Crossbow Technology 005MPR1000 902-928MHz, Frequency Hopping, Wireless Network User Manual

Crossbow Technology, Inc. 902-928MHz, Frequency Hopping, Wireless Network

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MPR-MIB Users Manual
Revision B, June 2006
PN: 7430-0021-07
© 2002-2006 Crossbow Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Crossbow, MoteWorks, MICA, TrueMesh and XMesh are registered trademarks of Crossbow
Technology, Inc. Other product and trade names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective holders.
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Table of Contents
Introduction.............................................................................................................................1
MPR2400 (MICAz).................................................................................................................2
2.1
Product Summary .......................................................................................................... 2
2.2
Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR2400 / MICAz......................................... 2
MPR400/MPR410/MPR420 (MICA2) ..................................................................................6
3.1
Product Summary .......................................................................................................... 6
3.2
Block Diagram and Schematics: MPR400/410/420 ...................................................... 6
MPR500/MPR510/MPR520 (MICA2DOT) .......................................................................11
4.1
Product Summary ........................................................................................................ 11
4.2
On-board Thermistor ................................................................................................... 11
4.3
Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT .................... 12
MPR300/MPR310 (MICA) ..................................................................................................16
5.1
Schematic..................................................................................................................... 16
MPR1000 (MICA3) ..............................................................................................................17
6.1
Block Diagram............................................................................................................. 17
6.2
Schematic..................................................................................................................... 17
6.3
Regulatory Compliance ............................................................................................... 18
Power .....................................................................................................................................19
7.1
Battery Power .............................................................................................................. 19
7.2
External Power............................................................................................................. 20
7.3
MICAz Battery Voltage Monitor................................................................................. 21
7.4
MICA2 Battery Voltage Monitor................................................................................. 21
7.5
MICA2DOT Battery Voltage Monitor ........................................................................ 22
Radios.....................................................................................................................................23
8.1
MICA2 and MICA2DOT............................................................................................. 23
8.2
MICAz ......................................................................................................................... 25
Antennas ..............................................................................................................................28
9.1
Radio/Antenna Considerations .................................................................................... 28
9.2
Connectors for the MICA2 and MICAz and Whip Antennas...................................... 29
10
Flash Data Logger and Serial ID Chip ............................................................................30
11
Atmega128 Fuses................................................................................................................31
12
Sensor Boards & Expansion Connectors.........................................................................32
12.1
Sensor Board Compatibility ..................................................................................... 32
12.2
MICAz and MICA2 Expansion Connector .............................................................. 32
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 1
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
12.3
13
MICA2DOT Expansion Connector.......................................................................... 34
MIB300 / MIB500 Interface Boards.................................................................................36
13.1
Programming the Mote ............................................................................................ 36
13.2
RS-232 Interface ...................................................................................................... 36
14
MIB510 Serial Interface Boards.......................................................................................37
14.1
Product Summary..................................................................................................... 37
14.2
ISP ............................................................................................................................ 37
14.3
Mote Programming Using the MIB510 ................................................................... 37
14.4
Interfaces to MICAz, MICA2, and MICA2DOT ..................................................... 38
15
MIB520 USB Interface Board...........................................................................................42
15.1
ISP ............................................................................................................................ 42
15.2
Mote Programming Using the MIB520 ................................................................... 42
15.3
MIB520 Use ............................................................................................................. 43
15.4
Reset......................................................................................................................... 43
15.5
JTAG ........................................................................................................................ 43
15.6
Power........................................................................................................................ 43
15.7
USB Interface........................................................................................................... 43
15.8
51-Pin Mote Connector Interface............................................................................. 44
16
MIB600 Ethernet Interface Board ...................................................................................46
16.1
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 46
16.2
Setup / Installation.................................................................................................... 46
16.3
Host Software........................................................................................................... 48
16.4
MIB600 Use ............................................................................................................. 48
16.5
JTAG ........................................................................................................................ 49
17
Appendix A: 10/100 Base-T Cabling tandards................................................................51
18
Appendix B. Warranty and Support Information..........................................................52
18.1
Customer Service ..................................................................................................... 52
18.2
Contact Directory ..................................................................................................... 52
18.3
Return Procedure...................................................................................................... 52
18.4
Warranty................................................................................................................... 53
Page 2
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
About This Document
The following annotations have been used to provide additional information.
; NOTE
Note provides additional information about the topic.
; EXAMPLE
Examples are given throughout the manual to help the reader understand the terminology.
3 IMPORTANT
This symbol defines items that have significant meaning to the user
0 WARNING
The user should pay particular attention to this symbol. It means there is a chance that physical
harm could happen to either the person or the equipment.
The following paragraph heading formatting is used in this manual:
1 Heading 1
1.1 Heading 2
1.1.1 Heading 3
This document also uses different body text fonts (listed in Table 0-1) to help you distinguish
between names of files, commands to be typed, and output coming from the computer.
Table 0-1. Font types used in this document.
Font Type
Usage
Courier New Normal
Sample code and screen output
Courier New Bold
Commands to be typed by the user
Times New Roman Italic TinyOS files names, directory names
Franklin Medium Condensed
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Text labels in GUIs
Page 3
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
1 Introduction
This User’s Manual describes the hardware features of the Mote Processor Radio (MPR)
platforms and Mote Interface Boards (MIB) for network base stations and programming
interfaces. It is intended for understanding and leveraging Crossbow’s Smart Dust hardware
design in real-world sensor network, smart RFID, and ubiquitous computing applications. Table
1-1 below lists the models in this Manual.
Table 1-1. This User’s Manual covers these MPR and MIB models.
2400
400/410/420
500/510/520
300/310
(MICAz)
(MICA2)
(MICA2DOT)
(MICA)
600
510
500
300
MPR
MIB
The Table 1-2 below summarizes the main features of each Mote.
Table 1-2. Mote Product Summary.
Mote Hardware Platform
Models (as of April 2005)
Chip
Type
MCU
Program Memory
(kB)
SRAM (kB)
MICAz
RF
Transceiver
(Radio)
Flash Data
Logger
Memory
Default power
source
10-Bit ADC
UART
Other interfaces
Chip
Radio Frequency
(MHz)
Max. Data Rate
(kbits/sec)
Antenna Connector
Chip
Connection Type
Size (kB)
Type
Typical capacity
(mA-hr)
3.3 V booster
MICA2DOT
MPR400/410/420
MPR500/510/520
ATMega128L
7.37 MHz, 8 bit
4 MHz, 8 bit
MICA
MPR300/310
ATMega103L
4 MHz, 8 bit
128
51 pin
18 pin
51 pin
7, 0 V to 3 V input
DIO, I2C
6, 0 V to 3 V input
DIO
7, 0 V to 3 V input
DIO, I2C
Type
Sensor Board
Interface
MICA2
MPR2400
CC2420
CC1000
TR1000
2400
315/433/915
433/915
250
38.4
40
MMCX
PCB solder hole
AT45DB014B
SPI
512
Coin (CR2354)
AA, 2×
AA, 2×
2000
560
N/A
2000
This Manual is not a software guide to programming the motes in TinyOS/nesC, nor is it a guide
to pre-built software packages that run on top of the Motes. The following two resources are
available regarding software:
‰
TinyOS Getting Started Guide by Crossbow Technology, Inc. available on the TinyOS
Support Tools CDROM or the Crossbow web site at www.xbow.com under Support>User’s
Manuals.
‰
The TinyOS web site at http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 1
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
2 MPR2400 (MICAz)
2.1
Product Summary
The MICAz is the latest generation of Motes from Crossbow Technology. The MPR2400 (2400
MHz to 2483.5 MHz band) uses the Chipcon CC2420, IEEE 802.15.4 compliant, ZigBee ready
radio frequency transceiver integrated with an Atmega128L micro-controller. The same MICA2,
51 pin I/O connector, and serial flash memory is used; all MICA2 application software and
sensor boards are compatible with the MPR2400.
Figure 2-1. Photo of the MPR2400—MICAz with standard antenna. For the dimensions of the
board and locations of the mounting holes, see Figure 2-2.
2.2
Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR2400 / MICAz
Antenna
MMCX connector
ATMega128L
µcontroller
Analog I/O
Digital I/O
Page 2
Feature
Batteries
Radio
Antenna
Data Flash Logger
Atmega128
Expansion Connector
Chapter
10
11
LEDs
CC2420 DSSS
Radio
51-Pin Expansion Connector
Logger
Flash
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Figure 2-1. Block diagram of the MICA2 and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in
greater detail.
2.2.1
51-pin Expansion Connector
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 3
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
2.2.2
Page 4
CC2420 Radio
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
2.2.3
Battery, ADC1
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 5
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
3 MPR400/MPR410/MPR420 (MICA2)
3.1
Product Summary
The MICA2 Motes come in three models according to their RF frequency band: the MPR400
(915 MHz), MPR410 (433 MHz), and MPR420 (315 MHz). The Motes use the Chipcon
CC1000, FSK modulated radio. All models utilize a powerful Atmega128L micro-controller and
a frequency tunable radio with extended range. The MPR4x0 and MPR5x0 radios are compatible
and can communicate with each other. (The x = 0, 1, or 2 depending on the model / frequency
band.)
MMCX connector
(female)
®
Atmel ATMega128
External power
connector
51-pin Hirose connector
(male)
On/Off Switch
Figure 3-1. Left: Photo of a MICA2 (MPR4x0) without an antenna. Right: Top and plan views
showing the dimensions and hole locations of the MICA2 PCB without the battery pack.
3.2
Block Diagram and Schematics: MPR400/410/420
Antenna
MMCX connector
ATMega128L
µcontroller
Analog I/O
Digital I/O
Feature
Battery / Ext. Power
Radio
Antenna
Data Flash Logger
Atmega128
Expansion Connector
Chapter
10
11
LEDs
CC1000 FSK
Power
Connector
51-Pin Expansion Connector
Logger
Flash
Figure 3-2. Block diagram of the MICA2 and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in
greater detail.
