Deltanode Solutions DDH002 Distributed Antenna System User Manual Fiber Distributed Antenna System DAS

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Date Submitted	2017-07-16 00:00:00
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Creation Date	2017-07-11 14:35:05
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Document Lastmod	2017-07-11 14:35:54
Document Title	Fiber Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Document Creator	FrameMaker 12.0.4
Document Author:	Jim Adams

Fiber Distributed Antenna System
(Fiber DAS)
Operation Manual
ŠCopyright 2017 by Bird Technologies, Inc.
Instruction Book Part Number 920-Fiber-DAS Rev. P3
Delta NodeÂŽ is a registered trademark of Delta Node Solutions Ltd. and Bird Technologies, Inc.
Safety Precautions
The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to any specific part or procedure, and
do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this publication. These precautions must be thoroughly understood and
apply to all phases of operation and maintenance.
WARNING
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating Personnel must at all times observe general safety precautions. Do not replace components or make
adjustments to the inside of the test equipment with the high voltage supply turned on. To avoid casualties,
always remove power.
WARNING
Shock Hazard
Do not attempt to remove the RF transmission line while RF power is present.
WARNING
Do Not Service Or Adjust Alone
Under no circumstances should any person reach into an enclosure for the purpose of service or adjustment of
equipment except in the presence of someone who is capable of rendering aid.
WARNING
Safety Earth Ground
An uninterruptible earth safety ground must be supplied from the main power source to test instruments.
Grounding one conductor of a two conductor power cable is not sufficient protection. Serious injury or death can
occur if this grounding is not properly supplied.
WARNING
Resuscitation
Personnel working with or near high voltages should be familiar with modern methods of resuscitation.
WARNING
Remove Power
Observe general safety precautions. Do not open the instrument with the power applied.
Safety Precautions
Safety Symbols
WARNING
Warning notes call attention to a procedure, which if not correctly performed, could result in personal injury.
CAUTION
Caution notes call attention to a procedure, which if not correctly performed, could result in damage to the
instrument.
Note: Calls attention to supplemental information.
The laser used in this system is a Class 3b laser that produces invisible infra‐red coherent
light. Avoid looking into connected fibers and receptacles. Not safe to view with optical
instruments. Always put the protection caps on unused fibers and receptacles.
ii
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Warning Statements
The following safety warnings appear in the text where there is danger to operating and maintenance personnel and
are repeated here for emphasis.
WARNING
This is NOT a consumer device.
It is design for installation by FCC LICENSEES and QUALIFIED INSTALLERS. You MUST have an FCC LICENSE or
express consent of an FCC licensee to operate this device. You MUST register Class B signal boosters (as defined in
47 CFR 90.219) online at www.fcc.gov/signal‐boosters/registration. Unauthorized use may result in
significant forfeiture penalties, including penalties in excess of $100,000 for each continuing violation.
See page 40
For CMRS 817‐824MHz Applications and American Cellular Applications:
WARNING
This is NOT a consumer device.
It is design for installation by FCC LICENSEES and QUALIFIED INSTALLERS. You MUST have an FCC LICENSE or
express consent of an FCC licensee to operate this device. Unauthorized use may result in significant forfeiture
penalties, including penalties in excess of $100,000 for each continuing violation.
See page 40
WARNING
This is NOT a consumer device.
It is designed for installation by an installer approved by an ISED licensee.
You MUST have an ISED LICENCE or the express consent of an ISED licensee to operate this device.
See page 40
WARNING
Avoid looking into connected fibers and receptacles.
The laser used in this system is a Class 3b laser that produces invisible infra‐red coherent light. Not safe to view
with optical instruments. Always put the protection caps on unused fibers and receptacles.
See page 15
iii
Safety Precautions
Caution Statements
The following equipment cautions appear in the text and are repeated here for emphasis.
CAUTION
Turn Off Test Tone
Do not forget to turn off the test tone when you are done with your uplink. Better check one extra time. They will
otherwise interfere with the normal operation of the system by causing noise to the base station.
See page 114
CAUTION
Unauthorized antennas, cables, and/or coupling devices may cause non‐conformity with national or international
regulations, could cause damage, or non‐conforming ERP/EIRP.
See page 41.
CAUTION
When mating RF connectors, ensure that they are properly aligned and not cross threaded.
Tighten SMA connectors to 8 in.‐lbs.
Do over torque RF connectors, this could result in damage to the Unit.
Do not under torque RF connectors, this could result in poor signal transmission.
See page 47
iv
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Safety Statements
USAGE
ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY
IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION.
USO
EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE
ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO.
BENUTZUNG
WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN,
KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.
UTILISATION
TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE
FABRICANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE L’INSTRUMENT.
IMPIEGO
QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO DIVERSO DA COME
SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE
COMPROMESSA.
Safety Precautions
SERVICE
SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID
DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO
SO.
SERVICIO
LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO
CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN
SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO.
WARTUNG
ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR FÜR GESCHULTES
FACHPERSONAL.
ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND WARTUNGSARBEITEN
AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN.
ENTRENTIEN
L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX
OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS
EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE FAIRE.
ASSISTENZA TECNICA
LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL
PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE
ELETTRICHE NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE QUALIFICATI A FARLA.
vi
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
About This Manual
This manual covers the operating & maintenance instructions for the following models:
Fiber‐DAS
Changes to this Manual
We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you discover any errors, or if you have suggestions
for improving this manual, please send your comments to our Solon, Ohio factory. This manual may be periodically
updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part number: 920‐Fiber‐DAS; and revision: P3.
Chapter Layout
Introduction — Describes the fundamentals of the Bird Fiber‐DAS and provides a list of commonly used
abbreviations and acronyms.
System Description — Describes the Major components that make up a Bird Fiber‐DAS system.
Installation Guidelines — Provides FCC requirements and safety considerations when installing a Bird Fiber‐DAS.
Commissioning — Lists the preparations and equipment required to successfully install and commission the Bird
Fiber‐DAS.
RF Commissioning — Chapter contains useful advice on how to design a well working system as well as
examples for fine tuning link a budget and controlling noise in a Bird Fiber‐DAS.
Model Identification — Provides a breakdown of the Bird part numbers for the Fiber‐DAS systems. A table of
part numbers used for Remote Units is also provided.
vii
Table of Contents
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Warning Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Caution Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv
Safety Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Changes to this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Chapter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
RF on fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2 System Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Central Gateway (CGW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Base Station Gateway (BGW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Remote Gateway (RGW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Headend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
DCS ‐ Network Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Master Frame Unit (MFU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Base Station Interface Unit (BIU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Interconnect Unit (ICU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PSU – the rack power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Remote Unit (RU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
DDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
DDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
DDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
DDU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Remote Unit Frequency Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
DMU – Remote head end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Repeaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
DMR 400 Series Rack Mount Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
DLR 600 Series Low Power Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
DMR600 Series Medium Power Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
DHR 800 Series High Power Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Bird Repeater Frequency Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Chapter 3 Installation guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Health and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Cable Routing/Antenna Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Antenna Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Safety and Care for Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Tools and Material Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Fiber Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Miscellaneous Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Installing Headend Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
BGW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Ethernet Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Master Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
viii
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Power Supply Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
BIU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
FOI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
RFU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Powering Up the Head End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Installing Remote Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Single Remote Unit Wall Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Double Remote Unit Wall Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Remote Unit Pole Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Solar Shield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Remote Unit Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Installing the DHR Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Single Repeater Wall Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Double Repeater Wall Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Repeater Pole Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Solar Shield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Chapter 4 DAS Software Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Ethernet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
BGW Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
BGW Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
EXT Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
VPN Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
NTP Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Email Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
BIU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
BIU RF1 Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
BIU RF1 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
BIU Hardware Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
BIU Alarm List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
BIU Change History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
BIU Alarm configuration RF1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
BIU Advanced Network Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
BIU Advanced Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
BIU Application Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
BIU Reset to Factory Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
FOI Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
FOI Opto Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
FOI Opto and Attenuator Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
FOI Fiber Network Subunits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
FOI Network Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
FOI Reset to Factory Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
FOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
RF Strip 1 XXX MHz Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
RF Strip 1 XXX MHz Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
FOR Opto Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
FOR Opto Gain and Attenuation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
FOR Fiber Network Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
ix
Table of Contents
FOR Application Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Slave FOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Naming Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Moving Remotes to Different FOI Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Replacing Master Unit Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Moving Master Unit Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Chapter 5 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Necessary tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
System Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Pre‐requisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Commissioning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Bird VPN Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
VPN Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Wireless Modem Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Modem DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Modem VPN Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Modem Port Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
BGW Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Rolling Back Modem Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Setup local Network UDP Ports for CGW Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Local Connection to Remote Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Local Connection to Remote Unit with Two FOR's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Connection to BGW from Remote Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Chapter 6 RF Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Setting up the uplink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Noise load on Radio Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Practical approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Chapter 7 Model Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
System Model Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Remote End Unit Part Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Public Safety DDR Module Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Cellular DDR Module Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Chapter 1
Introduction
The Bird fiber distributed antenna system (Fiber‐DAS) was developed from the start with fiber‐optic cable as the
distribution medium. This allows for excellent radio performance and best in class system noise figure of less than
3 dB, from the remote unit antenna port to the base station interface port.
The Bird Fiber‐DAS system is a flexible and scalable solution, meaning the system can be tailored for almost any
requirement. This flexibility provides the user the ability to adjust many of the systems parameters to fit their
specific needs.
This manual contains design, installation, and commissioning guidelines, as well as system maintenance practices. It
also contains information regarding general practices within in the industry as well.
Fiber-DAS calculator — In addition to this manual, the Fiber‐DAS calculator is an indispensable tool, this Excel
spreadsheet includes the following features, providing insight to how well the system will perform:
System Noise Figure calculator
Intermodulation performance calculator
Uplink / Downlink Balance
Dynamic headroom
RF on fiber
A fiber distributed antenna system (Fiber‐DAS) is an efficient method of transmitting radio signals over large
distances. Our Fiber‐DAS can provide as much as 30 km of fiber between the head‐end and the remote unit,
providing that the radio access technology used in the Radio Access Network (RAN) does not suffer timing issues and
that the fiber loss is within the specification.
The Fiber‐DAS uses an infra‐red light source, modulated with the combined radio signals that need to be
propagated. The fiber channel system is ultra wide‐band, ranging from 88 MHz up to 2600 MHz, thus covering most
types of radio communication systems including as FM broadcast, VHF communication radios, LTE, TETRA, GSM,
CDMA, WCDMA and many other radio access technologies.
Most land mobile radio and cellular systems use Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) which means:


Two separate fibers, one for the uplink (signals from the terminal towards the base station) and one for the
downlink (signals from the radio base station towards the terminal)
Or a single fiber and the signals must be multiplexed using different wavelengths.
Bird’s Fiber‐DAS uses wave‐length division multiplexing (WDM) as the standard configuration featuring the
following:.
Single mode fiber
Angled connectors
Up to 15 dB optical loss
Note: Separate UL/DL fibers can be used if it is necessary or desired.
The dynamic of the fiber is good enough to tolerate multi‐carrier, multi‐band and multi‐operator solutions, but they
share the available dynamics and if there is a large number of carriers the fiber attenuation needs to be considered.
Because the modulation is analog the system requires the fibers to be of single mode type. All connectors used in
Bird’s Fiber‐DAS equipment are SC‐APC type with a 7° angle. It is important that all connectors (i.e. patches)
between the Master Unit (MU) and the Remote Units (RU) be angled, otherwise reflections could result causing
problems with the quality of the signals through the system.
Introduction
Definitions
The following abbreviations, industry standard lingo and acronyms are used in this document.
BGW
BIU
BTS
DAS
DL
Downlink
Fiber
Fiber‐DAS
FOI
FOR
GSM
iDEN
LTE
MFU
ICU
QMA
RBS
RGW
RU
SC‐APC
Single mode
fiber
SMA
Switch
Base station Gateway, see "Base Station Gateway (BGW)" on page 4
Base station interface. Also known as the DIU. It is the electrical interface between the Master
Frame Unit (MFU) and the operator radio base station or another source for the radio signals,
such as a off‐air repeater. See "Base Station Interface Unit ( BIU)" on page 8
See RBS.
A distributed antenna system. Several antennas connected together in a coaxial network so that
several antennas can be fed a signal from a central location.
See “Downlink”
The signals that are transmitted from a base station towards a terminal (phone).
In this document it refers to the telecommunication fibers used to transmit modulated light as
pulses or analog variations on a glass fiber. The Bird Fiber‐DAS system should use single‐mode
fiber always.
A general name for distribution systems using radio frequency on fiber (RF on Fiber) technology.
DAS means “Distributed Antenna System” which refers to the practice of building “spreading
nets” with coaxial cables, splitters and antennas to cover larger structures.
Fiber‐optic interface. See "Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) unit" on page 15
Fiber‐optic remote interface, part of the Remote Unit connecting to the fiber.
Global System for Mobile Communications
Integrated Digital Enhanced Network
Long Term Evolution
Master Frame Unit. This is a rack that contains all the modules that builds up to the head end in
the system. This is where the radio base stations interface to the Fiber‐DAS system. This is also
where the downlink signals from the base stations are converted into laser light and sent over the
fiber‐optics to the Remote Unit (RU) and the uplink signals from the RU are converted to radio
frequency signals and transmitted to the radio base station (RBS, BTS).
Interconnect Unit, RF splitter/combiner unit, see "Interconnect Unit (ICU)" on page 13
Quick connect/disconnect type of RF Connector. Replacement for SMA RF Connectors. See SMA
Radio Base Station. The infrastructure unit normally connected to the antennas in the radio
access network (RAN) and sometimes called just Base Station or Base Transceiver Station (BTS).
Remote Gateway Unit, see "Remote Gateway (RGW) " on page 6
Remote Unit. This is the unit closest to the antenna that converts the downlink signal from the
fiber to radio frequencies and distributes it over the antenna system. In the reverse, the uplink
radio frequencies are converted to modulated laser light and transmitted back to the MFU.
The type of connector used for all Bird optical equipment. It is recommended that all connectors
between the MFU and the RU are of this type. SC‐AP can also be accepted in patch panels. All
connectors MUST BE ANGLED to avoid signal reflections that are detrimental to the signal quality.
Fibers need to be of single‐mode type.
A fiber where the light at a specified range of wavelengths only have a single path through. This is
required for analogue modulated systems such as the Bird Fiber‐DAS system
Sub‐miniature version A. A Type of RF Connector.
A network switch is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer
network.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
TETRA
UL
UMTS
Uplink
SC‐PC
SC‐UPC
RF
WCDMA
W‐CDMA
Terrestrial Trunked Radio. TETRA uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) with four user
channels on one radio carrier and 25 kHz spacing between carriers.
See “Uplink”
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is a system where broadband signaling and
packeted data are used. The standards are handled in the 3GPP group and the most common
type of modulation is WCDMA.
The signals that are transmitted from the terminal (phone) towards the base station.
A type of fiber‐optic connector which is not angled and should not be used with Bird Fiber‐DAS
Ultra‐polished fiber‐optic connector. Not recommended with Bird Fiber‐DAS
Radio Frequencies, denominates the range of transversal electromagnetic waves with a
frequency from 3 kHz to 300 GHz. The upper end of the spectrum is often referred to as
microwave frequencies.
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access is a technology employed by base station
manufacturers who make UMTS base stations. This technology is commonly used in 3G networks
and the main modulation employed in Europe.
Chapter 2
System Description
The Fiber‐DAS system typically consists of three main segments:
Gateway — The Gateway acts as a firewall ensuring internal traffic on the system remains internal and at the same
time allowing a web interface for monitoring and supervision. The gateway also handles SNMP traps.
Headend — The Headend serves as the interface with the operator’s base station, housing the units required to
transmit and receive communications between the operator’s base station and the remote units of the Fiber‐DAS
system.
Remote Units — the remote units are located near the distributed antennas and house the equipment necessary
to transmit and receive communications between the antenna and the headend.
Figure 1
Fiber-DAS System
Central
Gateway
Head End
Ethernet
Switch
Remote
Remote
Remote
Unit
Unit
Unit
Gateway
(BGW/RGW)
Master
Master
Master
Frame
Frame
Frame
Unit
Unit
Unit
Gateways
The gateways offered include the Central Gateway (CGW), Base Station Gateway (BGW) and Remote Gateway
(RGW).
For remote supervision of a Fiber‐DAS a gateway (RGW or BGW) is installed. BGWs and RGWs are typically located
with the headend equipment, the RGW is a smaller compact embedded solution while the BGW is a full featured
Linux server that can be set up in many different ways.
CGWs are used for monitoring multiple Fiber‐DAS systems, communicating with the BGWs and RGWs.
Central Gateway (CGW)
The CGW is used to provide a single remote access point and to compile alarms from multiple BGW/RGW networks.
The unit is a self‐powered Linux based server.
Base Station Gateway (BGW)
The BGW assigns IP addresses to all the modules in the Fiber‐DAS system, including the Headend and Remote Units
as well as their components.
The BGW is a self‐powered Linux based server.
Features of the BGW:
Web interface configuration
Automatic detection of modules
Automatic detection of Remote Units
Capable of handling large systems
Functions for statistics
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Northbound communication to CGW
Includes firewall to protect local net
Portal to your Master Unit
User‐provided certificate based security via HTTPS
Figure 2
Base Station Gateway
The BGW has two Ethernet ports ‐ INT and EXT.


The INT port is connected to the internal network in the headend’s Master Unit to provide the local
network for all the modules and the Remote Units. It also provides, via the built‐in switch in the Master
Unit, a way of locally configuring the network. It provides the web interface for all the settings of the
system as well as many other functions.
The EXT port is a “northbound” Ethernet port that allows the BGW to connect to the Internet, or a WAN/
MAN type of larger network. This means that the system can be monitored and managed remotely.
The BGW is the unit responsible for alarm handling and remote forward of alarms either by SMTP mail forwarding or
by SNMP traps. A MIB file for your SNMP system is available from Bird upon request as well as documentation
regarding SNMP.
If the BGW is replaced the Remote Units may not show up immediately. This is due to the lease time on the address
they have. Eventually they will request a new address and when this is done they will show up.
The BGW can also launch VPN tunnels to a remote supervision center, the CGW. The CGW makes it possible to
manage multiple systems from a single location.The CGW can handle a large number of such tunnels, providing a
central point for supervising all the installations and collecting alarms and statistics from all the systems as well as
centralized alarm management. The BGW can support a second VPN tunnel to the Bird management center
providing supervision and management assistance, if needed.
Table 1
BGW Specifications
Parameter
Input power voltage
Input power frequency
Operating temperature
Power rating, Typical
Height
Width
Depth
Weight
Value
100‐240 VAC
50 / 60 Hz
10 to 30 °C (50 to 100 °F)
< 100 W
1U
19” (48.26 cm)
14.2” (36 cm
< 11 lbs. (5 kg)
System Description
Remote Gateway (RGW)
The RGW is a small unit similar to the BGW but intended for small systems where there are only a few remotes or
where there is no headend. The RGW has a form factor that allows it to be mounted inside a repeater casing.
The RGW can be used to run up to 4 Remote Units from a single Repeater on a single Fiber. The RGW has the
capability to connect northbound to a CGW, just like the BGW, and it can also forward alarms through a VPN tunnel
to a CGW.
The memory capacity and features are reduced compared to the BGW but for a small system with a single fiber this
is an option.
In remote locations without Ethernet, the RGW can be equipped with a modem to allow remote access to the
system. Typically a 3G modem is used allowing a VPN tunnel from the RGW to a CGW, enabling supervision,
monitoring and control of the system.
Headend
The headend consists of a 19‐inch rack with modules that are selected depending on the system design. Generally all
headend Units contain:



