UAB Teltonika RUT240A LTE Router User Manual
UAB Teltonika LTE Router
User Manual
USER MANUAL RUT240 4G Router Legal notice Copyright © 2017 TELTONIKA Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction, transfer, distribution or storage of part or all of the contents in this document in any form without the prior written permission of TELTONIKA Ltd is prohibited. The manufacturer reserves the right to modify the product and manual for the purpose of technical improvement without prior notice. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or trade names of their respective owners. Attention Before using the device we strongly recommend reading this user manual first. Do not rip open the device. Do not touch the device if the device block is broken. All wireless devices for data transferring may be susceptible to interference, which could affect performance. The device is not water-resistant. Keep it dry. Device is powered by low voltage +9V DC power adapter. Please do not scratch the device. Scratched device is not fully protected. Table of Contents Legal notice.............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Attention.................................................................................................................................................................. 2 SAFETY INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Device connection ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Specifications ................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Ethernet ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Wi-Fi ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Hardware ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Electrical, Mechanical & Environmental .................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Applications ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Setting up your router ................................................................................................................................. 11 3.1 Installation ............................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Front Panel and Back Panel ............................................................................................................. 11 3.1.2 Power connector.............................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.3 Connection status LED ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.4 Hardware installation ...................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Logging in ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Operation Modes ......................................................................................................................................... 16 Powering Options ........................................................................................................................................ 16 5.1 Powering the device from higher voltage................................................................................................ 16 Status ........................................................................................................................................................... 17 6.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 17 6.2 System Information ................................................................................................................................. 18 6.3 Network Information ............................................................................................................................... 20 6.4 Device information .................................................................................................................................. 30 6.5 Services .................................................................................................................................................... 31 6.6 Routes ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 6.6.1 ARP ................................................................................................................................................... 32 6.6.2 Active IP-Routes ............................................................................................................................... 32 6.6.3 Active IPv6-Routes ........................................................................................................................... 32 6.7 Graphs ...................................................................................................................................................... 34 6.7.1 Mobile Signal Strength ..................................................................................................................... 34 6.7.2 Realtime Load .................................................................................................................................. 35 6.7.3 Realtime Traffic ................................................................................................................................ 36 6.7.4 Realtime Wireless ............................................................................................................................ 37 6.7.5 Realtime Connections ...................................................................................................................... 38 6.8 Mobile Traffic ........................................................................................................................................... 39 6.9 Events Log ................................................................................................................................................ 40 6.9.1 All Events.......................................................................................................................................... 40 6.9.2 System Events .................................................................................................................................. 40 6.9.3 Network Events ................................................................................................................................ 40 Network ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 7.1 Mobile ...................................................................................................................................................... 41 7.1.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 41 7.1.2 Mobile Data Limit............................................................................................................................. 44 7.2 WAN ......................................................................................................................................................... 46 7.2.1 Operation Mode .............................................................................................................................. 46 7.2.2 Common configuration .................................................................................................................... 46 7.3 LAN ........................................................................................................................................................... 53 7.3.1 Configuration ................................................................................................................................... 53 7.3.2 DHCP Server ..................................................................................................................................... 54 7.4 Wireless ................................................................................................................................................... 58 7.5 VLAN......................................................................................................................................................... 61 7.5.1 VLAN Networks ................................................................................................................................ 61 7.5.2 LAN Networks .................................................................................................................................. 61 7.6 Firewall..................................................................................................................................................... 62 7.6.1 General Settings ............................................................................................................................... 62 7.6.2 DMZ.................................................................................................................................................. 63 7.6.3 Port Forwarding ............................................................................................................................... 63 7.6.4 Traffic Rules...................................................................................................................................... 65 7.6.5 Custom Rules ................................................................................................................................... 70 7.6.6 DDOS Prevention ............................................................................................................................. 70 7.6.7 Port Scan Prevention ....................................................................................................................... 73 7.7 Routing ..................................................................................................................................................... 74 7.7.1 Static Routes .................................................................................................................................... 74 7.7.2 Dynamic Routes ............................................................................................................................... 75 Services ........................................................................................................................................................ 78 8.1 VRRP ......................................................................................................................................................... 78 8.1.1 VRRP LAN Configuration Settings .................................................................................................... 78 8.1.2 Check Internet connection............................................................................................................... 78 8.2 Web Filter ................................................................................................................................................ 79 8.2.1 Site blocking ..................................................................................................................................... 79 8.2.2 Proxy Based Content Blocker ........................................................................................................... 79 8.3 NTP ........................................................................................................................................................... 80 8.4 VPN .......................................................................................................................................................... 81 8.4.1 OpenVPN .......................................................................................................................................... 81 8.4.2 IPSec ................................................................................................................................................. 85 8.4.3 GRE Tunnel ....................................................................................................................................... 88 8.4.4 PPTP ................................................................................................................................................. 90 8.4.5 L2TP .................................................................................................................................................. 92 8.5 Dynamic DNS............................................................................................................................................ 93 8.6 SMS Utilities ............................................................................................................................................. 95 8.6.1 SMS Utilities ..................................................................................................................................... 95 8.6.2 Call Utilities .................................................................................................................................... 103 8.6.3 User Groups ................................................................................................................................... 104 8.6.4 SMS Management.......................................................................................................................... 105 8.6.5 Remote Configuration.................................................................................................................... 107 8.6.6 Statistics ......................................................................................................................................... 110 8.7 SNMP ..................................................................................................................................................... 111 8.7.1 SNMP Settings ................................................................................................................................ 111 8.7.2 TRAP Settings ................................................................................................................................. 112 8.8 SMS Gateway ......................................................................................................................................... 113 8.8.1 Post/Get Configuration .................................................................................................................. 113 8.8.2 Scheduled Messages ...................................................................................................................... 115 8.8.3 Auto Reply Configuration............................................................................................................... 115 8.8.4 SMPP .............................................................................................................................................. 116 8.9 Hotspot .................................................................................................................................................. 117 8.9.1 General settings ............................................................................................................................. 117 8.9.2 Internet Access Restriction Settings .............................................................................................. 119 8.9.3 Logging ........................................................................................................................................... 119 8.9.4 Landing Page .................................................................................................................................. 121 8.9.5 Radius server configuration ........................................................................................................... 122 8.9.6 Statistics ......................................................................................................................................... 123 8.10 CLI....................................................................................................................................................... 124 8.11 Auto Reboot ....................................................................................................................................... 125 8.11.1 Ping Reboot ................................................................................................................................... 125 8.11.2 Periodic Reboot ............................................................................................................................. 126 8.12 Input/Output...................................................................................................................................... 127 8.12.1 Main information.............................................................................................................................. 127 8.12.2 Status ................................................................................................................................................ 127 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 127 8.12.3 Input ................................................................................................................................................. 129 8.12.4 Output .............................................................................................................................................. 130 8.13 QoS ..................................................................................................................................................... 134 System........................................................................................................................................................ 135 9.1 Setup Wizard.......................................................................................................................................... 135 9.2 Profiles ................................................................................................................................................... 136 9.3 Administration ....................................................................................................................................... 137 9.3.1 General........................................................................................................................................... 137 9.3.2 Troubleshoot .................................................................................................................................. 138 9.3.3 Backup............................................................................................................................................ 139 9.3.4 Diagnostics ..................................................................................................................................... 141 9.3.5 MAC Clone ..................................................................................................................................... 142 9.3.6 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 142 9.3.7 Monitoring ..................................................................................................................................... 143 9.4 User scripts ............................................................................................................................................ 144 9.5 Firmware ................................................................................................................................................ 144 9.5.1 Firmware ........................................................................................................................................ 144 9.5.2 FOTA ............................................................................................................................................... 145 9.6 10 Reboot.................................................................................................................................................... 146 Device Recovery ......................................................................................................................................... 146 10.1 Reset button ...................................................................................................................................... 