Page 6
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
3.2.1
Battery, Power, and ADC1
R6
ADC7
TP3
10K
BT1
V+
V-
BAT_MON
18.2K
U2
R7
BATTERY_2AA
LM4041-1.2
VCC
R2
R1
D1
0 OHM
BAT54C
0 OHM
1 SW2
VSNS
R3
0 OHM
R4
SPDT
0 OHM
R5
1K
J4
C2
.1uF
C1
.1uF
CONN
VSNSR
R8
BOARD OPTIONS
ADC[0..7]
ADC1
R1
R2
R4
R8
RT1
INSTALL
NOT INSTALLED
NOT INSTALLED
NOT INSTALLED
NOT INSTALLED
10K
RT1
10.0K
THERM_PWR
3.2.2
CC1000
RADIO CONTROL
AVCC
PCLK
PDATA
PALE
VCC
RADIO DATA
C5
0.033uF
SPI_SCK
SPI_MOSI
SPI_MISO
CHP_OUT
ADC0 (RSSI)
C6
.001uF
C7
.001uF
C8
220PF
C9
220PF
AVCC
C10
0.033uF
C11
.001uF
VCC
L1
BEAD-0805
L2
C12
AVCC
SPI_SCK
VCC
AVCC
PCLK
PDATA
PALE
23
24
25
26
27
10
11
13
L4
DIO
DCLK
PCLK
PDATA
PALE
21
C13
VCC
DCLK
AVCC
AVCC
AVCC
AVCC
U3
SPI_MISO
15
R12
10K
RF_IN
RF_OUT
CHP_OUT
RSSI
L1
L2
R_BIAS
XOSC1
XOSC2
L3
C14
12
28
CHP_OUT
18
17
MMCX
L5
ADC0
CC1000
R13
27.4K
C17
C16
.001uF
C18
4.7pF
C15
R14
82.5K
J5
Y4
14.7456MHZ
C19
13pF
C20
13pF
J3
VCC
HDR 2 X 1 X .1
R9
PALE
1M
PDATA
R11
R10
Title
1M
MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ
DCLK
1M
Size
Date:
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Document Number
6310-0306-01
Friday, March 21, 2003
Rev
Sheet
of
Page 7
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
3.2.3
51-pin Expansion Connector: Location J21
PW[0..7]
PIN
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
VSNSR
J21
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
PLUG
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
HIROSE
T[0..3]
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
ADC[0..7]
THERM_PWR
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
RSTN
PWM1B
VCC
DF9-51P-1V(54)
3.2.4
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
NAME
DESCRIPTION
GND
VSNSR
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-
GROUND
SENSOR SUPPLY
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLE
LED3
LED2
LED1
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
POWER CONTROL 7
USART1 CLOCK
SERIAL PROGRAM MOSI
SERIAL PROGRAM MISO
SPI SERIAL CLOCK
USART1 RX DATA
USART1 TX DATA
I2C BUS CLOCK
I2C BUS DATA
GPIO/PWM0
GPIO/PWM1A
GPIO/AC+
GPIO/AC-
51-pin Expansion Pads: Location J22
PW[0..7]
VSNSR
INT[0..3]
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-
HIROSE SOCKET
J22
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
ADC[0..7]
THERM_PWR
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
RSTN
PWM1B
PIN
NAME
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
THERM_PWR
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
RSTN
PWM1B
VCC
GND
DESCRIPTION
UART_0 RECEIVE
UART_0 TRANSMIT
POWER CONTROL 0
POWER CONTROL 1
POWER CONTROL 2
POWER CONTROL 3
POWER CONTROL 4
POWER CONTROL 5
POWER CONTROL 6
ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDI
ADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDO
ADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMS
ADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCK
ADC INPUT 3
ADC INPUT 2
ADC INPUT 1
ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITOR
TEMP SENSOR ENABLE
THRU CONNECT 1
THRU CONNECT 2
THRU CONNECT3
RESET (NEG)
GPIO/PWM1B
DIGITAL SUPPLY
GROUND
VCC
DF9B-51S-1V
M18
CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.
MTG128
Title
M20
MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ
MTG128
Page 8
Size
Document Number
6310-0306-01
Date:
Friday, March 21, 2003
Rev
Sheet
of
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
3.2.5
ATMega128L
VSNSR
VCC
R15
C21
470
C22
.1uF
R16
10K
C23
.1uF
RSTN
64
62
20
.1uF
R18
0 OHM
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
SPI_SCK
PWM0
PWM1A
PWM1B
R20
10K
10K
PC0/A8
PC1/A9
PC2/A10
PC3/A11
PC4/A12
PC5/A13
PC6/A14
PC7/A15
PE0/RXD0
PE1/TXD0
PE2/XCK0
PE3/OC3A
PE4/OC3B
PE5/OC3C
PE6/T3
PE7/IC3
PB0/SS
PB1/SCK
PB2/MOSI
PB3/MISO
PB4/OC0
PB5/OC1A
PB6/OC1B
PB7/OC1C
PF0/ADC0
PF1/ADC1
PF2/ADC2
PF3/ADC3
PF4/TCK
PF5/TMS
PF6/TDO
PF7/TDI
PEN
R21
SPI_MISO
PD0/I2C_CLK
PD1/I2C_DATA
PD2/RXD1
PD3/TXD1
PD4/IC1
PD5/XCK1
PD6/T1
PD7/T2
XTAL1
XTAL2
PG4/TOSC1
PG3/TOSC2
SPI_MOSI
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
PW7
PA0/AD0
PA1/AD1
PA2/AD2
PA3/AD3
PA4/AD4
PA5/AD5
PA6/AD6
PA7/AD7
VCC
ATMEGA128L
PG0/WR
PG1/RD
PG2/ALE
X1
X1
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
PALE
USART1_CLK
PCLK
PDATA
INT0
INT1
INT2
INT3
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
ADC0
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADC4
ADC5
ADC6
ADC7
33
34
43
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
AC+
AC-
INT[0..3]
ADC[0..7]
WR
RD
ALE
Y3
Y2
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
24
23
19
18
BAT_MON
CHP_OUT
THERM_PWR
PW[0..7]
FLASH_CS
SERIAL_ID
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
AVCC
AREF
RST
U7
LED3
LED2
LED1
X2
X2
X2
X1
GND GND
7.3728MHZ
C35
13pF
C36
13pF
32.768KHZ
CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.
Title
MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Size
Document Number
6310-0306-01
Date:
Friday, March 21, 2003
Rev
Sheet
of
Page 9
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
3.2.6
Flash Memory, Serial ID, LEDs, USART
VCC
C24
10uF
10V
C25
.01uF
C26
.01uF
C27
.01uF
C28
.01uF
C29
.01uF
C30
.01uF
VCC
VCC
R19
USART1_RXD
C31
1000pF
C32
1000pF
C33
1000pF
C34
1000pF
R22
1M
UART_TXD0
1M
R23
FLASH_CS
VCC
USART1_TXD
USART1_CLK
FLASH_CS
U5
4.7K
SI
SO
SCK
RST
CS WP
USART1_RXD
VCC
D2
LED1 2
AT45DB041
U6
SERIAL_ID
R25
470
RED D3
LED2
DQ
R26
470
DS2401P
D4
GREEN
LED3 2
RADIO CONTROL
FLASH INTERFACE
SENSOR INTERFACE
PCLK
PDATA
PALE
FLASH_SI
FLASH_SO
FLASH_CLK
SERIAL_ID
PW[0..7]
ADC[1..6]
UART INTERFACE
ADC7
R27
470
RADIO DATA
SPI_SCK
SPI_MOSI
SPI_MISO
CHP_OUT
ADC0
(RSSI)
Page 10
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
YELLOW
VCC MONITOR
CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.
CONTROL INTERFACE
Title
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ
Size
Document Number
6310-0306-01
Date:
Friday, March 21, 2003
Rev
Sheet
of
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
4 MPR500/MPR510/MPR520 (MICA2DOT)
4.1
Product Summary
The MICA2DOT is a Mote designed for applications where physical size is important. Like the
MICA2, these are available in three models according to the frequency of the RF transceiver: the
MPR500 (915 MHz), MPR510 (433 MHz), and MPR520 (315 MHz). The Motes use the
Chipcon CC1000 FSK-modulated radio. All models utilize a powerful ATMega128L microcontroller and a frequency tunable radio with extended range. The MPR4x0 and MPR5x0 radios
are compatible and can communicate with each other as long as the “x” is the same number.
®
Atmel ATMega128
(a) Top-side
®
Chipcon CC1000
(b) Bottom-side
Figure 4-1. Photos of the MICA2DOT shown next to a US quarter: a) Top-side and b) Bottomside. Typically the MICA2DOT has a 3 V coin-cell battery holder attached to the bottom-side,
but it has been removed to show the details.
4.2
On-board Thermistor
The MICA2DOT Mote has an on-board thermistor (Panasonic ERT-J1VR103J) which is a
surface mount component. It is on the ATMega128 side of the board at the location labeled
“RT1.” Its output is at ADC1 and is enabled by setting PW6 (PC6/A14) to “LO” and PW7
(PC7/A15) to “HI.”
The Mote’s ADC output can be converted to degrees kelvin in the 273.15 K to 323.15 K (0°C to
50 °C) range using the Steinhart-Hart equation, which is a widely used third-order
approximation.
T (K ) =
a + b ln Rthr + c(ln Rthr ) 3
where:
R1 × ( ADC _ FS − ADC )
ADC
and a, b and c are called the Steinhart-Hart parameters with the following values:
Rthr =
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 11
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
a = 0.00130705
b = 0.000214381
c = 0.000000093
R1 = 10 kΩ
ADC_FS = 1023
ADC = output value from the Mote’s ADC measurement.
4.3
Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT
Antenna
19 peripheral pins
Logger Flash
ATMega128L
µcontroller
Analog I/O
Digital I/O
Freq.
Tunable
Radio
Feature
Battery / Ext. Power
Radio
Antenna
Data Flash Logger
Atmega128
Expansion Connector
Chapter
10
11
25 mm
Figure 4-2. Block diagram of the MICA2DOT and listing of Chapters that discuss the
components in greater detail.
