The incoming ground & DC- cable is attached to the bottom of the ground block along with
ground leads to the negative bus on the fuse block and the enclosure’s ground lug.
The incoming DC+ cable is attached to the bottom of the DC+ bus on the fuse block. Cables to
the individual Hub antennas (light gray) terminate on the right side of the fuse block. The
electrolytic capacitor (2200 uF) across the power supply busses reduces transients when
individual Hub power connectors are inserted or removed with power ON. It is normally not
needed, but if it is used, be sure to observe the polarity.
Space is provided at the top of the box for additional lightning protectors, which have not proven
to be necessary at our test site in San Jose, CA. Lightning protectors are installed on a ground
bus in the base station equipment room to protect the indoor equipment.
Upper power strip with barriers for sensing cable
Ground bus
Individual fuses
Electrolytic capacitor
Figure 5-8: Close-up of OJB.
OJB Components
The OJB pictured here is assembled from the following components:
Device
Vendor & Part Number Source
Enclosure
Hoffman A-1412CH
Electric Supply Trade
Inner Panel
Hoffman A14P12
Electric Supply Trade
June 2003
www.hoffmanonline.com
Page 5-7
Fuse Block
Blue Sea Systems 5015
West Marine Retail
Ground Bus
Blue Sea Systems 2301
West Marine Retail
www.bluesea.com
Dual Bus (use in lieu of fuse block)
Blue Sea Systems 2702
Rubber Insert ¾” couplings, locknuts, bushings
West Marine Retail
Electric Supply Trade
Shielded Cat 5 Cable Superior Essex BBDN Part #04-001-34
Graybar Electric
Cat 5 Shield Bond Connectors
Graybar Electric
5.3
Hubbell BC285SB
Installation Detail – Indoor Equipment
Figure 5-9 provides a single line diagram illustrating one Hub Transceiver. When implementing
multiple sector systems, replicate the IF cabling, lightning protection, 12 dB test taps, etc. for
each Hub Transceiver.
June 2003
Page 5-8
Figure 5-9: Connection diagram of indoor equipment.
5.3.1
June 2003
Grounding and Lightning Protection
Proper grounding is critical to the safety, performance and the life of the equipment installed at
the base station. Refer to Figure 5-9. Arcwave recommends that the installer follow the general
grounding practices employed in cellular and PCS base station sites.
Arcwave recommends the following Lightning Protectors from PolyPhaser Corp.
(www.polyphaser.com). These PolyPhaser devices are designed to bolt directly to the ground
bus. See diagram in Figure 5-9 for circled reference numbers.
Page 5-9
12 dB
Tap
12 dB
Tap
Upstream p ort is typical
of 1 to 6
Upstream port
Network port
Downstream port
W-CMTS
Upconverter
Lightning Protector
Reference See Page E11
Downstream IF to
Hub Transceiver
Ground Bus
Upstream IF
from
Hub Transceiver
(-)
Neg (-)
100BaseT to/from
Ethernet Switch
and ISP/Internet
Remote V. Sense
DC Power Supply
(+)
Pos (+)
DC Power to
Hub Transceivers
DC Voltage
Sense
Bond Ground Bus
to all ARCi
Transceivers and
Mounting Structures
NOTE: All Grounds to be bonded
with # 6 AWG or greater stranded
wire, or with ground strap of
equivalent cross section area.
Bond Ground Bus
to Facility Ground
Bond Ground
Bus to Rack
ARCi Station
Controller
(future)
Transceiver
Telemetry
(future)
Table 5-1 – Lightning Protector Part Numbers
Ref # Item
Part #
75 ohm RG-6 transmit and receive cable IS-75F-C1
DC Power Supply
IS-17VDC-30A-NG
The ground bus, in turn, should be connected with an appropriate conductor (minimum #6
AWG) to the hub site ground that includes the power service and building common ground, per
the NEC and local codes.
Arcwave recommends the installer run a minimum #6 AWG conductor between the equipment
room ground bus and a common ground point adjacent to the Hub Transceiver(s) unless the
transceiver mounting system consists of a known low impedance ground (as a steel tower or
monopole). In the case of a single sector Hub Transceiver installation, this point can be the
antenna ground bolt or mounting bracket. In a multi sector installation including an outdoor
junction box (OJB) this conductor can be connected to the ground bus in the OJB, which in turn,
is connected to each transceiver and any nearby building or support structure ground.
Normally the Wireless CMTS (W-CMTS), upconverter(s), DC power supply, 100baseT data
switch, etc. are mounted in a 19-inch equipment rack in the base station equipment room. This
rack should also be connected to the ground bus, preferably by a conductor #6 AWG or greater.
When shielded cable is utilized to connect DC power between the hub equipment room and the
hub antenna, ground the shield to the ground bus in the equipment room.
Figures 5-10 and detail 5-11 show a ground bus installation with the specified PolyPhaser
protector on each IF cable and on the antenna lead for a backhaul microwave. Note the ground
strap to the right, which connects to the equipment rack.
Cable-Building entrance
Lighting Protector
for Backhaul
Microwave
Antenna Cable
Ground strap to rack
Ground bus bar
Ground wire from building
Figure 5-10: Example of Hub protection at building entrance.
June 2003
Page 5-10
Lightning protectors
for ARCell IF cables
ARCell IF cables
(3 downstream + 6 Upstream)
Figure 5-11: Details of Fig 5-10 IF cable protection.
5.3.2
DC Power
The Hub Transceiver requires 8.0 – 8.5 Vdc at the transceiver modules and draws
approximately 900 mA of current.
In a one or two sector installation a small variable voltage linear DC power supply capable of
supplying at least 1000 mA is employed. Arcwave has successfully tested the following power
supply in a one or two sector configuration:
Agilent
model E3610A
The voltage (IR) drop of the power cable is calculated and the output of the DC supply is set
appropriately.
In a multi-sector installation the DC power supply is chosen with sufficient capacity to deliver at
least 1000 mA for each Hub Transceiver. The DC+ lead is sized to provide reasonable voltage
drop between the DC supply and the Outdoor Junction Box (OJB) installed near the Hub
Transceivers. [It is the installer’s responsibility to furnish, assemble and install the OJB].
The DC power supply is then adjusted to provide 8.0 – 8.5 Vdc at the Transceiver connector.
A power supply with an ammeter is a great help when trouble-shooting a Hub since experience
has shown that a bad transmitter or receiver module may be “dead” or it may be drawing half its
normal current. In either case it is usually very noticeable.
5.3.3
Transmit (Downstream) Signal Path
In the BSR1000W the Downstream upconverter is internal, and the output level can be set via
the command line interface or network management software.
In the V3000W, the downstream signal is connected to the external upconverter (normally
mounted in the rack with the W-CMTS). A 10 dB pad is inserted at the input to the upconverter
to set the proper level.
June 2003
Page 5-11
The upconverter is adjusted to provide the downstream Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal at
the center frequency appropriate for the transmit module within the Hub Transceiver to create
the desired RF carrier frequency. See Table in the Antenna and Frequency Planning section of
this manual for more information. The output of the upconverter is connected with RG-6 cables
through a 12 dB tap, and thence through the lightning protector to the cable to the Hub
Transceiver.
The 12 dB taps provide less than 1 dB of attenuation to the signal passing through and “copy” of
the signal 12 dB lower in level to the tap port. These are utilized for inserting a spectrum
analyzer for system set-up and maintenance without disturbing the normal cable connections.
5.3.4
Splitters, Pads and Taps
There are many vendors that make splitters, pads (attenuators) and taps for the Cable TV
industry. Channel Vision is one vendor (www.channelvision.com), and photos of the items are
in Figure 5-22. The splitter shown is 2:1, which is the most commonly used in the ARCell
applications. It is important to select parts specified to 1 GHz, in contrast to the 900 MHz parts
sold in grocery stores.
