona No. 116 will wind 400 to 1,000 _bobbin coils per hour.. · with one operator. All the operator does, as the rotary table brings the winding heads to her, is load bobbin on arbor, clip start wire. Automatically the No. 116 closes tailstock, tapes start lead, resets counter, starts winding, stops at -+- 2 turns, waxes or tapes · finish lead, indexes arbor, cuts wire, ejects and sorts.
It winds two or more different
coils up to 3" diameter by 23/a"
long ... simultaneously. Supports and winds from 100 lb. wire con· tainer, and stops when spool or container is empty. Six to twelve two-speed heads wind wire AWG 16 to 50 and finer. No. 116 is designed by Robert Bachi. We build it to the cus-
tomer's specifications. For details call your nearest 1 . Leesona representative.
LEESONA CORPORATION Warwick, Rhode Island
B.2.2
Offices : 5700 West Diversey Ave. , Chicago , Ill. 1500 Walnut SL , Phila , 2, Pa, Sales Representative: A. R. Campman , Los Angeles , Calif.
Offices and demonstration rooms in Heywood , England; Paris, France; Frankfurt, Germany
CIRCLE 81 ON READER SERVICE CARD 81
I ··
'
I ;
{
_y
Automation Division
Electronic Engineering Company
· ·
of California
1601 E. Chestnut Avenue · Santa Ana, California Phone: 547-5501, P.O. Box 58 · Representative In
Western Europe and Israel : Electronic Engineering
S.A., C.P. 142 Fribourg, Switzerland.
EE 2-so
HOW TO INCREASE YOUR READING CAPACITY
EECO's block, punched-tape reader can digest 80, 96, 120 or 160 bits of information at a step (depending upon the model you select). It's better designed for applications like machine tool control and automatic checkout and tests. For instance, it offers a complete test per block; identification of data function by position in block; elimination of data storage records and address decoding circuits. Straightforward programming by blocks. Standard units read 80, 96, 120, 160 bit blocks. In modular or standard 19" rack mounting units. Takes 1", 8-level paper or mylar tape punched on 0.1" centers. Reader head designed for either forward or reverse reading. Most models are bi-directional. Write for data sheets.
CIRCLE 207 ON READER SERVICE CARD
als in any form? Since these items are made or assembled elsewhere, it is common to overlook the fact that scraps, rejects, or turnings from these parts or materials may contain quantities of precious metals.
(3) Does your company work such parts, either in assembly or repair operations?
(4) Do any aspects of your operation involve plating solutions and rinse tanks? One company used to scrap silver plating baths; now it receives about $8,000 a year for silver recovered.
(5) Do you run your own photo processing laboratory? Sensitized paper and film are major sources of recoverable silver. For example, many companies throw away unexposed leaders in a Toll of film although these have significant recoverable silver.
(6) Do you operate technical or research laboratories in which precious metals are being used?
(7) Do your operations include chemical processing that produces precipitates, sludges, and sediments? For example, do you use catalysts?
Setting up a program to Tecover valuable scrap is essentially an educational jobs. In many cases the logical person to head up the recovery program is the purchasing agent. He knows whether or not precious metals are purchased directly and in what quantities.
However, a large plant may have a salvage superviso1·. Elsewhere it might be the foreman, or heads of departments most directly involved. In other cases the responsibility might logically fall on technicians, if the chief use and recovery potential lies in the technical research areas.
RECOVERY PROGRJ..M-The following procedures have helped a number of plants recover valuable metals that were previously lost.
(1) Estimate all sources of possible metal recovery. A list of possible sources of disguised precious metals is given in the table. If it is uncertain whether a plant-wide recevery program is worthwhile, a plant survey may be in order.
(2) If it seems likely that s ufficient precious metals can be recovered, the plant'·s scrap di sposal
82 CIRCLE 82 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
program should be checked. (3) If the scrap program is not
satisfactory, then the movement of all precious me.tals, from the time the material or part enters the plant until it goes to the scrap heap should be charted. The important thing is to know at all times where the material is, how it is being processed, and what happens to any scrap resulting from processing.
(4) A depot for all scrap, in a separate area, should be established and a security system adopted.
(5) Keep all scrap readily identifiable as precious metal and separate from all other scrap. For example, don't mix silver turnings with steel scrap in a single container, since a small amount of silver, gold, platinum or rhenium may be worth more than a whole carload of unanalyzed scrap.
(6) No matter how worthless scrap may look, if it contains recoverable metals, send a sample to a firm equipped to analyze and refine precious metals. Whether or not the scrap has sufficient precious metal content for recovery can be determined quickly.
PARTIAL LIST OF PRECIOUS METAL SCRAP
Turnings, chips, shavings Silver on steel hearings Silver steel turnings Grindings Blanking scrap, stampings, strip, wire Powder mixtures Screen scrap Solder scrap Brazing alloy scrap Contact alloy scrap Silver on steel, tungsten, molybdenum
scrap Bimetal scrap Silver paint waste, wipe rags, paper,
cans Old batteries Plating solutions Precipitates, sludges and sediments Coated copper wire and racks Filter pads Anode ends Tank scrapings Electrolytic silver Hypo solutions X-Ray film Coated plastics, ceramics, glass, mica,
quartz, etc. Chemicals Mirror solutions-silver nitrate Platinum-hearing material Gold on molybdenum or tungsten wire
September 14, 1962
15 Tests in Less Than a Second I
Texas Instruments Model 654 Transistor and Diode Tester combines speed and accuracy with complete flexibility of application. Fast reprogramming through use of printed circuit boards makes the Model 654 equally useful for high-volume, single-device testing or batch testing of a variety of devices.
High Speed. Fifteen parameter testing of 1800 devices per hour. Each test position can be set to provide a testing time of 50 milliseconds to 3 seconds.
High Accuracy. Null detector senses variations of less than 2 millivolts and/ or 10 nanoamps. Power supply. regulation is better than 1 per cent.
Minimum Operator Training. Only two controls are accessible to the operator, the ON-OFF switch on the front panel and the START push button on the test fixture. The testing cycle starts when the push button is released. Lights indicating failed tests remain on until the operator starts the next test cycle.
Fast Reprogramming. Electrical conditions for each test are preprogrammed on printed circuit boards. By merely changing circuit boards a completely new program may be obtained.
Flexible System. Circuit boards built to customer spec~ ifications. Modular power supplies permit direct substitution for special requirements. Automatic sorters in sixand eight-bin sizes are available as standard accessories.
Write for complete information.
APPARATUS DIVISION PLANTS IN HOUSTON AND DALLAS . T£XA5
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
INCORPORATED
3609 BUFFALO SPEEDWAY
P. 0. BOX 66027
HOUSTON 6. TEXAS
...
CIRCLE 83 ON READER SERVICE CARD 83
What do you need to know about
D
PURE FERRIC OXIDES MAGNETIC IRON OXIDES
Since the final quality of your production of ferrites and magnetic recording media depends on the proper use of specialized iron oxides-you'll find it mighty helpful to have the latest, authoritative technical data describing the physical and chemical characteristics of these materials. This information is available to you just for the asking. Meanwhile, here are the highlights.
PURE FERRIC OXIDES-For the production of ferrites, both hard and soft, we manufacture a complete range of iron oxides having the required chemical and physical properties. They are produced in both the spheroidal and acicular shapes with average particle diameters from 0.2 to 0.8 microns. Impurities such as soluble salts, silica, alumina and calcium are at a minimum while Fe203 assay is 99.5+%. A Tech Report tabulating complete chemical analysis, particle shape, particle size dis· trlbution, surface area, etc., of several types of ferric oxides, hydrated ferric oxide, and ferroso-ferric oxide is available.
MAGNETIC IRON OXIDES-For magnetic recording-audio, video, computer, and instrumentation tapes; memory drums; cinema film striping; magnetic inks; carbon transfers; etc.-we produce special· magnetic iron oxides with a range of controlled magnetic properties. Both the black ferroso-ferric and brown gamma ferric oxides are described in a Data Sheet listing magnetic properties of six grades.
If you have problems involving any of these ma-
terials, please let us go to work for you. We main-
tain fully equipped laboratories for the develop-
ment of new and better inorganic materials.
Write, stating your problem, to C.K. Wi/liams&Co.,
Dept. 25, 640 N. 13th St., Easton, Pa.
Model 4072-dc micro volt-ammeter. Fully isolated, this instrument operates from an automatically rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery hence eliminates the power line from low-level measurements in sensitive circuits.
Wide voltage and current range: 100 J.LV to 1,000 v, and 0.1 J.L amps to 1.0 amp.
Mlrror·back scale eliminates parallax. Scale is 7.2" long, for easy reading.
Accuracy: ± 1.0% of full scale
on all ranges.
Typical applications: Potenti· ometric measurements, null indi· cation, measuring thermocouple output and contact potentia Is ... diode matching.
Dynamics manufactures a wide variety of rnicrovoltmeters, micro volt-ammeters, micromultimeters, and general test equipment. Write for complete literature on Model 4072, or the entire line.
DYNAMICS INSTRUMENTATION COMPANY 583 Monterey Pass Road, Monterey Park, Calif. · Phone: CUmberland 3-7773
CIRCLE 208 ON READER SERVICE CARD
. ~"IF ....... e l e c t r o n i c s
IS EDITED
TO KEEP YOU
FULLY INFORMED
~-a ~'well-rounded'1
-~-:· engmeer
What's your present job in electronics? Do you work on computers? (electronics ran 158 articles on computers between July, 1961 and June, 1962!) Are you in semi· conductors? (For the same period, electronics had 99 articles, not including transistors, solid-state physics, di. odes, crystals, etc.) Are you in military electronics? ( electronics had 179 articles, not including those on air· craft, missiles, radar, etc.)
In all, electronics' 28-man editorial staff provided more than 3,000 editorial pages to keep you abreast of all the technical developments in the industry. No matter where you work today or in which job function (s), electronics will keep you fully informed. Subscribe today via the
Reader Service Card in this issue. Only TY2 cents a copy
at the 3 year rate.
E.ST. LOUIS, ILL.· EASTON.PENNA. · EMERYVILLE, CALIF.
electronics
84 CIRCLE 84 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
ARE WE HLG~ES ENGINEERS
THE LEDNARbOS
Of THE
S'Ptl'E AGE?
1 cAN 'T ANSWER
TtiAT QUESTION. ~~\ HEAVEN KNOWS, · · ~ I'VE DEBATED
IT OFTEN
ENOUGH
IT$ TRUE T~AT WE'VE WRVNG A fEW
SECRETS OUT Of THE UNIVERSE
BUT WE'RE NOT ALL FLAIR
AND INSPIRATION . IT'LL TAKE A LITTLE WORK TO SOFT- LAND T~E SURVEYOR ON THE MOON
GVESS THAI~
WHY WE HIRED MORE NEW GUYS TODAY
I HOPE Tl-\EY ~1111~~ REALIZE
~ THINGS ARE
GETflNG TOUG-1-\ER
AkOUND HERE
All !iUG~ES
ENGINEERS
A~E RESTRICTED
TC) ONE
PLANET APIECE
T WOl?RY ABOUT IT-
BUT YOU CAN'T TELL BECAUSE OF MY SUN TAN
Hughes is hiring! Numerous opportunities now exist in a variety of
advanced projects and studies. Examples include: The SURVEYOR-whi ch will soft land an instrumented payload on the moon, SYNCOM-synchronous-orbit communications satellite, VATE-automatic test equipment for ballistic missiles, anti-ball istic missile defense systems-boost-i ntercept, mid-course and terminal, an d many others. Positions are open at all levels for special ists with degrees from accredited universities.
Please airmail your resume to:
Mr. Robert A. Martin Head of Employment Hughes Aerospace Divisions 11940 W. Jefferson Blvd. Culver City 24, California
CONTROLS ENGINEERS. Concerns airborne computers and other controls related areas for: missiles and space vehicles, satellites, radar tracking , control circuitry, control syste ms, control techniques, transistorized equalization networks and control servomechanisms.
CIRCUIT DESIGNERS. Involves analysis and synthesis of systems for: telemetering and command circuits for space vehicles, high efficiency power supplies for airborne and space electronic systems, space command, space television, guid ance and control systems, and many others.
INFRARED SPECIALISTS. To perform systems analysis and preliminary design in infrared activities for satellite detection and identification, air-to-air missi les AICBM, infrared range measurement, air-to-air detection search sets, optica l systems, detection cryogen ics and others.
SYSTEMS ANALYSTS. To consider such basic problems as: requirements of manned space flight; automatic target recognition requirements for unmanned satellites or high speed strike reconnaissance systems; IR systems requirements for ballistic missile defense.
Creating a new world with Electronics
r----------------~
I
I
i HUGHES :
I
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L------- --- ------~
HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY
AEROSPACE DIVISIONS
An equal opportunity employe r.
September 14, 1962
85
NEW PRODUCTS
DESIGN AND APPLICATION
SPL· SOUND PRESSURE LEYH
Microphone Cancels 23 Db Ambient Noise
Carbon unit uses two acoustic chambers to balance diaphragm
MANUFACTUf.ED by Roanwell Corp., 180 Varick St., New York 14, N. Y., the model C-500 Confidencer carbon microphone fits into a conventional 500-style telephone handset. The unit effectively cancels from 14 to 23 db of the ambient noise normally transmitted by a conventional microphone. As shown in the sketch, the voice consists primarily of spherical wave sound pressure level A that enters the front port and strikes the diaphragm. The portion of sound pressure which does not enter the front port impinges on the rear of the diaphragm at a much lower level. Noise, at sound
pre&Sure level B is primarily a plane wave emanating from a distant source. This plane wave envelops the noise cancelling microphone, entering both front and rear sound ports at the same time and same level. This wave impinges on the front and rear of the diaphragm at the same time and at approximately the same level. Therefore, the diaphragm does not react to sound pressure level B inasmuch as its pressure is equal both on the front and rear. Sound pressure level A is much greater on the front of the diaphragm than on the rear and the diaphragm reacts to this sound pressure level generating a voltage determined by the voice input.
CIRCLE 301, READER SERVICE CARD
Accelerometer Features High Sensitivity
DEVELOPED by Massa Div. of Cohu Electronics, Inc., Lincoln St., Rte 3A, Hingham, Mass., the AC-105 accelerometer has an open circuit sensitivity of 600 mv per g, dynamic range between 0.00005 to 200 g, minimum resonant frequency of 10 Kc and a maximum cross axis sensitivity of 2 percent. The unit consists of a mass-loaded assembly (see sketch) of ADP (ammonium
MASS
A.D. P.
CRYSTALS l=:=::t'""=j OUTPUT
di-hydrogen phosphate) crystal plates mounted within a stainless steel housing. For constant acceleration applied along the longitudinal axis, constant stress occurs along the piezoelectrically sensitive axes of the crystal elements. This results in a generated voltage directly proportional to applied acceleration and independent of frequency to beyond 3 Kc. Effect of mass loading the crystal assembly is to increase stress per unit g which results in extremely high accelerometer sensitivity of 600 mv/g. The ADP crystal has a very high degree of uniformity and long time stability. (302)
INCOMING IMAGE
! !!
DIFFUSER
LIMAGE PLANE
"' f%'.Z?Z??'.7/?a
OF OPTICAL SYS TE M
PHOTOCELL 1
PHOTOCELL 2
Static Device Indicates Optical Focus Directly
ANNOUNCED by LogEtronics, Inc., 500 Monroe Ave., Alexandria, Virginia, the Focatron meter can be used to check parallelism of a film holder, lens and copy board; checking that ground glass and film holder are in same plane; calibrating and testing autofocus devices; selecting optimum lenses; checking lenses for field curvature and color correction; calibrating tapes; and focusing on a particular spot with a view camera. Three types are available; one for use in view camera, process camera or enlarger easel and the other is intended for on-easel use in any standard enlarger. The third model is for use in microfilm cameras. The basic
86
electronics
Honeywell test instrumentation records
structural soundness of missiles
Wyle Laboratory, at its Norco, California, facility, tests the structural soundness of Minuteman, Polaris, and Skybolt missile stages under transportation conditions with a battery of four multiplexed Model 1012 Visicorder oscillographs. The total Wyle-Honeywell system at the three Wyle test sites includes eight 1012 Visicorders, 84 Accudata III amplifiers, and a 14 channel FM tape system.
The Wyle test site uses Wyle hydrashaker systems of about 100,000 force pounds, mounted on million pound concrete reaction blocks ... the only installation of its magnitude in the country. The hydrashaker exciters introduce vibration into the missiles comparable to those encountered during transporta1 tion prior to launching.
The specimen record shows data recorded from accelerometers on the third stage of a missile at the locations marked on the record.
The fidelity, contrast, and easy readability of all Honeywell Visicorder records is vividly shown in this record. Where traces are numerous and of this complexity or greater, the trace-identifier interruptions, occurring atregular intervals along the time base ofthe record, make it easy to identify the individual traces.
For details about Honeywell Signal-Conditioning equipment, the Model 1012, and other Visicorder oscil- 1 lographs, and the LAR 7400 FM Tape Sub-system write Minneapolis-Honeywell, Reiland Division, 4800 , E. Dry Creek Road, P.O. Box 8776, Denver 10, Colorado. Telephone DDD Area Code 303-794-4311.