Page 12
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
4.3.1
MICA2DOT CC1000 Radio Side
L3
C10
AVCC
SPI_SCK
VCCA
AVCC
23
24
25
26
27
DCLK
PCLK
PDATA
PALE
10
11
13
L8
DIO
DCLK
PCLK
PDATA
PALE
21
C12
VCC
SPI_MISO
AVCC
AVCC
AVCC
AVCC
U3
CC1000
15
R13
10K
RF_IN
RF_OUT
CHP_OUT
RSSI
L1
L2
R_BIAS
XOSC1
XOSC2
L4
C13
12
28
POT_PWR
18
17
TP17 TP18
L9
ADC0
R18
82.5K
C16
.001uF
C17
4.7pF
R17
27.4K
R35
10K
C18
C19
Y1
X1
X2
14.7456MHZ
C20
13pF
INT3
C21
13pF
VCCA
R10
AVCC
PALE
VCCA
1M
PDATA
C3
0.033uF
C4
.001uF
C6
220PF
C9
.001uF
R12
R11
1M
DCLK
1M
AVCC
VCCA
Title
L2
BEAD-0805
MICA DOT2 RADIO SIDE
Size
Date:
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Document Number
6310-0300-01
Wednesday, March 26, 2003
Rev
Sheet
of
Page 13
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
4.3.2
MIC2DOT ATMega128L, ADC Interfaces, Battery
VCCA
C22
R21
.1uF
470
R22
C23
10K
VCCA
.1uF
21
52
64
62
20
RSTN
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
PC0/A8
PC1/A9
PC2/A10
PC3/A11
PC4/A12
PC5/A13
PC6/A14
PC7/A15
SPI_MOSI
PWM0
PWM1A
PWM1B
R27
PB0/SS
PB1/SCK
PB2/MOSI
PB3/MISO
PB4/OC0
PB5/OC1A
PB6/OC1B
PB7/OC1C
PEN
R28
10K
SPI_MISO
VCCA
22
53
63
10K
XTAL1
XTAL2
PG4/TOSC1
PG3/TOSC2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
SPI_SCK
PD0/INT0
PD1/INT1
PD2/RXD1
PD3/TXD1
PD4/IC1
PD5/XCK1
PD6/T1
PD7/T2
PE0/RXD0
PE1/TXD0
PE2/XCK0
PE3/OC3A
PE4/OC3B
PE5/OC3C
PE6/T3
PE7/IC3
24
23
19
18
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
PW7
PA0/AD0
PA1/AD1
PA2/AD2
PA3/AD3
PA4/AD4
PA5/AD5
PA6/AD6
PA7/AD7
GND
GND
GND
FLASH_CLK
I2C1_CLK
I2C1_DATA
FLASH_SO
FLASH_SI
PW[0..7]
VCC
VCC
AVCC
AREF
RST
U6
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
LED3
LED2
LED1
PF0/ADC0
PF1/ADC1
PF2/ADC2
PF3/ADC3
PF4/TCK
PF5/TMS
PF6/TDO
PF7/TDI
PG0/WR
PG1/RD
PG2/ALE
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
INT0
INT1
INT2
SPI_MOSI
INT3
PALE
PCLK
PDATA
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
SERIAL_ID
GPS_ENA
POT_PWR
ADC[0..7]
ADC0
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADC4
ADC5
ADC6
ADC7
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
33
34
43
AC+
ACDC_BOOST_SHDN
WR
RD
ALE
ATMEGA128LMLF
Y5
X2
X1
NC
32.768KHZ
Y4
X1
X1
GND GND
X2
X2
4.000MHZ
TP7 TP8 TP9 TP10 TP11 TP12
TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6
VCCA
SPI_SCK
RSTN
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
ADC[0..7]
ADC4
ADC5
ADC6
ADC7
TP13 TP14 TP15
PW[0..7]
PW0
PW1
TP19 TP20 TP21
VCCA
PWM1B
ADC2
ADC3
Page 14
GPS_ENA
INT1
INT0
BT1
BATTERY
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
4.3.3
Data Flash Logger/Serial ID, On-board Thermistor, LED
VCCA
R36
ADC1
VCCA
10K
D5
RT1
10.0K
SD103AW
C24
10uF
10V
C25
.01uF
C26
.01uF
PW7
PW6
VCCA
VCCA
R26
FLASH_SO
1M
R29
C31
1000pF
UART_TXD0
R30
C32
1000pF
1M
SERIAL_ID
4.7K
VCCA
D2
LED1
R31
470
RED
SERIAL_ID
U7
SI
SCK
RST
CS
GNDVCC
VCCA
FLASH_SI
FLASH_CLK
VCCA
SO
WP
FLASH_SO
R25
100K
AT45DB041
RSTN
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 15
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
5 MPR300/MPR310 (MICA)
; NOTE: The MICA Mote has been discontinued by Crossbow since December 2003.
The MICA Mote was the second generation Mote module used in many ground breaking
research and development efforts. The MPR300/310 includes a powerful Atmel ATMega128L. It
used an amplitude shift keying radio—the TR1000—by RF Monolithics, Inc.
5.1
Schematic
Schematics for the MPR300/310 Mote can be found at:
http://www.tinyos.net/scoop/special/hardware
Page 16
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
6 MPR1000 (MICA3)
The MPR1000 is a 1 watt high power mote with Frequency Hopping feature that enables it to
transmit over a very high range.
6.1
Block Diagram
Power Supply: Input power regulator which accepts 3.6 to 4.5VDC.
MCU: it includes ATMega128 processor and its’ peripherals.
Flash Memory: 4Kbit flash memory for storing firmware.
Radio: it is purposed for transmitting and receiving at 902MHz to 928MHz band using
Frequency Hopping modulation. The maximum output power of the radio is 5dBm
RF Power Amplifier: is used to boost up the output RF power of the radio to 30dBm or 1
Watt.
Note: RF circuitary including radio and RF power amplifier are covered by an RF shield.
Mica I/O interface: is the mote standard 51 pin connector which enables MPR1000 module to
connect to other modules for data transmission.
6.2
Schematic
MPR1000 Schematic will be released in future version of the manual.
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 17
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
6.3
Regulatory Compliance
This device has been designed, constructed, and tested for compliance with FCC Rules that
regulate intentional and unintentional radiators. The user is not permitted to make any
modifications to this equipment without express approval from Crossbow Technology Inc. Doing
so will void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept
any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own
expense.
This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum
gain of 2.0 dBi. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 2.0 dBi are
strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
Internal PCBA Antenna which has been developed on the board
External Antenna with a gain of 2.0 dBi or less
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so
chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted
for successful communication.
Page 18
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
7 Power
7.1
Battery Power
All motes are designed for battery power. The MICA2 and MICAz form factors are designed to
match up with two AA batteries; however any battery combination (AAA, C, D, etc., cells) can
be used provided that the output is between 2.7 VDC to 3.6 VDC.
The MPR500 (915 MHz band), MPR510 (433 MHz band), and MPR520 (315 MHz band, Japan
specific) MICA2DOT form factor is designed to match up with a single coin cell battery;
however any battery combination (AAA, C, D, etc., cells) can be used provided that the output is
between 2.7–3.6VDC.
Table 7-1. Batteries for the Mote Platforms.
Mote Hardware
Platform
MICAz
MICA2
MICA2DOT
Standard Battery (#
required)
AA (2)
AA (2)
Coin
Typical Battery Capacity
(mA-hr)
2000, Alkaline
2000, Alkaline
560, Li-ion
Practical Operating Voltage
Range (V)
3.6 to 2.7
3.6 to 2.7
3.6 to 2.7
Care should be used in selecting the battery and its capacity to match the energy needs of the
motes and their required operating span. Also make sure that the temperature range and
associated capacity degradation are looked at prior to deployment. Table 6-2 below provides
some useful guidance on current consumption of various system components.
Table 7-2. Current Requirements for the Motes in Various Operation.
Operating Current (mA)
MICAz
MICA2
MICA2DOT
12 (7.37 MHz)
12 (7.37 MHz)
6 (4MHz)
ATMega128L, sleep
0.010
0.010
0.010
Radio, receive
19.7
17
10
10
0.001
0.001
0.001
ATMega128L, full operation
Radio, transmit (1 mW power)
Radio, sleep
Serial flash memory, write
15
Serial flash memory, read
Serial flash memory, sleep
0.002
Table 7-3 below provides some useful guidance on how to predict battery life. The spreadsheet
can be found at http://www.xbow.com under the Support section.
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 19
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Table 7-3. Estimate of battery life operation for a Mote.
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Currents
Example Duty
Cycle
Processor
Current (full operation)
8 mA
Current sleep
8 µA
99
Current in receive
8 mA
0.75
Current transmit
12 mA
0.25
Current sleep
2 µA
99
Write
15 mA
Read
4 mA
Sleep
2 µA
100
Sensor Board
Current (full operation)
5 mA
Current sleep
5 µA
99
Radio
Logger Memory
Computed mA-hr used each hour
Processor
0.0879
Radio
0.0920
Logger Memory
0.0020
Sensor Board
0.0550
Total current (mA-hr) used
0.2369
Computed battery life vs. battery size
Battery Capacity (mA-hr)
Battery Life
(months)
250
1.45
1000
5.78
3000
17.35
; NOTE: In most Mote applications, the processor and radio run for a brief period of time, followed by a
sleep cycle. During sleep, current consumption is in the micro-amps as opposed to milli-amps. This
results in very low-current draw the majority of the time, and short duration spikes while processing,
receiving, and transmitting data. This method extends battery life; however, due to the current surges, it
reduces specified battery capacity. Battery capacity is typically specified by the manufacturer for a
constant nominal current drawn.
7.2
External Power
The MICA2 and MICAz can be externally powered through either:
1. The 51-pin connector will supply power and ground to the unit. Refer to connector
description.
Page 20
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
2. The 2-pin Molex connector. Molex part number 53261-0290, Digi-Key part number
WM1753-ND. (See Figure 7-4 below.)
