Deltanode Solutions DDR003 700MHz Full Band Cellular Remote (33dBm) User Manual Fiber Distributed Antenna System DAS

Deltanode Solutions AB 700MHz Full Band Cellular Remote (33dBm) Fiber Distributed Antenna System DAS

Manual

Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS)Operation Manual©Copyright 2016 by Bird Technologies, Inc. Instruction Book Part Number 920-Fiber-DAS Rev. P1Delta Node® is a registered trademark of Delta Node Solutions Ltd. and Bird Technologies, Inc.
iSafety PrecautionsThefollowingaregeneralsafetyprecautionsthatarenotnecessarilyrelatedtoanyspecificpartorprocedure,anddonotnecessarilyappearelsewhereinthispublication.Theseprecautionsmustbethoroughlyunderstoodandapplytoallphasesofoperationandmaintenance.WARNINGKeepAwayFromLiveCircuitsOperatingPersonnelmustatalltimesobservegeneralsafetyprecautions.Donotreplacecomponentsormakeadjustmentstotheinsideofthetestequipmentwiththehighvoltagesupplyturnedon.Toavoidcasualties,alwaysremovepower.WARNINGShockHazardDonotattempttoremovetheRFtransmissionlinewhileRFpowerispresent.WARNINGDoNotServiceOrAdjustAloneUndernocircumstancesshouldanypersonreachintoanenclosureforthepurposeofserviceoradjustmentofequipmentexceptinthepresenceofsomeonewhoiscapableofrenderingaid.WARNINGSafetyEarthGroundAnuninterruptibleearthsafetygroundmustbesuppliedfromthemainpowersourcetotestinstruments.Groundingoneconductorofatwoconductorpowercableisnotsufficientprotection.Seriousinjuryordeathcanoccurifthisgroundingisnotproperlysupplied.WARNINGResuscitationPersonnelworkingwithornearhighvoltagesshouldbefamiliarwithmodernmethodsofresuscitation.WARNINGRemovePowerObservegeneralsafetyprecautions.Donotopentheinstrumentwiththepowerapplied.
SafetyPrecautionsiiSafety SymbolsNote: ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.Notsafetoviewwithopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.Callsattentiontosupplementalinformation.WARNINGWarningnotescallattentiontoaprocedure,whichifnotcorrectlyperformed,couldresultinpersonalinjury.CAUTIONCautionnotescallattentiontoaprocedure,whichifnotcorrectlyperformed,couldresultindamagetotheinstrument.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)iiiWarning StatementsThefollowingsafetywarningsappearinthetextwherethereisdangertooperatingandmaintenancepersonnelandarerepeatedhereforemphasis.Seepage38ForCMRS817‐824MHzApplications:Seepage38Seepage11Caution StatementsThefollowingequipmentcautionsappearinthetextandarerepeatedhereforemphasis.Seepage46WARNINGThisisNOTaconsumerdevice.ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEorexpressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.YouMUSTregisterClassBsignalboosters(asdefinedin47CFR90.219)onlineatwww.fcc.gov/signal‐boosters/registration.Unauthorizedusemayresultinsignificantforfeiturepenalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation.WARNINGThisisNOTaconsumerdevice.ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEorexpressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.Unauthorizedusemayresultinsignificantforfeiturepenalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation.WARNINGAvoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Notsafetoviewwithopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.CAUTIONTurnOffTestToneDonotforgettoturnoffthetesttonewhenyouaredonewithyouruplink.Bettercheckoneextratime.Theywillotherwiseinterferewiththenormaloperationofthesystembycausingnoisetothebasestation.
SafetyPrecautionsivSafety StatementsUSAGEANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION.USOEL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO.BENUTZUNGWIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.UTILISATIONTOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE FABRICANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE L’INSTRUMENT.IMPIEGOQUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO DIVERSO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)vSERVICESERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO.SERVICIOLAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO.WARTUNGANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL.ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN.ENTRENTIENL’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE FAIRE.ASSISTENZA TECNICALE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE QUALIFICATI A FARLA.
