AGD SYSTEMS AGD315-207 AGD 315-207-000 Microwave Vehicle Detector User Manual AGD340

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Date Submitted	2011-05-18 00:00:00
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Document Title	AGD340
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Document Author:	Pete Hutchinson

AGD315-205 and AGD315-207
RADAR USERS MANUAL
1 INTRODUCTION
These instructions detail the use and operation
of the AGD315-205 and -207 radars. This
radar has been specifically designed for the
accurate measurement of the speed and range
of passing vehicles when mounted at the side
of the road for enforcement purposes. The
radar is designed to work in conjunction with
an AGD340 radar plus a host, photographic
based, enforcement system. The host system
may be mobile or fixed location in nature.
Changes or modifications to this equipment,
not expressly approved by AGD Systems Ltd,
may void the user’s authority to operate this
equipment
The radar is supplied in a black plastic
enclosure which incorporates all the radar
circuitry and processing circuitry to perform the
speed and range measurement. The
connection to the radar is via a 1 metre cable
with multi-pin connector, and mounting is
provided by fixings on the housing.
The AGD315-205 is a 24.2GHz frequency
modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar
whereas the AGD315-207 is a 24.125GHz
(24.075GHz-24.175GHz) radar which are
capable of measuring range and speed. The
radar’s integral planar antenna forms a narrow
beam which is sited at a predetermined angle
across the road. When vehicles pass through
the beam the radar accurately measures the
speed and range at a frame rate of 40
readings per second via an advanced digitising
and tracking technique to a resolution of
approximately 1 mph and 2 metres.
Details of each vehicle speed measurement
are passed to the host system via a high
speed serial communications interface.
Contents
INTRODUCTION
DOCUMENT REVISION
FMCW OVERVIEW
SPECIFICATIONS
SYSTEM HARDWARE OVERVIEW
MESSAGE FORMATS
RADAR USAGE
CABLE CONNECTIONS
TEST & CALIBRATION
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User ManualPage 1 of 12
,
2 DOCUMENT REVISION
Issue
Amendment Details
Initial Draft
DCR3006 – added section relating to test and
calibration procedures. Figures and Tables
identified using auto-numbered captions.
Date of Issue
23/12/2009
14/06/2010
By
NK
SCH
3 FMCW OVERVIEW
3.1
Basic Operating Principles of FMCW Radar
In an FMCW radar such as the AGD315-205/207, the following basic operating principles are applied:
The transmit signal is frequency modulated, normally by a linear modulation (a chirp)
The modulation of the received signal is compared to the modulation of the transmitted signal to
determine time delay and therefore range
velocity is determined by range differentiation or Doppler processing
Consider a signal transmitted from the radar at time t=0 and with frequency f start. When this signal
strikes a target, the signal will be reflected back and received by the radar at a time t=t delayed. During
the time of flight of the reflected signal. the transmit frequency will have increased to a new frequency
fdelayed, where fdelayed is given by the chirp rate and amplitude.
Hence at any instance in time after tdelayed, there is a difference in frequency between the transmitted
and received frequencies. This frequency difference is proportional to the time of flight for the
received signal, and since the radar signal travels at the speed of light (a constant), the time of flight is
also proportional to the range of the target which reflected the radar signal.
In an FMCW system, the transmit and receive signals are compared using an RF Mixer. The mixer is
driven by the transmit and receive signals, and the mixer output is the difference between the two
input signals. The output signal is referred to as the intermediate frequency (IF).
If the IF is sampled into an analogue to digital converter (ADC) at fixed time intervals during a single
excursion of the frequency modulation (one period of the chirp) and the resultant digital signal is
viewed in the frequency domain, a number of different frequencies will be seen, where each frequency
corresponds to a target at a particular range.
If data from a number of successive chirps is gathered and processed, speed and range for individual
targets can be determined.
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 2 of 12
,
4 SPECIFICATIONS
Items
Housing
Radar General
Specification
Notes
Black UV stabilised polycarbonate
Fine spark finish
Radar Weight
External
Dimensions
Mounting
Fixings
0.80 Kg
160mm(W) x 130mm(H) x
60mm(D)
4 x M4 threaded inserts
M16 cable gland
Sealing
Radar
Connection
Radar Labelling
LED
IP66
9 pin Bulgin Bucanneer (male)
attached to end of 1 metre lead
Manufacturer’s Label
Red status indicator LED
Blue ‘Bluetooth’ indicator LED
Parameter
Supply Voltage
Current
Specified
24V dc
263mA
Parameter
4 wire RS 422
Including 1 metre lead and connector
Bulgin PX0728/P
See section 9 for more information
Radar Power Connection
Tolerance
9-30V
10%
At 12Vdc
Notes
Radar Data Connection
Specified
Notes
See extra notes on data connection and
BAUD command.
