ADC Telecommunications FSN-809019-2 InterReach Fusion FSN-809019-2 User Manual fusionBOOK

ADC Telecommunications Inc. InterReach Fusion FSN-809019-2 fusionBOOK

Contents

User Manual Part One

D-620610-0-20Rev AInstallation, Operation, and Reference ManualInterReach FusionTM ®
D-620610-0-20Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960Rev ACONFIDENTIAL
D-620610-0-20Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960Rev ACONFIDENTIALThis manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:Address 2540 Junction AvenueSan Jose, California95134-1902 USAAttn: Marketing Dept.Phone 1-408-952-2400Fax 1-408-952-2410Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.come-mail info@lgcwireless.comservice@lgcwireless.comCopyright © 2006 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved.TrademarksAll trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev DLimited WarrantySeller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Seller’s examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract.Licensed OperatorsLGC Wireless’ equipment is designed to operate in the licensed frequency bands of mobile, cellular, and PCS operators. In the USA, the EU, and most countries this equipment may only be used by the licensee, his authorized agents or those with written authorization to do so. Similarly, unauthorized use is illegal, and subjects the owner to the corresponding legal sanctions of the national jurisdiction involved. Ownership of LGC Wireless equipment carries no automatic right of use.
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALTable of ContentsSECTION 1General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.1 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.3 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3SECTION 2InterReach Fusion System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.2 System Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32.3 System OA&M Capabilities Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42.3.1 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52.3.2 Using Alarm Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62.4 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-72.5 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-82.6 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-92.6.1 RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11SECTION 3Fusion Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13.1 Fusion Main Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13.2 Fusion Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43.2.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53.2.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53.2.3 Main Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53.3 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-83.3.1 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-83.3.1.1 9-pin D-sub Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-83.3.1.2 N-type Female Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-93.4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103.5 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
CONFIDENTIAL2InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualD-620610-0-20 Rev A3.5.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113.5.2 View Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12SECTION 4Fusion Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.1 Expansion Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.2 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.2.1 75 Ohm Type F Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44.2.2 Manufacturing RS-232 Serial Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44.2.3 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44.2.4 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54.3 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-74.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-84.5 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9SECTION 5Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15.1 RAU Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15.2 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55.2.1 50 Ohm Type-N Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55.2.2 75 Ohm Type-F Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55.3 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65.4 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-75.5 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7SECTION 6Designing a Fusion Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.2 Downlink RSSI Design Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36.3 Maximum Output Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46.3.1 850 MHz Cellular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56.3.2 800 MHz or 900 MHz SMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-66.3.3 900 MHz EGSM and EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-76.3.4 1800 MHz DCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-86.3.5 1900 MHz PCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-96.3.6 2.1 GHz UMTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-106.4 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116.5 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-146.5.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-156.5.2 RAU Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-166.5.3 Examples of Design Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-216.6 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-256.6.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . . 6-256.6.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-286.6.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 6-306.6.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . 6-33
CONFIDENTIALInterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3D-620610-0-20 Rev A6.6.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) Systems . . 6-366.7 Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-376.8 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-386.8.1 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-386.8.2 RAU Attenuation and ALC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-396.8.2.1 Using the RAU 10 dB Attenuation Setting . . . . . . . . . 6-406.8.2.2 Using the Uplink ALC Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41SECTION 7Installing Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17.1.1 Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27.1.3 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37.2.1 Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37.2.2 General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57.3 Preparing for System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-67.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-67.3.2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-67.3.3 Tools and Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-87.3.4 Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-97.4 Fusion Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-107.4.1 Installing a Fusion Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-117.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-207.4.3 Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-277.4.3.1 Troubleshooting Using RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-307.4.3.2 Installing RAUs in a Multiple Operator System . . . . . 7-317.4.4 Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-317.5 Splicing Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-377.6 Interfacing the Fusion Main Hub to an RF Source . . . . . . . . 7-397.6.1 Connecting a Single Fusion Main Hub to an RF Source . . . 7-397.6.2 Connecting Multiple Fusion Main Hubs to an RF Source . . 7-447.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion System . . . . . . . . . 7-497.7.1 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-507.7.2 Alarm Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-537.7.3 Alarm Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-557.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-577.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-577.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-587.8.2.1 Setting Up Fusion Modem Using AdminBrowser . . . 7-587.8.2.2 Setting Up a PC Modem Using Windows . . . . . . . . . . 7-597.8.3 100 BASE-T Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-677.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-687.8.5 Ethernet LAN Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-70
CONFIDENTIAL4InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualD-620610-0-20 Rev A7.8.6 SNMP Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-71SECTION 8Replacing Fusion Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.1 Replacing an RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.2 Replacing a Fusion Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38.3 Replacing a Fusion Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4SECTION 9Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 9-19.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39.3.1 Troubleshooting Using AdminBrowser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49.3.1.1 Troubleshooting Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49.3.1.2 Fault/Warning/Status Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59.3.2 Troubleshooting Using LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59.4 Troubleshooting CATV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-109.5 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10APPENDIX ACables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1A.1 75 Ohm CATV Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1A.2 Fiber Optical Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-8A.3 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-8A.4 Standard Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9A.5 TCP/IP Cross-over Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10A.6 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11APPENDIX BCompliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1B.1 Fusion System Approval Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1B.2 Human Exposure to RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3APPENDIX CFaults, Warnings, Status Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1C.1 Faults Reported by Fusion Main/SingleStar Hubs . . . . . . . . . C-1C.2 Faults Reported for System CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5C.3 Faults for Fusion Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6C.4 Faults for RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-9C.5 Warning/Status Messages for Fusion Main/Singlestar Hubs C-10C.6 Warning/Status Messages for System CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-15C.7 Warning/Status Messages for Fusion Expansion Hubs . . . . . C-16C.8 Warning /Status Messages for RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-19
CONFIDENTIALInterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1D-620610-0-20 Rev AList of FiguresFigure 2-1 Fusion System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4Figure 2-2 Three Methods for OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5Figure 2-3 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6Figure 2-4 Fusion’s Double Star Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7Figure 2-5 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8Figure 2-6 Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Fusion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3Figure 3-3 Fusion Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4Figure 3-4 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8Figure 3-5 Preferences Check Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Fusion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Fusion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram (Multiband) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2Figure 6-1 Determining APL between the Antenna and the Wireless Device .6-14Figure 6-2 ALC Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-40Figure 7-1 Flush Mounting Bracket Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-12Figure 7-2 Bracket Detail For Wall Mount Rack (PN 4712) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-13Figure 7-3 Installing Directly to the Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-14Figure 7-4 Using Hub Rack-Mounting Brackets for Direct Wall Installation . .7-15
CONFIDENTIAL2InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualD-620610-0-20 Rev AFigure 7-5 Flush Mounting Bracket Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20Figure 7-6 Bracket Detail For Wall Mount Rack (PN 4712) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21Figure 7-7 Using Hub Rack-Mounting Brackets for Direct Wall Installation . 7-22Figure 7-8 Installing Directly to the Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23Figure 7-9 800/850 MHz Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28Figure 7-10 Guideline for Unison RAU Antenna Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28Figure 7-11 Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32Figure 7-12 Local Area Connection Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33Figure 7-13 Set Time and Date Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34Figure 7-14 AdminBrowser Configuration Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34Figure 7-15 AdminBrowser Configuration Window (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35Figure 7-16 Simplex Base Station to a Fusion Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40Figure 7-17 Duplex Base Station to a Fusion Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41Figure 7-18 Connecting a Fusion Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . 7-42Figure 7-19 Connecting a Fusion Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . 7-43Figure 7-20 Connecting Two Fusion Main Hub’s RF Band Ports to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46Figure 7-21 Connecting Two Fusion Main Hub’s RF Band Ports to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48Figure 7-22 Connecting MetroReach to Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50Figure 7-23 Using a BTS to Monitor Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51Figure 7-24 Using a BTS and AdminBrowser to Monitor Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52Figure 7-25 Using Fusion to Monitor Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53Figure 7-26 Alarm Sense Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54Figure 7-27 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-55Figure 7-28 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56Figure 7-29 OA&M Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57Figure 7-30 OA&M Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-58Figure 7-31 Default Dial-in Settings (Fusion Hub) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-59Figure 7-32 Network Connections Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-60Figure 7-33 New Connection Wizard - Welcome Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-60Figure 7-34 New Connection Wizard - Network Connection Type Window . . 7-61Figure 7-35 New Connection Wizard - Network Connection Window . . . . . . . 7-61Figure 7-36 New Connection Wizard - Connection Name Window . . . . . . . . . 7-62Figure 7-37 New Connection Wizard - Phone Number to Dial Window . . . . . 7-62Figure 7-38 New Connection Wizard - Connection Availability Window . . . . 7-63Figure 7-39 New Connection Wizard - Completing New Connection Window 7-63Figure 7-40 Connect Fusion Hub Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-64Figure 7-41 Fusion Hub Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-64
CONFIDENTIALInterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3D-620610-0-20 Rev AFigure 7-42 Modem Configuration Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-65Figure 7-43 Fusion Hub Properties - Security Tab Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-65Figure 7-44 Fusion Hub Properties - Networking Tab Window . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-66Figure 7-45 Internet Protocol Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-66Figure 7-46 OA&M Connection using a 232 Port Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-67Figure 7-47 OA&M Connection Using a POTS Line Sharing Switch . . . . . . . .7-68Figure 7-48 Cascading Line Sharing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-69Figure 7-49 OA&M Connection Using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub . . .7-70Figure 7-50 Fusion SNMP Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-71Figure A-1 CommScope 2065V for RG-59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2Figure A-2 CommScope 2279V for RG-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3Figure A-3 CommScope 2293K for RG-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4Figure A-1 Standard Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9Figure A-2 Wiring Map for TCP/IP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . A-11
CONFIDENTIAL4InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualD-620610-0-20 Rev A
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALList of TablesTable 2-1 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9Table 2-2 Wavelength and Laser Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Table 2-3 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Table 2-4 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Table 2-5 850 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11Table 2-6 1900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11Table 2-7 900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12Table 2-8 1800 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12Table 2-9 900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13Table 2-10 2100 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13Table 2-11 800 MHz (SMR) RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13Table 2-12 900 MHz (SMR) RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14Table 2-13 1900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14Table 3-1 Fusion Hub Status LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7Table 3-2 Fusion Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7Table 3-3 9-pin D-sub Pin Connector Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9Table 3-4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States . . . . . . . . . 4-5Table 4-2 Fusion Expansion Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7Table 4-3 9-pin D-sub Pin Connector Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8Table 4-4 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9Table 5-1 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Table 5-2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length (All RAUs except 800/900/1900) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4Table 5-4 Remote Access Unit LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6Table 5-5 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7Table 6-1 Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6Table 6-2 GSM/EGSM and EDGE Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
CONFIDENTIAL2InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualD-620610-0-20 Rev ATable 6-3 DCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8Table 6-4 PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9Table 6-5 UMTS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10Table 6-6 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length (All RAUs except 800/900/1900) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12Table 6-7 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length for 800/900/1900 RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13Table 6-8 Coaxial Cable Losses (Lcoax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14Table 6-9 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15Table 6-10 Frequency Bands and the Value of the First Term in Equation (3) . . . 6-16Table 6-11 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 6-17Table 6-12 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz SMR Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18Table 6-13 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 850 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18Table 6-14 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz SMR Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18Table 6-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19Table 6-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19Table 6-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20Table 6-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20Table 6-19 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26Table 6-20 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28Table 6-21 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29Table 6-22 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30Table 6-23 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31Table 6-24 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Downlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33Table 6-25 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35Table 7-1 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3Table 7-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6Table 7-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . 7-8Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9Table 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . 7-26Table 7-7 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30Table 7-8 Alarm Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
CONFIDENTIALInterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3D-620610-0-20 Rev ATable 9-1 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . 9-6Table 9-2 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . . 9-7Table 9-3 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation 9-8Table 9-4 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9Table 9-5 Summary of CATV Cable Wiring Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10Table C-1 Fault Messages for Fusion Main/SingleStar Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2Table C-2 Faults for System CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-5Table C-3 Faults for Fusion Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-6Table C-4 Faults for RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-9Table C-5 Warnings/Status Messages for Fusion Main/SingleStar Hubs . . . . . .C-10Table C-6 Warning/Status Messages for System CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-15Table C-7 Warning/Status Messages for Fusion Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-16Table C-8 Warning/Status Messages for RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-19
CONFIDENTIAL4InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualD-620610-0-20 Rev A
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1-1D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSECTION 1General InformationThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 1.1 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1• Section 1.2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1• Section 1.3 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2• Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3• Section 1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31.1 Firmware ReleaseFor the latest Software and Firmware Release and associated documentation, access the LGC Wireless Customer Portal at lgcwireless.com.1.2 Purpose and ScopeThis document describes the InterReach Fusion system.• Section 2 InterReach Fusion System DescriptionThis section provides an overview of the Fusion hardware and OA&M capabilities. This section also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables.• Section 3 Fusion Main HubThis section illustrates and describes the Fusion Main Hub. This section includes connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.
