ADTRAN TRACERT1L7 Tracer, Rack Mount User Manual 61280 003L1 1A a Front

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Document ID	32103
Application ID	5fe2YXJvVRnZnqpfCZcGAg==
Document Description	Updated User Manual
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Document Type	User Manual
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Date Submitted	1999-04-13 00:00:00
Date Available	1999-04-20 00:00:00
Creation Date	1999-04-12 16:05:58
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Document Title	61280.003L1-1A/a.Front
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Document Author:	Suzie Nolen

61280.003L1-1B
PAGE I
TRACER USER’S MANUAL
6/18/98
PAGE II
61280.003L1-1B
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for
an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy.
If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may
cause interference to radio communications.
The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such
interference in a residential situation. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or
television.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected
receiver.
• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets
on separate circuits.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
WARNING
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
SHIELDED CABLES
A shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission
limits and also to prevent interference with nearby radio and television
reception when using the AC voltage adapter. It is essential that only
the Adtran-provided power cord be used.
FCC OUTPUT POWER RESTRICTIONS
The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. However,
the FCC has established restrictions regarding maximum output power
and the adjustments required when employing directional gain antennae.
(Refer to “Setting the Transmitter Power” in Section 2 of this manual).
These restrictions are detailed in FCC Part 15.247 (b)(1), (b)(3)(i), and
(3)(iii). It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and
implementing the radio system to assure compliance with these and any
other pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be
professionally installed.
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PAGE III
EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY FIELDS
This device is designed to provide a maximum power output of 100 mW.
This level of RF energy in itself is below the Maximum Permissible
Exposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installation
of high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may create
the opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for the
general population at a distance less than one meter from the center of
the antenna. The following precautions must be taken during installation
of this equipment:
• The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows
exposure of the general population to the direct beam path of the
antenna at a distance less than one meter. Installation on towers,
masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is
recommended; or
• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from
entering the area within one meter from the front of the antenna
• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the Tracer
equipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presence
on the coaxial connector.
• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand in
front of the antenna assembly.
• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handle
or touch the front of the antenna.
These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general population
and installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess of
specified MPE levels.
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61280.003L1-1B
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PAGE V
INSTALLATION
CONTENTS
PAGE
SECTION 1
TRACER DESCRIPTION ..................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1
ISM BAND SPREAD SPECTRUM ................................... 1
APPLICATIONS ............................................................... 2
SPREAD SPECTRUM ........................................................ 2
Direct Sequence ........................................................... 3
Coding .......................................................................... 3
CHANNEL SELECTION ................................................. 3
FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION .................................... 4
T1 OPERATION ....................................................... 4
Framing ........................................................................ 4
Line Code ..................................................................... 4
DS1/DSX-1 Interface .................................................... 5
Line Buildout or LBO .................................................... 5
TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION .................................. 6
Baseband Processor or BBP ........................................ 6
DS1/DSX-1 Interface .................................................... 6
VT-100 RS-232 Interface ............................................. 8
Alarm Contacts ............................................................. 8
IF Signal ....................................................................... 8
AC/DC Power ................................................................ 9
Controls and Indicators ............................................... 9
Radio Frequency Convertor or RFC ........................... 11
Antenna ...................................................................... 13
SECTION 2
6/18/98
INSTALLATION .............................................................. 15
UNPACK, INSPECT ........................................................ 15
RACK-MOUNTED RFC CONFIGURATION ......................... 15
MAST-MOUNTED RFC CONFIGURATION ......................... 15
INSTALLATION .............................................................. 16
LOCATION ............................................................ 16
POWER REQUIREMENTS ........................................... 16
GROUNDING ......................................................... 16
DS1/DSX-1 INTERFACE ........................................ 18
PAGE VI
61280.003L1-1B
LINK PLANNING ........................................................... 19
ANTENNA FEEDLINE LOSS ......................................... 20
ANTENNA GAIN ......................................................20
PATH LOSS .......................................................... 21
PATH AVAILABILITY ................................................. 21
SETTING THE TRANSMITTER POWER ................................... 22
SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLAN ................................ 23
CONNECTING THE BBP AND THE RFC .............................. 24
APPLYING POWER ........................................................ 25
SETTING THE BBP FREQUENCY PLAN ................................ 25
SPREADING CODE ........................................................ 25
CO-LOCATING MULTIPLE 2.4 GHZ SYSTEMS ....................... 25
ANTENNA ALIGNMENT .................................................... 26
RF LOW ................................................................... 27
REMOTE BERT .......................................................... 27
ALARM CONTACTS ........................................................ 27
SECTION 3
OPERATION ................................................................29
VT-100 USER INTERFACE ............................................. 29
RS-232 INTERFACE .................................................... 29
CABLE CONNECTIONS .................................................... 29
PASSWORD ................................................................30
MAIN MENU SELECTIONS ............................................... 31
SYSTEM STATUS PAGE ............................................. 31
MAIN MENU PAGE ................................................. 32
T1 STATUS PAGE .................................................. 32
CHANNEL A STATISTICS PAGE .................................... 33
CHANNEL B STATISTICS PAGE .................................... 33
ALARM PAGE ........................................................ 34
TEST MENU ......................................................... 34
CONFIGURATION MENU ............................................ 35
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SECTION 4
PAGE VII
TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................................... 37
GENERAL .................................................................. 37
PROBLEM DESCRIPTIONS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS ........... 38
TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE FRONT PANEL INDICATORS ..... 38
“Link Error” light is lit, or link is down ...................... 38
“BPV” light on T1-A or B is lit .................................... 39
RED light on T1-A or B is lit ....................................... 39
“LBK-A” or “LBK-B” is lit ............................................ 40
“AIS/YEL” on T1-A or T1-B is lit .................................. 40
“AIS/YEL” indicator is flashing ................................... 41
No “Power” light ......................................................... 41
“Test” light is lit or blinking ....................................... 42
“TST” light is lit after pressing “Remote Test button . 42
“Fail” light is lit after pressing “Remote Test” button 43
“RF Low” light is on ................................................... 43
TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE VT-100 USER INTERFACE .. 44
RED Alarm .................................................................. 44
BLV Alarm ................................................................... 44
YEL/AIS Alarm ............................................................ 45
RF Link Alarm or Code Sync Alarm ............................ 46
Carrier Sync Alarm or T1 Mux Framer Alarm ............ 47
ES Values in T1 Status Menu ...................................... 48
SES Values in History Menu ....................................... 48
SECTION 5
SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................... 49
TRANSMITTER ............................................................. 49
RECEIVER .................................................................. 49
FREQUENCY PLANS ....................................................... 49
SPREAD SPECTRUM DATA PUMP ...................................... 49
INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS ............................................. 50
USER INTERFACE ......................................................... 50
VT-100 TERMINAL INTERFACE ........................................ 50
MECHANICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ....................................... 50
POWER ..................................................................... 51
SECTION 6
WARRANTY, ORDERING AND RETURN INFORMATION ................. 53
WARRANTY ................................................................53
SALES ...................................................................... 53
REPAIRS AND RETURNS ................................................. 53
TECHNICAL SUPPORT .................................................... 54
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PAGE VIII
GLOSSARY
61280.003L1-1B
............................................................................. 55
ACRONYMS USED IN THIS MANUAL .................................... 55
APPENDIX A CABLE CONNECTIONS ................................................... A-1
TERMINAL CONNECTION (DB25) .................................... A-1
PERSONAL COMPUTER CONNECTION (DB9) ....................... A-1
MODEM CONNECTION (DB25) ...................................... A-2
APPENDIX B FCC REGULATIONS .....................................................B-1
AFFIDAVIT FOR CONNECTION OF CUSTOMER PREMISES
EQUIPMENT TO 1.544 MBPS AND/OR SUBRATE
DIGITAL SERVICES ....................................................... B-3
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61280.003L1-1B
PAGE IX
ILLUSTRATIONS
1-1. Typical Application ......................................... 2
1-2. Bandwidth Division ........................................ 3
1-3. BBP ................................................................ 6
1-4. BBP Rear Panel ............................................. 6
1-5. BBP Block Diagram ....................................... 7
1-6. BBP Front Panel (with door closed) .............. 9
1-7. BBP Front Panel (with door open) ................. 9
1-8. RFC Module .................................................. 11
1-9. RFC Function Block Diagram ....................... 12
1-10. Mast-Mount RFC Housing ............................. 13
1-11. Rack-Mount RFC Housing ............................ 13
2-1. Diplexer ....................................................... 23
3-1.
3-2.
3-3.
3-4.
3-5.
3-6.
3-7.
3-8
3-9.
6/18/98
System Status Page...................................... 31
Main Menu Page .......................................... 32
T1 Status Page ............................................. 32
Channel A Statistics Page ............................ 33
Channel B Statistics Page ............................ 33
Alarm Page .................................................. 34
Test Menu..................................................... 34
T1 Loopback Locations ................................ 35
Configuration Menu ..................................... 35
PAGE X
61280.003L1-1B
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61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 1
SECTION 1
TRACER DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
The Tracer provides dual T1 transport by way of a spread spectrum
microwave link for distances up to 20 miles or more depending
on path engineering. System performance is determined, in part,
by the engineering of the microwave link. Each end of a Tracer
link is composed of two units -- the baseband processor (BBP)
and the radio frequency converter (RFC). Two DS1/DSX-1 (T1)
interfaces are provided on the rear of the BBP, which can be
mounted in a 19" rack. The DS1/DSX-1 interface provides
connections up to 6000 feet from T1 equipment. A single coaxial
cable connects the BBP to the RFC and another connects the RFC
to the antenna.
ISM BAND SPREAD SPECTRUM
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has established
several portions of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum for use in
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. Part 15.247
of the FCC rules describes the requirements of systems that operate
in these bands. The three bands set aside, 902-928 MHz,
2400-2483.5 MHz, and 5725-5850 MHz, are designated for use
by spread spectrum transmitters, either frequency hopping or
direct sequence. The Tracer operates in the 2400 to 2483.5 MHz
band using direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) transmission.