2.0 CPS ?.O~EC
September 14, 1962
The Honeywell LAR 7400 FM tape system stores 14 channels of data
A battery of multiplexed Model 1012 Visicorders directly records 112 parameters of information
Honeywell [!!) ~t iM., 0.dMl
CIRCLE 87 ON READER SERVICE CARD 87
· ·--"·----~----------------,
I I f
Mr. RAFRIN* got your goat~
He'll take other things, too, including accurate telemetering signals, clear radar displays, correct computer answers - almost anything in the electronics communication field can fall victim to this menace. May we recommend our protection? Electro · International has satisfied Military requirements governing RFI Control for over a decade - all over the world. Write for our RFI Control Capabilities Brochure.
*RAdlo FRequency INterference TM
ELECTRO·INTERNATIONA~
Box 391, Annapolis, Md., CO .3·2661
Subsidiary of Electro Instruments, San Die10, Cal.
system (see sketch p 86) uses two photocells in the image plane of an optical system cable-connected to the external meter system. Light reaching cell 1 has to pass through a diffuser and only a defocussed image is projected onto its surface. Light path in front of cell 2 is clear so that either sharp or unsharp image appears on its surface. If the incoming image is a checkerboard pattern and the optical system is run through focus, at best focus the brightness difference between the dark and light patches will reach maximum. When a system is defocussed, there will be no brightness difference and meter will read zero. Although theoretically able to focus continuous-tone images, even a Jive image, its use is presently restricted to those cases where a halftone dot pattern can be inserted into the object plane of the optical system. CIRCLE 303, READER SERVICE CARD
RELEASE
IN
DIFF
AMPL
ing 3 amperes and 28 v d-c. The power supply provides complete isolation from the power source thus input is insensitive to common-mode voltages. (398)
CdSe Photocells Have Fast Response Times
OPTO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES, INC., 660 National Ave., Mountain View, Calif., offers the OED-3H5 cadmium selenium photocells. Mean rise time specification is 150 µ.sec, with a max of 1.5 millisec, from SS dark resistance of more than 1,000 megohms to a dynamic light resistance value of 25,000 ohms with neon illumination of 1,000 µ.w / cm0 at 25 C. Max SS light resistance at this illumination is 6,000 ohms with a mean of 3,000 ohms. Fall time from 3,000 ohms to 100,000 ohms is less than 8.0 millisec, with a mean value of 5.0 millisec. (304)
POWER SUPP
28V
Voltage Monitor Useful For Many Purposes
RECENTLY announced by Cornell and St. George, Inc., 100 Everett St., Westwood, Mass., the model 709 voltage monitor has an input sensitivity better than 50 mv or 0.1 microwatt power with overload protection up to 100 v. Set point is determined by externally-supplied voltage, input is isolated from ground and input impedance is 25,000 ohms. Drift is Jess than 30 µ.v/ degree C between 0 and 55 C. Range extension is by external voltage divider, current monitoring is by 50 mv shunts, thermistor input may be used, or a photocell input used where light level is low or environment too severe for sensitive relays. The device consists of a differential amplifier, a floating power supply and a relay capable of switch-
Null Balance Recorder Features Portability
EMCEE ELECTRONICS, INC., P . 0. Box 36, Glenside, Pa. Model 1105 recorder is a portable (battery or line operated) instrument used to record d-c voltages as a function of time. It is available with a minimum span of 10 mv, convenient front panel plug-in modules to con-
88 CIRCLE 88 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
Are you a
COMPLETELY INFORMED
electronics engineer?
Today you may be working in microwaves. But on what project will you be working tomorrow? You could have read electronics this past year and kept abreast of, say, microwave technology. There were 96 individual microwave articles between July, 1961 and June, 1962!
But suppose tomorrow you work in some area of standard electronic components, in semiconductors, in systems? Would you be up-to-:date in these technologies? Did you read the more than 3,000 editorial pages that electronics' 28-man editorial staff prepared last year?
electronics is edited to keep you current wherever you work in the industry, what·ever your job function (s). If you do not have your own copy of electronics. subscribe today via the Reader Service Card in this issue. Only '.l1h cents a copy at the3yearrate.
electronics
A?e~TE~l~I~;!~H1E M
VISIJAL INDICATOR
IMPROVED RESOLUTION APPROX. 10% TO 25% OVER MANY COMPARABLE TYPES.
Designed for the ulti · mate in reliability and performance and to meet applicable mili· tary specifications for shock, temperature cy· cling, vibration, alti· tude, fungus, humidity, immersion, salt spray, sand and dust.
A KWIK·TRIM one to one nomi·
nal adjustment .·. A vernier 45 :1 ratio for precise setting
. . . Shaft is journaled at each
end with precision bearing fit · · · These Please Write for
precision features are your assurance for
ELECTRICAL,
ease of setability and the stability of set· MECHANICAL AND
ting.
= -·
~Jaen.uµc . ~rl /J
ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATION
~/..-
CATALOG.
CORP.
A SUBSIDIARY OF SAN FERNANDO ELECTRIC MFG, CO,
1535 FIRST ST. SAN FERNANDO, CALIF.
EM 1-1193 ··· TWX S.F. CAL 9900
CIRCLE 209 ON READER SERVICE CARD
NEW Variable Phase Shifter Modules
speed breadboarding of microwave circuits
Five new Variable Phase Shifters - for use in all microwave applications where phase angle adjustment or empirical selection of a specific phase
angle is required - have been added to the Sanders line of more than 600 TRI -PLATE® Strip Transmission Line Modules.
They are also used : (1) as tuners for matching line impedance to load impedance; (2) as stubs with adjustable lengths to form tunable band reject filters; and (3) as delay lines to establish and control a precise delay.
These new Variable Phase Shifters are used anywhere in the DC to 4 Ge frequency range, have a maximum VSWR of 1.5, and are supplied with a 50 ohm (or 10 ohm) impedance. Model numbers, prices and dynamic phase shift ranges are: MVS8, 30° /KMC, $195; MVS14, 60° /KMC, $175; MVS34,
120°/KMC, $195; MVS54, 240°/KMC, $285 ; MVS74, 480°/KMC, $485. Other TRI-PLATE Modules include variable directional couplers, ferrite
circulators and isolators, attenuators, hybrid rings, power dividers, tunable filters and over 150 Mounts for standard and advanced semiconductor devices.
-!/q-, ®Registered Trademark, Sanders Associates, Inc.
r-;;;;;,;;=:·,:~UPON~COM~E~ETA:~
I Microwave Products Dept., Nashua, New Hampshire
I I
Please send ( ) complete specifications on Variable Phase Shifters ( ) more information about TRI -PLATE Modules
Name. .................. .. ............................ ... ...........
I I I
LI I Company........................................................ · · · · ~~;:~'.-.-.-.·~·~·~·~·~-.-.·. -.~-. -. ·;;~~.·~: .·~;a·t~::::: ~:~~:~J
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 89 ON READER SERVICE CARD 89
vert the basic instrument to one of a variety of spans, and suppression for either voltage, pressure or temperature recording. Unit has a selfcontained power pack. CIRCLE 305, READER SERVICE CARD
Reflectometers Cover Five Bands
AMERICAN RADIO co., INC., 445 Park Ave., New York 22, N. Y. Model REF is a CSF reflectometer that measures vswr's as low as 1.03 :1 or as high as 100: 1 at millimeter frequencies up to 140 Ge in five bands. Device includes a 10 db directional coupler with directivity better than 40 db and a two-way switch in the coupler. Prices range from $1,130 to $2,250. (306)
Sometimes it does not pay to bet on a sure thing
These little fables about Varian Vaclon® pumps usually feature a user-benefit theme. This one* has a non-user non-benefit gimmick.
Seems an insurance company took
a look at the failure rate in electron tubes. The actuaries decided they'd have a good thing going in vacuum tube failure policies and asked their new computer for some projected profit figures. The computer pre-
dicted: 11111111111011
Binary translation: Expect 4 .092% net yearly on projected volume.
Those insurance fellows didn't reckon with Vaclon appendage pumps. They forgot these mighty ion-getter midgets are marvelous for holding optimum vacua in sealed· off devices, or that all Vaclon pumps are fail -safe, with no danger of compromised vacua in event of power failure. Then somebody remembered. They re-programmed the computer. The result:
00000000000000!!!!!
Binary translation: Who needs va·
· pure fiction.
cuum pump insurance policies with Vaclon pumps available?
We could have saved them all that trouble (and that burned-out com· puter). We could have told them that Vaclon appendage pumps set an in· dustry standard for reliability and performance. Provide the cleanest vacua available. Pump to pressures
as low as 1 x 10-'0 mm Hg, at pumping speeds from 0 .15 to 1.0 litres/ second, and operate on .001 watts of
power. Are dandy for use on X-ray tubes, klystrons, magnetrons, TWT's, neutron generators, hypera ltitude simulation chambers, storage tubes, special-purpose CR tubes, and precision gyros. To mention a few.
We could have told them all thatbut they didn't ask. So we'll tell you . Of course, we carry our own type of "insurance" on these little beauties. If your Vaclon appendage pump fails to perform exactly as we predict, we'll replace the pump or refund your money.
Let's hear from you.
VACUUM PRODUCTS
DIVISION
VARIAN associates
PALO ALTO 1, CALIFORNIA
90 CIRCLE 90 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Power Supply Tests Transistor Life
MID-EASTERN ELECTRONICS, INC.,
Springfield, N. J., has developed a 0 to 36 v 20 amp power supply in a 5t in. panel without using scr circuitry, primarily for life testing of transistors. Regulation is better than 10 mv, ripple 2 mv, with no overshoot when turning on or off. Unit features automatic tracking overvoltage circuitry and an electronic overcurrent cutoff circuit. Price $820. (307)
Motor-Pot
HELIPOT DIVISION of Beckman Instruments, Inc., 2500 Harbor Blvd., Fullerton, Calif., announces the motor-pot, a compact package including potentiometer, servomotor
electron ics
All Contact Materials are Specials!
When you need top q uolity ond lost service, specify leoch & Garner. All mill shapes and types available, including toplay, thruloy, inlay, overloy, edge· lay, wire ond tubing with alloys of Gold, Silver, Platinum ond Palladium . Also available . ore silver and gold solders, silver and laminated wave· guide tubing, precision rerolling and redrawing of non-ferrous metals.
Engineering assistance available. Quotations rendered promptly.
We build our business on prompt deliveries ct competitive prices.
For prompt quotations to your print and speelflcations write:
52 Pearl Street, Attleboro, Moss. CIRCLE 211 ON READER SERVICE CARD September 14, 1962
NOW READY:
ANALOG· TO· DIGITAL CONVERTER
NAVCOR MODEL 2201
LOW PRICE: 12935
ACCURACY: .05%..aoLUTE
Is it ancient history DELIVERY: 30 DAYS
by the time you see
electronics?
Get the facts while they're new. Don't wait for electronics on a route slip. Look in this issue for the Reader Service Card. Fill out and mai I the "for subscrip· tions" section. Only 7112 cents a week.
electronics
A McGraw-Hill Publication, 330 West 42nd St., N. Y. 36
Format: Binary, 10 bits plus sign. Conversion Rate: 10,000 complete con·
versions per second (9.1 microseconds per hit plus 9.1 microseconds.) Input Range: ± 10.23 volts; lower or higher ranges available. Input Impedance: 5,000 ohms; high im· pedance amplifier optional.
Other models start from $2,775. Both
Binary and Binary-Coded-Decimal for.
mats are available. Options include
Sample and Hold, Multiplexing, and
Over-Range Indication. For more infor.
(J!jfj)ldli_ mation, write to NAVIGATION COMPUTER
CORPORATION, Valley
Forge Industrial Park,
!Jtli
Norristown, Pennsylvania.
CIRCLE 91 ON READER SERVICE CARD 91
and gearhead-with the gearhead and part of the motor hidden inside the pot. CIRCLE 308, READER SERVICE CARD
Ratio Transformer Covers 30 to 1,000 CPS
MAGNETIC AMPLIFIERS DIV., The Siegler Corp., 632 Tinton Ave., New York 55, N. Y. The Decatran is a rugged highly precise 3 decade ratio transformer. A multiposition switch arrangement on the front panel produces easily preset ratios of 0.000 to 1.099 and 0 or 180 deg phase. Applications: for a-c potentiometers, transformer checking, servos, instrument calibration and potentiometer testing. Also suited to computers, digital to analog conversion, and a wide variety of automatic sequence operations using analog techniques. (309)
Model LA-285 $1485.
Weight 45 lbs. as shown.
Wherever it goes, the new Lavoie LA-285 portable oscilloscope provides a full range of test capabilities. A frequency response of DC to 30 me and a rise time of only 12 nanoseconds, it has two versatile time bases for a choice of sweeps from 0.02 microseconds per centimeter to 12 seconds per centimeter with a wide range of sweep delay periods. For calibration, portions of the sweep may be magnified and intensified.
This remarkable instrument will operate over a range of line voltages from 95 to 135 volts and is available for 60 to 400 cps use.*
It will accept plug-in heads from other Lavoie oscilloscopes, as well as heads from scopes of other manufacturers.
Ideally suited for rapid transport in plant, on flight line or shipboard, it can be easily handled by one man. The only portable oscilloscope (12" x 15" x 20") with all of these features plus 10 KV CRT accelerating voltage, it is a truly universal laboratory or field tool.
·special
Write today for complete technical details and specifications.
MORGANVILLE, NEW JERSEY · Lowell 6-2600. TWX MWN-1250 Since 1939, one of America's leading manufacturers and designers of: Oscilloscopes, Spectrum Analyzers, Frequency Standards, Frequency Comparators, Pulse Generators, Digital Counters, Automatic Test Equipment.
92 CIRCLE 92 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Temperature Controller Utilizes SCR's
TROTT ELECTRONICS, INC., 412 Smith St., Rochester 6, N. Y. The TR601A is an all solid state 20 amp true proportional control which utilizes silicon controlled rectifiers in a full wave proportioning circuit. The control is supplied as a plug-in module, which may be mounted singly in a portable case or in groups of 4 in a 7 in. by 16 in. panel space. True proportional
electronics
The moment of insight is a private thing.
It can happen anytime, anywhere. Somewhere in the mind the barrier to a solution crumbles. Everything suddenly slips into
place. It can't be forced or commanded . But it comes about most often in a climate of mutual respect and recognition.
This is the kind of climate you'll find at Northrop.
You'll also work in a climate of constant professional challenge at Northrop. We have more than 70 active projects in
work, and we're always evaluating new lines of inquiry. Projects range from space guidance and navigation to automatic
checkout equipment, from computer design and world-wide communications to laminar flow control.
On the following pages you'll find some specific positions available now at Northrop Space Laboratories and ·the Norair
Division. Look them over. One may be just the spot for you.
But even if you don't find your specialty listed-don't go away. We simply don't have room to mention all the oppor·
ND RJH RD p tunities to be found throughout Northrop's several divisions. If you're the kind of man who has fresh insights into problems,
there's bound to be a place for you at Northrop. Write to Dr. Alexander Weir at Northrop
Corporation, Beverly Hills, Calif., and tell us about yourself. You will receive a prompt reply.
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
control is accomplished by varying the firing angle of the scr's. CIRCLE 310, READER SERVICE CARD
In addition to its versatility the new Midget 482 connector meets the environmental requirements of MIL-C-26482 and meets or exceeds the requirements of MIL-C-0026482 where applicable. Plus a host of other dependable features including:
· crimp style removable contacts · shells of high strength impact extruded aluminum · cadminum plated with olive drab irridite finish · closed entry sockets meeting or exceeding MIL-C-26636 requirements where applicable · resilient inserts permanently bonded to shell · bayonet coupling with positive lock for easy mating.
PRINTED WIRING BOARDS to MIL-SPECS
~ Fused in Place Eyelets
Solder flowed under flanges by high current electrode set dies using latest
~~~~~'def~ A~P~i~~~:~.ts. Application-
Funnel Tubelets
Funnel shaped tubelets permit easy component insertion, repeated re· moval and re.mounting without dam· age to board or adhesion-maximum reusability. Application - Air to surface Missiles.
·37 to one micro photographic cross-section view
Copper reduction techniques are used for sensitizing in conjunction with pre·c lad laminatescompact, reliable , excellent component soldering and high component density. ApplicationIntercontinental Ballistic Missiles.
I-F Amplifiers Are Low in Cost
AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS LABORA-
TORY, Deer Park, L. I., N. Y. Low power drain i-f amplifiers feature hybrid preamplifiers, completely transistorized post-amplifiers, and combined pre-post-amplifiers. The preamplifiers and combination units use Nuvistors at the input to obtair. low noise figure characteristics. Standard models include both wideand narrow-band versions at 30 and 60 Mc center frequencies and are available in price ranges from $375 to $485. (311)
Gyro Terminals Sealed with Clear Glass
VERNITRON WEST, INC., 5353 Strohm Ave., N. Hollywood, Calif., offers hermetic seal gyro terminals of Kovar sealed with matched clear glass which enables visual inspection of the quality of the seal. The new parts have minimum glass climb on the terminals, minimum bubble population, complete freedom from cracks in the glass and total absence of burrs. (312)
Write for inlormative literature.