AboutThisManualviAbout This ManualThismanualcoverstheoperating&maintenanceinstructionsforthefollowingmodels:Changes to this ManualWehavemadeeveryefforttoensurethismanualisaccurate.Ifyoudiscoveranyerrors,orifyouhavesuggestionsforimprovingthismanual,pleasesendyourcommentstoourSolon,Ohiofactory.Thismanualmaybeperiodicallyupdated.Wheninquiringaboutupdatestothismanualrefertothepartnumber:920‐Fiber‐DAS;andrevision:P1.Chapter LayoutIntroduction — DescribesthefundamentalsoftheDeltaNodeFiber‐DASandprovidesalistofcommonlyusedabbreviationsandacronyms.System Description — DescribestheMajorcomponentsthatmakeupaDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsystem.System Design — IntroducesLinkBudgetcalculations,andtheelementsofdesigningaFiber‐DASsystem.Installation Guidelines — ProvidesFCCrequirementsandsafetyconsiderationswheninstallingaDeltaNodeFiber‐DAS.Commissioning — ListsthepreparationsandequipmentrequiredtosuccessfullyinstallandcommissiontheDeltaNodeFiber‐DAS.RF Commissioning — ChaptercontainsusefuladviceonhowtodesignawellworkingsystemaswellasexamplesforfinetuninglinkabudgetandcontrollingnoiseinaDeltaNodeFiber‐DAS.Model Identification — ProvidesabreakdownoftheDeltaNodepartnumbersfortheFiber‐DASsystems.AtableofpartnumbersusedforRemoteUnitsisalsoprovided.DeltaNodeFiber‐DAS
1Table of ContentsSafetySymbols................................................................................iiWarningStatements...........................................................................iiiCautionStatements...........................................................................iiiSafetyStatements..............................................................................ivChangestothisManual.........................................................................viChapterLayout................................................................................viChapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1RFonfiber....................................................................................1Definitions....................................................................................2Chapter 2 System Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4MasterUnit...................................................................................4MasterFrameUnit(MFU)....................................................................4BaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU)...............................................................6PointofInterconnect(POI) ..................................................................10FiberOpticInterface(FOI)unit...............................................................11PSU–therackpowersupply.................................................................15BaseStationMasterunitGateway(BGW)......................................................16RGW–thecompactremotegateway..........................................................17RemoteUnit(RU).............................................................................18DDR.....................................................................................19DDS.....................................................................................22DDH.....................................................................................23DMU–Remoteheadend...................................................................25Chapter 3 System design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27TheBasics...................................................................................27LinkBudgets.................................................................................27Downlink.................................................................................28Uplink....................................................................................28Multiplebands...............................................................................33Multipleoperators............................................................................34Basestationinterface.......................................................................34RemoteUnit..............................................................................34FOI......................................................................................34POI......................................................................................34Fullsystemexample...........................................................................35Chapter 4 Installation guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38HealthandSafety.............................................................................38InstallingtheMasterUnitandRemotes...........................................................38SafetyandCareforfibers......................................................................39Chapter 5 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Preparations.................................................................................40Necessarytools............................................................................40Software.................................................................................40Chapter 6 RF Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Settinguptheuplink..........................................................................41NoiseloadonRadioBaseStation.............................................................42Practicalapproach.........................................................................44
2Chapter 7 Model Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47SystemModelNumbers........................................................................47RemoteEndUnitPartNumbers.................................................................48PublicSafetyDDRModuleNumbers..........................................................48CellularDDRModuleNumbers...............................................................48
1Chapter 1 IntroductionThismanualcontainsbothguidelinesonhowtodesignasystemusingtheDeltaNodefiberdistributedantennasystem(Fiber‐DAS)conceptandhowtoinstall,commissionandmaintainsuchasystemforthelifespanoftheentireinstallation.Itwillalsocontainmanybitsofinformationregardinggeneralpracticesintheindustryaswellasotherinformation.Whenothermanufacturershaveconvertedoff‐airrepeatersintofiber‐fedrepeaters,DeltaNodehasdevelopedtheconceptfromscratchwithfiberdistributioninmindfromthestart.Thisallowsforextremelygoodradioperformanceandweareproudofthebestinclassnoisefigureoflessthan3dBforthewholesystem,remoteunitantennaporttobasestationinterfaceport.TheFiber‐DASfromDeltaNodeisalsoextremelyflexibleinitssolutionmeaningthatthesystemcanbetailoredforalmostanyneeds.Becauseoftheflexibilitytherearealsomanyparametersthatcanbechangedbytheuser.Thismanualattemptstoexplainnotonlywhattheydo,butalsohowtosetthemproperly.Fiber-DAS calculator — TogetherwiththismanualyoushouldhavetheaidoftheFiber‐DAScalculator,thisisanExcelspreadsheetwiththefollowingfeaturesgivingameasureonhowwellthesystemwillperform:SystemNoiseFigurecalculatorIntermodulationperformancecalculatorUplink/DownlinkBalanceDynamicheadroomRF on fiberAfiberdistributedantennasystem(Fiber‐DAS)isaveryefficientwayoftransmittingradiosignalsoverlargedistances.Uptoabout25kmoffiberbetweenthehead‐endandtheremoteunitisallowed,providingthattheradioaccesstechnology(RAN)donotsuffertimingissuesandthatthefiberlossiswithinthespecification.Themainprincipleistouseaninfra‐redlightsourcewhichismodulatedwiththecombinedradiosignalsthatneedstobepropagated.Thefiberchannelsystemisultrawide‐band,rangingfrom88MHzupto2600MHzandthuscoveringmosttypesofradiocommunicationsystemssuchasFMbroadcast,VHFcommunicationradios,TETRA,GSM,CDMA,WCDMAandotherradioaccesstechnologiesthatareavailable.Thedynamicofthefiberisgoodenoughtotoleratemulti‐carrier,multi‐bandandmulti‐operatorsolutionsthisway,butofcoursetheyallsharetheavailabledynamicsandifthereareaverylargenumberofcarriersthefiberattenuationneedstobelookedatofcourse.BecausemostlandmobileradiosystemsandcellularsystemsareusingFrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD)thismeansthatthereneedstobeeithertwoseparatefibers,onefortheuplink(signalsfromtheterminaltowardsthebasestation)andforthedownlink(signalsfromtheradiobasestationtowardstheterminal)ortheymaybemultiplexedonthesamefiberusingdifferentwavelengths.DeltaNodeFiber‐DASusewave‐lengthdivisionmultiplexing(WDM)asthenormalconfigurationfeaturingthefollowing:.SinglemodefiberAngledconnectorsOpticalloss<15dBNote: SeparateUL/DLfiberscanbeusedifitisnecessaryordesired.Becausethemodulationisanaloguethesystemrequiresthefiberstobeofsinglemodetype.AllconnectorsusedinDeltaNodeequipmentforFiber‐DASareofSC‐APCtypewitha7°angle.ItisveryimportantthatallconnectorsinpatchesetceterabetweentheMasterUnit(MU)andtheRemoteUnit(RU)areangled,otherwisereflectionsarecausedwhichwillcauseproblemswiththequalityofthesignalsthroughthesystem.