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SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B
APPLICATIONS
Any application that would typically use metallic T1 as a transport
can use the Tracer instead. The figure below illustrates a typical
application.
Antenna
Antenna
RF Cable
Mast Unit
IF Cable
VT-100
TRACER
Baseband Processor
RS-232
T1A
POWER
BPV
AIS
DATA LOSS
T1B
BPV
AIS
DATA LOSS
TRACER
RF Cable
TRACER
Baseband Processor
Rack-mount RFC
T1A
TRANSCEIVER
POWER
BPV
AIS
DATA LOSS
TRACER
T1B
TRANSCEIVER
BPV
AIS
DATA LOSS
TRACER
Terminal
T1
T1
T1
T1
Switch
Cell Radio
MSC
2xT1, Mast-mounted RFC
Cellular/PCS Site
2xT1, Rack-mounted RFC
Mast and Rack mount RFCs may be mixed to accommodate individual system requirements.
Figure 1-1. Typical Application
The Tracer can be used in any application requiring that data be
shared at a high rate of speed. In addition to telephony
applications, Tracer can be used in data communications such as
inter-networking, video conferencing, and telemetry.
SPREAD SPECTRUM
Spread spectrum is a form of communication in which the
bandwidth of a message signal is intentionally increased or
“spread.” The FCC rules allow two methods of spreading -frequency hopping and direct sequence. Tracer employs direct
sequence spread spectrum.
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PAGE 3
TRACER DESCRIPTION
DIRECT SEQUENCE
A direct sequence transmitter spreads the signal by mixing the
data with the output of a pseudorandom number generator which
changes state at a rate higher than the data rate. This rate is called
the “chipping” rate. The Tracer chipping rate is twelve times the
data rate.
CODING
Many different pseudorandom sequences exist. The sequences
are called pseudorandom because, although they appear noiselike, they are determinant and repeat after a specific number of
chips. The longer a code is, the better correlation characteristics
it possesses. These traits allow multiple spread spectrum systems
to operate in the presence of one another with minimal interference
if they are operating with different sequences. The Tracer allows
the selection of one of ten different 120-bit long sequences.
CHANNEL SELECTION
The FCC has allocated 83.5 MHz of spectrum in the band in which
the Tracer operates. A Tracer system fully uses the available
bandwidth -- transmitting in one half and receiving in the other.
The figure below illustrates the bandwidth division.
2400 MHz
2441 MHz
2483.5 MHz
Figure 1-2. Bandwidth Division
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SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B
The transmitter at one end (TxA) of a link will transmit in the
lower half of the spectrum. Consequently the receiver at the other
end will receive in the lower half of the band and transmit in the
upper half. Thus, a system will operate in one of two frequency
plans -- transmit in the upper and receive in the lower or vice
versa. These two plans are called Plan A and Plan B. One end of
a path will be on Plan A and the other will be on Plan B. Shipment
of a link will consist of an A and a B unless specified otherwise.
FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION
With the addition of overhead data, error detection and correction
capability can be added to a data stream. Error correction can be
accomplished by allowing the receiver to request the retransmission of an errored block once detected. The Tracer, on
the other hand, implements forward error correction (FEC) which
adds enough overhead data for the receiver to detect and correct
errors in the data stream. This capability comes at the cost of
bandwidth. The addition of FEC decreases the required signalto-noise (S/N) ratio by approximately 5.5␣ dB to achieve a given
bit error rate (BER).
T1 OPERATION
FRAMING
The data in a T1 stream is delimited by framing bits. The pattern
of the framing bits follows one of two formats -- extended
superframe (ESF) or superframe (SF). The T1 interface must be
prepared for the format that will be used.
LINE CODE
A mark in the data stream is coded as a pulse on the T1 line. A
space is coded as “no activity” on the T1 line. As a form of error
detection, subsequent marks in the data stream are coded as pulses
of alternating polarity, either positive going or negative going. This
type of line coding is called alternate mark inversion (AMI).
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PAGE 5
TRACER DESCRIPTION
For the T1 receiver to operate correctly, a minimum number of
“1s” must exist on the T1 facility. If the data cannot be guaranteed
to meet this requirement, then another line coding format is used.
In the bipolar 8 zero substitution (B8ZS) scheme, a string of eight
“0s” is replaced by a special sequence of eight bits that contains a
bipolar violation. The receiver, upon recognizing this sequence,
reinserts the eight “0s” and the data is recovered intact.
DS1/DSX-1 INTERFACE
When connecting the interface to the public switched network,
an ADTRAN-provided cross-over cable (part number
3125.M011@A) is required to meet FCC part 68 and IC CS03
requirements. This cable is required to cross-over the Tx and Rx
pairs to meet the connecting arrangement of a network interface
device. This cable is included with the BBP and is labelled “T1
Crossover.”
LINE BUILDOUT OR LBO
The DS1/DSX-1 interface provides two different types of line
buildouts (LBOs), respectively. When set for DS1, LBOs for 0␣ dB,
-7.5 dB, -15 dB, and -22 dB are available. The DS1 interface can
operate on line lengths up to 6,000 feet. When set for DSX-1
interface, LBOs for 0-133 feet, 266-399 feet, 399-533 feet, and
533-655 feet are available.
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SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B
Tracer SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
A Tracer system is composed of three major subsystems -- a
baseband processor, a radio frequency convertor, and an antenna.
The following section describes the system components.
BASEBAND PROCESSOR OR BBP
The BBP (ADTRAN part number 1280.003L1) is a 1-U, 19" rackmountable unit that provides the system electrical interfaces, user
controls and indicators, and performs the spread spectrum
processing for the system. The rear panel provides all of the
electrical interface points -- DS1/DSX-1 interface, DS1/DSX-1
monitor, VT-100 terminal, alarm contacts, IF signal, DC power
(from facility), and power (from AC adapter). The BBP and its
rear panel are illustrated in the figures below.
TRACER
TRACER
Figure 1-3. BBP
Figure 1-4. BBP Rear Panel
DS1/DSX-1 INTERFACE
Two DS1/DSX-1 interfaces, labelled “T1A” and “T1B,” are provided
for connecting to the T1 equipment. Two types of physical
interfaces are provided -- RJ-48C and bantam jacks.
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PAGE 7
TRACER DESCRIPTION
The interfaces are illustrated in the BBP Block Diagram below.
The functions of the BBP are partitioned into three printed circuit
boards or PCBs, all contained in the same enclosure.
RS-232
UART
T1A
T1
Baseband Processor Board
µC
T1C
Multiplex
T1B
Spread
Spectrum
Data
Pump
Viterbi
Encoder/
Decoder
T1
Fc = 140 MHz
IF
Filter
Σ
DSP
90
Fc = 70 MHz
90
IF Interface Board
-48Vdc
Figure 1-5. BBP Block Diagram
The DS1/DSX-1 interfaces provided for each channel are the same.
The upper bantam connectors, labeled “Monitor,” provide isolated
monitor points for testing. The lower bantam jacks provide signal
insertion points. The insertion of a bantam jack disconnects the
RJ-48C connector from the circuit. The DS1/DSX-1 interface can
operate on line lengths up to 6000 feet.
When connecting either T1 interface to the public switched
network, an ADTRAN-provided cross-over cable (part number
3125.M011@A) is required to meet FCC part 68 and IC CS03
requirements. This cable is included with the BBP and is labelled
“T1 Crossover.” This cable is required to cross-over the TX and
RX pairs to meet the connecting arrangement of a network interface
device.
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SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B
For connections to other CPE-type equipment, such as an
ADTRAN TSU-100, a straight-through T1 cable is provided by
ADTRAN (part number 3127.004) and is included with the BBP.
VT-100 RS-232 INTERFACE
A serial interface port using RS-232C signal levels is provided for
attaching a VT-100-compatible terminal. The connection is made
via a DB-25 connector on the rear panel. The data rate is configured
for 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit.
ALARM CONTACTS
Two sets of alarm contacts are provided on the rear of the BBP:
major alarm and minor alarm. A major alarm indicates the radio
link is not operational. A minor alarm indicates that system
performance is degraded or that the T1 interfaces are experiencing
errors. Normally-open and Normally-closed contacts are provided
for both alarm types. Under normal operating conditions there is
no continuity between the Normally-open and Common contacts,
and, under an alarm condition, continuity between those contacts
exists. The Normally-closed and Common contacts normally have
continuity, while under alarm conditions, these contacts are open.
IF SIGNAL
The N-type connector on the rear panel provides the interface
point between the BBP and the RFC. This connection provides
the data signal, power, and configuration information to the RFC.
A coaxial cable (ADTRAN part number 3125.001@A) is provided
for connecting the BBP to the RFC for the rack-mount model .
Cable for connecting the BBP to a mast-mount RFC must be
provided by the customer after the length of cable has been
determined.
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PAGE 9
TRACER DESCRIPTION
AC/DC POWER
The unit receives power via one of two connectors. Power for the
entire system is provided by these interfaces. The three-pin circular
DIN connector is provided to connect an optional ADTRAN
desktop AC adapter (ADTRAN part number 1360.DSK24VL1),
providing 24 volts DC. The three-pin terminal block allows the
connection of any DC power source providing between 21 and 56
volts DC. The power consumption of the entire system is 30 watts.
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
The system may be configured via the front panel, which is
accessible behind a drop-down panel on the right half of the BBP.
The front panel is illustrated in the figure below.
Figure 1-6. BBP Front Panel (with door closed)
Figure 1-7. BBP Front Panel (with door open)
Options that are set from the front panel can be overridden via
the terminal interface. As a rule, a green LED indicates a good
situation, a red LED indicates an error situation, and a yellow LED
indicates a configuration option. LEDs indicating overall system
integrity are listed below.
Test .............. Red indicates that the self-test has completed and
failed
PWR ............. Green indicates that DC voltage is applied
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SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B
The LEDs associated with the DS1/DSX-1 interfaces are listed
below. There are two sections of identical indicators -- one for
each DS1/DSX-1 interface.