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 3 of 12
,
Test
Cold
Dry Heat
Damp Heat
Free Fall
Drop
Topple
Shock
Random
Vibration
and
Sinusoidal
Vibration
Bump
Immersion
Component
Antenna
Transmitter
Receiver
Radome
Parameter
Radar Centre
Frequency
Modulation
Bandwidth
Operating
Frequency Band
Environmental Performance
Severity
Specification
IEC 68-2-1 Test Ab
(-20 C Operational)
IEC 68-2-2 Test Bb
+60 C Operational
Cyclic 48Hrs 25 C to 40 C 95%RH IEC 68-2-30 Test Db
Each top rear corner & each top
IEC 68-2-32 Test Ed
rear face. 1000mm free fall to
concrete.
All faces & corners 100mm drop
IEC 68-2-31 Test Ec
4000m/S , 2mS Duration
0.02g / Hz (10-50Hz)
0.01g / Hz (50-150Hz)
0.002g / Hz (150-500Hz)
Overall RMS 1.58g 3Hrs on X,Y,Z
axes
5-7Hz 1.5mm
7-35Hz 10m/S
1000 in X,Y,Z axes 100m/S ,16mS
Preconditioned to +30 C over
ambient before 12Hrs Immersion.
IEC 68-2-6 Test Fc
IEC 68-2-29 TestEb
IEC 68-2-18 Test R
Radar Transceiver
Specification
Planar patch array
Quarter wave resonator
Homodyne I Q down converter
Black UV stabilised polycarbonate
Radar Transmission
Specified
24.200 GHz UK/EU/AS/NZS
24.125GHz USA
80MHz
24.150 - 24.250GHz (UK/EU/AS/NZS)
24.075 – 24.175GHz (USAVersion)
Fundamental
Frequency Power
Fundamental
Frequency Field
Strength
Frequency
Temperature
Stability
Polarisation
Horizontal
Beamwidth
IEC 68-2-27 Test Ea
IEC 68-2-34 Test Fd
Notes
Notes
Modulation bandwidth of ~80MHz plus
temperature stability guard bands (+/10MHz)
<20dBm EIRP
<1000mV/m
@3m
Typically < 1 MHz/ C
Uncompensated
Plane polarised with E-Field vertical
7 degrees
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 4 of 12
,
Vertical
Beamwidth
Spurious
Emission Code
Antenna Sidelobe
Suppression
28 degrees
< 1 W EIRP (25 to 22000MHz)
80M0FXN
>15dB
ITU Designation
Radar Detection
Specified
Parameter
FFT size
Tracking window
Image Rejection
Measurement rate
256 point
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
40 Hz
Notes
Radio
Specifications
Technical Performance Specifications
ETS300.440, AS/NZS4268
FCC 47CFR15.245
The number of speed \ range
measurements made per second
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 5 of 12
,
5 SYSTEM HARDWARE OVERVIEW
A simplified block diagram of the AGD315-205/207 is shown below:
Power Supplies
4k x 18 bit
FIFOS
TI C6711 DSP & associated
components (SDRAM,
FLASH etc)
PIC 18F452
12 bit ADC
DDS \ DAC
Amplifier
& Filter
Subsystem
Radar Transceiver Module
Figure 1 System Hardware Overview
5.1.1 Serial interface, RS422
A UART interface is provided using RS422 voltage levels, over a 4 wire (full duplex) interface. The
default baud rate for this interface is 115200. This may be changed using the BAUD command to
speeds of up to 921600. The BAUD command will store the baud rate into non volatile memory of the
radar ready for the next time the radar boots.
The serial interface default setup during normal operation is shown in Table 1.
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 6 of 12
,
Parameter
Baud rate
Data bits
Parity bits
Stop bits
Flow control
Value
115200
None
None
Table 1 Default UART Settings
The RS422 provides the primary output of the radar in the form of ASCII messages. These messages
provide speed and range information.
5.1.2 LED’s
No LED’s are visible from the outside of the unit. A number of internal LED’s are provided for test and
debug purposes.
5.1.3 Temperature Sensor
A digital temperature sensor has been installed on the digitiser board. This allows the processor to
monitor environmental conditions. The temperature of the radar may be requested using the TEMP
command.