Conventions in this Manual1-2 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A• Section 4 Fusion Expansion HubThis section illustrates and describes the Expansion Hub, as well as connector and LED descriptions, and unit specification.• Section 5 Remote Access UnitThis section illustrates and describes the Remote Access Unit. This section also includes connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.• Section 6 Designing a Fusion SolutionThis section provides tools to aid you in designing your Fusion system, including tables of the maximum output power per carrier at the RAU and formulas and tables for calculating path loss, coverage distance, and link budget.• Section 7 Installing FusionThis section provides installation procedures, requirements, safety precautions, and checklists. The installation procedures include guidelines for troubleshooting using the LEDs as you install the units.• Section 8 Replacing Fusion ComponentsThis section provides installation procedures and considerations when you are replacing an Fusion component in an operating system.• Section 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical AssistanceThis section provides contact information and troubleshooting tables.• Appendix A Cables and ConnectorsThis appendix provides connector and cable descriptions and requirements. It also includes cable strapping, connector crimping tools, and diagrams.• Appendix B ComplianceThis section lists safety and radio/EMC approvals.• Appendix C Faults, Warnings, Status TablesThis section lists all system alarm messages.1.3 Conventions in this ManualThe following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual.Convention Descriptionbold Used for emphasisBOLD CAPSLabels on equipmentSMALL CAPSSoftware menu and window selections
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALStandards ConformanceThis manual lists measurements first in metric units, and then in U.S. Customary Sys-tem of units in parentheses. For example:0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)This manual uses the following symbols to highlight certain information as described.NOTE: This format emphasizes text with special significance or impor-tance, and provides supplemental information.CAUTION: This format indicates when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur.WARNING: This format indicates when a given action or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user.ProcedureThis format highlights a procedure.1.4 Standards Conformance• Fusion uses the TIA-570-B cabling standards for ease of installation.• Refer to Appendix B for compliance information.1.5 Related Publications• AdminBrowser User Manual, LGC Wireless part number D-620607-0-20 Rev. A•MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8500-10•InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8700-50
Related Publications1-4 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 2-1D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSECTION 2InterReach Fusion System DescriptionThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 2.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1• Section 2.2 System Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3• Section 2.3 System OA&M Capabilities Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4• Section 2.4 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7• Section 2.5 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8• Section 2.6 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-92.1 System OverviewInterReach Fusion is an intelligent fiber optics/CATV, multi-band (frequencies) wire-less networking system designed to handle both wireless voice and data communica-tions over licensed frequencies. It provides high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in smaller buildings.Fusion provides RF characteristics designed for large public and private facilities such as campus environments, airports, shopping malls, subways, convention centers, sports venues, and so on. Fusion uses microprocessors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band settings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain, end-to-end alarming of all components and the associ-ated cable infrastructure, and a host of additional capabilities.The Fusion system supports major wireless standards and air interface protocols in use around the world, including:• Frequencies: 800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz• Voice Protocols: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM/EGSM,WCDMA, iDEN• Data Protocols: CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, 1xRTT, EV-DO, and Paging
System Overview2-2 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AThe Fusion system supports three configurable bands:• Band 1 in 35 MHz and can be configured for 850 MHz, or 900 MHz.• Band 2 in 75 MHz and can be configured for 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, or 2100 MHzBoth bands support all protocols.Fusion remote access units contain combinations of Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3 frequencies to support various world areas, that is 800 MHz/900 MHz/1900MHz for North America or 900 MHz/2100 MHz and 900 MHz/1800 MHz for Europe and Asia. Refer to Figure 2-6 on page 2-8 for a specific list of these RAU fre-quency combinations.• Band 3 (only used for the North American FSN-809019-1 RAU) whose Band 3 is a 6 MHz sub-band of the 35 MHz Band with Band 1 being an 18 MHz sub-band of the 35 MHz Band.Key System Features• Multi-Band, supports two or more full band frequencies for spectrum growth.•Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.•High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure enables support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.•Software configurable Main and Expansion Hubs allow the frequency bands to be configured in the field.•Either single-mode or multi-mode fiber can be used, supporting flexible cabling alternatives (in addition to standard CATV 75 Ohm cabling). You can select the cabling type to met the resident cabling infrastructure of the facility and unique building topologies.•Extended system “reach.” Using single-mode fiber, fiber runs can be a long as 6 kilometers (creating a total system “wingspan” of 12 kilometers). Alternatively, with multi-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 500 meters.•Standard 75 Ohm CATV cable, can be run up to 150 meters for RG-59 cable (170 meters for RG-6; 275 meters for RG-11 using CommScope 2065V, 2279V, and 2293K cables).•Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:• System gain:– Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps, from 0 to 15 dB, on both down-link and uplink.• RAU:– RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 10 dB in 1 dB steps.– Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSystem Hardware Description– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna.•Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to the system when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabilities and services.•OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable unit, report-ing of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly web browser user inter-face OA&M software package.2.2 System Hardware DescriptionThe InterReach Fusion system consists of three modular components:• 19" rack-mountable Main Hub (connects to up to 4 Expansion Hubs)• Converts RF signals to optical IF on the downlink; optical IF-to-RF on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Auto-configurable bands• Simplex interface to RF source• Periodically polls all downstream RAUs for system status, and automatically reports any fault or warning conditions•19” rack mountable Expansion Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)• Optical signal conversion to electrical on the downlink; electrical to optical on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Software configurable band (based on commands from the Main Hub)• Supplies DC power to RAUs over CATV cable.•Remote Access Unit (RAU)• Converts IF signals to RF on the downlink; RF-to-IF on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Multi-band protocol independent, frequency specific unitsThe minimum configuration of a Fusion system is one Main Hub, one Expansion Hub, and one RAU (1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). Multiple systems can be combined to provide larger configurations.
System OA&M Capabilities Overview2-4 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AFigure 2-1Fusion System Hardware2.3 System OA&M Capabilities OverviewInterReach Fusion is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware to enable much of the operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) functionality.Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (that is, Fusion Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as a Fusion Main Hub and all of its associ-ated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub. The Main Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following methods:• Normally closed (NC) alarm contact closures can be tied to standard NC alarm monitoring systems or directly to a base station for basic alarm monitoring.• Connection Methods:• The Main Hub’s front panel RJ-45 port connects directly to a PC (for local Ethernet access). • The Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 serial port connects directly to a modem (for remote access). • Remote access is also available with an optional 100BASE-T LAN switch con-nections to the RJ-45 port.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSystem OA&M Capabilities OverviewFigure 2-2Three Methods for OA&M CommunicationsAdminBrowser OA&M software runs on the Fusion Main Hub microprocessor and communicates to its downstream Expansion Hubs and associated RAUs. Using AdminBrowser, you can perform the following from any standard web browser (Internet Explorer) running on your PC/laptop system:• Configure a newly installed system• Change system parameters• Perform an end-to-end system test• Query system status Refer to the AdminBrowser User Manual (D-620607-0-20 Rev A) for information about installing and using AdminBrowser software.2.3.1 System Monitoring and ReportingEach Fusion Main Hub in the system constantly monitors itself, its Expansion Hubs, and their downstream RAUs for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.When a Main or Expansion Hub detects a change in status, it reports a fault or warn-ing alarm. Faults are also indicated locally by red status LEDs. Both faults and warn-ings are reported to AdminBrowser software and displayed on a PC/laptop connected to the Main Hub’s RJ-45 port. Passive antennas connected to the RAUs are not moni-tored automatically. Perform a System Test to retrieve status information about anten-nas.Using AdminBrowser, you can install a new system or new components, change sys-tem parameters, and query system status. Figure 2-3 illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminBrowser.PSTNRS-232RS-232 EthernetPC/Laptoprunning a ModemFusion Main HubModemFusion Main HubEthernetLANSwitchF-conn.Fusion Main HubFusion Main HubStandard BrowserUse AdminBrowser to configureor monitor a local or a remoteFusion system.TCP/IP123R-J-45 tEthernetAdmin BrowserRS-232Modem
System OA&M Capabilities Overview2-6 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AFigure 2-3System Monitoring and Reporting 2.3.2 Using Alarm ContactsYou can connect the DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Fusion Main Hub to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Fusion and/or MetroReach Focus systems.When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to the Fusion, the Fusion Main Hub outputs the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS receives the alarms (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-50.Each RAU passes its status to the Hub.If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.The Expansion Hub queries the status of each RAU and compares it to the previously stored status.If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.Fusion MainHubAdminBrowserRAURAUUse a standardbrowser to communi-cate with remotely or locally installed Fusion systems running AdminBrowser.If a fault or warning condition is reported, the AdminBrowser graphical user inter-face indicates the prob-lem on your standard PC browser.web browserFusion ExpansionHubPC/Laptoprunning astandardThe Main Hub queries status of each Expan-sion Hub and each RAU and compares it to previously stored status. If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.AdminBrowser
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSystem Connectivity2.4 System ConnectivityThe double star architecture of the Fusion system, illustrated in Figure 2-4, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fibers for eight antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra CATV cable.Figure 2-4Fusion’s Double Star ArchitectureMain HubRS-232PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4Expansion HubExpansion HubFiberExpansion HubExpansion HubCATVCATV (RG-59, 6, or 11) CATVup to 8 RAUs per Expansion HubRAU RAU RAURJ-45
System Operation2-8 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A2.5 System OperationFigure 2-5Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)Figure 2-6Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)Main HubRAUThe Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station using 50 Ohm coaxial cable.The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable.The Expansion Hub converts the optical sig-nals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) using 75 Ohm CATV cable.The RAU converts the IF signals to RF and sends them to passive antennas using 50 Ohm coaxial cable.Expansion HubMain HubRAUThe Main Hub sends uplink RF signals to a base station using 50 Ohm coaxial cable.The Main Hub receives the optical signals from the Expansion Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable and con-verts them to RF sig-nals.The Expansion Hub receives the IF signals from the RAUs (up to eight) using CATV cable and converts them to optical signals.The RAU receives uplink RF signals from the passive antenna using 50 Ohm coaxial cable and converts them to IF signals.Expansion Hub
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSystem Specifications2.6 System SpecificationsTable 2-1Physical SpecificationsParameter Main Hub Expansion Hub Remote Access UnitIF/RF Connectors 6-type “N”, female (50 Ohm), 1 Downlink/Uplink pair per band8-type “F”, female (CATV 75 Ohm)One F, female (CATV -75 Ohm)One N, female (coaxial - 50 Ohm)External Alarm Connector (contact source)One, 9-pin D-sub, female One, 9-pin D-sub, female —ADMIN/LAN Interface ConnectorsOne RJ-45, femaleOne 9-pin D-sub, male for optional modemOne RJ-45, femaleOne 9-pin D-sub, male—Fiber Connectors**It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution pan-els.4 pair, SC/APC One pair, SC/APC —LED Alarm and Status IndicatorsUnit Status (One pair):• Power• Main Hub StatusDownstream Unit Status (One per fiber port):• Expansion Hub/RAUUnit Status (One pair):• Power• Expansion Hub StatusFiber Link Status (One pair):• DL Status• UL StatusPort Status:• One per F connector port• Link/RAUUnit Status (One pair):• Link• AlarmPower (Volts) Rating: 100–240V AC, 1A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 90–132V AC/170-250V AC auto-rangingRating: 100–240V AC, 6A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 90–132V AC/170-250V AC auto-ranging—Power Consumption (W) 30 4 RAUs: 305 typical8 RAUs: 530 typical—Enclosure Dimensions†(height × width × depth)†Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hub.Note: The Fusion Main Hub’s typical power consumption assumes that the CATV RG-59 cable length is no more than 150 meters, the RG-6 cable length is no more than 170 meters, and RG-11 cable length is no more than 275 meters using CommScope 2065V, 2279V, and 2293K cables.89 mm × 438 mm × 381 mm(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 15 in.) (2U)89 mm × 438 mm × 381 mm(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 15 in.) (2U)54 mm x 286 mm x 281 mm(2.13 in. × 11.25 in. × 11.13 in.)Weight < 5.5 kg (< 12 lbs.) < 6.6 kg (< 14.5 lbs.) < 2.1 kg (< 4.6 lbs.)