Network switch ‐ connects communication paths between the modules
Interconnect Unit (ICU) ‐ RF splitter/combiner (rack‐mount unit or module in the MFU)
Master Frame Unit (MFU), may contain some or all of the following:
Power supply
Base Station Interface Unit (BIU)
Fiber‐Optic Interface card (FOI)
Repeater
ICU
A DHCP server built into the RGW and BGW will assign IP addresses to all the headend subunits in the rack and the
Remote Units when they are connected to the system. The configuration is automatic and creates a protected sub‐
net for the system.
DCS - Network Switch
The network switch is an AC powered, 24‐port switch with Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). The network switch
provides an Ethernet link between the MFU and the BGW. Each card slot in the MFU has a dedicated Ethernet port,
each port is connected to the network switch and the network switch is connected to the BGW.
A DC powered option is also available.
Actual network switch may be
different from the image.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Master Frame Unit (MFU)
The Master Frame Unit (MFU) houses the Power Supplies, Base Station Interface Units (BIU), Interconnection Units
(ICU), and Fiber‐Optic Interface (FOI) cards. Figure 3 shows an MFU equipped with 3 BIUs, 6 FOIs and one Power
Supply.
Figure 3
Master Frame Unit
Functional description
One MFU supports several modules, or combination of module types. The modules can be placed anywhere in the
frame. There are 16 single slot card positions in each MFU, however module widths vary (see each module’s
specifications) so the number of module that will fit in an MFU depends on the module type. One MFU can house up
to 4 power supplies, 8 ICUs, 8 wide BIUs, 16 slim BIUs, 16 FOIs, or combination of modules. See Table 2 .
Each MFU requires at least one power supply, although the power supply does not need to be housed within the
MFU. Quite often a system has more than one power supply and they are usually placed together in one MFU for
easy access. Each MFU has two power input connectors, one primary and one redundant. A redundant power supply
connected to an MFU ensures continued operation if one of the power supplies should fail.
The MFU contains two ventilation fans circulating ambient air through the units housed in the frame. These are high
quality fans with a high mean time between failure (MTBF).
Each Module in the MFU are assigned an IP addresses via DHCP leases, modules inherit the MAC address from the
backplane, this ensures that a new module inserted in the rack receives the same IP address as the one it is
replacing, without the need of manual configuration.
Table 2
MFU Specifications
Parameter
Value
Power connector
Molex, 10 Pin
Ethernet connector
RJ45
5.5 lbs (2.5 kg)
Weight (without modules)
0 to 45 °C (32 to 113 °F)
Temperature range, Operational
Width
19” (48.3 cm)
3 U, 5.25” (13.34 cm)
Height
11.8” (30 cm)
Depth
Maximum number of each type of modules supported
PSU
8, 16
BIU (DBI3xx, DBI3xxC(compact))
8, 16
FOI (DOI401, DOI30x)
ICU
System Description
Base Station Interface Unit (BIU)
The Base Station Interface Unit (BIU) is the interface between the operator’s base station and the Fiber‐DAS system.
The primary purpose of the BIU is to adjust uplink and downlink signal levels.The BIU is powered from the MFU
backplane and communicates via Ethernet with the BGW.
Figure 4
BIU Signal Flow
Master Frame Unit
FOI
Fiber-Optic
Cables
to
Remote
Units
(Antenna)
FOI
ICU
FOI
Base
Station
BIU
Interconnect Base Station
Interface
Unit
FOI
Fiber-Optic
Interface Units
The BIU has uplink and downlink RF connectors on the front panel and is available in two variants, one containing
duplex filters or one with separate uplink/downlink paths, depending on the needs for the connection to the base
station. In most cases the duplexed version with a combined DL/UL ports is used.
In addition to duplexing options, there is a single slot and a dual version of the BIU:


The DBI3xx (wide version) includes an external alarm connector (DB9) and requires two MFU slots.
The DBI3xxC (compact version) does not have an external alarm connector (DB9) , and uses only one MFU
slot.
Figure 5
Base Station Interface Unit (BIU)

DBI3xxC

DBI3xx
DL/UL BTS 1
DL/UL BTS 1
DL OUT 1
DL OUT 1
TP UL 1
TP UL 1
EXTERNAL
ALARM
UL IN 1
UL IN 1
DL/UL BTS 2
DL/UL BTS 2
DL OUT 2
DL OUT 2
TP UL 2
TP UL 2
ALM
ALM
UL IN 2
ON
ON
UL IN 2
BIU
BIU
Functional description
The BIU has four SMA ports (female type) to connect the RBS/BTS.


Duplexed versions have combined DL/UL connectors used to connect to the RBS, and there are UL test (TP)
connectors that can be used to monitor the signal out from the BIU.
Non‐duplexed (simplex) versions have the test connectors replaced by UL connectors and the normally
combined UL/DL connectors are replaced by DL only connectors.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
The BIU has four QMA ports (female type) that are normally used to connect it to an ICU.


There are two uplink (input) ports and two downlink (output, TX) ports.
These are two separate paths, the isolation between DL 1 and DL 2 ports and the isolation between the UL
1 and UL 2 ports is > 50 dB.
There are two separate RF paths in the BIU. The BIU is configured for the specific frequency band it will serve. The
two paths in the BIU cannot have different frequencies; a GSM 900 BIU will have two GSM 900 paths and cannot be
combined with an 1800 path. Separate frequencies require the use of an additional BIU.
RF patch cables are used to patch the DL and UL paths (QMA) to the ICU.
The DBI 3xx (dual slot) BIU has an alarm output port (DB9 female connector) on the BIU which can be used to
connect external alarms.
Table 3
Alarm Port Pinout
Pin
Signal (A)
Signal (B)
RS485+
Alarm out 1
RS485+
Alarm out 1
Ground
Ground
Not connected
Alarm in 2
Not connected
Alarm in 4
RS485+
RS485+
Alarm out 2
Alarm out 2
Alarm in 3
Not connected
Alarm in 1
The BIU is technology neutral and the downlink path contains settable attenuators that can be used to adjust the
signal strength to proper levels before feeding them into the ICU. In the uplink there is an amplifier followed by a
settable attenuator used to adjust the signal and the noise level into the base station uplink.
CAUTION
Overdriving the RF source input into the BIU will cause permanent equipment failure and
will void the warranty. The installer must ensure that input levels are not exceeded.
Plan for maximum power out of the RF source and attenuate accordingly with external
attenuators if needed.
All RF connections are made on the front of the BIU. The maximum recommended input power to the BIU is 30 dBm.
A high power alarm is activated at > 30 dBm and a low power alarm at < 10 dBm input power.
Input power above the recommended level can cause permanent unit failure. For high power base stations, an
attenuator should be used to ensure that the input power to the BIU can never exceed specifications.
There is a 0 dBm input version of the BIU available on request.
BIU Type
Minimum DL Input
Low Level
‐7dBm
Maximum DL Input
+7dBm
High Level
+20dBm
+33dBm
CAUTION
The UL from the FOI card is capable of damaging the UL port on the BIU.
Maximum input to the BIU UL should be no higher than +13dBm.
Use care to properly set FOI levels prior to enabling RF.
System Description
The schematic in Figure 6 shows one of the channels in the BIU. The signal detector for the downlink level alarms is
shown in the top right corner.
The UL1 and UL2 uplink test ports are 3 dB lower than the signal on the corresponding DL/UL BTS port.
Figure 6
Schematic of One BIU RF Path

 


  

 

  
 
 


Table 4 lists standard cellular BIU’s. Other configurations are available upon request as well as units without internal
duplex filtering.
Table 4 Standard Variants of the BIU
Configuration
2 x VHF
2 x TETRA 390 MHz
†
UL MHz
DL MHz
RF Input
High Level P/N Low Level P/N
136‐174
136‐174
Duplex
DBI312
DBI412
380‐385
390‐395
Duplex
DBI301
DBI401
2 x UHF
450‐470
450‐470
Duplex
DBI313
DBI413
2 x 700 MHZ ABC‐band
698‐716
728‐746
Duplex
DBI307
DBI407
2 x 700 Upper C
777‐756
746‐756
Duplex
DBI304
DBI404
2 x 700 Public Safety
799‐805
769‐775
Duplex
DBI314
DBI414
2 x SMR 800
806‐824
851‐869
Duplex
DBI303
DBI403
2 x 850 MHz
824‐849
869‐894
Duplex
DBI308
DBI408
2 x 800
832‐862
791‐821
Simplex
DBI305
DBI405
2 x GSM‐R 900
876‐880
921‐925
Duplex
DBI310
‐
2 x 900 MHz
880‐915
925‐960
Duplex
DBI309
DBI409
2 x 1800 MHz
1710‐1785
1805‐1880
Duplex
DBI318
DBI408
2 x 1900 MHz
1850‐1915
1930‐1995
Duplex
DBI319
DBI419
2 x UMTS 2100 MHz
1920‐1980
2110‐2170
Duplex
DBI320
DBI420
2 x AWS 2100 MHz
1710‐1755
2110‐2155
Duplex
DBI321
DBI421
2 x LTE 2600
2500‐2570
2620‐2690
Duplex
DBI326
DBI426
† Several options exists for 5 MHz standard bands for TETRA
10
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Table 5
RF and Electrical Performance of the BIU
Parameter
Table 6
Value
Unit
Downlink attenuation
Settable
10‐30 ± 3
Uplink Gain for modules < 1000 MHz
Settable
10 to 20 Âą 3
dB
dB
Uplink Gain for modules > 1000 MHz
Settable
‐10 to 10 ± 3
dB
IM3 performance
> 55
dB
Max input non‐destructive
> 36
dBm
High input alarm threshold level
33
dBm
Low input alarm threshold level
10
dBm
Input return loss
> 20
dB
Impedance for all RF ports
50
Ω
Isolation between ports
> 60
dB
Power consumption
< 15
Temperature range
0‐45
°C
BIU Mechanical Specifications
Parameter
Value
Base station RF ports
SMA, Female
Test ports uplink (if present)
SMA, Female
Interconnecting RF ports to ICU
QMA, Female
Alarm connector (optional)
DB9, Female
Module Width
DBI3xx
DBI3xxC(compact)
2 Slots
1 slot
BIU Indicator Operation
There are two LEDs located on the BIU front panel. One is the power LED (green), the other is the alarm LED (red).
Both LEDs indicate a number of states by different flashing sequences, see Table 7 .
In an error state the web interface should be used to check the actual condition of the BIU but the LEDs can give a
quick indication on the state of the unit. The LEDs are also useful for locating the physical unit if several BIUs are
installed in the same rack.
Table 7
Indicator Behavior
State
Booting
Booting standalone mode
Booting read of MAC address failed
Starting
Operation
Operation
Operation
Operation
11
ON LED
2 Hz
2 Hz
2 Hz
0,1 Hz 90%
0,5 Hz 10%
0,5 Hz 10%
0,5 Hz 10%
0,5 Hz 10%
ALM LED
Off
2 Hz
On
0,1 Hz 90%
Off
1 Hz 10%
2 Hz 25%
On
Note
Normal boot
Not attached to rack
Error
Kernel startup
Normal operation
Minor alarm state
Major alarm state
Critical alarm state
System Description
Figure 7
BIU Interfaces


DL/UL BTS 1
DL/UL BTS 1
DL OUT 1
DL OUT 1
TP UL 1
TP UL 1
EXTERNAL
ALARM
UL IN 1
UL IN 1
DL/UL BTS 2
DL/UL BTS 2
DL OUT 2
DL OUT 2
TP UL 2
TP UL 2
ALM
ALM
UL IN 2
ON
ON
UL IN 2
BIU
Item
DL/UL BTS 1 / 2
TP UL 1/2
DL OUT 1/2
UL IN 1/2
EXTERNAL ALARMS
ON/ALM LED
BIU
Description
Connection from the radio base station (RBS).
Test port for the uplink of the DL/UL BTS port ‐ 6 dB. The signal will be 3dBm
below the DL/UL BTS port. Port is not valid on the simplex BIU.
Simplex downlink feed to the FOI.
Simplex uplink from the FOI. The BIU will attenuate and/or amplify the signal
and then route to the DL/UL BTS port.
Used for external alarm monitoring (DBI3xx, two slot version only).
The LEDs indicate various states, see Table 7 .
12
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Interconnect Unit (ICU)
Interconnect units (ICU) are used to couple signals between the BIUs and the FOIs.
The functional purpose of the ICU is:


Downlink ‐ Split the signal from the BIU and route the balanced signals (minus insertion loss) to the FOIs.
Uplink ‐ Combine the signals from the FOIs and route the sum of the signals (minus insertion loss) to the
BIU.
The RF ports on the ICU are QMA.
Figure 8
Interconnect Unit Signal Flow
Master Frame Unit
FOI
Fiber-Optic
Cables
to
Remote
Units
(Antenna)
FOI
ICU
FOI
BIU
Base
Station
Interconnect Base Station
Interface
Unit
FOI
Fiber-Optic
Interface Units
MFU ICU
The MFU ICUs are available in several different configurations to support a variety of system configurations.
These units are inserted into the MFU and provide signal routing to and from the BIUs and FOIs.
Figure 9
13
MFU ICU
System Description
Rack-mount ICU (DIU301, DIU302)
The Rack‐mount ICU is a 1U unit that contains four fields containing splitters/combiners. Each field is capable of
splitting one input into eight outputs or combining eight inputs into one output.
Figure 10
Rack-mount ICU


Each of the 4 fields has a COMMON port and ports 1‐8.


When used as a combiner, the signals to combine are connected to input ports 1‐8, the sum of the signals
(minus insertion loss) will be output on the COMMON port.
When used as a splitter, the combined signal is input on the COMMON port and output on ports 1‐8, with
the output ports having balanced signals (minus insertion loss).
Table 8 Rack-mount ICU Specifications
Parameter
Insertion loss (nominal) ‐ DIU301
Value
37 dB
Insertion loss (nominal) ‐ DIU302
21 dB
Bandwidth ‐ DIU301
88‐2700 MHz
Bandwidth ‐ DIU302
88‐2700 MHz
Operating Temperature
‐25 to +55 C (‐13 to +131F)
Impedance
50 Ohm
IM3 performance
> 50 dB
Return loss performance
> 20 dB
Maximum common port power
20 dBm
Isolation between ports in same strip
> 15 dB
Isolation between ports in different strips
> 50 dB
QMA cable kit
A QMA cable kit (Bird part number DCC320) is available for use with the ICU. The kit contains 32 QMA to QMA cables
(see Table 9 ) that can be used to patch between the BIU to the ICU, BIU to the FOI or ICU to FOI.
Table 9 QMA Cable Kit
Length
Quantity
250 mm (9.8”)
13
350 mm (13.8”)
13
500 mm (19.7”)
14
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) unit
The FOI converts the RF signals in the downlink to fiber‐optical laser output that is transmitted on the fiber to the
remote unit. It also receives the laser light transmitted by the Remote Unit and converts it back to RF signals that are
then routed to the ICU and/or BIU.
Figure 11
FOI Signal Flow
Master Frame Unit
FOI
Fiber-Optic
Cables
to
Remote
Units
(Antenna)
FOI
BIU
ICU
FOI
Base
Station
Interconnect Base Station
Interface
Unit
FOI
Fiber-Optic
Interface Units
The FOI is powered from the MFU backplane and communicates via Ethernet with the BGW.
Figure 12
Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) Unit
WARNING
Avoid looking into connected fibers and receptacles.
The laser used in this system is a Class 3b laser that produces invisible infra‐red coherent light. Not safe to view
with optical instruments. Always put the protection caps on unused fibers and receptacles.
This interface is designed to work with SC‐APC connectors (8° angled physical connector) and single mode fibers
only. All connectors between the master unit and the remote unit must be APC, otherwise problems with reflections
will arise, which could cause severe problems in the system.
The Ethernet communication between the Headend and the Remote Units takes place on two sub‐carriers in the FOI
where the Ethernet signals are superimposed on the RF signals.
As shown in Table 10 , Bird offers two styles of FOI cards. The "DOI300 Series FOI" on page 16 and the "DOI401Series FOI"
on page 19 .
Table 10
FOI Variants
Parameter
DOI 301
Fiber Ports
Wavelength
1310 nm
DOI 302 (WDM)
1310 nm
DOI 308x
various wavelengths available
DOI401
1550 nm
15
System Description
DOI300 Series FOI
The DOI300 series supports a single fiber optic link. The fiber‐optic interface can either be a WDM (DOI302) which is
most commonly used or an optional duplex feed with separate UL and DL fibers (DOI301). Bird also offers a WDM
option (DOI380x). The WDM utilizes the duplex feed style card but the wavelength for the downlink are defined by
the "x" in the DOI380x part number. Note that the Remote Unit will need to be ordered with the correct WDM
uplink wavelength. Refer to the chart for the WDM wavelengths offered.
DOI300 Series Serving Multiple Remotes
The DOI300 Series FOI can serve up to 4 Remote Units on a single fiber run when using an optical splitter in the first
Remote Unit. When utilizing the DOI302 WDM module each Remote Unit in the series must have different optical
wavelengths in the uplink path to avoid interference.
When utilizing optical splitters, the optical loss of the splitter must be accounted for in the optical link budget. The
DOI300 series FOI has a maximum link budget of 15 dBo.
shows the allowed FOI to FOR/Remote configurations. Bird offers various splitter options for the FOR/
Remote to help account for optical losses. The standard optical splitter will have balanced outputs for each path.
Consult with Bird engineering for special applications.
Figure 13
Figure 13
FOI to Remote Unit Configurations
Daisy-Chained Remotes
Point-to-Multipoint
Point-to-Point
MT
MT
MT
edoNatleD
edoNatleD
ygolonhceT sseleriW
ygolonhceT sseleriW
TUO/NI OTPO
TUO/NI OTPO
edoNatleD
ygolonhceT sseleriW
TUO/NI OTPO
1 TUO LU
1 TUO LU
1 TUO LU
LU PT
LU PT
LU PT
SER
SER
SER
2 TUO LU
2 TUO LU
2 TUO LU
1 NI LD
1 NI LD
1 NI LD
LD PT
LD PT
LD PT
MLA
MLA
MLA
NO
NO
NO
2 NI LD
2 NI LD
2 NI LD
IOF
IOF
IOF
Hybrid Split
MT
edoNatleD
ygolonhceT sseleriW
TUO/NI OTPO
1 TUO LU
LU PT
SER
2 TUO LU
1 NI LD
LD PT
MLA
NO
2 NI LD
IOF
Functional description
The FOI has a nominal gain of 35 dB and the laser transmitter should see a maximum composite input power of
0 dBm. This means that for 0 dB attenuation in the downlink a maximum input of ‐35 dBm composite power is
recommended (when attenuators are set to 0 dBm). If the downlink attenuator is set to a higher value the maximum
recommended input is adjusted accordingly.
The output power of the laser is calibrated to 3000 ÂľW. This can be used to check the loss over fiber in the remote
because the remote reports the received optical levels. The loss may be different in the uplink compared to the
downlink because of different wavelengths on the laser.
The FOI contains several adjustable attenuators which are used to compensate for loss before the FOI (e.g. in the
ICU) and for loss on the fiber in the uplink. There are two sets of RF ports on the FOI that can be used to connect
signals from two different strips in the rack‐mount ICU, or two different MFU ICUs.
is a block diagram showing the downlink path in the FOI and how the test port is connected. There are two
attenuators that can be set in the downlink path. This allows for balancing the input signals from two different signal
sources so that they can share the dynamics of the laser properly.
Figure 14
16
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Figure 14
FOI Downlink Block Diagram
Attenuator 1
Downlink 1
Attenuator 2
Downlink 1
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
Attenuator 1
Downlink 2
Attenuator 2
Downlink 2
DETECTOR
DL IN 1
TP DL
DL IN 2
MONITOR
TX-LVL
LASER
DRIVER
DETECTOR
ETHERNET
MODEM
OPTO OUT
The RF drive levels are measured and accessible in the web interface.
TP DL is a test point measurement port for the downlink path. The RF level at TP DL will be the same as the input to
the DL ports minus the GUI attenuator settings.
TP DL = “DL IN 1" minus “Att. 1 Downlink 1" minus “Att. 2 Downlink 1".
TP DL = “DL IN 2" minus “Att. 1 Downlink 2" minus “Att. 2 Downlink 2".
Example: Input into DL is ‐25dBm with the GUI setting for “Att. 1 Downlink 1" of 10 and a GUI setting for “Att 2
Downlink 1" of 0. The test point measurement will be: ‐25dB (input) minus 10dB (attenuator #1) minus 0dB
(attenuator #2) = ‐35dBm.
Figure 15 is a block diagram showing the uplink path in the FOI and how the test port is connected. There are two
common attenuators, and two uplink attenuators that can be set in the uplink path.
Figure 15
FOI Uplink Block Diagram
CURRENT
SENSOR
RX-LVL
RX POWER 1
DETECTOR
ETHERNET
MODEM
OPTO IN
Attenuator
Uplink 1
STEP ATT
PHOTO
DETECTOR
UL OUT 1
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
TP UL
Attenuator
Common 1
Attenuator
Common 2
UL OUT 2
STEP ATT
Attenuator
Uplink 2
DETECTOR
RX POWER 2
The UL test port on the FOI is tapped before the individual uplink path attenuators. The output level of TP UL will be:
TP/UL[dB] = “Att. Uplink 1" setting ‐ 20dB
TP/UL[dB] = “Att. Uplink 2" setting ‐ 20dB
Example: If the FOI GUI setting for “Att. Uplink 1" is 0, the test port uplink path 1 signals will be 20dB lower than the
uplink signal on the “UL Out 1" port.
Example: If the FOI GUI setting for “Att. Uplink 2" is 20, the test port uplink path 2 signals will be equal to the uplink
signals on “UL Out 2" port.
17
System Description
Figure 16
DOI301/302 Interfaces