Electronics. Inc. 7447 w. Wilson Aue.· Chicago 31. Ill.
T1l1phon1 . UNrltrhill 7-9600
94 CIRCLE 94 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Toroidal Core
CONNOLLY & co., INC., P.O. Box 295,
Menlo Park, Calif. Toroidal cores, with o-d of 0.310 in., an i-d of 0.156 in. and a thickness of 0.125
electronics
in., are designed for quality filters, inductors, pulse transformers and choke coils in the low audio frequencies to 200 Kc. (313)
Norair needs men with penetrating minds
UHF Folded Cylinder Handles 6 Mw Peak
METCOM, INC., 76 Lafayette St., Salem, Mass., offers a uhf folded cylinder TR switch completely mounted for socket type installation. The MPD-19 is designed for slide installation in WR-2100 waveguide transmission line. It will handle 6 Mw peak and 12,000 w average power in the uhf band with extremely long life. Price is $700 each. (314)
SSB Receiver Adapter Features Small Size
KAHN RESEARCH LABORATORIES,
INC., 81 South Bergen Place, Freeport, L. I., N. Y. Model RSSB-62lA is designed to convert conventional a-m receivers to ssb operation. It is completely Nuvistorized
and operates with a B+ voltage of
60 v which accounts for its small size (5! in. high by 18 ~ in. deep by 19 in. wide) and weight (20 lb). Included is an ell-electronic afc with an improved correction speed of 50 cycles per sec/sec. Also included is circuitry which allows the use of a subcarrier as well as the main carrier for afc purposes. Carrier loss protection is featured. (315)
Temperature Chamber
CAMBRIDGE SYSTEMS, INC., 50 Hunt St., Newton 58, Mass. Model 123A thermoelectrically stabilized temperature chamber is designed to
September 14, 1962
/. The men we're looking for will tackle many tough problems. Solutions won't come easy. But they'll find them. They have the kind of minds that aren't easily thwarted. If you're of this turn of mind, why not get in touch with us? With new areas of investigation and research constantly challenging us, we need hard-working dreamers to bring them into focus. These positions are available now:
Engineers in electronic checkout systems who have worked with advanced design and program development. Engineers whose background is in supersonic aerodynamics, stability and control, inlet design, ducting, and performance analysis. Engineers familiar with airframe structural analysis. Scientists specializing in infrared, optics, and electronic research. Engineers to work in data reduction. Scientists who know structures research and dynamics. Scientists who have done supersonic aerodynamic research. Scientists experienced in working with information and sensing systems, platforms, infrared, sensors, flight controls, airborne computing and data handling systems. Engineers familiar with programming, operations, and instrumentation for ballistic missile flight test. Reliability Engineers to assess the reliability and to optimize the configurations and mission profiles of space systems. Chemical Engineers to work on the development and applications of structural adhesives for aerospace vehicles. Metallurgical Engineers for research and development on materials and joining.
If you'd like more information about these opportunities and others that may be
ND RTH RD p available by the time you read this, write and tell us about yourself. Contact Roy
L. Pool, Engineering Center Personnel .Offi~e,
1001 East Broadway, Hawthorne, California.
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
95
AIRPAX TELEMETRY
EQUIPMENTS
maintain low-level p-c cards at any preset temperature between 20 C and 30 C. CIRCLE 316, READER SERVICE CARD
r
Airpax is single source for many telemetry system require· ments. In pacing the rapidly changing telemetry art, Airpax provides electronic and electromechanical COMMUTATORS, fixed crystal controlled and tunable TELEMETRY RECEIVERS, wide band (+40%) sub-carrier DISCRIMINATORS, VCO's cmd CALIBRATOR TEST EQUIPMENT. These NEW products complement a comprehensive line of sub-carrier FM/FM DISCRIMINATORS developed during the five years Airpax has been an important factor in the manufacture of telemetry equipment. Typical models of single channel and bandswitching FM/FM sub-carrier discriminators are illustrated below.
/ The new Model A-135 compact, lightweight, single
flaSh· channel discriminator is priced in the $350 region.
Output Amplifiers Used for A-D Conversion
NAVIGATION COMPUTER CORP., Valley Forge Industrial Park, Norristown, Pa. Each model 5PA2 has 13 inverting amplifiers on a single p-c card. Each amplifier has an output capability of 5 ma at -6.8 v. These amplifiers are used on the digital outputs of Navcor analog-to-digital converters. Price of the 5P A2 is $79. (317)
Model A·136A
SPECIFICATIONS
Compact, Single Channel
I
Model A-136A
'
. Input Impedance
10,000 Ohms
Input Dynamic Range 20MV to lOV
Static Linearity
±0.5% ':
Output ±2.5V into 330 Ohms (all channels)
Output Stability
±0.5%
Output Noise
6MV RMS, max.
Harmonic Distortion 2% max.
Bandswitching Model 43-7959A2 51,000 Ohms lOMV to lOV ±0.1 % of bandwidth O±lOV, O±lOOMA
±0.5% 0.15% of bandwidth 1% max.
96 CIRCLE 96 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Crystal Filter Used in VHF Receivers
ORTHO INDUSTRIES INC., 7 Paterson St., Paterson 1, N. J., announces model 2102 filter-108 Mc to 112 Mc, with particular application in vhf receiver front ends and satellite tracking receivers. Center frequency is 112 Mc; 6 db bandwidth, 10 Kc; 60 db bandwidth, 40 Kc; insertion loss, 11 db (nominal) ; passband ripple, 1 db (nominal) ; input and output impedance, 120 ohms. (318)
Dummy Load Packages
ELECTRO IMPULSE LABORATORY, INC.,
208 River St., Red Bank, N.J., announces high power dummy load packages, 5,000 w to 100,000 w, co-
electronics
axial or waveguide, completely selfcontained with cooling units d-c to 12 Ge, c-w or pulse. (319)
Miniature Binding Posts Help Solve Space Problem
THE SUPERIOR ELECTRIC co., Bristol, Conn. Five-way binding posts are suited for use on electrical and electronic apparatus where panel space is limited. Extend only 53/ 64 in. from face of panel in closed position, 1 1~ in. fully open. Max diameter 0.435 in. for thumbnut, 0.469 in. for panel insulators. Use ~ in. diameter panel hole but D type shoulders on panel insulators permit mounting in keyed panel hole.
Mount in panels from nr in. to :l in.
thick. Rated for 15-amp current capacity and 1,000-v working. (320)
Magnetic Components Meet MIL Requirements
KENYON TRANSFORMER CO., INC.,
1057 Summit Ave., Jersey City 7, N. J., is manufacturing encapsulated transformers and reactors which operate at temperatures up to 170 C and will meet military requirements for airborne and ground support equipment. Construction used assures minimum component weight while maintaining long life character-istics. (321)
TWT Amplifier Covers 4.4 to 5.0 Ge
HUGGINS LABORATORIES, INC., 999 East Arques Ave., Sunnyvale, Calif. Type HA-35 twt is designed for
September 14, 1962
Northrop Space Laboratories needs men whose imaginations are crisp; men who can unriddle problems with a fresh point of view. If this describes you, then you'll feel at home with us. NSL is new, with the freedom of movement only a new organization can have. Its future will be what you can make it. And you'll have the full facilities of the Northrop Corporation behind you. Come in now, and grow along with us. These key openings are immediately available:
Solid state physicists, to conduct fundamental research on many-body problems as applied to an ultra high pressure program. The goals of this program are to study the electrical and physical behavior of materials under ultra high pressure, to investigate the origin, history and structure of the moon and planets, and to find ways to utilize their natural resources.
Scientists, to perform research in nuclear and radio chemistry, and to conceive and carry out investigations in the fields of activation analysis, dosimetry, gamma ray spectrometry, surface phenomena, and numerous other areas.
Stress analysts, to develop fresh analytical techniques and apply them to new space structural concepts; to do stress analysis and design optimization studies on advanced space vehicle structures.
A plasma physicist, to join our growing program in the measurement of plasma
properties, spectroscopy, diagnostics, accelerators, and power conversion devices.
A mathematician-physicist, to concentrate on systems analysis and operations research applied to military and non-military space systems.
Physicists experienced in electro-optical imaging devices and laser theory; engineer· ing mathematicians interested in detection theory, reconnaissance and tracking; electronic engineers who know their way around statistical communications theory and noise phenomena; for new and original work in satellite detection systems.
NORTHROP For more information about these and other opportunities, write to W. E. Propst,
Space Personnel Office, 1111 East Broadway, Hawthorne, California. You will receive a prompt reply.
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IMPLOYER
97
severe operating conditions. Frequency range is 4.4 to 5.0 Ge with a power output of 1 w. Gain at rated power output is 30 db minimum and the small signal gain is 30- db minimum. Cooling air requirements are 5 cfm. CIRCLE 322, READER SERVICE CARD
Servo Assembly Offered in Size 11 Frame
FAE INSTRUMENT CORP., 16 Norden Lane, Huntington Station, N. Y. Miniature size 11 servo assembly is shown in one possible configuration. By varying the amplifier output, motor speed, reduction ratio, and the choice of potentiometer, an infinite number of input-output combinations can be effected. Assembly consists of a potted solidstate amplifier mounted on two aluminum end-caps having 4 mounting holes, a specified pot and motor at either end, a speed reducer and a clutch or clutch-brake, and a miniature terminal strip. (323)
r-··~·- ·--.
t
'
Time Delay Relays Weigh 2.1 Oz
CRANE ELECTRONICS CO., 4345 Hol-
lister Ave., Santa Barbara, Calif.
Time defay relays for military and
·
non-military applications are available for operation at various supply and contact ratings, and with dpdt standard contact arrangement.
98 CIRCLE 98 ON READER SERVICE CARD
with a Dl-ACRO
ROL-FORM DIE
Workmarking from forming sheet materials in press brakes and punch presses is greatly reduced and in many metals completely eliminated when formed with the Di-Aero Rol-Form Die. Hardened and precision ground rolls pivot smoothly in the die block to fold material without strain. You save costs by discarding elaborate and time consuming preparation and work methods, reducing polishing time, eliminating scrap parts. You also cut costs in press brakes and punch presses by reducing the number of dies needed and the set-up time.
One Di-Aero Rol-Form Die with a 60° upper die forms any angle to 60° and any thickness of metal to
Ys" just by adjusting the ram or
bed of the brake. Where ultrahigh finish material is to be formed, nylon inserts can be used in the die block to further reduce the possibility of work marks.
The Rol-Form Die is offered in five styles and in lengths from 6 inches to 12 feet for use in all sizes and models of press brakes and punch presses.
0 fFoorrmionrgdiansakryabopuret sDs i-bArearkoe ~ ~B~ g
Standard Press Brake Dies. 0
Consult the yellow pages of
~oacuhr int eelreyp·hMoancehinbeo oTko oul sn df oerr
the name of your nearest Di·Aero distributor or write us.
pronounced die·ack-ro
DI-AC RO
CORPORATION
Formerly 0' Neil Irwin Mfg , Co.
·
439 Eighth Avenue lake City, Minnesota
CIRCLE 21 2 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
Packages measure 1! in. sq by 1! in. high, and weigh 2.1 oz. Prices begin at $55 for standard models in single unit quantities. (324)
MILLION
Basic Switch Combines Two in One
TO WORLD MARKETS
Last year Foster Electric Co., Ltd. pro·
duced nearly 5Jt2 million speakers in a dozen sizes-from the 1W' (4 cm.) 4B2
to the 12" (30 cm.) PW-120. Of these, fully 4lt2 million were exported both as components and in electrical products to the world's forem0st electronics manufacturers.
A major reason for this demand is unmatched quality at popular prices. A perfect example is the 2" 5A61. This fast-selling 100 ohm speaker is ideal for use in compact portable radios and sound equipment. Its high impedance makes output transformers unnecessary, and therefore reduces space requirements, production costs, and distortion. It has a frequency range of 450 to 4,500 c/s and weighs only 1.55 ounces. Like all Foster speakers its cone is made of select kapok fiber by a patented method that assures exceptional tone quality, low resonance, and great resistance to cone break·up. 5A61 also uses Foster's own special high precision magnetic circuit.
Foster speakers are now available in production quantities for immediate delivery anywhere in the world. For details about quality Foster speakers write directly to the address below.
~
CHERRY ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS CORP.,
P .O. Box 438-5, Highland Park, Ill. The E19-00A combines two switches into one compact case permitting control of four independent circuits. This double pole, enclosed general purpose switch features special coil spring for long life. Designed to simplify circuitry, provide accurate control and offer flexibility in circuitry design. Suitable for 3 phase motor control. Standard 1-in. mounting holes. (325)
Magnetic Amplifier Will Fire Any SCR
MACE CORP., 900 N.E. 13th St., Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., offers the P series self-regulating scr firing magnetic amplifier that has fail-safe bias. Design is based on the scr as a current triggered device and is thus capa ble of delivering 200 ma short circuit current but with a low rms current output. Unit delivers 6 v peak with rise time of 100 µ.sec and pulse duration of 1 millisec for 60 cycle units. Special feedback assures extremely high stability with temperature variation and voltage variation. (326)
FOSTER ELECTRIC CO., l TD.
· 384 Shimo-Renjaku, Mitako, Tokyo, Japan · CABLE: FOSTERELECTRIC MUSASHINOMITAKA
P-C Board Coating
COLUMBIA TECHNICAL CORP., Woodside 77, N.Y. A single-component,
·
CIRCLE 213 ON READER SERVICE CARD
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 99 ON READER SERVICE CARD 99
polyurethane coating, HumiSeal type 1A22, is recommended for use where excellent adhesion, flexibility and solderability are important. CIRCLE 327, READER SERVICE CARD
[fill_ . ,,' ~
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
TRANS-AIRE BLOWERS Ideal for use where excessive heat is generated by equipment in an enclosed rack, cabinet or console. They draw in fresh air or exhaust heated air. These blowers. occupy less area, and a smaller panel space than others having similar air displacement capability. They are the lowest priced units of equal capacity and performance. To prevent overheating they have thermal overload protection. Automatic reset. Available in three sizes with air displacement from 100 cfm. to 700 cfm.
TEM·STAT When the contents of an enclosure become overheated, the Bud Tern-Stat actuates a warning device, turns on a blower or shuts off current, thus preventing damage to costly electronic components. Available in two temperature ranges.
See these two Bud products at your distributor or write for literature.
SCR-601-Rfl HIGH SPEE D SIGNALING RELAY
CIRCLE 214 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Circuit Board Coolers Feature Low Profile
W A K E FIELD ENGINEERING, INC.,
Wakefield, Mass., has designed a line of Delta-T circuit board coolers with low profile and flat bottom (as required for printed circuits and externally mounted power supplies ) . Models 601 and 602 accept hex. sizes up to U in. and are suitable for T0-8. Models 621, 623 and 641 accept all standard transistor case styles and hex. sizes up to 1 l in. (328)
leave well enough
alone?
no!
Rixon' s SCR-601 semiconductor relay is an excellent device. It works quietly and efficiently, even at high data rates like 2400 bits per second (more than 4000 words per minute.) So why tamper with it? Well, mainly because we got curious about RF! problems. The result-shown above with its case removed-is the SCR-601-RFI relay.
We added filters to each input/o utput connection except the ground lead , and, just to be safe, we enclosed them in a brass sheath. The whole filter assembly fits between the two printed circuit cards. Result? Now we have an ultra quiet signalling relay for applications where security is standard operating procedure.
For more information about this relay , with or without RFI suppression, con tact the Marketing Department at ···
--=='?? 7
RI~ON ELECTRONICS, INC. ...:::::::~
2121 IN DU STR I AL PAR KWAY- M0 NTGOM ERY IN DU STR I AL PARK- SILVER SPRING, MARYLAN D
TELEPHO NE: 622-2121
TWX: S SPG 213
100 CIRCLE 100 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Radial Lead Resistors Designed for P-C Board
CHARLES T. GAMBLE INDUSTRIES,
Reeder & Monroe Sts., Riverside, N. J., offers subminiature radial lead, encapsulated, wire wound resistors for p-c board application. On all resistance values of 500 ohms and above, the resistors are noninductively wound. Max resistance value is 50,000 ohms. Tolerance is from ± 1 to ± 0.01 percent. Temperature coefficient is 10 ppm per deg C. Operating temperature is 125 C at 0.1 w. Size is 0.093 by 0.375 long. (329)
Extension Wire
DEKORON PRODUCTS DIVISION, Samuel Moore & Co., Mantua, 0. Thermocouple extension wire, type CMX
electronics
Twist-Ex, is designed for use wit h computers and other equipment demanding a signal free from extraneous noise. (330)
w·IShat
~our business
L_
D-C/ D-C Converter Designed for Missiles
SON EX, INC., 20 E. H erman St ., Philadelphia 44, Pa. The TEX-3603 is an all solid state high environmental d-c to d-c converter developed for aircraft and missile applications where reliability, size and weight are of prime consideration. This power supply converts 28 v d-c t o the range of 200-250 v d-c
for a B + power source for trans-
mitt ers requiring up to 140 ma. Ripple on the output is less than 1 v peak-to-peak at full load. Unit will operate from -40 F to + 165 F. (331)
Clock Standard Used in Counters
NORTHEASTERN ENGINEERING, INC.,
25 S. Bedford St., Manchester, N. H. Model 18-10 clock standard is a basic oscillator which is used in Northeastern electronic counters to obtain t he high degree of accur acy and st ability specified for them. It produces both 1 Mc and 100 Kc frequencies . It features
September 14, 1962
·
If you are manufacturing your own magnetic components profitably, we welcome the competition. However, most companies who manufacture their OW!l components are doing so as a sideline. 1 They believe they're saving money.