146 10.2 Bootloader’s WebUI........................................................................................................................... 146 11 Glossary...................................................................................................................................................... 147 12 FCC Regulations ......................................................................................................................................... 149 13 IC Regulations ............................................................................................................................................ 150 SAFETY INFORMATION In this document you will be introduced on how to use a RUT240 router safely. We suggest you to adhere to the following recommendations in order to avoid personal injuries and or property damage. You have to be familiar with the safety requirements before using the device! To avoid burning and voltage caused traumas, of the personnel working with the device, please follow these safety requirements. The device is intended for supply from a Limited Power Source (LPS) that power consumption should not exceed 15VA and current rating of over current protective device should not exceed 2A. The highest transient over voltage in the output (secondary circuit) of used PSU shall not exceed 36V peak. The device can be used with the Personal Computer (first safety class) or Notebook (second safety class). Associated equipment: PSU (power supply unit) (LPS) and personal computer (PC) shall comply with the requirements of standard EN 60950-1. Do not mount or service the device during a thunderstorm. To avoid mechanical damages to the device it is recommended to transport it packed in a damageproof pack. Protection in primary circuits of associated PC and PSU (LPS) against short circuits and earth faults of associated PC shall be provided as part of the building installation. To avoid mechanical damages to the device it is recommended to transport it packed in a damage-proof pack. While using the device, it should be placed so, that its indicating LEDs would be visible as they inform in which working mode the device is and if it has any working problems. Protection against over current, short circuiting and earth faults should be provided as a part of the building installation. Signal level of the device depends on the environment in which it is working. In case the device starts working insufficiently, please refer to qualified personnel in order to repair this product. We recommend forwarding it to a repair center or the manufacturer. There are no exchangeable parts inside the device. Device connection 1 Introduction Thank you for purchasing a RUT240 4G router! RUT240 is part of the RUT2xx series of compact mobile routers with high speed wireless and Ethernet connections. This router is ideal for people who would like to share their internet on the go, as it is not restricted by a cumbersome cable connection. Unrestricted, but not forgotten: the router still supports internet distribution via a broadband cable, simply plug it in to the wan port, set the router to a correct mode and you are ready to browse. 2 Specifications 2.1 Ethernet IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u standards 1 x LAN 10/100Mbps Ethernet ports 1 x WAN 10/100Mbps Ethernet port Supports Auto MDI/MDIX 2.2 Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11b/g/n WiFi standards AP and STA modes 64/128-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA&WPA2 encryption methods 802.11 b/g/n (HT20) frequency range: 2412 – 2462 MHz* 802.11 n (HT40) frequency range: 2422 – 2452 MHz* 20dBm max WiFi TX power SSID stealth mode and access control based on MAC address 2.3 Hardware High performance 400 MHz CPU with 64 Mbytes of DDR2 memory External SIM holder 4 pin DC connector with 1 x Digital input and 1 x Digital output Reset/restore to default button 2 x SMA for LTE, 1 x RP-SMA for WiFi antenna connectors 2 x Ethernet LEDs, 1 x power LED 5 x signal strength LEDs, 3 x connection type indication LEDs Bottom and sideways DIN rail mounting slits 2.4 Electrical, Mechanical & Environmental Dimensions (W x D x H) Weight Power supply Input voltage range Power consumption Operating temperature Storage temperature Operating humidity Storage humidity 83mm x 74mm x 25mm 125g 100 – 240 VAC -> 9 VDC wall adapter 9 – 30VDC < 5W -40° to 75° C -45° to 80° C 10% to 90% Non-condensing 5% to 95% Non-condensing *Supported frequency bands are dependent on geographical location and may not be available in all markets. 2.5 Applications 3 Setting up your router 3.1 Installation After you unpack the box, follow the steps, documented below, in order to properly connect the device. For better Wi-Fi performance, put the device in clearly visible spot, as obstacles such as walls and door hinder the signal. Important Note: Antennas can be replaced with other antennas of the same type and equal or lower gain only. 1. First assemble your router by attaching the necessary antennas and inserting the SIM card. 2. To power up your router, please use the power adapter included in the box. (IMPORTANT: Using a different power adapter can damage and void the warranty for this product.). 3. If you have a wired broadband connection you will also have to connect it to the WAN port of the router. 3.1.1 Front Panel and Back Panel Power LED Power socket Network type LED SIM card holder Mobile signal strength indication LEDs Ethernet ports LAN LED WAN LED Wi-Fi antenna connector Reset button LTE antenna connectors 3.1.2 Power connector No. Description Power Ground Input Output Wire color Red Black Green White 3.1.3 Connection status LED Explanation of connection status LED indication: 1. Signal strength status LED’s turned on: router is turning on; 2. 2G and 3G LED’s constant blinking every 1 sec: no SIM or bad PIN; 3. 2G/3G LED’s blinking every 1 sec: connected 2G/3G, but no data session established; 4. Blinking from 2G LED to 3G LED repeatedly: SIM holder not inserted; 5. 2G/3G LED turned on: connected 2G/3G with data session; 6. 2G/3G LED blinking rapidly: connected 2G/3G with data session and data is being transferred. 3.1.4 Hardware installation 1. Insert SIM card which was given by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). Correct SIM card orientation is shown in the picture. 2. Attach LTE and Wi-Fi antennas. 3. Connect the power adapter to the socket on the front panel of the device. Then plug the other end of the power adapter into a wall outlet or power strip. 4. Connect to the device wirelessly (SSID: Teltonika_Router) or use Ethernet cable and plug it into any LAN Ethernet port. 3.2 Logging in After you’re complete with the setting up as described in the section above, you are ready to start logging into your router and start configuring it. This example shows how to connect on Windows 7. On windows Vista: click Start -> Control Panel -> Network and Sharing Center -> Manage network Connections -> (Go to step 4). On Windows XP: Click Start -> Settings -> Network Connections -> (see step 4). You won’t see “Internet protocol version 4(TCP/IPv4)”, instead you’ll have to select “TCP/IP Settings” and click options -> (Go to step 6) We first must set up our network card so that it could properly communicate with the router. 1. Press the start button 2. Type in “network connections”, wait for the results to pop up. 3. Click “View network connections” 4. Then right click on your wireless device that you use to connect to other access points (It is the one with the name “Wireless Network Connection” and has signal bars on its icon). 5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click 6. By default the router is going to have DHCP enabled, Properties which means that if you select “Obtain an IP address automatically” and “Obtain DNS server address automatically”, the router should lease you an IP and you should be ready to login. 7. If you choose to configure manually here’s what you have to do: First select an IP address. Due to the stock settings that your router has arrived in you can only enter an IP in the form of 192.168.1.XXX , where XXX is a number in the range of 2-254 (192.168.1.2 , 192.168.1.254 , 192.168.1.155 and so on… are valid; 192.168.1.0 , 192.168.1.1 , 192.168.1.255 , 192.168.1.699 and so on… are not). Next we enter the subnet mask: this has to be “255.255.255.0”. Then we enter the default gateway: this has to be “192.168.1.1”. Finally we enter primary and secondary DNS server IP’s. One will suffice, though it is good to have a secondary one as well as it will act as a backup if the first should fail. The DNS can be your routers IP (192.168.1.1), but it can also be some external DNS server (like the one Google provides: 8.8.8.8). Right click on the Wireless network icon and select Connect / Disconnect. A list should pop up with all available wireless networks. Select “Teltonika” and click connect. Then we launch our favorite browser and enter the router’s IP into the address field: Press enter. If there are no problems you should be greeted with a login screen such as this: Enter the default password, which is “admin01” into the “Password” field and then either click Login with your mouse or press the Enter key. You have now successfully logged into the RUT240! From here on out you can configure almost any aspect of your router. 4 Operation Modes The RUT2xx series router supports various operation modes. It can be connected to the internet (WAN) via mobile, standard Ethernet cable or via a wireless network. When connecting to the internet, you may also backup your main WAN connection with one or two backup connections. Any interface can act like backup if configured so. At first router uses its main WAN connection, if it is lost then router tries to connect via backup with higher priority and if that fails too, router tries the second backup option. WAN Main WAN Backup WAN LAN Mobile √ √ Ethernet √ √ √ Wi-Fi √ √ √ In later sections it will be explained, in detail, how to configure your router to work in a desired mode. 5 Powering Options The RUT2xx router can be powered from power socket 5.1 Powering the device from higher voltage If you decide not to use our standard 9 VDC wall adapters and want to power the device from higher voltage (15 – 30 VDC), please make sure that you choose a power supply of high quality. Some power supplies can produce voltage peaks significantly higher than the declared output voltage, especially during connection. While the device is designed to accept input voltage of up to 30 VDC, peaks from high voltage power supplies can harm the device. If you want to use high voltage power supplies it is recommended to also use additional safety equipment to suppress voltage peaks from the power supply. 16 6 Status The status section contains various pieces of information, like current IP addresses of various network interfaces; the state of the routers memory; firmware version; DHCP leases; associated wireless stations; graphs indicating load, traffic and much more. 6.1 Overview Overview section contains various information summaries. 17 6.2 System Information The System Information tab contains data that pertains to the routers operating system. 18 System explanation: Field Name Sample value 1. Router Name RUT240 2. Host name Teltonika-RUT240.com 3. 4. Router Model Firmware Version Teltonika RUT240 3G RUT2XX_T_00.00.20 5. 6. Kernel Version 3.18.44 Local Time 2017-04-12, 14:41:18 7. Uptime 0d 0h 59m 42s (since 2017-04-12, 13:41:36) 8. Load Average 1 min: 5%; 5 mins: 72%; 15 mins: 76% 9. Temperature 40° C Memory explanation: Field Name Sample Value 1. Free 14924 kB / 61020 kB (24%) 2. Cached 3. Buffered 16992 kB / 61020 kB (27%) 6740 kB / 61020 kB (11%) Explanation Name of the router (hostname of the router’s system). Can be changed in System -> Administration. Indicates how the router will be seen by other devices on the network. Can be changed in System -> Administration. Router’s model. Shows the version of the firmware that is currently loaded in the router. Newer versions might become available as new features are added. Use this field to decide whether you need a firmware upgrade or not. The version of the Linux kernel that is currently running on the router. Shows the current system time. Might differ from your computer, because the router synchronizes it's time with an NTP server. Format [year-month-day, hours: minutes: seconds]. Indicates how long it has been since the router booted up. Reboots will reset this timer to 0. Format [days hours minutes seconds (since yearmonth-day, hours: minutes: seconds)]. Indicates how busy the router is. Let's examine some sample output: "1 min: 5%, 5 mins: 72%, 15 mins: 76%". The first number means past minute and the second number 5 means that in the past minute there have been, on average, 5% processes running or waiting for a resource. Device’s temperature Explanation The amount of memory that is completely free. Should this rapidly decrease or get close to 0, it would indicate that the router is running out of memory, which could cause crashes and unexpected reboots. The size of the area of memory that is dedicated to storing frequently accessed data. The size of the area in which data is temporarily stored before moving it to another location. 19 6.3 Network Information 6.3.1.1 Mobile Displays information about mobile modem connections. 20 Mobile information: Field Name 1. Data connection state 2. IMEI 3. IMSI 4. 5. 6. ICCID SIM card state Signal strength 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Cell ID RSCP Ec/lo Operator Operator state Connection type Bytes received Bytes sent Sample Value Connected Explanation Mobile data connection status 861075024498503 246020100944448 Modem's IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) is used to identify the user in a cellular network 8937002160600414481F Your SIM card’s Integrated circuit card identifier number Ready Indicates the SIM card's state, e.g. PIN required, Not inserted, etc. -69 dBm Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Signal’s strength measured in dBm 6900156 ID of operator cell that device is currently connected to N/A Indicates the Reference Signal Received Power N/A Indicates the Reference Signal Received Quality LT BITE GSM Operator's name of the connected GSM network Registered (home) GSM network's status 3G (HSDPA+HSUPA) Indicates the GSM network's access technology 58.1 KB (59466 bytes) How many bytes were received via mobile data connection 47.8 KB (48939 bytes) How many bytes were sent via mobile data connection 6.3.1.2 WAN Displays information about WAN connection. 21 WAN information: Field Name 1. Interface Sample Value Wired 2. 3. 4. Type IP address WAN MAC DHCP 192.168.1.202 00:1E:42:00:02:1E 5. 6. Netmask Gateway 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 7. 8. DNS 1 Connected 192.168.1.1 0h 1m 5s Explanation Specifies through what medium the router is connecting to the internet. This can either be Wired, Mobile or Wi-Fi. Specifies the type of connection. This can either be static or DHCP. The IP address that the router uses to connect to the internet. MAC (Media Access Control) address used for communication in an Ethernet WAN (Wide Area Network) Specifies a mask used to define how large the WAN network is Indicates the default gateway, an address where traffic destined for the internet is routed to. Domain name server(s). How long the connection has been successfully maintained. 6.3.1.3 LAN Displays information about LAN connections. 22 LAN information: Field Name 1. Name 2. IP address 3. Netmask 4. Ethernet MAC address 5. Connected for Sample Value Lan 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0 00:1E:42:00:02:1D 1h 37m 25s Explanation LAN instance name Address that the router uses on the LAN network. A mask used to define how large the LAN network is MAC (Media Access Control) address used for communication in an Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) How long the LAN has been successfully maintained. DHCP Leases If you have enabled a DHCP server this field will show how many devices have received an IP address and what those IP addresses are. 1. 2. Field Name Hostname IP address Sample Value DESKTOP69-EIUGN 192.168.200.124 3. 4. LAN name Lan MAC address 18:66:DA:28:6A:34 5. Lease time remaining 11h 52m 58s Explanation DHCP client's hostname Each lease declaration includes a single IP address that has been leased to the client LAN instance name The MAC (Media Access Control) address of the network interface on which the lease will be used. MAC is specified as a series of hexadecimal octets separated by colons Remaining lease time for addresses handed out to clients 6.3.1.4 Wireless Wireless can work in two modes, Access Point (AP) or Station (STA). AP is when the wireless radio is used to create an Access Point that other devices can connect to. STA is when the radio is used to connect to an Access Point via WAN. 23 6.3.1.4.1 Station Display information about wireless connection (Station mode). Client mode information Field Name Sample Value 1. Channel 1 (2.41 GHz) 2. Country code 3. SSID 4. Mode 00 (World) GG Station (STA) 5. Encryption WPA2 PSK (CCMP) 6. Wireless MAC 7. Signal Quality C0:11:73:94:E8:E5 100% 8. Bit rate 39.0 MBit/s Explanation The channel that the AP, to which the router is connected to, uses. Your wireless radio is forced to work in this channel in order to maintain the connection. Country code. The SSID that the AP, to which the router is connected to, uses. Connection mode – Station (STA) indicates that the router is a client to some local AP. The AP, to which the router is connected to, dictates the type of encryption. The MAC address of the access points radio. The quality between routers radio and some other device that is connecting to the router. Will show 0% if no devices are trying to connect or are currently maintaining a connection. The physical maximum possible throughput that the routers radio can handle. Keep in mind that this value is cumulative - The bit rate will be shared between the router and other possible devices that connect to the local AP. 24 6.3.1.4.2 Access Point Display information about wireless connection (Access Point mode). Wireless AP information Field Name Sample Value 1. Channel 1 (2.41 GHz) Explanation The channel which is used to broadcast the SSID and to establish new connections to devices. 2. Country code 00(World) Country code. 3. SSID RUT200_test The SSID that is being broadcast. Other devices will see this and will be able to use to connect to your wireless network. 4. Mode Access Point (AP) Connection mode – Access Point (AP) indicates that your router is an access point. 5. Encryption Mixed WPA/WPA2 PSK The type of encryption that the router will use to authenticate, (CCMP) establish and maintain a connection. 6. Wireless MAC 00:1E:42:00:02:1F MAC address of your wireless radio. 7. Signal Quality 000% The quality between routers radio and some other device that is connecting to the router. Will show 0% if no devices are trying to connect or are currently maintaining a connection. 8. Bit rate 52.0 Mbit/s The bit rate will be shared between all devices that connect to the routers wireless network. Additional note: MBit/s indicates the bits not bytes. To get the throughput in bytes divide the bit value by 8, for e.g. 54MBits/s would be 6.75MB/s (Mega Bytes per second). 25 6.3.1.5 Associated Stations Outputs a list of all devices and their MAC addresses that are maintain a connection with your router right now. This can either be the information of the Access Point that the router is connecting to in STA mode or a list of all devices that are connecting to the router in AP mode: 1. 