Crossbow Technology 005MPR1000 902-928MHz, Frequency Hopping, Wireless Network User Manual

Crossbow Technology, Inc. 902-928MHz, Frequency Hopping, Wireless Network

manual

MPR-MIB Users Manual Revision B, June 2006 PN: 7430-0021-07
© 2002-2006 Crossbow Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Crossbow, MoteWorks, MICA, TrueMesh and XMesh are registered trademarks of Crossbow Technology, Inc. Other product and trade names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................1 2 MPR2400 (MICAz).................................................................................................................2 2.1 Product Summary .......................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR2400 / MICAz......................................... 2 3 MPR400/MPR410/MPR420 (MICA2)..................................................................................6 3.1 Product Summary .......................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Block Diagram and Schematics: MPR400/410/420 ...................................................... 6 4 MPR500/MPR510/MPR520 (MICA2DOT) .......................................................................11 4.1 Product Summary ........................................................................................................ 11 4.2 On-board Thermistor ................................................................................................... 11 4.3 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT .................... 12 5 MPR300/MPR310 (MICA) ..................................................................................................16 5.1 Schematic..................................................................................................................... 16 6 MPR1000 (MICA3) ..............................................................................................................17 6.1 Block Diagram............................................................................................................. 17 6.2 Schematic..................................................................................................................... 17 6.3 Regulatory Compliance ............................................................................................... 18 7 Power .....................................................................................................................................19 7.1 Battery Power .............................................................................................................. 19 7.2 External Power............................................................................................................. 20 7.3 MICAz Battery Voltage Monitor................................................................................. 21 7.4 MICA2 Battery Voltage Monitor................................................................................. 21 7.5 MICA2DOT Battery Voltage Monitor ........................................................................ 22 8 Radios.....................................................................................................................................23 8.1 MICA2 and MICA2DOT............................................................................................. 23 8.2 MICAz ......................................................................................................................... 25 9 Antennas..............................................................................................................................28 9.1 Radio/Antenna Considerations .................................................................................... 28 9.2 Connectors for the MICA2 and MICAz and Whip Antennas...................................... 29 10 Flash Data Logger and Serial ID Chip ............................................................................30 11 Atmega128 Fuses................................................................................................................31 12 Sensor Boards & Expansion Connectors.........................................................................32 12.1 Sensor Board Compatibility..................................................................................... 32 12.2 MICAz and MICA2 Expansion Connector.............................................................. 32
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 2 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 12.3 MICA2DOT Expansion Connector.......................................................................... 34 13 MIB300 / MIB500 Interface Boards.................................................................................36 13.1 Programming the Mote ............................................................................................ 36 13.2 RS-232 Interface ...................................................................................................... 36 14 MIB510 Serial Interface Boards.......................................................................................37 14.1 Product Summary..................................................................................................... 37 14.2 ISP............................................................................................................................ 37 14.3 Mote Programming Using the MIB510 ................................................................... 37 14.4 Interfaces to MICAz, MICA2, and MICA2DOT ..................................................... 38 15 MIB520 USB Interface Board...........................................................................................42 15.1 ISP............................................................................................................................ 42 15.2 Mote Programming Using the MIB520 ................................................................... 42 15.3 MIB520 Use............................................................................................................. 43 15.4 Reset......................................................................................................................... 43 15.5 JTAG........................................................................................................................ 43 15.6 Power........................................................................................................................ 43 15.7 USB Interface........................................................................................................... 43 15.8 51-Pin Mote Connector Interface............................................................................. 44 16 MIB600 Ethernet Interface Board...................................................................................46 16.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 46 16.2 Setup / Installation.................................................................................................... 46 16.3 Host Software........................................................................................................... 48 16.4 MIB600 Use............................................................................................................. 48 16.5 JTAG........................................................................................................................ 49 17 Appendix A: 10/100 Base-T Cabling tandards................................................................51 18 Appendix B. Warranty and Support Information..........................................................52 18.1 Customer Service ..................................................................................................... 52 18.2 Contact Directory ..................................................................................................... 52 18.3 Return Procedure...................................................................................................... 52 18.4 Warranty................................................................................................................... 53
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 3 About This Document The following annotations have been used to provide additional information. ; NOTE Note provides additional information about the topic. ; EXAMPLE Examples are given throughout the manual to help the reader understand the terminology. 3 IMPORTANT This symbol defines items that have significant meaning to the user 0 WARNING The user should pay particular attention to this symbol. It means there is a chance that physical harm could happen to either the person or the equipment. The following paragraph heading formatting is used in this manual: 1 Heading 1 1.1 Heading 2 1.1.1 Heading 3 This document also uses different body text fonts (listed in Table 0-1) to help you distinguish between names of files, commands to be typed, and output coming from the computer. Table 0-1. Font types used in this document. Font Type Usage Courier New Normal Sample code and screen output Courier New Bold Commands to be typed by the user Times New Roman Italic TinyOS files names, directory names Franklin Medium Condensed Text labels in GUIs