System Specifications2-10 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev ATable 2-2Wavelength and Laser Power SpecificationsMeasured Output PowerWavelength Main Hub Expansion Hub1310 nm +20 nm 890 uW 3.8 mWTable 2-3Environmental SpecificationsParameter Main Hub and Expansion Hub RAUOperating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)Non-operating Tempera-ture –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)Operating Humidity; non-condensing 5% to 95% 5% to 95%Table 2-4Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUsFusion RAU Part NumberFusionBandRF PassbandDownlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)MAIN HUB/RAU BandRAU Band-width850/1900 FSN-8519-1 850 869–894 824–849 1 25 MHz1900 1930–1990 1850–1910 2 60 MHz900//1800 FSN-9018-1 900 925–960 880–915 1 35 MHz1800 1805–1880 1710–1785 2 75 MHz900/2100 FSN-9021-1 900 925–960 830–715 1 35 MHz2100 2110–2170 1920–1980 2 60 MHz800/900/1900FSN-809019-1 800 SMR851-869 806-824 1 (sub band 1A)18 MHz900 SMR935-941 896-902 3 (sub band 1B)6 MHz1900 (A-G)1930-1995 1850-1915 2 65 MHz
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-11D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSystem Specifications2.6.1 RF End-to-End PerformanceThe following tables list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol.NOTE: The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated up to 10 dB in 1dB steps.850/1900 RAUTable 2-5850 MHz RF End-to-End PerformanceParameterTypicalDownlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB) 2.5 3Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 16Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 22Table 2-61900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance ParameterTypicalDownlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB) 3.5 4Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) -5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 16Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 22
System Specifications2-12 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A900/1800 RAUTable 2-7900 MHz RF End-to-End PerformanceTypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage Downlink gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 75 m RG-59 (dB) 3 4Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 16Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 22Table 2-81800 MHz RF End-to-End PerformanceTypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Downlink ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 (dB) 2Uplink ripple with 75 m RG-59 (dB) 2Uplink gain roll off with 75 m RG-59 (dB)**Outside the center 60 MHz2Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 16Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 22
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-13D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSystem Specifications900/2100 RAU800/900/1900 RAUTable 2-9900 MHz RF End-to-End PerformanceTypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage Downlink gain with 75 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 75 m RG-59 (dB) 3 4Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 16Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 22Table 2-102100 MHz RF End-to-End PerformanceParameterTypicalDownlink UplinkAverage gain w/ 75 meters RG-59 @ 25°C (dB) 15 15Ripple with 75 m RG-59 (dB) 2.5 4Spurious Output Levels (dBm) <–30UMTS TDD Band Spurious Output Level1900–1920 MHz, 2010–2025 MHz (dBm/MHz)<–52Output IP3 (dBm) 37Input IP3 (dBm) –5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 16Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 22Table 2-11800 MHz (SMR) RF End-to-End PerformanceTypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage Downlink gain with 150 m CATV at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 150 m CATV (dB) 2.5 3Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 25Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs (dB) 17Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EH-32 RAUs (dB) 23
System Specifications2-14 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A Table 2-12900 MHz (SMR) RF End-to-End PerformanceTypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage Downlink gain with 150 m CATV at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 150 m CATV (dB) 2.5 3Output IP3 (dBm) 35Input IP3 (dBm) –5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 23Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs (dB) 17Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EH-32 RAUs (dB) 23Table 2-131900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance TypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage Downlink gain with 150 m CATV at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 150 m CATV (dB) 3.5 4Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –5Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs (dB) 17Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EH-32 RAUs (dB) 23
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3-1D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSECTION 3Fusion Main HubThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 3.1 Fusion Main Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1• Section 3.2 Fusion Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4• Section 3.3 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8• Section 3.4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10• Section 3.5 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113.1 Fusion Main Hub OverviewThe Fusion Main Hub (shown in Figure 3-1) distributes up to three individual (Band 1, 2, or 3) downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the associ-ated Expansion Hubs.Fusion is a multi-band system. One RF source (Band 1 or RF1) goes to the 35 MHz band and the other RF source (Band 2 or RF2) goes to the 75 MHz band. Band 3 (or RF3) goes to a 6 MHz sub-band of the 35 MHz band and is functional only with the 800/900/1900 RAU. The system installs in a 19" equipment rack and is usually co-located with the RF source in a telecommunications closet.
Fusion Main Hub Overview3-2 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AFigure 3-1Main Hub in a Fusion SystemFigure 3-2 shows a detailed view of the major RF and optical functional blocks of the Main Hub.Fusion Main HubFusion Expansion Hub RAUDownlink Path: The Main Hub receives up to 3 individual (Band1, 2, or 3) downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF then to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs using fiber optic cable.The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs using the fiber optic cable. The Expansion Hubs, in turn, communicate the OA&M information to the RAUs using CATV cable.Uplink Path: The Main Hub receives uplink optical signals from up to four Expansion Hubs using fiber optic cables. It con-verts the signals to IF then to RF and sends them to the respective Band1, 2, or 3 base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system using 50 Ohm coaxial cable.The Main Hub also receives status information from the Expansion Hubs and all RAUs using the fiber optic cable.Downlink to Main HubUplink from Main HubDownlink from Main HubUplink to Main HubRF1, 2, and 3RF1, 2, and 3
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALFusion Main Hub OverviewFigure 3-2Main Hub Block Diagram
Fusion Main Hub Front Panel3-4 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A3.2 Fusion Main Hub Front PanelFigure 3-3Fusion Main Hub Front Panel1.Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4)• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK)• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWNLINK)2.Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port)• One LED per port for port link status and downstream unit status 3.One set of unit status LEDs• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)• One LED for unit status (labeled MAIN HUB STATUS)4.One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system remote dial-up communication and diagnostics using a modem (labeled MODEM)5.One RJ-45 female connector for system communication and diagnostics using a PC/laptop with direct connect or using a LAN switch (labeled ADMIN/LAN)6.Power switch123645121212
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALFusion Main Hub Front Panel3.2.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink PortsThe optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:• Optical Fiber Uplink ConnectorThis connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from an Expansion Hub.• Optical Fiber Downlink ConnectorThis connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to transmit the downlink optical sig-nals to an Expansion Hub.CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Main Hub’s fiber connector ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors when using either single-mode or multi-mode fiber. Additionally, it is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, includ-ing fiber distribution panels.3.2.2 Communications RS-232 Serial ConnectorRemote MonitoringUse a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-nector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female and a DB-25 male connector. Refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-11 for the cable pinout diagram.Remote monitoring is also available by connecting the RJ-45 (ADMIN/LAN) port to a LAN switch for remote Ethernet LAN access or direct dial-up router access.Local MonitoringUse a crossover Ethernet cable (PN-4069-ADB) to connect a laptop or PC to the RJ-45 female connector for local monitoring or configuring using the AdminBrowser resident software. The cable typically has a RJ-45 male connector on both ends. Refer to Appendix A.5 on page A-10 for the cable pinout.3.2.3 Main Hub LED IndicatorsThe unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Use the LEDs to provide basic information only, or as a backup when you are not using Admin-Browser.