The Channel Vision 2:1 model #HS-2 has an insertion loss of 3.5 dB and is under $4.
The Channel Vision 12 dB tap model #TP12dB has an insertion loss of less than 1 dB and is
under $7. Pay careful attention to the port labels. The main signal is attached to the “IN” port,
the “TAP OUT” port is the signal attenuated by 12 dB, and the “OUT” port is the main signal with
almost no attenuation.
The Channel Vision 10 dB pad model #3000-10 is under $2.
Regardless of the brand, the tap and splitter have the same shape, so take care to connect the
cables to the proper port on the proper unit.
The splitter is officially a splitter/combiner, but it is not used as a combiner in these examples.
Splitter
Tap
Pad
June 2003
Page 5-12
Figure 5-12: Splitter, Tap and Pad.
5.3.5
Receive (Upstream) Signal Path
The upstream signal IF signal from the Hub Transceiver is connected through the lightning
protector and through the 12 dB tap to the upstream port of the W-CMTS. The Table in the
Antenna and Frequency Planning section of this manual details the frequencies that are
available. Unlike the downstream, where the frequency is established by the external or internal
upconverter, the upstream IF frequency is established as a configuration parameter of the WCMTS which commands the wireless cable (WCM) modem to transmit on a particular upstream
IF frequency.
5.4
Hub Interfaces
This Section lists the interfaces encountered at the base station site.
5.4.1
Hub Transceiver
Transmit and receive signal interfaces:
•
75 ohm type F female connectors
•
Premium quad-shielded RG-6 coax cable recommended (e.g. Belden 1189A)
•
Upstream signal frequency 6.4 through 32 MHz, nominal signal level -4 dBmV10.
•
•
Maximum cable loss between Hub and W-CMTS: 15 dB at 30 MHz.
Downstream signal frequency 477 through 577 MHz, nominal signal level 50 dBmV.
•
Maximum cable loss between upconverter/CMTS and Hub: 15 dB at 500 MHz.
Power interface:
•
Switchcraft type EN3 6 pin male connector on both upstream and downstream radio
enclosures (two per Hub Transceiver).
•
Nominal 8.0 – 8.5 VDC at 920 mA +/- 50 mA, combined upstream and downstream.
Antenna interface:
•
None. These are internal to the Hub Transceiver.
5.4.2
BSR1000W Wireless CMTS
Mirrors the above Transceiver, assuming no taps and only minor coaxial cable losses.
5.4.3
10
V3000W Wireless CMTS
•
75 ohm type F female connectors
•
Upstream input signal frequency 6.4 through 32 MHz, nominal signal level -4 dBmV.
•
Downstream output signal frequency: 44 MHz, nominal signal level 20 dBmV (input to
Upconverter)
•
Network connection RJ45 female connector: 100baseT Ethernet LAN.
For 75-Ohm systems, 1 mW = 0 dBm = 48.8 dBmV.
June 2003
Page 5-13
•
The Ethernet switch port to which the V3000W W-CMTS is connected must be
optioned to 100 Mbps, Full Duplex, No Auto-Negotiate.
5.4.3.1 Upconverter (Internal or external)
• 75 ohm type F female connectors
•
Input signal frequency 44 MHz; level range +38 dBmV to +45 dBmV.
•
Output signal frequency 477 through 577 MHz; maximum signal level +60 dBmV.
5.5
System Level-Setting Notes
5.5.1
General
The ARCell base station and subscriber transmitters are designed for linear operation at the
maximum output power allowed for compliant operation under the FCC part 15 regulations. In
both the headend and the subscriber units the input power level to the ARCell transceivers
determines the output power. There is no gain adjustment available to the user in the
transceiver.
5.5.2
Downstream Power
The AR3155 Hub Transceiver is factory calibrated to provide RF power output of +36 dBm
maximum EIRP (FCC Rules Section 15.247) when the input power applied to the upconverter IF
input connector is +35 dBmV. This is the level required for FCC compliance.
5.5.3
Downstream Power Adjustment Procedure
1. Disconnect the downstream IF cable at the input to the Hub Transceiver and connect the
cable to the input of a suitably calibrated RF power meter such as a CATV level meter.
Ensure that the IF signal power does not exceed +35 dBmV.
2. Alternatively, a spectrum analyzer can be utilized if it has a 75 ohm input impedance and
can display power in dBmV.
a. Adjustment must be made for the resolution bandwidth (RBW) of the analyzer11.
For example, in the case of the AR3155, if the RBW is set for 1 MHz, the actual
power level will be 10log(5.25) or 7.2 dB higher than the average power
displayed on the analyzer.
3. Set the IF output level of the W-CMTS or external upconverter, or by inserting fixed
attenuators as needed.
4. If the AR3155 Hub Transceiver is inaccessible for power measurement, the level at the
W-CMTS or external upconverter can be measured and adjustment made for
transmission line loss12. For example, if the transmission line loss is known to be 10 dB
including any taps or splitters, the W-CMTS or external upconverter output can be set for
+45 dBmV which will provide the required +35 dBmV power level at the input of the Hub
Transceiver.
In any case, it is the responsibility of the system operator to ensure that the proper
input level is applied to the AR3155 Hub Transceiver.
11
The formula is (actual power) = (displayed power) + 10log[(signal bandwidth) ÷ (RBW)].
12
See cable manufacturer’s specifications. Standard RG-6 coaxial cable has a loss of 4.6 dB /100 ft. at
500 MHz.
June 2003
Page 5-14
IMPORTANT NOTE: To comply with FCC RF safe-human-exposure compliance requirements,
antenna installation and device operating configuration described in this user manual must be
satisfied. The transceiver(s) used for this device must be fixed-mounted on outdoor permanent
structures with a separation of at least 1.5 meters from all persons during normal operation.
5.5.4
Upstream Power
The output level of the wireless cable modem (WCM) establishes the subscriber transceiver’s
output power. An automatic feedback loop, controlled by the W-CMTS, commands each WCM
to adjust its output level such that all the signals are received at the Hub at about the same RF
power. The user may tune this power control loop by modifying the appropriate parameter in the
W-CMTS configuration. A discussion of this parameter follows in the Installation Tuning section
of this manual.
The Subscriber Transceiver is factory calibrated to maximum FCC permissible EIRP when the
DOCSIS WCM is at its maximum power output level.
Spectrum analyzer traces of the upstream signal are illustrated in the Installation Tuning
section.
June 2003
Page 5-15
5.6
Installation Tuning
5.6.1
Downstream
The following diagrams showing the effects of overdriving the AR3155Hub Transceiver are for
illustrative purposes only and should not be used as a guide for setting the RF power output
level.
If the AR3155 RF power is set as described in Section 5.5.3 (above), transmitter linearity will be
maintained for proper operation in QPSK and 16QAM downstream modes. For operation at
64QAM the downstream level may have to be reduced by 1 dB to 3 dB to ensure optimal error
free performance.
Figure 5-13 illustrates a correct downstream signal at the subscriber location. This trace was
captured by using a two-way splitter on the wireless cable modem side of the subscriber
transceiver power inserter – one output to the wireless cable modem, the other to the spectrum
analyzer.
Spectrum Analyzer
Ref Level :
40.0
dBmV
459 MHz center frequency
30
20
dB / Div :
10.0
GOOD
40
dB
10
dBmV
Square shoulder
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
435
CF: 459.0 MHz
RBW: 1 MHz
Date: 05/23/2002
Model: MS2711B
440
445
480
485
470
465
460
455
450
Frequency (434.0 - 484.0 MHz)
475
SPAN: 50.0 MHz
VBW: 30 kHz
Time: 11:55:01
Serial #: 00215050
Attenuation: 0 dB
Detection: Average
Figure 5-13: Proper downstream IF signal at subscriber location.