Figure 7-4. Photo of using the Molex connector to attach the AA battery pack. Photo courtesy of
Nick Sitar, UC Berkeley, 2004.
7.3
MICAz Battery Voltage Monitor
The MICAz has an accurate internal voltage reference that can be used to measure battery
voltage (Vbatt). Since the eight-channel ADC on the ATMega128L uses the battery voltage as a
full scale reference, the ADC full scale voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In
order to track the battery voltage, the precision voltage reference (band gap reference) is
monitored to determine the ADC full-scale (ADC_FS) voltage span which corresponds to Vbatt.
To compute the battery voltage:
1. Program the application code to measure ADC channel 30 – the Internal Bandgap
Voltage reference.
2. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from ADC reading (ADC_Count) by:
Vbatt = Vref × ADC _ FS ADC _ Count
where:
Vbatt = Battery voltage
ADC_FS = 1024
Vref = Internal voltage reference = 1.223 volts
ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Internal Voltage reference
The TinyOS component VoltageM.nc can be wired into an application to provide this
measurement capability. The reserved keyword TOS_ADC_VOLTAGE_PORT is mapped to ADC
Channel 30 in the MICAz.
7.4
MICA2 Battery Voltage Monitor
The MICA2 units have an accurate voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage
(Vbatt). Since the eight-channel, ATMega128L ADC uses the battery voltage as a full scale
reference, the ADC full scale voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 21
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
calibrate the battery voltage a precision external voltage reference is required. The MICA2 uses
an LM4041 (Mfg: National Semiconductor) 1.223 V reference (Vref) attached to ADC channel 7.
; NOTE: ADC channel 7 is also used for JTAG debugging on the Atmega128 processor. MICA2s and
MICA2DOTs ship with the JTAG fuse enabled. When this fuse is enabled the input impedance of channel
7 is lowered which affects the voltage reference measurement. The fuse must be disabled if ADC channel
7 is used. See below for information on setting ATMega128L fuses.
To compute the battery voltage:
1. Set the BAT_MON processor pin (PA5/AD5) to HI.
2. Program the application code to measure ADC Channel 7.
3. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from Channel 7’s data by:
Vbatt = Vref × ADC _ FS ADC _ Count
where:
Vbatt = Battery voltage
ADC_FS = 1024
Vref = External voltage reference = 1.223 V
ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Channel 7
7.5
MICA2DOT Battery Voltage Monitor
Unlike the MICAz and the MICA2, the MICA2DOT uses a Schottky reference diode (S103AW)
as a voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage (Vbatt). Since the eight-channel,
ATMega128L ADC uses the battery voltage as a full-scale reference, the ADC full scale
(ADC_FS) voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to calibrate the battery
voltage an external voltage reference (Vref) is required.
To compute the battery voltage:
1. Set processor pins PW7 (PC7/A15) to LO and PW6 (PC6/A14) to HI.
2. Program the application code to measure ADC Channel 1 (ADC1).
3. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from channel 1’s data by:
Vbatt = Vref × ADC _ FS ADC _ Count
where:
Vbatt = Battery voltage
ADC_FS = 1024
Vref = External voltage reference = 0.6 volts
ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Channel 1
Page 22
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
8 Radios
8.1
8.1.1
MICA2 and MICA2DOT
Radio Considerations
The radio on the MICA2 and MICA2DOT is capable of multiple channel operation, within the
intended band of operation. The MPR420/MPR520 can span up to 4 channels of operation in the
315 MHz band, the MPR410/MPR510 can span up to 4 channels of operation in the 433 MHz
band (433.05–434.79 MHz). The MPR400/MPR500 can operate in two frequency regions: 868–
870 MHz (up to 4 channels) and 902–928 MHz (up to 54 channels). The actual number of
possible channels is higher for all the MICA2/MICA2DOT motes. However, it is recommended
that the adjacent channel spacing should be at least 500 kHz to avoid adjacent channel
interference thereby reducing the number of available channels. A tutorial on how to change
frequency is available at http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/mica2radio/CC1000.html.
8.1.2
Radio Transmission Power
The radio on the MICA2/MICA2DOT can be adjusted for a range of output power levels. The
register in the radio that controls the RF power level is designated PA_POW at address 0x0B,
and the values and their corresponding RF outputs are provided on Error! Reference source not
found. below. It shows the closest programmable value for output powers in steps of 1 dBm. For
power down mode the Chipcon datasheet says, “the PA_POW should be set to 00h [0x00] for
minimum leakage current.”
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 23
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Table 8-1. Chipcon® CC1000 Ouput Power (PA_POW) Settings and Typical Current
Consumption. From Smart RF® CC1000 Preliminary Datasheet (rev. 2.1), 2002-04-19, p. 29 of
48.
Pout (dBm)
PA_POW (hex)
433/315 MHz
Current
Consumption,
typ.
(mA)
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
10
0x01
0x01
0x02
0x02
0x02
0x03
0x03
0x03
0x04
0x04
0x05
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0a
0x0b
0x0c
0x0e
0x0f
0x40
0x50
0x50
0x60
0x70
0x80
0x90
0xc0
0xe0
0xff
5.3
6.9
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.6
7.6
7.9
7.9
8.2
8.4
8.7
8.9
9.4
9.6
9.7
10.2
10.4
11.8
12.8
12.8
13.8
14.8
15.8
16.8
20.0
22.1
26.7
PA_POW
(hex)
915 MHz
Current
Consumption,
typ.
(mA)
0x02
0x02
0x03
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0b
0x0c
0x0d
0x0f
0x40
0x50
0x50
0x60
0x70
0x80
0x90
0xb0
0xc0
0xf0
0xff
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.0
9.1
9.3
9.3
9.5
9.7
9.9
10.1
10.4
10.6
10.8
11.1
13.8
14.5
14.5
15.1
15.8
16.8
17.2
18.5
19.2
21.3
25.4
; NOTE:
In order to comply with "Biyjacku" (Japanese standard), the Radio Transmit power for the MICA2 must
have a PA_POW set to lowest value, 0x01.
The radio on the MICA2/MICA2DOT also provides a measurement of the received signal
strength, referred to as RSSI. This output is measured on ADC channel 0 and is available to the
software. Some versions of TinyOS provide this measurement automatically, and others must be
enabled by the user. The conversion from ADC counts to RSSI in dBm is given by:
Page 24
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
VRSSI = Vbatt × ADC _ Counts 1024
RSSI (dBm ) = −51.3 × VRSSI − 49.2 for 433 and 315 MHz Motes
RSSI ( dBm) = −50.0 × VRSSI − 45.5 for 915 MHz Motes
Figure 8-2. Graph showing VRSSI versus the received signal strength indicator (dBm). From the
ChipCon’s SmartRF® CC1000 PRELIMINARY Datasheet (rev. 2.1), p. 30. 2002.
Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment
expected. Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna
placement within the environment. In addition, care must be taken to ensure compliance with
FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators. An omni directional antenna such as a
quarter wavelength whip should be sufficient to meet most user requirements.
0 WARNING: The radio on the MICA2 has an extremely sensitive receiver, which can be interfered with
by an adjacent local oscillator from another MICA2. A distance of at least 2 feet should be maintained
between MICA2 units to avoid local oscillator interference.
8.2
8.2.1
MICAz
Radio RF Channel Selection
The MICAz’s CC2420 radio can be tuned within the IEEE 802.15.4 channels that are numbered
from 11 (2.405 GHz) to 26 (2.480 GHz) each separated by 5 MHz. The channel can be selected
at run-time with the TOS CC2420Radio library call
CC2420Control.TunePreset(uint8_t chnl). By default channel 11 (2480 MHz) is
selected.
8.2.2
Radio Transmission Power
RF transmission power is programmable from 0 dBm (1 mW) to –25dBm. Lower transmission
power can be advantageous by reducing interference and dropping radio power consumption
from 17.5 mA at full power to 8.5 mA at lowest power. RF transmit power is controlled using
the TOS CC2420Radio library call CC2420Control.SetRFPower(uint8_t power)
where power is an 8-bit code selected from the following:
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 25
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Power Register (code)
MICAz TX RF Power (dBm)
31
27
23
19
15
11
-1
-3
-5
-7
-10
-15
-25
3 IMPORTANT
For MPR2400J, the power is constant at 0dBm and any questions be directed to Crossbow,
Japan. http://www.xbow.com/jp/index.html
The RF received signal strength indication (RSSI) is read directly from the CC2420 Radio. In
TinyOS the RSSI is automatically returned in the TOSMsg->strength field with every radio
packet received. Typical RSSI values for a given RF input level are shown in Figure 7-1 below.
Figure 8-1. Typical RSSI value versus input RF level in dBm.
8.2.3
Known MICAz and TinyOS Compatibility Issues
1. #define PLATFORM_MICAZ
In general this #define should be added to various applications/libraries wherever
the text PLATFORM_MICA2 is found.
2. ATMega128L Timer2 Use
Timer2 is used for high resolution (32uSec) timing in the CC2420Radio stack. The
module HPLTimer2.nc located under the tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/micaz/ directory
provides the Timer2 resources to AsyncTimerJiffy component for this service.
Applications that use Timer2 will have to be modified to avoid conflicts with its use
for the MICAz platform radio stack.
Page 26
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
3. INT2 GPIO Line
MICA I/O signal INT2 (Port E, pin 6 on ATMega128 or 51-pin Hirose connector pin
4) is used internally to the MICAz for the CC2420 Radio Receiver FIFO Ready
interrupt. Use of INT2 for any other purpose must be done with care. Specifically, the
Port configuration (input, active low) must be restored following use in other
software modules.
; NOTE: Programmers should be cautioned that the MICAz receiver radio stack
(CC2420RadioM.nc) will be disabled if the INT2 pin is reprogrammed/re-tasked by another TOS
component.