Fusion Main Hub Front Panel3-6 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AUpon power up, the Main Hub goes through a 20-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-1, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly. Upon completion of initialization, the LEDs stay in one of the first two states shown in Table 3-1.The Main Hub automatically sends the program bands command to all connected RAUs. A mismatched band causes a fault message to be displayed in AdminBrowser and places the RAU in a disabled condition.NOTE: Refer to Section 9.3.2 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.NOTE: AdminBrowser should be used for troubleshooting the system. Only use LEDs for backup or confirmation. However, if there are communi-cation problems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional infor-mation that is not available using AdminBrowser.Unit Status LEDsThe Main Hub has one pair of status LEDs, labeled POWER and STATUS, which can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be:steady greensteady redoff - no color (valid only during 90 second power cycle)flashing red (60 ppm)There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALFusion Main Hub Front PanelFiber Port LEDsThe Main Hub has one fiber port LED for each of the four fiber ports. The LED can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. This LED can be:offsteady greensteady redflashing red (60 ppm)Table 3-1Fusion Hub Status LED States LED State IndicatesGreenGreen• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.• The Main Hub is not reporting a fault; however, the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition may exist. Use AdminBrowser to deter-mine this.GreenRed• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating. Use AdminBrowser to power status.• The Main Hub is reporting a fault or lockout condition.GreenRed (60-ppm)• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.• The Main Hub DL input signal level is too high.RedRed• One or more power supplies are out-of-specification.Table 3-2Fusion Hub Port LED StatesLED State IndicatesOff • The Expansion Hub is not connected.Green• The Expansion Hub is connected.• There are no faults from the Expansion Hub or any connected RAU.Red (60 PPM)• There was a loss of communications with the Expansion Hub.Red (Steady)• The Expansion Hub is disconnected.• The Expansion Hub or any connected RAU reported a fault or lockout condition.POWERSTATUSPOWERSTATUSPOWERSTATUSPOWERSTATUSPORTPORTPORTPORT
Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel3-8 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A3.3 Fusion Main Hub Rear PanelFigure 3-4Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel1.AC power cord connector2.Two air exhaust vents3.Three N-type, female connectors for each band (Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3):• Uplink (labeled UL1, UL2, and UL3)• Downlink (labeled DL1, DL2, and DL3)4.One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact alarm monitoring (labeled ALARMS)5.Ground lug for connecting unit to frame ground (labeled GROUND)3.3.1 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors3.3.1.1 9-pin D-sub ConnectorThe 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled ALARMS) provides a contact alarm for fault and warning system alarm monitoring.Table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.123Band 1 Band 2 Band 3UL1 UL2 UL3DL1 DL2 DL345AC PowerAlarms
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALFusion Main Hub Rear PanelThis interface can both generate two source contact alarms (Fault and Warning) and sense 3 single external alarm contacts (Alarm Sense Input 1 through 3).3.3.1.2 N-type Female ConnectorsThere are two 50 Ohm N-type connector pairs for each of the 3 bands on the rear panel of the Hub:• The DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local base station, or MetroReach Focus system.• The UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-tion, or MetroReach Focus system.CAUTION:The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power feed from the local base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used or the Fusion hub may be damaged.Table 3-39-pin D-sub Pin Connector FunctionsPin Function1 Alarm Sense Input (DC Ground)2 Alarm Sense Input 33 Alarm Sense Input 24 Warning Source Contact (positive connection)5 Warning Source Contact (negative connection)6 DC Ground (common)7 Fault Source Contact (positive connection)8 Alarm Sense Input 19 Fault Source Contact (negative connection)
Main Hub Specifications3-10 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A3.4 Main Hub SpecificationsTable 3-4Main Hub SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionEnclosure Dimensions (H × W × D)a: a. Excluding angle brackets for the 19” rack mounting of the Hub.89 mm x 438 mm x 381 mm (3.5 in. x 17.25 in. x 15 in.) 2UWeight <5.5 kg (<12 lb)Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%External Alarm Connector (contact closure)1 9-pin D-sub, femaleMaximum: 40 mA @ 40V DCTypical: 4 mA @ 12V DCADMIN/LAN Interface Connector 1 RJ-45, female1 9-pin D-sub, male for optional modemFiber Connectors 4 Pair, SC/APCbb. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.RF Connectors 6 N, female (50 Ohm), 1 Downlink/Uplink pair per bandLED Fault and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):• Power• Main Hub StatusDownstream Unit/Link Status (1 per fiber port):• Link/E-Hub/RAUAC Power Rating 115/230V AC, 2/1A, 50-60 HzOperating Range: 90-132V AC/170-250V AC auto-rangingPower Consumption (W) 30MTBF 117,972 hours
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-11D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALFaults, Warnings, and Status Messages3.5 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages3.5.1 DescriptionThe Fusion Main Hub monitors and reports changes or events in system performance to:• Ensure that fiber receivers, amplifiers and IF/RF paths are functioning properly.• Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and function-ing properly.An event is classified as fault, warning, or status message.• Faults are service impacting.• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.• Status and informational messages are generally not service impacting.The Fusion Main Hub periodically queries attached Expansion Hub and Remote Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected PC/laptop running a standard browser communicating with the AdminBrowser soft-ware. Only faults are indicated by the faceplate LEDs.For more information regarding the events, refer to:• Appendix C for Main Hub faults.• Appendix C for Main Hub warnings.• Appendix C for Main Hub status messages.• Section 9 for troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages3-12 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A3.5.2 View PreferenceAdminBrowser 1.0 or higher enables you to select (using the screen shown in Figure 3-5) the type of events to be displayed.Figure 3-5Preferences Check BoxesTo modify the setting, using AdminBrowser, select Alarms  Set Alarm Preference and select the desired choice. After you click OK, AdminBrowser refreshes and updates the tree view according to the new setting. NOTE: The setting is strictly visual and only in AdminBrowser. There is no affect on the hardware itself. By default, the event filtering is set to “Enable viewing of Faults only”.The only exception to when the event filtering is ignored is during the Install/Config-ure command. All events are displayed regardless of the event filtering setting. This ensures a smooth installation.
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 4-1D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSECTION 4Fusion Expansion HubThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 4.1 Expansion Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1• Section 4.2 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3• Section 4.3 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7• Section 4.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8• Section 4.5 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-94.1 Expansion Hub OverviewThe Expansion Hub acts an interface between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa, as shown in Figure 4-1. It also supplies control signals and DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s) as well as passing status information from the RAUs to the Main Hub.Figure 4-1Expansion Hub in a Fusion SystemFusion Expansion HubFusion Main HubRAUDownlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink (Band1, 2, and 3) optical signals from the Main Hub using fiber optic cable. It converts the signals to electrical and sends them to up to eight Remote Access Units (RAUs) using CATV cables. The Expansion Hub also receives configuration information from the Main Hub using the fiber optic cable and relays it to the RAUs using CATV cable.Uplink Path: The Expansion Hub receives uplink (Band1, 2, and 3) IF signals from up to eight RAUs using CATV cables. It converts the signals to optical and sends them to a Main Hub using fiber optic cable.The Expansion Hub also receives RAU status information using CATV cable and sends it and its own status information to the Main Hub using the fiber optic cable.Downlink to Expansion HubUplink from Expansion HubDownlink from Expansion HubUplink to Expansion Hub
Expansion Hub Overview4-2 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AFigure 4-2Expansion Hub Block Diagram
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALExpansion Hub Front Panel4.2 Expansion Hub Front PanelFigure 4-3Expansion Hub Front Panel1.One port LED per type F connector port for link status and downstream RAU sta-tus (8 pair total).2.Eight CATV cable, type F connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)3.One pair of unit status LEDs• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)• One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS)4.One set of fiber connection status LEDs• One LED for fiber downlink status (labeled DL STATUS)• One LED for fiber uplink status (labeled UL STATUS)5.One fiber optic port which has two connectors• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF output (labeled UPLINK)• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF input (labeled DOWNLINK)6.One 9-pin D-sub male connector for LGC factory testing (labeled CONSOLE)7.One RJ-45 female connector for system communication and diagnostics using a PC/laptop with direct connect or using a LAN switch (labeled ADMIN/LAN)8.Power Switch1 2 3 4 5867
Expansion Hub Front Panel4-4 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A4.2.1 75 Ohm Type F ConnectorsThe eight type F connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the CATV cables used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use only 75 ohm type F connectors on the CATV cable.The CATV cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 54V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit protects the Hub if any port draws excessive power.NOTE: For system performance, it is important to use only low loss solid cop-per center conductor CATV cable with quality type F connectors that use captive centerpin connectors. Refer to Appendix A for approved cables and connectors.4.2.2 Manufacturing RS-232 Serial ConnectorConsole PortThis console port is only used by LGC Wireless manufacturing test purposes. DO NOT CONNECT ANYTHING TO IT.Local MonitoringUse a crossover Ethernet cable (PN-4069-ADB) to directly connect a laptop or PC to the RJ-45 female connector for local monitoring or configuring the Expansion Hub and associated RAUs using the AdminBrowser-EH resident software. The cable typi-cally has a RJ-45 male connector on both ends. Refer to Appendix A.4 on page A-8 for the cable pinout and the AdminBrowser manual.4.2.3 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink ConnectorsThe optical fiber uplink/downlink port transmits and receives optical signals between the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. The fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:• Optical Fiber Uplink ConnectorThis connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to transmit (output) uplink optical signals to the Main Hub.• Optical Fiber Downlink ConnectorThis connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to receive (input) downlink optical sig-nals from the Main Hub.CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Expansion Hub’s fiber connector ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors. Additionally, use only
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALExpansion Hub Front PanelSC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribu-tion panels. This is critical for ensuring system performance.4.2.4 LED IndicatorsThe unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminBrowser.Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 4-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDsThe Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-1. These LEDs can be:steady greensteady redoff Table 4-1Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States LED State IndicatesGreen / GreenGreen / Green• The Expansion Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.• The Expansion Hub is not reporting a fault or lockout condition; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine this).• Optical power received is above minimum (the Main Hub is con-nected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recom-mended maximum.• Optical power transmitted (uplink laser) is normal and communica-tions with the Main Hub are normal.Green / GreenRed / Green• Optical power received is above minimum (the Main Hub is con-nected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recom-mended maximum.• Optical power transmitted (uplink laser) is normal and communica-tions with the Main Hub are normal.• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault or commanded lockout.POWEREH STATUSDL STATUSUL STATUSPOWEREH STATUSDL STATUSUL STATUS
Expansion Hub Front Panel4-6 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev ARJ-45 Port LEDsThe Expansion Hub has a port LED, labeled PORT, for each of the eight 75 Ohm, Type F ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redflashing red (60 pulses per minute [PPM])Green / RedRed / Green• A fault condition was detected, optical power received is below mini-mum. (the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)Green / GreenRed / Red• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition.• Optical power received is above minimum (Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.• Optical power transmitted is below minimum (Expansion Hub uplink laser has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub). UL STATUS LED state must be checked within the first 90 seconds after power on. If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, replace the Expansion Hub.Green / RedRed / Red• Optical power received is below minimum (the Main Hub is not con-nected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)• Optical power transmitted is below minimum (the Expansion Hub uplink laser has failed; is unable to communicate with the Main Hub). UL STATUS LED state must be checked within the first 90 seconds after power on. If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, the uplink laser has failed, replace the Expansion Hub.Green /OffGreen / Off• Expansion Hub is in factory test mode, return it to the factory.Red/ Don’t CareRed/ Don’t Care• One or more power supplies are out of specification. The hub needs to be replaced.Green/ RedOff/ Off• Expansion Hub failure. The Hub must be replaced.Table 4-1Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States (continued)LED State IndicatesPOWEREH STATUSDL STATUSUL STATUSPOWEREH STATUSDL STATUSUL STATUSPOWEREH STATUSDL STATUSUL STATUSPOWEREH STATUSDL STATUSUL STATUSPOWEREH STATUSDL STATUSUL STATUSPOWEREH STATUSDL STATUSUL STATUS
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-7D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALExpansion Hub Rear Panel4.3 Expansion Hub Rear PanelFigure 4-4Expansion Hub Rear Panel1.AC power cord connector2.Two air exhaust vents3.One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact alarm monitoring (labeled ALARMS)4.Ground lug for connecting unit to frame ground (labeled GROUND)Table 4-2Fusion Expansion Hub Port LED StatesLED State IndicatesOff • The RAU is not connected.Green• The RAU is connected.• No faults from the RAU.Red (60 PPM)• The RAU was disconnected.• The RAU is not communicating.• The RAU port power is tripped.Red (Steady)• The RAU is disconnected.• The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition.PORTPORTPORTPORT1234
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages4-8 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev ATable 4-39-pin D-sub Pin Connector FunctionsThis interface can monitor three single external alarm contacts (Alarm Sense Input 1 This interface monitors the output contact closures from a Universal Power Supply (UPS). Verify the output contact closure state (normally closed or normally open) of the UPS, and set the appropriate contact definition using AdminBrowser.• Faults are service impacting.• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.• Status messages are generally not service impacting.through 3).4.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status MessagesBoth fault and warning conditions of the Expansion Hub and attached RAUs are reported to the Main Hub. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.For more information, refer to Appendix C, “Faults, Warnings, Status Tables,” on page C-1.NOTE: You can select what type of events AdminBrowser displays. Refer to Section 3.5.2 View Preference 3-12.Pin Function1 Alarm Sense Input (DC Ground)2 Alarm Sense Input 33 Alarm Sense Input 24 N/C5 N/C6 DC Ground (common)7 N/C8 Alarm Sense Input 19 N/C
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-9D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALExpansion Hub Specifications4.5 Expansion Hub SpecificationsTable 4-4Expansion Hub SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionEnclosure Dimensions (H × W × D) 89 mm x 438 mm x 381 mm (3.5 in. x 17.25 in. x 15 in.) 2UWeight < 6.6 kg (< 14.5 lb.)Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%CATV Connectorsaa. It is important that you use only recommended CATV 75 Ohm cable with quality F connectors.8 F, female (CATV - 75 Ohm)Fiber Connectorsbb. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.1 Pair, SC/APCLED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):• Power• E-Hub StatusFiber Link Status (1 pair):• DL Status• UL StatusPort Status (1 pair per CATV port):• Link/RAUExternal Alarm Connector (contact sense monitor)1 9-pin D-sub, femaleAC Power (Volts) (47–63 Hz) Rating: 115/230V AC, 6/3A, 50-60 HzOperating Range: 90-132V AC/170-250V AC auto-rangingPower Consumption (W) 4 RAUs: 305 typical8 RAUs: 530 typicalMTBF 54,477 hours
Expansion Hub Specifications4-10 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 5-1D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSECTION 5Remote Access UnitThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 5.1 RAU Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1• Section 5.2 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5• Section 5.3 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6• Section 5.4 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7• Section 5.5 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-75.1 RAU OverviewThe Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expan-sion Hub using industry-standard CATV cable, which delivers RF signals, configura-tion information, and electrical power to the RAU.An RAU passes converted 1F to RF (Downlink) and converted RF to 1F (Uplink) sig-nals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices as shown in Figure 5-1.