But there are always "hidden" costs in making your own parts. In many instances, your sideline operation hurts your over-all profit and loss statement because you are operating outside your specialty. The time, money and effort put into your sideline could actually be more wisely invested in your main business, where you are the expert.
At Aladdin Electronics, we have no sideline business. All of our time and effort is devoted to the research, development, engineering and production of pulse and wide-band transformers, inductors, micromodule and microelement components.
If you use magnetic components in your business, tell us about it. Then let us show you how to save money by buying instead of making.
+
~
TM
,..-where the magic of magnetics is a science.. .
nashville 10, tennessee phone : 242-3411, code 615
twx: 615-244-1534
CIRCLE 101 ON READER SERVICE CARD 101
dual oven vacuum-insulated construction, with oscillator and divider circuits in the inner oven, and dual temperature control operated by a high resolution mercury thermostat. CIRCLE 332, READER SERVICE CARD
NEW GAS DISCHARGE INDICATION TUBE FOR SMALL SIGNALS
Designed specifically for display indicator use in transistorized electronic equipment, the TG121A glow discharge tube offers important advantages over neon indicators and miniature incandescent lamps. Of prime importance is the fact that it can be switched on and off by an input signal of a few volts and thus can be operated directly by ordinary transistor output voltage without amplification. Since it is a cold cathode device there is no heating problem such as is encountered with miniature lamps, even when many are used. This advantage coupled with its small size (length 18mm, diameter 8mm) makes it ideal for miniaturized equipment. Characteristics are stable and life is practically limitless. Detailed specifications and application information are available from our representatives listed below.
Band Pass Filters Cover 1.0 Ge to 10.75 Ge
APPLIED MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS,
INC., 6707 Whitestone Road, Baltimore 7, Md. Series of coaxial band pass filters cover the frequency range from 1.0 Ge to 10.75 Ge in four bands. Insertion loss is 1.0 db max. Rejection at 0.5 of the lower cutoff frequency and 1.5 of the higher cutoff frequency is 60 db. Filters are designed to withstand environmental conditions of MILE-5272. (333)
FUJI TSUSHINKI SEIZO K.K.,
TOKYO, JAPAN
RePresented by:
·The Nlssho American Corporation O New York 5, 80 Pine St., WH 3-7840 O Chicago 3, 140 s. Dearborn St., CE 6·1950 ·The Nlssho Pacific Corporation D San Francisco 4, 120 Montgomery St., YU 2·7901 D Los Angeles 14, 649 S. Olive St., MA 7·7691
CIRCLE 102 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Only 71/2 cents a week is the easy way! ($6 one year, $9 for two years, $12 three years.) Just fill in the handy "For subscriptions" section of the Reader Service Card in this issue ... and you'll get instant subscription.
electronics; 330 West 42nd St., N. Y. 36.
Coder and Searcher Operate Automatically
AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS LABORA-
TORY, Deer Park, L. I., N. Y., has available a coder and searcher that automatically retrieves and edits data recorded on analog magnetic tape. Use of the units makes it possible for researchers to examine graphical records for data of interest, locate the data on the magnetic tape record, and replay it for subsequent analysis and processing. This automatic method is less difficult and less time-consuming than methods now used in simul-
102
electronics
taneous recording of data on bo-thgraphical recorders and magnetic tape recorders. (334)
·- ---1
1
L-V Power Supplies Have High Regulation
POWER SOURCES, INC., Northwest Industrial Park, Burlington, Mass., has developed a line of low voltage power supplies. Regulation (line) is better than 0.01 percent or 2 mv (whichever is greater) for input variations from 105-125 v a-c. Regulation (load) is better than 0.01 percent or 2 mv (whichever is greater) for load variations from zero to full load. (335)
.05% RPM ACCURACY! 24·30 VDC RANGE! 0.4 OZ·IN TORQUE! 2000 HR MINIMUM!
Impossible? Prove it yourself!
Decade Vernier Pot Has High Resolution
J OHN FLUKE MFG. CO., INC., P.O. Box 7428, Seattle 33, Wash. Model 40A decade vernier pot is a precision voltage divider consisting of high accuracy fixed resistors and a precision wirewound pot which provides continuous interpolation between decade steps. This combination provides linearity accuracy to better than 1 part in 1,000 and resolution of more than 0.02 percent. (336)
D-C Amplifier
EPSCO INSTRUMENTS, 275 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge 39, Mass. Model ADS-1 wideband d-c amplifier is a solid state, chopper stabilized amplifier for use where low noise and drift are of prime importance with high and low source impedance alike. (337)
September 14, 1962
We're confident that you can't make our Chronometric A.a;1ableasshownorwUhlnte1ra11mhead.
motor K5801 go wrong. We tried. We varied line voltage.
We varied load. We receive constant rpm's every time.
The A. W. Haydon Company's Chronometrically governed
DC timing motor, K5801 will deliver 0 to 0.4 oz.· in.
torque at 3600 rpm, accurate to ±.05% over a range
of 24-30 vdc! It will do this for at least 2000 hours!
K5801 weigbs only 9 oz.; will take ambient temperatures
from -55°C to +100°C; vibration from 5-2000 cps at
lOg; shock at lOOg for 11±1 milliseconds, and draw 4
watts maximum. Recalibration, if necessary, may be done
quickly to ± .02% with a 60 cps strobe light and a screw-
driver. All this ·in a package only 2V4" long by 1%"
avnoN diameter. This is amighty motor indeed. Mighty accurate.
1UIU111 Mighty reliable. Write The A.W. Haydon Company for
l l l orderin_g information and test procedure booklet SP?·4,
U
n -c-O_M_Pi_l _N-Y
or see your nearest A.W. Haydon sales representative. 235 NORTH ELM sT.. wATEReuRHo. coNN.
CIRCLE 103 ON READER SERVICE CARD 103
PRODUCT BRIEFS
The walls of the short piece of ultra-thin tubing are only .0005 in. thick, or one-third the thickness of cigarette paper.
New element for electronic designs
ULTRA-THIN WALL TUBING-only .0005 in. thick
Superior now offers you ultra-thin tubing with walls only one-third the thickness of cigarette paper. Among its applications is the support of miniature vacuum tube cathode sleeves.
As of now we can make tubing with walls as thin as .0005 in. But we may go thinner! We have only begun to explore the capabilities of our unique process-cannot yet foresee the limit.
So far we have made tubing from Nickel 200 ("A" Nickel) and 803 nickel-203 chrome alloy. We believe that the development of electronic applications will require tubing made from some other materials.
Our ultra-thin wall tu bing permits new extremes in miniaturization. It offers the obvious advantage of light weight-and of highest strength because of its cylindrical cross section. Its heat conductivity is less than cathode supports with their thicker walls; hence it reduces heater power requirements. It has good electrical conductivity and is easy to weld or solder to cathodes and other metal parts.
Could Superior's ultra-thin tubing improve your design? Write Superior Tube Company, 2500 Germantown Ave., Norristown, Pa., for any help with your problem you may desire.
NORRISTOWN, PA. West Coast: Pacific Tube Company, Los Angeles, California
Johnson & Hoffman Mfg. Corp., Carle Place, N. Y. -an affiliated company making precision stampings and deep-drawn parts
104 CIRCLE 104 ON READER SERVICE CARD
TIMING SEQUENCERS are high speed, all transistorized units. Counting rates programmed to change during cycle. Ken Lee Electronics, 2869 Kennedy St., Livermore, Calif.
CIRCLE 338, READER SERVICE CARD
REGULATOR MODULE for use in space environment. The 1 cu. in. unit weighs 30 grams. Transformer Electronics Co., Boulder Industrial Park, Boulder, Colo. (339)
PLANAR TRIODE AMPLIFIER for tropospheric scatter communications systems. It features 30 db gain (min), 10 Mc bandwidth (min), 10 w power output (min). Airtron, Hanover Ave., Morris Plains, N.J. (340)
RACK MOUNTED D-C METER offers 42 ranges of voltage and current. Price is $575. Boonton Electronics Corp., 738 Speedwell Ave., Morris Plains, N.J. (341)
HIGH FREQUENCY STANDARDS RECEIVER
is all transi storized. It is accurate up to 1 part in 107· Gertsch Products, Inc., 3211 S. LaCienega Blvd., Los Angeles 16, Calif. (342)
DIGITAL VOLTMETER sells for about $395. It has four ranges with an
accuracy of ± 0.1 percent. Dynas-
can Corp., 1801 W. Belle Plaine Ave., Chicago 13, Ill. (343)
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR for airborne and military installations. It is designed for conservative operating speed (3,900 rpm) and long life. Eastern Industries, 100 Skiff St., Hamden 14, Conn. (344)
SOLID STATE DECODER with in-line readout. Unit utilizes plug-in p-c construction. Burroughs Corp., P.O. Box 1226, Plainfield, N .J. (345)
CIRCULAR PLUGS are environmentally resistant. Insulators have a rearrelease contact retention system. Cannon Electric Co., 3208 Humboldt St., Los Angeles 31, Calif. (346)
SILICONE-ASBESTOS LAMINATE solves difficult design problems. It provides Jong term service at high temperatures. Johns-Manville, 22 E. 40th St., N.Y. 16, N.Y. (347)
SILICON POWER TRANSISTORS are 7.5 amp devices. Collector-to-emitter voltage rating is 250 v. Westinghouse Semiconductor Division, Youngwood, Pa. (348)
WIRE-WOUND RESISTORS for commercial and industrial applications. They are available in 3, 5 or 10-w sizes. Clarostat Mfg. Co., Inc., Dover, N.H. (349)
HIGH-VACUUM MOTOR aids manufacture of microcircuits and thin-film elements. Available in 1/20th h-p at 3,200 rpm. Photonetics Corp., Walker Valley, N .Y. (350)
MAGNETIC CIRCUIT uses Hall effect device. Input-to-output linearity is 1
electronics
percent. F. W. Bell, Inc., 1356 Norton Ave., Columbus 12, 0. (351)
CONNECTOR contains 3 either male or female coax and 12 pin or socket contacts. It accommodates standard hardware. AMP Inc., Harrisburg, Pa. (352)
RADIATION-RESISTANT SYNCHRO with very high accuracy. Lead wires are made of silicone impregnated Fiberglas. Sperry Gyroscope Co., Great Neck, N.Y. (353)
TUNNEL DIODE AMPLIFIER for 2.2 to 2.3 Ge. It has an operating noise figure of 3.5 db nominal. Micro State Electronics Corp., 152 Floral Ave., Murray Hill, N.J. (354)
UHF PREAMPLIFIER for the 500 to 1,100 Mc range. Minimum gain is 20 db, noise figure 12 db max. Applied Technology Inc., 930 Industrial Ave., Palo Alto, Calif. (355)
TWO-COLUMN WElLDING MACHINE seals diode parts. It has automatic unloading and transfer devices. Thomson Electric Welder Co., 161 Pleasant St., Lynn, Mass. (356)
MINIATURE LEAD WIRE used at 1200 F. Flexibility and radiation resistance are offered. Rockbestos Wire and Cable Co., Nicoll and Canner Sts., New Haven, Conn. (357)
RELAY SWITCH with a wide range of uses. It is over-center actuated. Chicago Switch Div., F&F Enterprises, Inc., 1733 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago 47, Ill. (358)
L-F OSCILLATOR features ± 0.002 percent accuracy with 1 w output. It operates at any frequency from 50 cps to 7 Kc. Accutronics, Inc., 12 South Island, Batavia, Ill. (359)
HIGH POWER LOADS for waveguide systems in the 2.6 to 12.4 Ge range. Max vswr is 1.10. PRD Electronics, Inc., 202 Tillary St., Brooklyn 1, N.Y. (360)
D-C/ D-C AMPLIFIER measures 1 cu in. It has two isolated input signal
windings and delivers ± 5.0 v.
Acromag, Inc., 15360 Telegraph Rd., Detroit 39, Mich. (361)
SILICONE PASTE for sealing insulation systems. A cure of 10 minutes at 300 F under pressure is adequate for most applications. General Electric Co., Waterford, N.Y. (362)
FILM RESISTORS in ratings of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 w. They have welded leads and a hard, heat-resistant finish. P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc., Indianapolis 6, Ind. (363)
SPDT THERMOSTAT measures 0.400 in. o-d. It is hermetically sealed in compression glass. Elmwood Sensors, Inc., 675 Elmwood Ave., Providence 7, R.I. (364)
HALF HEIGHT SLOTTED LINE in waveguide size WR975. Frequency range is 750 Mc to 1,120 Mc. Antenna Systems, Inc., 349 Lincoln St., Hingham, Mass. (365)
September 14, 1962
.. for real Space-Age RELIABILITY
AIR FRAME RELAY
An inherently dependable design . . . assembled under contaminant-free, super-clean conditions ... gives the Dunco FC-406 the ultimate reliability demanded by the most critical aerospace applications.
Components of the FC-406 are repeatedly cleaned during manufacture, assembled in white rooms and hermetically sealed in inert atmospheres to assure long, fully dependable operation under minimum current, rated load, and severe overload conditions.
Designed primarily for air frame use to MIL-R-6106C, the FC-406 design is also adaptable to MIL-R-5757D applications. A dual coil magnet operating a balanced armature assures resistance to vibration and shock. Bifurcated contacts are used to improve contact life and to insure minimum-current reliability.
Optional mounting and terminal styles as well as self-contained rectifiers for 115V ac coil operation are available. For full details, ask for Data Bulletin FC-406. Address: Struthers-Dunn, Inc., Pitman, N.J.
STRUTHERS-DUNN
Member, National Association of Relay Manuftu:turers
Sales Engineering Offices in: Atlanta · Boston · Buffalo · Charlotte · Chicago · Cincinnati · Cleveland Dallas · Dayton · Denver · Detroit · Kansas City · Los Angeles · Memphis · New York · Orlando Pittsburgh · St. Louis · San Diego · San Francisco · Seattle. Canadian Licensee: Renfrew Electric Co., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Export Department: 1505 Race St., Philadelphia 2, Pa., U.S.A.
CIRCLE 105 ON READER SERVICE CARD 105
When· t'emperature control has
space and weight limitations .·.
... specify the thinnest (0.262 in), lightest (0.1 oz) snap-acting precision thermostats on the market today!
KLIXON® 6786 Precision Thermostats ... for reliable operation in the - 65°F to 450°F ambient temperature range ... offer surprising performance characteristics for their size and weight. They handle electrical loads up to 7 amp, 30 V-ac/dc and 6 amp, 125 V-ac ... deliver 100,000 cycles at 5 amp, 30 V-ac/dc ... resist 30 G impact shock and 40-500 cps vibration at 10 G acceleration.
These semi-enclosed thermostats cost less than sealed devices yet provide all the reliability you need where severe environments are not encountered. Designed to open or close on temperature rise, they're widely used as temperature controls or warning devices in crystal ovens, aircraft motor windings, commercial communication equipment, heaters, fans, servo-mechanisms, gyroscopes, aerial cameras, electronic circuits and components.
Bulletin PRET-5 gives you all the facts about space-saving, weight-saving KLIXON 6786 Series Thermostats. Write for your copy today.
METALS & CONTROLS INC.
~009 FOREST ST.. ATTLEBORO , MASS . A CORPORATE DIVISION OF
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
l<LIXON 6786 SERIES PRECISION
THERMOSTAT (actual size}
106 CIRCLE 106 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Literature
of the Week
MODULAR SWITCH ASSEMBLIES North Atlantic Industries, Inc., Terminal Drive, Plainview, N.Y. Instrumentation data sheet gives electrical and mechanical specifications for modular thumbwheel type switches.