Introduction2DefinitionsThefollowingabbreviations,industrystandardlingoandacronymsareusedinthisdocument.BGW BasestationGatewayBIUBasestationinterface.AlsoknownastheDIU.ItistheelectricalinterfacebetweentheMasterUnit(MU)andtheoperatorradiobasestationoranothersourcefortheradiosignals,suchasaoff‐airrepeater.BTS SeeRBS.DAS Adistributedantennasystem.Severalantennasconnectedtogetherinacoaxialnetworksothatseveralantennascanbefedasignalfromacentrallocation.DL See“Downlink”Downlink Thesignalsthataretransmittedfromabasestationtowardsaterminal(phone).FiberInthisdocumentitreferstothetelecommunicationfibersusedtotransmitmodulatedlightaspulsesoranaloguevariationsonaglassfiber.TheDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsystemshouldusesingle‐modefiberalways.Fiber‐DASAgeneralnamefordistributionsystemsusingradiofrequencyonfiber(RFonFiber)technology.DASmeans“DistributedAntennaSystem”whichreferstothepracticeofbuilding“spreadingnets”withcoaxialcables,splittersandantennastocoverlargerstructures.FOI Fiber‐opticinterface.AlsoknownasDOI(DeltaNodeOpticalInterface)FOR Fiber‐opticremoteinterface,partoftheRemoteUnitconnectingtothefiber.GSM GlobalSystemforMobileCommunicationsiDEN IntegratedDigitalEnhancedNetworkLTE LongTer mEvolutionMUMasterUnit.Thisisarackthatcontainsallthemodulesthatbuildsuptotheheadendinthesystem.ThisiswheretheradiobasestationsinterfacetotheFiber‐DASsystem.Thisisalsowherethedownlinksignalsfromthebasestationsareconvertedintolaserlightandsentoverthefiber‐opticstotheRemoteUnit(RU)andtheuplinksignalsfromtheRUareconvertedtoradiofrequencysignalsandtransmittedtotheradiobasestation(RBS,BTS).POI PointofInterconnect,RFsplitter/combinerunitQMA TypeofRFConnector.QuickdisconnectversionofSMARFConnectors.SeeSMARBS RadioBaseStation.Theinfrastructureunitnormallyconnectedtotheantennasintheradioaccessnetwork(RAN)andsometimescalledjustBaseStationorBaseTransceiverStation(BTS).RGW RemoteGatewayUnitRURemoteUnit.Thisistheunitclosesttotheantennathatconvertsthedownlinksignalfromthefibertoradiofrequenciesanddistributesitovertheantennasystem.Inthereverse,theuplinkradiofrequenciesareconvertedtomodulatedlaserlightandtransmittedbacktotheMasterUnit(MU).SC‐APCThetypeofconnectorusedforallDeltaNodeopticalequipment.ItisrecommendedthatallconnectorsbetweentheMUandtheRUareofthistype.SC‐APcanalsobeacceptedinpatchpanels.AllconnectorsMUSTBEANGLEDtoavoidsignalreflectionsthataredetrimentaltothesignalquality.Fibersneedtobeofsingle‐modetype.SinglemodefiberAfiberwherethelightataspecifiedrangeofwavelengthsonlyhaveasinglepaththrough.ThisisrequiredforanaloguemodulatedsystemssuchastheDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsystemSMA Sub‐miniatureversionA.ATypeofRFConnector.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)3Switch Anetworkswitchisacomputernetworkingdevicethatconnectsdevicestogetheronacomputernetwork.TETRA TerrestrialTrunkedRadio.TETRAusesTimeDivisionMultipleAccess(TDMA)withfouruserchannelsononeradiocarrierand25kHzspacingbetweencarriers.UL See“Uplink”UMTSUniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystemisasystemwherebroadbandsignalingandpacketeddataareused.Thestandardsarehandledinthe3GPPgroupandthemostcommontypeofmodulationisWCDMA.UplinkThesignalsthataretransmittedfromtheterminal(phone)towardsthebasestation.SC‐PC Atypeoffiber‐opticconnectorwhichisnotangledandshouldnotbeusedwithDeltaNodeFiber‐DASSC‐UPC Ultra‐polishedfiber‐opticconnector.NotrecommendedwithDeltaNodeFiber‐DASRFRadioFrequencies,denominatestherangeoftransversalelectromagneticwaveswithafrequencyfrom3kHzto300GHz.Theupperendofthespectrumisoftenreferredtoasmicrowavefrequencies.WCDMAW‐CDMAWidebandCodeDivisionMultipleAccessisatechnologyemployedbybasestationmanufacturerswhomakeUMTSbasestations.Thistechnologyiscommonlyusedin3GnetworksandthemainmodulationemployedinEurope.