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 1 1 Introduction This User’s Manual describes the hardware features of the Mote Processor Radio (MPR) platforms and Mote Interface Boards (MIB) for network base stations and programming interfaces. It is intended for understanding and leveraging Crossbow’s Smart Dust hardware design in real-world sensor network, smart RFID, and ubiquitous computing applications. Table 1-1 below lists the models in this Manual. Table 1-1. This User’s Manual covers these MPR and MIB models. MPR 2400 (MICAz) 400/410/420 (MICA2) 500/510/520 (MICA2DOT) 300/310 (MICA) MIB 600 510 500 300 The Table 1-2 below summarizes the main features of each Mote. Table 1-2. Mote Product Summary. Mote Hardware Platform MICAz MICA2 MICA2DOT MICA Models (as of April 2005) MPR2400 MPR400/410/420 MPR500/510/520 MPR300/310 Chip ATMega128L ATMega103L Type 7.37 MHz, 8 bit 4 MHz, 8 bit 4 MHz, 8 bit MCU Program Memory (kB) 128 SRAM (kB) 4 Type 51 pin 18 pin 51 pin 10-Bit ADC 7, 0 V to 3 V input 6, 0 V to 3 V input 7, 0 V to 3 V input UART 2 1 2 Sensor Board Interface Other interfaces DIO, I2C DIO DIO, I2C Chip CC2420 CC1000 TR1000 Radio Frequency (MHz) 2400 315/433/915 433/915 Max. Data Rate (kbits/sec) 250 38.4 40 RF Transceiver (Radio) Antenna Connector MMCX PCB solder hole Chip AT45DB014B Connection Type SPI Flash Data Logger Memory Size (kB) 512 Type AA, 2× Coin (CR2354) AA, 2× Typical capacity (mA-hr) 2000 560 2000 Default power source 3.3 V booster N/A 9 This Manual is not a software guide to programming the motes in TinyOS/nesC, nor is it a guide to pre-built software packages that run on top of the Motes. The following two resources are available regarding software:  TinyOS Getting Started Guide by Crossbow Technology, Inc. available on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM or the Crossbow web site at www.xbow.com under Support>User’s Manuals.  The TinyOS web site at http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 2 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 2 MPR2400 (MICAz) 2.1 Product Summary The MICAz is the latest generation of Motes from Crossbow Technology. The MPR2400 (2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz band) uses the Chipcon CC2420, IEEE 802.15.4 compliant, ZigBee ready radio frequency transceiver integrated with an Atmega128L micro-controller. The same MICA2, 51 pin I/O connector, and serial flash memory is used; all MICA2 application software and sensor boards are compatible with the MPR2400. Figure 2-1. Photo of the MPR2400—MICAz with standard antenna. For the dimensions of the board and locations of the mounting holes, see Figure 2-2. 2.2 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR2400 / MICAz Feature ChapterBatteries 6Radio 7Antenna 8Data Flash Logger 9Atmega128 10Expansion Connector 11 Logger FlashATMega128LµcontrollerAnalog I/ODigital I/OCC2420 DSSS Radio51-Pin Expansion ConnectorAntennaMMCX connectorLEDsLogger FlashATMega128LµcontrollerAnalog I/ODigital I/OCC2420 DSSS Radio51-Pin Expansion ConnectorAntennaMMCX connectorLEDs
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 3 Figure 2-1. Block diagram of the MICA2 and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in greater detail. 2.2.1 51-pin Expansion Connector
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 4 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 2.2.2 CC2420 Radio
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 5 2.2.3 Battery, ADC1
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 6 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 3 MPR400/MPR410/MPR420 (MICA2) 3.1 Product Summary The MICA2 Motes come in three models according to their RF frequency band: the MPR400 (915 MHz), MPR410 (433 MHz), and MPR420 (315 MHz). The Motes use the Chipcon CC1000, FSK modulated radio. All models utilize a powerful Atmega128L micro-controller and a frequency tunable radio with extended range. The MPR4x0 and MPR5x0 radios are compatible and can communicate with each other. (The x = 0, 1, or 2 depending on the model / frequency band.) Figure 3-1. Left: Photo of a MICA2 (MPR4x0) without an antenna. Right: Top and plan views showing the dimensions and hole locations of the MICA2 PCB without the battery pack. 3.2 Block Diagram and Schematics: MPR400/410/420 Feature ChapterBattery / Ext. Power6Radio 7Antenna 8Data Flash Logger 9Atmega128 10Expansion Connector11 Figure 3-2. Block diagram of the MICA2 and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in greater detail. MMCX connector (female) 51-pin Hirose connector (male) On/Off Switch External power connector Atmel® ATMega128 Logger FlashATMega128LµcontrollerAnalog I/ODigital I/OCC1000 FSK51-Pin Expansion ConnectorAntennaMMCX connectorLEDsPowerConnectorLogger FlashATMega128LµcontrollerAnalog I/ODigital I/OCC1000 FSK51-Pin Expansion ConnectorAntennaMMCX connectorLEDsPowerConnector
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 7 3.2.1 Battery, Power, and ADC1 VSNSINSTALLNOT INSTALLEDNOT INSTALLEDNOT INSTALLEDNOT INSTALLEDJ4CONN1212SW2SPDT123R810KU2LM4041-1.2123R10 OHMTP3R1R2R4R8RT1D1BAT54CBAT_MONBOARD OPTIONSR20 OHMR40 OHMADC7R51KVCCC2.1uF C1.1uFBT1BATTERY_2AA12V-V+R610KADC1R30 OHMVSNSRTHERM_PWRADC[0..7]RT110.0KR718.2K 3.2.2 CC1000 AVCCR1210KL5R111MCHP_OUT6310-0306-01 AMICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZB26Friday, March 21, 2003TitleSize Document Number RevDate: Sheet ofAVCCR101ML2C184.7pFRADIO DATAL4C14Y414.7456MHZ21 21C1913pFC13R91MC6.001uFPDATAL1 BEAD-0805C11.001uFL3J5MMCX123VCCR1327.4KC16.001uFAVCCJ3HDR 2 X 1 X .11212U3CC100021159153410111213 18172324252627 28VCCAVCCAVCCAVCCAVCCRF_INRF_OUTL1L2CHP_OUTR_BIAS XOSC1XOSC2DIODCLKPCLKPDATAPALE RSSIC12C7.001uFC17RADIO CONTROLVCCC15AVCCPALEPDATAC100.033uFC50.033uFDCLKPCLKSPI_SCKSPI_MOSISPI_MISOCHP_OUTADC0 (RSSI)C9220PFPALESPI_MISOPCLKPDATAPALER1482.5KADC0C2013pFSPI_SCKVCCVCCC8220PFDCLK
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 8 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 3.2.3 51-pin Expansion Connector: Location J21 ADC4AC+SPI_SCKUART_RXD0USART1_RXDDESCRIPTIONADC3PW2ALEPWM1AADC2BAT_MONGNDVSNSRINT3INT2INT1INT0BAT_MONLED3LED2LED1RDWRALEPW7USART1_CLKPROG_MOSIPROG_MISOSPI_SCKUSART1_RXDUSART1_TXDI2C_CLKI2C_DATAPWM0PWM1AAC+AC-NAMEADC7PW5INT1ADC1PINTHRU3LED3LED1ADC[0..7]I2C_CLKPWM1BAC-PWM0 RSTNUART_TXD0RDINT2ADC5INT3THERM_PWRPW4UART_RXD0THRU1USART1_CLKPROG_MISOADC6PW1T[0..3]1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526VCCHIROSE PLUGJ21DF9-51P-1V(54)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051WRPROG_MOSITHRU2LED2PW0PW6ADC0VSNSRI2C_DATAPW7INT0 PW3UART_TXD0USART1_TXDGROUNDSENSOR SUPPLYGPIOGPIOGPIOGPIOBATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLELED3LED2LED1GPIOGPIOGPIOPOWER CONTROL 7USART1 CLOCKSERIAL PROGRAM MOSISERIAL PROGRAM MISOSPI SERIAL CLOCKUSART1 RX DATAUSART1 TX DATAI2C BUS CLOCKI2C BUS DATAGPIO/PWM0GPIO/PWM1AGPIO/AC+GPIO/AC-PW[0..7] 3.2.4 51-pin Expansion Pads: Location J22 THRU1PW4AC+ALETHRU2PROG_MISOUART_TXD0PWM0I2C_DATAADC[0..7]PW1PW[0..7]I2C_CLKADC6THRU3PW2USART1_RXDSPI_SCKBAT_MON6310-0306-01 AMICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZCROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.B46Friday, March 21, 2003TitleSize Document Number RevDate: Sheet ofPW6INT0UART_RXD0UART_TXD0PW0PW1PW2PW3PW4PW5PW6ADC7ADC6ADC5ADC4ADC3ADC2ADC1ADC0THERM_PWRTHRU1THRU2THRU3RSTNPWM1BVCCGNDADC5PWM1BAC-ADC3PWM1AINT1LED1ADC0USART1_CLK ADC1THERM_PWRNAME DESCRIPTIONADC7USART1_TXDM20MTG12811VSNSRINT3PROG_MOSIADC4HIROSE SOCKETJ22DF9B-51S-1V123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051M18MTG12811INT[0..3]WRPW3RSTNPW7UART_0 RECEIVEUART_0 TRANSMITPOWER CONTROL 0POWER CONTROL 1POWER CONTROL 2POWER CONTROL 3POWER CONTROL 4POWER CONTROL 5POWER CONTROL 6ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDIADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDOADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMSADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCKADC INPUT 3ADC INPUT 2ADC INPUT 1ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITORTEMP SENSOR ENABLETHRU CONNECT 1THRU CONNECT 2THRU CONNECT3RESET (NEG)GPIO/PWM1BDIGITAL SUPPLYGROUNDLED2VCCUART_RXD0PINPW5PW0ADC2INT2LED3RD27282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 9 3.2.5 ATMega128L VCCBAT_MONC23.1uFSPI_MISOINT0PW6RDINT3ADC7PWM1AC3613pFR2010KVSNSRADC5LED3PW0Y332.768KHZ43 21X2GND GNDX1UART_TXD0I2C_CLKLED1AC+PW5R1610KPW3C22.1uFU7ATMEGA128L5150494847464544101112131415161735363738394041422526272829303132234567896160595857565554646212024233334431819PA0/AD0PA1/AD1PA2/AD2PA3/AD3PA4/AD4PA5/AD5PA6/AD6PA7/AD7PB0/SSPB1/SCKPB2/MOSIPB3/MISOPB4/OC0PB5/OC1APB6/OC1BPB7/OC1CPC0/A8PC1/A9PC2/A10PC3/A11PC4/A12PC5/A13PC6/A14PC7/A15PD0/I2C_CLKPD1/I2C_DATAPD2/RXD1PD3/TXD1PD4/IC1PD5/XCK1PD6/T1PD7/T2PE0/RXD0PE1/TXD0PE2/XCK0PE3/OC3APE4/OC3BPE5/OC3CPE6/T3PE7/IC3PF0/ADC0PF1/ADC1PF2/ADC2PF3/ADC3PF4/TCKPF5/TMSPF6/TDOPF7/TDIAVCCAREFPENRSTXTAL1XTAL2PG0/WRPG1/RDPG2/ALEPG3/TOSC2PG4/TOSC1USART1_CLKC21.1uFFLASH_CSWRSPI_SCK ADC2ADC3R2110KPW1CHP_OUTTHERM_PWRPWM1BRSTNADC4VCCPALEAC-INT2LED2ADC1PWM0USART1_RXDPW4R180 OHMSERIAL_IDR15470UART_RXD0INT[0..3]C3513pFI2C_DATAPW[0..7]6310-0306-01 AMICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZCROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.B56Friday, March 21, 2003TitleSize Document Number RevDate: Sheet ofADC0ADC6ALEPDATAPCLKY27.3728MHZ2341X2X2X1X1PW7ADC[0..7]SPI_MOSIUSART1_TXDPW2INT1
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 10 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 3.2.6 Flash Memory, Serial ID, LEDs, USART SERIAL_IDVCCPCLKPDATAPALED2RED126310-0306-01 AMICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZCROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.B66Friday, March 21, 2003TitleSize Document Number RevDate: Sheet ofC27.01uFFLASH INTERFACEUSART1_CLKC28.01uFRADIO CONTROLC321000pFR234.7KVCCC30.01uFUSART1_TXDU5AT45DB0411234 58SISCKRSTCS WPSOUART INTERFACEUART_RXD0UART_TXD0CONTROL INTERFACER191MLED2U6DS2401P2DQD4YELLOW12USART1_RXD+C2410uF10VR27470I2C_CLKI2C_DATASPI_SCKSPI_MOSISPI_MISOCHP_OUTADC0(RSSI)RADIO DATALED1ADC7C29.01uFC25.01uFR25470R221MVCCC331000pFLED3FLASH_CSFLASH_CSVCCD3GREEN12FLASH_SIFLASH_SOFLASH_CLKSERIAL_IDSENSOR INTERFACER26470PW[0..7]ADC[1..6]USART1_RXDVCCVCC MONITORUART_TXD0C311000pF C341000pFC26.01uF