BPV .............. Red if the incoming T1 stream contains bipolar
violations
RED ............. Red if there is no signal present at the T1 interface
LPBK ............ Yellow if the T1 interface is in loopback
YEL/AIS ....... Flashes to indicate a T1 Yellow Alarm; remains On
(solid) to indicate an AIS alarm (when the DS1/DSX-1
is receiving a Blue code)
The LEDs indicating error conditions are listed below.
RF Low ................ Red indicates the received RF carrier level is too
low
Link Down ........... Radio path is down
The front panel pushbutton controls are listed below.
Reset .................... Reset the system
LBKA ................... Toggles the T1-A between no loopback and line
loopback
LBKB .................... Toggles the T1-B between no loopback and line
loopback
Plan Sel ................ Toggles between frequency plans A and B (must
match frequency plan cabling on RFC). Refer to
“Setting the RFC Frequency Plan” in Section 2 of
this manual.
Remote Test ......... Initiate a remote test across the RF link
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PAGE 11
TRACER DESCRIPTION
The monitor points provided on the front panel of the system are
listed below
I ............................ Demodulated received baseband output
Q .......................... Demodulated received baseband output
CLK ..................... Recovered clock for observing EYE pattern
RSSI ..................... DC voltage indicating strength of the received
signal at the antenna
+5 ......................... System 5 volts
-5 .......................... System -5 volts
+12 ....................... System +12 volts
-12 ........................ System -12 volts
RF PWR ............... Voltage supplying RF power
GND .................... System ground
RADIO FREQUENCY CONVERTER OR RFC
The radio frequency converter or RFC (ADTRAN part number
1280.005L1) provides the RF interface between the BBP and the
antenna.
The RFC module is illustrated in the figure below.
RSSI
GND TX-P
WR
RX
IF
TX
Figure 1-8. RFC Module
The RFC is partitioned, functionally, into two major components
-- the transmitter and the receiver. It is partitioned physically into
three printed circuit boards.
The major connections illustrated are the transmit signal, receive
signal, and the IF signal connection.
The three SMA connectors located on the RFC module provide
the transmitted RF, received RF, and IF connection points. Two
test points are provided for monitoring the received signal strength
indicator or RSSI. The voltage (relative to the GND test point)
present on this test point represents the level of the received signal.
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SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B
This signal is used to align the antenna during installation and to
verify that the link is performing as designed. A third test point is
provided to monitor the transmitter output power during system
configuration.
The only connections that must be made in the field are a coax
connection between the BBP and the RFC and a coax connection
between the RFC and the antenna.
The “IF” connector provides the connection between the BBP and
the rack or mast-mounted RFC. (A blue 6-inch IF cable [ADTRAN
part number 3125.001@A] is provided for rack-mount systems.
ADTRAN does not provide IF cable for mast-mount systems.) The
“ANTENNA” connector provides the connection between the RFC
and the antenna.
A block diagram of the RFC functions is shown in the figure below.
Rx
SAW
2018
2058
Splitter
LPF
333
AGC
IF
Tx
PA
Splitter
2321
2281
AGC
RF2
Figure 1-9. RFC Function Block Diagram
The RFC unit is enclosed in a metal housing measuring
approximately 10.5" x 5.5" x 1" and may be mounted in a 1-U
nineteen-inch rack space or in a weather-tight enclosure suitable
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TRACER DESCRIPTION
for mast-mounting near the antenna for enhanced system
performance. The RFC mast-mount and rack-mount housings
are illustrated below.
Holes
for Mounting Bracket
Mounting Clearances
Housing Assembly and Guide
WARNING
Figure 1-10. Mast-Mount RFC Housing
TRACER
TRA
CER
Figure 1-11. Rack-Mount RFC Housing
ANTENNA
Tracer is intended to be coupled with an antenna that is directional
and provides signal gain. There are several reasons for this
requirement:
• Tracer operates in point-to-point applications; therefore, an
omnidirectional antenna is not needed.
• The FCC provides no recourse in this band in the event of nearby
interference, so a highly directional antenna reduces the
likelihood of interference in the antenna pattern.
• The low power transmitter is intended to be used with a highgain antenna for long links.
The antenna requirements are listed below.
Minimum gain .................... 15 dBi
Minimum return loss .......... 15 dB
Connector ........................... N-type
Impedance ........................... 50Ω
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61280.003L1-1B
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PAGE 15
SECTION 2
INSTALLATION
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for
an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy.
If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may
cause interference to radio communications.
The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such
interference in a residential situation. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or
television.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected
receiver.
• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets
on separate circuits.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
WARNING
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
SHIELDED CABLES
A shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission
limits and also to prevent interference with nearby radio and television
reception when using the AC voltage adapter. It is essential that only
the Adtran-provided power cord be used.
4/12/99
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61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 2
FCC OUTPUT POWER RESTRICTIONS
The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. However,
the FCC has established restrictions regarding maximum output power
and the adjustments required when employing directional gain antennae.
(Refer to “Setting the Transmitter Power” in Section 2 of this manual).
These restrictions are detailed in FCC Part 15.247 (b)(1), (b)(3)(i), and
(3)(iii). It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and
implementing the radio system to assure compliance with these and any
other pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be
professionally installed.
EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY FIELDS
This device is designed to provide a maximum power output of 100 mW.
This level of RF energy in itself is below the Maximum Permissible
Exposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installation
of high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may create
the opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for the
general population at a distance less than one meter from the center of
the antenna. The following precautions must be taken during installation
of this equipment:
• The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows
exposure of the general population to the direct beam path of the
antenna at a distance less than one meter. Installation on towers,
masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is
recommended; or
• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from
entering the area within one meter from the front of the antenna
• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the Tracer
equipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presence
on the coaxial connector.
• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand in
front of the antenna assembly.
• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handle
or touch the front of the antenna.
These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general population
and installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess of
specified MPE levels.
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PAGE 17
INSTALLATION
UNPACK, INSPECT
Carefully inspect the Tracer for any shipping damages. If damage
is suspected, file a claim immediately with the carrier then contact
ADTRAN Customer Service. If possible, keep the original shipping
container for use in shipping the Tracer back for repair or for
verification of damage during shipment.
Before beginning installation, verify that all of the following
components are present.
RACK-MOUNTED RFC CONFIGURATION:
Provided by ADTRAN -• Baseband processor
• Rack-mounted RFC
• BBP to RFC IF interconnect cable
• DS1/DSX-1 interface cables (RJ-48 to RJ-48)
Provided by customer -• Antenna feedline cable
• Antenna and mounting hardware
• VT-100 terminal and RS-232 interface cable (optional)
• 21 to 56 volt DC power source (available from ADTRAN), either
polarity referenced to ground
MAST-MOUNTED RFC CONFIGURATION:
Provided by ADTRAN -• Baseband processor
• Mast-mounted RFC
• DS1/DSX-1 interface cables (RJ-48 to RJ-48)
Provided by customer -• Antenna feedline cable
• Antenna and mounting hardware
• BBP to mast-mounted RFC IF interconnect cable
• VT-100 terminal and RS-232 interface cable (optional)
• 21 to 56 volt DC power source (available from ADTRAN), either
polarity referenced to ground
4/12/99
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61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 2
INSTALLATION
LOCATION
Install the Tracer in a location that requires minimal antenna
feedline length (the loss in this cable directly affects overall system
performance). When the DS1/DSX-1 interface is configured for
DS1 line buildouts, it can operate at lengths up to 6000 feet.
POWER REQUIREMENTS
The system power may be obtained from a DC power source if
available, or an optional AC adapter available from ADTRAN. The
Tracer can operate from a power supply between 21 and 56 volts
DC, with either polarity referenced to ground, and consumes 30
watts of power.
GROUNDING
The following grounding instructions are derived from the
Underwriters’ Laboratory UL 1459 Standard for Safety: Telephone
Equipment dated September 20, 1993.
An equipment grounding conductor that is no smaller in size
than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors is to
be installed as part of the circuit that supplies the product or
system. Bare, covered, or insulated grounding conductors are
acceptable. Individually covered or insulated equipment
grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that
is either green, or green with one or more yellow stripes. The
equipment grounding conductor is to be connected to ground
at the service equipment.
The attachment-plug receptacles in the vicinity of the product
or system are all to be of a grounding type, and the equipment
grounding conductors serving these receptacles are to be
connected to earth ground at the service equipment.
A supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be
installed between the product or system and ground that is in
addition to the equipment grounding conductor in the power
supply cord.
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61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 19
INSTALLATION
The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall not
be smaller in size than the undergrounded branch-circuit supply
conductors. The supplementary equipment grounding
conductor shall be connected to the product at the terminal
provided, and shall be connected to ground in a manner that
will retain the ground connection when the product is
unplugged from the receptacle. The connection to ground of
the supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be
in compliance with the rules for terminating bonding jumpers
at Part K or Article 250 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/
NFPA 70. Termination of the supplementary equipment
grounding conductor is permitted to be made to building steel,
to a metal electrical raceway system, or to any grounded item
that is permanently and reliably connected to the electrical
service equipment ground.
Bare, covered, or insulated grounding conductors are
acceptable. A covered or insulated grounding conductor shall
have a continuous outer finish that is either green, or green
with one or more yellow stripes.
The supplemental equipment grounding terminals are located on
the rear of the BBP adjacent to the power connectors and on the
rear of the rack-mounted RFC.
DS1/DSX-1 INTERFACE
The rear panel of the Tracer has two sets of jacks labeled T1A and
T1B which provide the same functionality. The pin assignments
for the eight-position modular jack are listed below.
Pin
Name
Function
1 ........... R ................... Send data (ring)
2 ........... T ................... Send data (tip)
3 .................................. Not used
4 ........... R1 ................. Receive data (ring)
5 ........... T1 ................. Receive data (tip)
6 .................................. Not used
7 .................................. Not used
8 .................................. Not used
Bantam jack connections are provided for test equipment access.