5.1.4 Non Volatile Memory
An EEPROM is installed on the board to provide non volatile memory. The primary use of this
EEPROM is to store configuration and calibration data.
5.2
Power supply board CB-180
The radar is powered using a DC voltage in the range of 9 to 30 volts. The radar is polarity protected
using a diode. The radar can take a very large current doing power up that is of the order of amps.
However, this current only lasts for ~1ms and should not affect most applications.
5.2.1 Input Protection
A one shot anti-surge (T) fuse with a 630mA rating has been installed to protect against electrical
short circuit fault conditions.
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 7 of 12
,
6 MESSAGE FORMATS
6.1
Standard Messages
In normal operation, the radar produces a single standard message of the following form
,,,
:#
A sample message sequence from a typical roadside test is shown below:
0001917903,R,A,22:
0001917904,R,A,22:
0001917905,R,A,22:
0001917906,R,A,22:
0001917907,R,A,22:
0001917908,R,A,22:
0001917909,R,A,22:
0001917910,R,A,22:
0001917911,R,A,22:
0001917912,R,A,22:
#T0:A,29,11,11.7,70.3
#T0:A,29,11,11.7,60.4
#T0:A,29,11,11.7,65.5
#T0:A,29,12,12.8,61.0
#T0:A,29,12,12.8,66.1
#T0:A,28,12,12.8,68.4
#T0:A,28,13,13.8,65.5
#T0:A,28,12,12.8,67.3
#T0:A,27,13,13.8,63.0
#T0:A,28,13,13.8,71.2
The fields in each message are described in the table below:
Field Descriptor
Frame number
Radar Mode
Detection direction
Cosine correction
Debug into
Target Information
Explanation
Increments every frame
R – ranging mode
Advance, Recede, Bidirectional
Mounting angle to the road
Between : and !
Target number, Direction, Range
bin, Doppler Bin, Speed,
Power Level
Comments
Reset if detector is rebooted
Factory set by AGD
See section 8 – radar usage
AGD use only
Range bin = 2 metres
Doppler bin = ~1 mph
Speed includes cosine correction
and is in either mph or kph
Table 2 Message Descriptors
Notes:
Speed – vehicle speed will be modified by the cosine of the dominant detector mounting
angle. Use the *AD command to set the mounting angle of the
detector relative to the road surface, and use UNITSMPH or
UNITSKPH to set the measurement units.
The fundamental unit of speed measurement is the Doppler bin, which is approximately equal
to 1mph, so the speed resolution of the radar cannot be any better than this, no matter what
units are selected.
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 8 of 12
,
7 RADAR USAGE
7.1
Introduction
For best detection performance the radar must be setup correctly. Failure to do so can result in
inaccurate or false detections.
7.2
System Integration
The AGD315-205/207 has been designed to be used in conjunction with the AGD340 and a host
system. It is the responsibility of the supplier of the host system to ensure that data fusion \ correlation
of the speed and range data from the AGD315-205/207 and speed data from the AGD340 is done in
such a manner as to be ‘fit for purpose’.
7.3
Radar Mounting Angle
Radars are supplied factory programmed to be used for a specific mounting angle, usually to 22
degrees. This angle is the angle the radar points across the road from the direction of the road, see
Error! Reference source not found.. The angle is also reported in all output messages and the
command *AD may be used to determine it. This angle is used by the radar to adjust the speed the
radar measures to the actual target speed and therefore it is important the radar is setup with the
correct angle. If the radar is setup with an angle that is less than the mounting angle then the radar will
measure speeds that are larger than the vehicles true speed, while if the angle is greater than the
mounting angle the radar will measure speeds that are less than the vehicles true speed.
22o
Figure 2 Radar Mounting Angle
The radar transmits a radio beam across the road that has a horizontal beam width of ~7 degrees. The
vertical beam width of the radar beam is relatively large at 28degrees so although the radar should be
made level this is not crucial for correct operation. For a fixed camera installation often the radar is
mounted relatively high (~3m) and in this case it is desirable to point the radar more down towards the
ground. In this application careful consideration of the radar beam and its shape is required to ensure
that all the lanes of the road are covered.
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 9 of 12
,
7.4
Maximum Speed Measurement
Normally, the radar can detect targets travelling in both directions simultaneously (if required) at
speeds of up to 128mph. The radar can resolve the speed to the nearest Doppler bin, which is
approximately equal to 1mph.