4Chapter 2 System DescriptionTheFiber‐DASsystemconsistsoftwomajorparts.ThisistheMasterUnit(MU)andoneormoreRemoteUnits(RU)connectedtotheMasterUnitviaopticalfibers.EachRemoteUnitneedstobeconnectedtoafiber,butuptofourRU’scanshareasinglefiberlinkusingopticalsplitters.Master UnitTheMasterUnitconsistsofa19‐inchrackwithmodulesthatareselecteddependingonthesystemdesign.GenerallyallMasterUnitscontain:Powersupply,AtleastoneBaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU)AtleastoneFiber‐OpticInterfacecard(FOI)PointofInterconnect(POI)Networkswitch‐connectscommunicationspathsbetweenthemodulesRemoteGatewayUnit(RGW)ortheBaseStationGatewayUnit(BGW)‐RGWisasmallercompactembeddedsolutionwhiletheBGWisafullfeaturedLinuxserverthatcanbesetupinmanydifferentwaysThemasterunitwillassignIPaddressestoallthesubunitsintherackandalsofortheRemoteUnitswhentheyareconnectedtothesystemviathebuildinDHCPserverpresentintheRGWandBGWmodules.Thisiswillconfigureitselfautomaticallyandcreateaprotectedsub‐netforthesystemitselfthatshouldnotbeconnecteddirectlytoaLAN.Forremotesupervisionagateway(RGWorBGW)isinstalled.ThegatewayactsasafirewallandwillmakesurethattheinternaltrafficinthesystemstaysinternalandthatthewebinterfaceformonitoringandsupervisionaswellasSNMPtrapforwardishandledasexpected.Eachofthemoduleswillbedescribedinthefollowingsections.Master Frame Unit (MFU) TheMasterFrameUnit(MFU)housesthePowerSupplies,FOIcardsandBIUs.Figure1showsanMFUequippedwith3BIUs,6FOIsandonePowerSupply.Figure 1 Master Frame Unit
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)5Functional descriptionOneMFUsupportsseveralmoduleswhichcanbeplacedanywhereintheframeorasacombinationofseveraldifferenttypesofunitsinaframe.Thereare16UpositionsintheMFUthatcanbeutilized,eachmoduletypehasadifferentwidth(seeeachmodule’sspecifications)sothenumberofmodulethatwillfitinanMFUvaries.OneMFUcanhouseupto4powersuppliesor8basestationinterfacecardsor16fiber‐opticinterfacecards.SeeTable1.EachMFUneedsatleastonepowersupply,buttheydonotnecessarilyhavetobeplacedintheMFUthattheypower.QuiteoftenasystemhasmorethanonepowersupplyandtheyareusuallyplacedtogetherinoneMFUforeasyaccess.EachMFUhastwomolexconnectorsthatcanbeconnectedtoapowersupply.Thisallowsforaprimaryandaredundantpowersupplytobeconnectedtoittoensureoperationevenifonepowersupplyshouldfail.TheMFUalsocontainsfansusedtoventilatetheunitshousedintheframe.ThesearehighqualityfansthathaveahighMTBF.Table 1 MFU SpecificationsParameter ValueInputvoltage 28VDCPowerconnector Molex,10PinEthernetconnector RJ45Weight(withoutmodules) 2.5kgTemperaturerange,Operational 0‐45°CWidth 19InchHeight 3UDepth 300mmMaximumnumberofmodulessupportedPSU 4BIU 8FOI 16
SystemDescription6Base Station Interface Unit (BIU) TheBaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU)istheinterfacebetweentheoperator’sbasestationandtheFiber‐DASsystem.ThismodulehasseveralRFconnectorsonthefrontpanelanditcontainsduplexfilters(optional)orseparateuplink/downlinkpathswhichcanbechosendependingontheneedsfortheconnectiontothebasestation.InmostcasestheduplexedversionwithacombinedDL/ULportisused.Figure 2 Base Station Interface Unit (BIU)Functional descriptionTheBIUhasfourSMAports(femaletype)toconnecttheRBS/BTS.IntheduplexedversioncombinedDL/ULconnectorsareusedtoconnecttotheRBS,andthereareULtest(TP)connectorspresentthatcanbeusedtomonitorthesignaloutfromtheBIU.IntheversionwithoutduplexfiltersthetestconnectorsreplacedbyULconnectorsandthenormallycombinedUL/DLconnectorsarereplacedbyDLonlyconnectors.TheBIUhasfourQMAports(femaletype)thatarenormallyusedtoconnectittoaPOI.Therearetwouplink(input)portsandtwodownlink(output,TX)ports.Thesearetwoseparatepaths,theisolationbetweenDL1andDL2is>50dBandtheisolationbetweentheUL1andUL2portsisalso>50dB.TherearetwoseparateRFpathsintheBIUandtheBIUisconfiguredatthefactoryforthespecificfrequencybanditwillserve.ThetwopathsintheBIUcannothavedifferentfrequencies;aGSM900BIUwillhavetwoGSM900pathsandcannotbecombinedwithan1800path.SeparatefrequenciesrequireanadditionalBIUcardtobeinserted.RFpatchcablesareusedtopatchtheDLandULpathstothePOI.ThereisanalarmportontheBIUwhich(futureupgrade)canbeusedtoconnectexternalalarms.ThisisaDB9femaleconnector.TheBIUistechnologyneutralandthedownlinkpathcontainssettableattenuatorsthatcanbeusedtoadjustthesignalstrengthtoproperlevelsbeforefeedingthemintothePOI.Intheuplinkthereisanamplifierfollowedbyasettableattenuatorusedtoadjustthesignalandthenoiselevelintothebasestationuplink.AllRFconnectionsaremadeonthefrontoftheBIU.ThemaximumrecommendedinputpowertotheBIUis30dBmandtherearehighpoweralarmsthatactivateat>30dBmandlowpoweralarmsat<10dBminputpower.Ahigherinputpowerthantherecommendedcancausetheunittofailpermanentlythusneedingreplacement.ItisthereforerecommendedthatforhighpowerbasestationanattenuatorisusedtoensurethattheinputpowertotheBIUcanneverexceedspecifications.Thereisa0dBminputversionoftheBIUavailableonrequest.