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 11 4 MPR500/MPR510/MPR520 (MICA2DOT) 4.1 Product Summary The MICA2DOT is a Mote designed for applications where physical size is important. Like the MICA2, these are available in three models according to the frequency of the RF transceiver: the MPR500 (915 MHz), MPR510 (433 MHz), and MPR520 (315 MHz). The Motes use the Chipcon CC1000 FSK-modulated radio. All models utilize a powerful ATMega128L micro-controller and a frequency tunable radio with extended range. The MPR4x0 and MPR5x0 radios are compatible and can communicate with each other as long as the “x” is the same number. Figure 4-1. Photos of the MICA2DOT shown next to a US quarter: a) Top-side and b) Bottom-side. Typically the MICA2DOT has a 3 V coin-cell battery holder attached to the bottom-side, but it has been removed to show the details. 4.2 On-board Thermistor The MICA2DOT Mote has an on-board thermistor (Panasonic ERT-J1VR103J) which is a surface mount component. It is on the ATMega128 side of the board at the location labeled “RT1.” Its output is at ADC1 and is enabled by setting PW6 (PC6/A14) to “LO” and PW7 (PC7/A15) to “HI.” The Mote’s ADC output can be converted to degrees kelvin in the 273.15 K to 323.15 K (0°C to 50 °C) range using the Steinhart-Hart equation, which is a widely used third-order approximation. 3)(lnln1)(thrthr RcRbaKT ++= where: ()ADCADCFSADCRRthr−×=_1 and a, b and c are called the Steinhart-Hart parameters with the following values: (a) Top-side (b) Bottom-side Atmel® ATMega128 Chipcon® CC1000
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 12 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B a = 0.00130705 b = 0.000214381 c = 0.000000093 R1 = 10 kΩ ADC_FS = 1023 ADC = output value from the Mote’s ADC measurement. 4.3 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT Feature ChapterBattery / Ext. Power 6Radio 7Antenna 8Data Flash Logger 9Atmega128 10Expansion Connector 11 Figure 4-2. Block diagram of the MICA2DOT and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in greater detail. ATMega128LµcontrollerAnalog I/ODigital I/OFreq. Tunable RadioLogger FlashAntennaAntenna25 mm19 peripheral pins
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 13 4.3.1 MICA2DOT CC1000 Radio Side R1310KR1727.4KL3R111MVCCAC12AVCCL4TP18PDATAVCCAC6220PFPDATAC4.001uFPALEC9.001uFAVCC6310-0300-01 AMICA DOT2 RADIO SIDEB13Wednesday, March 26, 2003TitleSize Document Number RevDate: Sheet ofDCLKL2 BEAD-0805C30.033uFR121MAVCCC10DCLKC2013pFAVCCU3CC100021159153410111213 18172324252627 28VCCAVCCAVCCAVCCAVCCRF_INRF_OUTL1L2CHP_OUTR_BIAS XOSC1XOSC2DIODCLKPCLKPDATAPALE RSSIPOT_PWRSPI_MISOSPI_SCKL9VCCAC18C16.001uFC174.7pFR1882.5KPALETP17Y114.7456MHZ21 X2X1C19C13PCLKVCCAINT3ADC0L8R101MC2113pFR3510K
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 14 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 4.3.2 MIC2DOT ATMega128L, ADC Interfaces, Battery PW5Y532.768KHZ321NCX2X1SPI_MOSIINT0SPI_SCKPDATAVCCAR2210KPWM1BPW[0..7]R21470ADC1POT_PWRLED2UART_RXD0INT1ALEADC6ADC5AC+LED3VCCADC_BOOST_SHDNPW7PWM0SERIAL_IDSPI_MISOADC3PWM1AINT2Y44.000MHZ65213 4X1GNDGNDX1X2 X2PW2ADC4RSTNU6ATMEGA128LMLF21522253635150494847464544101112131415161735363738394041422526272829303132234567896160595857565554646212024233334431819VCCVCCGNDGNDGNDPA0/AD0PA1/AD1PA2/AD2PA3/AD3PA4/AD4PA5/AD5PA6/AD6PA7/AD7PB0/SSPB1/SCKPB2/MOSIPB3/MISOPB4/OC0PB5/OC1APB6/OC1BPB7/OC1CPC0/A8PC1/A9PC2/A10PC3/A11PC4/A12PC5/A13PC6/A14PC7/A15PD0/INT0PD1/INT1PD2/RXD1PD3/TXD1PD4/IC1PD5/XCK1PD6/T1PD7/T2PE0/RXD0PE1/TXD0PE2/XCK0PE3/OC3APE4/OC3BPE5/OC3CPE6/T3PE7/IC3PF0/ADC0PF1/ADC1PF2/ADC2PF3/ADC3PF4/TCKPF5/TMSPF6/TDOPF7/TDIAVCCAREFPENRSTXTAL1XTAL2PG0/WRPG1/RDPG2/ALEPG3/TOSC2PG4/TOSC1ADC7C23.1uFR2810KPALEADC2GPS_ENAC22.1uFPW3 AC-PCLKLED1PW6RDVCCAPW0ADC[0..7]SPI_MOSII2C1_DATAFLASH_SIFLASH_SOR2710KPW1ADC0FLASH_CLKUART_TXD0PW4I2C1_CLKWRINT3 INT0TP8TP19ADC[0..7]TP10TP7PW1SPI_SCKRSTNADC3TP6 TP11TP13PW0TP20ADC5TP4VCCAADC2PWM1BTP15BT1BATTERY1 2TP2VCCATP9TP1ADC7ADC6TP21GPS_ENAPW[0..7]ADC4TP5TP3 TP12TP14INT1UART_TXD0UART_RXD0
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 15 4.3.3 Data Flash Logger/Serial ID, On-board Thermistor, LED UART_TXD0FLASH_SIVCCAVCCAR3610KADC1C311000pFC25.01uFR291MD2RED12R25100KVCCASERIAL_IDLED1RT110.0KPW6FLASH_SOFLASH_CLKD5SD103AW C26.01uFPW7+C2410uF10VR304.7KVCCAR31470C321000pFU7AT45DB0411234 5678SISCKRSTCS WPVCCGNDSORSTNVCCAR261MVCCAVCCASERIAL_IDFLASH_SO
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 16 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 5 MPR300/MPR310 (MICA) ; NOTE: The MICA Mote has been discontinued by Crossbow since December 2003. The MICA Mote was the second generation Mote module used in many ground breaking research and development efforts. The MPR300/310 includes a powerful Atmel ATMega128L. It used an amplitude shift keying radio—the TR1000—by RF Monolithics, Inc. 5.1 Schematic Schematics for the MPR300/310 Mote can be found at: http://www.tinyos.net/scoop/special/hardware
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 17 6 MPR1000 (MICA3) The MPR1000 is a 1 watt high power mote with Frequency Hopping feature that enables it to transmit over a very high range. 6.1 Block Diagram Power Supply: Input power regulator which accepts 3.6 to 4.5VDC. MCU: it includes ATMega128 processor and its’ peripherals. Flash Memory: 4Kbit flash memory for storing firmware. Radio: it is purposed for transmitting and receiving at 902MHz to 928MHz band using Frequency Hopping modulation. The maximum output power of the radio is 5dBm RF Power Amplifier: is used to boost up the output RF power of the radio to 30dBm or 1 Watt. Note: RF circuitary including radio and RF power amplifier are covered by an RF shield. Mica I/O interface: is the mote standard 51 pin connector which enables MPR1000 module to connect to other modules for data transmission. 6.2 Schematic MPR1000 Schematic will be released in future version of the manual.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 18 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 6.3 Regulatory Compliance This device has been designed, constructed, and tested for compliance with FCC Rules that regulate intentional and unintentional radiators. The user is not permitted to make any modifications to this equipment without express approval from Crossbow Technology Inc. Doing so will void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum gain of 2.0 dBi. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 2.0 dBi are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. - Internal PCBA Antenna which has been developed on the board - External Antenna with a gain of 2.0 dBi or less To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful communication.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 19 7 Power 7.1 Battery Power All motes are designed for battery power. The MICA2 and MICAz form factors are designed to match up with two AA batteries; however any battery combination (AAA, C, D, etc., cells) can be used provided that the output is between 2.7 VDC to 3.6 VDC. The MPR500 (915 MHz band), MPR510 (433 MHz band), and MPR520 (315 MHz band, Japan specific) MICA2DOT form factor is designed to match up with a single coin cell battery; however any battery combination (AAA, C, D, etc., cells) can be used provided that the output is between 2.7–3.6VDC. Table 7-1. Batteries for the Mote Platforms. Mote Hardware Platform Standard Battery (# required) Typical Battery Capacity (mA-hr) Practical Operating Voltage Range (V) MICAz AA (2) 2000, Alkaline 3.6 to 2.7 MICA2 AA (2) 2000, Alkaline 3.6 to 2.7 MICA2DOT Coin 560, Li-ion 3.6 to 2.7 Care should be used in selecting the battery and its capacity to match the energy needs of the motes and their required operating span. Also make sure that the temperature range and associated capacity degradation are looked at prior to deployment. Table 6-2 below provides some useful guidance on current consumption of various system components. Table 7-2. Current Requirements for the Motes in Various Operation. Operating Current (mA) MICAz MICA2 MICA2DOT ATMega128L, full operation 12 (7.37 MHz) 12 (7.37 MHz) 6 (4MHz) ATMega128L, sleep 0.010 0.010 0.010 Radio, receive 19.7 7 7 Radio, transmit (1 mW power) 17 10 10 Radio, sleep 0.001 0.001 0.001 Serial flash memory, write 15 Serial flash memory, read 4 Serial flash memory, sleep 0.002 Table 7-3 below provides some useful guidance on how to predict battery life. The spreadsheet can be found at http://www.xbow.com under the Support section.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 20 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Table 7-3. Estimate of battery life operation for a Mote. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS Currents Processor Example Duty Cycle Current (full operation) 8 mA 1 Current sleep 8 µA99 Radio Current in receive 8 mA 0.75 Current transmit 12 mA 0.25 Current sleep 2 µA99 Logger Memory Write 15 mA 0 Read 4 mA 0 Sleep 2 µA100 Sensor Board Current (full operation) 5 mA 1 Current sleep 5 µA99 Computed mA-hr used each hour Processor 0.0879 Radio 0.0920 Logger Memory 0.0020 Sensor Board 0.0550 Total current (mA-hr) used 0.2369 Computed battery life vs. battery size Battery Capacity (mA-hr) Battery Life (months) 250 1.45 1000 5.78 3000 17.35 ; NOTE: In most Mote applications, the processor and radio run for a brief period of time, followed by a sleep cycle. During sleep, current consumption is in the micro-amps as opposed to milli-amps. This results in very low-current draw the majority of the time, and short duration spikes while processing, receiving, and transmitting data. This method extends battery life; however, due to the current surges, it reduces specified battery capacity. Battery capacity is typically specified by the manufacturer for a constant nominal current drawn. 7.2 External Power The MICA2 and MICAz can be externally powered through either: 1. The 51-pin connector will supply power and ground to the unit. Refer to connector description.