2. Field Name MAC Address Device Name 3. Signal 4. RX Rate 5. TX Rate Sample Value C0:11:73:94:E8:E5 android2450c1993f706ced -42dBm 72.2Mbit/s, MCS 7, 20MHz 52.0Mbit/s, MCS 5, 20MHz Explanation Associated station's MAC (Media Access Control) address DHCP client's hostname Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Signal's strength measured in dBm The rate at which packets are received from associated station The rate at which packets are sent to associated station 6.3.1.6 OpenVPN Client Displays OpenVPN connection information on client side. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Field Name Enabled Status Type IP Mask Time Sample Value Yes/No Connected Client 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255 0h 0m 13s Explanation OpenVPN status Connection status A type of OpenVPN instance that has been created Remote virtual network's IP address Remote virtual network's subnet mask For how long the connection has been established 26 6.3.1.7 OpenVPN Server Display OpenVPN connection information on server side. 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. Field Name Enabled Status Type IP Mask Time Sample Value Yes/No Connected Server 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 0h 6m 31s Explanation OpenVPN status Connection status A type of OpenVPN instance that has been created Remote virtual network's IP address Remote virtual network's subnet mask How long the connection has been established 6.3.1.8 Clients information It will show information, when router is configured as OpenVPN TLS server. 1. 2. 3. 4. Field Name Common Name Real Address Virtual Address Connection Since Sample Value Test001 212.59.13.226:52638 10.0.0.6 Thu May 05 2016 07:46:29 GMT + 0300 (FLE Standard Time) Explanation OpenVPN client’s name Client’s IP address and port number The virtual address that has been given to a client Since when the connection has been established 27 6.3.1.9 VRRP VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) for LAN 1. 2. Field Name Status Virtual IP Sample Value Enabled 192.168.1.253 3. Priority 100 4. Router** Master **-Exclusive to other Modes with Slave. Explanation VRRP status Virtual IP address(-es) for LAN’s VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) cluster Router with the highest priority value on the same VRRP cluster will act as a master, range [1 - 255] Connection mode – Master 6.3.1.10 Access Display information about local and remote active connections status. 28 1. 2. 3. 4. Field Name Type Status Port Active Connections Sample Value SSH; HTTP; HTTPS Disabled/Enabled 22; 80; 443 0(0.00B);0(0.00B); 6(558.12 KB) Explanation Type of connection protocol Connection status Connection port used Count of active connections and the amount of data transmitted in KB 6.3.1.10.1 Last Connections Displays information about the last 3 local and remote connections 1. 2. 3. 4. Field Name Type Date IP Authentications Status Sample Value SSH; HTTP; HTTPS 2016-03-03, 13:40:59 192.168.2.10 Failed/Succeed Explanation Type of connection protocol Date and time of connection IP address from which the connection was made Status of authentication attempt 29 6.4 Device information The page displays factory information that was written into the device during manufacturing process. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Field Name Serial number Product code Batch number Hardware revision IMEI IMSI Ethernet LAN MAC Ethernet WAN MAC Wireless MAC Model FW version Sample Value 77885555 RUT900001000 1000 0001 351579053257484 246021003515790 00:1E:42:00:00:1E 00:1E:42:00:00:11 00:1E:42:00:00:12 HE910-D 12.00.027 Explanation Serial number of the device Product code of the device Batch number used during the device’s manufacturing process Hardware revision of the device Identification number of the internal modem Subscriber identification number of the internal modem MAC address of the Ethernet LAN ports MAC address of the Ethernet WAN port MAC address of the Wi-Fi interface Router’s modem model Router’s modem firmware version 30 6.5 Services The page displays the usage of the available services. 31 6.6 Routes The page displays ARP table and active IP routes of the device. 6.6.1 ARP Show the router’s active ARP table. An ARP table contains recently cached MAC addresses of every immediate device that was communicating with the router. 1. Field Name IP Address Sample Value 192.168.99.17 2. MAC Address 00:25:22:D7:CA:A7 3. Interface br-lan Explanation Recently cached IP addresses of every immediate device that was communicating with the router Recently cached MAC addresses of every immediate device that was communicating with the router Interface used for connection 6.6.2 Active IP-Routes Shows the router’s routing table. The routing table indicates where a TCP/IP packet, with a specific IP address, should be directed to. 1. 2. Field Name Network Target Sample Value ppp 192.168.99.0/24 3. 4. IP Gateway Metric 0.0.0.0 Explanation Interface to be used to transmit TCP/IP packets through Indicates where a TCP/IP packet, with a specific IP address, should be directed Indicates through which gateway a TCP/IP packet should be directed Metric number indicating interface priority of usage 6.6.3 Active IPv6-Routes Display active IPv6 routes for data packet transition. 32 1. 2. Field Name Network Target Sample Value loopback 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/0 3. 4. IPv6-Gateway Metric 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/0 FFFFFFFF Explanation Network interface used Indicates where a TCP/IP packet, with a specific IP address, should be directed Indicates through which gateway a TCP/IP packet should be directed Metric number indicating interface priority of usage 33 6.7 Graphs Real-time graphs show how various statistical data changes over time. 6.7.1 Mobile Signal Strength Displays mobile signal strength variation in time (measured in dBm) 1. 2. 3. 4. Field Name Connection type Signal Average Peak Sample Value 3G (WCDMA) -72 dBm -72.0 dBm -72 dBm Explanation Type of mobile connection used Current signal strength value Average signal strength value Peak signal strength value 34 6.7.2 Realtime Load This tri-graph illustrates average CPU load values in real time. The graph consists out of three color coded graphs, each one corresponding to the average CPU load over 1 (red), 5 (orange) and 15 (yellow) most recent minutes. 1. 2. 3. Field Name 1/5/15 Minutes Load Average Peak Sample Value 0.83 Explanation Time interval for load averaging, colour of the diagram 0.86 1.50 Average CPU load value over time interval (1/5/15 Minute) Peak CPU load value of the time interval 35 6.7.3 Realtime Traffic These graphs illustrate the average system inbound and outbound traffic over the course of 3 minutes; each new measurement is taken every 3 seconds. Each graph consists out of two color coded graphs (green graph shows the outbound traffic, blue graph shows the inbound traffic). Although not graphed, the page also displays peak loads and averages of inbound and outbound traffic. 1. Field Name Bridge Explanation Cumulative graph, which encompasses wired Ethernet LAN and the wireless network. 2. LAN Graphs the total traffic that passes through both LAN network interfaces. 3. WAN (Wired) Graphs the amount of traffic which passed through the current active WAN connection. 4. Mobile Graphs the amount of traffic which passed through the mobile network connection. 5. Wi-Fi Shows the amount of traffic that has been sent and received through the wireless radio. 36 6.7.4 Realtime Wireless Displays the wireless radio signal, signal noise and the theoretical maximum channel permeability. Average and peak signal levels are displayed. 37 6.7.5 Realtime Connections Displays currently active network connections with the information about network, protocol, source and destination addresses, transfer speed. 38 6.8 Mobile Traffic Displays mobile connection data sent and received in KB of this day, week and month. By default mobile traffic usage logging is disabled. To use this functionality is needed to enable it. 1. 2. Field Name Enable Interval between records (sec) Sample Value Enable/Disable 60 Explanation Make the functionality active/inactive The interval between logging records (minimum 60 sec) 39 6.9 Events Log Event log displays such actions as: login, reboot, firmware flashing and reset. 6.9.1 All Events Displays all router events, their types and time of occurrence. 6.9.2 System Events Displays all system events, their type and time of occurrence. Events include authentication or reboot requests, incoming and outgoing SMS and Calls, Mails, Configuration changes and DHCP events. 6.9.3 Network Events Displays information about recent network events like connection status change, lease status change, network type or operator change. 40 7 Network 7.1 Mobile 7.1.1 General 7.1.1.1 Mobile configuration Here you can configure mobile settings which are used when connecting to your local 3G network. Field Name Sample value Explanation 41 1. QMI 2. Connection type Mode 3. APN “bangapro” 4. PIN number Any number that falls between 0000 and 9999 5. 7. Dialing number Authentication CHAP, PAP or none method Username “username” 8. Password “password” 9. Service mode 2G only, 3G only, 4G only or automatic. 10. Deny data roaming Use IPv4 only Enable/Disable 6. 11. NAT / Passthrough Enable / Disable The connection type used when connecting to a network. It can either be PPP or QMI. PPP is considerably slower than QMI. NAT mode enables network address translation on router. Passthrough mode is similar with bridge mode except that in passthrough mode router do have internet connection. Access Point Name (APN) is a configurable network identifier used by a mobile device when connecting to a GSM carrier. A personal identification number is a secret numeric password shared between a user and a system that can be used to authenticate the user to the system. Use this only if your SIM card has PIN enabled. Dialing number is used to establish a mobile PPP (Point-to-PointProtocol) connection. Authentication method, which your carrier uses to authenticate new connections. (This selection is unavailable on the alternate model) Your username that you would use to connect to your carrier’s network. This field becomes available when you select an authentication method (i.e. authentication method is not “none”). Your password that you would use to connect to your carrier’s network. This field becomes available when you select an authentication method (i.e. authentication method is not “none”). Your network preference. If your local mobile network supports 2G 3G and 4g you can specify to which network you wish to connect, e.g.: if you choose 2G only, the router will connect only to a 2G network. If you select auto, then the router will connect to the network that provides better connectivity. If enabled this function prevents the device from establishing mobile data connection while not in home network. If enabled this function makes the device to use only IPv4 settings when connecting to operator. Warning: If an invalid PIN number was entered (i.e. the entered PIN does not match the one that was used to protect the SIM card), your SIM card will get blocked. To avoid such mishaps it is highly advised to use an unprotected SIM. If you happen to insert a protected SIM and the PIN number is incorrect, your card won’t get blocked immediately, although after a couple of reboots OR configuration saves it will. 42 1.1.1.1.1 Passthrough mode Using Passthrough Mode will disable most of the router capabilities! DHCP mode: Static Enter your computer’s MAC address (xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx) to MAC Address field and select Lease time (expiration time for leased addresses). Device, whose MAC address will be entered, will get IP from the GSM operator. Other connected devices will get IP from the router’s DHCP server, but these devices will not have internet access. 43 DHCP mode: Dynamic When using Dynamic mode, the device will get an IP from the GSM operator, which connects to the router first. When using Passthrough in dynamic mode, the DHCP in LAN configuration will be disabled. DHCP mode: No DHCP Using no DHCP mode, the IP (also subnet, gateway and DNS) should be entered manually on your device which you are trying to connect to the router’s LAN. When using Passthrough in no DHCP mode, the DHCP in LAN configuration will be disabled. 7.1.1.2 Mobile Data On Demand 1. 2. Field name Enable Possible values Enable/Disable No data timeout(sec) 10-99999999 Explanation Mobile Data On Demand function enables you to keep mobile data connection on only when it's in use. The time it takes for mobile data connection to be terminated if there is no network activity. 7.1.2 Mobile Data Limit This function lets you limit maximum amount of data transferred on WAN interface in order to minimize unwanted traffic costs. 7.1.2.1 Data Connection Limit Configuration Field Name 1. Enable data connection limit 2. Data limit* (MB) 3. Period 4. Start day/ Start hour Sample value Enable/Disable Month/Week/Day Explanation Disables mobile data when a limit for the current period is reached Disable mobile data after limit value in MB is reached Period for which mobile data limiting should apply A starting time for mobile data limiting period * Your carrier's data usage accounting may differ. Teltonika is not liable should any accounting discrepancies occur. 44 7.1.2.2 SMS Warning Configuration Field Name 1. Enable SMS warning Sample value Enable/Disable 2. 3. 4. 5. 300 Month/Week/Day +37012345678 Data limit* (MB) Period Start day/ Start hour Phone number Explanation Enables the sending of a warning SMS message when mobile data limit for the current period is reached Send warning SMS message after limit value in MB is reached Period for which the mobile data limiting should apply A starting time for the mobile data limiting period A phone number to send the warning SMS message to, e.g. +37012345678 * Your carrier's data usage accounting may differ. Teltonika is not liable should any accounting discrepancies occur. 45 7.2 WAN 7.2.1 Operation Mode Your WAN configuration determines how the router will be connecting to the internet. 3. Type Main WAN Backup WAN/Load balancing Interface Name 4. 5. 6. Protocol IP Address Sort 1. 2. Explanation Switches between Mobile, Wired and Wi-Fi interfaces for main WAN Let’s user select one or two interfaces for WAN backup Displays the WAN interface name, and changes interface priority. The interface at the table top has the highest priority Displays the protocol used by the WAN interface Displays IP address acquired by a specific interface Sorts table rows and changes interface priority. The highest interface has the highest priority 7.2.2 Common configuration Common configuration allows you to configure your TCP/IP settings for the wan network. You can switch between Static, DHCP or PPPoE protocol by selecting the protocol that you want to use and then pressing Switch Protocol. 46 7.2.2.1 General Setup 7.2.2.1.1 Static: This is the configuration setup for when you select the static protocol. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Filed name IPv4 address IPv4 netmask IPv4 gateway IPv4 broadcast Sample 192.168.99.162 255.255.255.0 192.168.99.254 192.168.99.255 Use custom DNS servers 8.8.8.8 8.8.6.6 Explanation Your router’s address on the WAN network A mask used to define how “large” the WAN network is Address where the router will send all the outgoing traffic Broadcast address (auto generated if not set). It is best to leave this blank unless you know what you are doing. Usually the gateway has some predefined DNS servers. As such the router, when it needs to resolve a hostname (“www.google.com”, “www.cnn.com”, etc…) to an IP address, it will forward all the DNS requests to the gateway. By entering custom DNS servers the router will take care of host name resolution. You can enter multiple DNS servers to provide redundancy in case the one of the server fails. 7.2.2.1.2 DHCP: When you select the DHCP protocol you can use it as is, because most networks will not require any additional advanced configuration. 47 7.2.2.1.3 PPPoE This protocol is mainly used by DSL providers: This is the configuration setup for when you select PPPoE protocol. 1. Filed name PAP/CHAP username Sample test 2. 3. PAP/CHAP password Access Concentrator your_password auto 4. Service Name auto Explanation Your username and password that you would use to connect to your carrier’s network. A mask used to define how “large” the WAN network is Specifies the name of the access concentrator. Leave empty to auto detect. Specifies the name of the service. Leave empty to auto detect. 7.2.2.2 Advanced These are the advanced settings for each of the protocols, if you are unsure of how to alter these attributes it is highly recommended to leave them to a trained professional: 7.2.2.2.1 Static 48 1. Field name Disable NAT Override MAC address Sample value On/Off 86:48:71:B7:E9:E4 3. Override MTU 1500 4. Use gateway metric Explanation Toggle NAT on and off. Override MAC address of the WAN interface. If your ISP gives you a static IP address it might also bind it to your computer’s MAC address (i.e. that IP will only work with your computer). In this field you can enter your computer’s MAC address and “fool” the gateway in thinking that it is communicating with your computer. Maximum Transmission Unit – specifies the largest possible size of a data packet. The WAN configuration by default generates a routing table entry. With this field you can alter the metric of that entry. 7.2.2.2.2 DHCP 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. Field name Disable NAT Sample value Enable/Disable Use broadcast flag Use default gateway Use DNS server advertised by peer User gateway metric Enable/Disable Enable/Disable Enable/Disable 8. Client ID to send when requesting DHCP Vendor Class to send when requesting DHCP Override MAC address 86:48:71:B7:E9:E4 9. Override MTU 1500 7. Explanation If checked, router will not perform NAT (masquerade) on this interface Required for certain ISPs, e.g. Charter with DOCSIS 3 If unchecked, no default route is configured If unchecked, the advertised DNS server addresses are ignored The WAN configuration by default generates a routing table entry With this field you can alter the metric of that entry Specify client ID which will be sent when requesting DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Specify the vendor class which will be sent when requesting DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Override MAC address of the WAN interface. If your ISP gives you a static IP address it might also bind it to your computer’s MAC address (i.e. that IP will only work with your computer). In this field you can enter your computer’s MAC address and “fool” the gateway in thinking that it is communicating with your computer. Maximum transmission unit – specifies the largest possible size of a data packet. 49 7.2.2.2.3 PPPoE 1. Field name Disable NAT Sample value Enable/Disable 3. Use default gateway Use gateway metric Enable/Disable 4. Enable/Disable 6. Use DNS servers advertised by peer LCP echo failure threshold LCP echo interval 7. Inactivity timeout 5. Explanation If checked, the router will not perform NAT (masquerade) on this interface If unchecked, no default route is configured The WAN configuration by default generates a routing table entry. With this field you can alter the metric of that entry If unchecked, the advertised DNS server addresses are ignored Presume peer to be dead after given amount of LCP echo failures, use 0 to ignore failures Send LCP echo requests at the given interval in seconds, only effective in conjunction with failure threshold Close inactive connection after the given amount of seconds, use 0 to persist connection 50 7.2.2.2.4 IP Aliases IP aliases are a way of defining or reaching a subnet that works in the same space as the regular network. As you can see, the configuration is very similar to the static protocol; only in the example a 99th subnet is defined. Now if some device has an IP in the 99 subnet (192.168.99.xxx) and the subnet’s gateway metric is “higher” and the device is trying to reach the internet it will reroute it’s traffic not to the gateway that is defined in common configurations but through the one that is specified in IP aliases. You may also optionally define a broadcast address and a custom DNS server. 