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)7TheschematicinFigure3showstheblocksintheBIUforoneofthechannelsandhowthesignaldetectorforthedownlinklevelalarmsareconnected.Figure 3 Schematic of One BIU RF path Table2listsstandardcellularBIU’s.Otherconfigurationsareavailableuponrequestaswellasunitswithoutinternalduplexfiltering.Table 2 Standard variants of the BIUPart No Configuration ULMHzDLMHzBTSI/FDBI303 2xTETRA390MHz††. Severaloptionsexistsfor5MHzstandardbandsforTETRA380‐385 390‐395 DuplexDBI307 2x700MHZABC‐band 698‐716 728‐746 DuplexDBI308S 2xSMR800 806‐825 851‐870 DuplexDBI308 2x850MHz 824‐849 869‐894 DuplexDBI309 2x900MHz 880‐915 925‐960 DuplexDBI318 2x1800MHz 1710‐1785 1805‐1880 DuplexDBI319 2x1900MHz 1850‐1910 1930‐1990 DuplexDBI320 2xUMTS2100MHz 1920‐1980 2110‐2170 DuplexDBI321 2xAWS2100MHz 1710‐1755 2110‐2155 Duplex
SystemDescription8Table 3 RF and electrical performance of the BIUParameter Value UnitDownlinkattenuation Settable 10‐30±3dBUplinkGainformodules<1000MHz Settable 10to20±3dBUplinkGainformodules>1000MHz Settable ‐10to10±3dBIM3performance >55 dBMaxinputnon‐destructive >36 dBmHighinputalarmthresholdlevel 33 dBmLowinputalarmthresholdlevel 10 dBmInputreturnloss >20 dBImpedanceforallRFports 50 ΩIsolationbetweenports >60 dBPowerconsumption <15 WTemperaturerange 0‐45 °CTable 4 BIU mechanical specificationsParameter ValueBasestationRFports SMA,FemaleTestportsuplink(ifpresent) SMA,FemaleInterconnectingRFportstoPOI QMA,FemaleAlarmconnector DB9,FemaleDimensions,RackUnitWidth 2UHeight 3UBIU Indicator Operation TheBIUhastwoLEDslocatedonthefrontpanel.OneisthepoweronLED(green)andtheotheristhealarmLED(red).BothLEDsindicateanumberofstatesbydifferentflashingbehaviors.InanerrorstatethewebinterfaceshouldbeusedtochecktheactualconditionoftheBIUbuttheLEDsonthefrontcangiveyouaquickindicationonthestateoftheunit.ItisalsousefulforlocatingthephysicalunitifyouhaveseveralBIUsinstalledinthesamerack.Table 5 State ON LED ALARM LED NoteBooting 2Hz Off NormalbootBootingstandalonemode 2Hz 2Hz NotattachedtorackBootingreadofMACaddressfailed 2Hz On ErrorStarting 0,1Hz90%0,1Hz90% KernelstartupOperation 0,5Hz10%Off NormaloperationOperation 0,5Hz10%1Hz10% MinoralarmstateOperation 0,5Hz10%2Hz25% MajoralarmstateOperation 0,5Hz10%On CriticalalarmstateIndicator behavior
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)9Figure 4 BIU Interfaces  ! ""#### Item DescriptionThisisRFpathwheretheradiobasestation(RBS)isconnected(SMA)totheBIU.Donotexceedthepowerratinginthedownlinkfortheport.Thisisatestport(SMA)fortheuplink.ItshowstheuplinksignalintheDL/ULBTSport‐6dB.ThisportisreplacedbytheULportonanon‐duplexedversionoftheBIU.Thesearetheoutputports(QMA)forthedownlinksignalsaftertheyhavebeentreatedintheBIUwithattenuatorsandfilters.UplinksignalsareconnectedtotheBIUusingtheseports(QMA).TheBIUwillamplifyand/orattenuatethesignalsasappropriate.Usedforexternalalarmmonitoring(futureupgrade).TheLEDsindicatevariousstates,seeTable5.DL/ULBTS1/2TPUL1/2DLOUT1/2ULIN1/2EXTERNALALARMSON/ALMLED
SystemDescription10Point of Interconnect (POI) ThePointofInterconnect(POI)contains41:8splittersandsomeattenuators.ThisisacouplingfieldusedtotietogetherthesignalsbetweentheBIUsandtheFOIsinamultiplebandormultipleoperatorsystem.Figure 5 Point of Interconnect (POI) Eachofthe4fieldshasaCOMMONportandports1‐8.Ifusedasacombinerthenthesignalstocombineareconnectedtoports1‐8andthesumofthesignals(minusinsertionloss)isoutputontheCOMMONport.Whenusedasasplitter,thecombinedsignalisinputontheCOMMONportandequalsignalsofthesamestrength(minusinsertionloss)areoutputonports1‐8.Table 6 POI SpecificationsParameter ValueInsertionlossCOMMONtoanyport1:8 35dB,NominalIM3performance >50dBReturnlossperformance >20dBMaximumsignalinputlevel 20dBmIsolationbetweenportsinsamestrip >15dBIsolationbetweenportsindifferentstrips >60dB