CIRCLE 366, READER SERVICE CARD
INTEGRATING MOTOR TACHOMETER GEN-
ERATORS Kearfott Division, General Precision, Inc., Little Falls, N.J. A catalog sheet covers size 8 temperature-compensated integrating motor tachometer generators. (367)
PULSE EQUIPMENT General Radi o Co., West Concord, Mass. Brochure describes pulse, sweep, and 'time-delay generators, pulse amplifiers, and variable delay lines. (368)
INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMERS Stancor Electronics, Inc., 3501 W. Addison St., Chicago 18, Ill., has published a 40-page industrial catalog of transformers and related components. (369)
VARIABLE RESISTOR CTS of Berne, Inc., Berne, Ind., offers a catalog on a 3-w military grade variable resistor at 2-w industrial price. (370)
PRECISION ANGLE SENSORS Del Electronics Corp., 250 Sandford Blvd., Mount Vernon, N.Y. An engineering manual describes the Multisyn, a device capable of measuring and controlling rotary motion with extreme accuracy. (371)
SYNCHROS Vernitron Corp., 602 Old Country Road, Garden City, N. Y. Data sheet contains specifications to aid in rapid selection of size 23 MIL synchros. (372)
STATIC CONVERTERS Sparton Corp., Jackson, Mich. Product data sheet gives description and specifications of a series of low cost, transistorized d-c/ d-c static converters. (373)
MICROWAVE FILTERS Watkins-Johnson Co., 3333 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, Calif. Technical bulletin covers electronically-tuned microwave filters with rapid-switching capabilities. (374)
ELECTRON BEAM GUNS Brad Thompson Industries, Inc., 83-810 Tamarisk St., Indio, Calif. Catalog describes electron guns for both internal and external mounting with ratings up to 6 Kw. (375)
VIBRATION GAGE Raydata Corp., 1078 E. Granville Rd., Columbus 24, 0., has a bulletin on a self-calibrating, non-contacting instrument for the continuous display of vibration amplitude and frequency. (376)
HIGH VACUUM RELAY Resitron Laboratories, Inc., 3860 Centinela Ave., Los Angeles 66, Calif. Data sheet illustrates and describes the RVS-1
electronics
high voltage, high vacuum transfer relay. (377)
ACCELEROMETER Clevite Electronic Components, 232 Forbes Road, Bedford , 0., has available literature on model 5D41 self-generating, high capacity accelerometer. (378)
RELAYS Ohmite Mfg. Co., 3698 Howard St., Skokie, Ill. A complete line of made-to-order and stock relays is described in a catalog. (379)
CERAMIC CAPACITORS Gulton Industries, Inc., 212 Durham Ave., Metuchen, N. J. Bulletin covers epoxy-coated miniature ceramic capacitors with weldable leads for corclwoocl packaging. (380)
MEDIUM FREQUENCY RECORDER T exas Instruments Inc., 3609 Buffalo Speedway, Houston 6, Texas. Bulletin R-509 illustrates and describes the portable Oscillo/ Riter medium frequency recorder. (381)
HIGH POWER AUDIO AMPLIFIER BrunoN ew York Industries Corp., 460 W. 34th St., New York 1, N. Y. Data sheet describes model 944 compact and r ugged, transistorized 20 w audio amplifier. (382)
CAPACITORS General Electric Co., Schenectady 5, N. Y. Bulletin GEC-1745 contains complete information on a line of fixed paper-dielectric electronic capacitors. (383)
PARTICLE DETECTORS Nuclear Diodes, Inc., 1640 Deerfield Road, Highland Park, Ill. Brochure covers a line of silicon surface barrier charged particle detectors. (384)
POTENTIOMETRIC RECORDER Barber-Colman Co., Rockford, Ill. Buletin F11394 describes a quick change multipoint recorder. (385)
NEW CIRCUITS MANUAL Transmagnetics Inc., 40-66 Lawrence St., Flushing 54, N. Y., offers a technical manual entitled "New Circuits for Solving Unique Design Problems." (386)
MAGNETIC TAPE Computron Inc., 122 Calvary St., Waltham 54, Mass., has published a 10-page booklet entitled "Facts You Should Know About Magnetic Tape." (387)
MAGNETIC AMPLIFIER RELAYS Sigma Instruments, Inc., Braintree 85, Mass. Six-page bulletin covers a series of 400 cps itW-sensitive polarized magnetic a mplifier relays. (388)
FERRITE FOAMS Emerson & Cuming, Inc., Canton, Mass., has published a technical bulletin on Eccofoam Fe, a series of ferrite materials in foam and honeycomb form. (389)
SILICON RECTIFIERS Erie Resistor Corp., 644 W. 12th St., Erie, Pa. Bulle tin 523 presents specifications for a line of miniaturized encapsulated silicon rectifiers. (390)
THIN-FILM MICROCIRCUITS Halex, Inc., 310 E. Imperial Ave., El Segundo, Calif. Advantages and construction of thin-film microcircuits are described in a bulletin. (391)
September 14, 1962
GATE S RADIO COMPANY BUI LDS 50 KW TRANSMITTER FOR VOICE OF AMERICA
UCSXHF 450 40 kv
6 0 AM PS
UCSF 500
MMHC 450
15 kv
55 kv
A.
4 5 AMPS
125 AM PS
B.
A. Output network of Gates HF-50C using Jennings UCSF 500 vacuum variable capacitors. B. Power ampli · tiers with Jennings UCSXHF 450 capacitors in the plate tuning circuit. Jennings capacitors are also used for grid loading, neutralizing, and plate by-pass.
RELIABILITY AND REDUCED SIZE GAINED BY USING
JENNINGS VACUUM CAPACITORS
These new 50 kw high frequency transmitters built by Gates Radio Company are the first available to meet rigid USIA specifications that harmonic and spurious radiation be attenuated at least 80 db. The transmitters only occupy 5x11x6112 feet and are tunable through front panel controls over the entire range of 3.9 to 30 me. Jennings vacuum capacitors are the logical choice where compactness is de· sired because the high strength vacuum dielectric allows them to be made much smaller which results in the added effectiveness of lower inductive losses. Jennings vacuum capacitors are more reliable because the sealed plates never become contaminated . They possess an extremely wide ca pacity change ~atio that makes possible a wide frequency range. Further, vacuum capacitors have a very low dielectric loss and are self sealing after moderate overloads. Jennings 350 types of fixed and variable vacuum capacitors permits selection of the right capacitor to meet your circuit requirements.
Write today for more detailed Information about our complete line of vacuum fixed and variable capaci tors.
I #EJIJlt'n.!Jt RELIABILITY MEANS VACUUM VACUUM MEANS
JENNINGS RADIO MFG. CORP.· 970 McLAUGHLIN AVE.. SAN JOSE 8. CALIF.. PHONE CYpress 2· 4025
CIRCLE 107 ON READER SERVICE CARD 107
PEOPLE AND PLANTS
of directors of Hawley Products Co., St. Charles, Ill. He was formerly director of manufacturing of the company.
DISCUSSING new product possibilities at Tempo Instrument Incorporated are (left to right) Alfred Multari, vice president and technical director; George J. Sbordone, president; Vincent A. Altomare, marketin{f manager; and Emanuel Poulous, v-p and head of advanced engineering
Sylvania Hires Bruce Barrow
APPOINTMENT of Bruce B. Barrow as a senior engineering specialist at the Applied Research Laboratory of Sylvania Electronic Systems, Waltham, Mass., is announced. He will be concerned with investigation and application of advanced communication systems.
Prior to joining Sylvania, Barrow was a communications scientist and chief of the scientific information group at the Air Defense Technical Center of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, located in the Netherlands.
Sbordone: Making Time With Teamwork
NEW PRESIDENT of Tempo Instrument Incorporated, Plainview, N. Y., is George J. Sbordone. His election comes after H years as vice president and general manager. He succeeds Franklin Meyer, now chairman of the board.
The new president has seen Tempo grow from a handful of men and dollars to a group of 135 employees (25 percent of them engineers), which constitute what he calls the "Tempo Team."
Tempo has committee management. To those who would point out the old saw about the camel being a horse designed by a committee, Sbordone points up the fact that the company was up 27 percent in sales in the first quarter of 1962, and expects to do $2.4 million by this year-an increase of more than 20 percent over 1961.
The company was founded in 1957 to bring an idea into realityan all-electronic, solid-state timer. The first Tempo timer to become a standard component for a missile was for separating the stages of Thor (Douglas). Its timing devices are now used in many American rockets, missiles and satellites.
Although Tempo has been in-
valved primarily in components and subsystems for defense projects, Sbordone emphasized the company's recent progress in devices for industry. For example, it recently developed an all-electronic voltage monitor for electric utilities, and a short magnetostrictive delay line for programmers and computers.
Sbordone brings to his present position a background of 19 years of high level experience in design engineering, project administration cost control and production methods. Before joining Tempo, he spent eight years with Sperry Gyroscope Co., and ten years with Servomechanisms, Inc.
A modest man, Sbordone tells interviewers: "Don't talk about me, talk about Tempo." He says that his only real talent is working with people. He and his wife have four children and live in South Hempstead, Long Island.
Hawley Products Elects Peck
ARTHUR L. PECK has been elected vice president, manufacturing, engineering and research by the board
Ampex Corporation Names N. L. Head
N. LAWRENCE HEAD has been named senior scientist at Ampex Corporation's magnetic tape laboratory in Redwood City, Calif. He was formerly chief of the chemical and materials laboratory, U.S. Air Force Materiel Command, headquartered at Hill AFB, Ogden, Utah.
GD/ Convair Fills Newly-Created Post
w. APPOINTMENT of
J. Martin to
the newly-created post of director
of reliability for General Dynam-
ics/Convair, San Diego, Calif.,
was recently announced by J. H.
Famme, division president.
Martin, with Convair since 1943,
will report directly to the division
president.
"This new alignment," said
Famme, "will enable the company
108
electronics
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OR CURRENT
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0 0 REFERENCE DEVICE
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All Solid State.
Voltages up to 25 voe,
Currents up to 50 Ma. Available in many case designs.
~'7A;~ _/. .
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1207 Lamar Street · Dayton 4, Ohio
~~/
Phone 223-2241 · Area Code 513
·
CIRCLE 21 S ON READER SERVICE CARD
for maximum reliability
SPECIFY BIRTCHER PCB-TAINERS®
NEWLOW COST SPRING CLIPS TO RETAIN PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
PROVIDE EXCELLENT GROUND AND THERMAL PATHS
sPrn~Y WRIGHT
GYRO ELEMENTS PROVEN RELIABILITY
Birtcher PCB-Tainers simplify design and production, provide important cost savings. PCBTainers are tested to retain printed circuit boards under more than 30Gs, vibration up to 2000 cps. Material is beryllium copper for excellent electrical ground and thermal path. Standard lengths for 3/32-in. and 1116-in. boards.
Available from fLUthorized distributors
Send for new technical data sheet with
drawings, test report, complete details,
WRIGHT ~~;.~i:~~y
DIVISION OF SPERRY RAND CORPORATION
DCJltHAlil, #Oltrf'I CA,.Otl#A
~
TELEPHONE 682-8161 -
September 14, 1962
· Pancake Synchros, Resolvers · Torquers, Spin Motors
e· Microsyns, Pick-Offs
THE BIRTCHER CORPORATION
INDUSTRIAL DIVISION
745 S. Monterey Pass Rd. · Monterey Park, Cal.
TUBE/TRANSISTOR/COMPONENT RETENTION AND COOLING DEVICES CIRCLE 210 ON READER SERVICE CARD
CIRCLE 109 ON READER SERVICE CARD 109
A NEW LOW COST
D.C. DIGITAL VOLTMETER
DIGITEC MODEL 200
to give the Department of Defense maximum integration of product reliability, quality control and value control surveillance over development and production of systems and all elements comprising delivered products."
WRITE OR WIRE FOR DEMONSTRATION
loISlcimMm· CIRCLE 216 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Casting Problem?
We pay machining cost on flawed castings. Are you getting this guarantee of quality when you buy castings?
request free Resources$
Capabilities booklet:
BEAN
Morris Bean & Company
Yellow Springs B, Ohio
alum inum & ductile iron foundries
Hoffman Electronics Appoints Lowance
FRANKLIN LOWANCE has joined the Military Products division of Hoffman Electronics Corp., Los Angeles, Calif., as chief scientist.
He comes to Hoffman from Electronic Communications, Inc., where he had been president of that company's Advanced Technology division at Santa Barbara, Calif.
ARRA Promotes Louis Gomez
ANTENNA & RADOME RESEARCH ASSO-
CIATES, Westbury, N. Y., announces the appointment of Louis Gomez to the post of vice president for production.
Gomez' prior position at ARRA was that of plant manager.
Raytheon Company Advances Yates
DONALD N. YATES, who joined Raytheon Company, Lexington, Mass., in 1961 as director of technical planning, has been elected a vice president of the company and ap-
electronics IS EDITED TO KEEP YOU
FULLY INFORMED-
a"we/1-rounded"engineer
What's your present job in electronics? Do you work on computers? ( electronics ran 158 articles on computers between July, 1961 and June, 1962 !) Are you in semiconductors? (For the same period , electronics had 99 articles, not including transistors, solid-state physics, diodes, crystals, etc.) Are you in military electronics? (electronics had 179 articles, not including those on aircraft, missiles, radar, etc.
In all, electronics' 28-man edi-· torial staff provided more than 3,000 editorial pages to keep you abreast of all the technical developments in the industry. No matter where you work today or in which job function (s), electronics will keep you fully informed. Subscribe today via the Reader Service Card in this issue. Only 71h cents a copy at th~ 3 year rate.
electronics
110 CIRCLE 110 ON READER SERVICE CARD
electronics
pointed general manager of its Missile and Space Division.
At the time of his retirement from the Air Force as a lieutenant general in 1961, Yates was Deputy Director of Defense Research and Engineering in the office of the Secretary of Defense.
========~====llLJt=-==-===-======
Communicom Names Tom Cook
COMMUNICOM, a division of Chaskin-Dimmick Corp., Palo Alto, Calif., has announced the appointment of Tom Cook as communications project engineer. He was previously with ITT-Kellogg Communications Laboratory, and prior to that with Lynch Communications Corp.
CAMBION MOLDED CHOKES, Series 2960, are available to conform to
requirements of MIL-C-153058, MS75008-1 thru -20. Series 2950 covers MS91189-1 thru-13.
For specifications, ranges and prices, call, wire or write today to Cambridge Thermionic
Irving Adams
=
Joins Airtron
IRVING ADAMS has joined the solid Corporation, 437 Concord
state materials staff of Airtron, a
division of Litton Industries, Mor- Ave., Cambridge 38, Mass.
ris Plains, N. J . He was previously
vice president of Optech, Inc., in Phone: TRowbridge 6-2800
charge of crystal growth and pure
materials research.
Bausch & Lomb Names Hasler a Director
MAURICE F. HASLER, chairman of the board of Applied Research Lab-
September 14, 1962
CIRCLE 11 1 ON READER SERVICE CARD 111
more usable
sensitivity
10 me to
44,000mc
IN ONE TUNING HEAD
oratories, Inc., Glendale, Calif., has been named a director of Bausch & Lomb Inc., Rochester, N. Y. Applied Research Laboratories is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bausch & Lomb.
0
PHASE ACCURACY
with ITT /SCHOMANDL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
Announce Formation of New Company
FORMATION of a new electronics firm in San Diego known as Micronetics Inc. has been announced by its president, Robert E. Honer. Company specializes in microwave instrumentation systems.
Honer was formerly manager of product planning for Lockheed's Missiles and Space Co. at Sunnyvale, Calif.
BAND
SENSITIVITY
1. 10- 420 MC -100* to-110 dbm
2. 350-1000 MC - 95* to-105 dbm
l. 910-2200 MC -105* to-110 dbm
4s..
1980-4500 MC 4 .5 -10.88 KMC
-100* to-105 dbm -100* to-110 dbm
6. 10.88-18.0 KMC - 95* to-105 dbm
7. 18.0 -26.4 KMC - 85* to- 95 dbm
8. 26.4 -44.0 KMC - 75* to- 90 dbm
* Guaranteed min. sensitivity throughout bands
Tuning head includes one triode and two klystron oscillators. Model SPA-4a offers more exclusive ad. vantages for applications demanding extreme sensitivity, stability, versatility, accuracy.
· Exceptionally low distortion · Highly resolved analyses · Three precisely calibrated amplitude scales-io db log. linear and power (square law) · Two independent frequency dispersion rangescontinuously adjustable 0-70 me and 0-5 me. Very low internal frequency modulation permits extremely narrow band analysis · Variable I. F. band. width from I kc to 80 kc · Push-button frequency selector · Synchroscope output with 60 db gain · Accurate measurement of small frequency differ. ences. A self contained marker oscillator. modu. lated by a calibrated externa l generator. provides
accurate differential marker pips as close as 2 kc.
Tr emend o us flexibility and many unique advantages of Panoramic's compact SPA-4a make it unsurpassed for visually analyzing FM, AM and pulsed signal systems; instabilities of oscil· lators; noise spectra; detection of parasitics ;
studies of harmonic outputs; radar systems and other signal sources.
Write. wire or phone today for detailed SPA-4a bulletin.
SEE Panoramic "in action" at the EIME exhibits
530 So. Fulton Ave., Mount Vernon, N. Y. (Area Code 914) OWens 9-4600
TWX: MT-V-NY-5229 Cable: Panoramic, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. State
Siltronics Names Schuyler Kase
SILTRONICS, INC., Pittsburgh electronics and communications manufacturer, has named Schuyler Kase as its director of new product development.
Kase comes to Siltronics from Norwalk, Conn., where he served as assistant director of Engineering in the Perkin Elmer Corp.
Frequency Engineering Hires Jamison
RUSSLIN P. JAMISON has joined Frequency Engineering Labora-
112 CIRCLE 112 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Produces or measures frequencies from 50 cps to 31 me* to accuracy of a 100 kc reference source.
EXTREME STABILITY
is achieved since every 1 kc step is phase-locked reducing "phase jitters" to less than 6°.