In some situations, it may be required that the radar measure higher target speeds than 128mph. It is
possible to configure the radar to measure targets up to 255mph, but with the caveat that the radar
must be set into either advance or recede mode (not bidirectional), and targets travelling in the wrong
direction at sufficient speed will generate erroneous speed readings which appear to have come from
the required direction.
For example, if the radar is set into advance mode, and the command *RV150 is sent
to the radar, the following behaviour will be seen:
Vehicle
Speed (mph)
0 – 10
10 – 150
150+
0 – 10
10-105
105+
Vehicle
Direction
Approach
Approach
Approach
Recede
Recede
Recede
Radar Operation
Vehicle not detected, speed is below the low speed cutoff
Vehicle detected, speed and direction measured correctly, message sent
Vehicle not detected, speed is above upper limit set by *RV
Vehicle not detected, speed is below the low speed cutoff
Vehicle detected, speed and direction measured correctly, no message
Vehicle detected, speed and direction measured incorrectly, message sent
Table 3 Maximum Speed Behaviour
So, the *RV command is used to set the maximum speed measurable in the required direction. Under
most situations, the erroneous speed measured can be filtered out because the range measurement
will be incorrect.
One situation where the range cannot be used to filter out erroneous targets is for a vehicle driving the
wrong way down the road at excessive speed (for example, a vehicle driving the wrong way down a
dual carriageway or motorway). However, two radars deployed at the same position, one set to
approach and one set to recede, both with the same *RV setting could be used under these
circumstances, which would give the capability to measure up to ±255mph (255mmph approach with
one radar, 255mph recede with the other). Under most normal situations however, a single radar will
the capability for ±128mph should be sufficient.
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 10 of 12
,
8 CABLE CONNECTIONS
The AGD315-205/207 connections are shown in the table below:
Pin No.
Wire Colour
Function
Orange \ White
White \ Orange
Green
Blue \ White
Brown \ White
White \ Brown
White \ Blue
White \ Green
Green \ White
24v ac or 12-24v dc
24v ac or 0v dc
Earth / Ground
Detector RS422 Y
Relay Common
Relay Contact
Detector RS422 Z
Detector RS422 B
Detector RS422 A
Power Off
Power On No Detect
Power On Detect
N/C
N/O
N/C
Table 4 Cable Connections
9 TEST & CALIBRATION
9.1
Overview
The AGD315-205207 is subjected to rigorous build, calibration and test procedures. These procedures
are designed to provide a simple set of pass and fail criteria for production operatives to ensure
standardisation in the delivered product, isolate faults so they can be identified and fixed prior to unit
shipment, and to weed out infant mortality failures in components.
9.2
Configuration Of User Settings
Once a unit has been calibrated, a number of specified settings are adjusted, and further tests are
carried out to ensure the unit is operating within acceptable limits (please refer to Figure 3 overleaf).
Table 5 summarises the user settings which are adjusted, showing the tests carried out, and the pass
\ fail criteria applied to each test.
Test
11
Description
Check for correct operation of RS422
12
Check serial number via RS422 port
13
Message OK
Pass \ Fail Limits
Receive OK
Transmit OK
Same as serial number
set previously
Frame rate 40FPS
Cosine set to 22º
Comments
At 115200 baud
Serial number cannot
be adjusted via RS422
for security
Message should start
automatically on power
up
Table 5 User Settings
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 11 of 12
,
Figure 3 shows the process by which the user settings are configured:
START
Unit
calibrated ?
NO
Calibrate unit
YES
Connect to unit via
Livewire port
Set ranging mode
Set 40 FPS
Set 22 degrees
(via LW port)
Values stored in
parameter
EEPROM
Enter serial
number
xxxxx-yyyyy
(via LW port)
Values stored in
secure
EEPROM
Enable
RS422 port
Set baud rate
(115200)
Reboot unit
TEST
11
RS422 OK ?
NO
FAIL (TEST 11)
YES
xxxxx-yyyyy from
secure EEPROM
Check
serial number
(via RS422 port)
TEST
12
Serial
number OK
NO
FAIL (TEST 12)
YES
Enable ranging
diagnostic
message
Reboot unit
TEST
13
Message OK ?
NO
FAIL (TEST 13)
YES
END
Figure 3 Configuration Of User Settings
© AGD Systems Ltd 2010. All rights reserved., the information contained in this document is the property of AGD Systems Ltd., and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions.
AGD315 User Manual
Page 12 of 12

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Title                           : AGD340
Author                          : Pete Hutchinson
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