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)11Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) unitTheFOIconvertstheRFsignalsinthedownlinktofiber‐opticallaseroutputthatistransmittedonthefibertotheremoteunit.ItalsoreceivesthelaserlighttransmittedbytheRemoteUnitandconvertsitbacktoRFsignalsthatarethenroutedtothePOIandthentotheBIU.Figure 6 Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) UnitTheFOIisavailableineitherasingleheadfiberinterface(withWDM)configurationorwithadualheadfiberinterfacewithseparateRXandTXconnectors.EachFOIcanserveupto4RemoteUnitsonasinglefiber.ThedrawbackisthattheRemoteUnitsmusthavedifferentopticalwavelengthsintheuplinktoavoidinterference.Theycanhoweversharethesameopticalwavelengthinthedownlink.Functional descriptionTheFOIhasanominalgainof35dBandthelasertransmittershouldseeamaximumcompositeinputpowerofca0dBm.Thismeansthatfor0dBattenuationintheDLamaximuminputof‐35dBmcompositepowerisrecommended(whenattenuatorsaresetto0dBm).IftheDLattenuatorissettoahighervaluethemaximumrecommendedinputisadjustedaccordingly.Theoutputpowerofthelaseriscalibratedto3000µW.Thiscanbeusedtocheckthelossoverfiberintheremotebecausetheremotereportsthereceivedopticallevels.ThelossmaybedifferentintheULcomparedtotheDLbecauseofdifferentwavelengthsonthelaser.TheFOIispoweredfromtheMFUbackplaneandcommunicateswithEthernetwiththeothermodulesintheMasterUnit.TheunitcontainsseveraladjustableattenuatorswhichareusedtocompensateforlossbeforetheFOI(e.g.inthePOI)andforlossonthefiberintheuplink.TherearetwosetsofRFportsontheFOIthatcanbeusedtoconnectsignalsfromtwodifferentstripsinthePOI.TheEthernetcommunicationbetweentheMasterUnitandtheRemoteUnittakesplaceontwosub‐carriersintheFOIwheretheEthernetsignalsaresuperimposedontheRFsignals.WARNINGAvoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Notsafetoviewwithopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.
SystemDescription12Figure7isablockdiagramshowingthedownlinkpathintheFOIandhowthetestportisconnected.AsyoucanseetherearetwoattenuatorsthatcanbesetintheDLpath,thisallowsforbalancingtheinputsignalsfromtwodifferentsignalsourcessothattheycansharethedynamicsofthelaserproperly.Figure 7   FOI Block DiagramTheRFdrivelevelsaremeasuredandaccessibleinthewebinterfacesothattheycanbechecked.Inthefuturealarmlevelsmaybeaddedtothesetestpoints.ThisinterfaceisdesignedtoworkwithSC‐APCconnectors(7°angledphysicalconnector)andsinglemodefibersonly.Allconnectorsbetweenthemasterunitandtheremoteunitshouldbeofangledtype,otherwiseproblemswithreflectionswillarisewhichmaycausesevereproblemsinthesystem.SinglemodefiberAngledconnectorsOpticalloss<15dB
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)13Figure 8 FOI  !""InterfacesItem DescriptionThisisthereceptaclefortheopticalfiber.TheillustrationshowsthemodulewithbuiltinWDM(combinedRX/TX).TheversionwithoutWDMhastwoconnectorsoneforTXandoneforRX.ThesearetheRFportsthatnormallyarepatchedtothePOIforinterconnectingandthenontotheBIU.ThesearetheRFconnectorswherethesignalintheDLfromthePOIispatchedintotheFOIforconversiontolaserlight.Thesearetestportsthatcanbeusedtocheckthesignallevelsornoiseinthesystem.OPTOIN/OUTULOUT1/2DLIN1/2TPUL/DL
SystemDescription14TherearealsotwoLEDsontheunitwhichcanbeusedtocheckthestatusaccordingtothefollowingtable:Table 7 State ON LED ALARM LED NoteBooting 2Hz Off NormalbootBootingstandalonemode 2Hz 2Hz NotattachedtorackBootingreadofMACaddressfailed 2Hz On ErrorStarting 0,1Hz90%0,1Hz90% KernelstartupOperation 0,5Hz10%Off NormaloperationOperation 0,5Hz10%1Hz10% MinoralarmstateOperation 0,5Hz10%2Hz25% MajoralarmstateOperation 0,5Hz10%On CriticalalarmstateFOI LED indicatorsTable 8 FOI SpecificationsParameter ValueMaximumfiberlossfromMUtoRU,Optical, 15dBoOpticaloutputpower,Calibrated 3000µWMaximumnumberofRUsupportedonsinglefiber 4InputRFpowerrecommended,Composite ‐50to‐35dBm††. Dependsonattenuatorsettings.For0dBattenuationcompositelevelshouldbe< ‐35dBm.Powerconsumption <15WOperationalTemperaturerange 0to45°CDimensionsWidth 1UHeight 3UOpticalconnectortype SC‐APCRFconnectortype QMAFemaleTable 9 FOI variantsParameter WavelengthDOI301 1310nm RxandTxseparateDOI302(WDM) 1310nm RxandTxonsamefiberDOI308x SeparateRxandTxvariouswavelengthsavailable††. TheDOI308versioncanbeorderedwithvariouswavelengths.Theactualwavelengthsthatarepossibleareavailableuponrequesttoinfo@deltanode.com.