7.2.2.2.5 Backup WAN configuration Backup WAN is a function that allows you to back up your primary connection in case it goes down. There can be two backup connections selected at the same time, in that case, when the primary connection fails, the router tries to use the backup with higher priority and if that is unavailable or fails too, then router tries the backup with the lower priority. 51 The majority of the options consist of timing and other important parameters that help determine the health of your primary connection. Regular health checks are constantly performed in the form of ICMP packets (Pings) on your primary connection. When the connection’s state starts to change (READY->NOT READY and vice versa) a necessary amount of failed or passed health checks has to be reached before the state changes completely. This delay is instituted so as to mitigate “spikes” in connection availability, but it also extends the time before the backup link can be brought up or down. 1. Field Name Health monitor Interval Sample value Disable/5/10/20/30/60/120 Seconds Disable/DNS Server(s) /WAN GW/Custom 2. Health monitor ICMP host(s) 3. Health monitor ICMP timeout 1/3/4/5/10 Seconds 4. Attempts before failover 1/3/5/10/15/20 5. Attempts before recovery 1/3/5/10/15/20 Explanation The interval at which health checks are performed Indicate where to Ping for a health check. As there is no definitive way to determine when the connection to internet is down for good, you’ll have to define a host whose availability is that of the internet as a whole. How long to wait for an ICMP request to come back. Set a higher value if your connection has high latency or high jitter (latency spikes). How many failed checks before your WAN connection is declared DOWN for good. How many checks before your WAN connection is declared UP. 7.2.2.3 How do I set up a backup link? First we must select a main link and choose one or two backup links in WAN section. Then push the “Edit” button and configure your WAN and Backup Wan settings to your liking. Click Save and wait until the settings are applied. Now in the Status -> Network Information -> WAN page there should be a status indication for the backup WAN. If everything is working correctly you should see something like this: The above picture shows the status for Backup WAN configured on a wired main link. You can now simulate a downed link by simply unplugging your Ethernet WAN cable. When you’ve done so you should see this: And, if you plug the cable back in you should, again, see this: 52 7.3 LAN This page is used to configure the LAN network, where all your devices and computers that you connect to the router will reside. 7.3.1 Configuration 7.3.1.1 General Setup 1. 3. Field name IP address IP netmask IP broadcast Sample value 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Explanation Address that the router uses on the LAN network A mask used to define how “large” the LAN network is IP broadcasts are used by BOOTP and DHCP clients to find and send requests to their respective servers 7.3.1.2 Advanced settings Sample value Enable/Disable 2. Field name Accept router advertisements Override MTU 3. Use gateway metric 4. Use WAN port as LAN Enable/Disable 1. 1500 Explanation If enabled allows accepting router advertisements (Disabled by default). MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) specifies the largest possible size of a data packet. The LAN configuration by default generates a routing table entry. With this field you can alter the metric of that entry. When enabled it allows you to use the WAN port as a LAN port. 53 7.3.2 DHCP Server The DHCP server is the router’s side service that can automatically configure the TCP/IP settings of any device that requests such a service. If you connect a device that has been configured to obtain IP address automatically the DHCP server will lease an IP address and the device will be able to fully communicate with the router. 7.3.2.1 General Setup 1. Field Name DHCP 2. Start Sample value Enable / Disable/ DHCP Relay 100 3. Limit 150 4. Lease time 12 Explanation Manage DHCP server The starting address of the range that the DHCP server can use to give out to devices. E.g.: if your LAN IP is 192.168.2.1 and your subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 that means that in your network a valid IP address has to be in the range of [192.168.2.1 – 192.168.2.254](192.168.2.0 and 192.168.2.255 are special unavailable addresses). If the Start value is set to 100 then the DHCP server will only be able to lease out addresses starting from 192.168.2.100 How many addresses the DHCP server gets to lease out. Continuing on the above example: if the start address is 192.168.2.100 then the end address will be 192.168.2.254 (100 + 155 – 1 = 254). How long a leased IP will be considered valid. An IP address after the specified amount of time will expire and the device that leased it out will have to request a new one. Select Hours or Minutes (minimum 2min). 7.3.2.2 Advanced settings You can also define some advanced options that specify how the DHCP server will operate on your LAN network. 54 1. Field Name Sample Value Dynamic DHCP Checked/Unchecked 2. Force 3. IP netmask 4. DHCP Options Checked/Unchecked Explanation Dynamically allocate client addresses, if set to 0 only clients present in the ethers files are served Forces DHCP serving even if another DHCP server is detected on the same network segment. You can override your LAN netmask here to make the DHCP server think it’s serving a larger or a smaller network than it actually is. Additional options to be added for this DHCP server. For example with '26,1470' or 'option:mtu, 1470' you can assign an MTU per DHCP. Your client must accept MTU by DHCP for this to work. 7.3.2.3 Static Leases This page is used to configure static IP leases. 1. 2. 3. Field Name Hostname MAC address IP address Sample Value Printer 10:a5:d0:70:9c:72 (192.168.1.104) 192.168.1.104 Explanation The name which will be linked with IP address. Device’s MAC address Device’s IP address 7.3.2.4 IP Aliases 7.3.2.4.1 General Setup IP aliases are the way of defining or reaching a subnet that works in the same space as the regular network. 55 56 7.3.2.4.2 Advanced Settings You may also optionally define a broadcast address and a custom DNS server. 57 7.4 Wireless On this page you can configure your wireless settings. Depending on whether your WAN mode is set to Wi-Fi or not, the page will display either the options for configuring an Access Point or options for configuring a connection to a local access point. Access Point: Here you can see the Overview of the wireless configuration. It is divided into two main sections – device and interface. One is dedicated to configuring hardware parameters, the other – software. Here you can toggle the availability of the wireless radio and the physical channel frequency. Important note: As seen in the picture you should always Save before toggling the radio on and off. SSID – Your wireless network’s identification string. This is the name of your Wi-Fi network. When other Wi-Fi capable computers or devices scan the area for Wi-Fi networks they will see your network with this name. Hide SSID – Will render your SSID hidden from other devices that try to scan the area. Connect to WRP100 automatically – let Teltonika WRP100 wireless repeater connect to this router automatically. 58 7.4.1.1 Device 7.4.1.1.1 Advanced Settings Here you can configure more advanced parameters: 1. Field name Mode Sample value Auto, b, g, g+n 2. Country Code 3. 4. Transmit power Fragmentation threshold 5. RTS/CTS Threshold Explanation Different modes provide different throughput and security options. Any ISO/IEC 3166 alpha2 Selecting this will help the wireless radio configure it’s country code internal parameters to meet your country’s wireless regulations. 20%/40%/60%/80%/100% Select Wi-Fi signal power 2346 The smallest packet size that can be fragmented and transmitted by multiple frames. In areas were interference is a problem, setting a lower fragment threshold might help reduce the probability of unsuccessful packet transfers, thus increasing speed. 2346 Request to send threshold. It can help resolve problems that arise when several access points are in the same area, contending. 7.4.1.2 Interface 7.4.1.2.1 Security Encryption – there are many modes of encryption, a distinctive class is pointed out below. 59 First select an encryption method: TKIP, CCMP, TKIP&CCMP and auto. Note: Some authentication methods won’t support TKIP (and TKIP&CCMP) encryption. After you’ve selected your encryption method, you should enter your pass phrase, which must be at least 8 characters long. 7.4.1.2.2 MAC-Filter Filter – you can define a rule for what to do with the MAC list you’ve defined. You can either allow only the listed MACs or allow ALL, but forbid the listed ones. 7.4.1.2.3 Advanced settings Separate clients – prevents Wi-Fi clients from communicating with each other on the same subnet. Increase TTL packet size – increase TTL packet size for incoming packets. 7.4.1.3 Client RUT230 can work as a Wi-Fi client. Client mode is nearly identical to AP, except for the fact that most of the options are dictated by the wireless access point that the router is connecting to. Changing them can result in an interrupted connection to an AP. In addition to standard options you can also click the Scan button to re-scan the surrounding area to attempt to connect to a new wireless access point. 60 7.5 VLAN On this page you can configure your Virtual LAN settings. 7.5.1 VLAN Networks 7.5.1.1 VLAN Functionality 1. Field Name VLAN mode Sample Value Disabled / Tag based Explanation Lets the user choose the VLAN mode or disable VLAN functionality. 7.5.1.2 VLAN mode – Tag based: 1. 3. 4. Field Name VLAN ID Wireless access points LAN Sample Value Enabled / Disabled Explanation VLAN Identification number, allowed in range (1-4094) Assign selected access point(s) to selected LAN. None Select to which LAN the wireless access point(s) will be applied. 7.5.2 LAN Networks In this page you can create extra LAN networks, and assign them with LAN Ports and wireless access points. You can get extra information on how to configure any of your LAN’s settings in section – 7.3 LAN 1. 2. Field Name LAN name Interface name Sample Value Lan eth0 tap0 Explanation Specifies new LAN name Specifies LAN interface name 61 7.6 Firewall In this section we will look over the various firewall features that come with RUT230. 7.6.1 General Settings The router’s firewall is a standard Linux iptables package, which uses routing chains and policies to facilitate control over inbound and outbound traffic. 1. 2. Field Name Drop Invalid packets Input Sample value Explanation Checked/Unchecked A “Drop” action is performed on a packet that is determined to be invalid Reject/Drop/Accept DEFAULT* action that is to be performed for packets that pass through the Input chain. 3. Output Reject/Drop/Accept DEFAULT* action that is to be performed for packets that pass through the Output chain. 4. Forward Reject/Drop/Accept DEFAULT* action that is to be performed for packets that pass through the Forward chain. *DEFAULT: When a packet goes through a firewall chain it is matched against all the rules for that specific chain. If no rule matches said packet, an according Action (either Drop or Reject or Accept) is performed. Accept – Packet gets to continue down the next chain. Drop – Packet is stopped and deleted. Reject – Packet is stopped, deleted and, differently from Drop, an ICMP packet containing a message of rejection is sent to the source of the dropped packet. 62 7.6.2 DMZ By enabling DMZ for a specific internal host (e.g.: your computer), you will expose that host and it’s services to the router’s WAN network (i.e. - internet). 7.6.3 Port Forwarding Here you can define your own port forwarding rules. You can use port forwarding to set up servers and services on local LAN machines. The above picture shows how you can set up a rule that would allow a website that is being hosted on 192.168.1.109, to be reached from the outside by entering http://routersExternalIp:12345/. 63 1. Field Name Name 2. 3. Protocol External Port 4. Internal IP address 5. Internal port Sample value Explanation Enable_SSH_WAN_PASSTHROUGH Name of the rule. Used purely to make it easier to manage rules. TCP/UDP/TCP+UDP/Other The type of protocol of the incoming packet. 1-65535 The traffic will be forwarded from this port of the WAN network. IP address of a computer on your The IP address of the internal machine that hosts a LAN service that we want to access from the outside. 1-65535 The rule will redirect the traffic to that port of the internal machine. When you click edit you can fine tune a rule to near perfection, if you should desire that. 1. Field Name Name 2. Protocol 3. 4. 5. 7. Source zone Source MAC address Source IP address Source port 8. External IP address Sample value Explanation ENABLE_SSH_WAN_PASSTHROUGH Name of the rule. Used purely to make it easier to manage rules. TCP/UDP/TCP+ You may specify multiple by selecting (custom) and UDP/ICMP/Custom then entering protocols separated by space LAN/VPN/WAN Match incoming traffic from this zone only any Match incoming traffic from these MACs only any any Match incoming traffic from this IP or range only Match incoming traffic originating from the given source port or port range on the client host only Match incoming traffic directed at the given IP any 64 9. External port 22 10. Internal zone LAN/VPN/WAN 11. Internal IP address 127.0.0.1 12. Internal port any 13. Enable NAT loopback Enable/Disable 14. Extra arguments address only Match incoming traffic directed at the given destination port or port range on this host only Redirect matched incoming traffic to the specified internal zone Redirect matched incoming traffic to the specified internal host Redirect matched incoming traffic to the given port on the internal host NAT loopback enables your local network (i.e. behind your router/modem) to connect to a forward-facing IP address (such as 208.112.93.73) of a machine that it also on your local network Passes additional arguments to iptables. Use with care! 7.6.4 Traffic Rules The traffic rule page contains a more generalized rule definition. With it you can block or open ports, alter how traffic is forwarded between LAN and WAN and many more things. 65 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Field Name Name Protocol Source Destination Action Enable 7. Sort Explanation Name of the rule. Used for easier rules management purpose only Protocol type of incoming or outgoing packet Match incoming traffic from this IP or range only Redirect matched traffic to the given IP address and destination port Action to be taken for the packet if it matches the rule Self-explanatory. Uncheck to make the rule inactive. The rule will not be deleted, but it also will not be loaded into the firewall. When a packet arrives, it gets checked for a matching rule. If there are several rules that match the rule, the first one is applied i.e. the order of the rule list impacts how your firewall operates, therefore you are given the ability to sort your list as you wish. You can configure firewall rule by clicking edit button. Sample value “Allow-DHCP-Relay” IPv4 and IPV6 Explanation Used to make rule management easier Match traffic from selected address family only 3. Field Name Name Restrict to address family Protocol TCP/UDP/Any/ICMP/Custom 4. 5. Match ICMP type Source zone any any zone/LAN/VPN/WAN Protocol of the packet that is being matched against traffic rules. Match traffic with selected ICMP type only Match incoming traffic from this zone only 1. 2. 66 6. any Match incoming traffic from these MACs only 7. 8. Source MAC address Source address Source port any any 9. Destination zone Device/Any zone/LAN/VPN/WAN any Match incoming traffic from this IP or range only Match incoming traffic originating from the given source port or port range on the client host only Match forwarded traffic to the given destination zone only 10. Destination address 11. Destination port 12. Action Match forwarded traffic to the given destination IP address or IP range only 67 Match forwarded traffic to the given destination port or port range only Drop/Accept/Reject + chain + Action to be taken on the packet if it matches the rule. You additional rules can also define additional options like limiting packet volume, and defining to which chain the rule belongs 7.6.4.1 Open Ports On the Router 1. 2. Field Name Name Protocol 3. External port Sample value Explanation Open_Port_rule Used to make rule management easier TCP/UDP/Any/ICMP/Custom Protocol of the packet that is being matched against traffic rules. 1-65535 Match incoming traffic directed at the given destination port or port range on this host. 7.6.4.2 New Forward Rule 1. 2. 3. Field Name Name Source Protocol Sample value Forward rule new LAN/VPN/WAN TCP/UDP/Any/ICMP/Custom Explanation Used to make rule management easier Match incoming traffic from selected address family only Protocol of the packet that is being matched against traffic rules. 67 7.6.4.3 Source NAT Source NAT is a specific form of masquerading which allows fine grained control over the source IP used for outgoing traffic, for example to map multiple WAN addresses to internal subnets. 1. 2. Field Name Name Protocol Sample value SNAT TCP/UDP/Any/ICMP/Custom 3. 4. 5. Source Destination SNAT LAN/VPN/WAN LAN/VPN/WAN Rewrite to source IP 10.101.1.10 6. Enable Enable/Disable Explanation Used to make rule management easier Protocol of the packet that is being matched against traffic rules. Match incoming traffic from selected address family only Forward incoming traffic to selected address family only SNAT (Source Network Address Translation) rewrite packet\'s source IP address and port Make a rule active/inactive You can configure firewall source NAT rule, by clicking edit button. 68 1. 2. Field Name Name Protocol 3. 4. 5. 6. Source zone Source MAC address Source address Source port 7. Destination zone 8. Destination IP address 9. Destination port 10. SNAT IP address 11. SNAT port 12. Extra arguments Sample value Explanation SNAT Used to make rule management easier TCP/UDP/Any/ICMP/Custom Protocol of the packet that is being matched against traffic rules. LAN/VPN/WAN Match incoming traffic from this zone only any Match incoming traffic from these MACs only any Match incoming traffic from this IP or range only any Match incoming traffic originating from the given source port or port range on the client host only LAN/VPN/WAN Match forwarded traffic to the given destination zone only Select from the list Match forwarded traffic to the given destination IP address or IP range only any Match forwarded traffic to the given destination port or port range only “10.101.1.10” Rewrite matched traffic to the given IP address “22” Rewrite matched traffic to the given source port. May be left empty to only rewrite the IP address' Passes additional arguments to iptables. Use with care! 69 7.6.5 Custom Rules Here you have the ultimate freedom in defining your rules – you can enter them straight into the iptables program. Just type them out into the text field ant it will get executed as a Linux shell script. If you are unsure of how to use iptables, check out the internet for manuals, examples and explanations. 