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 21 2. The 2-pin Molex connector. Molex part number 53261-0290, Digi-Key part number WM1753-ND. (See Figure 7-4 below.) Figure 7-4. Photo of using the Molex connector to attach the AA battery pack. Photo courtesy of Nick Sitar, UC Berkeley, 2004. 7.3 MICAz Battery Voltage Monitor The MICAz has an accurate internal voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage (Vbatt). Since the eight-channel ADC on the ATMega128L uses the battery voltage as a full scale reference, the ADC full scale voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to track the battery voltage, the precision voltage reference (band gap reference) is monitored to determine the ADC full-scale (ADC_FS) voltage span which corresponds to Vbatt. To compute the battery voltage: 1. Program the application code to measure ADC channel 30 – the Internal Bandgap Voltage reference. 2. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from ADC reading (ADC_Count) by: CountADCFSADCVV refbatt __×= where: Vbatt = Battery voltage ADC_FS = 1024 Vref = Internal voltage reference = 1.223 volts ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Internal Voltage reference The TinyOS component VoltageM.nc can be wired into an application to provide this measurement capability. The reserved keyword TOS_ADC_VOLTAGE_PORT is mapped to ADC Channel 30 in the MICAz. 7.4 MICA2 Battery Voltage Monitor The MICA2 units have an accurate voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage (Vbatt). Since the eight-channel, ATMega128L ADC uses the battery voltage as a full scale reference, the ADC full scale voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 22 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B calibrate the battery voltage a precision external voltage reference is required. The MICA2 uses an LM4041 (Mfg: National Semiconductor) 1.223 V reference (Vref) attached to ADC channel 7. ; NOTE: ADC channel 7 is also used for JTAG debugging on the Atmega128 processor. MICA2s and MICA2DOTs ship with the JTAG fuse enabled. When this fuse is enabled the input impedance of channel 7 is lowered which affects the voltage reference measurement. The fuse must be disabled if ADC channel 7 is used. See below for information on setting ATMega128L fuses. To compute the battery voltage: 1. Set the BAT_MON processor pin (PA5/AD5) to HI. 2. Program the application code to measure ADC Channel 7. 3. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from Channel 7’s data by: CountADCFSADCVV refbatt __×= where: Vbatt = Battery voltage ADC_FS = 1024 Vref = External voltage reference = 1.223 V ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Channel 7 7.5 MICA2DOT Battery Voltage Monitor Unlike the MICAz and the MICA2, the MICA2DOT uses a Schottky reference diode (S103AW) as a voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage (Vbatt). Since the eight-channel, ATMega128L ADC uses the battery voltage as a full-scale reference, the ADC full scale (ADC_FS) voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to calibrate the battery voltage an external voltage reference (Vref) is required. To compute the battery voltage: 1. Set processor pins PW7 (PC7/A15) to LO and PW6 (PC6/A14) to HI. 2. Program the application code to measure ADC Channel 1 (ADC1). 3. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from channel 1’s data by: CountADCFSADCVV refbatt __×= where: Vbatt = Battery voltage ADC_FS = 1024 Vref = External voltage reference = 0.6 volts ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Channel 1
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 23 8 Radios 8.1 MICA2 and MICA2DOT 8.1.1 Radio Considerations The radio on the MICA2 and MICA2DOT is capable of multiple channel operation, within the intended band of operation. The MPR420/MPR520 can span up to 4 channels of operation in the 315 MHz band, the MPR410/MPR510 can span up to 4 channels of operation in the 433 MHz band (433.05–434.79 MHz). The MPR400/MPR500 can operate in two frequency regions: 868–870 MHz (up to 4 channels) and 902–928 MHz (up to 54 channels). The actual number of possible channels is higher for all the MICA2/MICA2DOT motes. However, it is recommended that the adjacent channel spacing should be at least 500 kHz to avoid adjacent channel interference thereby reducing the number of available channels. A tutorial on how to change frequency is available at http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/mica2radio/CC1000.html. 8.1.2 Radio Transmission Power The radio on the MICA2/MICA2DOT can be adjusted for a range of output power levels. The register in the radio that controls the RF power level is designated PA_POW at address 0x0B, and the values and their corresponding RF outputs are provided on Error! Reference source not found. below. It shows the closest programmable value for output powers in steps of 1 dBm. For power down mode the Chipcon datasheet says, “the PA_POW should be set to 00h [0x00] for minimum leakage current.”
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 24 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Table 8-1. Chipcon® CC1000 Ouput Power (PA_POW) Settings and Typical Current Consumption. From Smart RF® CC1000 Preliminary Datasheet (rev. 2.1), 2002-04-19, p. 29 of 48. Pout (dBm) PA_POW (hex) 433/315 MHz Current Consumption, typ. (mA) PA_POW (hex) 915 MHz Current Consumption, typ. (mA) -20 0x01 5.3 0x02 8.6 -19 0x01 6.9 0x02 8.8 -18 0x02 7.1 0x03 9.0 -17 0x02 7.1 0x03 9.0 -16 0x02 7.1 0x04 9.1 -15 0x03 7.4 0x05 9.3 -14 0x03 7.4 0x05 9.3 -13 0x03 7.4 0x06 9.5 -12 0x04 7.6 0x07 9.7 -11 0x04 7.6 0x08 9.9 -10 0x05 7.9 0x09 10.1 -9 0x05 7.9 0x0b 10.4 -8 0x06 8.2 0x0c 10.6 -7 0x07 8.4 0x0d 10.8 -6 0x08 8.7 0x0f 11.1 -5 0x09 8.9 0x40 13.8 -4 0x0a 9.4 0x50 14.5 -3 0x0b 9.6 0x50 14.5 -2 0x0c 9.7 0x60 15.1 -1 0x0e 10.2 0x70 15.8 0 0x0f 10.4 0x80 16.8 1 0x40 11.8 0x90 17.2 2 0x50 12.8 0xb0 18.5 3 0x50 12.8 0xc0 19.2 4 0x60 13.8 0xf0 21.3 5 0x70 14.8 0xff 25.4 6 0x80 15.8 7 0x90 16.8 8 0xc0 20.0 9 0xe0 22.1 10 0xff 26.7 ; NOTE: In order to comply with "Biyjacku" (Japanese standard), the Radio Transmit power for the MICA2 must have a PA_POW set to lowest value, 0x01. The radio on the MICA2/MICA2DOT also provides a measurement of the received signal strength, referred to as RSSI. This output is measured on ADC channel 0 and is available to the software. Some versions of TinyOS provide this measurement automatically, and others must be enabled by the user. The conversion from ADC counts to RSSI in dBm is given by:
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 25 1024_ CountsADCVV battRSSI ×= 2.493.51)( −×−= RSSIVdBmRSSI for 433 and 315 MHz Motes 5.450.50)( −×−= RSSIVdBmRSSI for 915 MHz Motes Figure 8-2. Graph showing VRSSI versus the received signal strength indicator (dBm). From the ChipCon’s SmartRF® CC1000 PRELIMINARY Datasheet (rev. 2.1), p. 30. 2002. Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment expected. Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna placement within the environment. In addition, care must be taken to ensure compliance with FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators. An omni directional antenna such as a quarter wavelength whip should be sufficient to meet most user requirements. 0 WARNING: The radio on the MICA2 has an extremely sensitive receiver, which can be interfered with by an adjacent local oscillator from another MICA2. A distance of at least 2 feet should be maintained between MICA2 units to avoid local oscillator interference. 8.2 MICAz 8.2.1 Radio RF Channel Selection The MICAz’s CC2420 radio can be tuned within the IEEE 802.15.4 channels that are numbered from 11 (2.405 GHz) to 26 (2.480 GHz) each separated by 5 MHz. The channel can be selected at run-time with the TOS CC2420Radio library call CC2420Control.TunePreset(uint8_t chnl). By default channel 11 (2480 MHz) is selected. 8.2.2 Radio Transmission Power RF transmission power is programmable from 0 dBm (1 mW) to –25dBm. Lower transmission power can be advantageous by reducing interference and dropping radio power consumption from 17.5 mA at full power to 8.5 mA at lowest power. RF transmit power is controlled using the TOS CC2420Radio library call CC2420Control.SetRFPower(uint8_t power) where power is an 8-bit code selected from the following:
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 26 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Power Register (code) MICAz TX RF Power (dBm)31 0 27 -1 23 -3 19 -5 15 -7 11 -10 7 -15 3 -25 3 IMPORTANT For MPR2400J, the power is constant at 0dBm and any questions be directed to Crossbow, Japan. http://www.xbow.com/jp/index.html The RF received signal strength indication (RSSI) is read directly from the CC2420 Radio. In TinyOS the RSSI is automatically returned in the TOSMsg->strength field with every radio packet received. Typical RSSI values for a given RF input level are shown in Figure 7-1 below. Figure 8-1. Typical RSSI value versus input RF level in dBm. 8.2.3 Known MICAz and TinyOS Compatibility Issues 1. #define PLATFORM_MICAZ In general this #define should be added to various applications/libraries wherever the text PLATFORM_MICA2 is found. 2. ATMega128L Timer2 Use Timer2 is used for high resolution (32uSec) timing in the CC2420Radio stack. The module HPLTimer2.nc located under the tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/micaz/ directory provides the Timer2 resources to AsyncTimerJiffy component for this service. Applications that use Timer2 will have to be modified to avoid conflicts with its use for the MICAz platform radio stack.