RAU Overview5-2 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AFigure 5-1Remote Access Unit in a Fusion SystemFigure 5-2Remote Access Unit Block Diagram (Multiband)Fusion Expansion Hub RAUDownlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from a Fusion Hub using 75 Ohm CATV cable. It converts the sig-nals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Fusion Hub using the 75 Ohm CATV cable.Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF and sends them to a Fusion Hub using 75 Ohm CATV cable. Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Fusion Hub using CATV cable.The RAU receives 54VDC power from the Fusion Hub port through the 75 Ohm CATV cable center pin.Downlink to RAUUplink from RAUFusion Main HubDownlink to antennaUplink from antenna,3** for FSN-809019-1 RAU when Band 3 is active.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALRAU OverviewThe Fusion RAUs are manufactured to a specific set of bands: one 35 MHz Band 1 (split into two sub-bands 1A and 1B for FSN-809019-1 RAU), and one 75 MHz-Band 2. Table 5-1 lists the Fusion RAUs, the Fusion Band, and the frequency bands they cover. Table 5-1Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUsFusion RAUPart NumberFusionBandRF PassbandDownlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)MAIN HUB/RAU BandRAU Bandwidth850/1900 FSN-8519-1 850 869–894 824–849 1 25 MHz1900 1930–1990 1850–1910 2 60 MHz900//1800 FSN-9018-1 900 925–960 880–915 1 35 MHz1800 1805–1880 1710–1785 2 75 MHz900/2100 FSN-9021-1 900 925–960 830–715 1 35 MHz2100 2110–2170 1920–1980 2 60 MHz800/900/1900FSN-809019-1800 SMR851-869 806-824 1 (sub band 1A)18 MHz900 SMR935-941 896-902 3 (sub band 1B)6 MHz1900 (A-G)1930-1995 1850-1915 2 65 MHz
RAU Overview5-4 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A* Exceeding the distance of copper-clad cable will result in the attached RAU becoming non-functional. If the distance of a cable run is at its maximum and is of concern, LGC recom-mends the use of solid copper cable to ensure successful operation.Table 5-2System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length (All RAUs except 800/900/1900)Cable TypeComm-Scope Part NumberPlenum RatedSolid Copper ConductorCopper Clad ConductorZero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters)DistanceRF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters)RG-592065V Yes X 150 2102022V Yes X 120 120*5572R No X 110 110*5565 No X 150 210RG-62279V Yes X 170 2302275V Yes X 170 175*5726 No X 170 170*5765 No X 170 230RG-112293K Yes X 275 3752285K Yes X 275 370*5913 No X 275 370*
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-5D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALRemote Access Unit Connectors* Exceeding the distance of copper-clad cable will result in the attached RAU becoming non-functional. If the distance of a cable run is at its maximum and is of concern, LGC recommends the use of solid copper cable to ensure successful operation.5.2 Remote Access Unit Connectors5.2.1 50 Ohm Type-N ConnectorThe RAU has one female type-N connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to a standard 50Ω passive antenna using coaxial cable.5.2.2 75 Ohm Type-F ConnectorThe RAU has one type-F female connector that connects it to a Fusion Hub using CATV 75 Ohm cable. Use RG-59, 6, or 11 solid copper center conductor cables.Table 5-3System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length for RAUs Cable TypeComm-Scope Part NumberPlenum RatedSolid Copper ConductorCopper Clad ConductorZero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters)Distance Where RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters)RG-592065V Yes X 150 2102022V Yes X 80 80*5572R No X 70 70*5565 No X 150 210RG-62279V Yes X 170 2302275V Yes X 115 115*5726 No X 110 110*5765 No X 170 230RG-112293K Yes X 275 3752285K Yes X 240 240*5913 No X 240 240*
RAU LED Indicators5-6 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev ANOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only low loss, solid copper center conductor CATV cable with quality F connectors that use captive centerpin conductors. Refer to Appendix A for specific information.5.3 RAU LED IndicatorsUpon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.Status LEDsThe RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 5-4. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redThere is no off state when the unit’s power is on.Table 5-4Remote Access Unit LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff• The RAU is not receiving DC power.GreenGreen• The RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condi-tion. Communication with the Fusion Hub is normal; however, the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition may exist (use AdminBrowser to determine this).GreenRed• The RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Fusion Hub is normal.RedRed• The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition and is not able to communicate with the Fusion HubLINKALARMLINKALARMLINKALARMLINKALARM
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-7D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALFaults and Warnings5.4 Faults and WarningsBoth fault and warning conditions are reported to the Fusion Hub where they are stored. Only faults are indicated by the faceplate LEDs.For more information, refer to Appendix C.5.5 Remote Access Unit SpecificationsNOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only low loss, solid copper center conductor CATV cable with quality F connectors that use captive centerpin conductors. Refer to Appendix A for more information.Table 5-5Remote Access Unit SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionDimensions (H × W × D) 133.5 mm × 438 mm × 381 mm(5.25 in. × 17.25 in. × 15 in.)Weight < 2.1 kg (< 4.6 lb.)Operating Temperature –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%RF Connectors One Type-F, female (CATV - 75 ohms)One Type-N, female (coaxial 50 ohms) LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):• Link• AlarmMaximum Heat Dissipation (W) 50 typical, 64 max (from the Hub)MTBF 211,600 hours (All Dual Band RAUs)144,409 hours (800/900/1900 Tri-Band RAUs)
Remote Access Unit Specifications5-8 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 6-1D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSECTION 6Designing a Fusion SolutionThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1• Section 6.2 Downlink RSSI Design Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3• Section 6.3 Maximum Output Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4• Section 6.4 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11• Section 6.5 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14• Section 6.6 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25• Section 6.7 Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37• Section 6.8 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-386.1 OverviewDesigning a Fusion solution is a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:1.Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements: Refer to Section 6.2, “Downlink RSSI Design Goal,” on page 6-3.The following information is typically provided by the service provider:• Frequency (for example, 1900 MHz)• Band (for example, “A-F” band in the PCS spectrum)• Protocol (for example, CDMA, GSM, 1xRTT, GPRS, and so on)• Number of sectors and peak capacity per sector (translates to the number of RF carriers that the system will have to transmit)• Downlink RSSI design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, for example, –85 dBm)
Overview6-2 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AThe design goal is always a stronger signal than the mobile phone needs. It includes inherent factors which affect performance.• RF source (base station or bidirectional amplifier or repeater), type of equip-ment if possible.2.Determine the downlink power per carrier from the RF source through the DAS: Refer to Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier,” on page 6-4.The maximum power per carrier is a function of modulation type, the number of RF carriers, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions requirements, and Fusion’s RF performance. Power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases. 3.Develop an RF link budget: Refer to Section 6.5, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 6-14.Knowing both the power per carrier and RSSI design goal, you can develop an RF downlink link budget which estimates the allowable path loss from an RAU’s antenna to the wireless handset.allowable path loss = power per carrier + antenna gain – design goalSatisfactory performance can be expected as long as path loss is below this level.4.Determine the in-building environment: Refer to Section 6.5, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 6-14.• Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, and so on.)• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans are also useful when you are selecting antenna locations.• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, and so on.)• Determine the type of environment:– Open layout (for example, a convention center)– Dense, close walls (for example, a hospital)– Mixed use (for example, an office building with hard wall offices and cubi-cles)5.Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: Refer to Section 6.5, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 6-14.Use the path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation charac-teristics within the building, to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This helps establish the quantities of Fusion equip-ment you need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the specific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by perform-ing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a calibrated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-3D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALDownlink RSSI Design Goal6.Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Refer to Section 6.8, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 6-38.Once you know the quantities of Fusion equipment to be used, you can determine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenuators, cir-culators, and so on.) required to connect the system to the base station.The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Fusion solution are explained in the following sections.NOTE: Access the LGC Wireless Customer Portal at LGCWireless.com for on-line dimensioning and design tools.6.2 Downlink RSSI Design GoalWireless service providers typically provide a minimum downlink signal level and an associated confidence factor when specifying coverage requirements. These two fig-ures of merit are a function of wireless handset sensitivity and margins for fading and body loss. Wireless handset sensitivity is the weakest signal that the handset can pro-cess reliably and is a combination of the thermal noise in the channel, noise figure of the handset receiver front end and minimum required SNR. Fade margins for multi-path fading (fast or small-scale) and log-normal shadow fading (slow or large-scale) are determined by the desired confidence factor, and other factors. Downlink RSSI design goal calculations for the GSM protocol are shown below for a 95% area cover-age confidence factor.Downlink design goals on the order of –85 dBm are typical for protocols, such as GSM and iDEN. Wireless service providers may choose a higher level to ensure that in-building signal dominates any macro signal that may be leaking into the building.Noise Power10 Log (KT)+10 Log (200 KHz); K=1.38X10–23, T=300 degrees Kelvin–121 dBmWireless Handset Noise Figure 8 dBRequired SNR 9 dBMultipath Fade Margin95% Reliability for Rician K=6 dB6 dBLog-normal Fade Margin95% Area/87% Edge Reliability for 35 dB PLS and 9 dB Sigma10 dBBody Attenuation + 3 dBDownlink RSSI Design Goal (PDesignGoal)Signal level received by wireless handset at edge of coverage area–85 dBm
Maximum Output Power per Carrier6-4 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.3 Maximum Output Power per CarrierThe following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU 50 Ohm Type-N connector for different frequencies, protocols, and numbers of carriers. These maximum levels are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. In general, as the number of RF carrier increases, the maximum power per carrier decreases. If these levels are exceeded, signal quality will be degraded and/or regulator requirements will be violated. The maximum input power to the Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally, both the uplink and downlink gain of each RAU can be reduced by 10 dB in 1 dB steps.When connecting a Hub to a base station or repeater, attenuation on the downlink is typically required to avoid exceeding Fusion’s maximum output power recommenda-tions.WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power may cause perma-nent damage to the Hub. Do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Hub at any time.NOTE: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna).