Note that the “shoulders” of the digital signal at 455 and 463 MHz are square – there is no rise
in the noise base line adjacent to the signal.
Note also that the received IF center frequency is 52 MHz lower than the transmitted IF
(transmit centered on 511 MHz, receive centered on 459 MHz (Figure 5-13). This is the result
of the design of the Subscriber Transceiver. The subscriber’s transmit (upconverter) IF
frequencies and subscriber’s receive (modem) IF frequencies are detailed in the Table in
Frequency Planning section of this manual. The frequencies are chosen such that the receive
IF frequencies correspond to the center frequencies of the standard North American CATV
frequency plan. The Figure shows 459 MHz, which is the center of channel 53. One of the
June 2003
Page 5-16
configuration options of the wireless cable modems is to search the CATV frequency plan
looking for a valid downstream signal.
Figures 5-14 and 5-15 illustrate the effect of overdriving the Hub Transceiver. Both of these
traces were captured in the identical setup as Figure 5-13. The drive to the Hub Transmitter
was increased to create the distortion.
Spectrum Analyzer
Ref Level :
40.0
dBmV
30
20
dB / Div :
10.0
OVR DRVN2
40
dB
Partially overdriven
transmitter
10
dBmV
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
435
CF: 459.0 MHz
RBW: 1 MHz
Date: 05/23/2002
Model: MS2711B
440
445
450
455
460
465
470
Frequency (434.0 - 484.0 MHz)
475
SPAN: 50.0 MHz
VBW: 30 kHz
Time: 11:57:12
Serial #: 00215050
Attenuation: 0 dB
Detection: Average
480
485
Figure 5-14: Example of slightly overdriven transmitter, at input to cable modem.
The wireless cable modem (WCM) may run with the signal shown in Figure 5-14, but the WCM
performance will be degraded. Note that the top of the signal is approximately 7 dB higher than
the desired signal shown in Figure 5-13.
June 2003
Page 5-17
Spectrum Analyzer
Ref Level :
40.0
dBmV
Heavily overdriven
transmitter
30
20
dB / Div :
10.0
OVR DRVN
40
dB
10
dBmV
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
435
CF: 459.0 MHz
RBW: 1 MHz
Date: 05/23/2002
Model: MS2711B
440
445
480
485
470
465
460
455
450
Frequency (434.0 - 484.0 MHz)
475
SPAN: 50.0 MHz
VBW: 30 kHz
Time: 11:52:40
Serial #: 00215050
Attenuation: 0 dB
Detection: Average
Figure 5-15: Example of heavily overdriven transmitter, at input to cable modem.
The WCM definitely will not run with a downstream signal as overdriven as shown in Figure 515. Note that the top of the signal is approximately 10 dB higher than the desired signal shown
in Figure 5-13.
June 2003
Page 5-18
5.6.2
Upstream
The wireless cable modem (WCM) transmits an upstream signal (to the Hub Transceiver) under
timing, power and frequency control of the W-CMTS. The W-CMTS can command the WCM to
transmit its IF signal at an output level between 8 dBmV and 58 dBmV (inclusive), based on the
signal the W-CMTS considers optimum for accurate demodulation. These parameters are
established at the time a WCM is powered up, locates a valid downstream signal, and seeks to
be recognized by the W-CMTS. This process is called ranging. It has been designed to be
non-disruptive to subscribers already operating on the particular upstream channel (sector).
The upstream power level is the most important of these for the tuning of the system. The
timing and frequency agility of the WCM are under the command of the W-CMTS. If a WCM is
reporting frequent timing changes, multipath interference to the particular subscriber upstream
transmission is probable. If the WCM is reporting frequent changes in transmit frequency, a
service issue with the WCM or outdoor subscriber transceiver should be considered. If frequent
frequency changes are reported by several WCMs in the same sector, a service issue with the
receiver module within the Hub Transceiver should be considered.
5.6.2.1 Upstream Power Level
Each subscriber installation configured to transmit to this particular upstream channel (sector) is
likely to have a different amount of signal loss between the WCM and the W-CMTS13. The WCMTS uses its ability to command the WCM power at each subscriber individually to ensure
that the signals received from each subscriber arrive at nearly the same signal level. For
example, a nearby subscriber installation may need only a tenth of its possible power output to
provide the W-CMTS with the signal it requires, while a subscriber at the outer range of the
system may be commanded to nearly all of it possible power output to provide the same
received level signal at the W-CMTS.
The UpstreamRxGain parameter in the W-CMTS configuration file provides a set point for the
upstream gain loop. This parameter establishes the nominal upstream signal level at the WCMTS input. Each WCM will be commanded (separately) to adjust its signal output such that its
signal arrives at the W-CMTS input at this nominal level. Recall that each WCM is transmitting
its upstream data in turn, under commands of the W-CMTS.
Arcwave recommends that the system installer set the UpstreamRxGain parameter such that
the subscriber WCM with the most path loss (typically the most distant) operates at or just below
55 dBmV WCM output14. This will cause all of the other WCMs in the sector to operate at some
lesser output level15, which the W-CMTS will automatically assign. The optimum value of this
parameter may vary from sector to sector (upstream channel) in a given system due to factors
such as different subscriber path lengths to the base station.
13
This is due primarily to the different physical distances between the various subscriber installations
and the base station. Other factors are any obstructions in the path, location of the subscriber in the Hub
Transceiver antenna pattern geometry, any misalignment of the subscriber transceiver antenna, different
cable lengths between each WCM and its outdoor transceiver, etc.
14
This level setting will provide a nominal margin for signal fading of about 3 dB. The W-CMTS will
operate at perhaps 5 dB of additional fading (lower signal) under exceptional conditions but this should
happen rarely in the delivery of high quality performance to the subscriber.
15
As all remaining subscriber installations have less path loss than the “furthest” subscriber.
June 2003
Page 5-19
The trace was in Figure 5-17 captured at the 12 dB tap on the upstream input to the W-CMTS.
It is centered on upstream frequency 6.4 MHz and built up with Max Hold for 30 seconds. Note
that the bursts from the various WCMs are arriving at nearly the same amplitude. [Disregard
signal below 4 MHz as noise, etc.].
Spectrum Analyzer
30 SECS
Ref Level :
10.0
dBmV
M1: -42.55 dBmV @ 11.4 MHz
-10
dB / Div :
10.0
10
dB
-20
dBmV
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
M1
CF: 6.4 MHz
RBW: 1 MHz
Date: 05/23/2002
Model: MS2711B
Frequency (1.4 - 11.4 MHz)
SPAN: 10.0 MHz
VBW: 30 kHz
Time: 11:10:30
Serial #: 00215050
10
11
Attenuation: 0 dB
Detection: Average
Figure 5-17: Spectrum at Upstream input to W-CMTS.
See also Figure 5-19, which was taken at the same point at another installation.
There is an important subtlety here. The individual modem bursts are not spikes as this display
might suggest. Rather, each is a “standard” QPSK modulation envelope, 3.2 MHz wide,
centered at 6.4 MHz. They appear as spikes as the bursts are very short duration relative to the
sweep of the spectrum analyzer “window”. Thus only portions of the modulation envelope are
captured in the display.
5.7
Installation Labeling and Documentation
It is strongly recommended that the installer thoroughly document the system after turn-up and
a small number of pilot subscriber installations are complete and active – preferably at least one
in each sector. A copy of this documentation should be kept in a binder at the base station for
maintenance personnel access and hand updates as changes are made.