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)15PSU – the rack power supplyThepowersupplyunitcanhandleuptoonefullshelfofactiveunits,suchasBIUorFOI.Ifyoursystemconsistsofmorethanoneshelf,aPSUisaddedforeachshelf.Figure 9 PSUFunctional descriptionThePowerSupplyUnitisnormallydeliveredasa240VACversionforEuropeand115VACversionforUSorothercountriesusingthisvoltage.A‐48VDCtelecomversionisavailable.Allconnectorsareonthefrontsideofthepowersupply.ThepictureshowsthePSUequippedwithEuropeanpowerinlet.Outputaretwo10pinMolexconnectorsthatwillbeconnectedtotheshelfthePSUissupplyingpowerto.OneconnectorshouldalwaysbeconnectedtotheshelfthatthePSUislocatedin(fordrivingthefans).Oneshelfcanhandleupto4powersupplies.EachshelfcanhavetwoPSU’sconnectedtoitforredundancy.Table 10 Parameter ValueInputpowervoltage,Mains 86‐264VACInputpowerfrequency,Mains 50/60HzOperatingtemperature 0‐45°CPowerrating 240WPSU Specifications
SystemDescription16Base Station Master unit Gateway (BGW) BaseStationMasterunitGateway(BGW)isaself‐poweredLinuxbasedserver.ItassignsIPaddressestoallthemodulesinthesystem,includingtheRemoteUnitsaswellastheircomponents.ModulesinaMasterUnitwillinherittheirIPaddressesviaDHCPleasesandbywayofinheringtheMACaddressesfromthebackplanewecanensurethatanewmoduleinsertedintherackreceivesthesameaddressastheoneitisreplacing,withoutanyneedofmanualconfiguration.FeaturesoftheBGW:WebinterfaceconfigurationAutomaticdetectionofmodulesAutomaticdetectionofRemoteUnitsCanhandlelargesystemsFunctionsforstatisticsNorthboundcommunicationtoCGWIncludesfirewalltoprotectlocalnetIstheportaltoyourMasterUnitUser‐providedcertificatebasedsecurityviaHTTPSFigure 10 Base station master unit gatewayIftheBGWisreplacedtheRemoteUnitsmaynotshowupimmediately.Thisisduetotheleasetimeontheaddresstheyhave.Eventuallytheywillrequestanewaddressandwhenthisisdonetheywillshowup.TheBGWistheunitresponsibleforalarmhandlingandremoteforwardofalarmseitherbySMTPmailforwardingorbySNMPtraps.AMIBfileforyourSNMPsystemisavailablefromDeltaNodeuponrequestaswellasdocumentationregardingSNMP.TheBGWcanalsolaunchVPNtunnelstoaremotesupervisioncentercalledtheCentralGateway(CGW).Thismakesitpossibletomanagemultiplesystemsfromasingleplace.TheCGWwillbedescribedlaterinthismanual.TheBGWhastwoEthernetports.OneisconnectedtotheinternalnetworkintheMasterUnittoprovidethelocalnetworkforallthemodules,theRemoteUnitsandeverythingelse.Italsoprovides,viathebuilt‐inswitchintheMasterUnit,awayoflocallyconfiguringthenetwork.Itprovidesthewebinterfaceforallthesettingsofthesystemaswellasmanyotherfunctions.Secondlythereisa“northbound”EthernetportthatallowstheBGWtoconnecttotheInternet,oraWAN/MANtypeoflargernetwork.Thismeansthatthesystemcanbemonitoredandmanagedremotely.AVirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)tunnelcanbesetupfromtheBGWtoacentrallocationusingaCGW.TheCGWcanhandlealargenumberofsuchtunnels,providingacentralpointforsupervisingalltheinstallationsandcollectingalarmsandstatisticsfromallthesystemsaswellascentralizedalarmmanagement.TheBGWcanactuallysetupasecondtunnel,whichissometimesdonetotheDeltaNodemanagementcenterwherewecanhelpwithmanagementandsupervision.Thisisaservicethatweprovideifneeded.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)17Table 11 Parameter ValueInputpowervoltage,Mains 100‐240VACInputpowerfrequency,Mains 50/60HzOperatingtemperature 10‐30°CPowerrating,Typical <100WHeight 1UWidth 19In.Depth 360mmWeight <5kgBGW specificationsABGWcanalsobesetupinfactoryforaspecialneed,itwillthenbedeliveredtogetherwitharestoreimagethatallowsthecustomertorestoreitquicklyincaseofahardwarefailure.RGW – the compact remote gatewayTheRGWisasmallunitsimilartotheBGWbutintendedforsmallsystemswherethereisalownumberofremotesorwherethereisnohead‐endandthereforetheRGWhasaformfactorthatallowsittobemountedinsidearepeatercasing.Thiscanbeusedtorunupto4RemoteUnitsfromasingleRepeateronasingleFiber.TheRGWhasthecapabilitytoconnectNorthboundtoaCentralGateway(CGW)justliketheBGWdoesanditcanalsoforwardalarmsthroughaVPNtunneltoaCGW.ThememorycapacityandfeaturesarereducedcomparedtotheBGWbutforasmallsystemwithasinglefiberthismaybeanoptiontouse.TheRGWcanbeequippedwithamodemtoallowaccesstoasysteminaremotelocationwherethereisnoEthernet.Themodemisusuallya3GmodemwhichenablestheRGWtosetupatunneltoaCentralGatewayunit(CGW)enablingsupervision,monitoringandcontrolofthesystem