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-5D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALMaximum Output Power per Carrier6.3.1 850 MHz CellularCellular Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)AMPS TDMA GSM EDGE CDMA WCDMA1 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16 15216.5 16.5 13.5 13.5 13 11316.5 15.0 11.5 11.5 11 8413.5 13 10.0 10.0 10.0 6.5512.0 11.5 9.0 9.0 9.0 5.0610.5 10.5 8.5 8.5 8.079.5 9.5 8.0 8.0 7.588.5 8.5 7.5 7.5 7.098.0 8.0 7.0 7.0107.0 7.5 6.5 6.5117.0 7.0 6.5 6.5126.5 6.5 6.0 6.0136.0 6.5 6.5 5.5145.5 6.0 5.5 5.5155.5 5.5 5.0 5.0165.0 5.5 5.0 5.0204.0 4.5 4.5 4.0302.0 2.5 3.0 2.0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier6-6 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.3.2 800 MHz or 900 MHz SMRTable 6-1Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm) - 800MHz/900 MHziDEN Analog FM CQPSK C4FMDataTac/ MobitexPOCSAG/ REFLEX1 16.6/14.5 24.0/23.0 21.0/19.0 24.0/23.0 24.0/23.0 23.0213.0/11.0 19.0/17.0 16.0/14.0 18.5/16.5 18.5/16.5 16.5310.5/8.5 15.5/13.5 13.5/11.5 15.0/13.0 15.0/13.0 13.049.0/7.0 12.5/10.0 11.5/9.5 12/510.5 12.5/10.5 10.558.0/6.0 11.0/9.0 10.0/8.0 10.5/8.567.0/5.0 9.5/7.5 8.5/6.5 9.0/7.076.0/4.0 8.5/6.5 8.0/6.0 8.0/6.085.5/3.5 7.5/5.5 7.0/5.0 7.5/5.595.0/3.0 7.0/8.0 6.5/4.5 6.5/4.5104.5/2.5 6.0/4.0 6.0/4.0 6.0/4.0114.0/2.0123.5/1.5133.0/1.0143.0/1.0152.5/0.5162.0/0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-7D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALMaximum Output Power per Carrier6.3.3 900 MHz EGSM and EDGETable 6-2GSM/EGSM and EDGE Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)GSM EDGE1 16.0 16.02 13.0 13.03 11.0 11.04 10.0 10.05 9.0 9.06 8.0 8.07 7.5 7.58 7.0 7.09 6.5 6.510 6.0 6.011 5.5 5.512 5.0 5.013 5.0 5.014 4.5 4.515 4.0 4.016 4.0 4.020 3 330 1 1Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier6-8 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.3.4 1800 MHz DCSTable 6-3DCS Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)GSM EDGE1 16.5 16.52 14.5 14.53 12.5 12.54 11.5 11.55 10.5 10.56 9.5 9.57 9.0 9.08 8.5 8.09 8.0 7.510 7.5 7.011 7.0 6.512 6.5 6.013 6.5 6.014 6.0 5.515 5.5 5.016 5.5 5.020 4.5 4.030 2.5 2.0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may pre-vent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-9D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALMaximum Output Power per Carrier6.3.5 1900 MHz PCSTable 6-4PCS Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)TDMA GSM EDGE CDMA WCDMA1 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.0 15.0216.5 15.5 15.5 13.0 11.0315.0 13.5 13.5 11.0 8.0413.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 6.5511.5 11.0 10.5 9.0 5.0610.5 10.5 9.5 8.079.5 10.0 9.0 7.588.5 9.0 8.0 7.098.0 8.5 7.5107.5 8.0 7.0117.0 7.5 6.5126.5 7.0 6.0136.5 6.5 6.0146.0 6.5 5.5155.5 6.0 5.0165.5 5.5 5.0204.5 4.5 4.0302.5 3.0 2.0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF perfor-mance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier6-10 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.3.6 2.1 GHz UMTSDesigning for Capacity GrowthFusion systems are deployed to enhance in-building coverage and/or to off-load capacity from a macro cell site. In many instances, subscriber usage increases with time and the wireless provider responds by increasing the load on the installed Fusion system. For example, the initial deployment might only require two RF carriers, but four RF carriers may be needed in the future based on capacity growth forecasts. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:1.Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four RF carri-ers. This will likely result in additional RAUs.2.Design the initial coverage for two RF carriers, but reserve RAU ports on the Hub for future use. These ports can be used to fill potential coverage holes once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.Table 6-5UMTS Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)WCDMA115.02 11.03 8.04 6.55 5.06 4.07 3.0Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meet-ing RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions require-ments.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-11D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSystem Gain6.4 System GainThe system gain of the Fusion defaults to 0 dB or can be set up to 15 dB in 1 dB increments. In addition, uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be indepen-dently decreased by 10 dB in one dB steps using AdminBrowser. The recommended maximum lengths of CATV cable are as follows:• For RG-59 cable 150 meters for CommScope PN 2065V. • For RG-6 cable 170 meters for CommScope PN 2279V.• For RG-11 cable 275 meters for CommScope PN 2293K.If the maximum distance is not required, then copper-clad over steel center-conductor cable may be use to reduce cable costs.If the CATV cable is longer than the recommended distance per cable type, the gain of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 6-6 and Table 6-7.
System Gain6-12 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A* Exceeding the distance of copper-clad cable will result in the attached RAU becoming non-functional. If the distance of a cable run is at its maximum and is of concern, LGC recommends the use of solid copper cable to ensure successful operation.Table 6-6System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length (All RAUs except 800/900/1900)Cable TypeComm-Scope Part NumberPlenum RatedSolid Copper ConductorCopper Clad ConductorZero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters)Distance Where RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters)RG-592065V Yes X 150 2102022V Yes X 120 120*5572R No X 110 110*5565 No X 150 210RG-62279V Yes X 170 2302275V Yes X 170 175*5726 No X 170 170*5765 No X 170 230RG-112293K Yes X 275 3752285K Yes X 275 370*5913 No X 275 370*
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-13D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALSystem Gain* Exceeding the distance of copper-clad cable will result in the attached RAU becoming non-functional. If the distance of a cable run is at its maximum and is of concern, LGC recommends the use of solid copper cable to ensure successful operation.Table 6-7System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length for 800/900/1900 RAUs Cable TypeComm-Scope Part NumberPlenum RatedSolid Copper ConductorCopper Clad ConductorZero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters)Distance Where RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters)RG-592065V Yes X 150 2102022V Yes X 80 80*5572R No X 70 70*5565 No X 150 210RG-62279V Yes X 170 2302275V Yes X 115 115*5726 No X 110 110*5765 No X 170 230RG-112293K Yes X 275 3752285K Yes X 240 240*5913 No X 240 240*
Estimating RF Coverage6-14 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.5 Estimating RF CoverageThe maximum output power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (that is, the RSSI design goal) essentially establish the RF downlink budget and, con-sequently, the maximum allowable path loss (APL) between the RAU’s antenna and the wireless device. Since in-building systems, such as the Fusion, are generally downlink-limited, this approach is applicable in the majority of deployments.Figure 6-1Determining APL between the Antenna and the Wireless DeviceAPL = (P – Lcoax + G) – RSSI (1)where:• APL = the maximum allowable path loss in dB• P = the power per carrier transmitted by the RAU in dBm• Lcoax = the coaxial cable loss between the RAU and passive antenna in dB• G = the gain of the passive antenna in dBiCoaxial cable is used to connect the RAU to an antenna. Table 6-8 lists coaxial cable loss for various cable lengths.You can calculate the distance, d, corresponding to the maximum allowable path loss using equations introduced in the following sections.Table 6-8Coaxial Cable Losses (Lcoax)Length of Cable(.195 in. diameter)Loss at 850 MHz (dB)Loss at1900 MHz (dB)0.9 m (3 ft) 0.6 0.81.8 m (6 ft) 1.0 1.53.0 m (10 ft) 1.5 2.3RAUP = power per Distance = dG = Antenna GainRSSI = power at thewireless devicecarrier from the RAULcoax = Coaxial cable loss
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-15D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALEstimating RF Coverage6.5.1 Path Loss EquationIn-building path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):PL = 20log10(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog10(d/d0) + Χs(2)where:• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna• d = the distance expressed in meters• d0 = free-space path loss distance in meters• f = the operating frequency in Hertz.• c = the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 108 m/sec).•n = the path loss exponent and depends on the building “clutter” and frequency of operation•Χs = a normal random variable that depends on partition material and geome-tries inside the building and is accounted for by the log-normal fade margin used in the downlink RSSI design goal calculationAs a reference, Table 6-9 provides estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers1.1. Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.Table 6-9Average Signal Loss of Common Building MaterialsPartition Type Loss (dB) Frequency (MHz)Metal wall 26 815Aluminum siding 20 815Foil insulation 4 815Cubicle walls 1.4 900Concrete block wall 13 1300Concrete floor 10 1300Sheetrock 1 to 2 1300Light machinery 3 1300General machinery 7 1300Heavy machinery 11 1300Equipment racks 7 1300Assembly line 6 1300Ceiling duct 5 1300Metal stairs 5 1300
Estimating RF Coverage6-16 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.5.2 RAU Coverage DistanceUse equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-14 and 6-15, respectively, to estimate the dis-tance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device.With d0 set to one meter and path loss slope (PLS) defined as 10n, Equation (2) can be simplified to:PL(d) = 20log10(4πf/c) + PLS·log10(d) (3)Table 6-10 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (that is., (20log10(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands.Table 6-10Frequency Bands and the Value of the First Term in Equation (3)FrequencyBand (MHz) Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 20log10(4πf/c)Uplink Downlink800 MHz SMR 806-824 851-869 838 30.9900 MHz SMR 896-902 935-941 919 31.9850 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.71800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.51900 MHz PCS 1850–1910 1930–1990 1920 38.12.1 GHz UMTS 1920–1980 2110–2170 2045 38.7
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-17D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALEstimating RF CoverageTable 6-11 shows estimated PLS for various environments that have different “clut-ter” (that is, objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, and so.).By setting the path loss to the maximum allowable level (PL = APL), equation (3) canbe used to estimate the maximum coverage distance of an antenna connected to anRAU, for a given frequency and type of in-building environment.d = 10^((APL - 20log10(4πf/c))/PLS) (4)For reference, Tables 6-13 through 6-17 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:• Path loss Equation (4)• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output• 3 dBi antenna gain• RSSI design goal = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spectrum protocols)Table 6-11Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building EnvironmentsEnvironment Type ExamplePLS for 850/900 MHzPLS for 1800/1900 MHzOpen Environmentvery few RF obstructionsParking Garage, Convention Center 33.7 30.1Moderately Open Environmentlow-to-medium amount of RF obstructionsWarehouse, Airport, Manufacturing 35 32Mildly Dense Environmentmedium-to-high amount of RF obstructionsRetail, Office Space with approxi-mately 80% cubicles and 20% hard walled offices36.1 33.1Moderately Dense Environmentmedium-to-high amount of RF obstructionsOffice Space with approximately 50% cubicles and 50% hard walled offices37.6 34.8Dense Environmentlarge amount of RF obstructionsHospital, Office Space with approxi-mately 20% cubicles and 80% hard walled offices39.4 38.1
Estimating RF Coverage6-18 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev ATable 6-12Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz SMR ApplicationsEnvironment TypeDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 75 244Moderately Open Environment 64 208Mildly Dense Environment 56 184Moderately Dense Environment 48 156Dense Environment 40 131Table 6-13Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 850 MHz Cellular ApplicationsEnvironment TypeDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 73 241Moderately Open Environment 63 205Mildly Dense Environment 55 181Moderately Dense Environment 47 154Dense Environment 39 129Table 6-14Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz SMR ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 70 230Moderately Open Environment 60 197Mildly Dense Environment 53 174Moderately Dense Environment 45 148Dense Environment 38 125
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-19D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALEstimating RF CoverageTable 6-15Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 70 231Moderately Open Environment 60 197Mildly Dense Environment 53 174Moderately Dense Environment 45 149Dense Environment 38 125Table 6-16Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 75 246Moderately Open Environment 58 191Mildly Dense Environment 50 166Moderately Dense Environment 42 137Dense Environment 30 100
Estimating RF Coverage6-20 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev ATable 6-17Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 72 236Moderately Open Environment 56 183Mildly Dense Environment 49 160Moderately Dense Environment 40 132Dense Environment 29 96Table 6-18Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 69 226Moderately Open Environment 54 176Mildly Dense Environment 47 154Moderately Dense Environment 39 128Dense Environment 28 93
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-21D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALEstimating RF Coverage6.5.3 Examples of Design EstimatesExample Design Estimate for an 850 MHz TDMA Application1.Design goals:• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)• TDMA provider• 12 TDMA carriers in the system• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device• Base station with simplex RF connections2.Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Car-rier,” on page 6-4 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 850 MHz TDMA table (on page 6-5) indicates that Fusion can support 10 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 7.0 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.3.Building information:• Eight floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.).• Walls are sheetrock construction, suspended ceiling tiles.• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted.• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles.4.Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-gation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as –85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-nal level underneath the design goal.Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, refer to Section 6.6 on page 6-25.5.Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-11, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments” on page 6-17, shows that a building with 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 95.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 52 meters (170.6 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 8,494 sq. meters (91,425 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Section 6.5.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered depends upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.