OPTO IN
OPTO IN/OUT
OPTO OUT
UL OUT 1
UL OUT 1
TP UL
TP UL
RES
RES
UL OUT 2
UL OUT 2
DL IN 1
DL IN 1
TP DL
TP DL
ON
ON
ALM
ALM
DL IN 2
DL IN 2
FOI
FOI
DOI302
With WDM
DOI301
Without WDM
Item
Description
OPTO IN/OUT
SC‐APC connection for the optical fiber.
DOI302 module with built in WDM has a single connector (combined RX/TX).
DOI301 module without WDM has two connectors, one for TX and one for RX.
UL OUT 1/2
Uplink ports (QMA) to the ICU.
DL IN 1/2
Downlink ports (QMA) to the ICU.
TP UL/DL
Test ports (QMA) used to check the signal levels or noise in the system.
The two LEDs on the unit provide FOI status as shown in Table 11 .
Table 11
FOI LED Indicators
State
ON LED
ALARM LED
Note
Booting
2 Hz
Off
Normal boot
Booting standalone mode
2 Hz
2 Hz
Not attached to rack
Booting read of MAC address failed
2 Hz
On
Error
Starting
0,1 Hz 90%
0,1 Hz 90%
Kernel startup
Operation
0,5 Hz 10%
Off
Normal operation
Operation
0,5 Hz 10%
1 Hz 10%
Minor alarm state
Operation
0,5 Hz 10%
2 Hz 25%
Major alarm state
Operation
0,5 Hz 10%
On
Critical alarm state
Table 12
DOI302 Specifications
Parameter
Value
Maximum fiber loss from MU to RU, Optical,
15 dBo
Optical output power, Calibrated
3 000 ÂľW
Maximum number of RU supported on single fiber
Input RF power recommended, Composite
‐50 to ‐35 dBm
Power consumption
< 15 W
Operational Temperature range
0 to 45 °C (32 to 133 °F)
Module Width
1 card slot
Optical connector type
SC‐APC
RF connector type
QMA Female
18
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
DOI401Series FOI
The DOI401 four port FOI is very similar to DOI302 expect that it has four WDM optical ports instead of one. This
allows the user to install dedicated fibers to each Remote Unit without having to balance optical splitter link budgets
for each remote in a group. The balanced splitter loss is accounted for in the 7 dBo link budget of the DOI401. Unlike
the DOI302, the DOI401 does not require the UL optical signals to be on different wavelengths.
Figure 17
DOI401 Interfaces

OPTO IN/OUT 1
OPTO IN/OUT 2
UL OUT 1
TP UL
OPTO IN/OUT 3
RES
UL OUT 2
DL IN 1
OPTO IN/OUT 4
TP DL
ON
DL IN 2
ALM
FOI
Item
Table 13
Description
OPTO IN/OUT
SC‐APC connections for the optical fiber.
UL OUT 1/2
Uplink ports to the ICU/BIU.
DL IN 1/2
Downlink ports to the ICU/BIU.
TP UL/DL
Test ports used to check the signal levels or noise in the system.
DOI401 Specifications
Parameter
19
Value
Maximum fiber loss from MU to RU, Optical,
7 dBo
Optical output power, Calibrated
3 000 ÂľW
Maximum number of RU supported on single fiber
Input RF power recommended, Composite
‐50 to ‐35 dBm
Power consumption
< 20 W
Operational Temperature range
0 to 45 °C (32 to 133 °F)
Module Width
2 card slot
Optical connector type
SC‐APC
RF connector type
QMA Female
System Description
PSU – the rack power supply
The Power Supply Unit provides DC power to the Master Unit backplane. The unit is shipped as 240 VAC or 115 VAC
units depending on the country. A ‐48 VDC input is offered as an option.
Figure 18
PSU
DC Power Supply
AC Power Supply
Functional description
The AC power supply can handle up to 16 cards or one chassis full of cards. The DC power supply is capable of
handling 11 cards or one full chassis that includes the DC power supply.
All connectors are on the front side of the power supply. Figure 18 shows the PSU equipped with European power
inlet.
The PSU outputs are two 10‐pin Molex connectors, these are connected to the chassis to supply power. One
connector should always be connected to the chassis holding the PSU (for driving the fans).
One chassis can hold up to 4 power supplies. Two PSU’s may be connected to a chassis to provide redundancy.
Table 14
PSU Specifications
Parameter
Value
Input power voltage, Mains
86‐264 VAC
Input power frequency, Mains
50 / 60 Hz
Operating temperature
0 to 45 °C (32 to 113 °F)
Power rating
240 W
Width
4 card slots
20
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Remote Unit (RU)
Remote units are available in a wide range of frequencies, gain and output power to cater to support a variety of
requirements. Remote units are also capable of supporting more than one frequency band in a single unit.
Chassis types
Remote units (RUs) are available in two chassis, a single compact chassis for 1‐2 bands and a dual chassis for up to 4
bands (Figure 19 ). There are multiple configurations that allow for various power level of amplifiers to be placed into
the chassis. Table 15 shows how the chassis may be configured:
Table 15
Chassis Types
Chassis type
Single chassis
Dual chassis
Low
1‐2
3‐4
Medium
1‐2
3‐4
High
It is possible to have combinations of the above. For example it is possible to build a dual chassis with 2 medium
power bands and 1 high power band in the same remote. Each side of a dual chassis is virtually identical to a single
chassis remote unit. This ensures unparalleled flexibility when building multiple operator / multiple band solutions.
A dual chassis may have 1‐2 fiber optical remote units (FOR). This allows for redundant fiber feeds, multiple‐input
and multiple‐output (MIMO) applications, and dedicated amplifiers.
Figure 19
Remote Unit Chassis Types
Single Chassis
Remote Unit
Dual Chassis
Remote Unit
All Remote Units have an excellent noise figure, contributing to an overall noise figure for the whole system from
remote to head‐end into the base station of < 3 dB for the RF link.
Both chassis comply with IP65 protection for use in any environment. The durable coating assists in convection
cooling. No fans are used for the Remote Units.
Note: The heat generated by the Remote Units when powered up is used to prevent water ingress into
units. Remote units must remain powered on when mounted outdoors.
Both wall or pole mounting kits are available for chassis mounting.
contains a list of the most common remote units that are used with the Bird Fiber‐DAS system. Variants are
available upon request.
Table 16
Table 16
Remote Comparison Table
Product code
DDR (medium power). See "DDR" on page 22 .
Pout (ETSI)†
26‐30
DDS (High power quad band). See "DDS" on page 26 .
DDH (high power). See "DDH" on page 28 .
32‐43
DDU (high power). See "DDU" on page 31 .
21
† Actual power determined by frequency band and spectrum demands.
Pout (FCC)
Bands
36
1‐4
41
1‐4
43
1‐2
46
1‐2
System Description
DDR
ETSI standard
Bird’s Distributed Radio head is a high performing wideband radio head equipped with a linear power amplifier
supporting all modulations. The light weight, convection cooled IP65 chassis secures the performance in almost any
environment.
Table 17
Table 18
Table 19
General Specifications
Noise Figure, Typical
3 dB
Delay excluding optical fiber
< 0.5 Âľs
Power Supply
Standard
Optional
85 to 264 VAC
‐32 to ‐100 VDC
Operating Temperature
‐25 to 55 °C (32 to 113 °F)
Casing
IP65
Specifications DDR100 (Single Band) & DDR200 (Dual band)
Power Consumption, max, DDR 100 (200)
90 (180) W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 5.1 x 27.6 in.
30 x 13 x 70 cm
Weight
< 26.4 lbs (12 kg)
Specifications DDR300(Triple Band) & DDR400(Quad Band)
Power Consumption, max, DDR 300 (400)
270 (360) W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 8.7 x 27.6 in.
30 x 22 x 70 cm
Weight
< 52.9 lbs (24 kg)
Cellular Products
Table 20
Available Products, ETSL
System
UL Frequency
MHz
Pout (DL)
dBm/c,
1 Carrier
DL Frequency
MHz
Pout (DL)
dBm/c,
2 Carriers
Standard
TETRA, Public Safety
380 ‐ 385
390 ‐ 395
26
23
ETSI
TETRA, Commercial
410 ‐ 415
420 ‐ 425
26
23
ETSI
TETRA, Commercial
415 ‐ 420
425 ‐ 430
26
23
ETSI
CDMA450
452.5 ‐ 457.5
462.5 ‐ 467.5
33
28
FCC
GSM‐R
876 ‐ 880
921 ‐ 925
26
23
ETSI
EGSM900
880 ‐ 915
925 ‐ 960
26
23
ETSI
GSM1800
1710 ‐ 1785
1805 ‐ 1880
28
25
ETSI
UMTS
1920 ‐ 1980
2110 ‐ 2170
30
25
3GPP
22
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
FCC/IC standard
Bird’s Distributed Radio head is a high performing wideband radio head equipped with a linear power amplifier
supporting all modulations. The light weight, convection cooled IP65 chassis secures the performance in almost any
environment.
Table 21
Table 22
Table 23
General Specifications
Noise Figure, Typical
3 dB
Delay excluding optical fiber
< 0.5 Âľs
Power Supply
Standard
Optional
85 – 264 VAC
‐32 to ‐100 VDC
Operating Temperature
‐25 to 55 °C (32 to 113 °F)
Casing
IP65
Specifications DDR100 (Single Band) & DDR200 (Dual band)
Power Consumption, max, DDR 100 (200)
90 (180) W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 5.1 x 27.6 in.
30 x 13 x 70 cm
Weight
< 26.4 lbs (12 kg)
Specifications DDR300 (Triple Band) & DDR400 (Quad Band)
Power Consumption, max, DDR 300 (400)
270 (360) W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 8.7 x 27.6 in.
30 x 22 x 70 cm
Weight
< 52.9 lbs (24 kg)
Cellular Products
Table 24
Available Products, FCC/IC
System
LTE LB
UL Frequency MHz
698 ‐ 716
DL Frequency MHz
728 ‐ 746
†
Pout, DL,
dBm (Composite)
Standard
33
FCC/IC
33
FCC/IC
LTE UB
746 ‐776†
776 – 806
iDEN
806 ‐ 824
851 ‐ 869
33
FCC/IC
Cellular
824 ‐ 849
869 ‐ 894
33
FCC/IC
PCS1900
1850 ‐ 1915
1930 ‐ 1995
33
FCC/IC
AWS
1710 ‐ 1780
2110 ‐ 2180
33
FCC/IC
IMT‐E
2500 ‐ 2570
2620 ‐ 2690
33
FCC/IC
† Sub‐bands available
Class B Industrial Booster — This equipment is a Class B Industrial Booster and is restricted to installation as
an In‐building Distributed Antenna System (DAS).
FCC RF Exposure — This equipment complies with the FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with the following minimum distances
between the radiator and your body:
LTE 700 MHz (DDR700)
204.7 cm
iDEN 800MHz (DDR850)
173.0 cm
PCS 1900MHz (DDR1900)
142.9 cm
AWS‐1 2100MHz (DDR2100)
134.9 cm
AWS‐3 2155MHz (DDRAWS3)
97.7 cm
If system will operate on multiple bands, the separation distance required shall be equal to, or greater than, the
band with the largest separation distance.
23
System Description
IC RF Exposure — Equipment operating in the Cellular band should be installed and operated with the following
minimum distance of between the radiator and your body:
LTE 700 MHz (DDR700)
269.0 cm
iDEN 800MHz (DDR850)
269.7 cm
PCS 1900MHz (DDR1900)
197.3 cm
AWS‐1 2100MHz (DDR2100)
171.4 cm
AWS‐3 2155MHz (DDRAWS3)
138.6 cm
IMT‐E 2600MHz (DDR2600)
166.1 cm
If system will operate on multiple bands, the separation distance required shall be equal to, or greater than, the
band with the largest separation distance.
The Manufacturer's rated output power of this equipment is for single carrier operation. For situations when
multiple carrier signals are present, the rating would have to be reduced by 3.5 dB, especially where the output
signal is re‐radiated and can cause interference to adjacent band users. This power reduction is to be by means of
input power or gain reduction and not by an attenuator at the output of the device.
IC RF exposition — FL'équipement fonctionnant dans la bande cellulaire doit être installé et utilisé avec la
distance minimale suivante entre le radiateur et votre corps:
LTE 700 MHz (DDR700)
269.0 cm
iDEN 800MHz (DDR850)
269.7 cm
PCS 1900MHz (DDR1900)
197.3 cm
AWS‐1 2100MHz (DDR2100)
171.4 cm
AWS‐3 2155MHz (DDRAWS3)
138.6 cm
IMT‐E 2600MHz (DDR2600)
166.1 cm
Si le système fonctionne sur plusieurs bandes, la distance de sÊparation requise est Êgale ou supÊrieure à la bande
avec la plus grande distance de sĂŠparation.
Nominale de puissance de sortie du fabricant de cet ĂŠquipement est pour un fonctionnement Ă  une seule porteuse.
Pour des situations oĂš les signaux porteurs multiples sont prĂŠsents, la cote devrait ĂŞtre rĂŠduite de 3,5 dB, en
particulier lorsque le signal de sortie est re‐rayonnée et peut provoquer des interférences avec les utilisateurs de
bandes adjacentes. Cette rĂŠduction de puissance est effectuĂŠe au moyen d'une puissance d'entrĂŠe ou la rĂŠduction
de gain, et non par un attĂŠnuateur Ă  la sortie du dispositif.
Public Safety Products
Table 25
System
Available Products, FCC/IC
UL Frequency DL Frequency
MHz
MHz
Pout, DL,
dBm
(Composite)
Nominal Bandwidth
MHz
Nominal
Passband
Gain
dB
Input/ Output
Impedance
Ohms
Standard
VHF
138‐174
138‐174
33
24(FCC); 36 (IC)†
70
50
FCC/IC
UHF
450‐512
450‐512
33
62††
70
50
FCC/IC
700
793‐805
763‐775
33
12
70
50
FCC/IC
800
806‐824
851‐869
33
18
70
50
FCC/IC
† 2MHz with required external duplexers
††3MHz tor 1.5 MHz with required external duplexers
Class B Industrial Booster — This equipment is a Class B Industrial Booster and is restricted to installation as
an In‐building Distributed Antenna System (DAS).
FCC RF Exposure — This equipment complies with the FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with the following minimum distances
between the radiator and your body.
VHF public safety band
69.1 cm ‐ This distance must be maintained when a 10.5dBi antenna is used.
UHF public safety band
20.0 cm
700MHz public safety band
36.2 cm ‐ This distance must be maintained when a 5.5dBi antenna is used.
800MHz public safety band
20.0 cm
24
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
If system will operate on multiple bands, the separation distance required shall be equal to, or greater than, the
band with the largest separation distance.
IC RF Exposure — Equipment operating in the public safety band should be installed and operated with the
following minimum distance of between the radiator and your body:
VHF public safety band (DDR‐V)
261.5 cm ‐ This distance must be maintained when a 10.5dBi antenna is used.
UHF public safety band (DDR‐U)
224.0 cm
700MHz public safety band (DDR‐F)
187.0 cm ‐ This distance must be maintained when a 5.5dBi antenna is used.
800MHz public safety band (DDR‐S)
181.0 cm
If system will operate on multiple bands, the separation distance required shall be equal to, or greater than, the
band with the largest separation distance.
The Manufacturer's rated output power of this equipment is for single carrier operation. For situations when
multiple carrier signals are present, the rating would have to be reduced by 3.5 dB, especially where the output
signal is re‐radiated and can cause interference to adjacent band users. This power reduction is to be by means of
input power or gain reduction and not by an attenuator at the output of the device.
IC RF exposition — L'équipement fonctionnant dans la bande de sécurité publique doit être installé et utilisé
avec la distance minimale suivante entre le radiateur et votre corps:
VHF bande de sécurité publique (DDR‐V)
261.5 cm ‐ Sa distance doit être maintenue lorsqu'une antenne de 10,5 dBi est utilisée.
UHF bande de sécurité publique (DDR‐U)
224.0 cm
700MHz bande de sécurité publique (DDR‐F)
187.0 cm ‐ Sa distance doit être maintenue lorsqu'une antenne de 10,5 dBi est utilisée.
800MHz bande de sécurité publique (DDR‐S)
181.0 cm
Si le système fonctionne sur plusieurs bandes, la distance de sÊparation requise est Êgale ou supÊrieure à la bande
avec la plus grande distance de sĂŠparation.
Nominale de puissance de sortie du fabricant de cet ĂŠquipement est pour un fonctionnement Ă  une seule porteuse.
Pour des situations oĂš les signaux porteurs multiples sont prĂŠsents, la cote devrait ĂŞtre rĂŠduite de 3,5 dB, en
particulier lorsque le signal de sortie est re‐rayonnée et peut provoquer des interférences avec les utilisateurs de
bandes adjacentes. Cette rĂŠduction de puissance est effectuĂŠe au moyen d'une puissance d'entrĂŠe ou la rĂŠduction
de gain, et non par un attĂŠnuateur Ă  la sortie du dispositif.
25
System Description
DDS
Bird's DDS series distributed high power radio head is a high performing wideband radio head equipped with a Pre
Distortion power amplifier that supports all modulations. The light weight, convection cooled IP65 chassis secures
the performance in almost any environment.
FCC/IC Standard
Table 26
Table 27
Table 28
General Specifications
Noise Figure, Typical
3 dB
Delay excluding optical fiber
< 0.5 Âľs
Instantaneous Band Width, Max
15 MHz
Power Supply
Standard
Optional
85 – 264 VAC
‐32 to ‐100 VDC
Operating Temperature
‐25 to 55 °C (32 to 113 °F)
Casing
IP65
Specifications DDS100 (Single Band) & DDS200 (Dual band)
Power Consumption, max, DDS100 (200)
90 (180) W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 5.1 x 27.6 in.
30 x 13 x 70 cm
Weight
< 26.4 lbs (12 kg)
Specifications DDS300 (Triple Band) & DDS400(Quad Band)
Power Consumption, max, DDS300 (400)
270 (360) W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 8.7 x 27.6 in.
30 x 22 x 70 cm
Weight
< 52.9 lbs (24 kg)
Cellular Products
Table 29
Available Products, FCC/IC
System
UL Frequency MHz
DL Frequency MHz
728 ‐ 746
Downlink Power RMS
41
Standard
LTE LB
698 ‐ 716
LTE UB
746 ‐776†
FCC/IC
776 – 806†
41
FCC/IC
850
824 ‐ 849
869 ‐ 894
41
FCC/IC
PCS1900
1850 ‐ 1915
1930 ‐ 1995
41
FCC/IC
AWS
1710 ‐ 1755
2110 ‐ 2155
41
FCC/IC
† Sub‐bands available
Class B Industrial Booster — This equipment is a Class B Industrial Booster and is restricted to installation as
an In‐building Distributed Antenna System (DAS).
FCC RF Exposure — This equipment complies with the FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with the following minimum distances
between the radiator and your body:
LTE 700 MHz
349 cm
850MHz
323 cm
PCS 1900MHz
246 cm
AWS 2100MHz
246 cm
If system will operate on multiple bands, the separation distance required shall be equal to, or greater than, the
band with the largest separation distance.
26
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
IC RF Exposure — Equipment operating in the Cellular band should be installed and operated with the following
minimum distance of between the radiator and your body:
LTE 700 MHz
501 cm
850MHz
475 cm
PCS 1900MHz
362 cm
AWS 2100MHz
351 cm
If system will operate on multiple bands, the separation distance required shall be equal to, or greater than, the
band with the largest separation distance.
The Manufacturer's rated output power of this equipment is for single carrier operation. For situations when
multiple carrier signals are present, the rating would have to be reduced by 3.5 dB, especially where the output
signal is re‐radiated and can cause interference to adjacent band users. This power reduction is to be by means of
input power or gain reduction and not by an attenuator at the output of the device.
IC RF exposition — FL'équipement fonctionnant dans la bande cellulaire doit être installé et utilisé avec la
distance minimale suivante entre le radiateur et votre corps:
LTE 700 MHz
501 cm
850MHz
475 cm
PCS 1900MHz
362 cm
AWS 2100MHz
351 cm
Si le système fonctionne sur plusieurs bandes, la distance de sÊparation requise est Êgale ou supÊrieure à la bande
avec la plus grande distance de sĂŠparation.
Nominale de puissance de sortie du fabricant de cet ĂŠquipement est pour un fonctionnement Ă  une seule porteuse.
Pour des situations oĂš les signaux porteurs multiples sont prĂŠsents, la cote devrait ĂŞtre rĂŠduite de 3,5 dB, en
particulier lorsque le signal de sortie est re‐rayonnée et peut provoquer des interférences avec les utilisateurs de
bandes adjacentes. Cette rĂŠduction de puissance est effectuĂŠe au moyen d'une puissance d'entrĂŠe ou la rĂŠduction
de gain, et non par un attĂŠnuateur Ă  la sortie du dispositif.
27
System Description
DDH
Bird's Distributed High power radio head is a high performing wideband radio head equipped with a feed forward
multi carrier power amplifier that supports all modulations. The light weight, convection cooled IP65 chassis secures
the performance in almost any environment.
ETSI standard
Table 30
Table 31
Table 32
General Specifications
Noise Figure, Typical
3 dB
Delay excluding optical fiber
< 0.5 Âľs
Power Supply
Standard
Optional
85 – 264 VAC
‐32 to ‐100 VDC
Operating Temperature
‐25 to 55 °C (32 to 113 °F)
Casing
IP65
Specifications DDH100 (Single Band)
Power Consumption, max, DDH100
210 W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 5.1 x 27.6 in.
30 x 13 x 70 cm
Weight
< 30.8 lbs (14 kg)
Specifications DDH200 (Dual Band)
Power Consumption, max, DDS200
420 W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 8.7 x 27.6 in.
30 x 22 x 70 cm
Weight
< 61.7 lbs (28 kg)
Cellular Products
Table 33
Available Products, ETSI
Number of carriers
SYSTEM
Composite
Power
Power per
carrier
Composite
Power
Power per
carrier
Composite
Power
Power per
carrier
TETRA
32
29
33
27
CDMA450
32
29
33
27
GSM‐R
37
34
40
34
DD 800
37
34
33
27
EGSM900
40
34
40
34
40
31
GSM1800
40
37
40
34
40
31
UMTS
43
40
43
37
43
34
2600
43
40
43
37
43
34
28
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
FCC standards
Table 34
Table 35
Table 36
General Specifications
Noise Figure, Typical
3 dB
Delay excluding optical fiber
< 0.5 Âľs
Instantaneous Band Width, Max
15 MHz
Power Supply
Standard
Optional
85 – 264 VAC
‐32 to ‐100 VDC
Operating Temperature
‐25 to 55 °C (32 to 113 °F)
Casing
IP65
Specifications DDH100 (Single Band)
Power Consumption, max, DDH100
210 W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 5.1 x 27.6 in.
30 x 13 x 70 cm
Weight
< 30.8 lbs (14 kg)
Specifications DDH200 (Dual Band)
Power Consumption, max, DDS200
420 W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 8.7 x 27.6 in.
30 x 22 x 70 cm
Weight
< 61.7 lbs (28 kg)
Cellular Products
Table 37
Available Products, FCC/IC
System
UL Frequency MHz
LTE LB
698 ‐ 716
LTE UB
†
746 ‐776
Pout, DL,
dBm (RMS)
DL Frequency MHz
Standard
728 ‐ 746
43
FCC/IC
776 – 806†
43
FCC/IC
iDEN
806 ‐ 824
851 ‐ 869
40
FCC/IC
Cellular
824 ‐ 849
869 ‐ 894
43
FCC/IC
PCS1900
1850 ‐ 1915
1930 ‐ 1995
43
FCC/IC
AWS
1710 ‐ 1780
2110 ‐ 2180
43
FCC/IC
2600 LTE
2620 ‐ 2690
2500 ‐ 2570
43
FCC/IC
† Sub‐bands available
Note: All specifications subject to change without notice.
Class B Industrial Booster — This equipment is a Class B Industrial Booster and is restricted to installation as
an In‐building Distributed Antenna System (DAS).
Note: RF exposure distances are calculated using a 17 dBi antenna
FCC RF Exposure — This equipment complies with the FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with the following minimum distances
between the radiator and your body:
2600 LTE (DDH 2600)
309 cm
AWS3 (DDHAWS3)
309 cm
If system will operate on multiple bands, the separation distance required shall be equal to, or greater than, the
band with the largest separation distance.
29
System Description
IC RF Exposure — Equipment operating in the Cellular band should be installed and operated with the following
minimum distance of between the radiator and your body:
2600 LTE (DDH 2600)
410.1 cm
AWS3 (DDHAWS3)
438.4 cm
If system will operate on multiple bands, the separation distance required shall be equal to, or greater than, the
band with the largest separation distance.
The Manufacturer's rated output power of this equipment is for single carrier operation. For situations when
multiple carrier signals are present, the rating would have to be reduced by 3.5 dB, especially where the output
signal is re‐radiated and can cause interference to adjacent band users. This power reduction is to be by means of
input power or gain reduction and not by an attenuator at the output of the device.
IC RF exposition — FL'équipement fonctionnant dans la bande cellulaire doit être installé et utilisé avec la
distance minimale suivante entre le radiateur et votre corps:
2600 LTE (DDH 2600)
410.1 cm
AWS3 (DDHAWS3)
438.4 cm
Si le système fonctionne sur plusieurs bandes, la distance de sÊparation requise est Êgale ou supÊrieure à la bande
avec la plus grande distance de sĂŠparation.
Nominale de puissance de sortie du fabricant de cet ĂŠquipement est pour un fonctionnement Ă  une seule porteuse.
Pour des situations oĂš les signaux porteurs multiples sont prĂŠsents, la cote devrait ĂŞtre rĂŠduite de 3,5 dB, en
particulier lorsque le signal de sortie est re‐rayonnée et peut provoquer des interférences avec les utilisateurs de
bandes adjacentes. Cette rĂŠduction de puissance est effectuĂŠe au moyen d'une puissance d'entrĂŠe ou la rĂŠduction
de gain, et non par un attĂŠnuateur Ă  la sortie du dispositif.
30
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
DDU
Bird's Distributed High power radio head is a high performing wideband radio head equipped with a feed forward
multi carrier power amplifier that supports all modulations. The light weight, convection cooled IP65 chassis secures
the performance in almost any environment.
FCC standards
Table 38
Table 39
Table 40
General Specifications
Noise Figure, Typical
3 dB
Delay excluding optical fiber
< 0.5 Âľs
Instantaneous Band Width, Max
15 MHz
Power Supply
Standard
Optional
85 – 264 VAC
‐32 to ‐100 VDC
Operating Temperature
‐25 to 55 °C (32 to 113 °F)
Casing
IP65
Specifications DDU100 (Single Band)
Power Consumption, max, typical
225 W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 5.1 x 27.6 in.
30 x 13 x 70 cm
Weight
31 lbs (14 kg)
Specifications DDU200 (Dual Band)
Power Consumption, max, typical
450 W
Dimensions, W x D x H
11.8 x 8.7 x 27.6 in.
30 x 22 x 70 cm
Weight
62 lbs (28 kg)
Cellular Products
Table 41
Available Products, FCC/IC
System
UL Frequency MHz
Pout, DL,
dBm (RMS)
DL Frequency MHz
Standard
LTE LB
698 ‐ 716
728 ‐ 746
46
FCC/IC
LTE UB
777 ‐ 787
746 ‐ 756
46
FCC/IC
LTE FB
690 ‐ 716/777 ‐ 787
728 ‐ 756
46
FCC/IC
Cellular
824 ‐ 849
869 ‐ 894
46
FCC/IC
PCS1900
1850 ‐ 1915
1930 ‐ 1995
46
FCC/IC
AWS
1710 ‐ 1780
2110 ‐ 2180
46
FCC/IC
Note: All specifications subject to change without notice.
Class B Industrial Booster — This equipment is a Class B Industrial Booster and is restricted to installation as
an In‐building Distributed Antenna System (DAS).
31
System Description
Remote Unit Frequency Summary
Table 42
ETSI Bands
Band
3GPP Band
UL Frequency
DDR Max
Composite
DL Frequency
DDH Max
Composite
TETRA, Public Safety
380‐385
390‐395
26
33
TETRA, Commercial
410‐415
420‐425
26
33
40
415‐420
425‐430
26
CDMA 450
TETRA, Commercial
Band 31
452.5‐457.5
462.5‐467.5
33
40
DD800
Band 20
832‐862
791‐821
26
40
40
E‐GSM 900
Band 8
880‐915
925‐960
26
GSM 1800
Band 3
1710‐1785
1805‐1880
28
40
UMTS
Band 1
1920‐1980
2110‐2170
30
43
LTE 2600
Band 7
2500‐2570
2620‐2690
30
43
Table 43
FCC/IC Bands
Band
3GPP Band
UL Frequency
DL
Frequency
DDS Max
Composite
(15MHz)
DDR Max
Composite
DDH Max
Composite
DDU Max
Composite
VHF
136‐174
136‐174
33
N/A
N/A
N/A
UHF
450‐470
450‐470
33
N/A
N/A
N/A
700 Lower
Band 12
698‐716
728‐746
33
N/A
43
46
700 Upper
Band 13 & 14
776‐806
746‐756
33
N/A
43
46
Band 12, 13 & 14
698‐716
776‐806
728‐756
33
41
43
46
769‐775
799‐805
33
‐
‐
N/A
800 iDEN
Band 27
806‐824
851‐869
33
41
40
N/A
850 Cellular
Band 5
824‐849
869‐894
33
41
43
46
700 Combined
700 Public Safety
1900 PCS
Band 25
1850‐1915
1930‐1995
33
41
43
46
AWS
Band 4
1710‐1755
2110‐2155
33
41
43
46
2600 LTE
Band 7
2500‐2570
2620‐2690
33
N/A
43
N/A
32
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
DMU – Remote head end
Bird's DMU100 series is a compact head end that can function as a low power repeater or BTS interface. The unit can
directly support up to 4 remotes or can fiber feed a Headend Master Unit. Remote access is provided by either the
Bird RGW or via Ethernet connection. The unit is a rugged convection cooled, IP65 chassis designed for outdoor
locations.
It is possible to build the DMU to support more than one band, however, the types of bands and the necessary
duplexers for a configuration must be verified to ensure compatibility with the RGW.
Figure 20
DMU – Remote Head End
In Figure 21, the DMU is used to pick up the signal at a remote location and then it is transmitted on the fiber to
four different locations that need coverage. The RU can be connected to coaxial spreading networks if needed.
Figure 21
DMU Feeding Remote Units