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 27 3. INT2 GPIO Line MICA I/O signal INT2 (Port E, pin 6 on ATMega128 or 51-pin Hirose connector pin 4) is used internally to the MICAz for the CC2420 Radio Receiver FIFO Ready interrupt. Use of INT2 for any other purpose must be done with care. Specifically, the Port configuration (input, active low) must be restored following use in other software modules. ; NOTE: Programmers should be cautioned that the MICAz receiver radio stack (CC2420RadioM.nc) will be disabled if the INT2 pin is reprogrammed/re-tasked by another TOS component. 4. MTS300/310 (a.k.a., micasb) Temperature Sensor • INT2 control line is used on the MTS300/310 (micasb) for enabling the thermistor. During temperature measurement, interrupts from the MICAz radio receiver are inhibited. MICAz radio received packets are buffered in the CC2420 RX FIFO. If the MTS300/310’s thermistor is enabled for too long the receiver buffer may overflow. During temperature measurements dropout in data reading. This is due to receipt of a radio packet which will strobe the INT2 and thus affect the thermistor voltage. Following temperature measurement, the MTS300/310 driver must restore the INT2 port to configuration used for handling interrupts from the CC2420 radio. Symptom of not restoring the INT2 port correctly is all that radio reception stops. • A fix the temperature sensor issue: • INT2 Control A modified PhotoTempM.nc module is provided in tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/micaz/. This module restores INT2 port following each measurement. • Temperature data drop out Software can be added to exclude/reject a temperature reading differentials that exceed what is physically possible from one sample to the next. • Hardware can be modified to buffer/overdrive CC2420 Radio’s packet received flag during temperature measurements. The following two changes are suggested. a. MTS300/310 Sensor Board Module: Remove capacitor C1 (located near RT1 thermistor) b. MICAz Module: Change resistor at location R31 to 10 kΩ.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 28 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 9 Antennas 9.1 Radio/Antenna Considerations Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment expected. Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna placement within the environment. In addition, care must be taken to ensure compliance with FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators. Because of its small physical size, the usual antenna chosen is a length of insulated wire one-quarter wavelength long for the frequency of interest. This type of antenna is often called a monopole antenna, and its gain is ground plane dependent. Antenna lengths for the different radio frequencies are provided in Table 9-1. Table 9-1. Antenna lengths for quarter wavelength whip antennas. The part number’s for the connectorized antennas are listed. Name Model Whip Antenna Length (inches) Crossbow Part No. MICA2/MICA2DOT MPR400 (916 MHz) 3.2 8060-0011-01 MICA2/MICA2DOT MPR410 (433 MHz) 6.8 8060-0011-02 MICA2/MICA2DOT MPR420 (315 MHz) 9.4 8060-0011-03 MICAZ MPR2400 (2400 MHz) 1.2 8060-0011-04 Antennas are also available from Linx Technologies, such as part number ANT-433-PW-QW for 433 MHz and ANT-916-PW-QW for 916 MHz. These antennas are terminated in a coax pigtail, and must have an MMCX connector installed. They also function best with a ground plane installed, as shown in Figure 9-2. The ground plane can be a layer of aluminum or copper tape attached to the lid of a plastic enclosure, or the lid of a metal enclosure. Figure 9-2. Illustration of an antenna option for the motes using a Linx antenna and ground plane. 1/2 WAVELENGTHRECOMMENDEDMETALLICGROUNDPLANENUT MAKES CONTACT WITHGROUND PLANE1/2 WAVELENGTHRECOMMENDED1/2 WAVELENGTHRECOMMENDEDMETALLICGROUNDPLANENUT MAKES CONTACT WITHGROUND PLANE
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 29 9.2 Connectors for the MICA2 and MICAz and Whip Antennas The MICA2 and MICAz have an MMCX connector for attaching an external antenna. These mating connectors can be purchased from Digi-Key. There are two manufacturers—Johnson Components and Hirose Electric Ltd. The mating connectors come in straight and right angle. They also support two different standard varieties of Coaxial cable—RG178 /U and RG 316/U. There are also other vendors who sell MMCX to SMA conversion cables. Table 9-3. Johnson Components’ MMCX mating connectors* Type Coax Digi-Key PN Johnson PN Straight Plug RG178/U J589-ND 135-3402-001 Straight Plug RG316/U J590-ND 135-3403-001 Right Angle RG178/U J593-ND 135-3402-101 Right Angle RG316/U J594-ND 135-3403-101 Right Angle RG 316 DS J595-ND 135-3404-101 *These connectors require the following hand crimp and die set (Digi-Key part # / Johnson part #): a) Hand crimp (J572-ND / 140-0000-952), b) Die (JD604-ND / 140-0000-953). Table 9-4. Hirose MMCX connectors. Type Coax Digi-Key PN Hirose PN Straight Plug RG178/U H3224-ND MMCX-J-178B/U Right Angle RG178/U H3221-ND MMCX-LP-178B/U Right Angle RG316/U H3222-ND MMCX-LP-316/U
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 30 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 10 Flash Data Logger and Serial ID Chip All Motes feature a 4-Mbit serial flash (Atmel AT45DB041) for storing data, measurements, and other user-defined information. It is connected to one of the USART on the ATMega128L. This chip is supported in TinyOS which uses this chip as micro file system. The serial flash device supports over 100,000 measurement readings. This chip is also used for over-the-air reprogramming services available in TinyOS. Also on the MICA2 is a 64-bit serial ID chip. ; NOTE: This device consumes 15 mA of current when writing data. FLASH_CSVCCUSART_CLKUSART1_TXD SISCKRSTCS WPSO1234USART1_RXD8x5Atmega AT45DB041FLASH_CSVCCUSART_CLKUSART1_TXD SISCKRSTCS WPSO1234USART1_RXD8x5Atmega AT45DB041
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 31 11 Atmega128 Fuses The ATMega128L processor on the Motes has many programmable fuses to control various parameters. Refer to Atmel’s technical information for the ATMega128L for a complete discussion of the fuses (http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/2467s.pdf). There are two fuses that TinyOS users should be aware of as setting these fuses incorrectly will cause the unit to not operate correctly. 11.1.1 Atmega103 compatibility mode fuse This fuse put the ATMega128 in the ATMega103 compatible mode. This fuse was set for the older generation MICA units. It must be disabled for MICA2 and MICA2DOTs. 11.1.2 JTAG fuse This fuse enables users to use the Atmel JTAG pod for in-circuit code debugging. Units are shipped with JTAG enabled. As discussed in the previous section on battery voltage monitoring, if JTAG is enabled, it will cause inaccurate measurements on ADC channel 7. 11.1.3 Using UISP to set fuses The UISP utility used to download code to the MICAz, MICA2, or MICA2DOT on a programming board can also be used to set and unset fuses of the Atmel® ATMega128. Table 11-1. UISP Commands for Setting the ATMega128’s Fuses. Action Command Disable JTAG fuse uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0xD9Enable JTAG fuse uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0x19Enable native 128 mode uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_e=ff <programmer> is the device you are using to interface to the Mote from a computer. The current options are dapa (for an MIB500), mib510 for a MIB510; and EPRB for a MIB600. Users can also edit the file called profile in the cygwin/etc/ directory and enter an alias. One example is this alias to disable the JTAG fuse: alias fuse_dis="uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0xD9" Therefore, when fuse_dis and is entered into a Cygwin command line, the script will be executed.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 32 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 12 Sensor Boards & Expansion Connectors Crossbow supplies a variety of sensor and data acquisition boards for the Motes. This Chapter describes the connectors and the functions of the pins for the MICAz, MICA2, MICA, and MICA2DOT. Information for customized sensor board design is available on the Crossbow web site. 12.1 Sensor Board Compatibility Table 12-1. Sensor board compatibility. Mote Platform Mote Interface Connector Hardware Compatibility with: SectionMICA2 Use 51 pin connector MICAz, MICA2 sensor boards 11.2 MICAz Use 51 pin connector MICAz, MICA2 sensor boards 11.2 MICA2DOT Use circular, 19 pin connector MICA2DOT sensor boards 11.3 12.2 MICAz and MICA2 Expansion Connector Connection to the MICAz and MICA2 Motes is by a 51-pin connector (see Table 12-1 below). Figure 12-1. Hirose DF-51P-1V(54)—Digi-Key part no. H2175-ND—on left is used on the MICAz, MICA2, and MICA Motes boards. The Hirose DF9-51S-1V(54)—Digi-Key part no. H2163-ND—on right is the corresponding connector used on the MIB Interface Boards and Stargate Gateways. The expansion connector provides a user interface for sensor boards and base stations. The connector includes interfaces for power and ground, power control of peripheral sensors, ADC inputs for reading sensor outputs, UART interfaces, and I2C interface, general-purpose digital IO, and others.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 33 12.2.1 MICAz and MICA2 Sensor Interface. Table 12-2. MICAz Sensor Interface. Pin Name Description Pin Name Description 1 GND Ground 27g UART_RXDO UART_0 Receive 2 VSNR Sensor Supply 28g UART_TXDO UART_0 Transmit 3 INT3 GPIO 29 PWO GPIO/PWM 4 INT2 GPIO 30 PW1 GPIO/PWM 5 INT1 GPIO 31 PW2 GPIO/PWM 6 INT0 GPIO 32 PW3 GPIO/PWM 7gg CC_CCA Radio Signal 33 PW4 GPIO/PWM 8g LED3 Green LED 34 PW5 GPIO/PWM 9g LED2 Yellow LED 35 PW6 GPIO/PWM 10g LED1 Red LED 36g ADC7 ADC CH7, JTAG TDI 11 RD GPIO 37g ADC6 ADC CH6, JTAG TDO 12 WR GPIO 38g ADC5 ADC CH5, JTAG 13 ALE GPIO 39g ADC4 ADC CH4, JTAG 14 PW7 GPIO 40 ADC3 GPIO/ADC CH3 15 USART1_CLK USART1 Clock 41 ADC2 GPIO/ADC CH2 16gg PROG_MOSI Serial Program MOSI 42 ADC1 GPIO/ADC CH1 17gg PROG_MISO Serial Program MISO 43 ADC0 GPIO/ADC CH0 18gg SPI_CLK SPI Serial Clock 44 THERM_PWR Temp Sensor Enable 19 USART1_RXD USART1 Receive 45 THRU1 Thru Connect 1 20 USART1_TXD USART1 Transmit 46 THRU2 Thru Connect 2 21 I2C_CLK I2C Bus Clock 47 THRU3 Thru Connect 3 22 I2C_DATA I2C Bus Data 48gg RSTN Reset (Neg.) 23 PWM0 GPIO/PWM0 49 PWM1B GPIO/PWM1B 24 PWMIA GPIO/PWM1A 50 VCC Digital Supply 25 AC+ GPIO/AC+ 51 GND Ground 26 AC- GPIO/AC- (gOK to use but has shared functionality. ggDo not use) Table 12-3. MICA2 Sensor Interface. Pin Name Description Pin Name Description 1 GND Ground 27g UART_RXDO UART Receive 2 VSNR Voltage (battery 28g UART_TXDO UART Transmit 3 INT3 GPIO 29 PWO GPIO/PWM 4 INT2 GPIO 30 PW1 GPIO/PWM 5 INT1 GPIO 31 PW2 GPIO/PWM 6 INT0 GPIO 32 PW3 GPIO/PWM 7g BAT_MON Battery Voltage Monitor 33 PW4 GPIO/PWM