Examples of mandatory labels:
•
Base station cabling: should be labeled at both ends as to its application: e.g. “Sector 3
U/S”, or “DC to Sector 1”. Many antenna installers utilize bands of colored tape to
identify cabling running from the equipment room to the antennas. If so installed, a ‘key’
to the coding should be posted: “red-red-yellow = Sector 1 D/S”
•
12 dB tap points: “Sector 3 D/S”
•
Upconverters (CADCO): “511 MHz – Sectors 1,3,5”
•
Sector number approximate compass direction: “Sector 1 – North, Sector 2 – NE, etc.”
June 2003
Page 5-20
The documentation should include a single-line diagram (such as Figure 5-9) including every
component of the base station installation. Labels on the diagram(s) should correspond exactly
to the physical labels on the actual equipment (above).
A portable spectrum analyzer capable of viewing frequencies to 1 GHz is an invaluable tool for
system maintenance and troubleshooting. Arcwave has found that the Anritsu MS2711B, which
operates up to 3 GHz, works very well in the field and is considerably more portable and less
expensive than lab spectrum analyzers. Whatever instrument is employed must have a method
of capturing traces, whether it is a digital capture of an LCD screen (the Anritsu) or the
traditional Polaroid of a CRT display.
At the time of system turn-up and a small number of pilot subscriber installations are complete
and active, spectrum analyzer traces should be captured and included in the system
documentation package. Three are three important spots in the system, which should be
captured. Following are examples of each:
All downstream 12 dB tap points (upconverter outputs)
All upstream 12 dB tap points (upstream input to the W-CMTS)
All upstream inputs to the W-CMTS (requires taking the sector out of service for the trace
capture)
5.7.1
Downstream 12 dB Tap points
Downstream 12 dB tap points are installed in the equipment room at the output of the internal or
external Upconverter (or at the output of any splitter at the output of an Upconverter), just prior
to the IF coaxial run to the lightning protector and thence to the Hub Transceiver.
Spectrum analyzer traces should be captured and saved at each of these points:
Spectrum Analyzer
BVT D2
40
30
20
10
Partially overdriven
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
500
505
510
535
530
525
520
515
Frequency (500.0 - 550.0 MHz)
540
545
550
Figure 5-18: Example of Downstream IF at the Upconverter output, which is overdriven.
The 12 dB tap point in one installation’s Downstream #2 is shown in Figure 5-18. The
downstream center frequency (upconverter output) is 523 MHz.
June 2003
Page 5-21
Note in this particular example the “shoulders” on the trace caused by the upconverter being
overdriven. The shoulders were eliminated by reducing the signal to the upconverter. This was
done by increasing the value of the attenuator between the W-CMTS and the upconverter. If
overdriving occurs when the upconverter is internal to the W-CMTS, the shoulders can be
eliminated by reducing the Downstream output power.
The final Hub documentation package should include the trace after the adjustment.
5.7.2
Upstream 12 dB Tap points
Upstream 12 dB tap points are installed at the equipment room end of the IF cables from the
Hub Transceiver immediately at the upstream input to the W-CMTS. Spectrum analyzer traces
should be captured and saved at each of these points.
The 12 dB tap point in the same system’s Upstream #5 is shown in Figure 5-19. This upstream
center frequency is 6.4 MHz.
Figure 5-19 is a 30 second Max Hold build-up of a lightly loaded sector. Note that the individual
modem bursts are not spikes as this display might suggest. Rather, each is a “standard” QPSK
modulation envelope, 3.2MHz wide, centered at 6.4 MHz. They appear as spikes as the bursts
are very short duration relative to the sweep of the spectrum analyzer “window”. Thus only
portions of the modulation envelope are captured in the display.
See the discussion of Figure 5-20 for an explanation of the bursts with energy greater than 8
MHz.
Spectrum Analyzer
BVT U5
40
30
20
10
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Frequency (1.4 - 11.4 MHz)
10
11
Figure 5-19: Upstream (Receive) input to W-CMTS.
5.7.3
Upstream Quiet Sector W-CMTS Input
During the installation process when there are no subscriber units bursting their upstreams at
the base station, there can be a need to check to ensure that the receiver in the Hub
Transceiver is powered up and operational.
June 2003
Page 5-22
Figure 5-20 shows a quiet sector – no modems bursting on the 6.4 MHz IF upstream. The
solitary burst is on an adjacent sector centered at 9.6 MHz. This is evident as the modulation
envelopes of the ARCell upstream signal are 3.2 MHz wide. Thus the 6.4 MHz-centered
upstream has energy between 4.8 and 8 MHz. The solitary burst is greater than 8 MHz so it is
part of an upstream signal centered at 9.6 MHz with energy between 8 and 11.2 MHz. In this
system a physically adjacent sector is operating with a 9.6 MHz-centered upstream.
Note the rise in the noise floor of 6-8 dB centered on this trace. This is the result of a SAW filter
internal to the downconverter in the Hub Transceiver. The noise floor in this trace acts like a
tracking generator in that it shows a portion of the response (gain) increasing in the pass band
of the downconverter. Actually the cutoff on either side of the filter is much greater than is
shown here due to the noise floor of the particular spectrum analyzer. However, the nominal 5
MHz pass band of the filter admits the 3.2 MHz wide upstream signal, and in this case just
enough of the upstream signal from an adjacent upstream channel (centered on 9.6 MHz) is
present for the burst to be captured in the display.
Spectrum Analyzer
BVT U1
40
30
20
10
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Frequency (1.4 - 11.4 MHz)
10
11
Figure 5-20: Spectrum of quiet sector (no subscriber units).
A very useful check for receiver operation is to use the spectrum analyzer at the upstream 12
dB tap point to check for the characteristic shape of the rise of the noise floor centered on the
frequency of the particular upstream as shown in Figure 5-19. Occasionally (long IF cable runs)
this shape is not noticeable as it is lost in the spectrum analyzer noise floor. In these cases the
coaxial cable from the Hub Transceiver must be disconnected from the 12 dB tap and directly
connected to the input of the spectrum analyzer.
5.8
Hub Power Cable Convention
The standard power cable shipped with the Hub units is a 25 ft cable with a connector at one
end. The cable is made from Belden #8762 wire, which has one twisted pair, a shield, and a UV
rated PVC grey jacket.
June 2003
Page 5-23
The power cable connector is Switchcraft EN3C6F, which is a female connector. The connector
on the Transceiver is male.
Table 5-3: Cable wiring.
5.8.1
Pin
Signal
Belden
8762
DC Return
(ground)
Black
+DC (+8.5 Vdc)
White or Red
3-6
Future
--
Internal Headers
Receive Module
AR105
Cord connector Rear View =
Panel connector Front View
No connect
+8 Vdc
Ground/return
Data -
To SMA
Data +
Transmit Module
AR150
No connect
+8 Vdc
dot
Ground/return
Data Data +
To SMA
Figure 5-21: Internal connector pin-outs.
5.9
Downtilt
Generally tilting the ARCell Hub Transceiver downward is not needed to achieve the 5-mile
range.
The math is: if a Hub Transceiver is mounted on top of a building at a total height H, and the
farthest subscriber is a distance D, then the optimum downtilt is Arctangent = H/D.
However, in practice, mounting a pipe on a roof so the pipe is vertical is only accurate to 1 or 2
degrees at best. The common practice is to visually compare the vertical pipe to some vertical
object. Another is to use a “spirit” level (the ones with a bubble) or a fence-post-level (also with
bubbles). Under these circumstances, trying to downtilt by only 1 or 2 degrees is inappropriate.
June 2003
Page 5-24
Generally, the situations that merit considering downtilt are when the Hub is several hundred
feet higher than the subscribers’ transceivers.
June 2003
Page 5-25
6 Hub Installation Checklist – 6x60-degree
The Arcwave’s AR1255 Hub Outdoor Transceiver is intended for professional
installation only. Nothing is this manual supercedes local regulations.