 
In Figure 22, the DMU is feeding a Headend Master Unit which in turn feeds the Remote Units (RU). This is a far
more flexible solution and would be preferred when possible.
Figure 22
DMU Feeding BMU
Fiber-Optic Cable
Head
end
The DMU is equipped with a low power uplink amplifier. The unit should be used in a location that has adequate
signal so that power level of a mobile phone will suffice.
33
System Description
Repeaters
Bird Technologies offers a wide variety of repeaters to boost off air signals. The repeated signals can feed passive
DAS or can be used as an input into the active DAS.
DMR 400 Series Rack Mount Repeater
The DMR 400 is designed to fit in the Headend Master Frame along with the BIU and FOI cards. The system was
originally designed to be used in moving coverage areas such as ships and trains that require active control over the
downlink gain (link symmetry) to compensate for wide variations in the off‐air signals, but the system can easily be
implemented in traditional fixed locations such as offices and hospitals.
Figure 23
DMR 400 Rack Mount Repeater
Although the DMR repeaters are rack mounted with the active DAS components, the DMR repeater can function as
a stand alone unit to provide coverage to a passive DAS.
The DMR repeater family offers link symmetry settings. This function is used to automatically adjust the uplink gain
based on the downlink signal. When installed in moving coverage areas such as trains, the feature prevents the
repeater from desensitizing the donor site by automatically controlling uplink levels.
The DMR repeater also offers self‐oscillation protection. This function is used to detect problems with isolation
between the donor and service antenna. The repeater will intervene and lower the gain to a level equal to the
isolation minus the stability margin. The settings are separate for UL and DL.




On/Off
Stability margin: Value setting of how much lower the gain should be than the calculated isolation. Range of
0.0 to 20.0dBm.
Recovery time: Time that should pass before the repeater reset the gain to the value specified level in “RF
Config” (set gain). Range of 30 to 86,400 seconds.
Recovery margin: Set value of gain level above the gain specified in “RF Config” (set gain) that is used when
the repeater recovers after the “Recovery Time”. Range of 0.0 to 20.0dBm.
The DMR400 offers variable bandwidths up to 35Mhz, depending on the configuration.
Remote access can be provided via an Ethernet connection or through the Bird Remote Gateway. SNMP is a
standard on the units. No proprietary software is required. Operational parameters are set via a web browser.
34
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Table 44
Table 45
DMR400 Specifications
Gain
50‐80 dBm in 1 dB steps
Noise Figure ‐ Typical
< 5 dB
Delay
<6 s
Dimensions
2 card slots
Weight (module)
0.7 kg (1.5 lbs)
Operating Temperature
‐25 to 55 °C (13 to 131 °F)
Available Products, Cellular, FCC
Band
DMR407
iDEN
Uplink
Downlink
806‐824
851‐869
Pout, DL & UL
Standard
28dBm
FCC
FCC
DMR408
Cellular
824‐849
869‐894
28dBm
DMR419
PCS1900
1850‐1915
1930‐1995
28dBm
FCC
DMR420
AWS
1710‐1755
2110‐2155
28dBm
FCC
Table 46
Available Products, Cellular, ETSI
Band
DMR401
Uplink
Downlink
Pout, DL & UL
Standard
TETRA, Public Safety 380‐385
390‐395
20dBm
ETSI
DMR402
TETRA, Commercial
410‐415
420‐425
20dBm
ETSI
DMR403
TETRA, Commercial
415‐420
425‐430
20dBm
ETSI
DMR404
CDMA450
453‐457.5
463‐467.5
25dBm
FCC
DMR406
GSM‐R
876‐880
921‐960
25dBm
ETSI
DMR409
EGSM900
880‐915
925‐960
19dBm
ETSI
DMR418
GSM1800
1710‐1785
1805‐1880
21dBm
ETSI
DMR421
UMTS 2100
1920‐1980
2110‐2170
23(DL)/20(UL)
3GPP
35
System Description
DLR 600 Series Low Power Repeater
The DLR 600 low power repeater is designed for environments where low signal levels are required. Although small,
the unit still offers Bird’s feature rich functions such as self‐oscillation protection, fast AGC, link symmetry
functionality, SNMP and remote access via Ethernet or the Bird Remote Gateway.
Figure 24
Table 47
Table 48
DLR 600 Low Power Repeater
DLR600 Specifications
Gain
40‐70 dBm in 1 dB steps
Noise Figure
<5 dB
Delay
<6 s
Power Supply
Standard
optional
100 to 240 VAC
12 to 28 VDC
Dimension (W x D x H)
30 x 5 x 21 cm (11.8x2x8.3 inches)
Weight
<1.4 Kg (3.1 lbs)
Operating Temp (DC)
‐25 to 55 °C (13 to 131 °F)
Operating Temp (AC)
0 to +40 °C (+32 to +104 °F)
Casing
IP42
Bandwidth
0‐15 MHz
Connectors
SMA or N‐type
Available Products, Cellular, FCC
Band
Uplink
Downlink
Pout, DL & UL
Standard
DLR607
iDEN
806‐824
851‐869
16dBm
FCC
DLR608
Cellular
824‐849
869‐894
16dBm
FCC
DLR619
PCS1900
1850‐1915
1930‐1995
16dBm
FCC
DLR620
AWS
1710‐1755
2110‐2155
16dBm
FCC
Table 49
Available Products, Cellular, ETSI
Band
DLR609
Uplink
EGSM900
880‐915
DLR618
GSM1800
DLR621
UMTS 2100
Downlink
Pout, DL & UL
Standard
925‐960
13dBm
ETSI
1710‐1785
1805‐1880
23dBm
ETSI
1920‐1980
2110‐2170
15dBm
3GPP
36
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
DMR600 Series Medium Power Repeater
The DMR 600 is a medium power repeater with band selective capabilities. Although small, the unit still offers
Bird's feature rich functions such as self‐oscillation protection, fast AGC, link symmetry functionality, SNMP and
remote access via Ethernet or the Bird Remote Gateway
Figure 25
Table 50
Table 51
DMR 600 Low Power Repeater
DMR600 Specifications
Gain
50‐80 dBm in 1 dB steps
Noise Figure
<5 dB
Delay
<6 s
Power Supply
Standard
optional
100 to 240 VAC
12 to 30 VDC
Dimension (W x D x H)
30 x 5 x 21 cm (11.8x2x8.3 inches)
Weight
<1.4 Kg (3.1 lbs)
Operating Temp (DC)
‐25 to 55 °C (13 to 131 °F)
Operating Temp (AC)
0 to +40 °C (+32 to +104 °F)
Casing
IP42
Bandwidth
35 MHz
Connectors
SMA or N‐type
Available Products, Cellular, FCC
Band
Uplink
Downlink
Pout, DL & UL
Standard
DMR607
iDEN
806‐824
851‐869
16dBm
FCC
DMR608
Cellular
824‐849
869‐894
16dBm
FCC
DMR619
PCS1900
1850‐1915
1930‐1995
16dBm
FCC
DMR620
AWS
1710‐1755
2110‐2155
16dBm
FCC
Table 52
Available Products, Cellular, ETSI
Band
Uplink
DMR604
CDM450
453‐457.5
Downlink
463‐467.5
Pout, DL & UL
Standard
25dBm
FCC
ETSI
DMR606
GSM‐R
876‐880
921‐925
19dBm
DMR609
EGSM900
880‐915
925‐960
19dBm
ETSI
DMR618
GSM1800
1710‐1785
1805‐1880
29dBm
ETSI
DMR621
UMTS 2100
1920‐1980
2110‐2170
23 (DL)/20(UL)
3GPP
37
System Description
DHR 800 Series High Power Repeater
The DHR 800 offers a high power solution in a light weight, convection cooled IP65 chassis. The unit offers Bird's
feature rich functions such as self‐oscillation protection, fast AGC, link symmetry functionality, SNMP and remote
access via Ethernet or the Bird Remote Gateway all in a rugged IP65 chassis.
Figure 26
DHR 800 Series High Power Repeater
The DHR repeater family offers link symmetry settings. This function is used to automatically adjust the uplink gain
based on the downlink signal. When installed in moving coverage areas such as trains, the feature prevents the
repeater from desensitizing the donor site by automatically controlling uplink levels.
The DHR repeater also offers self‐oscillation protection. This function is used to detect problems with isolation
between the donor and service antenna. The repeater will intervene and lower the gain to a level equal to the
isolation minus the stability margin. The settings are separate for UL and DL.