7.6.6 DDOS Prevention 7.6.6.1 SYN Flood Protection SYN Flood Protection allows you to protect your router from attacks that exploit part of the normal TCP three-way handshake to consume resources on the targeted server and render it unresponsive. Essentially, with SYN flood DDoS, the offender sends TCP connection requests faster than the targeted machine can process them, causing network saturation. 70 1. 2. Field Name Enable SYN flood protection SYN flood rate Sample value Enable/Disable “25” 3. SYN flood burst “50” 4. TCP SYN cookies Enable/Disable Explanation Makes router more resistant to SYN flood attacks. Set rate limit (packets/second) for SYN packets above which the traffic is considered flooded. Set burst limit for SYN packets above which the traffic is considered flooded if it exceeds the allowed rate. Enable the use of SYN cookies (particular choices of initial TCP sequence numbers by TCP servers). 7.6.6.2 Remote ICMP requests Attackers are using ICMP echo request packets directed to IP broadcast addresses from remote locations to generate denial-of-service attacks. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Field Name Enable ICMP requests Enable ICMP limit Limit period Limit Limit burst Sample value Enable/Disable Enable/Disable Second/Minute/Hour/Day “10” “5” Explanation Blocks remote ICMP echo-request type Enable ICMP echo-request limit in selected period Select in what period limit ICMP echo-request Maximum ICMP echo-requests during the period Indicating the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in. 7.6.6.3 SSH Attack Prevention Prevent SSH (allows a user to run commands on a machine's command prompt without them being physically present near the machine.) attacks by limiting connections in a defined period. 71 1. 2. 3. 4. Field Name Enable SSH limit Limit period Limit Limit burst Sample value Enable/Disable Second/Minute/Hour/Day “10” “5” Explanation Enable SSH connections limit in selected period Select in what period limit SSH connections Maximum SSH connections during the period Indicating the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in. 7.6.6.4 HTTP Attack Prevention HTTP attacks send a complete, legitimate HTTP header, which includes a 'Content-Length' field to specify the size of the message body to follow. However, the attacker then proceeds to send the actual message body at an extremely slow rate (i.e. 1 byte/110 seconds). Due to the entire message being correct and complete, the target server will attempt to obey the 'Content-Length' field in the header, and wait for the entire body of the message to be transmitted, hence slowing it down. 1. 2. 3. 4. Field Name Enable HTTP limit Limit period Limit Limit burst Sample value Enable/Disable Second/Minute/Hour/Day “10” “10” Explanation Limits HTTP connections per period Select in what period limit HTTP connections Maximum HTTP connections during the period Indicating the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in. 7.6.6.5 HTTPS Attack Prevention 72 1. 2. 3. 4. Field Name Enable HTTPS limit Limit period Limit Limit burst Sample value Enable/Disable Second/Minute/Hour/Day “10” “10” Explanation Limits HTTPS connections per period Select in what period to limit HTTPS connections Maximum HTTPS connections during the period Indicating the maximum burst 7.6.7 Port Scan Prevention 7.6.7.1 Port Scan 1. 2. Field Name Enable Interval Sample value Enable/Disable 30 3. Scan count 10 Explanation Enable port scan prevention Time interval in seconds counting the length of the scan (10 – 60 sec.) How many port scans before blocked 7.6.7.2 Defending type 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Field Name SYN-FIN attack SYN-RST attack X-Mas attack FIN scan NULLflags attack Explanation Protect from SYN-FIN attack Protect from SYN-RST attack Protect from X-Mas attack Protect from FIN scan Protect from NULLflags attack 73 7.7 Routing 7.7.1 Static Routes Static routes specify over which interface and gateway a certain host or network can be reached. 1. 2. 3. 4. Field name Routing table Interface Destination address Netmask Value MAIN/WAN/WAN2/WAN3 MAIN/WAN/WAN2/WAN3 IP address IP mask 5. Gateway IP address 6. Metric integer Explanation Defines the table to use for the route The zone where the target network resides The address of the destination network Mask that is applied to the Target to determine what actual IP addresses the routing rule applies Where the router should send all the traffic that applies to the rule Used as a sorting measure. If a packet about to be routed fits two rules, the one with the higher metric is applied. Additional note on Target & Netmask: You can define a rule that applies to a single IP like this: Target - some IP; Netmask - 255.255.255.255. Furthermore you can define a rule that applies to a segment of IPs like this: Target – an IP that STARTS the segment; Netmask – Netmask that defines how large the segment is. E.g.: 192.168.55.161 192.168.55.0 192.168.55.240 192.168.55.161 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.0 255.255.0.0 Only applies to 192.168.55.161 Applies to IPs in range 192.168.55.0-192.168.55.255 Applies 192.168.55.240 - 192.168.55.255 192.168.55.0 - 192.168.55.255 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 74 7.7.2 Dynamic Routes 7.7.2.1 General Dynamic routes provide dynamic routing which enables the router to select paths according to real-time logical network layout changes. 1. 2. Field name Enable Router ID Value Enable/Disable 192.168.1.1 Explanation Enable dynamic routes Router’s ID 7.7.2.2 OSPF Protocol 7.7.2.2.1 OSPF General Instance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Field name Enable Stub RFC1583 compatibility Import Export Value Enable/Disable Enable/Disable Enable/Disable Explanation Enables OSPF protocol Enable/Disable stub Enables OSPF compatibility with RFC1583 specification All/None/custom All/None/custom Set if the protocol must import routes Set if the protocol must export routes 75 7.7.2.2.2 OSPF Area The OSPF network can be divided into sub-domains called areas. 1. 2. Field name Area name Enable Value OSPF_area Yes/No Explanation OSPF area’s name Enable/disable OSPF area To see at specific configuration settings press “edit” button located in newly created OSPF area. A new page with detailed configuration appears, as shown in the picture below. 1. 2. 3. 4. Field name Enabled Stub Interface New IP Value Enable/Disable Enable/Disable br-lan Explanation Enable specific OSPF area Enable/disable stub The interface that the new instance will have Name of the new OSPF network configuration. Used for easier configuration management purpose only 76 7.7.2.3 General Protocol 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Field name Enable Learn Persist Scan time Import Export Enable Scan time Value Enable/Disable Enable/Disable Enable/Disable 20 All All Enable/Disable 10 Explanation Enable/Disable settings Enables route learning If checked it allows route storing. After a restart, routes will still be configured Time between scans Set if the protocol must import routes Set if the protocol must export routes If checked the protocol will not be configured Time between scans 7.7.2.3.1 Static Routes 1. 2. Field name Prefix Type Explanation Protocol prefix of an incoming or outgoing packet Protocol type of an incoming or outgoing packet 77 8 Services 8.1 VRRP 8.1.1 VRRP LAN Configuration Settings 1. 2. Field name Enable IP address Sample Enable/Disable 192.168.1.253 3. Virtual ID 4. Priority 100 Explanation Enable VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) for LAN Virtual IP address for LAN's VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) cluster Routers with same IDs will be grouped in the same VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) cluster, range [1-255] Router with highest priority value on the same VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) cluster will act as a master, range [1-255] 8.1.2 Check Internet connection 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Field name Enable Ping IP address Ping interval Ping timeout (sec) Ping packet size Sample Enable/Disable 8.8.4.4 10 50 6. Ping retry count 100 Explanation Enable WAN's connection monitoring A host to send ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) packets to Time interval in seconds between two Pings Response timeout value, interval [1 - 9999] ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) packet's size, interval [0 1000] Failed Ping attempt’s count before determining that connection is lost, interval [1 – 9999] 78 8.2 Web Filter 8.2.1 Site blocking 1. 2. Field name Enable Mode Sample Enable/Disable Whitelist/Blacklist 3. 4. Enable Host name Enable/Disable www.yahoo.com Explanation Enable host name based websites blocking Whitelist - allow every site on the list and block everything else. Blacklist block every site on the list and allow everything else. Check to enable site blocking Block/allow site with this hostname 8.2.2 Proxy Based Content Blocker 1. Field name Enable Sample Enable/Disable 2. Mode Whitelist/Blacklist 3. URL content example.com Explanation Enable proxy server based URL content blocking. Works with HTTP protocol only Whitelist - allow every part of URL on the list and block everything else. Blacklist - block every part of URL on the list and allow everything else Block/allow any URL containing this string. Example.com, example.*, *.example.com 79 8.3 NTP NTP configuration lets you setup and synchronize routers time. Description Local time of router. Time zone of your country. Enable system’s time synchronization with time server using NTP (Network Time Protocol) 4. Update interval How often router updates systems time 5. Save time to flash Save last synchronized time to flash memory 6. Count of time Total amount of times that router will do the synchronization. Note: If left blank - the synchronizations count will be infinite 7. Offset frequency Adjust the minor drift of the clock so that it will be more accurate Note, that under Time Servers at least one server has to be present, otherwise NTP will not serve its purposes. 1. 2. 3. Field name Current System time Time zone Enable NTP 80 8.4 VPN 8.4.1 OpenVPN VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a method for secure data transfer through unsafe public network. This section explains how to configure OpenVPN, which is implementation of VPN supported by the RUT900 router. A picture below demonstrates default OpenVPN configurations list, which is empty, so you have to define a new configuration to establish any sort of OpenVPN connection. To create it, enter desired configuration name in “New configuration name” field, select device role from “Role” drop down list. For example, to create an OpenVPN client with configuration name demo, select client role, name it “demo” and press “Add New” button as shown in the following picture. 81 To see at specific configuration settings press “edit” button located in newly created configuration entry. A new page with detailed configuration appears, as shown in the picture below (TLS client example). 82 You can set custom settings here according to your VPN needs. Below is summary of parameters available to set: 1. 2. Field name Enabled TUN/TAP 3. 4. 5. Protocol Port LZO 6. 7. Encryption Authentication 8. 9. 10. TLS cipher Remote host/IP address Resolve Retry 11. Keep alive 12. Remote network IP address Remote network IP netmask Max routes HMAC authentication algorithm Additional HMAC authentication Certificate authority Client certificate 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Explanation Switches configuration on and off. This must be selected to make configuration active. Selects virtual VPN interface type. TUN is most often used in typical IP-level VPN connections, however, TAP is required to some Ethernet bridging configurations. Defines a transport protocol used by connection. You can choose here between TCP and UDP. Defines TCP or UDP port number (make sure, that this port allowed by firewall). This setting enables LZO compression. With LZO compression, your VPN connection will generate less network traffic; however, this means higher router CPU loads. Use it carefully with high rate traffic or low CPU resources. Selects Packet encryption algorithm. Sets authentication mode, used to secure data sessions. Two possibilities you have here: “Static key” means, that OpenVPN client and server will use the same secret key, which must be uploaded to the router using “Static pre-shared key” option. “TLS” authentication mode uses X.509 type certificates. Depending on your selected OpenVPN mode (client or server) you have to upload these certificates to the router: For client: Certificate Authority (CA), Client certificate, Client key. For server: Certificate Authority (CA), Server certificate, Server key and Diffie-Hellman (DH) certificate used to key exchange through unsafe data networks. All mention certificates can be generated using OpenVPN or Open SSL utilities on any type host machine. Certificate generation and theory is out of scope of this user manual. Packet encryption algorithm (cipher) IP address of OpenVPN server (applicable only for client configuration). Sets time in seconds to try resolving server hostname periodically in case of first resolve failure before generating service exception. Defines two time intervals: one is used to periodically send ICMP request to OpenVPN server, and another one defines a time window, which is used to restart OpenVPN service, if no ICPM request is received during the window time slice. Example Keep Alive “10 60” IP address of remote network, an actual LAN network behind another VPN endpoint. Subnet mask of remote network, an actual LAN network behind another VPN endpoint. Allow a maximum number of routes to be pulled from an OpenVPN server Sets HMAC authentication algorithm Add an additional layer of HMAC authentication on top of the TLS control channel to protect against DoS attacks Certificate authority is an entity that issues digital certificates. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. Client certificate is a type of digital certificate that is used by client systems to make authenticated requests to a remote server. Client certificates play a key role in many mutual 83 19. Client key authentication designs, providing strong assurances of a requester's identity. Authenticating the client to the server and establishing precisely who they are After setting any of these parameters press “Save” button. Some of selected parameters will be shown in the configuration list table. You should also be aware of the fact that router will launch separate OpenVPN service for every configuration entry (if it is defined as active, of course) so the router has ability to act as server and client at the same time. 84 8.4.2 IPSec The IPsec protocol client enables the router to establish a secure connection to an IPsec peer via the Internet. IPsec is supported in two modes - transport and tunnel. Transport mode creates secure point to point channel between two hosts. Tunnel mode can be used to build a secure connection between two remote LANs serving as a VPN solution. IPsec system maintains two databases: Security Policy Database (SPD) which defines whether to apply IPsec to a packet or not and specify which/how IPsec-SA is applied and Security Association Database (SAD), which contain Key of each IPsec-SA. The establishment of the Security Association (IPsec-SA) between two peers is needed for IPsec communication. It can be done by using manual or automated configuration. Note: router starts establishing tunnel when data from router to remote site over tunnel is sent. For automatic tunnel establishment used tunnel Keep Alive feature. 85 1. 2. 3. Field name Enable IKE version Mode 4. My identifier type 5. My identifier 6. Dead Peer Enabled/Disabled Detection Pre shared key Remote VPN endpoint IP address/Subnet mask 7. 8. 9. 10. Enable keep alive 11. Host 12. Ping period (sec) Value Enabled/Disabled IKEv1 or IKEv2 “Main” or “Aggressive” Address, FQDN, User FQDN Enabled/Disabled Explanation Check box to enable IPSec. Method of key exchange ISAKMP (Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol) phase 1 exchange mode Choose one accordingly to your IPSec configuration Set the device identifier for IPSec tunnel. In case RUT has Private IP, its identifier should be its own LAN network address. In this way, the Road Warrior approach is possible. The values clear, hold and restart all active DPD A shared password to authenticate between the peer Domain name or IP address. Leave empty or any Remote network secure group IP address and mask used to determine to what subnet an IP address belongs to. Range [0-32]. IP should differ from device LAN IP Enable tunnel keep alive function A host address to which ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo requests will be send Send ICMP echo request every x seconds. Range [0-999999] Phase 1 and Phase 2 must be configured accordingly to the IPSec server configuration, thus algorithms, authentication and lifetimes of each phase must be identical. 86 Value DES, 3DES, AES 128, AES 192, AES256 2. Field name Encryption algorithm Authentication 3. Hash algorthm MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512 4. DH group 4. PFS group 5. Lifetime MODP768, MODP1024, MODP1536, MODP2048, MODP3072, MODP4096 MODP768, MODP1024, MODP1536, MODP2048, MODP3072, MODP4096, No PFS Hours, Minutes, Seconds 1. MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512 Explanation The encryption algorithm must match with another incoming connection to establish IPSec The authentication algorithm must match with another incoming connection to establish IPSec The hash algorithm must match with another incoming connection to establish IPSec The DH (Diffie-Helman) group must with another incoming connection to establish IPSec The PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) group must match with another incoming connection to establish IPSec The time duration for phase 87 8.4.3 GRE Tunnel GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation RFC2784) is a solution for tunneling RFC1812 private address-space traffic over an intermediate TCP/IP network such as the Internet. GRE tunneling does not use encryption it simply encapsulates data and sends it over the WAN. In the example network diagram two distant networks LAN1 and LAN2 are connected. To create GRE tunnel the user must know the following parameters: 1. Source and destination IP addresses. 2. Tunnel local IP address 3. Distant network IP address and Subnet mask. 88 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Field name Enabled Remote endpoint IP address Remote network Remote network netmask Local tunnel IP Local tunnel netmask MTU 8. TTL 9. PMTUD 10. Enable Keep alive 11. Keep Alive host 12. Keep Alive interval Explanation Check the box to enable the GRE Tunnel function. Specify remote WAN IP address. IP address of LAN network on the remote device. Network of LAN network on the remote device. Range [0-32]. Local virtual IP address. Cannot be in the same subnet as LAN network. Network of local virtual IP address. Range [0-32] Specify the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of a communications protocol of a layer in bytes. Specify the fixed time-to-live (TTL) value on tunneled packets [0-255]. The 0 is a special value meaning that packets inherit the TTL value. Check the box to enable the Path Maximum Transmission Unit Discovery (PMTUD) status on this tunnel. It gives the ability for one side to originate and receive keep alive packets to and from a remote router even if the remote router does not support GRE keep alive. Keep Alive host IP address. Preferably IP address which belongs to the LAN network on the remote device. Time interval for Keep Alive. Range [0 - 255]. 