Data is received on the jack labelled “IN” and is transmitted on
the jack labelled “OUT.” Bantam jacks are provided for both
inserting and monitoring the interfaces. When a plug is placed in
the insert jack, the connection between the modular jack and the
4/12/99
PAGE 20
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 2
interface circuitry is broken. The monitor jacks provide access to
monitor the transmitted and received signals without interference.
When connecting either T1 interface to the public switched
network, an ADTRAN-provided crossover cable (part number
3125.M011@A) is required to meet FCC part 68 and IC CS03
requirements. This cable is required to cross-over the Tx and Rx
pairs to meet the connecting arrangement of a network interface
device. This cable, labelled “T1 Crossover,” is included with the
BBP.
For connections to other CPE-type equipment, such as an
ADTRAN TSU-100, a straight-through T1 cable (ADTRAN part
number 3127.004) is included with the BBP.
Each DS1/DSX-1 interface must be configured for line code and
framing, either from the front-panel rocker switches or via the
VT-100 terminal. The choices for line code are AMI and B8ZS.
The options for framing are SF and ESF. Each channel can be
configured independently of the other and should be configured
to match the attached T1 equipment.
The line build-out (LBO) must be set for each DS1/DSX-1 interface.
The LBO setting allows each DS1/DSX-1 interface transmitter to
drive the interface with the correct signal strength based on the
line attenuation between Tracer and the attached equipment. The
LBO is independently set for each interface via rotary switches on
the front panel. Two sets of configurations are provided -- DSX-1
for short-haul interface (less than 655 feet) and DS1 for long-haul
interfaces (greater than 655 feet). The settings are detailed below.
Switch
Interface Type
LBO
Setting
DSX-1 ................... 0-133 feet .................... 2, 3
DSX-1 ................... 133-266 feet ................ 4
DSX-1 ................... 266-399 ....................... 5
DSX-1 ................... 399-533 ....................... 6
DSX-1 ................... 533-655 feet ................ 7
DS1 ....................... 0 dB ............................. 8
DS1 ....................... -7.5 dB ......................... 9
DS1 ....................... -15 dB .......................... 10
DS1 ....................... -22.5 dB ....................... 11
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PAGE 21
INSTALLATION
LINK PLANNING
IMPORTANT
The appropriate transmitter power must be
calculated as part of the link planning.
The factors that must be taken into account when planning a link
are optimal received signal level, transmitter power, antenna
feedline loss (each end), antenna gain (each end), free space path
loss, and required fade margin.
IMPORTANT
The optimal signal level for the receiver is -60 dBm.
ANTENNA FEEDLINE LOSS
Feedline loss is a function of feedline type and length. Feedline
loss per 100 feet for several types of coax at IF and RF frequencies
is detailed in the table below. The IF loss applies to BBP/RFC
interconnection, and the RF loss applies to RFC/antenna
interconnection. Antenna manufacturers’ specifications may vary.
IF Loss/100 feet
RF Loss/100 feet
Cable
(in dB)
(in dB)
RG58 ......................... 5.7 ................................ 80
RG8 (air) ................... 2.7 ................................ 20
“Aircell” .................... 2.4 .............................. 11.55
RG8 (foam) ................. 2 ................................... 9
“Aircomm” ............... 1.37 .............................. 6.55
/4" Waveguide ......... 1.42 .............................. 5.91
/8" Waveguide ......... 1.25 .............................. 5.76
/2" Waveguide ......... 0.81 .............................. 3.83
/8" Waveguide ......... 0.44 ............................... 2.2
1 1/4" Waveguide ...... 0.33 .............................. 1.62
1 5/8" Waveguide ...... 0.27 .............................. 1.41
4/12/99
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61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 2
ANTENNA GAIN
Best performance will result from the use of a parabolic dish
antenna. Antenna gain is determined by the size of the dish, with
typical figures detailed below. Dish manufacturers will be able to
supply gains for other types of antenna.
Dish Diameter
Gain
(in feet)
(in dBi)
2 ...................... 21
4 ...................... 27
6 ...................... 31
8 ...................... 33
10 ..................... 35
12 ..................... 37
PATH LOSS
The free space path loss is given by
Loss(dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10f + 20log10D
where
D is distance in miles
f is operating frequency in GHz
A tabulation of various path loss is given below.
Link Distance
(in miles)
Path Loss
(in dB)
1 ........................... 104
2 ........................... 110
3 ........................... 114
4 ........................... 116
5 ........................... 118
6 ........................... 120
7 ........................... 121
8 ........................... 122
9 ........................... 123
10 ......................... 124
11 ......................... 125
12 ......................... 126
Link Distance
(in miles)
Path Loss
(in dB)
13 ......................... 126
14 ......................... 127
15 ......................... 128
16 ......................... 128
17 ......................... 129
18 ......................... 129
19 ......................... 129
20 ......................... 130
21 ......................... 130
22 ......................... 131
23 ......................... 131
24 ......................... 132
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PAGE 23
INSTALLATION
PATH AVAILABILITY
The availability of a path can be expressed by:
availability = (1 - C x T x 2.5 x 10-6 x f x D3 x 10-F/10) x 100%
where
C is the climate factor
T is the terrain factor
f is the frequency in GHz
D is the path length in miles
F is the fade margin in dB
Climate factors are given below.
Climate
Climate
Factor
Very Dry .............. 1/8
Temperate ............ 1/4
Humid ................. 1/2
Terrain factors are listed below
Terrain
Terrain
Factor
Smooth .................... 4
Average .................... 1
Mountainous ........... 1/4
The nominal received signal level is -60 dBm. For help in link
planning, use the path loss calculation worksheet below.
4/12/99
- 91 dBm
Minimum Signal Power
+ _______
Transmitter Feedline Loss
- _______
Transmitter Antenna Gain
+ _______
Path Loss
- _______
Receiver Antenna Gain
+ _______
Receiver Feedline Loss
+ _______
Required Fade Margin
= _______
(dBm) Transmitter Power Setting
PAGE 24
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 2
SETTING THE TRANSMITTER POWER
The FCC specifies the maximum transmitter power that may be
used for antennae of a given gain. FCC rules Part 15, Subpart 247
allow for a maximum power of 1 watt into antennae of a gain less
than or equal to 6 dBi. For every 3 dB of gain over 6 dBi, the
transmitter must be reduced by 1 dB. The following table lists the
maximum transmitter power for given antennae gains.
Antenna
Gain
6 dBi .........
12 dBi .......
18 dBi .......
24 dBi .......
30 dBi .......
36 dBi .......
Power
30 dBm
28 dBm
26 dBm
24 dBm
22 dBm
20 dBm (Tracer’s maximum power
output)
The transmitter power is set by way of a potentiometer on the
front panel of the BBP or via the configuration page of the interface
VT-100. The RFC must be attached by way of the IF cable during
this operation. Attach an RF power meter to the N-type antenna
connector on the RFC, and adjust the power by way of the
potentiometer or VT-100 until the desired transmitter power is
obtained. For convenience, the transmitter power adjustment
should be made before the RFC is installed on the mast.
SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLAN
The frequency plan designates on which frequencies the Tracer
transmits and receives. Plan A corresponds to a transmitting (Tx)
frequency of 2422 MHz and a receive (Rx) frequency of 2462 MHz.
Plan B corresponds to a Tx frequency of 2462 MHz and a Rx
frequency of 2422 MHz. Shipment of a link consists of one RFC
set to Plan A and the other set to Plan B unless specified otherwise.
The RFC plan can, however, be changed in the field if required.
This procedure involves two steps:
• Configuring the RFC interconnect
• Informing the BBP of the correct Plan
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PAGE 25
INSTALLATION
To reconfigure the RFC interconnect, do the following:
1. Remove the four screws which retain the RFC cover and remove
the cover.
2421
Anten
na
PLAN
2462
2. The RF unit may be identified by following the connection from
the port labelled “IF” on the rear of the RFC. This connection
terminates at the RF unit. The diplexer may be identified by
following the connection from the “Antenna” port on the rear
of the RFC. This connection terminates at the circulator, which
in turn is connected to the diplexer, illustrated in the figure
below.
Figure 2-1. Diplexer
3. Unscrew the cable assemblies from the ports labelled “Tx” and
“Rx” on the RFC, and the ports labelled “2422” and “2462” on
the diplexer, depending on the frequency Plan (Plan A or Plan
B).
4. Unscrew the cable assembly from the port labelled “Antenna”
on the diplexer.
5. Remove the four screws from the bottom of the RFC that hold
the diplexer in place.
6. Turn the diplexer over revealing the opposite frequency plan
(from Plan A to Plan B, or vice versa).
7. Realign the diplexer with the screw holes and replace the four
screws that attach it to the bottom of the RFC.
8. Re-attach the loose cable assembly (from step 4) to the port
labelled “Antenna” on the diplexer.
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61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 2
9. Re-attach the cable assemblies from the ports labelled “Tx” and
“Rx” on the RFC, and the ports labelled “2422” and “2462” on
the diplexer. Cable connections should be aligned to each other
as follows.
Plan A
Tx = 2422
Rx = 2462
Plan B
Tx = 2462
Rx = 2422
10. Replace and secure the RFC cover.
CONNECTING THE BBP AND THE RFC
The BBP and the RFC are connected by an IF cable, either supplied
by ADTRAN (for rack-mount assembly) or by the customer (for
mast-mount assembly). This single connection provides
everything the RFC requires. The cable assembly attaches to the
ports labeled “IF” on the BBP and the RFC.
APPLYING POWER
If the ADTRAN-supplied tabletop power source is used, simply
plug it into the circular receptacle located in the “DC Power” area
on the rear of the BBP. If a source of 21 to 56 volts DC (30 watts),
either polarity referenced to ground, is available, it may be attached
to the terminal block located on the rear of the BBP. The positive
lead should be attached to the “+” side of the block and the negative
lead should be attached to the “-” side of the block.
CAUTION
Power sources must not be attached to both the circular
connector and the terminal blocks at the same time or
damage will occur.