Estimating RF Coverage6-22 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AEquipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Fusion equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that two antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.a.2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUsb.16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubsc.2 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main HubCheck that the fiber and CATV cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-tances differ, use the tables in Section 6.4, “System Gain,” on page 6-11 to deter-mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Fusion equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which are used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Fusion system.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-23D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALEstimating RF CoverageExample Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application1.Design goals:• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink fre-quency in 1900 MHz PCS band)• CDMA provider• 8 CDMA carriers in the system• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device• Base station with simplex RF connections2.Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Car-rier,” on page 6-4 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 6-9) indicates that Fusion can support eight carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.3.Building information:• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.).• Walls are sheetrock construction, suspended ceiling tiles.• Antennas used are omni-directional, ceiling mounted.• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles.4.Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-gation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as –85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-nal level underneath the design goal.Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, refer to Section 6.6 on page 6-25.5.Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-11, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments” on page 6-17, shows that a building with 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 30.2 meters (99 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 2,868 sq. meters (30,854 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Section 6.5.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered depends upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.
Estimating RF Coverage6-24 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Fusion equipment quantities needed. Before you test any RF levels in the building, you can estimate that four antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.a.4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUsb.64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubsc.8 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 2 Main HubsCheck that the fiber and Cat-5/5E/6 cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 6.4, “System Gain,” on page 6-11 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Fusion equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Fusion system.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-25D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALLink Budget Analysis6.6 Link Budget AnalysisA link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier explained in Section 6.3. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm) could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.NOTE: Visit the LGC Wireless customer portal at LGCWireless.com for the on-line Link Budget Tool.6.6.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband StandardsThe link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Fusion design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity (minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 6.5.1.Table 6-19 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.
Link Budget Analysis6-26 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev ATable 6-19Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband SystemsConsideration DescriptionBTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station outputAttenuation between BTS and FusionThis includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.3. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity.If the Fusion noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure, the system noise figure is approximately that of Fusion alone. Refer to Section 6.8 for ways to inde-pendently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Fusion.Antenna Gain The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic radi-ator) is 3 dBm per carrier.BTS Noise Figure This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).Fusion Noise Figure This is Fusion’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and RAUs, and the frequency band. Fusion’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-8 configuration. Thus, the noise figure for a Fusion system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power com-bined) is NF(1-1-8) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hub’s RAU ports are not used.Thermal Noise This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).Required C/I ratio For each wireless standard, a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB.Mobile Transmit PowerThe maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitted at highest power level setting).Multipath Fade MarginThis margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and dif-fraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This margin accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys the effects of multipath fading are typically not accounted for because such fading is averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations.ProtocolSignal BandwidthThermal NoiseTDMA 30 kHz –129 dBmGSM 200 kHz –121 dBmiDEN 25 kHz –130 dBm
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-27D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALLink Budget AnalysisLog-normal Fade MarginThis margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, the effects of shadowing are partially accounted for since it is characterized by relatively slow changes in power level.Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.Minimum Received Signal LevelThis is also referred to as the “design goal”. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-erage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example.Table 6-19Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued)Consideration Description
Link Budget Analysis6-28 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.6.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application• c = a + b• f = c + d + e• j = g + h + i• n = k + l + m• k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which has a bandwidth of 30 kHz• p = f – j – nTable 6-20Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: DownlinkLine DownlinkTransmittera. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) 33b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB) –23c. Power into Fusion (dBm) 10d. Fusion gain (dB) 0e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13Airlinkg. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6h. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage, 87% edge coverage10i. Body loss (dB) 3j. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19Receiverk. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129l. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7m. Required C/I ratio (dB) 17n. Minimum received signal (dBm) –105p. Maximum path loss (dB) +99
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-29D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALLink Budget Analysis• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula• i = f + e + g – h• m = j + k + l• p = n – m – iTherefore, the system is downlink limited but the downlink and uplink are almost balanced, which is a desirable condition.Table 6-21Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: UplinkLine UplinkReceivera. BTS noise figure (dB) 4b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB) –10c. Fusion gain (dB) 0d. Fusion noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 22e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129g. Required C/I ratio (dB) 12h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) –97.4Airlinkj. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6k. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage, 87% edge coverage10l. Body loss (dB) 3m. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19Transmittern. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28p. Maximum path loss (dB) 106.4Fsys = F1 + + + ....F2 – 1G1F3 – 1G1G2whereF = 10(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)(Noise Figure/10)G = 10(Gain/10)
Link Budget Analysis6-30 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.6.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA StandardsA CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because you must consider the spread spectrum nature of CDMA. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon recep-tion, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the de-spread signal is higher than that of the CDMA signal before de-spreading. This increase is called processing gain. For IS-95 and J-STD-008, the processing gain is 21 dB or 19 dB depending on the user data rate (9.6 Kbps for rate set 1 and 14.4 Kbps for rate set 2, respectively). Because of the processing gain, a CDMA signal (comprising one Walsh code channel within the composite CDMA signal) can be received at a lower level than that required for narrowband signals. A reasonable level is –95 dBm, which results in about –85 dBm composite as shown below.An important issue to keep in mind is that the downlink CDMA signal is composed of many orthogonal channels: pilot, paging, sync, and traffic. The composite power level is the sum of the powers from the individual channels. Table 6-22 shows an example.This table assumes that there are 15 active traffic channels operating with 50% voice activity (so that the total power adds up to 100%). Notice that the pilot and sync chan-nels together contribute about 25% of the power. When measuring the power in a CDMA signal you must be aware that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, the power level will be about 6 to 7 dB lower than the maximum power level you can expect when all voice channels are active. The implication is that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, and the maximum power per carrier table says that you should not exceed 10 dBm for a CDMA signal, for example, then you should set the attenuation between the base station and the Main Hub so that the Main Hub receives 3 dBm (assuming 0 dB system gain).An additional consideration for CDMA systems is that the uplink and downlink paths should be gain and noise balanced. This is required for proper operation of soft-hand-off to the outdoor network as well as preventing excess interference that is caused by mobiles on the indoor system transmitting at power levels that are not coordinated with the outdoor mobiles. This balance is achieved if the power level transmitted by the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation isPTX + PRX = –73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95)Table 6-22Distribution of Power within a CDMA SignalChannel Walsh Code Number Relative Power LevelPilot 0 20% –7.0 dBSync 32 5% –13.3 dBPrimary Paging 1 19% –7.3 dBTraffic 8–31, 33–63 9% (per traffic channel) –10.3 dB
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-31D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALLink Budget AnalysisPTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008)where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile.The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 6-23 on page 6-31). The differ-ence between these power levels, ∆P, can be estimated by comparing the power radi-ated from the RAU, Pdownink, to the minimum received signal, Puplink, at the RAU:∆P = Pdownink + Puplink + 73 dBm (for Cellular)∆P = Pdownink + Puplink + 76 dBm (for PCS)It’s a good idea to keep –12 dB < ∆P < 12 dB.Table 6-23 provides link budget considerations for CDMA systems.Table 6-23Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMAConsideration DescriptionMultipath Fade MarginThe multipath fade margin can be reduced (by at least 3 dB) by using different lengths of optical fiber (this is called “delay diversity”). The delay over fiber is approximately 5µS/km. If the difference in fiber lengths to Expansion Hubs with overlapping coverage areas produces at least 1 chip (0.8µS) delay of one path relative to the other, then the multipaths’ signals can be resolved and processed independently by the base station’s rake receiver. A CDMA signal traveling through 163 meters of MMF cable is delayed by approximately one chip. Power per car-rier, downlinkThis depends on how many channels are active. For example, the signal is about 7 dB lower if only the pilot, sync, and paging channels are active compared to a fully-loaded CDMA signal. Furthermore, in the CDMA forward link, voice channels are turned off when the user is not speaking. On average this is assumed to be about 50% of the time. So, in the spreadsheet, both the power per Walsh code channel (rep-resenting how much signal a mobile will receive on the Walsh code that it is de-spreading) and the total power are used.The channel power is needed to determine the maximum path loss, and the total power is needed to deter-mine how hard the Fusion system is being driven.The total power for a fully-loaded CDMA signal is given by (approximately):total power = voice channel power + 13 dB + 10log10 (50%)= voice channel power + 10 dBInformation Rate This is simply 10log10(9.6 Kbps) = 40 dB for rate set 110log10(14.4 Kbps) = 42 dB for rate set 2Process Gain The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference. This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain:PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.4 Kbps) = 19 dB rate set 2Note that the process gain can also be expressed as 10log10 (CDMA bandwidth) minus the information rate.