89 8.4.4 PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a protocol (set of communication rules) that allows corporations to extend their own corporate network through private "tunnels" over the public Internet. Effectively, a corporation uses a wide-area network as a single large local area network. A company no longer needs to lease its own lines for wide-area communication but can securely use the public networks. This kind of interconnection is known as a virtual private network (VPN). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Field name Enable Local IP Remote IP range begin Remote IP range end Username Password User IP Explanation Check the box to enable the PPTP function. IP Address of this device (RUT) IP address leases beginning IP address leases end Username to connect to PPTP (this) server Password to connect to PPTP server Users IP address 90 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. name Enable Use as default gateway Server Username Password Explanation Enable current configuration Use this PPTP instance as default gateway The server IP address or hostname The user name for authorization with the server The password for authorization with the server 91 8.4.5 L2TP Allows setting up a L2TP server or client. Below is L2TP server configuration example. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Field name Enable Local IP Remote IP range begin Remote IP range end Username Password Explanation Check the box to enable the L2TP Tunnel function. IP Address of this device (RUT) IP address leases beginning IP address leases end Username to connect to L2TP (this) server Password to connect to L2TP server Client configuration is even simpler, which requires only Servers IP, Username and Password. 92 8.5 Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is a domain name service allowing to link dynamic IP addresses to static hostname. To start using this feature firstly you should register to DDNS service provider (example list is given in description). You are provided with add/delete buttons to manage and use different DDNS configurations at the same time! You can configure many different DDNS Hostnames in the main DDNS Configuration section. To edit your selected configuration, hit Edit. Field name Value Explanation 93 1. 2. 3. Enable Status Service Enable/Disable 4. 5. 6. 7. Hostname Username Password IP Source yourhost.example.org your_username your_password Public Private Custom 8. 9. Network IP renew interval (min) 10. Force IP renew 1. dydns.org 2. 3322.org 3. no-ip.com 4. easydns.com 5. zoneedit.com WAN 10 (minutes) 472 (minutes) Enables current DDNS configuration. Timestamp of the last IP check or update. Your dynamic DNS service provider selected from the list. In case your DDNS provider is not present from the ones provided, please feel free to use "custom" and add hostname of the update URL. Domain name which will be linked with dynamic IP address. Name of the user account. Password of the user account. This option allows you to select specific RUT interface, and then send the IP address of that interface to DDNS server. So if, for example, your RUT has Private IP (i.e. 10.140.56.57) on its WAN (3G interface), then you can send this exact IP to DDNS server by selecting "Private", or by selecting "Custom" and "WAN" interface. The DDNS server will then resolve hostname queries to this specific IP. Source network Time interval (in minutes) to check if the IP address of the device have changed. Time interval (in minutes) to force IP address renew. 94 8.6 SMS Utilities RUT240 has extensive amount of various SMS Utilities. These are subdivided into 6 sections: SMS Utilities, Call Utilities, User Groups, SMS Management, Remote Configuration and Statistics. 8.6.1 SMS Utilities All configuration options are listed below: Reboot Get status Get OpenVPN status Switch WiFi on/off Switch mobile data on/off Switch OpenVPN on/off Change mobile data settings Get list of profiles Change profile Manage OpenVPN SSH access control Web access control Restore to default Force SIM switch FW upgrade from server Config update from server Switch monitoring on/off Get Monitoring status UCI parameters You can choose your SMS Keyword (text to be sent) and authorized phone number in the main menu. You can edit each created rule by hitting Edit button. 95 1. Field name Reboot Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users Get status via SMS after reboot Message text 2. Get status Enable Action Explanation Notes This check box will enable and disable SMS reboot function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will reboot router. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Check this to recieve connection status via SMS after a reboot. Allows router restart via SMS. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. If you select this box, router will send status once it has rebooted and is operational again. This is both separate SMS Rule and an option under SMS Reboot rule. You can select which status elements to display. Which status information should be included in SMS: Data state, Operator, Connection type, Signal Strength, Connection State, IP Check this to receive connection status via SMS. Allows to get router‘s status via SMS. This is both separate SMS Rule and an option under SMS Reboot rule. The action to be performed 96 Enable SMS Status SMS text Authorization method Allowed users Message text 3. Get OpenVPN status Enable Action SMS text Authorization method 4. Allowed users Switch WiFi On/Off Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users Write to config 5. Switch mobile data on/off Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users Write to config when this rule is met. This check box will enable and disable SMS status function. SMS text which will send routers status. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Which status information should be included in SMS: Data state, Operator, Connection type, Signal Strength, Connection State, IP SMS status is disabled by default. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. You can select which status elements to display. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will send OpenVPN status. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Allows to get OpenVPN‘s status via SMS. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will turn Wi-Fi ON/OFF. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Permanently saves Wi-Fi state. Allows Wi-Fi control via SMS. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will turn mobile data ON/OFF. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Permanently saves mobile network state. Allows mobile control via SMS. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. Turn WiFi ON or OFF. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. With this setting enabled, router will keep Wi-Fi state even after reboot. If it is not selected, router will revert Wi-Fi state after reboot. 97 Turn mobile ON or OFF. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. With this setting enabled, router will keep mobile state even after reboot. If it is not selected, router will revert mobile state after reboot. 6. Manage OpenVPN Enable Action SMS text Authorization method 7. Allowed users Change mobile data settings Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. Keyword which will turn OpenVPN ON/OFF. Allows OpenVPN control via SMS. Turn OpenVPN ON or OFF. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. After Keyword you have to write OpenVPN name. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. Key word that will precede actual configuration parameters. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Allows to change mobile settings via SMS. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. Mobile Settings via SMS parameters: Value(s) Explanation e.g. internet.gprs Sets APN. i.e: apn=internet.gprs e.g. *99***1# Sets dial number none Sets authentication mode pap chap 4. service= Auto You can add as many phone numbers as you need. 3gonly Dropdown list with additional rows will show up if you 2gonly click on “add” icon at the end of phone number row. 5. username= user Used only if PAP or CHAP authorization is selected 6. password= user Used only if PAP or CHAP authorization is selected All Mobile settings can be changed in one SMS. Between eachpair a space symbol is necessary. 1. 2. 3. Parameter apn= dialnumber= auth_mode= Example: cellular apn=internet.gprs dialnumber=*99***1#auth_mode=pap service=3gonly username=user password=user 98 Important Notes: 8. 3G settings must be configured correctly. If SIM card has PIN number you must enter it at “Network” > “3G” settings. Otherwise SMS reboot function will not work. Sender phone number must contain country code. You can check sender phone number format by reading the details of old SMS text massages you receiving usually. Field name Get list of profiles Enable Action SMS text Authorization method 9. Allowed users Change profile Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users 10. SSH access Control Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users Enable SSH access Enable remote SSH access 11. Web access Control Enable Action Explanation Notes This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will send list of profiles. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Allows to get list of profiles via SMS. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. Keyword which will change active profile. Allows profile change via SMS. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. After Keyword you have to write profile name. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will turn SSH access ON/OFF. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Enable this to reach router via SSH from LAN (Local Area Network). Enable this to reach router via SSH from WAN (Wide Area Network). Allows SSH access control via SMS. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. Allows Web access control via SMS. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. If this box is selected, SMS will enable SSH access from LAN. If this box is not selected, SMS will disable SSH access from LAN. If this box is selected, SMS will enable SSH access from WAN. If this box is not selected, SMS will disable SSH access from WAN. 99 SMS text Authorization method Allowed users Enable HTTP access Enable remote HTTP access Enable remote HTTPS access 12. Restore to default Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users 13. Force switch SIM Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users Sender phone number 14. Force FW upgrade from server Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users SMS text which will turn Web access ON/OFF. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Enable this to reach router via HTTP from LAN (Local Area Network). Enable this to reach router via HTTP from WAN (Wide Area Network). Enable this to reach router via HTTPS from WAN (Wide Area Network). SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. If this box is selected, SMS will enable HTTP access from LAN. If this box is not selected, SMS will disable HTTP access from LAN. If this box is selected, SMS will enable HTTP access from WAN. If this box is not selected, SMS will disable HTTP access from WAN. If this box is selected, SMS will enable HTTPS access from WAN. If this box is not selected, SMS will disable HTTPS access from WAN. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will turn Wi-Fi ON/OFF. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Allows to restore router to default settings via SMS. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will change active SIM card to another one. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Phone number of person who can receive router status via SMS message. Allows SIM switch via SMS. Router will reboot after this rule is executed. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. You can add as many phone numbers as you need. Dropdown list with additional rows will show up if you click on “add” icon at the end of phone number row. This check box will enable and Allows to upgrade router‘s FW via SMS. disable this function. The action to be performed Router will reboot after this rule is executed. when this rule is met. SMS text which will force router SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and to upgrade firmware from special symbols. Capital letters also matters. server. What kind of authorization to No authorization, by serial or by router admin use for SIM management. password. Whitelist of allow users From all numbers, from group or from single number. 100 15. Force Config update from server Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users 16. Switch monitoring on/off Enable Action SMS text Authorization method Allowed users 17. Monitoring status Enable Action SMS text Authorization method This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will force router to upgrade configuration from server. What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Allows to upgrade router‘s Config via SMS. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will turn monitoring ON/OFF What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Whitelist of allow users Allows monitoring control via SMS. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will turn monitoring ON/OFF What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Allows monitoring control via SMS. This check box will enable and disable this function. The action to be performed when this rule is met. SMS text which will turn monitoring ON/OFF What kind of authorization to use for SIM management. Allows monitoring control via SMS. Router will reboot after this rule is executed. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. No authorization, by serial or by router admin password. From all numbers, from group or from single number. Turn monitoring ON or OFF. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. By serial or by router admin password. From all uers, from group or from single number. Get monitoring status SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. By serial or by router admin password. 18. UCI API Enable Action SMS text Authorization method UCI lets you set or get any parameter from router's configuration files. SMS text can contain letters, numbers, spaces and special symbols. Capital letters also matters. By serial or by router admin password. 101 UCI via SMS parameters: UCI lets you set or get any parameter from router's configuration files. Following are syntax examples: 1. 2. 3. 4. Parameter uci get config.section.option" uci set config.section.option=value" uci show config uci show config.section Explanation Get config option value. Set config option Shows the config file. Shows the exact part of config file (Eg. uci show network.ppp.apn" ) 102 8.6.2 Call Utilities Allow users to call to the router in order to perform one of the actions: Reboot, Get Status, turn Wi-Fi ON/OFF, turn Mobile data ON/OFF. Only thing that is needed is to call routers SIM card number from allowed phone (user) and RUT900 will perform all actions that are assigned for this particular number. To configure new action on call rules you just need to click the Add button in the „New Call rule” section. After that, you get in to the “Modify Call Rule section”. 1. 2. Field name Enable Action Sample Enable/Disable Reboot 3. Allowed users From all numbers 4. Get status via SMS after reboot Enable/Disable Explanation Enables the rule Action to be taken after receiving a call, you can choose from following actions: Reboot, Send status, Switch Wi-Fi, Switch mobile data. Allows to limit action triggering from all users, to user groups or single user numbers Enables automatic message sending with router status information after reboot 8.6.2.1 Incoming Calls 1. Field name Reject unrecognized incoming calls Sample Enable/Disable Explanation If a call is made from number that is not in the active rule list, it can be rejected with this option 103 8.6.3 User Groups Give possibility to group phone numbers for SMS management purposes. You can then later use these groups in all related SMS functionalities. This option helps if there are several Users who should have same roles when managing router via SMS. You can create new user group by entering group name and clicking on Add button in “Create New User Group” section. After that you get to “Modify User Group” section. 1. 2. Field name Group name Phone number Sample Group1 +37061111111 Explanation Name of grouped phone numbers Number to add to users group, must match international format. You can add phone numbers fields by clicking on the green + symbol 104 8.6.4 SMS Management 8.6.4.1 Read SMS In SMS Management page Read SMS you can read and delete received/stored SMS. 8.6.4.2 Send SMS 1. Field name Phone number Sample +3701111111 2. Message My text. Explanation Recipients phone number. Should be preceded with country code, i.e. “+370” Message text, special characters are allowed. 105 8.6.4.3 Storage With storage option you can choose for router NOT to delete SMS from SIM card. If this option is not used, router will automatically delete all incoming messages after they have been read. Message status “read/unread” is examined every 60 seconds. All “read” messages are deleted. 1. 2. Field name Save messages on SIM SIM card memory 3. Leave free space Sample Enabled / Disabled Used: 0 Available: 50 Explanation Enables received message storing on SIM card Information about used/available SIM card memory How much memory (number of message should be left free 106 8.6.5 Remote Configuration RUT240 can be configured via SMS from another RUT240. You only have to select which configuration details to send, generate the SMS Text, type in the phone number and Serial number of the router that you wish to configure and Send the SMS. Total count of SMS is managed automatically. You should be aware of possible number of SMS and use this feature at your own responsibility. It should not, generally, be used if you have high cost per SMS. This is especially relevant if you will try to send whole OpenVPN configuration, which might accumulate ~40 SMS. 8.6.5.1 Receive configuration This section controls how configuration initiation party should identify itself. In this scenario RUT240 itself is being configured. Field name 1. 1. 2. Values Enabled / Disabled Enable Notes Enables router to receive configuration No authorization / Describes what kind of authorization to use for SMS By serial management. Method at Receiving and Sending ends By administration password must match Allowed users From all numbers Gives greater control and security measures From group From single number Note, that for safety reasons Authorization method should be configured before deployment of the router. Authorization method 8.6.5.2 Send configuration This section lets you configure remote RUT240 devices. The authorization settings must confirm to those that are set on the receiving party. 107 Field name 1. Generate SMS Values New/From current configuration Notes Generate new SMS settings or use current device configuration Interface type used for WAN (Wide Area Network) connection Include configuration for WAN (Wide Area Network) Include configuration for LAN (Local Area Network) Network protocol used for network configuration parameters management IP address that router will use to connect to the internet That will be used to define how large the WAN (Wide Area Network) network is The address where traffic destined for the internet is routed to A logical address at which all devices connected to a multiple-access communications network are enabled to receive datagrams. 2. Interface Mobile/Wired 3. 4. 