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PAGE 27
INSTALLATION
SETTING THE BBP FREQUENCY PLAN
Upon the initial application of power, the BBP will default to the
factory-preset Frequency Plan, or to the Frequency Plan in use
when the unit was last powered-down. The BBP attached to the
RFC configured for Plan B must be set to Plan B by pressing the
“Plan” switch on the front panel. The LED will indicate which
frequency plan is active. On subsequent reboots, such as after a
loss of power, the BBP will default to the most recently-used Plan
setting.
SPREADING CODE
The spreading code for each end must be the same. The choice of
operating code is selectable by the operator or the installer. Tracer
is shipped in a matched (default) configuration.
WARNING
It is possible for the spreading code to be changed remotely through
the VT-100 interface from the other end of the link. When this is
performed, communications will be lost to the far end. The spreading
code will change to code “0” and communications will be lost as
soon as this change is made. If this happens, set the Spreading
Code on the local unit to code “0”. The units should regain
communications as soon as the correct code is selected.
CO-LOCATING MULTIPLE 2.4 GHZ SYSTEMS
When multiple 2.4 GHz transmitters are to be co-located (installed
in the same equipment room or on the same tower), it is advised
to set all systems as follows:
1.
2.
4/12/99
If more than one 2.4 GHz system is transmitting from the same
location, set the antenna polarity of one system horizontal and
the other system(s) vertical. (The antennas should be marked
as to which mounting position is vertical or horizontal.) This
will provide approximately 30 dB of isolation between the
different antennas.
If more than one Tracer system is installed, set the co-located
transmitters to the same frequency plan (example: Plan A,
Tx=2422; or Plan B, Tx=2462) and set each to a different
spreading code. This keeps the transmitters on the additional
system(s) from interfering with the co-located receiver(s).
PAGE 28
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 2
3.
If the systems are from different manufacturers, set the transmit
frequencies as close as possible with different spreading codes.
Other manufacturers may not use the exact frequency plans as
the Tracer system, but keeping the frequencies close will reduce
the probability of the transmitter(s) interfering with the colocated receiver(s).
This equipment is authorized under CFR 47 Part 15.247. With
this authorization by the FCC, this equipment shall not be colocated with a similar transmitter that transmits identical
information.
ANTENNA ALIGNMENT
After the transmitter power for each end has been adjusted and
the BBP and RFC have been installed and connected, the antenna
should be connected to the RFC via the feedline. The antennas
should be aimed toward one another as precisely as possible and
the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) voltage measured.
The RSSI voltage is a function of the signal strength at the receiver
and is used to measure the received signal strength. RSSI varies
approximately from 0 to 4 volts, with 0 volts corresponding to a
weaker received signal and 4 volts corresponding to a stronger
received signal.
RF LOW
The “RF Low” LED indicates that the received signal is within
10dB of the minimum received signal strength (~-80 dBm). If
this indicator is on, the link performance may be marginal. The
antennas should be peaked in azimuth and elevation until the
desired signal level is achieved. RSSI may be monitored on either
the RF unit or the front of the BBP. If the received signal is too
strong and RSSI reaches a maximum such that the peak cannot be
discerned, then the transmitter on the far end should be turned
down.
At this point the radio link should be operational. Proper operation
can be determined by the status of the “LINK ERR” LED. If this
LED is on, the link is not operational. If this LED is not on, the
link is operating. Certain types of interference can cause one end
of a path to operate and the other end to fail. In some instances,
this may be corrected by swapping the frequency plan at each
end, thus avoiding the interference if it is stronger at one end
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 29
INSTALLATION
than the other. Changing the spreading code at each end may
also allow interference to be mitigated.
REMOTE BERT
The Tracer includes a Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) to verify that
the installed system is operating correctly. When the “Remote
Test” button is pushed on the local BBP, the remote end will send
a BERT pattern for approximately ten seconds. The “Remote TST”
indicator will turn yellow and remain on for the duration of the
test. If no bit errors are detected, the “Remote TST” indicator will
turn off. If any bit errors are detected, the “Remote Fail” indicator
will turn red. This test should be run after the radio link has been
aligned. If the test fails, refer to Section 4, “Troubleshooting,” for
guidance.
ALARM CONTACTS
Two sets of alarm contacts are provided on the rear of the BBP:
major alarm and minor alarm. A major alarm indicates the radio
link is not operational. A minor alarm indicates that system
performance is degraded or that the T1 interfaces are experiencing
errors. Normally-open and Normally-closed contacts are provided
for both alarm types. Under normal operating conditions there is
no continuity between the Normally-open and Common contacts
and under an alarm condition continuity between those contacts
exists. The Normally-closed and Common contacts normally have
continuity, while under alarm conditions, these contacts are open.
4/12/99
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61280.003L1-1B
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61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 31
SECTION 3
OPERATION
VT-100 USER INTERFACE
The Tracer may be accessed with a VT-100 compatible terminal
set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, and no parity, connected
to the RS-232 port on the back of the unit. Once a terminal is
connected, pressing the ESC key will present the System Status
screen. If password access has been enabled, then press “Enter”
or “Return” in order to see the “Enter Password:” message. Tracer
is shipped with password protection disabled.
RS-232 INTERFACE
The Tracer has an RS-232 interface for system management via an
attached VT-100 terminal, personal computer, or modem. The
RS-232 port is configured as a DCE with the following pin
assignments:
Signal
Pin
Name
Number
Direction
TXD .................. 2 ............... To Tracer
RXD .................. 3 ............... From Tracer
RTS ................... 4 ............... To Tracer
CTS ................... 5 ............... From Tracer
DSR .................. 6 ............... From Tracer
Ground ............. 7
CABLE CONNECTIONS
The cable connections required for various configurations are
detailed in Appendix A of this manual.
4/12/99
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61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 3
PASSWORD
Tracer provides optional password protection of the terminal
interface. If enabled, a password prompt is presented at powerup, reboot, or after thirty minutes of inactivity on the terminal.
The default configuration is “No password.” Password protection
is enabled via the configuration menu. The password is also set
via the configuration menu.
If the password is forgotten, physical access to Tracer is required
to access the terminal interface. The password may be bypassed
by holding in the LPBK A button while the system is rebooted.
This will bring up the terminal interface and allow the password
to be changed or disabled via the configuration screen.
CAUTION
This procedure is service-affecting.
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PAGE 33
OPERATION
MAIN MENU SELECTIONS
SYSTEM STATUS PAGE
This page displays the status of major system components. This
is a status screen only; no configurations can be performed. More
detailed information can be obtained by way of the Main Menu.
Current System Status
Elapsed Time 00:14:59
____
ADTRAN Technical Support - 800/726-8663
____
T1A ===| |-------------------[RF UP]-------------------->| |=== T1A
| |
| |
T1B ===| |<------------------[RF UP]---------------------| |=== T1B
------Local Tracer
Remote Tracer
Freq Plan A
Freq Plan B
Tx Pwr Rx Pwr
Tx Pwr Rx Pwr
+20dBm[X]
[X] Nominal
+20dBm[X]
[X] Nominal
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
Site: ADTRAN
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
Code Sync:
Yes
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
Carrier Sync: Yes
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
T1 Mux Sync:
Yes
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
Chipping Code: 9
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
[X]
-15dXm[X]
[X] Minimum
-15dBm[X]
[X] Minimum
=======================================================================
Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:
Figure 3-1. System Status Page
The upper portion of the screen indicates how long the system
has been running since the last reset operation. The “T1A” and
“T1B” labels will be highlighted if any error conditions exist on
that T1 interface.
The status of the radio link is indicated as Up or Down. The left
portion of the screen reports the status of the local system (the
system to which the terminal is attached); the right portion reports
the status of the remote system. The approximate transmitter
and receiver signal levels are shown via the “fuel gauges.” If the
link is down and remote end data is unavailable, the fuel gauges
will show “-” instead of “x.” The Code Sync, Carrier Sync, and T1
Mux Sync will all be “yes” for an operational link. Chipping code
indicates the code to which the system is set. At any point in the
VT-100 menu structure, pressing the Escape key will bring the
operator back to this screen.
4/12/99
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61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 3
MAIN MENU PAGE
Pressing “M” on any screen will take the user to the Main Menu,
from which the subsequent screens can be accessed.
TRACER Main Menu, Rev: A
Site: Adtran
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
T1 Status Page
T1A Performance History
T1B Performance History
Alarm Page
Test Menu
Configuration Menu
Remote Access
=====================================================================
Press ESC for System Status:
Figure 3-2. Main Menu Page
T1 STATUS PAGE
The status of the two T1 interfaces is displayed on this screen.
Information such as alarm status, T1 receive levels, line coding,
and framing type are shown. This is a status screen only.
TRACER T1 Status Menu
Site: Adtran
Loop/Normal State
Received Signl Lvl
RX LOS (Red) Alarm
RX AIS (Blue) Alarm
RX Yellow Alarm
TX AIS (Blue) Alarm
Framing
Line Code
Line Build Out
T1A
T1B
Normal
+2dB to -7.5dB
No
No
No
No
ESF (*)
B8ZS (*)
DS1 -7.5 dB (*)
Normal
+2dB to -7.5dB
No
No
No
No
ESF (*)
B8ZS (*)
DS1 -7.5 dB (*)
(*) Indicates last set by front panel. Otherwise last set by terminal.
=====================================================================
Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:
Figure 3-3. T1 Status Page
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 35
OPERATION
CHANNEL A STATISTICS PAGE
This screen presents detailed error statistics for T1A. The data is
presented as Errored Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds. The
counts for the most recent 24 hours are recorded in 15-minute
increments. Twenty-four-hour totals are recorded for the most
recent days.