6.1
ARCell Hub Outdoor Transceiver
1. Attach IF cables (upstream and downstream) to receiver and transmitter
2. Attach DC power cable to receiver and transmitter.
3. Dress power and IF cables with UV-rated tie wraps and pass them through the cable
grommet at bottom of rear weather cap.
4. Install rear weather cap mounting screws.
5. Attach Hub Transceiver to vertical mounting pipe with at least 44 inches clear of
unrelated hardware or other impediments. Pipe diameter to be between 1.5 and 2.25
inches, inclusive.
6. Adjust the nuts on the 5/16” threaded mounting bolts such that the antenna is oriented
per system designer’s specifications. Generally, a single Hub Transceiver is pointed
centered on the population to be served, and multiple Hub Transceivers are oriented 60
degrees apart horizontally. Vertical orientation should generally be vertical, i.e., no
downtilt.
7. Attach a properly terminated (minimum) #6 copper cable to the ¼-20 ground bolt on the
bottom flange of the Hub Transceiver. Connect by shortest path to clean and solid
ground on mounting structure (tower steel, building frame, etc.). If the mounting
structure is not well grounded the #6 copper cable must be routed to a suitable buried
ground rod and/or building electrode.
8. Route the IF and DC power cables from the Hub Transceivers to the Outdoor Junction
Box (OJB) – if employed in the particular installation - or directly to the base station
equipment room. Utilize appropriate mounting hardware and/or UV-rated tie-wraps.
6.2
Outdoor Junction Box (OJB) – If Employed
1. An OJB can simplify installation and system maintenance if several Arcwave Hub
Transceivers are installed at a common site and there is an accessible location for
mounting the OJB enclosure. The OJB can serve as a junction and distribution point for
any or all of:
a. DC power wiring and distribution to individual Hub Transceivers. A fuse block to
allow protection and isolation of individual Arcwave Hub Transceivers is
recommended. The OJB can contain a voltage regulator to allow a higher DC
voltage to be run from the equipment room and then regulated at the OJB to 8.0
– 8.5 volts DC as required by the Hub Transceivers.
b. Common ground bus.
c. IF splitters. In some installations a single downstream IF signal is to be routed to
several ARCell Hub Transceivers. The 75-Ohm passive splitter(s) can be
located in the OJB.
d. For more information see the section Installation Detail – Outdoor Junction Box.
2. Ground the OJB enclosure and common ground bus with a properly terminated
(minimum) #6 copper cable by the shortest path to clean and solid ground on mounting
structure (tower steel, building frame, etc.).
June 2003
Page 6-1
3. Ground the Negative side of the Hub Transceiver DC cable to the OJB common ground
bus.
4. Ground the shields of all DC and IF cables to the OJB common ground bus.
5. If there is any doubt about the continuity of structural ground between the OJB
grounding point and the equipment room electrode, run a properly terminated (minimum)
#6 copper cable from the OJB common ground bus to the ground bus bar in the
equipment room.
6. Route the IF, DC power cable and ground cable from the OJB to the base station
equipment room. Utilize appropriate mounting hardware and/or UV-rated tie-wraps.
6.3
Other Suppliers’ Outdoor Equipment
1. Backhaul microwave antennas, etc. are to be mounted on the supporting structure per
the recommendations of the manufacturer. All requirements for attachment, grounding,
connector weatherproofing, etc. are to be carefully observed.
2. Route all cables and/or waveguide from the outdoor equipment(s) to the base station
equipment room. Utilize appropriate mounting hardware and/or UV-rated tie-wraps.
6.4
Equipment Room Installation – Cable Entrance and Grounding
1. Mount a ground bus bar adjacent to the cable entrance to the equipment room structure.
a. Connect the ground bus bar to the ground electrode with a properly terminated
(minimum) #6 copper cable [or copper ground strap of equivalent cross-sectional
area] as described in the National Electric Code sections 820-33, 820-40 and
820-41. A common technique is to route the (minimum) #6 copper cable to a
driven ground rod adjacent to the point of entry of the coax cable to the building
containing the equipment room, and thence to the building electrical service
ground point per NEC 820-40. It the Hub Transceivers are mounded on a
metallic tower structure adjacent to the equipment room a similar properly
terminated (minimum) #6 copper cable should also be run from the electrode to
the tower steel. All grounding to conform to local codes.
b. Connect the ground bus bar to the indoor equipment rack with appropriate
copper strap or (minimum) #6 copper cable.
c. Note that ground wires employed for lightning protection must NEVER be routed
in metallic conduit, pipe, EMT, etc. If lightning ground wires are enclosed they
must be routed through non-metallic tubing such as PVC.
2. Mount a suitable lightning protector (e.g. PolyPhaser Model IS-75F-C1) to the ground
bus bar for each IF coaxial cable between an Hub Transceiver and the equipment room.
3. Mount a suitable lightning protector (e.g. PolyPhaser Model IS-17VDC-30A-NG) to the
ground buss bar to protect the DC power supply.
4. Mount a suitable lightning protector to the ground bus to protect any other cable and/or
waveguide routed between the antenna mounting structure and the equipment room.
5. Connect all shields associated with any wiring entering or leaving the equipment room to
the ground bus bar.
6. Ensure that all coax cables and DC power cables are properly terminated and connected
to the “antenna” or “surge” side of each lightning protector.
7. Note that the “equipment” or “protected” side of each lightning protector is a convenient
and appropriate point to demarcate the outside portion of the installation as specified
above, and the inside installation which will be specified following.
June 2003
Page 6-2
6.5
Equipment Room Installation – Inside Equipment
1. Customer to furnish cabinet or open-frame 19” equipment rack.
a. Cabinet racks to be secured to floor per local earthquake standards. Open frame
racks must be secured and braced at the top as required by local codes and
practice.
b. Minimum recommended clearances for equipment access and operation: 24” in
the rear and 36” in the front for cabinet racks, proportionally greater for open
frame racks.
c. Bond at least one side of front rack rail to the inside ground bus bar (item C1,
above) with properly terminated (minimum) #6 copper cable [or copper ground
strap of equivalent cross-sectional area].
2. All electronic equipment: Wireless CMTS (W-CMTS), PC(s), upconverters, power
supplies, Ethernet switches, routers, UPS, etc. to be secured to the rack by at least four
standard 10-32 rack screws.
3. If vertical rack space permits, it is desirable to leave one rack unit (RU = 1 ¾”) between
each rack-mounted device. At minimum, one space should be left above heat
generating devices such as rack mount PCs.
4. Support all large heavy devices (PCs, UPS) with manufacturer-provide rear mounting
hardware, or at minimum, a 1 RU blank rack panel secured across the rear rack rails in
the space immediately below the device to be supported such that the bottom of the
device rests on the top edge of the panel.
5. Furnish at least one dedicated 120 VAC 20 amp power circuit to a suitable receptacle(s)
within two feet of the equipment rack. In areas of “dirty” power, protect all equipment
with at least an appropriately sized shunt type power line protector.
6. Arcwave strongly recommends protecting the entire base station facility (including all
outdoor equipment) with a suitable uninterruptible power supply (UPS). One unit
Arcwave has found to be sized appropriately for one of its base stations is an APC 2U
rack mount SmartUPS 1400 VA-RM. Ensure that the UPS is bonded to the rack or
ground bus per manufacturer’s instructions.
7. In addition to the equipment power circuit specified in item E5 (above), provide additional
120 VAC outlets in the vicinity of the equipment rack for portable test equipment, laptop
computer chargers, etc.
8. Furnish suitable ambient and task lighting in the vicinity of the equipment rack to permit
installation and maintenance activities.
9. Provide for building security appropriate to the installation environment.
6.6
Base Station Installation Documentation
1. Complete documentation immediately after system turn-up.
2. One complete copy is to be kept in a loose-leaf binder at the base station for
maintenance personnel access and hand updates. At least one-second copy is to be
provided to the system operator.