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 34 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 8g LED3 Green LED 34 PW5 GPIO/PWM 9g LED2 Yellow LED 35 PW6 GPIO/PWM 10g LED1 Red LED 36g ADC7 GPIO/ADC CH7, JTAG 11 RD GPIO 37g ADC6 GPIO/ADC CH6, JTAG 12 WR GPIO 38g ADC5 GPIO/ACD CH5, JTAG 13 ALE GPIO 39g ADC4 GPIO/ADC CH4, JTAG 14 PW7 GPIO 40 ADC3 GPIO/ADC CH3 15 USART_CLK USART Clock 41 ADC2 GPIO/ADC CH2 16gg PROG_MOSI Programmer Pin 42 ADC1 GPIO/ADC CH1 17gg PROG_MISO Programmer Pin 43 ADC0 GPIO/ADC CH0 18gg SPI_CLK Radio Clock 44 THERM_PWR GPIO 19 USART1_RXD USART1 Receive 45 THRU1 Thru User Connect 20 USART1_TXD USART1 Transmit 46 THRU2 Thru User Connect 21 I2C_CLK I2C Bus Clock 47 THRU3 Thru User Connect 22 I2C_DATA I2C Bus Data 48gg RSTN Micro Processor Reset 23 PWMIO GPIO 49 PWM1B GPIO 24 PWMIA GPIO 50 VCC Voltage (battery) 25 AC+ GPIO 51 GND Ground 26 AC- GPIO (gOK to use but has shared functionality. ggDo not use) 12.3 MICA2DOT Expansion Connector The interface to the MPR500 is through a series of 19 pins Elpacko spaced around the circumference of the MPR5x0 Mote. (They represent a subset of the pins available on the MPR5x0.) They include a set of power control pins, ADC channels, power, ground, some general purpose digital IO, and the serial programming port. For applications with more digital IO, the ADC pins can be reconfigured as digital input/output but not both. 0 WARNING: The TP12 (SPI_CK) pin is controlled by the Radio. In the majority of applications it should not be used. It is also used for programming the processor.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 35 Loc. x y Pin Name Description 1 -0.290 0.315 TP1 GND Ground 2 -0.370 0.230 TP2 ADC7 ADC Channel 7 3 -0.420 0.120 TP3 ADC6 ADC Channel 6 4 -0.430 0.000 TP4 ADC5 ADC Channel 5 5 -0.420 -0.120 TP5 ADC4 ADC Channel 4 6 -0.335 -0.275 TP13 ADC3 ADC Channel 3 7 -0.225 -0.375 TP14 ADC2 ADC Channel 2 8 -0.120 -0.420 TP10 UART_RX UART Receive 9 0.000 -0.430 TP9 UART_TX UART Transmit 10 0.120 -0.420 TP21 THERM_PWR GPIO 11 0.225 -0.375 TP15 PWM1B GPIO 12 0.335 -0.275 TP11 RESETN MCU Reset 13 0.420 -0.120 TP18 GND Ground (Battery –term) 14 0.420 0.120 TP19 INT0 GPIO 15 0.370 0.230 TP20 INT1 GPIO 16 0.290 0.315 TP12 SPI_CLK Radio Clock 17 0.100 0.420 TP8 PW0 GPIO/PWM 18 0.000 0.430 TP7 PW1 GPIO/PWM 19 -0.100 0.420 TP6 VCC Voltage (Battery +term) Figure 12-2. MICA2DOT pin locations and sensor interface description. The locations of the pins are taken relative to the geometric center of the board. The board has a diameter of 0.988 inches. Note the “TP” under the “Pin” column means “test point.” y x Loc. 1 Loc. 2 Loc. 19
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 36 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 13 MIB300 / MIB500 Interface Boards ; NOTE: The MIB300 and MIB500 have been discontinued by Crossbow. The MIB500 has been replaced by the MIB510. 0 WARNING: When programming a MICA2 with the MIB500, turn off the battery switch. For a MICA2DOT, remove the battery before inserting into the MIB500. The MICA2s and MICA2DOTs do not have switching diodes to switch between external and battery power. 13.1 Programming the Mote The MIB300/MIB500 interface boards are multi-purpose interface boards used in conjunction with the MICA Family of products. They supply power to the devices through an external power adapter option, and provide interfaces for an RS232 serial port and reprogramming port (using the parallel printer interface). The MIB300 can only be used with an external 3 VDC supply, or it can take advantage of the battery power supplied from the mote. The MIB500 has an on-board regulator that will accept 5 to 7 VDC, and supplies a regulated 3 VDC to the MICA The MIB500 is delivered with a wall power supply. It also has monitor LEDs that mirror the LEDs on the MICA. There is a built-in low voltage monitor that disables reprogramming if the power supply voltage is dangerously low. When the proper programming voltage exists—the Green LED adjacent the parallel port is lit—D6. If the voltage goes below 2.95V, the Green LED D6 will turn off, programming is disabled. The MIB500 also has an interface connector for reprogramming the MICA2DOT. Programming the mote is accomplished by connecting the MIB300/MIB500 to the parallel port of the computer, and executing the required programming software—UISP—supplied with the TinyOS install. ; NOTE: There have been numerous reported difficulties with programming motes through the MIB500CA. These include program failure, flash verification errors, and dead Motes. The root cause of these problems is almost always one of two issues: 1) low programming voltage or 2) UISP problems on the Host PC. A detailed application note is posted at http://www.xbow.com under Support. Please review this application note, if you have trouble programming. Programming the Motes improperly or with a bad UISP install can result in permanent damage to the Mote CPU. 13.2 RS-232 Interface The RS-232 interface is a standard single channel bi-directional interface with a DB9 connector to interface to an external computer. It uses transmit and receive lines only.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 37 14 MIB510 Serial Interface Boards ; NOTE: The MIB510 will only work with ATMega128 processors used on the MICA2 and MICA2DOT. It will work for older Mica units that have the ATMega128 processor but not earlier processors such as the ATMega103. 14.1 Product Summary The MIB510 interface board is a multi-purpose interface board used with the MICAz, MICA2, MICA, and MICA2DOT family of products. The board is supplied with all MOTE-KITs. It supplies power to the devices through an external power adapter option, and provides an interface for a RS-232 Mote serial port and reprogramming port. Figure 14-1. Photo of top view of an MIB510CA. 14.2 ISP The MIB510 has an on-board in-system processor (ISP)—an Atmega16L located at U14—to program the Motes. Code is downloaded to the ISP through the RS-232 serial port. Next the ISP programs the code into the mote. The ISP and Mote share the same serial port. The ISP runs at a fixed baud rate of 115.2 kbaud. The ISP continually monitors incoming serial packets for a special multi-byte pattern. Once this pattern is detected it disables the Mote’s serial RX and TX, then takes control of the serial port. 0 WARNING: Some USB to DB9 serial port adapters cannot run at 115 kbaud. The ISP processor is connected to two LEDs, a green LED labeled “SP PWR” (at D3) and a red LED labeled “ISP” (at D5). SP PWR is used to indicate the power state of the MIB510 (see below). If the ISP LED is on, the MIB510 has control of the serial port. It will also blink once when the RESET (SW1) button is pushed and released. 14.3 Mote Programming Using the MIB510 Programming the Motes requires having TinyOS installed in your host PC. Instructions for installing TinyOS can be found in Crossbow’s Getting Started Guide or on-line at ISP LED (red) MICAx-series connector MICA2DOT connector on bottom side Mote JTAG connector RS-232 Serial Port (DB9 female) Reset Switch (SW1) ; NOTE: Enable/Disable Mote TX switch (“SW2”). This should normally be in the “OFF” position. AC Wall-Power Connector Power OK LED (green)
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 38 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B http://www.tinyos.net/download.html. The commands for downloading build (compiled) code depend on the Mote platform you are programming. Instructions can also be found in the Getting Started Guide. 0 WARNING: Under Cygwin the ISP may not get control of the serial port if the Mote is continually sending packets over the serial TX line at a high rate. If this happens, the UISP will hang. This can be fixed by: 1. Type Ctrl C in the Cygwin window and try again. 2. Turn SW2 to the “ON” position. This turns on a circuit to disable the Mote’s TX line. Be sure to set SW2 to ‘OFF’ after programming the mote if you are using the Mote as a base station (e.g., a MICAz or MICA2 Mote programmed with Surge_Reliable as node “0” or with TOSBase). 14.4 Interfaces to MICAz, MICA2, and MICA2DOT The MIB510 has connectors for the MICAz, MICA2 and MICA2DOT. For the MICAz and MICA2 there is another connector on the bottom side of the MIB510 to allow the simultaneous attachment of a sensor board. MICA2DOTs with battery connectors can be mounted, also, to the bottom side of the board. 14.4.1 Reset The “RST MOTE” push button switch resets both the ISP and Mote processors. RST resets the ISP; after the ISP powers-up it resets the Mote’s processor. 14.4.2 JTAG The MIB510 has a connector, J3 (“MOTE JTAG”) which connects to an Atmel JTAG pod for in-circuit debugging. This connector will supply power to the JTAG pod; no external power supply is required for the pod. 0 WARNING: The MIB510 also has JTAG and ISP connectors for the ISP processor. These are for factory use only. 14.4.3 Power The MIB510 has an on-board regulator that will accept 5 to 7 VDC, and supply a regulated 3 VDC to the MICAz, MICA2, and MICA Motes. The MIB510 is delivered with a wall power supply. 