TRACER T1A Performance History
Site: Adtran
24 Hour Registers
15 Minute Registers
---ES---SES---ES-SES---------------ES-SES0000 00000
<— Current —>
000 000
-1: ----- -----1: 000 000
-17: --- ---2: ----- -----2: --- ---18: --- ---3: ----- -----3: --- ---19: --- ---4: ----- -----4: --- ---20: --- ---5: ----- -----5: --- ---21: --- ---6: ----- -----6: --- ---22: --- ---7: ----- -----7: --- ---23: --- ---8: --- ---24: --- ---9: --- ---25: --- ---10: --- ---26: --- ---11: --- ---27: --- ---12: --- ---28: --- ---13: --- ---29: --- ---14: --- ---30: --- ---15: --- ---31: --- ---16: --- ---32: --- --=======================================================================
Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:
Figure 3-4. Channel A Statistics Page
CHANNEL B STATISTICS PAGE
This screen presents detailed error statistics for T1B. The data is
presented as Errored Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds. The
counts for the most recent 24 hours are recorded in 15-minute
increments. Twenty-four-hour totals are recorded for the most
recent days.
TRACER T1B Performance History
Site: Adtran
24 Hour Registers
15 Minute Registers
---ES---SES---ES-SES---------------ES-SES00000 00000
<-- Current -->
000 000
-1: ----- -----1: 000 000
-17: --- ---2: ----- -----2: --- ---18: --- ---3: ----- -----3: --- ---19: --- ---4: ----- -----4: --- ---20: --- ---5: ----- -----5: --- ---21: --- ---6: ----- -----6: --- ---22: --- ---7: ----- -----7: --- ---23: --- ---8: --- ---24: --- ---9: --- ---25: --- ---10: --- ---26: --- ---11: --- ---27: --- ---12: --- ---28: --- ---13: --- ---29: --- ---14: --- ---30: --- ---15: --- ---31: --- ---16: --- ---32: --- --=====================================================================
Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:
Figure 3-5. Channel B Statistics Page
4/12/99
PAGE 36
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 3
ALARM PAGE
This screen presents alarm information for the system. The T1A
or T1B alarms are described in the chapter entitled
“Troubleshooting.” If any of the T1A or T1B alarms are active, a
minor alarm will be indicated at the alarm contacts. The RF link
alarm will be activated when communication between the BBP
and the RFC has failed. Code Sync, Carrier Sync, and T1 Mux
Framer alarms indicate that various portions of the spread
spectrum data pump are not operating. Any of these alarms will
cause a major alarm to be activated at the alarm contacts.
TRACER Alarm Page
Site: Adtran
Code Sync Alarm
Carrier Sync Alarm
T1Mux Framer Alarm
RX LOS (Red) Alarm
RX AIS (Blue) Alarm
RX Yellow Alarm
BPV Alarm
TX AIS (Blue) Alarm
Off
Off
Off
T1A
T1B
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
=====================================================================
Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:
Figure 3-6. Alarm Page
TEST MENU
This screen allows each T1 to be put into loopback mode.
TRACER Test Menu
Site: Adtran
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Local T1A Line Loopback
Local T1B Line Loopback
Local T1A Link Loopback
Local T1B Link Loopback
Remote T1A Link Loopback
Remote T1B Link Loopback
=====================================================================
Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:
Figure 3-7. Test Menu
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 37
OPERATION
Each menu selection is described below:
1. Loops the local T1-A Interface towards the local
equipment.
2. Loops the local T1-B Interface towards the local
equipment.
3. Loops the local T1-A interface towards the remote
equipment, over the RF Link.
4. Loops the local T1-B interface towards the remote
equipment, over the RF Link.
5. Loops the remote T1-A Interface towards the local
equipment, over the RF Link.
6. Loops the remote T1-B Interface towards the local
equipment, over the RF Link.
T1-A
y,,y ,yy,,yy,
yy
,,
,y,y ,y,y
T1-A
T1-B
customer
customer
customer
customer
customer
customer
RF Link
T1-B
Local
Remote
Figure 3-8. T1 Loopback Locations
CONFIGURATION MENU
This screen allows all system configurations to be performed.
TRACER Configuration Menu
Site: Adtran
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
T1A Framing
T1A Line Code
T1A Line Build Out
T1B Framing
T1B Line Code
T1B Line Build Out
Set Chipping Code
Set TX Power
Set Freq Plan
Reset all statistics
Enable/Disable Password
Change Password
Change Site ID
Enable/Disable T1B
=====================================================================
Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:
Figure 3-9. Configuration Menu
4/12/99
PAGE 38
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 3
The menu selections are described below.
T1A and T1B Framing allow each T1 to be configured for SF or
ESF framing.
T1A and T1B Line Code allow each T1 to be configured for AMI or
B8ZS.
T1A and T1B Line Buildout allow each T1 to be configured for the
appropriate line buildout, based on the distance to the T1
equipment.
WARNING
It is possible for the spreading code to be changed remotely through
the VT-100 interface from the other end of the link. When this is
performed, communications will be lost to the far end. The
spreading code will change to code “0” and communications will
be lost as soon as this change is made. If this happens, set the
Spreading Code on the local unit to code “0.” The units should
regain communications as soon as the correct code is selected.
Set Chipping Code allows the chipping code to be selected. Each
end of the link must be configured for the same chipping code.
Set Tx Power allows the transmitter power to be adjusted.
Set Freq Plan allows the frequency plan to be set to A or B. One
end of a link must be set to A and the other set to B. The
setting of the BBP must match the attached RFC. For further
information, see “Setting the RFC Frequency Plan” in the
“Installation” chapter of this manual.
Reset All Statistics resets all the error counters.
Enable/Disable Password allows password protection to be enabled
or disabled. The default setting is Disabled.
Change Password allows the password to be set.
Site ID allows a string of up to 32 characters to be entered as a site
identifier.
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 39
SECTION 4
TROUBLESHOOTING
GENERAL
If you experience a problem with the Tracer system, check to
ensure that all connectors, coaxial cables, antennae and T1s are
all properly connected; and that the system configuration ensures
proper transmit and receive levels for the RF equipment. Then, if
the problem persists, follow the actions recommended in this
section. For further assistance, call ADTRAN Technical Support
at (800)␣ 726-8663.
NOTE
Each Tracer is completely system-tested and all
specifications verified prior to shipment. Most problems
on a new link tend to have installation-related solutions,
but in some cases, the equipment may be at fault.
4/12/99
PAGE 40
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 4
PROBLEM DESCRIPTIONS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
Each problem described below is followed by a list of Possible
Causes, each of which is followed by a number (or numbers)
corresponding to a Recommended Action (or Actions).
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE FRONT PANEL INDICATORS
“LINK ERROR” LIGHT IS LIT, OR LINK IS DOWN
This alarm will activate when the RF link is not operational.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• The RF link is down. .................................................................... 1-10
• The RX power is below the -91 dbm threshold. .................... 1-4,7-10
• The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting
low power ................................................................................ 1-4,7-10
• The RF path is not aligned. ....................................................... 1,2,10
• Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................... 1,4
• Both units are set to the same frequency. ..................................... 5,10
• Both units are not set to the same PN code. ..................................... 6
• The connection between the BBP and the RFC
is faulty. ...................................................................................... 1,7-10
• The connection between the RFC and the
antenna is faulty. ........................................................................ 1,7-10
• The BBP or RFC is faulty. ................................................................. 10
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage.
Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit
power.
Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for
proper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and check
system path engineering.
Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.
Change the frequency of one radio through the VT-100 user interface
or front panel button.
Set both units to the same PN code.
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 41
TROUBLESHOOTING
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.
Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.
Check the connections inside the mast-mount or rack-mount RFC.
Replace the RFC.
“BPV” LIGHT ON T1-A OR B IS LIT
This alarm will activate when the incoming T1 stream presents
BPVs.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• The incoming T1 contains BPVs or errors. ....................................... 1
• The line codes between DS1/DSX-1 equipment
and the Tracer are incompatible. ....................................................... 2
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
Check the incoming DS1/DSX-1 signal for BPVs using a T1 test set.
Correct the line code on the Tracer or DS1/DSX-1 equipment.
RED LIGHT ON T1-A OR B IS LIT
This alarm (Loss of Signal) will activate when there is no signal
present at the T1 interface.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• No DS1/DSX-1 signal or a degraded DS1/DSX-1
signal is present at the DS1/DSX-1 input. ...................................... 1,2
• The connection at the T1 input or DS1/DSX-1
equipment is faulty. ............................................................................ 2
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
4/12/99
Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jack
using a T1 test set.
Verify that all cables and connectors are correctly wired.
PAGE 42
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 4
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
“LBK-A” OR “LBK-B” IS LIT
This alarm will activate when a software or manual T1 loopback
has been established.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• A loopback has been commanded from the
VT-100 user interface. .................................................................... 1,2
• The “LBK-A” or “LBK-B” button has been pressed. ....................... 1,2
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
Through the VT-100 user interface, deactivate the loopback in the
Loopback Menu.
Press the “LBK-A” or “LBK-B” button to deactivate the loopback.
“AIS/YEL” ON T1-A OR T1-B IS LIT
The AIS/YEL light will flash for AIS when the DS1/DSX-1 input
receives a “blue code” (a string of 2316 1s with no more than one
zero). The indicator will remain on (solid) if a YEL signal is present
on the T1.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• For AIS, the DS1/DSX-1 equipment is sending
a “blue code” (all 1s) to the T1 input. ........................................... 1,2
• For YEL, the received T1 is receiving a yellow
signal from the far-end T1, indicating the farend T1 is RED. ................................................................................ 3-5
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reset the T1 equipment and verify normal operation.
Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jack
using a T1 test set.
Check the far-end equipment for alarms or a red condition.
Check the T1 connections at the far-end equipment.
Reset the far-end equipment.
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 43
TROUBLESHOOTING
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
“AIS/YEL” INDICATOR IS FLASHING
This alarm is activated when the T1 interface at the remote end is
not receiving a T1 signal (it is in Red alarm). In this circumstance
the interface with the flashing AIS/YEL indicator is transmitting
an AIS (keep alive) signal.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• No DS1/DSX-1 signal or a degraded DS1/DSX-1
signal is present at the DS1/DSX-1 input. ..................................... 1,2
• The connection at the T1 input or DS1/DSX-1
equipment is faulty. ............................................................................ 2
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jack
using a T1 test set.