3. Every wire and cable is to be labeled with a suitable permanent wire marking system.
Examples of label text are: “Sector 3 U/S”, or “DC to Sector 1”.
4. Many antenna installers utilize bands of colored tape to identify cabling running from the
equipment room to the antennas. If so installed, a ‘key’ to the coding must be furnished,
e.g., “red-red-yellow = Sector 1 D/S”
5. All 12 dB taps and signal splitters to be labeled: “Sector 1 D/S”
June 2003
Page 6-3
6. All up converters (CADCO's) to be labeled: “511 MHz – Sectors 1,3,5”
7. A key to sector number and approximate compass direction is to be posted: “Sector 1 –
N, Sector 2 – NE, etc.”
8. A complete single line diagram is to be furnished showing every component of the base
station, including equipment, power cables, signal cables and grounding. Labels on the
diagram must match exactly the physical labels on the actual equipment and cabling.
9. After system turn-up and a small number of pilot subscriber installations are complete
and active, spectrum analyzer traces must be captured and included in the system
documentation package.
a. All downstream 12 dB tap points (upconverter outputs)
b. All upstream 12 dB tap points (upstream input to the W-CMTS)
c. All upstream inputs to the W-CMTS (requires taking the sector out of service for
the trace capture)
June 2003
Page 6-4
7 Link Budget Parameters for 6x60 Hub
The following numbers are for a system with Vyyo wireless cable modems at the customer
site and the V3000W W-CMTS at the Hub. The six sectors involve upconverters and other
devices.
Path Loss is primarily free space path loss in the 5 GHz band.
Free Space Path Loss (dB@5 GHz) = 112 + 20*log(miles).
Loss (dB)
130.0
120.0
110.0
7.25
6.25
5.25
4.25
3.25
2.25
1.25
0.25
100.0
Distance (Miles)
Figure 7-1: Free Space Path Loss at 5 GHz band.
At the UNII frequency, the loss due to rain is negligible. For example, a heavy rain
“cloudburst” (4 inches/hour) only adds 0.5 dB loss, about as much as a connector.
June 2003
Page 7-1
Table 7-1: Upstream Link Power Budget
Minimum
CPE WCM output (dBmV)
Typical
+8
IF coax cable loss
Maximum
+58
Belden 9116
1.60 dB/100 ft
@ 55 MHz
Calculate
CPE IF input (dBmV)
+18
+58
CPE RF output (dBm)
-30
+10
CPE Tx Antenna gain (dBi)
+14
Path Loss (dB)
Calculate
Hub Receive Antenna gain
(dBi)
Hub RF input level (dBm)
Hub RF output level
16
-95
-85
-42 dBm
+6 dBmV
-32 dBm
+16 dBmV
53 dB gain
Calculate
Belden 1189A
1.60 dB/100 ft
@ 42 MHz
IF Coax cable loss
V3000W input (dBmV)
June 2003
Comment
-15
+16
+35
Page 7-2
Table 7-2: Downstream Link Power Budget
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
CPE WCM output (dBmV)
+20
+40
CADCO Upconverter Input
(dBmV)
+38
+45
CADCO Upconverter Output
(dBmV)
+40
+45
IF coax cable loss (dB)
Calculate
Hub Tx IF input (dBmV)
+35
Hub Tx RF output (dBm)
+17
Hub Tx Antenna gain (dBi)
+13
Path Loss (dB)
CPE Rx output level
June 2003
+15
Belden 1189A
4.6 dB/100 ft
@ 550 MHz
EIRP=30 dBm
22
-92
-52 dBm
-6 dBmV
IF Coax cable loss
WCM input (dBmV)(QPSK)
+50
Calculate
CPE Receive Antenna gain
(dBi)
CPE Rx input level (dBm)
Comment
-20
-52
-14 dBm
+34 dBmV
38 dB gain
Calculate
Belden 9116
4.6 dB/100 ft
@ 550 MHz
+15
+35
Page 7-3
8 Wireless Cable Modem Configuration –
CXC150W
This Section will describe the DOCSIS parameters that are needed for the wireless cable
modem configuration (CM) file. Any standard DOCSIS CM file generator or editor may be
used as long as the minimum parameters are settable. This Section will show how to create
a CM file using the Tality Cable Modem File Generator that is valid for use with any DOCSIS
compliant modem with the BSR1000W.
Button Placement
8.1.1
Creating a New File
With file generator open, click on File → New at the top of the window
8.1.2
Configure Network Access (required)
This option controls the status of the modem’s network interface
Select the Network Access button and set the value to ON (=1), then click Save
June 2003
Page 8-1
8.1.3
Set the Downstream Frequency (optional, but recommended)
By setting the downstream frequency received by the modem from the ARCell Transceiver,
modems will correctly center its downstream frequency. If this is not set, the modem may be
slightly off frequency resulting in poor performance.
Select the Downstream Frequency button and enter the center downstream frequency in
Hertz, then click Save.
8.1.4
Assigning an Upstream (optional, but recommended)
Assigning the modem to a specific will prevent the modem from locking on the wrong
upstream channel. When a modem can see multiple upstream channels it does not
automatically pick the best one. Setting the upstream ID will guarantee that the modem will
never lock on a different upstream channel
Click on the Upstream Channel ID button and enter the upstream ID that you want the
modem to be on, then click Save.
June 2003
Page 8-2
8.1.5
Specify the Maximum Number of CPEs behind the modem
(required).
The maximum number of network devices (e.g. computers) that the modem will allow must
be specified.
Click on the MAX CPE button and enter the upstream ID that you want the modem to be on.
Click Save.
8.1.6
Class of Service and Baseline Privacy (optional)
Click on the Class of Service button and the required parameters (all of them)
click Save.
Recommended Parameter Values
•
Class ID = 1
•
Max Downstream = Not available at this time
•
Max Upstream = Not available at this time
•
US Channel Priority = 0
•
Guar Min US Channel = 0
•
Maximum US Burst
•
CoS Privacy Enable = 1
Click on the Baseline Privacy button and the required parameters (all of them)
June 2003
Page 8-3
click Save.
Recommended Parameter Values
•
Auth Wait Timeout = 10
•
Re-auth Wait Timeout = 10
•
Auth Grace Time = 300
•
Oper. Wait Timeout = 10
•
Re-key Wait Timeout = 10
•
TEK Grace Time = 60
•
Auth. Rej. Wait Timeout = 60
8.1.7
June 2003
Save file
Page 8-4
9 W-CMTS BSR1000W Setup Guide
The purpose of this Section is to assist in setting up the BSR1000W W-CMTS. It
outlines the required steps need to bring up the CMTS. Advanced features of the CMTS will
not be discussed. For more detailed description, refer to the manual that came with the
CMTS.
9.1
Factory Settings BSR1000W
This Section describes how the BSR1000W is shipped from Arcwave. It has a single
Downstream set to 511 MHz, and single Upstream set to 9.6 MHz. Instructions on changing
settings follows.
All required passwords (telnet, console, etc): “arcell”
IP settings
Ethernet = 10.10.10.203 255.255.255.0
Cable IP address = 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Cable helper address (location of DOCSIS TCP/IP services) = 10.10.10.201
Downstream configuration
Downstream 0 power-level 450
Downstream 0 frequency (Hertz) 511000000
Cable wireless downstream modulation QPSK
No downstream 0 shutdown (turns the downstream ON)
Upstream Configuration
Upstream 0 power-level 70
Upstream 0 frequency 9600000
Upstream 0 modulation-profile 2
Upstream 0 channel-width 3200000
No upstream 0 shutdown
*upstream 1-3 are off
SNMP Server
Community name: public
Privileges: read/write
9.2
Connecting to the BSR1000 CMTS
1. Configure the terminal application on your PC’s serial port to the following
•
Bits per second: 9600 bits per second
•
Data Bits: 8
•
Parity: None
•
Stop Bits: 1
June 2003
Page 9-1
•
Flow Control: None
2. Connect the BSR1000 to the PC using a NULL MODEM CABLE
3. Power on the BSR1000 (DO NOT INTERRUPT THE BOOT PROCESS).
9.3
Setting the System Passwords
4. Once the boot process is complete, press the ‘ENTER’ key and the prompt ‘RDN>’ (or
similar) should appear.