6. WAN LAN Protocol Enable/Disable Enable/Disable Static/DHCP 7. IP address “217.147.40.44” 8. IP netmask “255.255.255.0” 11. IP gateway “217.147.40.44” 12. IP broadcast “217.147.40.255” 108 13. Primary SIM card 14. Mobile connection 15. APN SIM1/SIM2 Use pppd mode Use ndis mode “internet.mnc012.mcc345.gprs” 16. Dialing number “+37060000001” 17. Authentication method CHAP/PAP/None 18. User name “admin” 19. Password “password” 20. Service mode 21. IP address Auto 4G only 3G only 2G only “192.168.1.1” 22. IP netmask “255.255.255.0” 23. IP broadcast “192.168.1.255” Field name 1. 2. 3. Message text field Phone number Authorization method A SIM card that will be used as primary An underlying agent that will be used for mobile data connection creation and management (APN) is the name of a gateway between a GPRS or 3G mobile networks and another computer network, frequently the public Internet. A phone number that will be used to establish a mobile PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) connection Select an authentication method that will be used to authenticate new connections on your GSM carrier's network User name used for authentication on your GSM carrier's network Password used for authentication on your GSM carrier's network You can add as many phone numbers as you need. Dropdown list with additional rows will show up if you click on “add” icon at the end of phone number row. IP address that router will use on LAN (Local Area Network) network A subnet mask that will be used to define how large the LAN (Local Area Network) network is A logical address at which all devices connected to a multiple-access communications network are enabled to receive datagrams Values Generated configuration message Notes Here you can review and modify configuration message text to be sent “+37060000001” A phone number of router which will receive the configuration No authorization By serial By router admin password What kind of authorization to use for remote configuration 109 8.6.6 Statistics In statistics page you can review how much SMS was sent and received on both SIM card slots. You can also reset the counters. 110 8.7 SNMP SNMP settings window allows you to remotely monitor and send GSM event information to the server. 8.7.1 SNMP Settings Field name 1. Enable SNMP service 2. Enable remote access 3. Port 4. Community 5. Community name 6. Location 7. Contact 8. Name Variables/OID 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Sample Enable/Disable Explanation Run SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) service on system's start up Enable/Disable Open port in firewall so that SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) service may be reached from WAN 161 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) service's port Public/Private/Custom The SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) Community is an ID that allows access to a router's SNMP data custom Set custom name to access SNMP Location Trap named sysLocation email@example.com Trap named sysContact Name Trap named sysName OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.2 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.3 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.4 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.5 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.6 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.7 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.8 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.9 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.10 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.11 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.12 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.13 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.14 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.15 1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.16 Description Modem IMEI Modem model Modem manufacturer Modem revision Modem serial number SIM status Pin status IMSI Mobile network registration status Signal level Operator currently in use Operator number (MCC+MNC) Data session connection state Data session connection type Signal strength trap Connection type trap 111 8.7.2 TRAP Settings 1. Field name SNMP Trap Sample Enable/Disable 2. Host/IP 192.168.99.155 3. 4. Port Community 162 Public/Private Explanation Enable SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) trap functionality Host to transfer SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) traffic to Port for trap's host The SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) Community is an ID that allows access to a router's SNMP data 112 8.8 SMS Gateway 8.8.1 Post/Get Configuration Post/Get Configuration allows you to perform actions by writing these requests URL after your device IP address. Field name 1. 2. Enable User name Values Enabled / Disabled Notes Enable SMS management POST/GET admin User name used for authorization functionality through 3. Password ******* Password used for authorization (default- admin01) Do not forget to change parameters in the url according to your POST/GET Configuration! 8.8.1.1 SMS by HTTP POST/GET It is possible to read and send SMS by using valid HTTP POST/GET syntax. Use web browser or any other compatible software to submit HTTP POST/GET string to router. Router must be connected to GSM network when using “SMS send” feature. Action 1. View mobile messages list 2. Read mobile message 3. Send mobile messages 4. View mobile messages total 5. Delete mobile message POST/GET url e.g. /cgi-bin/sms_list?username=admin&password=admin01 /cgi-bin/sms_read?username=admin&password=admin01&number=1 /cgi-bin/sms_send?username=admin&password=admin01&number=0037060000001&text=testmessage /cgi-bin/sms_total?username=admin&password=admin01 /cgi-bin/sms_delete?username=admin&password=admin01&number=1 113 8.8.1.2 Syntax of HTTP POST/GET string HTTP POST/GET string http://{IP_ADD RESS} /cgi-bin/sms_read? username={your_user_name}&password={your_password}&number={MESSAGE_INDEX} /cgi-bin/sms_send? username={your_user_name}&password={your_password}&number={PHONE_NUMBER} &text={MESSAGE_TEXT} /cgi-bin/sms_delete? username={your_user_name}&password={your_password}&number={MESSAGE_INDEX} /cgi-bin/ sms_list? username={your_user_name}&password={your_password} Explanati on Read message Send message Delete message List all message /cgi-bin/sms_ total? username={your_user_name}&password={your_password} Number of message s in memory Note: parameters of HTTP POST/GET string are in capital letters inside curly brackets. Curly brackets (“{ }”) are not needed when submitting HTTP POST/GET string. 8.8.1.3 Parameters of HTTP POST/GET string 1. 2. 3. 4. Parameter IP_ADDRESS MESSAGE_INDEX PHONE_NUMBER Explanation IP address of your router SMS index in memory Phone number of the message receiver. Note: Phone number must contain country code. Phone number format is: 00{COUNTRY_CODE} {RECEIVER_NUMBER}. E.g.: 0037062312345 (370 is country code and 62312345 is receiver phone number) MESSAGE_TEXT Text of SMS. Note: Maximum number of characters per SMS is 160. You cannot send longer messages. It is suggested to use alphanumeric characters only. After every executed command router will respond with return status. 8.8.1.4 Possible responses after command execution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Response OK ERROR TIMEOUT WRONG_NUMBER NO MESSAGE NO MESSAGES Explanation Command executed successfully An error occurred while executing command No response from the module received SMS receiver number format is incorrect or SMS index number is incorrect There is no message in memory by given index There are no stored messages in memory 8.8.1.5 HTTP POST/GET string examples http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/sms_read?username=admin&password=admin01&number=2 http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/sms_send?username=admin&password=admin01&number=0037060000001&text=message http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/sms_delete?username=admin&password=admin01&number=4 http://192.168.1.1 /cgi-bin/sms_list?username=admin&password=admin01 114 http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/sms_total?username=admin&password=admin01 8.8.2 Scheduled Messages Scheduled messages allow to periodically sending mobile messages to specified number. 8.8.2.1 Scheduled Messages Configuration Field name 1. 2. 3. 4. Enable Recipient’s phone number Message text Message sending interval Values Enable/Disable Notes Activates periodical messages sending. “+37060000001” Phone number that will receive messages. “Test” Day/Week/Month/Year Message that will be send. Message sending period. 8.8.3 Auto Reply Configuration Auto reply allows replying to every message that router receives to everyone or to listed numbers only. Field name 1. 2. 3. Enable Don’t save received message Mode Values Enable/Disable Notes Enable auto reply to every received mobile message. Enable/Disable If enabled, received messages are not going to be saved Specifies from which senders received messages are Everyone / 115 4. Message Listed numbers “Text” going to be replied. Message text that will be sent in reply. Values Enable/Disable Explanation Enables SMPP server admin ●●●●●●● 7777 User name for authentication on SMPP server Password for authentication on SMPP server A port will be used for SMPP server communications. Allowed all not used ports [0-65535] 8.8.4 SMPP Field name 1. 2. 3. 4. Enable User name Password Server port 116 8.9 Hotspot Wireless hotspot provides essential functionality for managing an open access wireless network. In addition to standard RADIUS server authentication there is also the ability to gather and upload detailed logs on what each device (denoted as a MAC address) was doing on the network (what sites were traversed, etc.). 8.9.1 General settings 8.9.1.1 Main settings 1. 2. Field name Enabled AP IP Explanation Check this flag to enable hotspot functionality on the router. Access Point IP address. This will be the address of the router on the hotspot network. The router will automatically create a network according to its own IP and the CIDR number that you specify after the slash. E.g. “192.168.2.254/24” means that the router will create a network with the IP address 192.168.182.0, netmask 255.255.255.0 for the express purpose of containing all the wireless clients. Such a network will be able to have 253 clients (their IP addresses will be automatically granted to them and will range from 192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.253). Authentication mode: External radius 117 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1. 2. 3. Radius server #1 The IP address of the RADIUS server that is to be used for Authenticating your wireless clients. Radius server #2 The IP address of the second RADIUS server. Authentication port RADIUS server authentication port. Accounting port RADIUS server accounting port. Radius secret key The secret key is used for authentication with the RADIUS server UAM port Port to bind for authenticating clients UAM UI port UAM UI port UAM secret Shared secret between UAM server an hotspot NAS Identifier NAS Identifier Swap octets Swap the meaning of input octets and output as it related to RADIUS attributes Location name The name of location Authentication mode: Internal radius/Without radius External landing Enables the use of external landing page. page Landing page The address of external landing page address HTTPS redirect Redirects HTTP pages to landing page. Authentication mode: SMS OTP 8.9.1.2 List Of Addresses The Client Can Access Without First Authenticating Field name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Logout address Enable Address Port Allow subdomains Explanation IP address to instantly logout a client addressing it Enable address accessing without first authenticating Domain name, IP address or network segment Port number Enable/Disable subdomains 118 8.9.2 Internet Access Restriction Settings Allows disable internet access on specified day and hour of every week. 8.9.3 Logging 8.9.3.1 Configuration 1. Field name Enable 2. 3. 4. 5. Server address Username Password Port Explanation Check this box if you want to enable wireless traffic logging. This feature will produce logs which contain data on what websites each client was visiting during the time he was connected to your hotspot. The IP address of the FTP server to which you want the logs uploaded. The username of the user on the aforementioned FTP server. The password of the user. The TCP/IP Port of the FTP server. 119 1. Field name Mode 2. Interval 3. 4. Days Hours, Minutes Explanation The mode of the schedule. Use “Fixed” if you want the uploading to be done on a specific time of the day. Use “Interval” if you want the uploading to be done at fixed interval. Shows up only when “Mode” is set to Interval. Specifies the interval of regular uploads on one specific day. E.g. If you choose 4 hours, the uploading will be done on midnight, 4:00, 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00. Uploading will be performed on these days only Shows up only when “Mode” is set to Fixed. Uploading will be done on that specific time of the day. E.g. If you want to upload your logs on 6:48 you will have to simply enter hours: 6 and minutes: 48. 8.9.3.2 Log 120 8.9.4 Landing Page 8.9.4.1 General Landing Page Settings With this functionality you can customize your Hotspot Landing page. 1. 2. 3. 4. Field name Page title Theme Upload login page Login page file Explanation Will be seen as landing page title Landing page theme selection Allows to upload custom landing page theme Allows to download and save your landing page file In the sections – “Terms Of Services”, “Background Configuration”, “Logo Image Configuration”, “Link Configuration”, “Text Configuration” you can customize various parameters of landing page components. 121 8.9.4.2 Template In this page you can review landing page template HTML code and modify it. 8.9.5 Radius server configuration An authentication and accounting system used by many Internet Service Providers (ISPs). When you dial in to the ISP you must enter your username and password. This information is passed to a RADIUS server, which checks that the information is correct, and then authorizes access to the ISP system. 122 1. 2. 3. 4. Field name Enable Remote access Accounting port Authentication port Explanation Activates an authentication and accounting system Activates remote access to radius server Port on which to listen for accounting Port on which to listen for authentication 8.9.6 Statistics On hotspot statistics page you can review statistical information about hotspot instances. 123 8.10 CLI CLI or Comand Line Interface functionality allows you to enter and execute comands into routers terminal. 124 8.11 Auto Reboot 8.11.1 Ping Reboot Ping Reboot function will periodically send Ping command to server and waits for echo receive. If no echo is received router will try again sending Ping command defined number times, after defined time interval. If no echo is received after the defined number of unsuccessful retries, router will reboot. It is possible to turn of the router rebooting after defined unsuccessful retries. Therefore this feature can be used as “Keep Alive” function, when router Pings the host unlimited number of times. Possible actions if no echo is received: Reboot, Modem restart, Restart mobile connection, (Re) register, None. 2. Action if no echo is received Explanation This check box will enable or disable Ping reboot feature. Action after the defined number of unsuccessful retries 3. Interval between pings Time interval in minutes between two Pings. 4. 5. Ping timeout (sec) Packet size Time after which consider that Ping has failed. This box allows to modify sent packet size 6. Retry count Number of times to try sending Ping to server after time interval if echo receive was unsuccessful. 8. 7. Interface Host to ping from SIM 1 8. Host to ping from SIM 2 Interface used for connection IP address or domain name which will be used to send ping packets to. E.g. 127.0.0.1 (or www.host.com if DNS server is configured correctly) IP address or domain name which will be used to send ping packets to. E.g. 127.0.0.1 (or www.host.com if DNS server is configured correctly) 1. Field name Enable 125 Notes Ping Reboot is disabled by default. No echo reply for sent ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) packet received Minimum time interval is 5 minutes. Range(1-9999) Should be left default, unless necessary otherwise Minimum retry number is 1. Second retry will be done after defined time interval. Ping packets will be sending from SIM1. Ping packets will be sending from SIM2. 8.11.2 Periodic Reboot 1. 2. 3. Field name Enable Days Hours, Minutes Explanation This check box will enable or disable Periodic reboot feature. This check box will enable router rebooting at the defined days. Uploading will be done on that specific time of the day 126 8.12 Input/Output 8.12.1 Main information Digital OUT: open collector type values, 30V@0.3A. Digital IN: non-isolated, Logic low 0...+5V, Logic high +8...+40V 8.12.2 Status In this page you can review the current state of router’s input and output. Field name 1. Digital Input name 2. Input shorted state 3. Input open state Explanation Digital Input label Input shorted state label Input open state label 127 Field name 1. Digital Isolated Input name 2. High logic level state 3. Low logic level state Explanation Digital Isolated Input name label High logic level state label Low logic level state label 128 8.12.3 Input Allows you to set up input parameters and specify what actions should be taken after triggering event of input. In check analog section you can change the analog input checking interval. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Field name Type Trigger Action Enable SMS text Recipient’s phone numeber Sample Digital Input open/input shorted/both Send SMS/Send Email/Change profile/turn WiFi ON or OFF/Reboot/Activate output Enable/Disable Text Phone number Explanation Specifies input type Specifies for which trigger rule is applied Specifies what action is done Enable input configuration Enter SMS text Enter recipient’s phone numeber 129 8.12.4 Output 8.12.4.1 Output configuration 1. Field name Open collector output Sample Low level / High level Explanation Choose what open collector output will be in active state 8.12.4.2 ON/OFF 1. Field name Digital OC output Sample Turn on / Turn Off Explanation Manually toggle Digital OC output 8.12.4.3 Post/Get Configuration 130 1. 2. 