Verify that all cables and connectors are properly wired.
NO “POWER” LIGHT
POSSIBLE CAUSE
•
•
•
•
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
DC voltage is not applied. ........................................................... 1,2,4
The polarity of the power connection is reversed. ............................ 2
The AC transformer is not functioning properly. .......................... 3,4
The AC transformer is not connected to the DC
jack on the BBP, or not connected to AC outlet. ............................ 3,4
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
4/12/99
Verify that the DC voltage is between 21-56 VDC (±).
Verify that negative voltage is applied to the negative terminal, and
positive voltage applied to the positive terminal.
Verify that the “Power” light is lit on the AC transformer.
Verify that the AC transformer is connected to an AC power cord
on the transformer, and connected to the DC jack on the BBP. Verify
that the AC power cord is connected to an AC outlet. Verify that the
AC outlet has proper AC voltage present.
PAGE 44
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 4
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
“TEST”
LIGHT IS LIT OR BLINKING
The test alarm will remain on (solid) during power-up, indicating
a self-test is in progress. The light will flash or remain on (solid) if
the self-test fails.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• One-flash interval indicates a RAM test failure. ............................... 1
• Two-flash interval indicates the T1-C mux failed
internal test. ....................................................................................... 1
• Three-flash interval indicates the T1-A framer failed. ...................... 1
• Four-flash interval indicates the T1-B framer failed. ........................ 1
• Five-flash interval indicates a DSP failure. ........................................ 1
• On (solid) indicates a faulty internal component. ............................ 1
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
Replace the BBP or the RFC.
“TST” LIGHT IS LIT AFTER PRESSING “REMOTE TEST” BUTTON
The Remote Test light will activate during a remote test in progress.
The Remote Test performs a 10-second bit error rate test (BERT)
over the RF link to the far-end.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• A Remote Test has been activated from the front
panel “Remote Test” button or the VT-100 user
interface. ............................................................................................. 1
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
Allow the remote test to complete. If the Remote Test Fail light does
not activate, the remote test passed. If the Remote Test Fail light
activates, see section on FAIL light is lit after pressing Remote Test
button.
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 45
TROUBLESHOOTING
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
“FAIL” LIGHT IS LIT AFTER PRESSING “REMOTE TEST” BUTTON
The Remote Fail light will activate after a Remote Test has failed.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• The 10-second BERT has failed over the RF link to
the far-end. ......................................................................................... 1
• The RX power may be below or near the -91 dbm
threshold. ........................................................................................... 1
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
Check the RX power level using the VT-100 user interface or the
RSSI DC voltage test points. Verify the RX power is between -55 &
-91 dbm.
“RF LOW”
LIGHT IS ON
This alarm will activate if the RX power is below -80␣ dbm.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• The RX power is below -80 dBm. ............................................. 1-5,7,8
• The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting low
power. ........................................................................................ 2-5,7,8
• The RF path is not aligned. ............................................................ 3,8
• Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................... 4,8
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
4/12/99
Verify the RX power is between -55 & -91 dBm using the VT-100
user interface or RSSI DC voltage test points.
Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit
power.
Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for
proper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and check
system path engineering.
Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.
Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.
Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.
Check the connections inside the mast-mount or rack-mount RFC.
Replace the RFC.
PAGE 46
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 4
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE VT-100 USER INTERFACE
This section provides information for troubleshooting the Alarm
Menu on the VT-100 user interface. The conditions present in the
Alarm Menu are software indications and should match the front
panel LED indications.
RED ALARM
This alarm will activate when there is no signal present at the T1
interface. This alarm is the same as a RED alarm on the front
panel.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• No DS1/DSX-1 signal or a degraded DS1/DSX-1
signal is present at the DS1/DSX-1 input. ...................................... 1,2
• The connection at the T1 input or DS1/DSX-1
equipment is faulty. ............................................................................ 2
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jack
using a T1 test set.
Verify that all cables and connectors are correctly wired.
BPV ALARM
The BPV alarm will activate whenever the incoming T1 stream
presents BPVs.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• The incoming T1 contains BPVs or errors. ....................................... 1
• The line codes between the DS1/DSX-1
equipment and the Tracer are incompatible. .................................... 2
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 47
TROUBLESHOOTING
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
Check the incoming DS1/DSX-1 signal for BPVs using a T1 test set.
Correct the line code on the Tracer or DS1/DSX-1 equipment.
YEL/AIS ALARM
This alarm indicator will flash when a T1 Yellow alarm occurs.
The indicator will remain on (solid) to indicator an AIS alarm
when the DS1/DSX-1 is receiving a blue code (a string of 2316 1’s
with no more than 1 zero).
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• The DS1/DSX-1 equipment is sending a “blue code” (all 1’s)
to the T1 input. ............................................................................... 1,2
• The far-end equipment is in a red condition and
transmitting a yellow alarm. ........................................................... 3-5
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4/12/99
Reset the upstream equipment and verify normal operation.
Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jack
using a T1 test set.
Check the far-end equipment for alarms or a red condition.
Check the T1 connections at the far-end equipment.
Reset the far-end equipment.
PAGE 48
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 4
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
RF LINK ALARM OR CODE SYNC ALARM
The RF Link Alarm will activate when the link is down or not
operational.
The Code Sync Alarm will activate when data synchronization
has not been achieved between the RF link.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• The RF link is down. .................................................................... 1-10
• The RX power is below the -91 dbm threshold. .................... 1-4,7-10
• The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting
low power. ............................................................................... 1-4,7-10
• The RF path is not aligned. ....................................................... 1,3,10
• Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................... 1,4
• Both units are set to the same frequency. ..................................... 5,10
• Both units are not set to the same PN code. ..................................... 6
• The connection between the BBP and the RFC is
faulty. .......................................................................................... 1,7-10
• The connection between the RFC and the antenna is
faulty. .......................................................................................... 1,7-10
• The BBP or RFC is faulty. ................................................................. 10
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage.
Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit
power.
3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for
proper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and check
system path engineering.
4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.
5. Change the frequency of one radio through the VT-100 user interface
or front panel button.
6. Set both units to the same PN code.
7. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.
8. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.
9. Check connections inside the mast-mount or rack-mount RFC.
10. Replace the RFC.
1.
2.
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 49
TROUBLESHOOTING
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
CARRIER SYNC ALARM OR T1 MUX FRAMER ALARM
The Carrier Sync alarm will activate when frequency
synchronization has not been achieved between the RF link.
The T1 Mux Framer alarm will activate when synchronization
between the T1 mux on each radio has not been achieved.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• The RF link is down. .................................................................... 1-10
• The RX power is below the -91 dbm threshold. .................... 1-4,7-10
• The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting
low power. ............................................................................... 1-4,7-10
• The RF path is not aligned. ....................................................... 1,3,10
• Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................... 1,4
• Both units are set to the same frequency. ..................................... 5,10
• Both units are not set to the same PN code. ..................................... 6
• The connection between the BBP and the RFC is
faulty. .......................................................................................... 1,7-10
• The connection between the RFC and the antenna is
faulty. .......................................................................................... 1,7-10
• The BBP or RFC is faulty. ................................................................. 10
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage
(refer to RSSI voltage chart)
2. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit
power.
3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for
proper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and check
system path engineering.
4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.
5. Change the frequency of one radio through the VT-100 user interface
or front panel button.
6. Set both units to the same PN code.
7. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.
8. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.
9. Check connections inside the mast-mount or rack-mount RFC.
10. Replace the RFC.
1.
4/12/99
PAGE 50
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 4
IMPORTANT
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended
Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
ES VALUES IN T1 STATUS MENU
This value indicates the number of Errored Seconds in the T1
data stream.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• In an AMI-coded T1, a BPV or frame bit error has
occurred. ............................................................................................ 1
• In an ESF-coded T1, a BPV or CRC error has occurred. .................. 1
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1.
Check the T1 signal with a BERT test set to determine origin of
error.
SES VALUES IN HISTORY MENU
This value indicates the number of Severely Errored Seconds in
the T1 data stream.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
RECOMMENDED ACTION
(SEE LIST BELOW)
• In an AMI-coded T1, 1544 BPVs or 8 frame bit errors have
occurred. ............................................................................................ 1
• In an ESF-coded T1, 1544 BPVs or 320 CRC errors have
occurred. ............................................................................................ 1
RECOMMENDED ACTION:
1.
Check the T1 signal with a BERT test set to determine origin of
error.
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 51
SECTION 5
SPECIFICATIONS
This section lists the specifications for the Tracer system.
TRANSMITTER
Output Power ............................. +20 dBm, maximum
Frequency Range ........................ 2400 to 2483.5 MHz
Channel Bandwidth ................... 40 MHz (two channels)
I/F ............................................... 140 MHz
RECEIVER
Receive Level, range ................... -30 to -91 dBm (10-6 BER)
Receive Level, maximum ........... -30 dBm
Receive Level, nominal .............. -60 dBm
AGC Range ................................. 61 dBm
FREQUENCY PLAN
Plan A ......................................... Tx 2.422 GHz, Rx 2.462 GHz
Plan B .......................................... Tx 2.462 GHz, Rx 2.422 GHz
SPREAD SPECTRUM DATA PUMP
Modulation ................................. QPSK
Spreading Method ...................... Direct sequence
Code Length ............................... 120 bits
Processing Gain .......................... >12 dB
Number of Codes ....................... 10
Chipping Rate ............................ 12 times
4/12/99
PAGE 52
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 5
INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS
Capacity ...................................... 2 x T1
Connection ................................. RJ-48C, bantam
Line Code ................................... AMI, B8ZS
Framing ...................................... SF, ESF
Alarms ........................................ AIS, Red, Yellow, BPVs
Loopbacks .................................. Local and remote, per T1
channel
USER INTERFACE
Front Panel ................................. Alarm LEDs, Configuration
Switches, Monitor Jacks
Diagnostics ................................. T1 Loopback, Remote Test with
built-in BERT
Test Points .................................. RSSI, System Voltages, QPSK
Constellation
VT-100 Terminal ......................... Menu-Driven User Interface,
Control of the Remote End,
Password Protected (Optional),
Event History
VT-100 TERMINAL INTERFACE
Data Rate .................................... 9600 bps
Data Bits ..................................... 8
Parity .......................................... None
Stop Bits ...................................... 1
Terminal Emulation ................... VT-100
MECHANICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
Baseband Processor
Operating Temperature .............. 0°C to 50°C
Size ............................................. 19" x 1.75" x 11.5"
Humidity .................................... 95%, Non-condensing
Weight ........................................ 6 lbs.