5. In order to view/make system changes, you must enter Privileged EXEC mode. This
mode is entered using the ‘enable’ command. Afterwards the system will prompt for a
password. Units that are preconfigured by Arcwave will have the password set to
‘arcell’.
•
RDN > enable.
•
Password: arcell (system will not echo password)
•
RDN #
6. System changes must be made in GLOBAL CONFIGURATION MODE. You can this
mode by typing ‘configure’ from the Privileged EXEC mode
•
RDN # configure (typing ‘config’ will also work)
•
RDN (config) #
7. Set the password for the terminal session (Privileged EXEC mode)
•
RDN (config)# password 0 ‘your password’ (must be less than 31 characters)
8. Set the password for telnet login (set only if you want telnet access)
•
RDN (config)# password telnet 0 ‘your password’ (must be less than 31
characters)
9. Set the Privileged EXEC mode
•
RDN (config)# enable password 0 ‘your password’ (must be less than 31
characters)
9.4
Configure the Ethernet IP Address
10. Enter the Interface Configuration mode for the Ethernet interface by entering ‘interface
ethernet’ command in Global Configuration mode.
•
RDN(config)# interface ethernet 0/0
•
RDN(config-if)#
11. Enter the primary Ethernet IP address and subnet mask for the BSR1000W by using the
‘ip-address’ command.
•
RDN(config-if) # ip address 10.10.10.203 255.255.255.0 (Arcwave preconfigured
standard).
•
This sets the CMTS’ IP address to 10.10.10.203 on the subnet 255.255.255.0
12. Activate the Ethernet port using the following command
•
RDN(config-if) # no shutdown
June 2003
Page 9-2
9.5
Configure Cable IP Address
13. Enter the Interface Configuration mode for the cable interface by entering ‘interface
cable’ command in Global Configuration mode.
•
RDN (config)# interface cable 0/0
•
RDN (config-if)#
14. Enter the cable IP address and subnet mask by using the ‘ip-address’ command.
•
RDN(config-if) # ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 (ARCWAVE preconfigured
standard).
15. Activate the cable interface using the following command
•
RDN(config-if) # no shutdown
9.6
Configure the CMTS
16. The ‘cable helper-address’ function is used to disassemble a cable modem’s DHCP
broadcast packet, and reassemble the DHCP broadcast packet into a unicast packet so
that the packet can traverse through the router and communicate with the DHCP server.
•
RDN(config-if) # cable helper-address 10.10.10.201 cable-modem, (10.10.10.201
is the IP address of the destination DHCP server)
•
RDN(config-if) # cable helper-address 10.10.10.201 host (This forwards DHCP
requests from computers behind the modem)
•
RDN(config-if) # ip dhcp relay information option
•
RDN(config-if) # ip helper-address ‘gateway ip’ (This forwards all other packets to
the gateway)
Note: 10.10.10.201 is the Arcwave standard IP address of the server that contains
the DHCP, TOD, and TFTP servers.
9.7
Configure Downstream Port
The BSR1000W purchased from Arcwave, is a wireless enhanced DOCSIS CMTS. As
a result, ignore the setup procedures presented in the Quick Start Guide. Please follow
the following instructions:
17. In Global Configuration mode, enter the cable interface using the following command:
RDN(config) #interface cable 0/0
18. Set the fixed downstream center frequency using the following command:
•
RDN(config-if) #cable downstream 0 frequency xxxxxxxxx (where xxxxxxxxx
represents the frequency in hertz).
19. Set the Wireless Downstream Modulation to QPSK or 16QAM using the following
command:
•
RND(config-if)# cable wireless downstream modulation qpsk for QPSK
•
RND(config-if)# cable wireless downstream modulation 16qam for 16QAM
20. Set the downstream RF output level with the following command
•
RND(config-if)# cable downstream 0 power-level # (# ranges from 450-630).
June 2003
Page 9-3
21. Finally enable the downstream by using the following command:
•
RDN(config-if) #no cable downstream 0 shutdown
9.8
Configure Upstream Ports:
22. Set the upstream center frequency for the upstream port by using the ‘cable upstream
frequency’ command
•
RDN(config-if)# cable upstream ‘port number <0-3>’ frequency <500000042000000>
•
Example: RDN(config-if)# cable upstream 0 frequency 9600000
23. Set the upstream channel width to 3.2Mhz.
•
RDN(config-if)# cable upstream ‘port number <0-3>’ channel-width
•
Example: RDN(config-if)# cable upstream 0 channel-width 3200000
24. Apply a modulation profile to the upstream port. The ARCWAVE standard is profile 2.
•
RDN(config-if)# cable upstream ‘port number <0-3>’ modulation-profile <1-16>
•
Example: RDN(config-if)# cable upstream 0 modulation-profile 2
25. Set the expected upstream power-level the CMTS expects from the cable modems
•
RDN(config-if)# cable upstream ‘port number <0-3>’ power-level <>
•
Example: RDN(config-if)# cable upstream 0 power-level 70
26. Enable the upstream port using the following command
•
(config-if)# no cable upstream ‘port number <0-3>’ shutdown
Note: Remember that your upstream frequency must match your ARCell upstream receiver.
9.9
Configure Basic Routing
You must specify where to direct IP packets originating from the BSR1000’s cable interface.
IP routing must be configured properly for cable modems behind the BSR1000 to access the
Internet. The Quick Start Guide is not clear, so follow the instructions below:
27. In Global Configuration Mode, type the following
•
RDN(config) # ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (Where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is
the IP address of the gateway)
9.10 Save the Configuration
28. In order to retain system configuration after system power off / reboot use the ‘copy’
command in Privileged EXEC mode
•
RDN# copy
•
Example: RDN# copy running-config startup-config
June 2003
Page 9-4
9.11 Creating a static route from the server to the BSR1000
A static route must be set on all servers on the network that will communicate to the
cable interface (e.g. modems) of the BSR1000.
29. Windows 2000 Server: At DOS command prompt
•
Route add mask -p
•
Example: route add 192.168.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.203 –p
•
10.10.10.203 is the Ethernet IP address of the BSR1000
June 2003
Page 9-5
10 Windows 2000 DHCP Server
This Section is written for both the Motorola BSR1000W and for the Vyyo V3000
wireless CMTSs.
Most of the text is for a Motorola BSR1000 system. With the exception of the IP
Addressing scheme, all other DHCP parameters values are valid for a Vyyo WMTS. Pay
particular attention to any bold captions under screenshots for changes for Vyyo systems.
Requirements:
Windows 2000 Server with DHCP installed
10.1 Setup Procedures
1. In the “Administrative Tools”, open DHCP.
2. Highlight the NMS machine and add a new scope by clicking on “Action” > “New
Scope”.
3. Follow the on screen instructions entering necessary instructions
a. IP Address Range – Specify the valid address range for the server
June 2003
Page 10-1
*Arcwave standard addresses for the Vyyo is 10.10.10.1 – 10.10.10.254
b. Add Exclusions – Specify address that you do not want DHCP to issue. You must
exclude the W-CMTS’ cable IP address.
*Exclude the WMTS and NMS IP Address for Vyyo systems
c.