3. Field name Enable Username Password Sample Enable /Disable User1 Pass1 Explanation Enable POST/GET output functionality Service user name User password for authentication Syntax of Output HTTP POST/GET string With Output post/get you can manage only Output 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. Field name IP_ADDRESS Action Pin Time (sec) Sample 192.168.1.1 On and Off Oc 10 Explanation IP address of your router Specify the action to be taken Specify the output type Time in seconds after which the output state will go back to usual state Output HTTP POST/GET string examples http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/output?username=User1&password=Pass1&action=on&pin=relay http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/output?username=User1&password=Pass1&action=on&pin=relay&time=5 http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/output?username=User1&password=Pass1&action=on&pin=oc http://192.168.1.1/cgi-bin/output?username=User1&password=Pass1&action=off&pin=oc 131 8.12.4.4 Periodic Control Periodic control function allows user to set up schedule by which the outputs are either turned ON or OFF at specific time. After clicking on ADD button (Or Edit, if the rule is already created) you get the second periodic output configuration page with extra parameters to set. 132 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Field name Enable Output Action Action timeout Timeout (sec) Mode Hours Minutes Days Sample Enable/Disable Digital OC output On / Off Enabled / Disabled 10 Fixed / Interval 15 25 Monday Explanation Enable this output rule Specify the output type Specify the action to be taken Enable timeout for this rule Specifies after how much time this action should end. Specify the mode of output activation Specify the hour for rule activation Specify the minute for rule activation Select the week days for rule activation 8.12.4.5 Scheduler This function allows you to set up the periodical, hourly schedule for the outputs. You can select on which week days the outputs are going to be on or off. 133 8.13 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) is the idea that transmission rates, error rates, and other characteristics can be measured, improved, and, to some extent, guaranteed in advance. QoS is of particular concern for the continuous transmission of high-bandwidth video and multimedia information. QoS can be improved with traffic shaping techniques such as packet, network traffic, and port prioritization. Field name 1. Interface 2. Enable 3. Calculate overhead 4. Half-duplex 5. Download speed (kbit/s) 6. Upload speed (kbit/s) Value Explanation WAN/LAN/PPP Enable/Disable Enable/disable settings Enable/Disable Check to decrease upload and download ratio to prevent link saturation Enable/Disable Check to enable data transmission in both direction on a single carrier 1024 Specify maximal download speed 128 Specify maximal upload speed 134 9 System 9.1 Setup Wizard The configuration wizard provides a simple way of quickly configuring the device in order to bring it up to basic functionality. The wizard is comprised out of 4 steps and they are as follows: Step 1 (General change) First, the wizard prompts you to change the default password. Simply enter the same password into both Password and Confirmation fields, select time zone and press Save. Step 2 (Mobile Configuration) Next we have to enter your mobile configuration. On a detailed instruction on how this should be done see the Mobile section under Network 135 Step 3 (LAN) Next, you are given the chance to configure your LAN and DHCP server options. For a detailed explanation see LAN under Network. Step 4 (Wi-Fi) The final step allows you to configure your wireless settings in order to set up a rudimentary Access Point. When you’re done with the configuration wizard, press Save. 9.2 Profiles Router can have 5 configuration profiles, which you can later apply either via WebUI or via SMS. When you add New Profile, you save current full configuration of the router. Note: profile names cannot exceed 10 symbols. 136 9.3 Administration 9.3.1 General 1. 2. 3. Field name Router name Host name New Password Explanation Enter your new router name. Enter your new host name Enter your new administration password. 137 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 10 Confirm new password Language IPv6 support Show mobile info at login page Show WAN IP at login page On/Off LEDs Restore to default Changing this password will change SSH password as well. Re-enter your new administration password. Website will be translated into selected language. Enable IPv6 support on router Show operator and signal strength at login page. Show WAN IP at login page. If uncheck, all routers LEDs are off. Router will be set to factory default settings Important notes: The only way to gain access to the web management if you forget the administrator password is to reset the device factory default settings. Default administrator login settings are: User Name: admin Password: admin01 9.3.2 Troubleshoot 138 7. Field name System log level Save log in Include GSMD information Include PPPD information Include Chat script information Include network topology information System Log 8. Kernel Log 9. Troubleshoot file 10. TCP dump file 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explanation Debug level should always be used, unless instructed otherwise. Default RAM memory should always be used unless instructed otherwise. Default setting – enabled should be used, unless instructed otherwise. Default setting – disabled should be used, unless instructed otherwise. Default setting – enabled should be used, unless instructed otherwise. Default setting – disabled should be used, unless instructed otherwise. Provides on-screen System logging information. It does not, however, substitute troubleshooting file that can be downloaded from System -> Backup and Firmware menu. Provides on-screen Kernel logging information. It does not, however, substitute troubleshooting file that can be downloaded from System -> Backup and Firmware menu. Downloadable archive, that contains full router configuration and all System log files. Downloadable archive, that contains TCP dump information from configured values. 9.3.3 Backup 1. Field name Backup archive 2. Restore from backup Explanation Download current router settings file to personal computer. This file can be loaded to other RUT230 with same Firmware version in order to quickly configure it. Select, upload and restore router settings file from personal computer. 139 9.3.3.1 Access control 9.3.3.1.1 General Field name 1. Enable SSH access 2. Remote SSH access 3. Port 4. Enable HTTP access 5. Enable remote HTTP access 6. Port 7. Enable remote HTTPS access 8. Port 9. Enable JSON RPC 10. Enable CLI 11. Enable remote CLI 12. Port Explanation Check box to enable SSH access. Check box to enable remote SSH access. Port to be used for SSH connection Enables HTTP access to router Enables remote HTTP access to router Port to be used for HTTP communication Enables remote HTTPS access to router Port to be used for HTTPS communication Enables JSON RPC communication Enables Command Line Interface Enables remote Command Line Interface Port to be used for CLI communication Note: The router has 2 users: “admin” for WebUI and “root” for SSH. When logging in via SSH use “root”. 140 9.3.3.1.2 Safety 1. 2. 3. 4. Field name SSH access secure enable Clean after reboot Fail count WebUI access secure enable Explanation Check box to enable SSH access secure functionality. If check box is selected – blocked addresses are removed after every reboot. Specifies maximum connection attempts count before access blocking. Check box to enable secure WebUI access. 9.3.4 Diagnostics 141 1. 2. Field name Host Ping 3. Traceroute 4. Nslookup Explanation Enter server IP address or hostname. Utility used to test the reach ability of a host on an Internet IP network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination server. Server echo response will be shown after few seconds if server is accessible. Diagnostics tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet IP network. Log containing route information will be shown after few seconds. Network administration command-line tool for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or for any other specific DNS record. Log containing specified server DNS lookup information will be shown after few seconds. 9.3.5 MAC Clone 1. Field name WAN MAC address Explanation Enter new WAN MAC address. 9.3.6 Overview Select which information you want to get in Overview window (Status -> Overview). 142 Field name 1. Mobile 2. SMS counter 3. System 4. Wireless 5. WAN 6. Local network 7. Access control 8. Recent system events 9. Recent network events 10. VRRP 11. Monitoring Explanation Check box to show Mobile table in Overview page Check box to show SMS counter table in Overview page Check box to show System table in Overview page Check box to show Wireless table in Overview page Check box to show WAN table in Overview page Check box to show Local network table in Overview page Check box to show Access control table in Overview page Check box to show Recent system events table in Overview page Check box to show Recent network events table in Overview page Check box to show VRRP table in Overview page Check box to show Monitoring table in Overview page 9.3.7 Monitoring Monitoring functionality allows your router to be connected to Remote Monitoring System. Also MAC address and router serial numbers are displayed for convenience in this page, because they are needed when adding device to monitoring system. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Field name Enable remote monitoring Hostname Port Monitoring Connection state Router LAN MAC address Router serial number Explanation Check box to enable/disable remote monitoring The name of the host Port numver Shows monitoring status. Shows if router is connected to monitoring system MAC address of the Ethernet LAN ports Serial number of the device 143 9.4 User scripts Advanced users can insert their own commands that will be executed at the end of booting process. In Script Management window is shown content of a file /etc/rc.local. This file is executed at the end of startup, executing the line: sh /etc/rc.local In this script is needed to use sh (ash) commands. It should be noted, that this is embedded device and sh functionality is not full. 9.5 Firmware 9.5.1 Firmware 144 Keep mobile settings – if the check box is selected router will keep saved user mobile configuration settings after firmware upgrade. FW image – router firmware upgrade file. Warning: Never remove router power supply and do not press reset button during upgrade process! This would seriously damage your router and make it inaccessible. If you have any problems related to firmware upgrade you should always consult with local dealer. 9.5.2 FOTA 1. Field name Server address Explanation Specify server address to check for firmware updates. E.g. 145 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. User name Password Enable auto check Auto check mode WAN wired “http://teltonika.sritis.lt/rut9xx_auto_update/clients/” User name for server authorization. Password name for server authorization. Check box to enable automatic checking for new firmware updates. Select when to perform auto check function. Allows to update firmware from server only if routers WAN is wired (if box is checked). 9.6 Reboot Reboot router by pressing button “Reboot”. 10 Device Recovery The following section describes available options for recovery of malfunctioning device. Usually device can become unreachable due to power failure during firmware upgrade or if its core files were wrongly modified in the file system. Teltonika’s routers offer several options for recovering from these situations. 10.1 Reset button Reset button is located on the back panel of the device. Reset button has several functions: Reboot the device. After the device has started and if the reset button is pressed for up to 4 seconds the device will reboot. Start of the reboot will be indicated by flashing of all 5 signal strength LEDs together with green connection status LED. Reset to defaults. After the device has started if the reset button is pressed for at least 5 seconds the device will reset all user changes to factory defaults and reboot. To help user to determine how long the reset button should be pressed, signal strength LEDs indicates the elapsed time. All 5 lit LEDs means that 5 seconds have passed and reset button can be released. Start of the reset to defaults will be indicated by flashing of all 5 signal strength LEDs together with red connection status LED. SIM PIN on the main SIM card is the only user parameter that is kept after reset to defaults. 10.2 Bootloader’s WebUI Bootloader also provides a way to recover the router functionality when the firmware is damaged. To make it easier to use bootloader has its own webserver that can be accessed with any web browser. Procedure for starting bootloader’s webserver: 146 Automatically. It happens when bootloader does not detect master firmware. Flashing all 4 Ethernet LEDs indicate that bootloader’s webserver has started. Manually. Bootloader’s webserver can be requested by holding reset button for 3 seconds while powering the device on. Flashing all 4 Ethernet LEDs indicates that bootloader’s webserver has started. Bootloader’s WebUI can be accessed by typing this address in the web browser: 192.168.1.1/index.html Note: it may be necessary to clear web browser’s cache and to use incognito/anonymous window to access bootloader’s WebUI. 11 Glossary WAN – Wide Area Network is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). Here we use the term WAN to mean the external network that the router uses to reach the internet. LAN – A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building. DHCP – The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network configuration protocol for hosts on Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Computers that are connected to IP networks must be configured before they can communicate with other hosts. The most essential information needed is an IP address, and a default route and routing prefix. DHCP eliminates the manual task by a network administrator. It also provides a central database of devices that are connected to the network and eliminates duplicate resource assignments. ETHERNET CABLE – Refers to the CAT5 UTP cable with an RJ-45 connector. AP – Access point. An access point is any device that provides wireless connectivity for wireless clients. In this case, when you enable Wi-Fi on your router, your router becomes an access point. DNS – Domain Name System. A server that translates names such as to their respective IPs. In order for your computer or router to communicate with some external server it needs to know it’s IP, its name “” just won’t do. There are special servers set in place that perform this specific task of resolving names into IPs, called Domain Name servers. If you have no DNS specified you can still browse the web, provided that you know the IP of the website you are trying to reach. 147 ARP – Short for Adress Resolution Protocol a used to convert an into a physical address (called a ), such as an address. PPPoE – Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE is a specification for connecting the users on an Ethernet to the internet through a common broadband medium, such as DSL line, wireless device or cable modem. DSL – digital subscriber line - it is a family of technologies that provide internet access by transmitting digital data using a local telephone network which uses the public switched telephone network. NAT – network address translation – an internet standard that enables a local-area network (LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for internet traffic and a second set of addresses for external traffic. LCP – Link Control Protocol – a protocol that is part of the PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). The LCP checks the identity of the linked device and either accepts or rejects the peer device, determines the acceptable packet size for transmission, searches for errors in configuration and can terminate the link if the parameters are not satisfied. BOOTP – Bootstrap Protocol – an internet protocol that enables a diskless workstation to discover its own IP address, the IP address of a BOOTP server on the network, and a file to be loaded into memory to boot the machine. This enables the workstation to boot without requiring a hard or floppy disk drive. TCP – Transmission Control Protocol – one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks. Whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets, TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent. TKIP – Temporal Key Integrity Protocol – scrambles the keys using hashing algorithm and, by adding an integritychecking feature, ensure that the keys haven’t been tampered with. CCMP – Counter Mode Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol – encryption protocol designed for Wireless LAN products that implement the standards of the IEEE 802.11i amendment to the original IEEE802.11 standard. CCMP is an enchanted data cryptographic encapsulation designed for data confidentiality and based upon the Counter Mode with CBC-MAC (CCM) of the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) standard. MAC – Media Access Control. Hardware address which uniquely identifies each node of the network. In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DCL) layer of the PSO Reference Model is divided into two sub-layers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and the Media Access Control layer. The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. Consequently, each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer. DMZ – Demilitarized Zone – a computer or small subnetwork that sits between a trusted internal network, such as a corporate private LAN, and an untrusted external network, such as the public internet. UDP – User Datagram Protocol – a connectionless protocol that, like TCP, runs on top of IP networks. Provides very few error recovery services, offering instead a direct way to send and receive datagrams over IP network. VPN – Virtual Private Network – a network that is constructed by using public wires — usually the Internet — to connect to a private network, such as a company's internal network. VRRP – Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - an election protocol that dynamically assigns responsibility for one or more virtual router(s) to the VRRP router(s) on a LAN, allow several routers on a multiaccess link to utilize the same virtual IP address. 148 GRE Tunnel – Generic Routing Encapsulation - a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco Systems that can encapsulate a wide variety of network layerprotocols inside virtual point-to-point links over an Internet Protocol internetwork. PPPD – Point to Point Protocol Daemon – it is used to manage network connections between two nodes on Unixlikeoperating systems. It is configured using command-line arguments and configuration files. SSH – Secure Shell - a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels. VRRPD – Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol – it is designed to eliminate the single point of failure associated with statically routed networks by automatically providing failover using multiple LAN paths through alternate routers. SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol - a set of protocols for managing complex networks. SNMP works by sending messages, called protocol data units (PDUs), to different parts of a network. 12 FCC Regulations FCC ID: 2AET4RUT240A This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Caution: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help. FCC RF Exposure Information This device complies with the relevant RF radiation exposure limit set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device must be installed and operated with the minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and your body. This device must be not co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 149 13 IC Regulations IC ID: 23005-RUT240A This device complies with Industry Canada’s license-exempt RSSs. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause interference; and (2) This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Ce dispositif est conforme à la norme CNR-210 d'Industrie Canada applicable aux appareils radio exempts de licence. Son fonctionnement est sujet aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) le dispositif ne doit pas produire de brouillage préjudiciable, et (2) ce dispositif doit accepter tout brouillage reçu, y compris un brouillage susceptible de provoquer un fonctionnement indésirable. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body. Cet émetteur ne doit pas être Co-placé ou ne fonctionnant en même temps qu’aucune autre antenne ou émetteur. Cet équipement devrait être installé et actionné avec une distance minimum de 20 centimètres entre le radiateur et votre corps. 150
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