0 WARNING: Applying more than 7 VDC will damage the on-board linear regulator. There is a built-in low voltage monitor that disables reprogramming if the power supply voltage is dangerously low. When the proper programming voltage exists the “ISP PWR” LED is on. If the voltage goes below 2.9 V, the green “ISP PWR” LED will blink and disable the Mote from any code downloads. If the voltage is too low to power the ISP then the “ISP PWR” LED will be off. 0 WARNING: When programming a MICA2/MICAz with the MIB510, turn off the battery switch. For a MICA2DOT, remove the battery before inserting into the MIB510. The MICA2s and MICA2DOTs do not have switching diodes to switch between external and battery power. 14.4.4 RS-232 Interface The RS-232 interface is a standard single channel bi-directional interface with a DB9 connector to interface to an external computer. It uses the transmit and receive lines only.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 39 14.4.5 Schematics HIROSE SOCKETJ1DF9B-51S-1V123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051PROG_MISOADC4INT0PW2PW7PW1ADC4PROG_MOSIINT0USART1_RXDPW[0..7]INT2AC+VCCTHERM_PWRVSNSRPWM0VCCPW5M1MTG12811ADC[0..7]INT3PWM1BAC+LED1THRU1USART1_TXDLED3ALEPW1VSNSRAC-ADC6USART1_CLKAC-PWM1BHIROSE PLUGJ2DF9-51P-1V(54)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051ADC5USART1_RXD THRU2PROG_MISOLED2PW3PW6WRADC3RSTNPROG_MOSIINT[0..3]THERM_PWRPW7PWM0THRU2INT[0..3]INT2ADC2UART_TXD0PW0THRU3LED3INT1BAT_MONADC7PW4PW5THRU3ADC1LED1USART1_CLKI2C_CLKADC3I2C_DATAI2C_CLKPWM1AADC1UART_RXD0ADC0UART_RXD0PW[0..7]INT1PW3SPI_SCKUART_RXD0ADC7ADC5BAT_MONLED2RDI2C_DATASPI_SCKUART_TXD0RDALEPW0INT3PWM1AUART_TXD0THRU1RSTNUSART1_TXDADC[0..7]PW2PW4PW6ADC6ADC0 M2MTG12811ADC2WR
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 40 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B PIN NAMEGNDVSNSRINT3INT2INT1INT0BAT_MONLED3LED2LED1RDWRALEPW7USART1_CLKPROG_MOSIPROG_MISOSPI_SCKUSART1_RXDUSART1_TXDI2C_CLKI2C_DATAPWM0PWM1AAC+AC-DESCRIPTIONPINUART_RXD0UART_TXD0PW0PW1PW2PW3PW4PW5PW6ADC7ADC6ADC5ADC4ADC3ADC2ADC1ADC0THERM_PWRTHRU1THRU2THRU3RSTNPWM1BVCCGNDUART_0 RECEIVEUART_0 TRANSMITPOWER CONTROL 0POWER CONTROL 1POWER CONTROL 2POWER CONTROL 3POWER CONTROL 4POWER CONTROL 5POWER CONTROL 6ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDIADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDOADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMSADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCKADC INPUT 3ADC INPUT 2ADC INPUT 1ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITORTEMP SENSOR ENABLETHRU CONNECT 1THRU CONNECT 2THRU CONNECT3RESET (NEG)GPIO/PWM1BDIGITAL SUPPLYGROUNDGROUNDSENSOR SUPPLYGPIOGPIOGPIOGPIOBATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLELED3LED2LED1GPIOGPIOGPIOPOWER CONTROL 7USART1 CLOCKSERIAL PROGRAM MOSISERIAL PROGRAM MISOSPI SERIAL CLOCKUSART1 RX DATAUSART1 TX DATAI2C BUS CLOCKI2C BUS DATAGPIO/PWM0GPIO/PWM1AGPIO/AC+GPIO/AC-27282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051NAMEDESCRIPTION1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 41 14.4.6 RS-232, MICA2DOT, and Ext. Power Interface. M4MTG12811LPT1_MISOJ4DB25-M-RA 5 174 163 152 141 207 196 1810229 218 231124122513ADC5VCCINT1J3HDR2X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 VCCADC[0..7]RSTNRS232_TX M6MTG12811C1 .1uF50VTHERM_PWRADC6RSTNRS232_RX TP6J6DB9-F-RA5 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 SPI_SCKADC6INT0TP5PWM1BTP7PIN OUTER J7PJ-014D2 3 1 UART_TXD0U1 LMS8117-3.3 3 1 24VINADJVOUTGND PW1M3 MTG128 1 1 D1 B2100+C210uF35VTDI TP9TCK TDO TMS PW0J5DOT21234567891011121314151617181912345678910111213141516171819ADC4ADC26310-0304-01 AMIB500CA MICA PROG BOARD CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC. B23Wednesday, March 26, 2003TitleSize Document NumberRevDate: Sheet ofLPT1_MOSIADC3ADC4VCCLPT1_RSTUART_RXD0TP8ADC7ADC7M5 MTG128 1 1 ADC5LPT1_SCK
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 42 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 15 MIB520 USB Interface Board The MIB520 provides USB connectivity to the MICA family of Motes for communication and in-system programming. It supplies power to the devices through USB bus. MIB520CB has a male connector while MIB520CA has female connector. Figure 15-1a. Photo of top view of an MIB520CA. Figure 15-2b. Photo of top view of an MIB520CB. 15.1 ISP The MIB520 has an on-board in-system processor (ISP)—an Atmega16L located at U14—to program the Motes. Code is downloaded to the ISP through the USB port. Next the ISP programs the code into the Mote. 15.2 Mote Programming Using the MIB520 Programming the Motes requires having TinyOS installed in your host PC. The MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB520 for UISP programming from USB connected host PC. MICAx-series connector Power OK LED (green) ISP LED (red)USB Serial Port (A-type female) Reset Switch (SW1) Mote JTAG connector (unmounted) Mote JTAG connector USB Serial Port (B-type Male) Reset Switch (SW1) MICA-series connectorPower OK LED (green) ISP LED (red)
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 43 15.3 MIB520 Use 15.3.1 Install FTDI USB Virtual COM Port Drivers MIB520 uses FTDI FT2232C to use USB port as virtual COM port. Hence you need to install FT2232C VCP drivers. • When you plug a MIB520 into your PC for the first time, the Windows detects and reports it as a new hardware. Please select “Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)” and browse to “MIB520 Drivers” folder of the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM. Install shield wizard will guide you through the installation process. • When the drivers are installed, you will see two serial ports added under the Control PanelÆSystemÆHardwareÆDevice ManagerÆPort. Make a note of the assigned COM port numbers. • The two virtual serial ports for MIB520 are comn and com(n+1); comn is for Mote programming and com(n+1) is for Mote communication. 15.4 Reset The “RESET” push button switch resets both the ISP and Mote processors. It also resets the monitoring software which runs on the host PC. 15.5 JTAG The MIB520 has a connector, J3 which connects to an Atmel JTAG pod for in-circuit debugging. This connector will supply power to the JTAG pod; no external power supply is required for the pod. 0 WARNING: The MIB520 also has JTAG and ISP connectors for the ISP processor. These are for factory use only. 15.6 Power The MIB520 is powered by the USB bus of the host. 0 WARNING: When programming a MICA2/MICAz with the MIB520, turn off the battery switch. 15.7 USB Interface The MIB520CA offers two separate ports: one dedicated to in-system Mote programming and a second for data communication over USB.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 44 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B DPTP6VINDMTP5J51 USB-A123456TP7 TP7DMDPTP5J51A-USB-A-LP/SMT123456VINTP6 MIB520CA MIB520CB Table 15-3. Pin Outs for a USB Connection Pin No. Name Description 1 VBUS Powered Supply Pin 2 USBDM USB Data Signal Minus 3 USBDP USB Data Signal Plus 4 GND Ground Supply Pin 15.8 51-Pin Mote Connector Interface PW7PWM1ALED2THRU2PW6USART1_CLKUART_RXD0VCCLED3PW0PW1I2C_CLKPW5ADC7AC-INT3AC+RSTNINT1ALETHERM_PWRINT0PWM0ADC5HIROSE SOCKETJ1DF9B-51S-1V123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051RDVSNSRPW4WRUART_TXD0ADC3USART1_TXDPROG_MOSIPW2I2C_DATAADC6PROG_MISOUSART1_RXDLED1THRU3INT[0..3]ADC[0..7]SPI_SCKADC[0..7]PW3ADC4INT2UART_RXD0ADC0THRU1BAT_MONPWM1BPW[0..7]ADC1UART_TXD0ADC2
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 45 DESCRIPTIONUART_0 RECEIVEUART_0 TRANSMITPOWER CONTROL 0POWER CONTROL 1POWER CONTROL 2POWER CONTROL 3POWER CONTROL 4POWER CONTROL 5POWER CONTROL 6ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDIADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDOADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMSADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCKADC INPUT 3ADC INPUT 2ADC INPUT 1ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITORTEMP SENSOR ENABLETHRU CONNECT 1THRU CONNECT 2THRU CONNECT3RESET (NEG)GPIO/PWM1BDIGITAL SUPPLYGROUNDNAMEGROUNDSENSOR SUPPLYGPIOGPIOGPIOGPIOBATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLELED3LED2LED1GPIOGPIOGPIOPOWER CONTROL 7USART1 CLOCKSERIAL PROGRAM MOSISERIAL PROGRAM MISOSPI SERIAL CLOCKUSART1 RX DATAUSART1 TX DATAI2C BUS CLOCKI2C BUS DATAGPIO/PWM0GPIO/PWM1AGPIO/AC+GPIO/AC-1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526UART_RXD0UART_TXD0PW0PW1PW2PW3PW4PW5PW6ADC7ADC6ADC5ADC4ADC3ADC2ADC1ADC0THERM_PWRTHRU1THRU2THRU3RSTNPWM1BVCCGNDNAME PINDESCRIPTIONGNDVSNSRINT3INT2INT1INT0BAT_MONLED3LED2LED1RDWRALEPW7USART1_CLKPROG_MOSIPROG_MISOSPI_SCKUSART1_RXDUSART1_TXDI2C_CLKI2C_DATAPWM0PWM1AAC+AC-27282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051PIN
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 46 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 16 MIB600 Ethernet Interface Board 16.1 Introduction The MIB600 provides Ethernet (10/100 Base-T) connectivity to MICA2 family Motes for communication and in-system programming. Its two standard configurations are (a) an Ethernet Gateway for a Mote network and (b) a Mote network programming and out-band diagnostic channel. The MIB600CA device contains, on a 4.5” × 2.25” platform a  MICA2 mote 54-pin connector (J1),  Mote target JTAG port (J12),  TCP/IP serial server,  In-system programmer compatible with UISP STK500,  On-board power regulation and monitor, and a  Power Over Ethernet (POE) power supply Figure 16-1. Photo of top side of an MIB600CA. 16.1.1 Mote Network – Ethernet Gateway A MICAz or MICA2 Mote running TOSBase or GenericBase is permanently installed on the MIB600. This forms a Mote RF to Ethernet bridge. 16.1.2 Mote Network Programming and Out-Band Diagnostic Channel The MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB600 for UISP programming from LAN connected host computers. Out band (non-RF) diagnostics can be forwarded from the Mote via its UART port over the LAN to host monitor/control computers. 16.2 Setup / Installation This section describes MIB600 installation and configuration for use in a TinyOS v1.1 environment. Ext 5V / POE Power Select MIB600 & Mote Reset External 5V DC Power J12: Mote JTAG port