On/Off
Stability margin: Value setting of how much lower the gain should be than the calculated isolation. Range of
0.0 to 20.0dBm.
Recovery time: Time that should pass before the repeater reset the gain to the value specified level in “RF
Config” (set gain). Range of 30 to 86,400 seconds.
Recovery margin: Set value of gain level above the gain specified in “RF Config” (set gain) that is used when
the repeater recovers after the “Recovery Time”. Range of 0.0 to 20.0dBm.
Table 53
DHR800 Specifications
Gain
50‐88 dBm in 1 dB steps
Noise Figure
<5 dB
Delay
<6 s
Power Supply
85 to 264 VAC
Power Consumption
<130 W
Dimension (WxDxH)
30 x 13 x 70 cm (11.8 x 5.1 x 27.6 inches)
Weight
<12 kg (26.4 lbs)
Operating Temp
‐25 to 55 °C (13 to 131 °F)
Casing
IP65
Bandwidth
35 MHz
Connectors
N‐type or DIN 7/16
38
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Table 54
Available Products, Cellular, FCC
Band
Uplink
Downlink
Pout, DL & UL
Standard
DHR807
iDEN
806‐824
851‐869
33(DL)/25(UL)
FCC
DHR808
Cellular
824‐849
869‐894
33(DL)/25(UL)
FCC
DHR819
PCS1900
1850‐1915
1930‐1995
33(DL)/25(UL)
FCC
DHR820
AWS
1710‐1755
2110‐2155
33(DL)/25(UL)
FCC
Table 55
Available Products, Cellular, ETSI
Band
DHR801
Uplink
TETRA, Public Safety 380‐385
Downlink
390‐395
Pout, DL & UL
26(DL)/20(UL)
Standard
ETSI
DHR802
TETRA, Commercial
410‐415
420‐425
26(DL)/20(UL)
ETSI
DHR803
TETRA, Commercial
415‐420
425‐430
26(DL)/20(UL)
ETSI
DHR804
CDMA450
453‐457.5
463‐467.5
33(DL)/25(UL)
FCC
DHR806
GSM‐R
876‐880
921‐960
26(DL)/19(UL)
ETSI
ETSI
DHR809
EGSM900
880‐915
925‐960
26(DL)/19(UL)
DHR818
GSM1800
1710‐1785
1805‐1880
28(DL)/21(UL)
ETSI
DHR821
UMTS 2100
1920‐1980
2110‐2170
30(DL)/21(UL)
3GPP
Bird Repeater Frequency Summary
Table 56
ETSI Bands
DL Frequency
UL Frequency
DMR
400
DLR
600
DMR
600
DHR
800
TETRA Public Safety
390‐395
380‐385


TETRA, Commercial
420‐425
410‐415


TETRA, Commercial
425‐430
415‐420


CDMA 450
463‐467.5
453‐457.5



GSM‐R
921‐925
876‐880



EGSM900
925‐960
880‐915
GSM 1800
1805‐1880
1710‐1785
UMTS
2110‐2170
1920‐1980












DMR
400
DLR
600
DMR
600
DHR
800
















Table 57
FCC Bands
DL Frequency
Public Safety 800
851‐869
UL Frequency
806‐824
Cellular 850
869‐894
824‐849
PCS 1900
1930‐1995
1850‐1915
AWS
2110‐2155
1710‐1755
39
Chapter 3
Installation guidelines
WARNING
This is NOT a consumer device.
It is designed for installation by FCC LICENSEES and QUALIFIED INSTALLERS. You MUST have an FCC LICENSE or
express consent of an FCC licensee to operate this device. You MUST register Class B signal boosters (as defined in
47 CFR 90.219) online at www.fcc.gov/signal‐boosters/registration. Unauthorized use may result in
significant forfeiture penalties, including penalties in excess of $100,000 for each continuing violation.
For CMRS 817‐824MHz Applications and American Cellular Applications:
WARNING
This is NOT a consumer device.
It is designed for installation by FCC LICENSEES and QUALIFIED INSTALLERS. You MUST have an FCC LICENSE or
express consent of an FCC licensee to operate this device. Unauthorized use may result in significant forfeiture
penalties, including penalties in excess of $100,000 for each continuing violation.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This
device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
For installations subject to Industry Canada certification:
WARNING
This is NOT a consumer device.
It is designed for installation by an installer approved by an ISED licensee.
You MUST have an ISED LICENCE or the express consent of an ISED licensee to operate this device.
Health and Safety
Bird DAS system is an advanced system and should be handled by skilled staff. Bird is happy to offer training of
installation service providers in the case this is necessary.
Read all available documentation and warnings before handling the equipment. Equipment failures due to improper
handling are normally not covered by the product warranty.
Respect all warning signs on the equipment and in the documentation. Make sure to only operate the equipment on
frequencies allowed to use. Do not modify the equipment.
WARNING
Avoid looking into connected fibers and receptacles.
The laser used in this system is a Class 3b laser that produces invisible infra‐red coherent light. Not safe to view
with optical instruments. Always put the protection caps on unused fibers and receptacles.
The equipment contains a Class 3B laser and the equipment is Class 1. Do never look into the Laser beam directly or
indirectly, it is strong invisible light and may cause serious damage to human eyes.
Always use protective caps on fiber and connector ends when fiber is removed from socket. Always clean socket and
connector after a fiber has been removed before it is reconnected.
Make sure to keep passwords and other operational information away from unauthorized personnel.
40
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Cable Routing/Antenna Selection
Ensure all cables, e.g. power cable, fiber‐optic cable, Antenna cables are routed and secured in accordance with
local/national requirements while avoiding damage to the cables.
Antennas and coax cables are selected as part of the DAS system design and may vary with location, frequency, and
power level requirements.
Use only authorized and approved antennas, cables and/or coupling devices. The use of unapproved antennas,
cables or coupling devices could cause damage and may be of violation of FCC regulations.
Each individual antenna used with the DAS must be installed to provide the separation distance as specified in the
RF exposure requirements (refer to specific Remote Unit RF Exposure limits in the system description section).
CAUTION
Unauthorized antennas, cables, and/or coupling devices may cause non‐conformity with national or international
regulations, could cause damage, or non‐conforming ERP/EIRP.
Antenna Installation
The Bird Fiber DAS systems do not include remote or head end antenna. The remote end antenna must be selected
during system design, the antenna manufacturer’s data will be required when calculating link budgets.
Antenna installation instructions are provided by the antenna manufacturer.
External donor antennas that are most commonly used in combination with DDR or DDH Remote Unit family for
outdoor environment are 17 dBi gain antennas.
Safety and Care for Fibers
WARNING
Avoid looking into connected fibers and receptacles.
The laser used in this system is a Class 3b laser that produces invisible infra‐red coherent light. Not safe to view
with optical instruments. Always put the protection caps on unused fibers and receptacles.
Every time a fiber is disconnected and re‐connected care should be taken to avoid getting dust on the connector or
in the receptacle. Clean with a dry fiber cleaning tool before reconnecting the fiber at all times. A single speck of
dust can severely impact the transmission. Do not touch the fiber ends with your fingers. That will leave grease on
the connectors and may cause severe problems.
41
Installation guidelines
Tools and Material Requirements
Fiber Optics
All fiber optic cables, including patch cords, must be SINGLE MODE. Multi‐mode fiber is not supported.
Bird equipment is designed to be used with only SC/APC fiber connectors. All connection points in the fiber must
either be fusion spliced or equipped with APC connectors. UPC connectors anywhere in the fiber path will cause
degradation in the performance of the equipment. APC connectors can be identified by their green jacket.


Total optical loss must be < 15dBo.
Optical return loss ‐60 dB or greater.
Fiber panel inserts/couplings must be APC.
Tools











Fiber Optic cleaner for SC/APC connectors
T8 Torx bit for card cage modules
Appropriate bit for rack screws
Spectrum analyzer with RF power meter
Appropriate jumper cables to connect spectrum analyzer to Bird equipment
OTDR
Optical power meter
Optical visual fault finder
Fiber splicer
SMA torque wrench calibrate to 0.9 N‐m
ESD Strap ‐ (Electrostatic Discharge): The BIU, FOI and Power Supplies contain highly sensitive components
that can be destroyed by static.
NEVER open cards, BGW, CGW, repeaters or remotes!
Miscellaneous Material



AC power cord(s) if using the DPU‐301 power supply [AC to DC power supply]
18 AWG power wire if using the DPU‐302 power supply [DC to DC power supply]
Ferrite bead filter for the DC supply cable to the DPU‐302. The ferrite bead filter must be installed close to
the DPU‐302. Follow manufacturer recommendations for proper installation of the ferrite bead filter.
42
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Installing Headend Equipment
All equipment must be properly grounded. Ground peg in the main connector for both head‐end gear (Master Unit)
and remote gear (Remote Units) must be connected to Phase, Neutral and Ground in a proper way before power is
connected.
The chassis of the remote and the rack of the master unit should be grounded to a potential bar or safety grounding
bar when operated. All electrical installations should be done by a certified electrician only.
BGW
The BGW is designed to be installed in a 19" rack.



The BGW is typically mounted near the top of the rack.
Connect power to an available NEMA5‐15R receptacle.
Using installer provided Ethernet cable, connect the “Ext” port to the appropriate back‐haul connection.
The back‐haul connection can be DSL, off air modem, LAN, WAN. See BGW set up instructions.
Figure 27
BGW Installation, Ethernet Connections
Back-haul Connection
(LAN, WAN, ETC)
Connect to Head end
Ethernet Switch, Port 25
Ethernet Switch
The Ethernet switch, ETH, is designed to be installed in a 19" rack.



Placement is typically between the BGW and the Master Frame Unit. Placement consideration should
include proper routing of Ethernet cables and the installation of additional cables after the initial
installation is complete. Mounting may with Ethernet ports to the front or rear of the rack.
Connect power to an available NEMA5‐15R receptacle.
Using installer provided Ethernet cable, connect port 25 of the Ethernet switch to the “INT” port on the
BGW.
Figure 28
43
Ethernet Switch
Installation guidelines
Master Unit
The Master Unit is designed to be installed in a 19" rack.


Before installing, consider cable routing for all cards to be installed in the Master Unit. The installer may
want to consider horizontal cable managers to be mounted above and below the Master Unit to aid in the
installation and ongoing maintenance of the system.
Each card in the Master Unit will require an Ethernet connection to the BGW in order to be programmed
and monitored. Install contractor provided Ethernet cable between the appropriate Ethernet port and the
Ethernet switch.
Note: The port number on the Master Unit is in reverse order on the back of the Master Unit.
Figure 29
Ethernet Port Numbering, Front and Rear Views
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9

Only the active port on the Master Unit requires an Ethernet connection.
Example: The BIU will consume two slots in the Master Unit. If installed in slots #1 and #2, only
slot #1 will make physical connection to the backplane. Install an Ethernet cable on the back of
the Master Unit in port #1 to provide the BIU with BGW connectivity.

All open slots on the Master Unit require a blank cover plate to allow for proper air circulation. Blank
plates must be ordered separately.
Table 58 Available Blank Cover Plates
Part Number
Slots Covered
DB101
1 Slot
DB102
2 Slots
DB103
3 Slots
DB104
4 Slots
44
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Power Supply Unit
Bird Technologies offers two different power supplies for the Master Unit: AC (DPU‐301) and DC (DPU‐302). The
power supply can be located in a Master Unit other than the one it is powering. Each power supply is shipped with
one Molex power supply jumper. If redundant power supplies are required additional power supply jumper(s) will
need to be ordered.
The power supply uses four slots on the Master Unit.

Prior to installing the PSU in the Master Unit chassis the red slide rails must be carefully removed from the
slots that the PSU will occupy.
Figure 30
Slide Rail Removal
PSU DPU-301
The AC DPU‐301 power supply has a standard C13 receptacle.


The AC DPU‐301 has an input range from 86‐264 VAC with 50 or 60 Hz.
Due to site‐specific needs on length and varying standards of AC plug types, the AC power cord does not
ship with the equipment. The installation contractor must provide the AC power cord.
The DPU‐301 can support a single, fully loaded Master Frame Unit with up to 16 cards (BIU, FOI, ICU). The cards
may be all of one type or a mixture of types.
Figure 31
Power Supply Units
DPU-301
45
DPU-302
Installation guidelines
PSU DPU-302
The DPU‐302 uses a HAN four prong Heavy Duty Power Connector.


The DC to DC DPU‐302 power supply has in input rating of ‐36 VDC to ‐72 VDC.
The DPU‐302 requires the installer to provide 18 AWG wire for the HAN 3 A plug kit (Harting P/N 10 20 003
0002) that is provided with the power supply. See Table 59 for connector pinout.
The DC power supply can support a single Master Frame Unit with up to 12 cards (BIU, FOI, ICU). The cards may be
all of one type or a mixture of cards.
Table 59 DPU-302 Connector Pinout
Han 3A Pinout
Pin #1
(+) Positive
Pin #2
Not connected
Pin #3
(‐) Negative
Pin #4
Earth/Ground
Primary Power Configuration
Connect the output of the power supply to the input of the Master Unit.

Use P101 on the Master Unit as the main power supply feed. See Figure 32.
Note: Note that although there are two output connections on the front of the PSU, the PSU can only
power one Master Frame at a time.
Figure 32
Primary Power Configuration
Primary Power for One Master Unit
Backup Power Configuration
It is not required to use a backup/redundant power supply, but if the primary PSU fails a backup PSU will allow the
unit to continue operating without causing an outage.
The system designer may elect to have a single, redundant PSU act as a backup to two different Master Units
simultaneously with the understanding that if the main PSU for each Master Unit fails during the same time period
that the backup/redundant PSU can't support both Master Units.

Use P102 on the Master Unit for a backup/redundant power supply. See Figure 33 on page 46.
Figure 33
Backup Power Configuration
Backup Power for Two Master Units
46
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
BIU
CAUTION
Overdriving the RF source input into the BIU will cause permanent equipment failure and will void the warranty.
The installer must ensure that input levels are not exceeded. Plan for maximum power out of the RF source and
attenuate accordingly with external attenuators if needed.
The BIU serves as the RF interface between the RF source and the ICU/FOI. Each BIU is pre‐set to a frequency band
and is not field tunable.
The BIU has two sets of RF source connections. The units can accept two independent feeds (within the same band).
The feeds can be from separate sources or A and B paths in a MIMO configuration.
Due to the high level of RF coming into BIU, use only quality RF cables.
BIU Type
Figure 34
Minimum DL Input
Low Level
‐7dBm
+7dBm
High Level
+20dBm
+33dBm
BIU Connections
RF
Source

Maximum DL Input
ICU
or
FOI
Install the BIU in the Master Unit. The BIU uses two slots in the Master Unit.
CAUTION
When mating RF connectors, ensure that they are properly aligned and not cross threaded.
Tighten SMA connectors to 8 in.‐lbs (0.9 N‐m).
Do over torque RF connectors, this could result in damage to the Unit.
Do not under torque RF connectors, this could result in poor signal transmission.
Note: The UL1 and UL2 uplink test ports are 3dB lower than the signal on the corresponding DL/UL
BTS port.


Connect SMA to the RF source. Tighten to 8 in‐pounds (0.9 N‐m) with a calibrated torque wrench.
Connect QMA to the ICU/FOI.
CAUTION
Excess tension on the cable or connectors may cause PIM issues.
Cables must be secured in the rack without applying tension to the connectors.
47
Installation guidelines
ICU
The ICU is designed to be installed in a 19" rack.

The ICU is typically installed directly above or below the Master Unit chassis. Consider post installation
changes and testing when selecting a slot to install the ICU.
Figure 35
ICU
The ICU has QMA connectors. QMA cable kit ‐ Bird part number DCC320 is available for use with the ICU. The kit
contains 32 QMA to QMA cables (see Table 60) that can be used to patch between the BIU to the ICU, BIU to the
FOI or ICU to FOI.
Table 60
QMA Cable Kit
Length
Quantity
250 mm (9.8”)
13
350 mm (13.8”)
13
500 mm (19.7”)
The ICU is configured with two identical paths ‐ uplink and downlink. The typical configuration [DIU301 (88MHz to
2700MHz)] is four 1:8 splitters/combiners (two for UL and two for DL). Note that the theoretical loss for each DIU301
is 35dBm.
FOI
The FOI is mounted in the Master Unit chassis. The FOI uses one slot in the Master Unit.


The RF connections are QMA.
The fiber connections are SC/APC.
The FOI can be ordered with an optional DCC330 jumper kit. The kit contains two SC/APC jumpers that are 5 meters
(16.4 feet) in length.
Figure 36
FOI Connections
Uplink
OPTO IN/OUT
for
Remote Units
Downlink
48
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
RFU
The integrated repeater unit, RFU, DMR400 is mounted in the Master Unit chassis. The DMR400 uses two slots in the
Master Unit.
Figure 37
RFU Connections
RF
Source
Uplink/
Downlink
Rebroadcast
Powering Up the Head End
1.
2.
3.
Apply power to the BGW by pressing the power button on the left side of the unit.
The BGW requires approximately 5 minutes to completely boot up. During the BGW boot process, the modules
in the Master Unit will flash Red and Green.
Apply power to the Ethernet Switch and the Master Unit.
Verify BGW boot cycle is complete,
Note: The BGW will have green LED's lit even when powered off. This is part of the LAN wake up fea‐
ture. When the BGW is running there will be three LED's lit and the hard drive icon showing activity.
4.
See Table 61 for the LED alarm codes for the modules in the Master Unit.
After the BGW boot process is complete, all modules in the Master Unit should have some LED indication. If not,
see Table 62.
Table 61 Master Unit Module LED Indicators
Status
LED Indication
Normal
Green ‐ slow flash
Incoming Alarm
Solid Red ‐ Limited to 5 seconds
Warning
Red LED flashes 1 Hz 1/8 duty cycle
Error
Red LED flashes 2Hz Âź duty cycle
Critical
Red LED remains solid
Table 62 Master Unit Troubleshooting
Malfunction
Corrective Action
Check Power cable to PSU.
If no modules have LED indications
Check power source for Master Unit.
Check connection from PSU to Chassis.
Verify the module is properly seated into
the chassis.
If a module does not have LED ON
Indicator
Move a module to another slot on the
Master Unit chassis.
Replace module.
49
Installation guidelines
Installing Remote Units
The remote units are factory configured and should not be opened in the field.
WARNING
The Remote Units are heavy , use care and always properly support units during installation. If allowed to fall
Remote Units can cause injury or death.
CAUTION
Ensure the surfaces being used to mount Remote Units can safely support the full weight of the remote.
The remotes must be mounted in a vertical position. There are two recommended methods for Remote Unit
installation, wall mounting or pole mounting. Regardless of the mounting style selected, the remotes must be
mounted so that airflow over the external heat sink is not obstructed.
Single Remote Unit Wall Mounting
The remotes are shipped with standard wall mounting brackets. These brackets can be used indoors and outdoors.

Mount the bracket (p/n DMB301) without the remote attached.
Note: Always check local building codes for proper mounting techniques!

Once the bracket is properly mounted, the remote easily slides into the mount. See Figure 38.
Note:
Figure 38
Remote Wall Mount
Tighten bolts
(4 places)
After Remote
is Attached

Once the remote is attached to the wall mount, the remote must be properly secured to the mount by
tightening bolts at each mounting point.
50
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Double Remote Unit Wall Mounting
Bird Technologies offers a bracket that allows two wall mount racks to be mounted back to back. This reduces the
amount of wall space required when two remotes are located together. The bracket is stainless steel and can be
used indoors or outdoors.
Figure 39
Double Wall Mounting Bracket
Standard Wall
Mount Brackets
Mount to Wall
Double Wall
Mount Bracket
Remote Unit Pole Mounting
Bird Technologies also offers a pole mounting option. The pole mount brackets are designed to be used with the
Double Remote Wall Mount bracket.
Figure 40
51
Remote Unit Pole Mounting Option
Installation guidelines
Solar Shield
Direct exposure to sun light can cause temperatures of the remote to exceed the 55 °C (131°F) rating. A simple
solution offered by Bird is to attach an optional solar shield to the affected remotes. The solar shields (p/n
DMA301) are sold separately.
Figure 41
Remote Unit Solar Shield
Cabling
There are many options for the Bird remotes which can affect the number of connections on the bottom of each
remote. The standard connections are:






Ethernet port
RF Port (N, mini DIN or 7/16 DIN, Simplex or Duplex) ‐ Number of ports varies
Power (AC)
External alarm port
Grounding
Fiber Optic
Figure 42
Remote Unit Cabling Connectors
Ethernet
Port
Chassis
Breather
Port
Fiber-Optic
Port
External Alarms
Connector
RF Port
Input Power
Connector
52
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Ethernet Port
The RJ45 Ethernet port is located on the bottom panel of the remote unit. Connection of the Ethernet port is not
required for normal operation of the DAS. The port offers convenient access to the system GUI during installation,
commissioning and troubleshooting of the DAS. Ensure the provided IP67 rated protective cap is replaced when the
Ethernet port is not in use.
If the Ethernet connection is to be long term or permanent, ensure that the appropriate Ethernet patch cable is
utilized to prevent the ingress of moister into the port.
The Ethernet port will allows for two types of connections.
1. Remote unit is not connected to the FOI in the Master Unit
 Access will be limited to the Remote Unit. User may change setting on the Remote Unit.