Rack RFC
Operating Temperature .............. 0°C to 50°C
Size ............................................. 19" x 1.75" x 11.5"
Humidity .................................... 95%, Non-condensing
Weight ........................................ 6 lbs.
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 53
SPECIFICATIONS
Mast Unit
Operating Temperature .............. -40°C to 65°C
Size ............................................. 21" high x 9" diameter
Humidity .................................... 100%
Weight ........................................ 18 lbs.
POWER
Input Voltage .............................. 21 to 56 volts DC, either polarity
referenced to ground
Power Consumption .................. 30 watts
Connector ................................... 3 pin DIN (AC adapter)
3 pin screw clamp terminal
block (DC)
4/12/99
PAGE 54
61280.003L1-1B
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 6
PAGE 55
WARRANTY, ORDERING AND
RETURN INFORMATION
WARRANTY
Adtran will replace or repair this product within five years from
the date of shipment if it does not meet its published specifications
or fails due to defects in materials and workmanship.
For detailed warranty, repair, and return information, refer to the
Adtran Equipment Warranty, Repair, and Return Policy and
Procedure.
SALES
For Tracer sales information, contact Adtran Sales at:
(800) 827-0807
REPAIRS AND RETURNS
Return Material Authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning
equipment to Adtran.
For RMA information, contact Adtran at:
(205) 963-8722
or
Adtran, Inc.
Customer Service Department
P.O. Box 140000
901 Explorer Boulevard
Huntsville, Alabama 35806-2807
4/12/99
PAGE 56
61280.003L1-1B
SECTION 6
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Standard support hours are 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. CST, Monday through
Friday. Emergency technical support is available 24 hours a day,
seven days a week.
For technical support at any time, contact Adtran at:
(800) 726-8663
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE 57
GLOSSARY
ACRONYMS USED IN THIS MANUAL
AMI ..............
B8ZS .............
BER ..............
BBP ..............
CRC .............
DCE .............
DTE .............
ESF ..............
FCC .............
FEC ..............
IF .................
ISM ..............
LBK ..............
QPSK ...........
RF ................
RFC ..............
RSSI .............
Rx ................
SF .................
Tx ................
4/12/99
Alternate Mark Inversion
Bipolar 8 zero substitution
Bit error rate
Baseband Processor
Cyclic Redundancy Check
Data Communications Equipment
Data Terminal Equipment
Extended superframe
Federal Communications Commission
Forward error correction
Intermediate Frequency
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical
Loopback
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Radio frequency
Radio frequency converter
Received signal strength indicator
Receive
Superframe
Transmit
PAGE 58
61280.003L1-1B
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE A - 1
CABLE CONNECTIONS
APPENDIX A
CABLE CONNECTIONS
The cable connections required for various configurations are
detailed below.
TERMINAL CONNECTION (DB25)
Tracer (DCE)
Number
Name
2 ............... TXD
3 ............... RXD
4 ................ RTS
5 ................ CTS
6 ................ DSR
7 ............. Ground
Terminal (DTE)
Number
Name
2 ............... TXD
3 ............... RXD
4 ............... RTS
5 ............... CTS
6 ............... DSR
7 ............ Ground
PERSONAL COMPUTER CONNECTION (DB9)
Tracer (DCE)
Number
Name
2 ............... TXD
3 ............... RXD
4 ................ RTS
5 ................ CTS
6 ................ DSR
7 ............. Ground
4/12/99
Computer (DTE)
Number
Name
3 ............... TXD
2 ............... RXD
7 ............... RTS
8 ............... CTS
6 ............... DSR
5 ............ Ground
PAGE A - 2
61280.003L1-1B
APPENDIX A
MODEM CONNECTION (DB25)
Tracer (DCE)
Number
Name
Modem (DCE)
Number
Name
2 ............... TXD
3 ............... RXD
3 ............... RXD
4 ................ RTS
5 ................ CTS
6 ................ DSR
7 ............. Ground
2 ............... TXD
5 ............... CTS
4 ............... RTS
20 .............. DTR
7 ............ Ground
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE B - 1
FCC REGULATIONS
APPENDIX B
FCC REGULATIONS
1. This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules. On
the bottom of this equipment is a label that contains, among other
information, the FCC Registration number for this equipment. If
requested, provide this information to your telephone company.
2. Below is a list of all applicable registration jack USOCs (Facility
Interface Codes and Service Order Codes) for the equipment. This
information is required when ordering service from the Telco.
SERVICE
SOC
FIC
USOC
T1
6.0N
04DU9-BN, 04DU9-DN
RJ-48C
3. An FCC-compliant telephone cord and a modular plug are
provided for this equipment. This equipment is designed to be
connected to the telephone network or premises wiring using a
compatible modular jack which is Part 68 compliant. See
Installation Instructions for details.
4. If your telephone equipment (Tracer) causes harm to the
telephone network, the telephone company may discontinue your
service temporarily. If possible, they will notify you in advance.
But if advance notice is not practical, you will be notified as soon
as possible. You will be advised of your right to file a complaint
with the FCC if you believe it is necessary.
5. Your telephone company may make changes in its facilities,
equipment, operations, or procedures that could affect the proper
operation of your equipment. If they do, you will be given advance
notification so as to give you an opportunity to maintain
uninterrupted service.
6. If you experience trouble with this equipment (Tracer), please
contact Adtran at (205) 971-8000 for repair/warranty information.
The telephone company may ask you to disconnect this equipment
from the network until the problem has been corrected, or until
you are sure the equipment is not malfunctioning.
7. This unit contains no user-serviceable parts.
4/12/99
PAGE B - 2
61280.003L1-1B
APPENDIX B
8. This equipment may not be used on public coin service
provided by the telephone company. Connection to party lines is
subject to state tariffs. (Contact your state public utility
commission or corporation commission for information.)
9. Connection of Private Communication Systems: Private
communication systems (microwave, etc.) may be directly
connected to the network through the use of VP couplers; or to
station ports behind registered host systems. However, in the latter
case, Telco tariffs require that a signal power affidavit be filed with
the telephone company to assure that the system will not generate
excess signal power. The tariffs also require the privately-owned
communication system go immediately on hook in the event of
failure.
10. Affidavit requirements for connection to digital services:
• An affidavit is required to be given to the telephone company
when digital terminal equipment without encoded analog
content and billing protection is used to transmit digital
signals containing encoded analog content which are
intended for eventual conversion into voice band analog
signals and transmitted on the network.
• The affidavit shall affirm that either no encoded analog
content or billing information is being transmitted or that
the output of the device meets Part 68 encoded catalog
content or billing protection specifications.
• End user/customer will be responsible to file an affidavit with
the local exchange carrier when connecting unprotected CPE
to a 1.544 Mbps or subrate digital services.
• Until such time as subrate digital terminal equipment is
registered for voice applications, the affidavit requirements
for subrate services is waived.
4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B
PAGE B - 3
FCC REGULATIONS
AFFIDAVIT FOR CONNECTION OF CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT TO
1.544 MBPS AND/OR SUBRATE DIGITAL SERVICES
For the work to be performed in the certified territory of
__________________________________________________________
(TELCO NAME)
State of ______________________________________________
County of ____________________________________________
I, _____________________________________________________
(NAME)
_________________________________________________________
(BUSINESS ADDRESS)
___________________________________ being duly sworn, state:
(TELEPHONE NUMBER)
I have responsibility for the operations and maintenance of the
terminal equipment to be connected to 1.544 Mbps and/or subrate
digital services. The terminal equipment to be connected complies
with Part 68 of the FCC rules except for the encoded analog
content and billing protection specifications. With respect to
encoded analog content and billing protection:
[ ] I attest that all operations associated with the establishment,
maintenance, and adjustment of the digital CPE with respect to analog
content and encoded billing protections information continuously
complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules and Regulations.
[ ] The digital CPE does not transmit digital signals containing encoded
analog content or billing information which is intended to be decoded
within the telecommunications network.
[ ] The encoded analog content and billing protection is factory set and
is not under the control of the customer.
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PAGE B - 4
61280.003L1-1B
APPENDIX B
I attest that the operator(s)/maintainer(s) of the digital CPE
responsible for the establishment, maintenance, and adjustment
of the encoded analog content and billing information has (have)
been trained to perform these functions by successfully having
completed one of the following (check appropriate blocks):
[ ] A. A training course provided by the manufacturer/grantee of the
equipment used to encode analog signals; or
[ ] B. A training course provided by the customer or authorized
representative, using training materials and instructions provided by the
manufacturer/grantee of the equipment used to encode analog signals;
or
[ ] C. An independent training course (e.g., trade school or technical
institution) recognized by the manufacturer/grantee of the equipment
used to encode analog signals; or
[ ] D. In lieu of the preceding training requirements, the operator(s)/
maintainer(s) is (are) under the control of a supervisor trained in
accordance with (CIRCLE ONE) above.
I agree to provide ________________________________________
(TELCO NAME)
with proper documentation to demonstrate compliance with the
information as provided in the preceding paragraph, if so
requested.
______________________________________________________
(SIGNATURE)
______________________________________________________
(TITLE)
______________________________________________________
(DATE)
Transcribed and sworn to before me
this __________ day of _______________, __________
______________________________________________________
(NOTARY PUBLIC)
My commission expires ___________________________________
4/12/99

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