4. MTS300/310 (a.k.a., micasb) Temperature Sensor
•
•
INT2 control line is used on the MTS300/310 (micasb) for enabling the
thermistor. During temperature measurement, interrupts from the MICAz radio
receiver are inhibited. MICAz radio received packets are buffered in the CC2420
RX FIFO. If the MTS300/310’s thermistor is enabled for too long the receiver
buffer may overflow. During temperature measurements dropout in data reading.
This is due to receipt of a radio packet which will strobe the INT2 and thus affect
the thermistor voltage. Following temperature measurement, the MTS300/310
driver must restore the INT2 port to configuration used for handling interrupts
from the CC2420 radio. Symptom of not restoring the INT2 port correctly is all
that radio reception stops.
A fix the temperature sensor issue:
•
INT2 Control
A modified PhotoTempM.nc module is provided in tinyos1.x/tos/platform/micaz/. This module restores INT2 port following each
measurement.
•
Temperature data drop out
Software can be added to exclude/reject a temperature reading differentials
that exceed what is physically possible from one sample to the next.
•
Hardware can be modified to buffer/overdrive CC2420 Radio’s packet
received flag during temperature measurements. The following two changes
are suggested.
a. MTS300/310 Sensor Board Module: Remove capacitor C1 (located near
RT1 thermistor)
b. MICAz Module: Change resistor at location R31 to 10 kΩ.
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 27
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
9 Antennas
9.1
Radio/Antenna Considerations
Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment
expected. Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna
placement within the environment. In addition, care must be taken to ensure compliance with
FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators. Because of its small physical size, the usual
antenna chosen is a length of insulated wire one-quarter wavelength long for the frequency of
interest. This type of antenna is often called a monopole antenna, and its gain is ground plane
dependent.
Antenna lengths for the different radio frequencies are provided in Table 9-1.
Table 9-1. Antenna lengths for quarter wavelength whip antennas. The part number’s for the
connectorized antennas are listed.
Name
Model
MICA2/MICA2DOT
MICA2/MICA2DOT
MPR400 (916 MHz)
Whip Antenna Length
(inches)
3.2
MPR410 (433 MHz)
6.8
MPR420 (315 MHz)
MPR2400 (2400 MHz)
9.4
1.2
MICA2/MICA2DOT
MICAZ
Crossbow Part
No.
8060-0011-01
8060-0011-02
8060-0011-03
8060-0011-04
Antennas are also available from Linx Technologies, such as part number ANT-433-PW-QW for
433 MHz and ANT-916-PW-QW for 916 MHz. These antennas are terminated in a coax pigtail,
and must have an MMCX connector installed. They also function best with a ground plane
installed, as shown in Figure 9-2. The ground plane can be a layer of aluminum or copper tape
attached to the lid of a plastic enclosure, or the lid of a metal enclosure.
NUT MAKES
CONTACT WITH
GROUND PLANE
METALLIC
GROUND
PLANE
1/2 WAVELENGTH
RECOMMENDED
Figure 9-2. Illustration of an antenna option for the motes using a Linx antenna and ground
plane.
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
9.2
Connectors for the MICA2 and MICAz and Whip Antennas
The MICA2 and MICAz have an MMCX connector for attaching an external antenna. These
mating connectors can be purchased from Digi-Key. There are two manufacturers—Johnson
Components and Hirose Electric Ltd. The mating connectors come in straight and right angle.
They also support two different standard varieties of Coaxial cable—RG178 /U and RG 316/U.
There are also other vendors who sell MMCX to SMA conversion cables.
Table 9-3. Johnson Components’ MMCX mating connectors*
Type
Coax
Digi-Key PN
Johnson PN
Straight Plug
RG178/U
J589-ND
135-3402-001
Straight Plug
RG316/U
J590-ND
135-3403-001
Right Angle
RG178/U
J593-ND
135-3402-101
Right Angle
RG316/U
J594-ND
135-3403-101
Right Angle
RG 316 DS
J595-ND
135-3404-101
These connectors require the following hand crimp and die set (Digi-Key part # / Johnson part #):
a) Hand crimp (J572-ND / 140-0000-952), b) Die (JD604-ND / 140-0000-953).
Table 9-4. Hirose MMCX connectors.
Type
Coax
Digi-Key PN
Hirose PN
Straight Plug
RG178/U
H3224-ND
MMCX-J-178B/U
Right Angle
RG178/U
H3221-ND
MMCX-LP-178B/U
Right Angle
RG316/U
H3222-ND
MMCX-LP-316/U
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
10
Flash Data Logger and Serial ID Chip
All Motes feature a 4-Mbit serial flash (Atmel AT45DB041) for storing data, measurements, and
other user-defined information. It is connected to one of the USART on the ATMega128L. This
chip is supported in TinyOS which uses this chip as micro file system. The serial flash device
supports over 100,000 measurement readings. This chip is also used for over-the-air
reprogramming services available in TinyOS.
Also on the MICA2 is a 64-bit serial ID chip.
; NOTE: This device consumes 15 mA of current when writing data.
VCC
USART1_TXD
USART_CLK
FLASH_CS
SI
SO
8 USART1_RXD
SCK
RST
CS
WP
Atmega AT45DB041
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
11
Atmega128 Fuses
The ATMega128L processor on the Motes has many programmable fuses to control various
parameters. Refer to Atmel’s technical information for the ATMega128L for a complete
discussion of the fuses (http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/2467s.pdf). There
are two fuses that TinyOS users should be aware of as setting these fuses incorrectly will cause
the unit to not operate correctly.
11.1.1
Atmega103 compatibility mode fuse
This fuse put the ATMega128 in the ATMega103 compatible mode. This fuse was set for the
older generation MICA units. It must be disabled for MICA2 and MICA2DOTs.
11.1.2
JTAG fuse
This fuse enables users to use the Atmel JTAG pod for in-circuit code debugging. Units are
shipped with JTAG enabled. As discussed in the previous section on battery voltage monitoring,
if JTAG is enabled, it will cause inaccurate measurements on ADC channel 7.
11.1.3
Using UISP to set fuses
The UISP utility used to download code to the MICAz, MICA2, or MICA2DOT on a
programming board can also be used to set and unset fuses of the Atmel® ATMega128.
Table 11-1. UISP Commands for Setting the ATMega128’s Fuses.
Action
Disable JTAG fuse
Enable JTAG fuse
Enable native 128 mode
Command
uisp -dprog= --wr_fuse_h=0xD9
uisp -dprog= --wr_fuse_h=0x19
uisp -dprog= --wr_fuse_e=ff
 is the device you are using to interface to the Mote from a computer. The current options
are dapa (for an MIB500), mib510 for a MIB510; and EPRB for a MIB600.
Users can also edit the file called profile in the cygwin/etc/ directory and enter an alias. One
example is this alias to disable the JTAG fuse:
alias fuse_dis="uisp -dprog= --wr_fuse_h=0xD9"
Therefore, when fuse_dis and is entered into a Cygwin command line, the script will be
executed.
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
12
Sensor Boards & Expansion Connectors
Crossbow supplies a variety of sensor and data acquisition boards for the Motes. This Chapter
describes the connectors and the functions of the pins for the MICAz, MICA2, MICA, and
MICA2DOT.
Information for customized sensor board design is available on the Crossbow web site.
12.1
Sensor Board Compatibility
Table 12-1. Sensor board compatibility.
Mote Platform
Mote Interface Connector
Hardware Compatibility with:
Section
MICA2
Use 51 pin connector
Use 51 pin connector
Use circular, 19 pin connector
MICAz, MICA2 sensor boards
MICAz, MICA2 sensor boards
MICA2DOT sensor boards
11.2
11.2
11.3
MICAz
MICA2DOT
12.2
MICAz and MICA2 Expansion Connector
Connection to the MICAz and MICA2 Motes is by a 51-pin connector (see Table 12-1 below).
Figure 12-1. Hirose DF-51P-1V(54)—Digi-Key part no. H2175-ND—on left is used on the
MICAz, MICA2, and MICA Motes boards. The Hirose DF9-51S-1V(54)—Digi-Key part no.
H2163-ND—on right is the corresponding connector used on the MIB Interface Boards and
Stargate Gateways.
The expansion connector provides a user interface for sensor boards and base stations. The
connector includes interfaces for power and ground, power control of peripheral sensors, ADC
inputs for reading sensor outputs, UART interfaces, and I2C interface, general-purpose digital
IO, and others.
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
12.2.1
MICAz and MICA2 Sensor Interface.
Table 12-2. MICAz Sensor Interface.
Pin
Name
Description
Pin
Name
Description
GND
Ground
27g
UART_RXDO
UART_0 Receive
VSNR
Sensor Supply
28g
UART_TXDO
UART_0 Transmit
INT3
GPIO
29
PWO
GPIO/PWM
INT2
GPIO
30
PW1
GPIO/PWM
INT1
GPIO
31
PW2
GPIO/PWM
INT0
GPIO
32
PW3
GPIO/PWM
7gg
CC_CCA
Radio Signal
33
PW4
GPIO/PWM
8g
LED3
Green LED
34
PW5
GPIO/PWM
LED2
Yellow LED
35
10
LED1
Red LED
36
PW6
GPIO/PWM
ADC7
ADC CH7, JTAG TDI
11
RD
GPIO
37
ADC6
ADC CH6, JTAG TDO
12
WR
GPIO
38g
ADC5
ADC CH5, JTAG
13
ALE
GPIO
39g
ADC4
ADC CH4, JTAG
14
PW7
GPIO
40
ADC3
GPIO/ADC CH3
15
USART1_CLK
USART1 Clock
41
ADC2
GPIO/ADC CH2
16
gg
PROG_MOSI
Serial Program MOSI
42
ADC1
GPIO/ADC CH1
17
gg
PROG_MISO
Serial Program MISO
43
ADC0
GPIO/ADC CH0
18gg
SPI_CLK
SPI Serial Clock
44
THERM_PWR
Temp Sensor Enable
19
USART1_RXD
USART1 Receive
45
THRU1
Thru Connect 1
20
USART1_TXD
USART1 Transmit
46
THRU2
Thru Connect 2
21
I2C_CLK
I2C Bus Clock
47
THRU3
Thru Connect 3
gg
22
I2C_DATA
I2C Bus Data
48
RSTN
Reset (Neg.)