2.
Static IP address for local access is https://169.254.48.1
Username: "extended"
Password: "admin"
Remote Unit is actively connected to the FOI in the Master Unit
 Full access to all GUI features will be allowed

Access will require the Master Unit IP address: https://172.22.0.1
Username: "extended"
Password: "admin"
Fiber Optic Connection
The fiber connection on the bottom of the remote has an IP67 rated protective cap. The protective cap must remain
in place until the fiber is to be inserted. This will help prevent foreign particles from degrading performance of the
fiber.
The fiber connection has a keyed slot SC/APC connection. Care must be taken to ensure the fiber is installed
correctly. It is possible to force the connection so that the fiber is installed at a 180 degree rotation causing
performance issues.
Note: The SC/APC key is at the top and bottom on the connection on the remote.
Figure 43
Remote Fiber-Optic Connector
Keyed
Connector
It is highly recommended that only the SCRJ fiber cables be used with the remotes. Not only does the SCRJ cable
prevent the ingress of moisture and dust into to the fiber port but the cable also insures the fibers are correctly
aligned in the connector. SCRJ fiber cables are ordered separately from Bird Technologies.
Figure 44
53
SCRJ Connector
Installation guidelines
AC Power Input
The Bird remote only comes with an AC input option. The voltage range will support 120VAC or 240VAC, 50 or 60 Hz.
The remote ships with a weather proof C13 connector and weather proof strain relief housing. The unit does not
ship with a power cord ‐ only the power connector. The installation contractor will need to provide a power cable of
at least 14AWG, 3 conductor cable.
Figure 45
Weatherproof AC Input Connector
Ground
Live
Neutral
WARNING
Electrical installation should only be performed by a licensed electrician.
External Alarm Connection
The external alarm port on the Bird remote requires an IP 67 D‐sub connector (not supplied by Bird).
Table 63 Alarm Definitions
Alarm Input
1 (Pin 9)
2 (Pin 4)
3 (Pin 8)
4 (Pin 3)
Figure 46
Level
Error
Critical
Warning
Error
Alarm Text
Battery voltage low
Loss of main AC power
External alarm 3
External alarm 4
External Alarm Connector
54
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Table 64 External Alarm Connector Pinout
Pin
Function
Alarm relay output NC
Alarm relay output NO
Alarm input 4
Alarm input 2
Alarm input ground
Alarm relay output NC
Alarm relay output NO
Alarm input 3
Alarm input 1
Grounding
The remotes are furnished with a ground lug to be used if chassis grounding is required to meet local code or
installation requirements. The external grounding lug must be used when the remote is installed in applications
where it is susceptible to lightening strikes.
If the remote is mounted in areas with high EMF such as near high amperage transformers, turbines or broadcast
antennas, properly grounding the chassis will provide reduce the likelihood interference.
Figure 47
Remote Ground Connection
Remote Unit Verification
Once the remote has been properly installed and all connections made the unit may be powered up. The unit is
automatically powered up once power is applied to the AC plug on the bottom of the unit.
The typical power cycle of the remote is approximately 90 seconds. The red and green LED on the bottom of the
remote will flash during the boot cycle.

55
Once the boot cycle is complete, a solid red LED indicates there is no fiber connection or communication to
the DAS head end.
Installation guidelines
Installing the DHR Repeater
The repeaters units are factory configured and should not be opened in the field.
WARNING
The Repeaters are heavy , use care and always properly support units during installation. If allowed to fall a
Repeater can cause injury or death.
CAUTION
Ensure the surfaces being used to mount the Repeater can safely support the full weight of the Repeater.
The remotes must be mounted in a vertical position. There are two recommended methods for Remote Unit
installation, wall mounting or pole mounting. Regardless of the mounting style selected, the remotes must be
mounted so that airflow over the external heat sink is not obstructed.
Single Repeater Wall Mounting
The repeaters are shipped with standard wall mounting brackets. These brackets can be used indoors and outdoors.

Mount the bracket without the repeater attached.
Note: Always check local building codes for proper mounting techniques.

Once the bracket is properly mounted, the repeater easily slides into the mount. See Figure 48.
Figure 48
Repeater Wall Mount
Tighten Bolts
(4 places)
after Repeater
is Attached

Once the repeater is attached to the wall mount, the repeater must be properly secured to the mount by
tightening bolts at each mounting point.
56
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Double Repeater Wall Mounting
Bird Technologies offers a bracket that allows two wall mount racks to be mounted back to back. This reduces the
amount of wall space required when two repeaters are located together. The bracket is stainless steel and can be
used indoors or outdoors.
Figure 49
Double Wall Mounting Bracket
Standard Wall
Mount Brackets
Mount to Wall
Double Wall
Mount Bracket
Repeater Pole Mounting
Bird Technologies also offers a pole mounting option. The pole mount brackets are designed to be used with the
Double Wall Mount bracket.
Figure 50
57
Repeater Pole Mounting Option
Installation guidelines
Solar Shield
Direct exposure to sun light can cause temperatures of the repeater to exceed the 55 °C (131°F) rating. A simple
solution offered by Bird is to attach an optional solar shield to the affected repeaters. The solar shields are sold
separately.
Figure 51
Remote Unit Solar Shield
Cabling
There are many options for the Bird repeaters which can affect the number of connections on the bottom of each
repeater. The standard connections are:






Ethernet port
RF Ports (N‐Type standard)
Input Power
External alarm port
Grounding
Fiber Optic (optional)
Figure 52
Repeater Cabling Connectors
Donor Antenna
Connector
Fiber-Optic
Ports (Optional)
Ethernet
Port
Chassis
Ground
Input Power
Connector
External Alarms
Connector
LED Indicators
Service Antenna
Connector
Chassis
Breather
Port
58
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Ethernet Port
The RJ45 Ethernet port is located on the bottom panel of the repeater unit. Connection of the Ethernet port is not
required for normal operation of the repeater. The port offers convenient access to the system GUI during
installation, commissioning and troubleshooting. Ensure the provided IP67 rated protective cap is replaced when
the Ethernet port is not in use.
If the Ethernet connection is to be long term or permanent, ensure that the appropriate Ethernet patch cable is
utilized to prevent the ingress of moister into the port.
Fiber Optic Connection
If the fiber optic option is ordered, the fiber connection on the bottom of the repeater has an IP67 rated protective
cap. The protective cap must remain in place until the fiber is to be inserted. This will help prevent foreign particles
from degrading performance of the fiber.
The fiber connection has a keyed slot SC/APC connection. Care must be taken to ensure the fiber is installed
correctly. It is possible to force the connection so that the fiber is installed at a 180 degree rotation causing
performance issues.
Note: The SC/APC key is at the top and bottom on the connection on the repeater.
Figure 53
Remote Fiber-Optic Connector
Keyed
Connector
It is highly recommended that only the SCRJ fiber cables be used with the repeaters. Not only does the SCRJ cable
prevent the ingress of moisture and dust into to the fiber port but the cable also insures the fibers are correctly
aligned in the connector. SCRJ fiber cables are ordered separately from Bird Technologies.
Figure 54
59
SCRJ Connector
Installation guidelines
AC Power Input
The Bird repeater only comes with an AC input option. The voltage range will support 120VAC or 240VAC, 50 or 60
Hz. The remote ships with a weather proof C13 connector and weather proof strain relief housing. The unit does not
ship with a power cord ‐ only the power connector. The installation contractor will need to provide a power cable of
at least 14AWG, 3 conductor cable.
Figure 55
Weatherproof AC Input Connector
Ground
Live
Neutral
WARNING
Electrical installation should only be performed by a licensed electrician.
External Alarm Connection
The external alarm port on the repeater requires an IP 67 D‐sub connector (not supplied by Bird).
Table 65 Alarm Definitions
Alarm Input
1 (Pin 9)
2 (Pin 4)
3 (Pin 8)
4 (Pin 3)
Figure 56
Level
Error
Critical
Warning
Error
Alarm Text
Battery voltage low
Loss of main AC power
External alarm 3
External alarm 4
External Alarm Connector
60
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Table 66 External Alarm Connector Pinout
Pin
Function
Alarm relay output NC
Alarm relay output NO
Alarm input 4
Alarm input 2
Alarm input ground
Alarm relay output NC
Alarm relay output NO
Alarm input 3
Alarm input 1
Grounding
The repeaters are furnished with a ground lug to be used if chassis grounding is required to meet local code or
installation requirements.
Figure 57
61
Remote Ground Connection
Chapter 4
DAS Software Configuration
This section is focused on the GUI interface and initial software setting of the DAS. No special software is require to
access the Bird DAS. Access is provided via most web browsers such as Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome.
The BGW should be powered up and allowed about 5 minutes to fully boot prior to applying power to the Master
Unit. The BGW will assign IP addresses to the Master Unit components. If the Master Unit is powered up prior to the
BGW then it could take up to 30 minutes for the Master Unit components to get assigned an IP address. Master Unit
cards will show a quick flash of the green LED when an IP address has been assigned.
Special Note: The following is based on version 3.5 software.
Ethernet Connection
1.
2.
Connect a laptop to any open port on the Headend Ethernet switch.
Ensure the laptop network settings have DHCP enabled and the “Obtain an IP address automatically” radio
button checked.
Figure 58
3.
4.
Windows TCP/IP Settings
Using an Internet browser go to https://172.22.0.1 to access the BGW. A successful entry will show access to the
login page.
Login to the BGW.
 Username: "extended"

Password: "admin"
Figure 59
BGW Login page
62
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
BGW Configuration
BGW Naming
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select Configuration in top right corner. See Figure 60 .
Select External Comm in left menu.
Select BGW Name tab in top menu.
Enter site name:
a. You may use any combination of alphanumeric characters and the special character of dash "‐". Do not
use any other special characters or space.
0 through 9
a through z
A through Z
‐
Limit of 56 characters
b.
5.
Use a site name that is descriptive enough to distinguish the BGW from other sites. Generic names may
delay troubleshooting efforts.
Click Submit.
Note: After the new host name is entered, the unit must be restarted. This is the only change that
requires a restart. Select the physical restart button on the left side of the BGW.
Figure 60
BGW Site Name
EXT Ethernet
In order for the BGW to be able to communicate outward, the Ext Ethernet connection has to be programmed.
Consult with your Internet service provider or IT department for the IP address, Netmask and Gateway IP address
settings.
Figure 61
63
BGW External Communications
DAS Software Configuration
VPN Settings
On occasions, the BGW will be set up behind a firewall. To be able to access the BGW from external locations the
Primary BGW settings will need to be configured to allow access. Consult with your IT department for these
parameters.
Bird Technologies offers monitoring services. When these services are contracted, enter the Bird parameters in the
Secondary BGW settings so that system alarms are correctly forwarded to the Bird NOC.
Figure 62
BGW VPN Settings
Time Zone
To ensure that alarms are correctly labeled with the local time the time zone for the BGW will need to be set.
1. Select Configuration. See Figure 63 .
2. Click Time serv/zone.
3. Select the Time and Time zone Tab.
4. Select the local time zone from the drop‐down menu.
5. Click Submit.
Figure 63
BGW Time Zone Settings
64
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
NTP Servers
NTP servers provide accurate clocks for the BGW. Utilizing multiple sources prevents clock issues as a result of one
server becoming corrupt or dropping out of contact. The BGW is compatible with NTP version 4 servers. The NTP
settings in the image below are the default for Redhat servers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Select Configuration.
Click Time serv/zone.
Select the NTP Servers Tab.
Enter the NTP Server information. The FQDN settings are reserved for deployments utilizing the CGW.
Click Submit.
If no Internet access is available, the BGW will create its own clock to give the sub‐nodes of the system a valid NTP
service.
Figure 64
NTP Server Settings
65
DAS Software Configuration
Email Server
The BGW is capable of emailing alarms directly to select email addresses. Access the set up function via
Configuration, Alarm Receivers and Server Prop.
Consult with your IT department for configuration settings.
1. Select Configuration.
2. Click Alarm Receivers.
3. Select the Server Prop. Tab.
4. Enter the Email Server information. Consult with your IT department for configuration settings.
5. Click Save and Apply.
Figure 65
Email Server Settings
66
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
BIU Configuration
The initial screen for the BIU provides basic information such as name, serial number, part number and active
alarms. The Locate me! button causes an LED to flash on the unit so that the module can be identified in the chassis.
In the left menu, notice the RF 1 and RF 2. The BIU has two RF paths or strips that are correlated to the two RF inputs
on the BIU card. Each RF path has independent settings that can be accessed via the appropriate selection.
Figure 66
BIU Welcome Screen
BIU RF1 Status
This page shows the current status and configuration of the BIU.
Figure 67
BIU RF1 Status
10
11
12
13
14
15
67
DAS Software Configuration
Item
Description
Downlink RMS value leaving the BIU card to the ICU/FOI. Good for
measuring GSM and UMTS levels.
Downlink log detector signal leaving the BIU card to the ICU/FOI.
Peak downlink RF value exiting the BIU card on the select path.
0=RF is set to Off (attenuation is set to maximum).
1= RF is set to On.
Note: This is only in reference to one of the two BIU RF paths/strips.
Temperature of the BIU card.
This measurement is the actual loss of the downlink RF signal in the BIU
taking into account raw or inherent loss of the card plus the adjustable
attenuator.
This measurement is the actual gain or loss on the uplink RF signal in the BIU
taking into account raw or inherent gain of the card plus the uplink
adjustable attenuator.
Adjustable downlink attenuator setting for the selected RF path.
Note: If the downlink path is turned off (see #4) the attenuator value is
automatically set to maximum attenuation. When RF is turned on, the
setting of the adjustable attenuator will be shown.
Adjustable uplink attenuator setting for the selected RF path.
Note: If the downlink path is turned off (see #4) the attenuator value is
automatically set to maximum attenuation. When RF is turned on, the
setting of the adjustable attenuator will be shown.
Calculated downlink RMS value entering the BIU card from the BTS.
10
Note: This is the downlink into the BIU card and not an uplink value.
Calculated downlink value entering the BIU card from the BTS .
11
Note: This is the downlink into the BIU card and not an uplink value.
Peak downlink RF value entering the BIU card on the select path.
12
Note: This is the downlink into the BIU card and not an uplink value.
13
0=Downlink alarm is set to Off.
1= Uplink alarm is set to On.
14
Bandwidth of the BIU card
15
Pressing Reload will refresh the page
68
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
BIU RF1 Settings
This page will allow the user to change the attenuator values in the BIU for the path selected.
Figure 68
BIU RF1 Settings
Item
Description
Attenuator setting for the downlink path. Enter a value from ‐14 to ‐44
(range varies depending of frequency band).
Note: Click Submit after entering value.
Attenuator/Gain setting for the uplink path.
Enter a value from ‐17 to 12 (range varies depending of frequency band).
Note that the BIU has raw gain in the uplink path on certain BIU types (gain
can be determined by positive value in the setting range.
A selection of 12 indicates full gain of 12dB in the BIU.
A selection of 9 will decrease the BIU uplink output by 3dB.
A selection of 0 will decrease the BIU uplink output by 12dB.
A selection of ‐17 will decrease the BIU uplink output by 29dB.
Note: Click Submit after entering value.
69
This selection turns the uplink path On or Off (maximum attenuation
setting).
DAS Software Configuration
BIU Hardware Test Points
This page shows various test point measurements used for status and troubleshooting purposes.
Figure 69
BIU Hardware Test Points
BIU Alarm List
This page show all current and past alarms.



Green indicates that the alarm has cleared.
Yellow indicates a warning alarm.
Red indicates a service affecting alarm.
Figure 70
BIU Alarm List
70
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
BIU Change History
This page shows a history of all setting changes.
Figure 71
BIU Change History
BIU Alarm configuration RF1
This page allows for certain alarm thresholds of the BIU to be changed.
Figure 72
BIU Alarm configuration
71
Item
Description
Set the value in dBm that the BIU downlink output has to exceed in order to
create an alarm
Set the value in seconds for the amount of time that the BIU downlink
output has to be above the threshold level in order to create an alarm.
Enables or disables BIU threshold/high power alarm.
Set the value in dBm that the BIU downlink output has to drop below in
order to create an alarm.
Enables or disables BIU supervision/low level alarm.
Click Submit after entering value(s).
DAS Software Configuration
BIU Advanced Network Setup
This page allows for manual override of network settings.
Default configurations should be used with DHCP set to Yes.
Note: Changing DHCP to “No” can cause loss of communications to the BIU and should only be used in
very specific situations.
Figure 73
BIU Network Setup
BIU Advanced Menus
These menus provide information only status and settings of the BIU that are typically used by the manufacturer.
BIU > Advanced>HW config
BIU > Advanced>AD‐values RF1
BIU > Advanced>AD‐values RF2
BIU > Advanced>ADC raw
BIU > Advanced>Software status
BIU > Advanced>Process status
BIU > Advanced>System status
72
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
BIU Application Handling
The application handling page allows for stopping software functions and rebooting software programs.
Alarm Handler: Selecting Reboot (circular icon) will clear all the alarms in the history for the card selected. This is
helpful after turning a system up and wanting to clear alarm log created during the installation and turn up.
Note: Only the Reboot command should be used by the technician. All other functions should only be
used under supervision of Bird engineering as they may cause data corruption if not initiated properly.
The radio button will stop a process and can have negative affects on the function of the DAS.
Figure 74
BIU Application Handling
BIU Reset to Factory Default
To reset the BIU to factory default, carefully press the “Reset” button [located below the UL In 1 QMA connector] for
10 seconds. This is helpful when a card fails to appear in the Configuration menu.
Figure 75
BIU Reset
Reset
73
DAS Software Configuration
FOI Configuration
The initial screen for the FOI provides basic information such as name, serial number, part number and active
alarms. The Locate me! button causes an LED to flash on the unit so that the module can be identified in the chassis.
Figure 76
FOI Welcome Screen
Figure 77
FOI Welcome Screen SW Version 3.9, DOI401
74
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
FOI Opto Status
This page will show the current status and configuration of the FOI.
Figure 78
FOI Opto Status
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Item
75
Description
Fiber optic received optical power from the remote unit. See item 1 in Figure 79 for measurement location.
RF downlink power to the remote. See item 2 in Figure 80 for location on the FOI circuitry. Note that with no RF
power into the BIU the FOR will still show signal in the downlink. This is the sub‐carrier that is typically 10 dB below
the anticipated RF level.
RF path 1 input power from the remote. See item 3 in Figure 79 for location on the FOI circuitry.
RF path 2 input power form the remote. See item 4 in Figure 79 for location on the FOI circuitry.
Temperature of the FOI card
Downlink path 1 attenuator #1 setting. See item 6 in Figure 80 for location on the FOI circuitry. Value may be
slightly different than the value in Settings due to changes in temperature compensation.
Downlink path 1 attenuator #2 setting. See item 7 in Figure 80 for location on the FOI circuitry. Value may be
slightly different than the value in Settings due to changes in temperature compensation.
Downlink path 2 attenuator #1 setting. See item 8 in Figure 80 for location on the FOI circuitry. Value may be
slightly different than the value in Settings due to changes in temperature compensation.
Downlink path 2 attenuator #2 setting. See item 9 in Figure 80 for location on the FOI circuitry. Value may be
slightly different than the value in Settings due to changes in temperature compensation.
10
Uplink common path attenuator #1 setting. See item 10 in Figure 79 for location on the FOI circuitry. Value may
be slightly different than the value in Settings due to changes in temperature compensation.
11
Uplink common path attenuator #2 setting. See item 11 in Figure 79 for location on the FOI circuitry. Value may
be slightly different than the value in Settings due to changes in temperature compensation.
12
Uplink path #1 attenuator setting. See item 12 in Figure 79 for location on the FOI circuitry. Value may be slightly
different than the value in Settings due to changes in temperature compensation.
13
Uplink path #2 attenuator setting. See item 13 in Figure 79 for location on the FOI circuitry. Value may be slightly
different than the value in Settings due to changes in temperature compensation.
14
Calculated uplink optical input from the remote unit. See item 14 in Figure 79 for location on the FOI circuitry.
15
Calculated downlink optical output. See item 9 in Figure 80 for location on the FOI circuitry.
16
Pressing Reload will refresh the page
DAS Software Configuration
Figure 79
FOI Uplink Measurement Locations
12
CURRENT
SENSOR
RX-LVL
RX POWER 1
DETECTOR
ETHERNET
MODEM
Attenuator
Uplink 1
STEP ATT
PHOTO
DETECTOR
OPTO IN
UL OUT 1
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
TP UL
Attenuator
Common 2
Attenuator
Common 1
14
10
11
UL OUT 2
STEP ATT
Attenuator
Uplink 2
13
DETECTOR
RX POWER 2
Figure 80
FOI Downlink Measurement Locations
Attenuator 1
Downlink 1
Attenuator 2
Downlink 1
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
Attenuator 1
Downlink 2
Attenuator 2
Downlink 2
DETECTOR
DL IN 1
TP DL
DL IN 2
MONITOR
TX-LVL
LASER
DRIVER
DETECTOR
ETHERNET
MODEM
OPTO OUT
15
76
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Figure 81
FOI Opto Status DOI401
FOI Opto and Attenuator Settings
This page will allow changes to be made to the FOI values
Figure 82
FOI Opto and Attenuator Settings
10
Item
77
Description
Downlink path 1 attenuator #1. See item 1 in Figure 83 for measurement location.
Downlink path 1 attenuator #2. See item 2 in Figure 83 for location on the FOI circuitry.
Downlink path 2 attenuator #1. See item 3 in Figure 83 for location on the FOI circuitry.
Downlink path 2 attenuator #2. See item 4 in Figure 83 for location on the FOI circuitry.
Uplink common path attenuator #1. See item 5 in Figure 84 for location on the FOI circuitry.
Uplink common path attenuator #2. See item 6 in Figure 84 for location on the FOI circuitry.
Uplink path 1 attenuator. See item 7 in Figure 84 for location on the FOI circuitry.
DAS Software Configuration
Item
Description
Uplink path 2 attenuator. See item 8 in Figure 84 for location on the FOI circuitry.
RF ON Yes set the UL values as selected above. RF No turns off laser.
Note: Setting to “No” will disconnect connectivity to the remote(s)
Subcarrier TX Power is used for the communications and control signaling of the DAS.