DECADE CALIBRATION FREQUENCY RANGE -
50 cps to 31 me
·with accessories, range can be ex· tended from 0.1 cps to 40 kmc.
ACCURACY - TO 6°
OUTPUT VOLTAGE -
Greater than 50 mv
F.O.B. San Fernando, California
For further information write for Data File E-1810-1
Industrial Products Division
International Teleptaone and hle1r1pt1 Corporation 15191 lltdsoe Street· Sin rern1ndo, C1lil . · EMpire 7-616'
CIRCLE 217 ON READER SERVICE CARD
tories, Asbury Park, N. J., as electrical engineer in the firm's Systems Engineering Group. He will be assigned to the AN/WLR-1 countermeasures receiver program recently awarded Frequency Engineering by the U. S. Navy.
Jamison was formerly with Hill Electronics, Inc., Mechanicsburg, Pa.
PEOPLE IN BRIEF
Donald S. Jones advances to asst. g-m of Bendix-Scintilla. Kenneth E. Hunter moves up to v-p, g-m of the Hycon Mfg. Co. William D. Gabor, ex-Perkin Elmer Corp., named senior project engineer in the Communications div. of Manson Laboratories, Inc. Harold Goldstein, formerly with Budd Electronics and the Lewyt Corp., JOms Paradynamics, Inc., as senior member of the technical staff. M. L. Clevett, Jr., previously with Lockheed Aircraft Corp., appointed to the research engineering staff of the Spindletop Research Center. Taylor Corp. ups Fred P. Baughman to v-p, R&D. Neil L. Brown leaves Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute to become research mgr. of Hytech div. of The Bissett-Berman Corp. Russell K. Jackson, formerly with Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co., now production mgr. of Schaevitz Engineering. Robert F. Schulz, ex-Sylvania Electronic Systems, named mgr. of manufacturing for Applied Technology, Inc. Middletown div. of Aeronca Mfg. Corp. promotes Raymond A. Rugge to director of engineering. John F. Moore of Lockheed Electronics appointed consulting scientist for the company. John IC Shelley, previously with the FAA, has joined Systems Inc. as asst. to the v-p of engineering. Arthur R. J. Johnson advances to mgr., system products for the Systems div. of Beckman Instruments, Inc. Peter M. Kelly transfers from Ford Motor Co. to the Philco Scientific Laboratory as associate director. A. Robert Masters moves up to president of the Hugh H. Eby Co., succeeding Jules Sussman who has been elected chairman of the board.
September 14, 1962
ask
M A RK E M
to show you how to identify
#A-104660 4000 OHMS
C P. CLARE&CO CHICAGO. ILL
your products'
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For a complete in-plant analysis of all your product identification processes-or a practical answer to a specific problem-call in your local Markem Technical Representative. Markem Machine Co., Electronics Division, Keene 5, N. H.
12-page catalog on request. Please use inquiry card.
M A RK E M
HELPS YOUR PRODUCT SPEAK FOR ITSELF
CIRCLE 113 ON READER SERVICE CARD 113
There's business out there.
You're looking at more than a horizon. It's a future, yours and America 's. Out there is Europe and Latin America and Asia and Africa. But in 1960, of all U. S. manufacturers, less than 5% saw these foreign shores for what they are worth: a 19-billion-dollar export market, a vast source of foreign trade.
Move in for your share. Build your business and help keep America growing. Extra production creates more jobs, helps balance the outflow of gold, and wins new friends abroad with U. S.-made products.
Even if you've never sold overseas, you have a rare op-
portunity to start-now. Your U.S. Department of Commerce
will help with counsel by experts on what, where and how to
sell-with data on credits, payments and financing. A pack-
age of invaluable know-how is yours for the asking.
Now's the time to discover the many ways in which your
business can grow. In the lucrative export markets. In new
U. S. markets. In developing new products. In attracting new
industry to your community. Just write or phone the U.S.
Department of Commerce Office of Field Services in ~-1'
your city, or Washington 25, D. C. They are ready to .
:-
help you grow with America!
~~
NOW'S THE TIME TO GET GROWING IN A GROWING AMERICA!
114
electron ics
EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIE$
h
electronics
WEEKLY QUALIFICATION FORM FOR POSITIONS AVAILABLE
ATTENTION: ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS, PHYSICISTS
This Qualiflcatian Form is designed to help you advance in the elecIronies industry. It is unique and compact. Designed with the assistance of professianal personnel management, it isolates specific experience in electronics and deals only in essential background information.
The advertiser1 listed here are 1eekln9 professional experience. Fill in the Qualiflcation Form below.
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
Your Qualification form will be handled as "Strictly Confidential" by ELECTRONICS. Our proce11ing system ls such that your form will be forwarded within 24 hour1 to the proper executives In the companies you seled. You will be contacted at your home by the interested companies.
WHAT TO DO
1. Review the pa1ltlon1 In the advertiaemHts. 2. Seled those for which you qualify. 3. Notice the key number1. 4. Circle the corresponding key number below the Quallflcatlon Form. 5. Fill out the form completely. Please prinr clearly. 6. Mail to: D. Hawksby, Classifled Advertising Div., ELECTRONICS,
Box 12, New York 36, N. Y. (No charge, of course).
COMPANY
SEE PAGE
ATLANTIC RESEARCH CORPORATION
109·
Jansky & Bailey Div.
Alexandria, Va .
ATOMIC PERSONNEL INC .
117
Philadelphia, Pa .
BELL AEROSYSTEMS CO. Division of Bell Aerospace Corporation-
110*
A Textron Company Buffalo, New York
BRISTOL COMPANY Waterbury, Conn .
110*
DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT CO .,
37*
Missile & Space Systems Division
Santa Monica, California
ESQUIRE PERSONNEL
116
Chicago, Illinois
GENERAL DYNAMICS/ ELECTRONICS A Div. of General Dynamics Corp.
108*
Rochester. New York
HOUSTON INSTRUMENT CORP. Bellaire, Texas
110*
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
116
Pasadena, California
LOCKHEED CALIFORNIA COMPANY
66
A Div. of Lockheed Aircraft Corp. Burbank, California
MICROWAVE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL INC. Denville, New Jersey
110*
MOLONEY ELECTRIC CO. St. Louis, Mo.
110*
NORTHROP CORP.
93, 95
Norair Div. Hawthorne, California
NORTHROP CORP. Space laboratories
93, 97
Hawthorne, California
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LABS. Sub. of Ford Motor Co.,
107*
Palo Alto, California
(CONTINUED ON FOLLOWING PAGE)
KEY #
2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
~------------------~~-----------····- (cut here)
electronics WEEKLY QUALIFICATION FORM FOR POSITIONS AVAILABLE
(cut here)
(Please type or print clearly. Necessary for reproduction.)
Personal Background
Education
NAME
PROFESSIONAL DEGREE(S) ···········.·····················
HOME ADDRESS ··.····..·....··.·.···..··..···········.
MAJOR(S) .....··..····································
CITY .·..·······.·····..·· ZONE ...·.. STATE ..···.·......
UNIVERSITY ...·.··· , ·····.····························
HOME TELEPHONE ·..·.······.·..·.....·.··.·.··········.
DATE(S) .·.·····················.······················
FIELDS OF EXPERIENCE (Pl1111 Ch11k)
0Aere111·ce
D Fire Control
0Radar
9/ 14/ 62
OA11tHHI
0 Human Factera
0Radl-TY
0Asw
0 Infrared
Ost·ulatera
Oclrc·ltl
0 ln1trum111tatlH
Oselld State
D c · · · H l c . t t. . .
0MediciH
0Telemetry
Oc..., ...."
De ·· ,.,.,.
0EcM
0 Electron T··n
0 Engineering Writi11g
0Mlcrowave
0 Tra111f.,.ers
0Navigat1H 0 Operations Research Ooptlcs 0Packaging
00ther ··············
0 .................. . 0 .................. . 0 ... ............... .
CATEGORY OF SPECIALIZATION
Please indicate number of months experience on proper lines.
RESEARCH (pure, fundamental, ·aalc)
Ttcll·lr.1
lllJtrlHce (Melltlls)
SuJerwlaory
E11J1rl1111 (M1lltlls)
RESEARCH (Applied)
SYSTEMS (New Cence11t1)
DEVELOPMENT (Model)
DESIGN (Product)
MANUFACTUI. . . (Product)
FIELD (Service) SALES (Proposals & Products)
CIRCLE KEY NUMBERS OF ABOVE COMPANIES' POSITIONS THAT INTEREST YOU
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
September 14, 1962
115
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS
Explore Today's Most Advanced Projects in
Near and Deep
SPACE COMMUNICATIONS
Vehicle-to-Ground ) ( Vehicle-to-Vehicle
A diversity of advanced communl· cations problems offer you stimulating assignments at Republic's Missile Systems Division. These in· clude communications systems for a number of next-generation satellites and hypersonic vehicles. Em· phasis is on applications of new digital techniques In wideband In· formation transmission; multiplex· Ing, security coding and noise reduction. Re-entrY blackout com· munications problems are under study; new concepts in IR cameras are under development.
Openings at all levels on
Systems and Component Design & Development.
Systems Analysis, & Test Programs for
MICROWAVE ENGINEERS RADAR ENGINEERS
COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERS IR & OPTICS SPECIALISTS DIGITAL COMPUTER SPECIALISTS
Also, unusually varied assignments for CIRCUIT DESIGN ENGINEERS with experience in transistorized UHF & microwave systems, including: High Frequency Pulse Circuits, Digital Computer Building Blocks, RF Circuits, Communication Coding Circuits, Feedback Control Circuits.
Write Mr. Paul Hartman, Technical Employment Supervisor
MISSILE SYSTEMS DIVISION REPUBLIC
AVIATION CORPORATION
223 Jericho Turnpike Mineola, Long Island, New York
·
An Equal Opportunity Employer
116
ENGINEERS: Systems, Design,
Development PHYSICISTS
opportunity and advancement are
'GO'
at VITROI
DYNAMIC EXPANSION
CREATES NEW
CAREER POSITIONS
Vitro laboratories is expanding on ail fronts ·· ; missile systems engineering ... design and development ... analysis .·. research and study. We are stretching the parameters of knowledge in space, in the air, on the ground and underseas.
We invite you to enter the "go" climate of Vitro.
Vitro is a good place to work. Here you will find a professional atmosphere conducive to original and imaginative thinking. Skilled clerical and technical support frees you to concentrate on the creative aspects of your assignments, and salaries are at a level worthy of your attention . You will advance as last as your talents allow .
Career appointments are available immediately in the following areas:
MISSILE SYSTEMS ENOINEERINO Polaris, Typhon, Talos, Tartar
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT Digital equipment ASW equipment Underwater vehicles Simulators· Torpedoes Electro-mechanical launching equipment
ANALYSIS Radar and IR systems Digital and analog equipment Fire control systems
RESEARCH & STUDY Reliability and feasibility studies Basic and applied research Weapons systems analysis Acoustic studies ASW studies WRITE OR PHONE COLLECT for details: Manager, Professional Employment
-.filriiLABOHATOH/£8
Division of Vitro Corporation ot America
Dept. Silver
S.4p4ri1n1g4,00M0aGryelaorngdia
Ava ·
(Residential suburb of Washington, D. C.)
Phone : WHitehall 2-7200
An equal opportunity employer
dDI
neeHs
SENiOR ELECTRONIC DESIGN ENGINEERS
To design flight hardware to be used in lunar and planetary spacecraft. Responsibilities begin with initial design and carry on through spacecraft systems tests.Specific assignments involve:
Auto-calibration and checkout of PCM space telemetry systems. Optimum data filtering prior to analog to digital conversion.
Special purpose digital computer for optimum detect10n of pulse code modulation. BSEE or MSEE is desired.
Send complete resume to PERSONNEL DEPT.
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
Operated by California Institute of Technology tor the National Aeronautics & Space Administration
4814 OAK GROVE DR. · PASADENA, CALIF.
"An equal opportunity employer"
CHIEF ENGINEER
To $22,500 Per Year
BSE E. however a MS or PH D is preferred. Expe. rience at the department or program level. where groups of engineering and support personnel were
supervise d. Knowledge of Digital Systems and Solid State Devices required. Company client assumes all expenses.
ESQUIRE PERSONNEL SERVICE INC.
202 S. State St.
Chicago 4, Ill.
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
Thousands of $7,000·$35,000 Executive & Tec hnical jobs available. Get free report. National Employment Reports, 105 W. Adams, AB. Chicago 3.
electronics
WEEKLY QUALIFICATIONS FORM FOR POSITIONS AVAILABLE
(Continued from preceding page)
REPUBLIC AVIATION CORPORATION Farmingdale, Long Island, New York
REPUBLIC AVIATION CORPORATION Missile Systems Div. Mineola, Long Island, New York
SCHUMBERGER WELL SURVEYING COR~ Ridgefield, Connecticut
SPACE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES INC. Sub. of Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc. Redondo Beach, California
U. S. NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY Port Hueneme, California
VITRO LABORATORIES Div. of Vitro Corp. of America Sliver Spring, Maryland
P-9428
* These advertisements appeared
iss ue .
109* 116
117 15*
108* 116 117 in the
16 17
18 19
20 21 22 9/ 7/ 62
electronic s
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS
or PHYSICISTS
Sch lumberg er W e ll Su rveying Corpora· tion maintains a program of longrange indust rial resea rch p rojects at its Rese a rch Laboratory in Ridgefield, Connec ti cut .
Th e program includes such scientific fields as e lectromagnetic theory, wave propa· ga t ion, nuclear phys ics, nuclear magnetic resonance, electronic systems, data processing, sonics, physical chemistry and fluid flow in porous me dia.
Our open ings are for graduate electrical or electronic engineers or physicists
with a min imum of 3 years experience
in industry or in a research laboratory. The candidates should be familiar with electromagnetic theory.
The experimental projects underway in our Electronic Systems Section are concerned with electromagnetic field distributions, high voltage equipment and solid state circuitry.
Our laboratory is located in a small
Connecticut town about 50 miles north-
east of New York City. The facilities at the Laboratory are extensive and modern. Working conditions and fringe benefits are consistent with the highest industrial standards.
Please send brief resume
to Mr. J. J. McNamara.
SCHLUMBERGER WELL SURVEYING CORPORATION
P. 0. Box 307
Ridgefield, Connecticut
E. E.'s
for FEE-PAID Positions WRITE US FIRST!
Use our confide ntial application for profession a l, individualized s e rvice ·. . a complete national techn ical employm e nt a gency.
ATOMIC PERSONNEL, INC. Suite 1207L, 1518 Walnut St., Phlla. 2. Pa.
RESEARCH SCIENTIST
Leadinq manufacturer of guidance instruments and control devices in Southern California needs imaginative scientist with backqround in micro electronics. Must have ability to write engineering proposals and to present new product ideas to customers. Requires Phd in Physical Sciences. Minimum 5 years experience. Salary open.
ASSOCIATE SCIENTIST
M.S., E. E. Minimum S years solid state design. Salary open .
P -9428, E lectron ics 255 California St., San Francisco 11, Calif.
An equal opportunity employer.
September 14, 1962
SEAR CH LIGHT SECTION
( C/assd1cd Advcrt1 s1ng )
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
EQUIPMENT - USED or RESALE
DISPLAYED
---RATES---
UNDISPLA YEO
The advertising is $27.25 per inch for all advertising other than on a contract basis.
AN ADVERTISING INCH is measured 'le" vert. on a column, 3 cols.-30 inches-to a page . EQUIPMENT WANTED or FOR SALE ADVERTISE-
MENTS acceptable only in Displayed Style.
$2.70 a line, minimum 3 line s. To figure advance payment count 5 overage words as a line.
BOX NUMBERS count as one line additio nal.
DISCOUNT of 10% if full payment is made in a dva nce for four consecutive insertions.
Send NEW ADVERTISEMENTS or Inquiries to Classified Adv. Div. of Electroni cs, P. 0. Box 12, N . Y. 36. N . Y.
~~:.;:Atit-t(NA PEDESTAL--,
~~Jp/584-MP 618
Full ai imuth ond elevation sweeps 360 degrees in az imuth. 210 degrees in elevation. .Accurate to 1 mil. or better over system. Complete for full tracking response. Angle acceleration rote: AZ , 9 degrees per second squared El, A degrees per second squared . Angle slewing rote : AZ 20 degrees per uc. El . 10 degrees per sec. Can mount up to o 20 ft . dish. Angle frocking rote: 10 degrees per sec. Includes pedestal dr ives, selsyns, potentiometers, drive molars, control ompildynes. Excellent condition. Quon· .tity in stock for immediate shipment. Ideal for miuile & sotellite tracking, antenna pattern ranges, radar system, radio astronomy, any project requiring accurate response in efe..,ation and azimuth. Complete description in McGraw -Hill Radiation loborotory Series, Volume 1, page 28.f and page 209, and Volume 26, page 233.
2 MEGAWATT PULSERS (A ) 3 1 KV at GO amps .002 Du<.y Cycle Ideal
for 5J 26 at 500 KW $950. ([!) 3 0 KV at 70 am ps . 00 1 D uty Cyc le.
$1250 w/oulse o utpu t trans.