23
PWM0
GPIO/PWM0
49
PWM1B
GPIO/PWM1B
24
PWMIA
GPIO/PWM1A
50
VCC
Digital Supply
25
AC+
GPIO/AC+
51
GND
Ground
26
AC-
GPIO/AC-
(gOK to use but has shared functionality. ggDo not use)
Table 12-3. MICA2 Sensor Interface.
Pin
Name
Description
Pin
Name
Description
GND
Ground
27g
UART_RXDO
UART Receive
VSNR
Voltage (battery
28g
UART_TXDO
UART Transmit
INT3
GPIO
29
PWO
GPIO/PWM
INT2
GPIO
30
PW1
GPIO/PWM
INT1
GPIO
31
PW2
GPIO/PWM
INT0
GPIO
32
PW3
GPIO/PWM
7g
BAT_MON
Battery Voltage Monitor
33
PW4
GPIO/PWM
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
8g
10
11
LED3
Green LED
34
PW5
GPIO/PWM
LED2
Yellow LED
35
LED1
RD
Red LED
GPIO
36
PW6
GPIO/PWM
ADC7
GPIO/ADC CH7, JTAG
ADC6
GPIO/ADC CH6, JTAG
37
12
WR
GPIO
38
ADC5
GPIO/ACD CH5, JTAG
13
ALE
GPIO
39g
ADC4
GPIO/ADC CH4, JTAG
14
PW7
GPIO
40
ADC3
GPIO/ADC CH3
15
USART_CLK
USART Clock
41
ADC2
GPIO/ADC CH2
16
gg
PROG_MOSI
Programmer Pin
42
ADC1
GPIO/ADC CH1
17
gg
PROG_MISO
Programmer Pin
43
ADC0
GPIO/ADC CH0
18
gg
SPI_CLK
Radio Clock
44
THERM_PWR
GPIO
19
USART1_RXD
USART1 Receive
45
THRU1
Thru User Connect
20
USART1_TXD
USART1 Transmit
46
THRU2
Thru User Connect
21
I2C_CLK
I2C Bus Clock
47
THRU3
Thru User Connect
gg
22
I2C_DATA
I2C Bus Data
48
RSTN
Micro Processor Reset
23
PWMIO
GPIO
49
PWM1B
GPIO
24
PWMIA
GPIO
50
VCC
Voltage (battery)
25
AC+
GPIO
51
GND
Ground
26
AC-
GPIO
(gOK to use but has shared functionality. ggDo not use)
12.3
MICA2DOT Expansion Connector
The interface to the MPR500 is through a series of 19 pins Elpacko spaced around the
circumference of the MPR5x0 Mote. (They represent a subset of the pins available on the
MPR5x0.) They include a set of power control pins, ADC channels, power, ground, some
general purpose digital IO, and the serial programming port. For applications with more digital
IO, the ADC pins can be reconfigured as digital input/output but not both.
0 WARNING: The TP12 (SPI_CK) pin is controlled by the Radio. In the majority of applications it
should not be used. It is also used for programming the processor.
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Loc. 19
Loc. 1
Loc. 2
Loc.
Pin
Name
Description
-0.290
0.315
TP1
GND
Ground
-0.370
0.230
TP2
ADC7
ADC Channel 7
-0.420
0.120
TP3
ADC6
ADC Channel 6
-0.430
0.000
TP4
ADC5
ADC Channel 5
-0.420
-0.120
TP5
ADC4
ADC Channel 4
-0.335
-0.275
TP13
ADC3
ADC Channel 3
-0.225
-0.375
TP14
ADC2
ADC Channel 2
-0.120
-0.420
TP10
UART_RX
UART Receive
0.000
-0.430
TP9
UART_TX
UART Transmit
10
0.120
-0.420
TP21
THERM_PWR
GPIO
11
0.225
-0.375
TP15
PWM1B
GPIO
12
0.335
-0.275
TP11
RESETN
MCU Reset
13
0.420
-0.120
TP18
GND
Ground (Battery –term)
14
0.420
0.120
TP19
INT0
GPIO
15
0.370
0.230
TP20
INT1
GPIO
16
0.290
0.315
TP12
SPI_CLK
Radio Clock
17
0.100
0.420
TP8
PW0
GPIO/PWM
18
0.000
0.430
TP7
PW1
GPIO/PWM
19
-0.100
0.420
TP6
VCC
Voltage (Battery +term)
Figure 12-2. MICA2DOT pin locations and sensor interface description. The locations of the
pins are taken relative to the geometric center of the board. The board has a diameter of 0.988
inches. Note the “TP” under the “Pin” column means “test point.”
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
13
MIB300 / MIB500 Interface Boards
; NOTE: The MIB300 and MIB500 have been discontinued by Crossbow. The MIB500 has been
replaced by the MIB510.
0 WARNING: When programming a MICA2 with the MIB500, turn off the battery switch. For a
MICA2DOT, remove the battery before inserting into the MIB500. The MICA2s and MICA2DOTs do not
have switching diodes to switch between external and battery power.
13.1
Programming the Mote
The MIB300/MIB500 interface boards are multi-purpose interface boards used in conjunction
with the MICA Family of products. They supply power to the devices through an external power
adapter option, and provide interfaces for an RS232 serial port and reprogramming port (using
the parallel printer interface). The MIB300 can only be used with an external 3 VDC supply, or it
can take advantage of the battery power supplied from the mote.
The MIB500 has an on-board regulator that will accept 5 to 7 VDC, and supplies a regulated 3
VDC to the MICA The MIB500 is delivered with a wall power supply. It also has monitor LEDs
that mirror the LEDs on the MICA.
There is a built-in low voltage monitor that disables reprogramming if the power supply voltage
is dangerously low. When the proper programming voltage exists—the Green LED adjacent the
parallel port is lit—D6. If the voltage goes below 2.95V, the Green LED D6 will turn off,
programming is disabled.
The MIB500 also has an interface connector for reprogramming the MICA2DOT. Programming
the mote is accomplished by connecting the MIB300/MIB500 to the parallel port of the
computer, and executing the required programming software—UISP—supplied with the TinyOS
install.
; NOTE: There have been numerous reported difficulties with programming motes through the
MIB500CA. These include program failure, flash verification errors, and dead Motes. The root cause of
these problems is almost always one of two issues: 1) low programming voltage or 2) UISP problems on
the Host PC. A detailed application note is posted at http://www.xbow.com under Support. Please review
this application note, if you have trouble programming. Programming the Motes improperly or with a bad
UISP install can result in permanent damage to the Mote CPU.
13.2
RS-232 Interface
The RS-232 interface is a standard single channel bi-directional interface with a DB9 connector
to interface to an external computer. It uses transmit and receive lines only.
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
14
MIB510 Serial Interface Boards
; NOTE: The MIB510 will only work with ATMega128 processors used on the MICA2 and MICA2DOT.
It will work for older Mica units that have the ATMega128 processor but not earlier processors such as the
ATMega103.
14.1
Product Summary
The MIB510 interface board is a multi-purpose interface board used with the MICAz, MICA2,
MICA, and MICA2DOT family of products. The board is supplied with all MOTE-KITs. It
supplies power to the devices through an external power adapter option, and provides an
interface for a RS-232 Mote serial port and reprogramming port.
Reset Switch (SW1)
; NOTE: Enable/Disable
AC Wall-Power
Connector
Mote TX switch (“SW2”).
This should normally be
in the “OFF” position.
RS-232 Serial Port
(DB9 female)
ISP LED (red)
Power OK LED
(green)
MICAx-series
connector
MICA2DOT connector on
bottom side
Mote JTAG connector
Figure 14-1. Photo of top view of an MIB510CA.
14.2 ISP
The MIB510 has an on-board in-system processor (ISP)—an Atmega16L located at U14—to
program the Motes. Code is downloaded to the ISP through the RS-232 serial port. Next the ISP
programs the code into the mote. The ISP and Mote share the same serial port. The ISP runs at a
fixed baud rate of 115.2 kbaud. The ISP continually monitors incoming serial packets for a
special multi-byte pattern. Once this pattern is detected it disables the Mote’s serial RX and TX,
then takes control of the serial port.
0 WARNING: Some USB to DB9 serial port adapters cannot run at 115 kbaud.
The ISP processor is connected to two LEDs, a green LED labeled “SP PWR” (at D3) and a red
LED labeled “ISP” (at D5). SP PWR is used to indicate the power state of the MIB510 (see
below). If the ISP LED is on, the MIB510 has control of the serial port. It will also blink once
when the RESET (SW1) button is pushed and released.
14.3
Mote Programming Using the MIB510
Programming the Motes requires having TinyOS installed in your host PC. Instructions for
installing TinyOS can be found in Crossbow’s Getting Started Guide or on-line at
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 37
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
http://www.tinyos.net/download.html. The commands for downloading build (compiled) code
depend on the Mote platform you are programming. Instructions can also be found in the Getting
Started Guide.
0 WARNING: Under Cygwin the ISP may not get control of the serial port if the Mote is continually
sending packets over the serial TX line at a high rate. If this happens, the UISP will hang. This can be
fixed by:
1. Type Ctrl C in the Cygwin window and try again.
2. Turn SW2 to the “ON” position. This turns on a circuit to disable the Mote’s TX line. Be sure to set
SW2 to ‘OFF’ after programming the mote if you are using the Mote as a base station (e.g., a
MICAz or MICA2 Mote programmed with Surge_Reliable as node “0” or with TOSBase).
14.4
Interfaces to MICAz, MICA2, and MICA2DOT
The MIB510 has connectors for the MICAz, MICA2 and MICA2DOT. For the MICAz and
MICA2 there is another connector on the bottom side of the MIB510 to allow the simultaneous
attachment of a sensor board. MICA2DOTs with battery connectors can be mounted, also, to the
bottom side of the board.