Default setting is ‐10dBm for single port FOI cards and 0dBm for the 4‐port FOI card.

The value may need to be changed in situations where fiber loss is near the maximum
and communications issues arise. Unnecessarily increasing the subcarrier TX power
may affect RF performance of the DAS.
10
Figure 83
Downlink Opto and Attenuator Settings
Attenuator 1
Downlink 1
Attenuator 2
Downlink 1
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
DETECTOR
DL IN 1
TP DL
DL IN 2
MONITOR
Attenuator 1
Downlink 2
Attenuator 2
Downlink 2
TX-LVL
LASER
DRIVER
DETECTOR
ETHERNET
MODEM
OPTO OUT
Figure 84
Uplink Opto and Attenuator Settings
CURRENT
SENSOR
RX-LVL
RX POWER 1
DETECTOR
ETHERNET
MODEM
OPTO IN
Attenuator
Uplink 1
STEP ATT
PHOTO
DETECTOR
UL OUT 1
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
TP UL
Attenuator
Common 1
Attenuator
Common 2
UL OUT 2
STEP ATT
Attenuator
Uplink 2
DETECTOR
RX POWER 2
78
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Figure 85
DOI401 FOI Opto and Attenuator Settings
FOI Fiber Network Subunits
This page provides a visual indication on the fiber link status for each connection to the FOI.
Figure 86
FOI Fiber Network Subunits
Item
79
Description
Selecting the remote link will direct the browser to the Remote Unit page.
Network IP address of the FOI card.
Optical wavelength of the transmit laser in the FOI card.
Subcarrier optical loss between the FOI and FOR in the downlink path.
Subcarrier optical loss between the FOR and FOI in the uplink path.
Subcarrier power to the modem in the downlink path of the FOR ‐ Range
should be ‐30 to ‐60. If the level is too high or too low communication and
other system problems may occur.
Subcarrier power to the modem in the uplink path of the FOI ‐ Range should
be ‐30 to ‐60. If the level is too high or too low communication and other
system problems may occur.
MAC address of the FOI card
DAS Software Configuration
Figure 87
DOI401 FOI Fiber Network Subunits
FOI Network Setup
This page allows for manual override of network settings. Default configurations should be used with DHCP set to
Yes.
Note: Changing DHCP to “No” can cause loss of communications to the BIU and should only be used in
very specific situations. Do not enter IP configuration data in other associated settings.
Figure 88
FOI Network Settings
80
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
FOI Reset to Factory Default
To reset the FOI to factory default, carefully press the “Reset” button (see Figure 89 ) for 10 seconds. This is helpful
when a card fails to appear in the Configuration menu.
Figure 89
FOI Reset Button
Reset
FOR
The initial screen for the FOR provides basic information such as name, serial number, part number and active
alarms. The Locate me! button causes an LED to flash on the chassis so that the unit can be identified in the field.
Note: If the fiber is just now connected to the FOI card, it could take up to 30 minutes for the FOI to
assign an IP address to the FOR. See section for "Moving Remotes to Different FOI Port" on page 92 for
details on how to quicken the IP assignment.
Figure 90
81
FOR Welcome Screen
DAS Software Configuration
Figure 91
FOR Welcome Screen
RF Strip 1 XXX MHz Status
Figure 92
FOR RF 1 Status
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Item
Description
Downlink frequency band for the RF path/strip selected
RF link setting for the downlink path: On or Off.
Setting of the downlink ALC threshold.
Downlink low power alarm turned On or Off.
Gain setting for the RF path under review.
Maximum allowed gain will always be the same as the set gain except in
special builds.
82
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Item
Description
The amount of actual gain used by the system. Might not achieve max gain
setting if ALC is in operation. If the set gain is 56 as it is above, RF is turned
on and the actual gain in line 7 is less than 56 then the system is being
overdriven and ALC is kicking in. Reduce gain. Suggest starting with the
value displayed in line 7 since this is the most gain that is being used.
Output power of the amplifier for the path under review.
Uplink frequency band for the RF path/strip selected
10
RF link setting for the uplink path: On or Off.
11
Status of uplink test tone signal. Test tone automatically turns off after 60
minutes.
12
Uplink test tone frequency setting.
13
Uplink test tone level. Not adjustable. Accounts for losses in internal
duplexers, if any.
14
Uplink ALC threshold setting.
15
Gain setting in the uplink path.
16
Maximum allowed gain set by the system.
17
Actual gain being used in the uplink path. The figure might not match gain
setting if ALC is in operation.
Uplink output to the FOI.
18
Note: If the uplink path is set to Off a reading of “<“ is
returned.
19
Periodic enables a constant update of the status screen.
RF Strip 1 XXX MHz Configuration
Figure 93
FOR RF 1 Configuration
10
11
Item
83
Description
Downlink gain setting for RF path under review.
Downlink ALC setting for RF path under review. The factory default is set at
the rated power of the remote unit (i.e. DDH is set to 43dB). The level could
be set lower for specific situations. Note that the factory level is set at the
antenna port. If remote is shutting down due to being over driven it is
suggested to reduce the ALC level by one or two dB to reduce the number of
alarms.
Turns downlink RF on or off.
DAS Software Configuration
Item
Description
Turns downlink low power alarm on or off.
Uplink gain setting for RF path under review.
Uplink ALC setting for RF path under review. This is the threshold at which
the system will start reducing further gain to prevent increases in uplink RF
to the FOI. After 10dB decrease in gain an uplink alarm will be triggered
Note: Should be left a factory default. Only change if FOR
uplink gain is changed. If gain is increased on FOR uplink
then the same value should be decreased on the ALC.
Example: Changing the UL FOR gain from 12 to 17 would require ALC to be
changed from ‐13 to ‐18.
Hardware ALC offset measured in tenths of a dB. Default setting of 60
(6dBm) should be used for most applications. Should the software not be
able to reduce uplink gain fast enough after the ALC threshold has been
exceed, hardware attenuation will be added to protect the uplink path. In
the example above, the hardware attenuation will trigger at ‐7dBm (‐13dBm
ALC threshold minus 6dBm HW ALC offset = ‐7dBm)
Turns uplink RF on or off.
Sets uplink test tone frequency. Must be within uplink frequency limits of
the RF module.
10
Turns on uplink test tone. Test tone times out after 60 minutes.
11
Retrieves current FOR settings from system.
RF Strip 1 XXX MHz Configuration Software Version 3.9
Software release 3.9 introduces settable Return Loss measurements and control over alarms. The default interval
setting is “0” indicating the return loss alarm feature is turned off. Return loss alarms are often disabled when there
is a passive antenna network installed beyond the remote.
Figure 94
FOR RF 1 Configuration, Software Version 3.9
84
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
FOR Opto Status
Figure 95
FOR Opto Status
Item
Figure 96
Description
Optical power received from the FOI. See item 1 in Figure 96 for
measurement location.
Uplink signal being fed into the FOR uplink laser circuit. See item 2 in
Figure 97 for measurement location.
Laser current for the Remote Unit FOR. Should be less than 50mA.
Temperature of the Remote Unit FOR board.
Total gain of the FOR in the downlink. Note that RF Out 1 and 2 are wide
band (FM to 2600MHz) that feed band specific RF amplifiers in the following
VGA stage.
Total gain of the FOR in the uplink path. Note that RF In1 and In2 are wide
band (FM to 2600MHz) that are signals from the uplink frequency specific
amplifiers.
Calculated downlink signal being received from the FOI. See item 1 in
Figure 96 for measurement location. Takes into consideration optical
wavelength and temperature compensation.
Calculated uplink signal being transmitted to the FOI (FOR input from VGA +
FOR uplink gain/attenuation). See item 3 in Figure 97 for measurement
location.
FOR Downlink Schematic
CURRENT
SENSOR
RX-LVL
OPTO IN
ETHERNET
MODEM
PHOTO
DETECTOR
RF OUT 2
STEP ATT
STEP ATT
RF OUT 1
85
DAS Software Configuration
Figure 97
FOR Uplink Schematic
TX POW
LOG
DETECTOR
RF IN 1
LASER
DIODE
RF IN 2
OPTO OUT
STEP ATT
MONITOR
DIODE
TX-LVL
LASER
DRIVER
ETHERNET
MODEM
+5 V
VOLTAGE -5 V
INVERTER
TX-CURR
TO
PHOTO DIODE
86
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
FOR Opto Gain and Attenuation Settings
Figure 98
FOR Opto Gain Settings
87
Item
Description
FOR gain in the downlink path. Range is typically from ‐20 to +20. FOR downlink path has inherent/raw gain of
+20dB (FM to 2600MHz).

A setting of +20 indicates no attenuation so FOR will have +20dB gain (+20dB gain minus 0dB
attenuation).

A setting of +10 will have 10 of attenuation so this stage will have 10dBm of gain (+20dB gain minus
10dB of attenuation).

A setting of 0 will have 20dB of attenuation so this stage will have unity gain (+20dB gain minus
20dB of attenuation).

A setting of ‐10 will have 30dB of attenuation so this stage will have 10dB of loss (+20dB gain minus
30dB of attenuation).

A setting of ‐20 will have 40dB of attenuation so this stage will have 20dB of loss (+20dB gain minus
40dB of attenuation).
FOR gain in the uplink path. Range is typically from 0 to +20dBm (FM to 2600MHz).

A setting of +20 will have full gain of +20dBm.

A setting of +10 will have +10dB gain.

A setting of 0 will have no gain.

Factory default should be used unless high loss in fiber. Note that changes in Gain uplink will
require changes in the FOR UL ALC level.
DAS Software Configuration
FOR Fiber Network Settings
This page allows for manual override of network settings. Default configurations should be used with DHCP set to
Yes.
Note: Changing DHCP to “No” can cause loss of communications to the BIU and should only be used in
very specific situations. Do not enter IP configuration data in other associated settings.
Figure 99
FOR Network Settings
ITem
Description
Subcarrier Tx Power is used for the communications and control signaling of
the DAS. Default setting is ‐10. The value may need to be changed in
situations where fiber loss is near the maximum and communications issues
arise. Unnecessarily increasing the subcarrier TX power may affect RF
performance of the DAS.
Default seeing of Yes should be used except for special applications.
Figure 100 More FOR Network Settings
88
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
FOR Application Handling
The application handling page allows for software reset and rebooting functions.
Note: Only the Reboot command should be used by the technician. All other functions should only be
used under supervision of Bird engineering as they may cause data corruption if not initiated properly.
Figure 101 FOR Application Handling
Slave FOR
A Slave FOR is when a remote has a second FOR installed. The Slave FOR is most likely to be used when the remote is
configured for MIMO or has multiple amplifiers in the same band or has redundant fiber.
Settings for the Slave FOR is the same as the main FOR except, “Calc ip for ETH0 is set to “No”.
Figure 102 Slave FOR Network Settings
89
DAS Software Configuration
Naming Components
Proper naming of individual components in the DAS is critical to troubleshooting. A recommendation is to start all
component names with their function such as "BIU", "FOI" or "FOR". For example: "BIU‐850Sector1".
You may use any combination of alphanumeric characters and the special character of dash "‐". Do not use any
other special characters or space.




0 through 9
a through z
A through Z
‐
Component names are limited to 56 characters.
1. Select the component to be named from the Configuration menu.
Figure 103 Component Selection
2.
Use the Locate Me button to verify which cards is being accessed.
Figure 104 Locate Me Button
3.
4.
5.
Go to Advanced>Netw Setup
Enter the new card name in the Host Name field. See Figure 105 .
Select submit.
90
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Figure 105 Unit Naming
6.
7.
8.
Go to Advanced > Appl restart.
Select the Reboot icon at the bottom of the menu. See Figure 106 .
Select "YES‐ Restart Process"
Note: After rebooting, it can take up to 5 minutes before the unit shows up in the GUI.
Figure 106 Naming Reboot
9. After all the units have been renamed, go to the Configuration menu and select the correct card type.
10. Highlight all the cards in the right column that had name changes and then select “<<“. Select “Submit”
This will remove the old names from the DAS Configuration.
11. Highlight all the cards in the left column with the new names and then select “>>”. Select “Submit”. 
This will move the new card names into the DAS configuration.
Table 67 Submit Newly Named Units
12. Select Network Views > All to confirm that all cards are now part of the configuration.
91
DAS Software Configuration
Moving Remotes to Different FOI Port
All DAS components are assigned IP addresses by the BGW. The FOR in the Remote is the assigned an IP address as a
subunit of the FOI to which it is connected. When the Remote is moved to a different FOI one of several actions must
take place:
1. The lease on the Remote IP address must be given time to expire. This could take up to 30 minutes. Once the
current IP lease expires, the new FOI will then assign the correct IP address to the Remote.
2. Manually power cycle the Remote. During the reboot process, the Remote will release the old IP address and
have the correct IP address assigned by the new FOI.
3. Communications to the remote can only occur when the remote has the correct IP address. Before moving the
fiber, access the FOR via the GUI. In the advanced settings, reboot the FOR. As soon as the reboot has been
initiated, quickly move the head end fiber to the new FOI port. When the Remote finishes the rebooting
process, the new FOI will assign the correct IP address.
Replacing Master Unit Cards
All DAS components are assigned IP addresses by the BGW. When a card is replaced, the card must be assigned a
new IP address by the BGW. On rare occasions, the BGW may have not be able to assign an IP address to the new
card. This is easily corrected by removing the card from the Master Unit chassis (with ESD strap attached) and then
re‐install the card. The BGW will then assign the correct IP address.
Moving Master Unit Cards
Occasionally, cards need to be moved to different slots in the Master Unit.
CAUTION
Always use an ESD strap when installation and removing cards. Failure to comply may result
in permanent disabling damage to the module.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Move the card to the new slot.
Ensure there is an Ethernet connection for the new card location on the backplane of the Master Unit.
Wait for the card to complete the boot process. If the card remains in the boot process (Green LED remains on
for approximately 2 seconds and then off for one second) then the IP address may not have been assigned.
Check Ethernet connection.
Log into the GUI to confirm software connectivity. On occasions the card will not show up after being moved.
a. Go to the Configuration menu and remove the card (move from right to left) and then Submit. See
Figure 107 on page 93 .
b. Select the card from the left menu and then add it back to the system on the right and then submit.
c. Go to the Home menu. Log out of the BGW and then log back in.
d. Go to Network Views and log into the card to verify GUI connection.
92
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Figure 107 Manage System Modules
93
Chapter 5
Commissioning
Preparations
The minimum of preparations necessary are to have the system documentation which should include the following
items at least:









The system layout and block schematic
A connection diagram for the head‐end Master Unit
The type of connectors and tappers used to interface to the base station ports
The number of carriers for each of the BIU that the base stations connects via
Maximum output power for each service from the base stations
Fiber losses should be documented beforehand so that you can compare what the system actually
measures
Sectorization information, which sectors should go to which remotes
DAS calculator sheets showing the expected settings for each of the RF chains in uplink and downlink.
Information about Ethernet connection if the system should be monitored by remote. How to connect it to
the Internet for remote viewing unless you are using a modem.
Necessary tools
The tools necessary to commission the system includes:




One laptop for changing the system settings, checking any alarms and status. Only software needed is a
web browser. Operating system can be Windows, Linux or Mac as you prefer.
Spectrum analyzer to measure the uplink. The system relies on test tone measurements in the uplink and
therefore it is important to have equipment to measure them.
SMA tool to be able to connect or disconnect BTS cables from the BIU.
QMA adapter so you can measure signals directly on the head‐end units such as the FOI, BIU, ICU and so
on.
Software
No particular software is necessary except a modern graphical based web browser.
94
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
System Commissioning
Pre-requisites






Establish Ethernet connection between the BGW and all cards
Power up all equipment
Ensure IP addresses have been assigned 
Cards will briefly flash green. Solid green indicates waiting for IP assignment
Verify remote unit fibers are connected to correct FOI ports
Set names for all components and add components to the system ‐ See “Naming Components” section
Connect BTS to the BIU ensuring proper attenuation for the BIU card being used
Commissioning Process
1.
Once the fiber is connected and verified, turn FOI RF power on.
Connect only one fiber port at a time and complete naming of remote. Otherwise, a second person will be
needed at the remotes to identify the remote when “Locate Me” is enabled. This can be eliminated with good
project management and labeling during the installation process.
Figure 108 FOI RF On
FOI
RF
Control
2.
95
Enable the appropriate optical ports on the 4‐port FOI
Only enable the optical ports that are being used. Otherwise, the system will alarm with low optical levels on
the unused ports.
Commissioning
Figure 109 Enable FOI Optical Ports
Enable
FOI
Optical
Ports
3.
Go to FOI status and note RX Opto power UL. 
The laser transmits at 5000 uW. The difference between the 5000 uW transmit level and the receive level is the
loss on the fiber.
Figure 110 RX Optical Power
RX
Optical
Power
a.
Starting with software release 3.9, there is an option to have the GUI calculate the fiber loss.
Figure 111 Calculated Optical Loss, Software version 3.9
DL and UL
Optical
Loss
96
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Uplink
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Set all values at default (factor setting may vary due to individual testing before shipping) for all bands
a. BIU: ‐10dB
b. FOI: ‐6, ‐6, ‐6
c. FOR: +12
d. Amp: +35 for low loss fiber, +45 for high loss fiber
Start with adjusting the high frequency band.
Turn RF on at the BIU. Ensure that only the RF strips being used have RF turned on.
Go to the FOR and turn the UL test tone on. Note the level being transmitted and the frequency. The level is set
at the factory to compensate for losses between the RU output port and the amplifier. Levels will vary unit by
unit.
Connect spectrum analyzer to the BIU BTS port and tune to the UL test tone frequency.
Measure the test tone level. Initial goal should be to set the UL test tone at the BIU BTS port to the same level
as being transmitted at the RU (zero dB system gain).
a. To reduce gain, it is recommended to adjust the attenuators in the BIU UL path. This will further
reduce UL noise.
b. To increase gain, it is recommended to adjust the gain in the RU UL path.
Note: Do not drive the FOR UL laser with more than 0dBm RF input. Recommended FOR UL input level
is approximately ‐5dBm.
7.
c. The BIU UL input will be permanently damaged with signals stronger than +13dBm.
Record UL test tone level received in the spectrum analyzer. After all remote units on the sector have UL levels
set, the remotes will need to be balanced against each other (all are hitting the BTS UL at the same level).
Levels should be within about 1dB of each other.
Downlink
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
97
Set all values at default (factor setting may vary due to individual testing before shipping)
a. BIU: ‐15dB
b. FOI: ‐3, ‐3
c. FOR: +10
d. Amp: To be set based on actual input
Suggestion: Set FOR DL ALC level to one dB less than amp rating if unit alarms on DL.
a. A 43dB amplifier would have an ALC level set to +42.
Set BIU DL level to compensate for ICU interconnection loss. Do not exceed +10dB output of the BIU in the DL
path (will cause IM).
a. Suggest setting at maximum of +5dB output of the BUI.
b. Note there is 13 dB of inherent loss in the BIU. With 0dB settings in the BIU DL attenuators a 30dB
input signal will have an output of +17dB (30dB input minus 13dB inherent loss = 17dB). Adjust
attenuators so that BIU is approximately +5dB as a start.
c. Variations in the BTS input levels for loading must be taking into consideration. Full load and no load
power levels differ greatly. Do not allow the BTS to overdrive the BIU.
Adjust FOI attenuator levels in the DL path so that the RF input into the DL laser is approximately ‐5dB.
a. Note that the 0dB max into the laser is a composite level for all bands. By setting each band at ‐5dB
then total composite should not exceed 0dB.
b. Take into consideration that each BIU has two RF strips/paths. These must be taken into consideration
when setting the FOI levels.
c. Calculate full load conditions for all bands being fed into the FOI. Incorrectly setting the levels will
impact the system during times of most usage.
Set the desired gain in the remote.
Commissioning
6.
7.
8.
Apply RF signal to the BIU BTS port.
Check Remote Unit FOR status "Set Gain", "Gain" and "Output Power".
Adjust "Set Gain" so that desired output power is achieved.
d. If "Gain" level is lower than "Set Gain" level in the status screen then the system is being over driven
and ALC is limiting the gain of the system. Reduce gain setting to the level displayed in "Set Gain".
Submit change and the review status screen. "Set Gain" and "Gain" levels should now be identical.
Bird VPN Access
Establishing secure VPN access for Bird/DeltaNode will allow for remote monitoring and advanced technical
support. The BGW is designed to communicate directly with the Bird/DeltaNode NOC via cloud access.
VPN Settings
1.
2.
Connect laptop to an open port on the DAS switch. Do not connect to the Console port.
Log into the BGW at 172.22.0.1.
Login Name: “extend”
Password: “admin”
3.
4.
Click “Configuration,” see Figure 112.
Click “External Comm.”
Figure 112 Certificate Entry
5.
6.
Click “Certificate Handling.”
Click “Browse” next to upload Certificate for Secondary CGW.
Only make setting changes to the Secondary CGW. The Primary CGW is reserved for customer CGW access.
98
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
7.
8.
Select the check box next to the 10##.crt file. See Figure 113.
Click"Insert"
Figure 113 Certificate Selection
9.
Select "Browse" for the File name for certificate key. SeeFigure 114.
Figure 114 Key Entry
10. Select the check box next to the "10##.key" file. See Figure 115.
11. Select "Insert"
Figure 115 Key Selection
10
11
99
Commissioning
12. Select Ext. Ethernet Tab
13. Select the check box for “Use eth0 for Internet (WAN).”
This ensures external Ethernet connections are allowed.
Figure 116 External Ethernet
12
13
14. Select DNS Forwarders tab.
15. Select radio button for “Dynamic, assigned by eth0.”
Note: The Bird maintained CGW is not able to hostname check a DNS2 IP address of 8.8.2.2, 4.2.2.4 or
4.2.25. Please change to something like Google's 8.8.4.4 or 8.8.8.8
Figure 117 DNS Forwarders
14
15
16.
17.
18.
19.
Select VPN Settings tab to verify that the VPN settings are correctly set.
Select check box “Log VPN Connections”
Type “nemo3.deltanode.com” into the Secondary CGW setting for FQON or IP address.
Select check box “Activate a VPN service tunnel.” This selection is only on available on older software versions.
Figure 118 VPN Settings
16
17
nemo3.deltanode.com
18
19
100
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
20.
21.
22.
23.
Click on “Status/Statistics.”
Select the “Communication Control” tab.
Select the check box next to “VPN Restart.”
Click “Restart.”
Figure 119 VPN Restart
20
21
22
23
24. After about 10 minutes, the BGW should start communicating with the Bird/DeltaNode CGW.
25. Click on Status/Statistics
26. Select the Ethernet Status tab. 
Both "eth0" and "eth1" should show connectivity. Figure 120 shows good communications in "eth0" between
the BGW and a 3G modem. "eth1" shows good communications between the 3G modem and the Bird/
DeltaNode CGW.
Figure 120 Ethernet Status
101
Commissioning
Wireless Modem Setup
Due to variances with different wireless modem manufacturers, settings may vary from modem to modem. A
general understanding of network settings is required. Below are a few typical settings that will need to be
configured.
Modem DHCP
DHCP will need to be enabled so that the wireless modem can assign an IP address to the BGW. Be sure to enter the
stop and end IP address as seen in the image.
Figure 121 Modem DHCP Configuration
Modem VPN Tunnels
The BGW communicates back to the CGW via a VPN tunnel. The wireless modem must enable VPN pass through.
Figure 122
Modem VPN Settings
Modem Port Forwarding
Set up the modem so that it forwards TCP port 443.
BGW Configuration
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Connect IP modem to the External WAN port on the BGW.
Click Configuration. See Figure 123.
Click External Comm.
Select 3G‐Modem tab.
Select the “Use 3G Modem” check box.
102
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Figure 123 BGW Configuration - 3G Modem Setup
6.
7.
Select the VPN Settings tab.
Select the “Activate a VPN service tunnel” check box, if not already selected.
Note: Older software versions of the BGW do not offer VPN service tunnels. Contact Bird to order a
replacement BGW.
Figure 124 BGW Configuration - VPN Setting
8.
9.
Select the DNS Forwarders tab. See Figure 125 on page 104.
Select either:
 "Dynamic, assigned by eth0" or