Link Budget Analysis6-32 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AOther CDMA Issues• Never combine multiple sectors (more than one CDMA signal at the same fre-quency) into a Fusion system. The combined CDMA signals will interfere with each other.• Try to minimize overlap between in-building coverage areas that utilize different sectors, as well as in-building coverage and outdoor coverage areas. This is impor-tant because any area in which more than one dominant pilot signal (at the same frequency) is measured by the mobile will result in soft-handoff. Soft-handoff decreases the overall network capacity by allocating multiple channel resources to a single mobile phone.Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of sig-nal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment. For example, the multipath delays inside a building are usually too small for a rake receiver in the mobile (or base station) to resolve and coherently combine multipath components. However, if artificial delay can be introduced by, for instance, using different lengths of cable, then the required Eb/No is lower and the mul-tipath fade margin in the link budget can be reduced in some cases.If the receiver noise figure is NF (dB), then the receive sensitivity (dBm) is given by:Psensitivity = NF + Eb/No + thermal noise in a 1.25 MHz band – PG= NF + Eb/No – 113 (dBm/1.25 MHz) – PGNoise Rise On the uplink, the noise floor is determined not only by the Fusion system, but also by the number of mobiles that are transmitting. This is because when the base station attempts to de-spread a particular mobile’s signal, all other mobile signals appear to be noise. Because the noise floor rises as more mobiles try to communicate with a base station, the more mobiles there are, the more power they have to transmit. Hence, the noise floor rises rapidly:noise rise = 10log10(1 / (1 – loading))where loading is the number of users as a percentage of the theoretical maximum number of users.Typically, a base station is set to limit the loading to 75%. This noise ratio must be included in the link budget as a worst-case condition for uplink sensitivity. If there are less users than 75% of the maximum, then the uplink coverage will be better than predicted.Hand-off Gain CDMA supports soft hand-off, a process by which the mobile communicates simultaneously with more than one base station or more than one sector of a base station. Soft hand-off provides improved receive sensitivity because there are two or more receivers or transmitters involved. A line for hand-off gain is included in the CDMA link budgets worksheet although the gain is set to 0 dB because the in-building system will probably be designed to limit soft-handoff.Table 6-23Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued)Consideration Description
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-33D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALLink Budget Analysis6.6.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell ApplicationTable 6-24CDMA Link Budget Analysis: DownlinkLine DownlinkTransmittera. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0b. Voice activity factor 50%c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0d. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB) –24e. Power per channel into Fusion (dBm) 9.0f. Composite power into Fusion (dBm) 16.0g. Fusion gain (dB) 0.0h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0i. Radiated power per channel (dBm) 12.0j. Composite radiated power (dBm) 19.0Airlinkk. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0l. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0m. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area cover-age, 87% edge coverage10.0n. Additional loss (dB) 0.0o. Body loss (dB) 3.0p. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0Receiverq. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7.0r. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0s. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –167.0t. Information ratio (dB/Hz) 41.6u. Required Eb/(No+lo) 7.0v. Minimum received signal (dBm) –118.4w. Maximum path loss (dB) +99.4
Link Budget Analysis6-34 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A• b and c: see notes in Table 6-23 regarding power per carrier, downlink• e = a + d• f = c + d• i = e + g + h• j = f + g + h• p = –k + l + m + n + o• s = q + r• v = s + t + u• w = j – p – v• x = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + PwhereP = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular–76 dB for PCS
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-35D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALLink Budget AnalysisTable 6-25CDMA Link Budget Analysis: UplinkLine UplinkReceivera. BTS noise figure (dB) 3.0b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB) –30.0c. Fusion gain (dB) 0.0d. Fusion noise figure (dB) 22.0e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) 6.0h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –134.6i. Information rate (dB/Hz) 41.6j. Required Eb/(No+lo) 5.0k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0l. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0m. Minimum received signal (dBm) –91.1Airlinkn. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0o. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area cover-age, 87% edge coverage10.0p. Additional loss (dB) 0.0q. Body loss (dB) 3.0r. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0Transmitters. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28.0t. Maximum path loss (dB) 100.1
Link Budget Analysis6-36 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula• h = e + f + g• m = h + i + j –k – l• r = n + o + p + q• t = s – r – m6.6.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) SystemsFusion can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional consider-ations for such an application of Fusion are: • Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier (repeater).• Ensuring that noise radiated on the uplink from the in-building system does not cause the outdoor base station to become desensitized to wireless handsets in the outdoor network.• Filtering out signals that lie in adjacent frequency bands. For instance, if you are providing coverage for Cellular B-band operation it may be necessary to filter out the A, A’ and A” bands which may contain strong signals from other outdoor base stations.Further information on these issues can be found in LGC Wireless’ application notes for re-radiation applications.Fsys = F1 + + + ....F2 – 1G1F3 – 1G1G2whereF = 10(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)(Noise Figure/10)G = 10(Gain/10)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-37D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALOptical Power Budget6.7 Optical Power BudgetFusion uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as ele-ments of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place.The Fusion optical power budget for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber cable is 3.0 dB (optical).The maximum loss through the fiber can not exceed 3 dB (optical). The maximum lengths of the fiber cable should not exceed 500m (1,640 ft) for multi-mode and 6 km (19,685 ft) for single-mode. Both the optical budget and the maximum cable length must be taken into consideration when designing the system.NOTE: It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6-38 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A6.8 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base StationThe Fusion system supports up to three RF sources: one for Band 1, one for Band 2, and one for Band 3. This section explains how each band can be connected to its asso-ciated base station.Each Fusion Main Hub band has separate system gain parameters. For example, Band 1 can be set for +5 dB of downlink system gain while Band 2 can have +15 dB of downlink system gain. Thus, each band can be configured as a separate system to allow for full integration to its associated base station.When connecting each of the Fusion Main Hub bands to its base station, the follow-ing equipment may be required: circulators, filter diplexers, directional couplers, combiner/splitters, attenuators, coax cables, and connectors. In addition, use the fol-lowing considerations to achieve optimal performance:1.The downlink power from the base stations must be attenuated enough so that the power radiated by the RAU does not exceed the maximum power per carrier listed in Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier,” on page 6-4.2.The uplink attenuation should be small enough that the sensitivity of the overall system is limited by Fusion, not by the attenuator. However, some base stations trigger alarms if the noise or signal levels are too high. In this case the attenuation must be large enough to prevent this from happening.CAUTION:The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power feed from a BTS. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used or the Fusion main hub may be damaged.If, in an area covered by Fusion, a mobile phone indicates good signal strength but consistently has difficulty completing calls, it is possible that the attenuation between Fusion and the base station needs to be adjusted. In other words, it is possible that if the uplink is over-attenuated, the downlink power will provide good coverage, but the uplink coverage distance will be small.When there is an excessive amount of loss between the Fusion Main Hub uplink and its associated band’s base station, the uplink system gain can be increased to as much as 15 dB to prevent a reduction in the overall system sensitivity.6.8.1 Uplink AttenuationThe attenuation between the Main Hub’s uplink port and the associated band’s base station reduces both the noise level and the desired signals out of Fusion. Setting the attenuation on the uplink is a trade-off between keeping the noise and maximum sig-nal levels transmitted from Fusion to the base station receiver low while not reducing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the path from the RAU inputs to the base station
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-39D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALConnecting a Main Hub to a Base Stationinputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of Fusion by itself, although it can be significantly worse.A good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation such that the noise level out of Fusion is within 10 dB of the base station’s sensitivity.6.8.2 RAU Attenuation and ALCThe RAU attenuation and ALC are set using the AdminBrowser Edit Unit Proper-ties screen.Embedded within the uplink RF front-end of each Fusion RAU band is an ALC cir-cuit. This ALC circuit protects the Fusion system from overload and excessive inter-modulation products due to high-powered mobiles or other signal sources that are within the supported frequency band and are in close proximity to the RAU.Each individual Band (1, 2, or 3) of a Fusion RAU has an uplink ALC circuit that operates as a feedback loop. A power detector measures the level of each band’s uplink RF input and if that level exceeds –30 dBm, an RF attenuator is activated. The level of attenuation is equal to the amount that the input exceeds –30 dBm. The fol-lowing sequence describes the operation of the ALC circuit, as illustrated in Figure 6-2.1.The RF signal level into either Band of the RAU rises above the activation thresh-old (–30 dBm), causing that ALC loop to enter into the attack phase.2.During the attack phase, the ALC loop increases the attenuation (0 to 30 dB) until the detector reading is reduced to the activation threshold. The duration of this attack phase is called the attack time.3.After the attack time, the ALC loop enters the hold phase and maintains a fixed attenuation so long as the high-level RF signal is present.4.The RF signal level drops below the release threshold (–45 dBm) and the ALC loop enters the release phase.5.During the release phase, the ALC loop holds the attenuation for a fixed period then quickly releases the attenuation. An important feature of the ALC loop is that in Step 3, the attenuation is maintained at a fixed level until the signal drops by a significant amount. This prevents the ALC loop from tracking variations in the RF signal itself and distorting the waveform modulation.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6-40 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev AFigure 6-2ALC Operation6.8.2.1 Using the RAU 10 dB Attenuation SettingEach RAU band can, independently of the other RAUs in a system, have its uplink or downlink gain attenuated by 10dB in 1dB steps for each RAU band (1, 2, or 3). This is accomplished by selecting the appropriate UPLINK and/or DOWNLINK attenua-tion for each RAU band in the Edit Unit Properties screen of AdminBrowser for the selected RAU.•Downlink Attenuation: The downlink attenuator provides a mechanism to reduce the signal strength from an RAU band. For instance, this could be for an RAU band located near a window in a tall building that is causing excessive leakage to the macro-network. In such a case it is important to attenuate the downlink only. The uplink should not be attenuated. If the uplink is attenuated, the uplink sensitiv-ity is reduced and mobile phones in the area of that RAU band will have to trans-mit at a higher power. This would increase interference to the outdoor network from such mobiles.•Uplink Attenuation: The uplink attenuator attenuates environmental noise picked up by an RAU band located in an area where heavy electrical machinery is operat-ing. In such environments the electrical noise can be quite high and it is useful to reduce the amount of such noise that gets propagated through the distributed antenna system. Attenuating the uplink of an RAU band located in areas of high electrical noise helps preserve the sensitivity of the rest of the system.The effect of activating the uplink or downlink attenuators is to reduce the coverage area of the adjusted RAU band. The coverage radius will be reduced by roughly a fac-tor of 2. More specifically, if d is the coverage distance without attenuation and d’ is the coverage radius with the attenuation, thenwhere PLS is path loss slope (dBm).Input SignalLevelActivationLevel-30dBmReleaseLevel-45dBmOutput SignalLevelTimeHoldPhaseReleasePhaseAttackPhase12345PLSdBdd/1010'=
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-41D-620610-0-20 Rev ACONFIDENTIALConnecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6.8.2.2 Using the Uplink ALC SettingUplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry for each band within the RAU provides automatic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This func-tionality is required to prevent RF signal compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices in very close proximity to the RAU band. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, dropped calls and data errors, and should be prevented. Two settings are available to optimize UL ALC performance:•Multiple Operators: Use when more than one operator and/or protocol is present in the Fusion system’s band frequency or adjacent frequency bands. This setting is most commonly used.•Single Operator and Protocol: Use when only one operator and protocol is on-the-air within the Fusion system’s configured and adjacent frequency bands. This setting is seldom used.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6-42 InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev A

Navigation menu