14.4.1
Reset
The “RST MOTE” push button switch resets both the ISP and Mote processors. RST resets the
ISP; after the ISP powers-up it resets the Mote’s processor.
14.4.2
JTAG
The MIB510 has a connector, J3 (“MOTE JTAG”) which connects to an Atmel JTAG pod for
in-circuit debugging. This connector will supply power to the JTAG pod; no external power
supply is required for the pod.
0 WARNING: The MIB510 also has JTAG and ISP connectors for the ISP processor. These are for
factory use only.
14.4.3
Power
The MIB510 has an on-board regulator that will accept 5 to 7 VDC, and supply a regulated 3
VDC to the MICAz, MICA2, and MICA Motes. The MIB510 is delivered with a wall power
supply.
0 WARNING: Applying more than 7 VDC will damage the on-board linear regulator.
There is a built-in low voltage monitor that disables reprogramming if the power supply voltage
is dangerously low. When the proper programming voltage exists the “ISP PWR” LED is on. If
the voltage goes below 2.9 V, the green “ISP PWR” LED will blink and disable the Mote from
any code downloads. If the voltage is too low to power the ISP then the “ISP PWR” LED will be
off.
0 WARNING: When programming a MICA2/MICAz with the MIB510, turn off the battery switch. For
a MICA2DOT, remove the battery before inserting into the MIB510. The MICA2s and MICA2DOTs do not
have switching diodes to switch between external and battery power.
14.4.4
RS-232 Interface
The RS-232 interface is a standard single channel bi-directional interface with a DB9 connector
to interface to an external computer. It uses the transmit and receive lines only.
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MPR/MIB User’s Manual
14.4.5
Schematics
PW[0..7]
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
VSNSR
J2
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
PLUG
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
HIROSE
INT[0..3]
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
ADC[0..7]
M1
M2
THERM_PWR
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
MTG128
MTG128
RSTN
PWM1B
VCC
PW[0..7]
DF9-51P-1V(54)
VSNSR
INT[0..3]
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-
HIROSE SOCKET
J1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
ADC[0..7]
THERM_PWR
RSTN
PWM1B
VCC
DF9B-51S-1V
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 39
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
PIN
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Page 40
NAME
GND
VSNSR
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-
PIN
NAME
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
THERM_PWR
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
RSTN
PWM1B
VCC
GND
DESCRIPTION
GROUND
SENSOR SUPPLY
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLE
LED3
LED2
LED1
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
POWER CONTROL 7
USART1 CLOCK
SERIAL PROGRAM MOSI
SERIAL PROGRAM MISO
SPI SERIAL CLOCK
USART1 RX DATA
USART1 TX DATA
I2C BUS CLOCK
I2C BUS DATA
GPIO/PWM0
GPIO/PWM1A
GPIO/AC+
GPIO/AC-
DESCRIPTION
UART_0 RECEIVE
UART_0 TRANSMIT
POWER CONTROL 0
POWER CONTROL 1
POWER CONTROL 2
POWER CONTROL 3
POWER CONTROL 4
POWER CONTROL 5
POWER CONTROL 6
ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDI
ADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDO
ADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMS
ADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCK
ADC INPUT 3
ADC INPUT 2
ADC INPUT 1
ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITOR
TEMP SENSOR ENABLE
THRU CONNECT 1
THRU CONNECT 2
THRU CONNECT3
RESET (NEG)
GPIO/PWM1B
DIGITAL SUPPLY
GROUND
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
14.4.6
RS-232, MICA2DOT, and Ext. Power Interface.
J4
TP5
13
25
12
24
11
23
10
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
TP6
J6
RS232_RX
RS232_TX
DB9-F-RA
VCC
J5
LPT1_MISO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
LPT1_RST
LPT1_MOSI
LPT1_SCK
ADC[0..7]
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
THERM_PWR
PWM1B
RSTN
INT0
INT1
SPI_SCK
PW0
PW1
DOT2
DB25-M-RA
M3
ADC4
ADC6
ADC5
TDI
ADC7
HDR2X5
10
M5
RSTN
MTG128
MTG128
J3
TCK
TDO
TMS
M4
VCC
M6
MTG128
MTG128
TP7
D1
TP8
TP9
VCC
J7
B2100
PIN
OUTER
U1
C1
.1uF
50V
VIN
VOUT
ADJ
GND
C2
10uF
35V
LMS8117-3.3
PJ-014D
CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.
Title
MIB500CA MICA PROG BOARD
Size
Document Number
6310-0304-01
Date:
Wednesday, March 26, 2003
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Rev
Sheet
of
Page 41
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
15
MIB520 USB Interface Board
The MIB520 provides USB connectivity to the MICA family of Motes for communication and
in-system programming. It supplies power to the devices through USB bus. MIB520CB has a
male connector while MIB520CA has female connector.
MICAx-series
connector
USB Serial Port
(A-type female)
Power OK LED
(green)
Reset Switch
(SW1)
ISP LED (red)
Mote JTAG
connector
(unmounted)
Figure 15-1a. Photo of top view of an MIB520CA.
USB Serial Port
(B-type Male)
MICA-series
connector
Power OK LED
(green)
Reset Switch
(SW1)
ISP LED (red)
Mote JTAG
connector
Figure 15-2b. Photo of top view of an MIB520CB.
15.1 ISP
The MIB520 has an on-board in-system processor (ISP)—an Atmega16L located at U14—to
program the Motes. Code is downloaded to the ISP through the USB port. Next the ISP programs
the code into the Mote.
15.2 Mote Programming Using the MIB520
Programming the Motes requires having TinyOS installed in your host PC. The MICAz and
MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB520 for UISP programming from USB connected host PC.
Page 42
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
15.3 MIB520 Use
15.3.1 Install FTDI USB Virtual COM Port Drivers
MIB520 uses FTDI FT2232C to use USB port as virtual COM port. Hence you need to install
FT2232C VCP drivers.
•
When you plug a MIB520 into your PC for the first time, the Windows detects and
reports it as a new hardware. Please select “Install from a list or specific location
(Advanced)” and browse to “MIB520 Drivers” folder of the TinyOS Support Tools
CDROM. Install shield wizard will guide you through the installation process.
•
When the drivers are installed, you will see two serial ports added under the Control
PanelÆSystemÆHardwareÆDevice ManagerÆPort. Make a note of the assigned
COM port numbers.
•
The two virtual serial ports for MIB520 are comn and com(n+1); comn is for Mote
programming and com(n+1) is for Mote communication.
15.4 Reset
The “RESET” push button switch resets both the ISP and Mote processors. It also resets the
monitoring software which runs on the host PC.
15.5 JTAG
The MIB520 has a connector, J3 which connects to an Atmel JTAG pod for in-circuit debugging.
This connector will supply power to the JTAG pod; no external power supply is required for the
pod.
0 WARNING: The MIB520 also has JTAG and ISP connectors for the ISP processor. These
are for factory use only.
15.6 Power
The MIB520 is powered by the USB bus of the host.
0 WARNING: When programming a MICA2/MICAz with the MIB520, turn off the battery
switch.
15.7 USB Interface
The MIB520CA offers two separate ports: one dedicated to in-system Mote programming and a
second for data communication over USB.
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 43
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
VIN TP7
VIN TP7
J51
J51
USB-A
A-USB-A-LP/SMT
DM
DP
TP6
DM
TP6
TP5
DP
TP5
MIB520CA
MIB520CB
Table 15-3. Pin Outs for a USB Connection
Pin No.
Name
Description
VBUS
Powered Supply Pin
USBDM
USB Data Signal Minus
USBDP
USB Data Signal Plus
GND
Ground Supply Pin
15.8 51-Pin Mote Connector Interface
PW[0..7]
UART_TXD0
UART_RXD0
VSNSR
INT[0..3]
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
HIROSE SOCKET
J1
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
ADC[0..7]
ADC[0..7]
THERM_PWR
RSTN
PWM1B
VCC
DF9B-51S-1V
Page 44
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
PIN
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
NAME
GND
VSNSR
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-
DESCRIPTION
PIN
NAME
GROUND
SENSOR SUPPLY
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLE
LED3
LED2
LED1
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
POWER CONTROL 7
USART1 CLOCK
SERIAL PROGRAM MOSI
SERIAL PROGRAM MISO
SPI SERIAL CLOCK
USART1 RX DATA
USART1 TX DATA
I2C BUS CLOCK
I2C BUS DATA
GPIO/PWM0
GPIO/PWM1A
GPIO/AC+
GPIO/AC-
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
THERM_PWR
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
RSTN
PWM1B
VCC
GND
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
DESCRIPTION
UART_0 RECEIVE
UART_0 TRANSMIT
POWER CONTROL 0
POWER CONTROL 1
POWER CONTROL 2
POWER CONTROL 3
POWER CONTROL 4
POWER CONTROL 5
POWER CONTROL 6
ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDI
ADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDO
ADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMS
ADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCK
ADC INPUT 3
ADC INPUT 2
ADC INPUT 1
ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITOR
TEMP SENSOR ENABLE
THRU CONNECT 1
THRU CONNECT 2
THRU CONNECT3
RESET (NEG)
GPIO/PWM1B
DIGITAL SUPPLY
GROUND
Page 45
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
16
16.1
MIB600 Ethernet Interface Board
Introduction
The MIB600 provides Ethernet (10/100 Base-T) connectivity to MICA2 family Motes for
communication and in-system programming. Its two standard configurations are (a) an Ethernet
Gateway for a Mote network and (b) a Mote network programming and out-band diagnostic
channel.
The MIB600CA device contains, on a 4.5” × 2.25” platform a
‰
‰
‰
‰
‰
‰
MICA2 mote 54-pin connector (J1),
Mote target JTAG port (J12),
TCP/IP serial server,
In-system programmer compatible with UISP STK500,
On-board power regulation and monitor, and a
Power Over Ethernet (POE) power supply
Ext 5V / POE Power
Select
MIB600 &
Mote Reset
J12: Mote
JTAG port
External 5V
DC Power
Figure 16-1. Photo of top side of an MIB600CA.