MIT MODEL 9 PULSER
MEGAWATT-HARD TUBE Ou tvu t pulse power 25K V at 40 amp. Max. d uty ratio: .00 2. Uses 6C21 pu lse tube. Pulse duration .25 to 2 microsec. Input J 15 volts 60
n cycles AC. lncludes oower supply in separate
~~~~~~i1ori1.ndF~ vt3°fsc~i11i'T.~l!~~t~~. 8~e~f~
"Pulse Generators."
SCR 5B4 RADAR AUTO-TRACK 3 CM & 10 CM . Ou r 584s in like new condition. ready to go, and in stock for immediate d ellver:v. Used on A Uant.ic Missile Ua.nge, r ·acitlc l\iissile Range. NASA Wallaps I sland. A.B. M. A. Write us. Fully Desc. MIT Rad . Lab. Series. Vol I. Pl>S. 207 -210. 228. 284-286.
300 TO 2400MC RF PKG. 300 to 2400MC C\V, Tuneable. Transmitter 10 to 30 Watts. OutpuL As new $375.
AN/TPS-ID RADAR 500 kw. 1220-1359 mes. 160 nautical mile search ran ge P.P. l . and A. Scov es, MTI, th yr&· tron mod. 5J 26 magnetron. Complete system.
AN / TPS TOD HEIGHT FINDER 250 KW X-Band. 60 & 120 mile ranges to 60.000 feet. Complete.
AN/APS-15B 3 CM RADAR
Airborne radar. 40kw outpu t u sing 725A mag-
PPI netron. Model 3 pulser. 30 in . oarabola sta.-
~rn~iiid e:cbt_e~~w.
scope. Complete system.
100 KW 3 CM. X BAND RADAR Complete AN/ APS-23 radar system using: 4J52 magnetron. PPI . antenna 360 degree rotation
I azimuth GO degTee elevation APX. Complete in -
stallation Including gyro sta·bilizer $2800.
M33 TRACKING SYSTEM Complete two va n comolex 3 CM au tomatic tracki n g system and search system (10 CM) like n ew.
CARCINOTRON Type CM 706A Freq . 3000 to 4000 mes. CW. Ou tput 200 Watts minimu m. New, with tull guarantee.
VA-800 KLYSTRON
I. 7 to 2.4 K MC. (conti nuously turnable). IO KW. CW. 50 db Oal n ou tpu t U0 -435 A/U F lan ge $975 each.
500 KW PULSER ~C22 U r d. T hyr. Modulator. 22KV at 28 Amps. W/ HV & Fi l Supplies. 3 pulse length rep rates : 2.25 usec 300 pps. 1.75 usec 550 pps. . 4 usec 2500 DDS. 115V GO cy. \ Vlll deliver n omin al 225 KW X Band using 4J50 magnetron.
L BAND RF PKG. 20 KW peak 990 to 104MC. Pulse width .7 to 1.2 micro sec. R ep rate 180 to 420 ops. I nput 115 \'ac. Incl. Rcreive r $1200.
FOR RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT
& EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Over 10,000 different electronic parts: wave. guide, radar componen ts and parts, test sets, pulsers, antennas, pulse xmfrs, magnetrons. IF and pulse ampllfl ers . dynamotors, 400 cycle xmfrs, 584 ant. pedestals, etc.
PJtlCES AT A FRACTION OF OJtlOINAL COST!
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIP CO . 343 CANAL ST. , N . Y. 13. WO 6- 404 5 CHAS. ROSEN ( Fomerly at 131 Lib erty St. )
CIRCLE 951 ON READER SERVICE CARD
TUBE SPECIALS
3CX100A5 (2C39B ) Test ed an d fu lly
guara nt eed
$9 .95 ea.
6146A Brand new
3.25 ea.
La rg e qua nt. 6050-socket leads (reliable 5676)
Tes ted and fully gua rantee d min . 100 .40 ea .
ELECTRO SALES CO.
1608 Milwaukee Ave. BR 8- 8080
Chi cago 47, Ill.
CIRCLE 952 ON READER SERVICE CARD
TUBE & COMPONENT
FR EE ··· CATALOG BARRY ELECTRONICS
512 BROADWAY NEW YORK 12, N. Y.
WAiker 5-7000 TWX· NY 1-3731
CIRCLE 953 ON READER SERVICE CARD
CIRCLE 950 ON READER SERVICE CARD
can deliver Amphenol Bendix Cannon
CONNECTORS FITTINGS & CLAMPS
We llaclc more than 5,000,000 MS/ AN CONNECTORS . . . of 50,000 variatiansl Jn PRODUCTION QUANTITIES . . . we sell BELOW " 0 .E.M.'' PRICE . . . and offer IMMEDIATE "OFF-THE-SHELF" DELIVERY!
FR EE Send fo r latest brochure , , , " LIST-PRICE SHEET" WILGREEN INDUSTRIES, Inc. 102 Warren Street, New York 7, N. Y. WOrth 4-2490-1-2 Wire : FXK
~#################################·
CIRCLE 954 ON READER SERVICE CARD 117
SEARCHLIGHT SECTION
SPECIAL PURPOSE TU BES
OA2 ......... , .10 4-65A .. . .. .. . 12.00 25Z6WGT ..... 1.50 j 725A . ........ 10.00
OA2WA ....... 2.00 4-125A ....... 20.00 26Z5W...... . . 1.50 726A . ... . .... 5.00
OAJ.......... .85 4-250A ....... 35.00 FG-27A . . ..... 20.00 7268 .... .. ... 5.00
082 ...........60 4-400A ....... 30.00 28D7W ........ 3.50 726C ......... 7.50
OB2WA ....... 2.00 4-lOOOA ...... 80.00 FG-32 ........ 10. 00 750TL ..... ... 112.50
OBJ ......... , .70 4AP10 ...
. 10.00 35T ........ . . 10.00 NL-760 ... .. .. 20.00
OCJ .......... .50 4B31 ......... 12.50 35TG ..
2.50 802........... 7.50
ODJ .......... . 30 4C35 ......... 15.00 FP-54 ........ 100.00 803 .... ...... 3. 50
CIA .......... 8.50 4CX250B . . 30.00 FG-57 ........ 10.00 804 . ..... . ... 15.00
1AD4 ...... .. 1.50 4CX1000A . ... 125.00 RK-60 / 1641 .. 1.50 805...... . . .. . 7.50
1824 ......... 7.50 4D32 ..... . 15.00 HY-69 .
3.00 807 ...... ..... 1.50
1824A . ... .... 12.SO 4J32 . . . . . . . 100.00 BL-75 . . .
3. 00 807W... ..
2.25
1B35A ........ 3.00 4J34 ......... 100.00 75Tl .... .. . 17.50 808 ......
2 ,50
1863A ....... . 10.00 4JSO ........ 100.00 TG-77 ..
7.SO 809 .......
5.00
lC / 3822.. . 5.00 4JS2 ..
. 3S.OO HF-100 .
. 10.00 810 .
.. 17.50
C1K ...
7.50 4PR60A .. .. 50.00 100TH .
. 12.00 811 ...... ..... 2.50
1P21 .
. 32.50 4X1SOA ..
. 13.50 100TL . .. ...... 12.00 811A.. ..... 4.00
1P22 .
8.00 4X1SOD ....... lS.00 I FG-10S .. . . 25.00 812A .
4.75
1P25 .......... 10.00 4X1SOG . . . . . . 25.00 F-123A . .. .. 5.00 813 ..... .. . 12.50
1P28 ...... . 1S.OO 4X2SOB .
. 20.00 FG-172 . . . . .. 2S.OO 814 .....
3 . SO
1Z2 .. .
1.SO 4X2SOF .
. 30.00 211 ....
2.SO 815 .. .. .
5.00
2-0lC . . ...... 12 ,50 2AP1A . .... ... 8.SO
SsBePnlA....
. 9.50 212E ... . .... . . 50.00 816. . . .. . 17 .SO FG-23S . . . . . . S0.00 826. . . ..
2 .2S 3. SO
2823 .
.20.00 SCPlA .
9 .SO 242C ..
.. 10.00 828 ....
. 12 .SO
28P1 ...... . .. 10.00 SCP7A ..... 9.SO 244A ..
3.SO 829B .......... 10.00
2C36 .
. .. . 22 .SO SD21 ....
7 .SO 24SA .
3. SO 832A .
7 .SO
2C39 . ..
S.00 SJ26 ....
.. 50.00 2498 .
. 10.00 833A..
.. . 37.SO
2C39A ..
9.7S SJPl .....
7 .SO 249C .
6 . SO 836.. ...
2.SO
2C398 .
. lS.00 SLPl .....
7 .SO 2SOR .
. 10.00 837 .....
1.00
2C40 .
7.50 SR4GY .
1.2S 2SOTH .
. 2S.OO 842.
. . 7 .SO
2C42 .
3.00 SR4WGA .
4.00 2S1A .
. . S0 . 00 845 .
7 .SO
2C43 . 2C46 .
7 .SO ' SR4WG8 .
6.00 2S4A .
3. SO 849 .
I S.00 SR4WGY ...... 2.00 FG-2S8A . . 100. 00 8Sl ..
. . .7S.OO . S0 .00
2CSO .
4.00 5RP1A ........ 9 .SO 259A .
3. SO 866A .
1.90
2CS1 ....
1.SO 5Y3WGT ...... 1.25 2628 .
3. 50 8698 .
. 50.00
2C52 ...... 1.SO 5Y3WGT8 ..... 2.SO 2678. .
5.00 872A. .
5.00
2CS3 ........ 7 .SO 6AC7W ...... .SO 271A .
.. . 12.SO 884 .... .
1.2 S
2021 .....
.6S 6AC7WA ... 2.00 274A .
3.SO 885 .....
.85
2D21W ....
1.25 6AG5WA ... 1.50 283A .
3.50 889RA .
. 150.00
2E22 ....
3,00 6AG7Y .
1.00 287A .
3. 50 891 R .
. 200.00
2E24 ....
2.25 6AKSW .
1.25 QK-288 . . 250.00 913 .....
9.50
2E26 .....
2.50 6AK5 (WE) .
.75 HF-300 ..
.25 .00 920 .
2 .50
2J42 .....
. 7S.OO 6AL5W..
.60 3008 ......
5.00 927 .....
1.50
2J51 .... .. . 50.00 6AN5 ..
1,75 304TH . .. .. 35 .00 931A .
3. SO
2J55 ....
.. 90.00 6AN5WA ...
3.50 304Tl .
.. 35.00 1000T.... .. . 80.00
2K22 ......... 25 .00 6AQ5W ..
1.00 307A ...
.50 R1130B ..
. 10.00
2K25 .
. 8 .50 6AR6
.75 310A .
3.50 1500T.... .... 150.00
2K26 ........ 35.00 6AS6W ....
1.00 311A .
3.50 1614 .. .. .... .. 2.75
2K28 ..
. 25.00 6AS7G .
2.50 313C.. ..
1.50 1620......
4 .00
2K29 .
. 25 .00 6AU6WA .
1.25 323A ..
6.00 1624 ......
1.00
2K30 .
. . S0.00 684G . . . . . . . . 3.3S 328A . . . .
3. 50 1625 . . . . . .
.SO
2K33A ..
. 200.00 68A6W.. ...... .75 329A ..
4.50 1629 .......
. SO
2K34 . . . . . . . .75.00 6BE6W ....
1.50 336A .
2 .50 1846 .. . . ...... 50.00
2K35 .
. 200.00 6BF7W .
2 .00 337A .
3.50 1855 ......... 250.00
2K39 .
. 150 .00 6BH6W.... .. 2 .75 347A .
1.00 2050 ....... 1,25
2K41 .
. S0 .00 6BL6 . . . . . . . . 20.00 348A .
4.50 Z8-3200 ..... 100.00
2K42 . .. .. 12S.OO 6BM6 ...
.. 25 .00 349A .
3.50 5S16 .
7 .SO
2K43 ..
. 200.00 68M6A .. .. . 30.00 3SOA .. .. ..
3.50 5S28 / C6L ..
3.SO
2K44 . .
. 12S.OO 6C4W .. . .
2.50 3508 . . . . . . 2.50 5S45 ... ....... 20.00
2K4S . . . . . . .. 20.00 6C4WA .
1.00 3S2A .
8.50 55SO .... ...... 30.00
2K47 ........ lS0.00 6C21 . ........ 17 .SO 3S4A . . .
. 12.50 SSS2 / FG23S . .. S0 .00
2K48 ......... S0.00 6D4 .. .. . .. 1.SO 355A .. . .. . 12. 50 S5S3 / FG2S8 .. 100.00
2KSO ........ 175.00 6F4 .....
3. SO 371B ...
2.50 SS57 / FG17 ... S.00
2K54 .... . . 10.00 C6J .......... 10.00 388A .
2 .00 SSS8 / FG32 .. .. 10.00
2KS5 ..... . lS.00 C6J/ A ........ 15.00 393A ....
S.00 S5S9 / FG57 .. .. 10.00
2KS6 . . . . . S0.00 C6J/ K ........ 20.00 394A .
3.00 SS60 / FG9S . ... 2S .OO
2P21 . . . . . 40.00 6J4 ..
1.7S 39SA .... .. ... 2.2S SS61 / FG104 ... S0.00
2X2A. ...
1.2S 6J4WA .... ... . 2 .SO 396A / 2CS1 .... 1.50 SS86 . . .. .... 12S.OO
3AS .
.75 6J6W .
.60 398A/ S603. . . . 3.00 5608A . . . . . . . 6.00
3AP1A . . .
3.SO 6J6WA . . ...... 1 .00 401A / SS90 .... 1.00 5636 ... . .. . .. 2.25
384 .
2 .50 6K4 .......... 2 .00 403B / SS91 .. .. 3.00 5642 ... .. ... .. 2.25
3824W .,. .
3.00 6L6GAY .. ... . . 1.2S 404A / 5847 . 7.50 5643 .. ..... . .. 3.00
3B24WA ... 5.00 6L6WGA ...... 1.50 407A ....... 3.75 5647 ... ... .... 3.50
3825 . . . . .
2.50 6L6WGB .. . . . . 2.00 408A / 6028 . . . 2.7S S651 .... . . . . . . 1.00
3826 ....... 2.25 6Q5G ...... 2.50 409A / 6AS6 .... 1.00 56S4 / 6AKSW .. 1.50
3B28 .
3.00 6SJ7WGT . . .. 1 .25 410R ....... . .7S.OO S6S6 .... . . . 5.00
3B29 ... .. ... S.00 6SK7W .. . ..
.7S GL-414 ....... 80.00 5663 .....
1.00
38P1A ....... 7.50 6SK7WA ...... 2 .00 4168 / 6280 .... 20.00 5665 / C16J .... 35.00
3C22 ......... 15.00 6SL7WGT ...... 1.2S 417A / S842 .. 9.50 S667 . .. . ... . 12S.OO
3C23 .
. .. 4.00 6SN7W . .. ..
.SO 418A ...... 9.50 5670 .... . . . . . 1.00
3C24 / 24G ..... 7 ,SO 6SN7WGT .... 1 .00 420A / S7SS
S.00 S672 .....
1. 35
3C33 ......... 7,50 6SN7WGTA. . 2 .SO 421A / S998 ... 7.50 S675 ... , . . . .. 10.00
3C4S ... ... 3.SO 6SU7GTY . .. . .8S 429A ....
6.50 5676....
1.25
3CX100A5 .... . 12. SO 6V6GTY ...... 1 .00 GL-434A .
. 10.00 S678 . . ...... 1.25
3D21A ....
S.00 6X4W ......... .1S 4SOTH ..
.. 40.00 S686 .......... 2.25
3D22 .. ... . 8.00 6X4WA ...... 1,50 450TL... . . 40.00 5687 .. . ...... 1.50
3DP1A ...... S.00 6X5WGT ...... 1.00 S78..
5.00 S691 .... ...... 5.00
3E29 .. ...
7.50 SRL7H ....... 100.00 KU-610 .
5.00 5692 ........ 3. SO
3GP1 ...... 2.50 7AK7 .. ....... 2 .SO NL-623 . .. . . . 10.00 S693 ........ 3. 50
C3J / A ..... 9.SO 7MP7 ... . ..... 22 .SO 631-Pl.. ... S.00 5696.... ..... 1.00
3J21. .; . ..... 3S.OO 10KP7 .... . lS.00 673 .......... lS.00 S718 ... , ...... 1.SO
3J31 ,,., ... . . 100.00 12AT7WA ..... 1.SO 676. .
. . 30.00 S720 / FG33 .... 17.SO
3JP1 a., ..... . S.00 12AU7WA .... . 1.50 677 ........... 40.00 S721 ..... .... 100.00
3K21 ........ 12S.OO 12AX7W .
1.3S 701A ......... S.00 S72S / 6AS6W... 1.SO
3K22 ........ 12S.00 12AY7 ....
1.00 703A .
... 1.50 S726 / 6ALSW.. .75
3K27 , ...... . lS0.00 12GP7.. . . . .... 25.00 707B .. . .·.... 2.50 5727 / 2021W... 1.25
3K30 ........ 100.00 C16J . . . . . . 25.00 715C ........ . 15.00 5728 / FG67 .... 10.00
3KP1 .·.... . ·. 9.75 FG-17 . . . .