103
"Static addresses". Enter 8.8.8.8 in the Forwarding to (DNS1).
Commissioning
Figure 125 BGW Configuration - DNS Forwarders Setting
10.
11.
12.
13.
Select the Ext. Ethernet tab
Select "Use eth0 for internet" and "Static IP address" check boxes.
Record the existing IP setting in case rolling back to original settings is required.
Enter the IP addresses information:
IP Address: 192.168.0.10
Netmask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway IP Address: 192.168.0.1
Figure 126 BGW Configuration - External Ethernet Setting
10
11
13
14. After all the setting have been configured, power cycle the wireless modem.
15. Click on "Status/Statistics." See Figure 127 on page 105.
16. Select the "Ethernet Status" tab. 
Verifiy that "etho" has been assigned a valid IP address.
104
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Figure 127 BGW Configuration - Ethernet Status
16
15
Rolling Back Modem Configuration
If the external modem is no longer required the configuration can quickly be rolled back.
1. Click on Configuration. See Figure 128.
2. Click on External Comm.
3. Select the Ext Ethernet tab.
4. Enter original IP addresses that used prior to installing the modem.
Figure 128 Rollback Modem IP Addresses
5.
6.
Select the DNS Forwarders tab. See Figure 129 on page 105.
Select the "No" radio button.
Figure 129 Stop DNS Forwarding
105
Commissioning
Setup local Network UDP Ports for CGW Access
In order for the Bird/DeltaNode CGW to be able to make contact with the BGW ensure that the customer IT
department has OpenVPN with UPD ports 1194 to 1199. This allows Bird/DeltaNode static IP address to access the
BGW.
Local Connection to Remote Unit
A technician can directly connect a laptop to the remote unit. This is useful when the technician is at the remote
unit troubleshooting. The direct connection is also very useful when there is no fiber connectivity to the remote
unit and the installer needs to test and program the remote unit during the installation process.
Note: By directly logging in the remote unit and programming the name of the remote there is less
chance of confusion when all the remotes are connecting to the Master Unit.
1.
Set laptop to a static IP address; something along the lines of
 IP address 169.254.48.11


2.
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Gateway 169.254.0.1
Connect RJ45 Ethernet cable to the laptop and the Ethernet port on the remote.
Figure 130 Remote Unit Ethernet Port
Ethernet
Port
3.
Use any web browser to connect to the remote unit starting with http://169.254.48.1.
The remote unit has a default IP address of 169.254.48.1 to .10. If the login menu does not appear try the next
sequential IP address (http://169.254.48.2). Continue trying the next IP address until the login menu appears.
Figure 131 Remote Unit Login Screen
4.
When the login menu appears type in the default credentials:
 Username: “extended”

5.
Password: “admin”
The GUI menus will be the same as when connecting to the remote through the BGW.
106
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Local Connection to Remote Unit with Two FOR's
Some remote units are built with 2 FOR boards. This would occur in applications where one chassis contains: MIMO
paths, multiple amplifiers of the same band, amplifiers fed from different FOI cards or other special applications. The
2 FOR boards share the one Ethernet connector on the remote unit. A standard Ethernet cable will only access FOR
[0]. A custom cable is required to access FOR [1] board.
To build a cable to access both FOR units you will need the following items.




Wire cutters
Wire strippers
Electrical tape
Two Ethernet cables with RJ‐45 Connectors
Build a Custom Cable
1.
Cut both Ethernet cables in half.
Three sections will be needed.
2.
3.
4.
Strip back the insulation on each wire about 0.5 inch/13mm.
Twist the color pairs together as shown in Figure 132 on page 108.
Use electrical tape to cover the connections so bare wire do not touch.
Unused cable strands can be cut.
5.
6.
Secure the splice with electrical tape so that stress does not pull the wire pairs apart.
Clearly mark each connector to distinguish which connector is attached to the remote and which connector
plugs into the laptop for FOR [0] and FOR [1].
107
Commissioning
Figure 132 Custom Cable for Connecting to two FOR systems
Top:
12345 678
Front:
12345678
Connection to BGW from Remote Unit
The technician has the ability to connect to the BGW from the remote unit. This eases troubleshooting and
programming by not having to return to the BGW location for direct access.
1. Enable the laptop DHCP settings.
2. Connect RJ45 Ethernet cable to the Ethernet port on the remote.
The FOI will detect that a device has connected to the FOR and will assign an IP address to the
the laptop in the range of 172.22.108.49‐62.
Note: It may take up to 15 minutes for the FOI to assign an IP address to the laptop.
3.
4.
Using an Internet browser connect to 172.22.0.1
When the login menu appears type in the default credentials:
 Username: "extended"

Password: "admin".
108
Chapter 6
RF Commissioning
In order to make the process more clear for this part of the manual we will consider setting up a fictitious system,
but based on a standard approach at doing Fiber‐DAS. The system that we are considering will have two frequency
bands, let’s assume GSM 900 MHz and UMTS 2100 MHz. The example will have 2 sectors with two remotes in each
sector. Of course your system may look different, be more or less complex but in order to make it clear how the
system is set up this should provide you with a starting point.
Setting up the uplink
Setting up the uplink means to adjust the system for an optimal working point from the antenna port of the Remote
Unit to the actual input on the Radio Base Station. This can be done in different ways depending on how the system
is designed. We will here discuss a standard set‐up starting with a small block schematic showing how the system is
connected.
Figure 133 System Interconnect Diagram
 
  
 
  

 
  



 

  
 






The main parameter that we will be discussing is the ”net gain” of the system. This means the total change in signal
from the Remote Unit antenna port to the receiver port on the base station. There are different ways of setting this
system up but we will look at a 0 dB net gain system which is a good starting point for most systems.
The system gain can be calculated as the gain in the Remote Unit – Loss on fiber + FOI gain – ICU loss + BIU gain –
coupler loss. Basically this takes form of a link budget and here is an example:
Table 68 Example Link Budget
Unit/Component
Remote Unit (RU)
Fiber‐Optic Cable
FOI
ICU
BIU
Coupler
Gain/Loss (dB)
Accumulated Gain/Loss (dB)
40
40
-10
30
20
50
-35
15
15
-15
Basically this means that whatever is input at the antenna will also be seen at the same level for the Radio Base
Station receiver. This is not a bad starting point but does not take into account the noise load on the base station
which will increase somewhat with this setup.
109
RF Commissioning
Noise load on Radio Base Station
The system will inevitably add some noise to the receiver. When properly set up the noise figure in a system like this
will be better than 3 dB. However, if the gain is improperly set up (i.e. not enough gain in the remote, too much gain
in the head‐end) it is possible to create a very bad noise figure. In order to avoid this the Fiber‐DAS Calculator should
be used to calculate the noise figure of the system in the uplink.
If you have not familiarized yourself with the Fiber‐DAS Calculator, do so before moving on in this manual. The
figures in the Fiber‐DAS calculator relate to the settings of all steps in the chain. By using the calculator, you can
determine the proper settings once you know the fiber loss between the Remote Unit and the headend.
Let us assume your have arrived at a Noise Figure (NF) of 3 dB for this chain. However your system may contain
more remotes, perhaps connected like the system in Figure 134.
Figure 134 Multiple RU Connection Diagram
 
  
  
 
  
 








!
 

 






  

Now the noise load can be calculated by adding the noise contribution from each step of the chain. Below is an
example of noise figures from each of the remotes:
Table 69 Noise Load
Chain
RU 1
RU 2
RU 3
RU 4
NF
Gain
Noise Load
2.8
0.0
2.8
3.2
1.0
4.2
3.8
-2.0
1.8
2.6
-1.0
Sum of Noise Load
1.6
8.7
Base Station
Fiber‐DAS Noise Load
Total Noise into BTS
4.0
Desensitization
-5.5
8.0
9.5
Add your figures to the sheet in the Fiber‐DAS calculator and it will calculate it for you.
110
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
What we see here is that if we set the system up in this fashion we will desensitize the base station with about 5,5
dB. This can be okay if the base station coverage is only through the Fiber‐DAS system but if the base station is also
being used for outdoor coverage it is not good. We need to change the net gain to reflect this. In general we should
lower the gain so that we desensitize the BTS only about 3 dB. This value is a good compromise and similar to adding
a second antenna to the same receiver port (which is kind of what we are doing with the Fiber‐DAS).
Here are the new values:
Table 70 Adjusted Noise Load
Chain
RU 1
RU 2
RU 3
RU 4
NF
Gain
Noise Load
2.8
-5.5
-2.2
3.2
-5.5
-1.8
3.8
-5.5
-1.2
2.6
-5.5
-2.4
Sum of Noise Load
4.1
Base Station
Fiber‐DAS Noise Load
Total Noise into BTS
4.0
Desensitization
-3.1
4.1
7.1
As you can see we should set the system up with a net gain of about ‐5 dB. Going back to the settings we had before
which was:
Table 71 Example Link Budget
Unit/Component
Remote Unit (RU)
Fiber‐Optic Cable
FOI
ICU
BIU
Coupler
Gain/Loss (dB)
Accumulated Gain/Loss (dB)
40
40
-10
30
20
50
-35
15
15
-15
We only need to change the BIU setting using the attenuators in the BIU to lower the gain with 5 dB. This will
accomplish what we need to do and the uplink should then be commissioned.
111
RF Commissioning
Practical approach
Now that we know what we should have we can easily set the system up. You need a spectrum analyzer to do this
and it is easiest to connect it into the BIU port. Remember that when you measure here, the signal should also go
through the BTS coupler before it reaches the base station receiver port. Therefore you should expect to read a
value that is
Your expected gain + the loss in your coupler
If you want a net gain of ‐5 dB and you have a 15 dB coupler, you should read a net gain of +10 on the BIU port. This
is now what we are going to use in the following example.
 
  
  
 
  
 








!
 

 





 
 "#

  

Turn on the RF
Connect to the BIU and turn on the RF. Set the attenuator in the medium range for the uplink that you are
measuring. This allows you later to adjust it up and down as necessary to get the correct gain for the uplink chain.
Setting them to 10 dB is a good idea. DL supervision can be left as is for now and also DL attenuation which we will
set up later.
Connect to the FOI card and select Opto and RF – RF Config and set it up according to your Fiber‐DAS calculator
settings. Do not forget to turn RF on.
112
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
Next step is to connect to the remote unit and set it up for test measurement in the uplink.
In this screen you should also turn RF on, set the gain to about 35 dB as a starting point and then turn on the uplink
test tone. Note the frequency of the test tone, this is the frequency you should be measuring on your spectrum
analyzer.
113
RF Commissioning
Turn on the spectrum analyzer, make sure it is connected to the right port on the right BIU and then find the
frequency. A reasonable span is 1 MHz and the receiver band width can be set to 30 kHz or similar. Use the marker to
measure the peak of the signal. Then go to the next screen on the remote unit, the RF Status screen.
What we are looking for here is the Test tone Level. Note this down as well, next to the frequency of the test tone
you noted earlier.
CAUTION
Turn Off Test Tone
Do not forget to turn off the test tone when you are done with your uplink. Better check one extra time. They will
otherwise interfere with the normal operation of the system by causing noise to the base station.
Then check your spectrum analyzer. Assuming your test tone level is ‐62,6 dBm as in this example your spectrum
analyzer may show ‐58,2 dBm. Calculating the net gain between the RU and the BIU will then yield ‐58,2 ‐ ‐62,5 = 4,3
dB. Subtract the coupler between the BIU and the radio base station which in this example was 15 dB and we get ‐
19,3 dB as our net gain.
We wanted ‐10 dB so we have 9,3 dB too low gain. We should then increase the gain and the best place to do this
would be in the remote unit by setting the gain at 35 + 9,3 = 44,3 which we will round to 44 dB.
That uplink is now finished and we will repeat the settings for all of our uplink, one at a time.
114
Chapter 7
Model Identification
System Model Numbers
FOR 2 Band 1
Wavelength FOR 3
FOR 3 Band 1
Optical Split
Wavelength FOR 2
B 1 2
CWDM
FOR 1 Band 2
A D W
FOR 1 Band 1
Wavelength FOR 1
WDM
G 0 C 0
Connectors
Voltage
G 0 C 0
Duplexed
Frequency
Duplexed
Frequency
Duplexed
Frequency
Duplexed
Frequency
Number of Bands
Sub-family
Product Family
D D R 4
W U B C S
Family:
Frequency:
Voltage:
Wavelength of Uplink:
CWDM (option):
DDU - 46 dBm Full Band
R - FM Radio
DDH - 43 dBm Full Band
V - VHF (136-174)
A - Universal AC
(86-264 AC/DC)
(FOR2 and FOR3 are optional to
support multiple ber links)
DDS - 41 dBm Single Carrier
T - Tetra (380-400)
D - 48 VDC
A - 1270
DDR - 33 dBm Full Band
M - Gov (406-420)
WUxxxx - combine multiple
uplink ber interfaces onto one
ber - each x denotes a
wavelength (absence of xxxx
implies all UL wavelengths)
DDL - 23 dBm Full Band
B - Tetra (410-415/420-425)
Connectors:
C - 1310 (default C if omitted)
DDX - Mixed Power Levels
O - Tetra (415-420/425-430)
N - N-type Connectors
D - 1330
X - CDMA450 (453-457.5/463-467.5)
D - 7/16 DIN
E - 1350
U - UHF (450-470)
M - Mini DIN
F - 1370
Number of Bands:
Q - 500MHz T-Band (470-512)
L - Lower 700
H - Higher 700
G - 700 Full Band
B - 1290
WDxxxx - split to multiple
downlink ber interfaces from
one ber - each x denotes a
wavelength (absence of xxxx
implies all DL wavelengths)
G - 1390
Optical Split (option):
H - 1410
WDM:
W - Duplexed (UL and DL on
the same ber)
F - PS 700 (793-805) FirstNet & NB
I - 1430
Sx - split the ber at entry - to
daisy chain other remotes - x is
dB split (3dB equal split if absent)
J - 1450
K - 1470
S - 800 SMR
L - 1490
J - DD 800
M - 1510
C - Cell 850
N - 900 PS
N - 1530
Y - GSMR
O - 1550
Z - EGSM900
P - 1570
D - DCS (1800)
P - PCS
FOR Bands:
I - UMTS (1900/2100)
(if omitted than all bands on one
FOR)
A - AWS (1700/2100)
Bands for that ber link (in order
as appear in model #)
i.e. C123 would be standard FOI
driving bands 1, 2, and 3
K - AWS & AWS3
E - IMT-E (2600)
Duplexed or DDX Pwr Lvl:
0 - Non-duplexed
1 - Duplexed
For DDX use:
For DDX Pwr Lvl 0 - 9:
0 - Non-duplexed (DDU)
1 - Duplexed (DDU)
2 - Non-duplexed (DDL)
3 - Duplexed (DDL)
4 - Non-Duplexed (DDH)
5 - Duplexed (DDH)
6 - Non-duplexed (DDS)
7 - Duplexed (DDS)
8 - Non-duplexed (DDR)
9 - Duplexed (DDR)
Examples:
DDR4-GC0-PA1-AD — 4 band, 33dBm power output per band, Full band 700 combined with Cell 850 non
duplexed, PCS combined with AWS duplexed, AC powered, 7/16 DIN, 1310nm uplink
DDR4-GC0-PA1-AD-B12-C34-WUBCS — 4 band, 33dBm power output per band, Full band 700 combined
with Cell 850 non duplexed, PCS combined with AWS duplexed, AC powered, 7/16 DIN, Bands 1 and 2 (700 and 850)
1290nm uplink, Bands 2 and 3 (PCS & AWS) 1310nm uplink, CWDM, fiber split (3dB) for daisy chained remotes
115
Model Identification
Remote End Unit Part Numbers
Note: The remote end units are completely integrated at the factory, there is no field assembly other
than mounting and cable connection. Modules should not be altered once deployed.
Public Safety DDR Module Numbers
Part Number
MOD‐DDR‐V
MOD‐DDR‐U
MOD‐DDR‐Q
MOD‐DDR‐F
MOD‐DDR‐S
Frequency Band
VHF ‐ 136‐174MHz
UHF ‐ 450‐470MHz
T‐Band ‐ 470‐512MHz
700Mhz PS
800MHz PS
IC Certification Number
110141A‐DDR1V
110141A‐DDR1U
110141A‐DDR1Q
110141A‐DDR1F
110141A‐DDR1S
Cellular DDR Module Numbers
Part Number
MOD‐DDR‐G
MOD‐DDR‐C
MOD‐DDR‐P
MOD‐DDR‐A
MOD‐DDR‐E
Frequency Band
700 cell full band
850 cell band
1900 PCS
2100AWS
2600
IC Certification Number
110141A‐DDR700FB
110141A‐DDR850
110141A‐DDR1900
110141A‐DDR2100
110141A‐DDR2600
116
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)
117

---

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Title                           : Fiber Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
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Subject                         : DAS, DDR, Fiber-DAS
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