16.1.1
Mote Network – Ethernet Gateway
A MICAz or MICA2 Mote running TOSBase or GenericBase is permanently installed on the
MIB600. This forms a Mote RF to Ethernet bridge.
16.1.2
Mote Network Programming and Out-Band Diagnostic Channel
The MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB600 for UISP programming from LAN
connected host computers. Out band (non-RF) diagnostics can be forwarded from the Mote via
its UART port over the LAN to host monitor/control computers.
16.2
Setup / Installation
This section describes MIB600 installation and configuration for use in a TinyOS v1.1
environment.
Page 46
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
16.2.1
Physical
For other than temporary installations, the MIB600 should be installed in a ground isolated
enclosure.
16.2.2
MICA Mote Connection
MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB600 directly via the standard mote 51-pin
HIROSE connector at J1. Two mounting holes are provided for securing the MICA2 Mote when
installed at J1. It is recommended that these mounting points be used for longer term installations
to ensure a reliable mechanical and electrical connection to the MIB600.
16.2.3
Power
Two power supply sources are available with the MIB600
‰
‰
External 5VDC from AC wall-power adaptor
Power Over Ethernet
External 5VDC Power Supply
‰
Connect the external 5VDC power supply to an AC 110-240V power source.
‰
Place the MIB600 SW2 in the POE position
‰
Connect the DC plug to J7 of the MIB600
; NOTE: Turn-on the MIB by placing the SW2 in the 5V position. Turn-off by placing the SW2 in the POE
position.
Power Over Ethernet / IEEE802.3af (POE).
0 WARNING! The Mote “ground” is at POE potential (-48 V). Do not connect MIB600 to facility/building
ground when using POE.
An IEEE 802.3af compliant power supply is provided for POE equipped facilities. Ethernet
appliance power (-48 V) is supplied at pins 4/5 and 7/8 of the 10/100 Base-T RJ45 plug. Refer
to Appendix A for Base-T wiring information.
The MIB600 POE circuit contains IEEE 802.13f compliant power sequencing and classification
circuitry. Reversed and over-voltage protection is provided.
; NOTE: The MIB600 only supports POE over the “spare wires” 4/5 and 7/8. It does not support POE
shared on the Base-T signaling lines.
‰
‰
‰
16.2.4
Connect the MIB600 to a POE-equipped LAN port.
Turn-On the MIB600 by placing the MIB600 SW2 in the POE position
Turn-Off by placing SW2 in 5V position (with External 5VDC supply
disconnected)
MIB600–LAN Connection
The MIB600 Serial Server connects directly to a 10 Base-T LAN as any other network device.
Straight cables are used to connect to a hub or switch. If your connection is an MIB600 to PC
you must use a crossed cable. Refer to Appendix A for LAN wiring information.
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 47
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Table 16-2. Pin Outs for a LAN Connection
16.3
16.3.1
Pin No.
Strand Color
Name
White and orange
TX+
Orange
TX-
White and green
RX+
Blue
0V POE
White and blue
0V POE
Green
RX-
Brown and white
-48V POE
Brown
-48V POE
Host Software
UISP
UISP version 20030820tinyos or newer is required. This version is included in the TinyOS 1.1.0
September 2003 release package. Verify your system is using a compatible UISP version by
entering uisp -–version in a Cygwin window (see the example below in Figure 16-3).
Figure 16-3. Screen shot of the output after typing in uisp --version.
16.4
16.4.1
MIB600 Use
Controls and Indicators
Power. MIB600 power (and power to attached mote) is controlled by the switch labeled
“SW2.”
0 WARNING! Always turn-off the MIB600’s power before installing/removing a mote.
Table 16-4. SW2 Switch Settings.
Position
Function
5V
POE
External 5V DC power supply selected
Power Over Ethernet supply selected
When valid power is detected, the green LED at D5 is ON.
LAN Activity Indicators (RJ45). Green indicates a network connection is present. Yellow
indicates Active ISP serial port traffic is present.
RESET. Pressing the RESET pushbutton (SW1) causes the MIB600 and any
installed/attached MOTE to reset. Note the Serial Server is NOT reset.
Page 48
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Serial Server RESET. Pressing the S1 switch on the server sub-module (U15) manually
resets the Ethernet serial server.
;NOTE The MIB600 and attached Mote are not reset. The serial server can also be reset via Telnet at
Port 9999.
ISP LED. During in-system programming of a Mote the ISP LED (D3) is ON.
Mote LEDs. Three LEDs (red, green, yellow) correspond to the attached Mote’s
indicators.
16.4.2
Mote UART (Serial Port)
The Mote’s serial port can be accessed via Telnet using Port# 10002.
Factory default serial rate on the Serial Server is 57.6 kbaud for compatibility with the standard
TinyOS v1.1 release of TOSBase & GenericBase.
If other baud rates or communication parameters are used in your Mote application, the serial
server configuration must be changed.
16.4.3
In-System Programming
The MIB600 ISP micro-controller is attached to Port#10002. UISP assumes this port assignment
by default. Programming using MIB600 requires assigning an IP address to the device first
followed by commands via Cygwin. Instructions can be found in Crossbow’s Getting Started
Guide.
16.5
JTAG
JTAG connection to the attached MICAz/MICA2 Mote is via J12. Note PIN1 orientation (square
pad) is indicated by the J12 legend. Power for the JTAG pod is provided by the MIB600 at J12
pin 4. Please use the tables in this section as references when using the JTAG connection. Table
16-5 has information about the controls, indicators, and connector summary; Table 16-6 has
information on the JT12 Mote JTAG pins.
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 49
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
Table 16-5. Controls, Indicators, and Connector Summary.
ID
NAME
DESCRIPTION
CONTROLS
SW1
SW2
RESET
MIB600 Manual RESET pushbutton. Resets MIB600 ISP controller and attached MOTE.
POWER
SELECT
5V
POE
Serial Server
Reset
Selects External 5VDC power source at J7
Selects Power Over Ethernet provided at RJ45/J10
Reset Serial Server. Located on Server sub module U15
CONNECTORS
J1
MOTE I/O 51
J9
J10
External 5VDC
Input
JTAG-ISP
RJ45 / LAN
J11
MOTE Umbilical
J12
JTAG-MOTE
J7
COM1
Standard 51 Position MICAx-series Mote interface
Connects to external 5VDC +/-20% power supply
JTAG connection to MIB600 ISP Controller. For Factory Test only
Ethernet 10Base-T connection (w/ IEEE 802.3af option)
Umbilical connection to Mote Adapter PCB. Used for connection to MICA2 and
MICA2DOT motes.
JTAG connection to attached MICA2/MICA2DOT Mote. Provides JTAG connectivity
between external JTAG pod and Mote.
Factory use only. Do not use
INDICATORS
D2
D4
D7
MOTE-YELLOW
MOTE-RED
MOTE-GREEN
Corresponds to attached Mote’s Yellow LED
Corresponds to attached Mote’s Red LED
Corresponds to attached Mote’s Green LED
D3
D5
ISP Active
Power OK
Indicates MIB600 in PROGRAMMING mode – RED
Indicated MIB600 input power is OK
Table 16-6. J12 Mote JTAG
PIN
10
Page 50
NAME
TCK/ADC4
GND
TDO
VCC
TMS
RSTN
VCC
N/C
TDI
GND
DESCRIPTION
MICA2(DOT) JTAG Clock
Ground
MICA2(DOT) JTAG Data Out
3.3V Power
MICA2 (DOT) JTAG Sync
MICA2 (DOT) Reset
3.3V Power to JTAG Pod
Not connected
MICA2(DOT) JTAG Data In
Ground
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
17
Appendix A: 10/100 Base-T Cabling tandards
Category 5(e) (UTP) color coding table
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 51
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
18 Appendix B. Warranty and Support Information
18.1 Customer Service
As a Crossbow Technology customer you have access to product support services, which
include:
•
Single-point return service
•
Web-based support service
•
Same day troubleshooting assistance
•
Worldwide Crossbow representation
•
Onsite and factory training available
•
Preventative maintenance and repair programs
•
Installation assistance available
18.2 Contact Directory
United States:
Phone: 1-408-965-3300 (8 AM to 5 PM PST)
Fax:
1-408-324-4840 (24 hours)
Email: techsupport@xbow.com
Non-U.S.: refer to website
www.xbow.com
18.3 Return Procedure
18.3.1 Authorization
Before returning any equipment, please contact Crossbow to obtain a Returned Material
Authorization number (RMA).
Be ready to provide the following information when requesting a RMA:
•
Name
•
Address
•
Telephone, Fax, Email
•
Equipment Model Number
•
Equipment Serial Number
•
Installation Date
•
Failure Date
•
Fault Description
Page 52
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
MPR/MIB User’s Manual
18.3.2 Identification and Protection
If the equipment is to be shipped to Crossbow for service or repair, please attach a tag TO THE
EQUIPMENT, as well as the shipping container(s), identifying the owner. Also indicate the
service or repair required, the problems encountered and other information considered valuable
to the service facility such as the list of information provided to request the RMA number.
Place the equipment in the original shipping container(s), making sure there is adequate packing
around all sides of the equipment. If the original shipping containers were discarded, use heavy
boxes with adequate padding and protection.
18.3.3 Sealing the Container
Seal the shipping container(s) with heavy tape or metal bands strong enough to handle the weight
of the equipment and the container.
18.3.4 Marking
Please write the words, “FRAGILE, DELICATE INSTRUMENT” in several places on the
outside of the shipping container(s). In all correspondence, please refer to the equipment by the
model number, the serial number, and the RMA number.
18.3.5 Return Shipping Address
Use the following address for all returned products:
Crossbow Technology, Inc.
4145 N. First Street
San Jose, CA 95134
Attn: RMA Number (XXXXXX)
18.4 Warranty
The Crossbow product warranty is one year from date of shipment.
Doc. # 7430-0021-07 Rev. B
Page 53
Crossbow Technology, Inc.
4145 N. First Street
San Jose, CA 95134
Phone: 408.965.3300
Fax: 408.324.4840
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