5.00 719A ......... 12.50 5749 / 6BA6W. 1.00
3RP1 . · ·..· .·. 7.50 HK-24 ..... 5.00 721B .. . .. . ... 5.00 5750 / 6BE6W ... 1.75
3WP1 a ....·.. 12.50 2ST ..... . ... 10.00 723A / B....... 3.50 5751 / 12AX7W . 1. 35
5751WA . ...... 2.00
5763.......... 1.75
5777 ........ 150.00
5778 . . . ...... 150.00
5783......... 2.25
5784. ....... 2.50
5787 .....
2.50
5796 ...... . 10.00
5800/ VX-41 . 7.50
5803/ VX-55 . . . 5.00
5814A ..
1.35
5829 . . . . .
1.00
5836..... . . 50.00
5837 .....
. 50.00
5840.
2.50
5845 .
6.00
5852 . . ...
5.00
5876 ....
7.50
5879 .......... 1.15
5881 / 6L6WG8.. 2.00
5886 .....
4 .00
5893 .. . . . . 10.00
5894 ..... . . 19 .85
5915 .......... 1.00
5931 / 5U4WG .. 3. SO
5933/ 807W . . 3.00
594811754 .... 100.00
5949/ 1907 . .... 50.00
5963....
1.00
S964 ,.. . .
.8S
5965... . .
.85
S976 ... . . S993 .....
.
.
. .
.
S0 . 0 0
s.oo
6005/ 6AQ5W . 1.50
6012 ...
4 .00
6021A .
2 .00
6032 .. . . . . 10.00
604S .....
1.15
6072 .
1.50
6073 . . . . 1. SO
6074 ........ 1.7S
6080 .
3. 35
6080WA . ... ... S.00
6080WB . ..... . 10.00
6082 ... ..
3.3S
6087 / 5Y3WGTB 2. 50
6101 / 6J6WA ... 1.50
6106 .......... 1.SO
611S / QK351 ... S0 .00
6130 / 3C4S . 6.SO
6136 / 6AU6WA . 1.2S
6146 ....
3.00
61S9 .. ...
3. SO
6161 .......... 35.00
6186 / 6AGSWA . 1.SO
6189 / 12AU7WA 1.50
6197 ....
1.7S
6199 ..
. 35.00
6201 / 12AT7WA 1.85
6202 / 6X4WA . 1.50
6211 .... .
.7S
6213 ....... 2 . SO
6216 .. . ...
3.00
6236 . .. . . . . . 12S.OO
6248 .... . . 2SO .OO
6263 ....... 9.00
626S / 6BH6W.. . 2 .7S
6291 ...... . . 3S.OO
6293... . .
4 .50
6299 .......... 37.SO
6316 / BL800A. 100 .00
6322 / 8L2S ..... 12 .50
6336. . . . . . 8 .7S
6336A. . . . . 12 .7S
6344/ QK23S.. S00.00
63SO. ...... 1.2S
63S2 ....... 7 .SO
638S ...... . . 10.00
6390.. . .. . 12S.00
6394 6438
. .
. .
. .
. .
. ..
..
. . ..
12s..7ooS
6442 ....... . 2S .00
6463....... 1.00
648S .....
1.SO
6S33 .....
7.SO
6S42 ... . .
S .75
6SSO. ....
3.SO
6807 .. . .. . .20.00
6883 .....
3. SO
7044 ....... 1.SO
7521.. ........ 100.00
7S80.. . ... . . . 35.00
8002R . . . . . .25.00
8008 .......... 7 .7S
8013A ... . .. . . S.00
8014A . ... . ... 30.00
8020.. ..... 4 . SO
802SA . . . . . . .. 7 .SO
9003.......... 2.00
9005 .... . ..... 3.SO
ALL TUBES ARE NEW , INDIVIDUALLY CARTONED, FULLY GUARANTEED
TELEX or TWX: 916-681-3061 Telephone: 916-685-9582
western en9lneers
ELK GROVE, CALIFORNIA
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRON TUBES SINCE 1932
Prices FOB Min order $10
CIRCLE 955 ON READER SERVICE CARD 118
It's UNIVERSAL ···
This is our idea of a little
fun and at the same time
· · · let you test your
knowledqe of the most
spectacular achievements
of man and nature.
Do you know · .·
the name and age of the youngest man that ever played major league baseball?
The youngest major league player of all times was the Cincinnati pitcher Joe Nuxhall, who started his career in June, 1944, aged 15 years-IO months and 11 days.
This is quite an achievement-and 1944 was our year. too! Since our beginning in '44-UNIVERSAL RELAY-has become the "House of Relays and Relay Information."
WE STOCK
2,000,000 RELAYS
SEND FOR NEW CATALOG EE
ll!BffNt·
42A White St., N. Y. 13, N. Y. WAiker 5-6900 MIDWEST OFFICE: Indu strial Rd., Crystal Lake, Ill.
Phone 459·2313 (Code 815)
CIRCLE 956 ON READER SERVICE CARD
SMALL AD but BIG STOCK
of choice test equipment
ond surplus electronics
Higher Quality-Lower Costs Get our advice on your problem
ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES
434 Patterson Road
Dayton 19, Ohio
CIRCLE 957 ON READER SERVICE CARD
GLASS TUBING
PYREX - NONEX - URANIUM
BULB&. CYLINDERS WRITE FDR FREE MONTH LY LIST
HOUDE GLASS COMPANY
PHONE COLFAX 4·4800
P.O . Box 206
Keyport, N. J.
CIRCLE 958 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Searchlight Equipment Locating Service
No Chorge or Obligation
This service is aimed at helping you, the reader of "SEARCHLIGHT.'' to locate Surplus new and used Electronic equipment not currently advertised. (This service is for USER-BUYERS only). How to use: Check the dealer ads to see if what you want is not currently advertised. If not, send us the specifications of-the equipment wanted on the coupon below, or on your own company letterhead to:
Searchlight Section Locating Service
Classified Advertising c/ o ELECTRONICS
P. 0 . Box 12, N. Y. 36, N. Y.
You r requirements will be brought promptly to t he attention of the eQuipment dealers advertising in this section. You will receive replies directl y from them.
Searchlight Equipment locating Service Classified Advertising c/ o ELECTRONICS P. 0 . Box 12, N. Y. 36, N. Y.
Pl ease help us locate the following equipment components.
..... ........ ... .. ...................... .....
NA.ME .... .. ............ ... ........ . . ... ....... . TITLE . ........ ... .. .. .. . ... .. .. ... ......... . ... .
COMPANY ................. .. .... . ...... . ...... . STREET ......... .. .. . ........... . ..... . .. . . . ... .
CITY . .. ... . ........ .......... ........... 91 14/62
electronics
.. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS ,... .._ · I· II · ..... (' Cll .....·
Audited Paid Circulation
· Ac m e E lectric Corp . . . . . . .
67
Airpax Electronics, Inc. . . . . . . . . · .
96
Airtronir s lnlernalional Corp......
59
Aladdin Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
· Am e r ican Lavn Corporation . . . . . . .
33
Anti-Corrosive :Metal Prod. Co., Inc.. 24
· Northeast e rn Engineering, Inc . .... . 58
Northrop Corp.
. 93, 95. 97
· P a noramic E lectronics Inc.
ll2
· Pot ter Instrumen t Co., Inc ..
21
Bean & Co., :Morris ................ . . 110
Bendix Corporation
ScintH l a Division
31
Birtche r Corpora.lion, The ..
109
· Bud R a di o l nt· ........... .
100
· Bulo\ra , El <>ctronl<·s Div ....... . ... 34, 35
· Bn ~s m a nn :\lfg . Co . , Di v . o f l\feGra w
E dison Co. . . . ....... .
14
Cambridge Thermionic Corp.. · Ce ntra lnb, Th e l'Jle «"tro nie s
Div. of G lobe-Union Inc.
· ~;~ ~~i;~a~:ibt~11 CorP· . '. ·. ·.·. Cohn Corp., Sigmund .
111
36
.·98·.
76 99
82
Di Aero Corp.
98
Dynamics J nstrumentation Co ..... . 84
Edwards High Vacuum In c .. .... . . 61
Elec tro-Medi-Dyne Inc.
71
Electro International Inc.
88
Electronic Engineeri ng Co. of Cali f.. 82
· Elec tronk In·trum~nt Co . · Jnr . ( J<~ I CO) 80
Ester line-An gus-Instrumen t Co., Inc. . 57
· Fairc hild Semi concluctor Corp . . . 3 rcl cove r
Florida Development Commission... . 25
· Foste r Ele ,·tric Co ., Ltd . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
· Fuji T su shinkl Selzo K .K .... . .
102
Gen eral Scientific Corp ..
89
Gertsch Pro<lucts. Inc . . .......... . . . 74
Globe Industries Jnc ............ . . .
18
Gudebrod Bros. Silk Co. , I nc ....... . 32
Hansen :i\lfg. Co., Inc .. .. ... . ... .
58
· Hay d on Co., A . \V.. .
. .. . . . . . . . . . 103
Heil and Di\'ision. )J inneapolis-Honey-
well ............ .
87
Heinemann Electric Co . . .. . ... . . . . 19
· Hitnchi, Ltcl.
77
Hughes Aircrafl Co.
Aerospace Divisions .... . . ..·.
85
Vacuum Tube Prod. Div.
23
· Imuge Instrume nts Inc ... .
119
· I ng-e r soll Pro d uet s .
Dhrls ion of Borg-\Yurne r Corp ..
72
Instru lab. Inc. .. .. .. . .. ..
. .... 109
International Telep hone and Telegraph
Corp., Components Division .
75
International Telephene and Tele-
graph Corp., Industrial Prod u cts
Di~
11 2
· J e nnings R a dio l\l a nufn ct uring Corp. 107
Jerrold Electronics Corp. . .
4
· K y orits u E lec·trkn l Jns trum f' nts
\Vorks, Ltd.
58
· T.. a p1> ln Fmlator Co. . Inc· . .. . . . .
64
· L a.vole L a boratori es In c. . . . . . . .
92
· L each a nd Garner Co .. .. . ..... . , . . . . 91
Leesona Corp.
81
Litte lfuse
51
Lockheed Calif. Co.......... . .. ... 66
· l\Iabu c h l Shoji K . K . ...... .
G7
Machlett Laboratories. Inc., The .... 29
65 MagnetiC' :\leta ls Coml)any .. .
??
· 1\larke l & Sons, I ... Frank .......... . . .
Mark.em MarhinP Co ...... ......... . 1n
· ~l ethod e. E l ectron k s, In c ..... . . ... . . . 94
Midland l\'I!g. Co...
- ........ . 18
l\1inn esota 'Mining & ~tfg. Co.
Chemical Div.
73
· Navigation Co1n11nte r Cori>. (NA \' COR ) 91
· North A t lantic lnclns tries, Inc. . .
62
· R u d io Corporation of A1n e rica.... 4th co,·er
17
· R aytheon Com}lnny .. . ...... . . . 6, 13, 79
· Hi x on Elec·tronics, In c . .. . .
100
Sanders Associates. I nc . .. .
89
ao: · ;;;~~~~nE1~~r;·i~°C~~~ . -~~~~}..... . 9,
76 63
Stackpole Carbon Co ..... . . - .... . . . . 15
f-'truthers-Dunn Inc.
105
· S 111>e rior Tube Co . ... . .. ... . .. .
104
· TRG, lnc. . ..... . . . .... . ... . .
53
Texa.s Instruments Incorporated
Apparatus Division .... .. ........... . 83
Texas Instruments Incorporated
'Metals & Controls Division . . .
106
Texas I nstruments l nc·ot"porated
Semiconductor-Componen ts Div .... 10, 11
lTnited Systems Corp.......... .. ... 110 · U nitecl Trnn ~ form e r Corp ...... 2nd eov e r
Ya<'uun1 Electronics Corp ... . .. . ... 69. 71
Yarian Assoc i::t.tes . ........ . .... . . 55, 90
· \ 'it rn mon, I nc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
· \Vill huns & Co., C. K .......... . . . . _ 84 'Vright 1\.lachiner y Co. Div. of Sperry Rand Corp._ . . .. · . . 109
Zipper t u bing Co., The .. . . . .. ... .. .·.. 70
·
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
F . J. Eberle, Business Mgr.
EMPLOYMENT O PPORTUNITIES . 116, 117
EQUIPMENT
( Used or Surplus New) F or Sa le . . . . ....... .. ....... .... .. 1 17, 11 8
IND E X TO CLASSI F IED ADVERTISERS
: Atomic Person nel l nc ...
117
~;:~~u~:~~:r~,·.1~csE;1~1~~."te 11t. ·c~ ::::::
117 1 17
· E l f'<' tro S al es Co ............ .. ... . 11 7
· E ng in eering A ssoc ia tes
118
Esquire Personnel
116
· Houde Glass Co ...
118
.Jet Propulsion Laboratory .. . .. . .
116
· R u dio R esenr<'h Ins trume nt Co .
11 7
Republic Aviation Corp.
116
RchlumbergE"r \Ve il Surveying Corp. 117
· U nive rsal R ela y Corp ....
118
Vitro Laboratories Di\· of Vitro Corp.
of America .....
11 6
· 'VeM t e rn En.:i n ee r s ....... .
118
· \\' ilgree n Jndu strlf's In c . . . .
117
·
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This in dex and our Rea der Servi ce Numbers are publi shed as a servi ce. Every precaution is taken to make th em a cc urate, bu t e lec t ro n ics a ss um es no responsibilities for errors or om ission s.
September 14, 1962
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elect ronics
High voltage High gain
Low leakage Silicon Planar
Matched hFE
Matched v8 E
Thermally matched
Fairchild Planar process alone makes this matching practicable in volume production
Matching Characteristics
2N2060 Min. Ma x. Un it s
2N2223 Min. Max. Units
2N2223A Min . Max. Units
Test Conditions
Beta Ratio
0.9 1.0
Beta Ratio
0 .9 1.0
0 .8 1.0
VBE Differential
0 .005 Volts
VBE Differential
0.005 Volts
0.015 Volts
6 VBE Tracking
10
µ.V/ ° C
25
0.9 1.0
0 .005 Volts
25
µ.V/ ° C lc = O. l mA VCE = 5 .0 V
T= _550 C to + 125 0 C
FAIRCHILCJ
SEMICOND U CTOR
545 WHISMAN ROAD, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIF. · YORKSHIRE 8-8161 · TWX, MN VW CAL 853 A DIVISION or FAIRC HIL D CA MER A AND INSTRU MEN T CO RP ORATIO N
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AGAIN-RCA DEMONSTRATES SOLID-STATE CAPABILITY!
Now ... in pilot production at RCA : SS 111 L-Band Tunnel-Diode Oscill ator and SS504 L-Band Down Converter-establishing at the RCA Electron Tube Division a capability that marks another milestone in solid-state achievement.
SSl 11 is designed to serve as a reliable local oscillator in most applications demanding moderate rf power output. SS504 is a tunnel-diode device well-suited for radar and telemetry applications-or wherever low-noise (5.5 db max.), low-power converters are required.
Opening up new areas of design and app lication , the SSl 11 and SS504 incorporate the latest advances in solid-state technology. Both of these compact, efficient, low-cost units are now ready for sampling.
Announcements of other new solid-state products will be made soon. For specifications of SS 111 and SS504, see accompanying chart. For additional technical information , consult your RCA Industrial Tube Representative or write: Sectionl-19-Q-2,Commercial Engineering, RCA Electron Tube Division, Harrison, N. J.
,@ The Most Trusted Name in Electronics
!
®
Typical Operating Conditions
SS504 ELECTRICAL
Input Frequency (4) .
.1250 Mc
Output Frequency ..
30 Mc
Input Impedance .
50 ohms
Noise Figure (1) .
5.5 db max.
Bandwidth .
3 Mc
Tuning Range (2) ..
::!: 20 Mc
Isolator .
None required
R.F. Input Power
Dynamic Range (3) .
Up to 0.1 mw
CW
............ 1.0 watt max.
Maximum Input Pulse Energy ........... 80 ergs
Local Oscillator Power . ................. 5.0 mw
MECHANICAL Weight .. Size .
. ............... ...7 oz. . ........ ... 2" diam. x 1'12"
SSlll ELECTRICAL
Ebb
............ 0.4 to 0.6 volt
lbb
.................... .. ...... 0.5 to 0.8 amp
Frequen cy
1600 Mc
Power Output
.....· 6.0 mw min.
MECHANICAL Size (5)
(excluding connectors) 2'12" diam. x 3/4 " Weight ... ... ........ .... ...... ..... ............... 5 oz.
NOTE 1
This is a double sideba nd noise figure based on em· ploying a 30-Mc, 300-ohm input impedance intermediate-frequency amplifier with a noise figure of 1. 7 db, and a bandwidth of 3 Mc.
NOTE 2
By varying the frequ ency of the local oscillator
NOTE 3
Minimum pow er i nput at which the gain is reduced by 3.0 db from its small· signal value
NOTE 4
Units having similar performance can be supplied in the frequency range of 800 to 1500 Mc.
NOTE 5
Units can be supplied with type N, BNC, or TNC con· nectars
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