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 47 16.2.1 Physical For other than temporary installations, the MIB600 should be installed in a ground isolated enclosure. 16.2.2 MICA Mote Connection MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB600 directly via the standard mote 51-pin HIROSE connector at J1. Two mounting holes are provided for securing the MICA2 Mote when installed at J1. It is recommended that these mounting points be used for longer term installations to ensure a reliable mechanical and electrical connection to the MIB600. 16.2.3 Power Two power supply sources are available with the MIB600  External 5VDC from AC wall-power adaptor  Power Over Ethernet External 5VDC Power Supply  Connect the external 5VDC power supply to an AC 110-240V power source.  Place the MIB600 SW2 in the POE position  Connect the DC plug to J7 of the MIB600 ; NOTE: Turn-on the MIB by placing the SW2 in the 5V position. Turn-off by placing the SW2 in the POE position. Power Over Ethernet / IEEE802.3af (POE). 0 WARNING! The Mote “ground” is at POE potential (-48 V). Do not connect MIB600 to facility/building ground when using POE. An IEEE 802.3af compliant power supply is provided for POE equipped facilities. Ethernet appliance power (-48 V) is supplied at pins 4/5 and 7/8 of the 10/100 Base-T RJ45 plug. Refer to Appendix A for Base-T wiring information. The MIB600 POE circuit contains IEEE 802.13f compliant power sequencing and classification circuitry. Reversed and over-voltage protection is provided. ; NOTE: The MIB600 only supports POE over the “spare wires” 4/5 and 7/8. It does not support POE shared on the Base-T signaling lines.  Connect the MIB600 to a POE-equipped LAN port.  Turn-On the MIB600 by placing the MIB600 SW2 in the POE position  Turn-Off by placing SW2 in 5V position (with External 5VDC supply disconnected) 16.2.4 MIB600–LAN Connection The MIB600 Serial Server connects directly to a 10 Base-T LAN as any other network device. Straight cables are used to connect to a hub or switch. If your connection is an MIB600 to PC you must use a crossed cable. Refer to Appendix A for LAN wiring information.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 48 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Table 16-2. Pin Outs for a LAN Connection Pin No. Strand Color Name 1 White and orange TX+ 2 Orange TX- 3 White and green RX+ 4 Blue 0V POE 5 White and blue 0V POE 6 Green RX- 7 Brown and white -48V POE 8 Brown -48V POE 16.3 Host Software 16.3.1 UISP UISP version 20030820tinyos or newer is required. This version is included in the TinyOS 1.1.0 September 2003 release package. Verify your system is using a compatible UISP version by entering uisp -–version in a Cygwin window (see the example below in Figure 16-3). Figure 16-3. Screen shot of the output after typing in uisp --version. 16.4 MIB600 Use 16.4.1 Controls and Indicators Power. MIB600 power (and power to attached mote) is controlled by the switch labeled “SW2.” 0 WARNING! Always turn-off the MIB600’s power before installing/removing a mote. Table 16-4. SW2 Switch Settings. Position Function 5V External 5V DC power supply selected POE Power Over Ethernet supply selected When valid power is detected, the green LED at D5 is ON. LAN Activity Indicators (RJ45). Green indicates a network connection is present. Yellow indicates Active ISP serial port traffic is present. RESET. Pressing the RESET pushbutton (SW1) causes the MIB600 and any installed/attached MOTE to reset. Note the Serial Server is NOT reset.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 49 Serial Server RESET. Pressing the S1 switch on the server sub-module (U15) manually resets the Ethernet serial server. ;NOTE The MIB600 and attached Mote are not reset. The serial server can also be reset via Telnet at Port 9999. ISP LED. During in-system programming of a Mote the ISP LED (D3) is ON. Mote LEDs. Three LEDs (red, green, yellow) correspond to the attached Mote’s indicators. 16.4.2 Mote UART (Serial Port) The Mote’s serial port can be accessed via Telnet using Port# 10002. Factory default serial rate on the Serial Server is 57.6 kbaud for compatibility with the standard TinyOS v1.1 release of TOSBase & GenericBase. If other baud rates or communication parameters are used in your Mote application, the serial server configuration must be changed. 16.4.3 In-System Programming The MIB600 ISP micro-controller is attached to Port#10002. UISP assumes this port assignment by default. Programming using MIB600 requires assigning an IP address to the device first followed by commands via Cygwin. Instructions can be found in Crossbow’s Getting Started Guide. 16.5 JTAG JTAG connection to the attached MICAz/MICA2 Mote is via J12. Note PIN1 orientation (square pad) is indicated by the J12 legend. Power for the JTAG pod is provided by the MIB600 at J12 pin 4. Please use the tables in this section as references when using the JTAG connection. Table 16-5 has information about the controls, indicators, and connector summary; Table 16-6 has information on the JT12 Mote JTAG pins.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 50 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Table 16-5. Controls, Indicators, and Connector Summary. ID NAME DESCRIPTION CONTROLS SW1 RESET MIB600 Manual RESET pushbutton. Resets MIB600 ISP controller and attached MOTE. SW2 POWER SELECT 5V Selects External 5VDC power source at J7 POE Selects Power Over Ethernet provided at RJ45/J10 Serial Server Reset Reset Serial Server. Located on Server sub module U15 CONNECTORS J1 MOTE I/O 51 Standard 51 Position MICAx-series Mote interface J7 External 5VDC Input Connects to external 5VDC +/-20% power supply J9 JTAG-ISP JTAG connection to MIB600 ISP Controller. For Factory Test only J10 RJ45 / LAN Ethernet 10Base-T connection (w/ IEEE 802.3af option) J11 MOTE Umbilical Umbilical connection to Mote Adapter PCB. Used for connection to MICA2 and MICA2DOT motes. J12 JTAG-MOTE JTAG connection to attached MICA2/MICA2DOT Mote. Provides JTAG connectivity between external JTAG pod and Mote. COM1 Factory use only. Do not use INDICATORS D2 MOTE-YELLOW Corresponds to attached Mote’s Yellow LED D4 MOTE-RED Corresponds to attached Mote’s Red LED D7 MOTE-GREEN Corresponds to attached Mote’s Green LED D3 ISP Active Indicates MIB600 in PROGRAMMING mode – RED D5 Power OK Indicated MIB600 input power is OK Table 16-6. J12 Mote JTAG PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1 TCK/ADC4 MICA2(DOT) JTAG Clock 2 GND Ground 3 TDO MICA2(DOT) JTAG Data Out 4 VCC 3.3V Power 5 TMS MICA2 (DOT) JTAG Sync 6 RSTN MICA2 (DOT) Reset 7 VCC 3.3V Power to JTAG Pod 8 N/C Not connected 9 TDI MICA2(DOT) JTAG Data In 10 GND Ground
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 51 17 Appendix A: 10/100 Base-T Cabling tandards Category 5(e) (UTP) color coding table
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Page 52 Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B 18 Appendix B. Warranty and Support Information 18.1 Customer Service As a Crossbow Technology customer you have access to product support services, which include: • Single-point return service • Web-based support service • Same day troubleshooting assistance • Worldwide Crossbow representation • Onsite and factory training available • Preventative maintenance and repair programs • Installation assistance available 18.2 Contact Directory United States: Phone: 1-408-965-3300 (8 AM to 5 PM PST) Fax: 1-408-324-4840 (24 hours) Email: techsupport@xbow.com Non-U.S.: refer to website www.xbow.com 18.3 Return Procedure 18.3.1 Authorization Before returning any equipment, please contact Crossbow to obtain a Returned Material Authorization number (RMA). Be ready to provide the following information when requesting a RMA: • Name • Address • Telephone, Fax, Email • Equipment Model Number • Equipment Serial Number • Installation Date • Failure Date • Fault Description
MPR/MIB User’s Manual Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B Page 53 18.3.2 Identification and Protection If the equipment is to be shipped to Crossbow for service or repair, please attach a tag TO THE EQUIPMENT, as well as the shipping container(s), identifying the owner. Also indicate the service or repair required, the problems encountered and other information considered valuable to the service facility such as the list of information provided to request the RMA number. Place the equipment in the original shipping container(s), making sure there is adequate packing around all sides of the equipment. If the original shipping containers were discarded, use heavy boxes with adequate padding and protection. 18.3.3 Sealing the Container Seal the shipping container(s) with heavy tape or metal bands strong enough to handle the weight of the equipment and the container. 18.3.4 Marking Please write the words, “FRAGILE, DELICATE INSTRUMENT” in several places on the outside of the shipping container(s). In all correspondence, please refer to the equipment by the model number, the serial number, and the RMA number. 18.3.5 Return Shipping Address Use the following address for all returned products: Crossbow Technology, Inc. 4145 N. First Street San Jose, CA 95134 Attn: RMA Number (XXXXXX) 18.4 Warranty The Crossbow product warranty is one year from date of shipment.
Crossbow Technology, Inc. 4145 N. First Street San Jose, CA 95134 Phone: 408.965.3300 Fax: 408.324.4840

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