June 2003
Lease Duration
Page 10-2
4. Configure DHCP options – Select “No” and click “Next”.
5. Activate Scope by highlighting the scope and click the
button.
10.2 Configuring Server Options
6. Highlight “Server Options” and Click “Action” → “Configure Options”.
June 2003
Page 10-3
7. In the “General Tab” , check the following and enter the specified value
a. 003 Router – Input: Enter router’s IP address (cable IP address) or Gateway for Vyyo
systems.
b. 004 Time Server – Input: NMS’ IP address
c.
006 DNS Server –Enter the IP address of the DNS server (e.g. router or NMS)
d. 066 Boot Server Host Name - Input: NMS’ network ID (name).
OPTIONAL (DO NOT include if you are going to register modems. See below for more details)
e. 067 Bootfile Name - Input: configuration file the modem loads (e.g. mic1.cfg)
8. When finished Click “Apply” then “OK”. Your window should now look similar to
this:
*Option 003 Router must will be the Gateway IP address for Vyyo systems
10.3 Registering Modems
If you only wish to allow specific modems to be in the network, then you must register the
modem to a specific IP address. Here are the steps to register a modem:
9. Add a new “Reservation” in the Reservations under the Scope, by clicking on
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10. Enter a required information, and click “Add” when finished
*Reservations for Vyyo Systems will have an IP address of 10.10.10.x
11. Your window should look similar to this:
*Reservations for Vyyo Systems will have an IP address of 10.10.10.x
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12. You must specify a bootfile for the registered modem to download.
a. Go the “Reservations” and highlight the reservation you wish to configure.
*Reservations for Motorola systems will have an IP address of 192.168.2.x
b. Click
c.
on the tool bar.
In the “General” tab, check “067 Bootfile Name” and specify the new boot file.
Note: To prevent unauthorized modem into the network, remove option “067 Bootfile Name”
from the “Server Options” in step 2 (this is NOT the same as “Reservation Options”).
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10.4 Restricting Addresses
It’s best to restrict a pool of addresses just for modems. In the “Address Pool” click
to
add a restriction. Any unrestricted addresses will be used for other clients (e.g. computers,
routers) on the network. This only needs to be set once.
10.5 Viewing Leases
If you wish to view the IP Addresses that have been leased, click on “Address Leases”
under the Scope.
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11 Time-of-Day Server Setup Guide
The purpose of this Section is to review installing the TimeSync (RFC 86816) server for
Arcwave systems. TimeSync will install on any Windows 2000/NT operating system and
provide the time-of-day server required by DOCSIS.
11.1 Install TimeSync
1. Go to ARCELL / Servers directory, then to Timesync
2. Locate and run Install
11.2 Configure TimeSync
3. Execute
which can be found in the Windows Control Panel.
4. Once running click on the Server tab and check Time (RFC868)
5. Click OK to finish
16
RFCs are “standards” set by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and are available at
http://www.ietf.org/rfc.
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12 BSR1000W SNMPc View and Community
The SNMP control function is located in the privilege exec mode of the CLI. In order to
provision community names and access privileges such as Read Only, Read/Write, or Trap
a view will need to be created.
From the RDN# prompt type snmp view, followed by the name (view) to be created and the
following OID value 1.3.6 this is the location of where in the MIB OID that you will begin
management. Follow that with inc or exc to included or exclude privileges.
example: RDN#(config) snmp view public_v 1.3.6 inc
Now that the view has been created Community Names will need to be set for the different
privilege levels.
example: RDN#(config) snmp community public ro view public_v and
RDN#(config)snmp community private rw view public_v
In the above examples we have created a view named public_v and have given that view
Read only privileges with a community name of public and read/write privileges with a
community name of private.
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13 SolarWinds’ TFTP-Server
The SolarWinds’ TFTP Server allows initializing modems to download a cable
modem file (cm file) to complete its registration process. This particular TFTP-Server will
run on any Windows 2000/NT/XP operating system. All files/folders referred to in this
document can be found either on the CD-ROM provided by ARCWAVE or in C:\ARCELL\
13.1 Installing the server
1. Execute Install located in Servers \ TFTP
1.1. Accept Registry changes. Applying these changes will allow the TFTP server to run
as a Windows Service.
13.2 Configure the Window’s Service
2. Open Windows Services which can be found in Administration Tools in the Windows
Control Panel.
3. Double click on
to bring up the properties window.
4. Verify that the “Startup type” is set to Automatic
5. Go to the Log On tab and enable the service to interact with the desktop.
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6. Click OK when finished
7. Check for proper operation by stopping the service, the restarting it. This can be done
by right-clicking on
If properly configured the TFTP-Server window will come up.
13.3 Configure the TFTP Server
8. Open the TFTP Server Configuration by going to File → Configure
9. Select the TFTP Root Directory. This is the directory that contains the CM files the
modem will download. (Various ARCWAVE standards: \ARCi\MIC, \ARCELL\cmfiles)
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10. Go the Security tab and select Transmit and Receive files (for security reasons you my
elect to select ‘Transmit Only’).
11. Click OK to finish.
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14 Cable System Basics
This Section reviews the basic system operation between the CMTS and the Cable Modem.
A hybrid fiber coax cable system looks like Figure 14-1.
Off-Air
TV Stations
Satellite-Fed
Services
Cable Modem
System (CMTS)
Fiber
Transmitter
Downstream to other Neighborhood Nodes
Neighborhood
Fiber Node
Coax Distribution - Two Way
Subscribers
Upstream
Fiber
Receiver
Upstream
Fiber
Receiver
NOTE:
- Many neighborhood nodes are fed
from common downstream
- Each neighborhood node is a
separate upstream
Figure 14-1: Typical Hybrid Fiber Coax cable system.
As a cable modem enters the system, it has to accomplish a number of tasks:
1. Tuning
2. Ranging
3. Connection
4. Configuration
5. Registration
6. Maintenance
These are briefly described below.
14.1 Tuning
The cable modem steps through the standard 6 MHz downstream channels listening for a
signal. If it finds one, it looks for the DOCSIS frames. If it doesn’t find one, it continues the
scan.
If it finds a DOCSIS frame, then it synchronizes to it. This includes the modulation (QAM),
error correction (FEC), etc.
The model extracts the information it needs, which includes the Upstream channel
characteristics: channel, bandwidth, modulation, error correction, encoding, etc.
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Note that DOCSIS permits multiple Upstream channels to work with a single Downstream
channel.
14.2 Ranging
The CMTS is not aware that a new cable modem has entered the system until it receives an
initial RF burst from the modem. As the CMTS receives this RF burst, it commands the
modem to increase or decrease its transmitter power. The CMTS’ receiver operates best
when all the cable modems RF is received at the same power level.
The CMTS assigns the modem an initial time slot.
14.3 Connection
After the initial communications link is set up at the RF level, the cable modem has to start
entering the system. The CMTS sends it information about the various servers it has to
interact with: the IP addresses for the DHCP, ToD and other servers.
14.4 Configuration
The CMTS sends the modem the standard modem configuration file, which includes an IP
address for the modem.
14.5 Registration
The cable modem initiates the registration process, which includes the class of service
subscribed to and the general Authentication, Authorization and Accounting class of
features and attributes.
Security is also handled during this phase, with RSA and DES encryption keys being
exchanged, as appropriate.
14.6 Maintenance
Periodically the entire cable system will go through recalibration of power levels, frequency
accuracy, channel assignments, load balancing, etc., all of which requires hand-shaking
between the cable modem and the CMTS.
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15 Reader Feedback
Readers of this Manual are encouraged to forward their corrections and comments to:
Customer Service
Arcwave, Inc.
910 Campisi Way, #1F
Campbell, CA 95008
408-558-2763 (direct)
Email: RMelzig@arcwaveinc.com
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