SystemDescription18Remote Unit (RU)Therearemanydifferentkindsofremoteunitswithawiderangeofgainandoutputpowertocatertomanydifferentneeds.Alowandmediumpowerunitcanhouseupto4differentfrequencybandsinoneunit,thehighpowerversionscanhandleupto2differentbandsinonesingleunit.Chassis typesRemoteunits(RUs)areavailableinmainlytwodifferentchassis,asinglecompactchassisfor1‐2bandsandadualchassisforupto4bands(Figure11).Table12showshowtheycanbeconfigured:Table 12 Chassis type Low Medium HighSinglechassis 1‐2 1‐2 1Dualchassis 3‐4 3‐4 2Chassis typesItisalsopossibletohavecombinationsoftheabove.Forexampleitispossibletobuildadualchassiswith2mediumpowerbandsand1highpowerbandinthesameremote.Eachsideofadualchassisisvirtuallyidenticaltoasinglechassisremoteunit.Thisensuresunparalleledflexibilitywhenbuildingmultipleoperator/multiplebandsolutions.Adualchassismayhave1‐2opticalremoteunits(FOR).Thiswaytheycanbefedfromdifferentdirectionsforredundancy.Figure 11 Single ChassisRemote UnitDual ChassisRemote UnitRemote Unit Chassis TypesBecauseofthelargerpoweramplifiersusedforhighpowerRU’stheneedformorecoolingandroomallowsonly2bandsinthesamedoublechassis.Remotescanalsobedaisy‐chainedbywayofRFcables,meaninguptotwochassiscansharethesamefiber‐opticalinterfaceprovidingupto8bandsinasinglelocation.Table13containsalistofthemostcommonremoteunitsthatareusedwiththeDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsystem.Variantsareavailableuponrequest.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)19CommonforallRemoteUnitsistheirexcellentnoisefigure,contributingtoanoverallnoisefigureforthewholesystemfromremotetohead‐endintothebasestationof<3dBfortheRFlink.BothchassiscomplywithIP65protectionforuseinanyenvironment.Thecoatingisadurablecoatingwhichaidstheconvectioncooling.NofansareusedfortheRemoteUnits.Bothchassisareavailablewitheitherwallorpolemountingkits,asrequested.Note: RemoteUnit’sarecompletelyassembledatourfactory,nointegrationoftheRemoteUnit’scomponentsisrequired.Table 13 Product code Pout (ETSI)††. Actualpowerdeterminedbyfrequencybandandspectrumdemands.Pout (FCC) BandsDDRmediumpower) 26‐30 361‐4DDS(Highpowerquadband) 30‐41 41 1‐4DDH(highpower) 32‐43 43 1‐2DDH2(Dualamplifiers) N/A 46 1 Remote comparison tableDDRDeltaNode’sDistributedRadioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithalinearpoweramplifiersupportingallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassissecurestheperformanceinalmostanyenvironment.ETSI standardTable 14 General SpecificationsNoiseFigure Typical 3dBDelayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µsPowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDCOperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55Casing IP65Table 15 Optical SpecificationsRFFrequencyrange 88–2200MHzFlatness +‐3dBOpticaloutputpower Nominal 3mWDFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nmOpticalreturnloss <‐40dBOpticalisolator min 30dBSide‐modesuppressionratio min 30dBMaximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mW
SystemDescription20Table 16 Specifications DDR100 (Single Band) & DDR200 (Dual band)PowerConsumption,max DDR100(200) 90(180) WDimensions WxDxH300x130x700mmWeight <12 KgTable 17 Specifications DDR300(Triple Band) & DDR400(Quad Band)PowerConsumption,max DDR300(400) 270(360) WDimensions WxDxH300x220x700mmWeight <24 KgTable 18 Available Products, European CellularSystem ULFrequencyMHzDLFrequencyMHzPout(DL)dBm/c,1CarrierPout(DL)dBm/c,2CarriersStandardTETRA,PublicSafety 380‐385 390‐395 26 23 ETSITETRA,Commercial 410‐415 420‐425 26 23 ETSITETRA,Commercial 415‐420 425‐430 26 23 ETSICDMA450 453‐457,5 463‐467,5 33 28 FCCGSM‐R876‐880921‐925 26 23 ETSIEGSM900 880‐915925‐960 26 23 ETSIGSM1800 1710‐17851805‐1880 28 25 ETSIUMTS 1920‐1980 2110‐2170 30 25 3GPPFCC standardDeltaNode'sDistributedRadioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithalinearpoweramplifiersupportingallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassissecurestheperformanceinalmostanyenvironment.Table 19 General SpecificationsNoiseFigure Typical 3dBDelayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µsPowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDCOperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55Casing IP65Table 20 Optical SpecificationsRFFrequencyrange 88–2200MHzFlatness +‐3dBOpticaloutputpower Nominal 3mWDFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nmOpticalreturnloss <‐40dBOpticalisolator min 30dBSide‐modesuppressionratio min 30dBMaximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mW
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)21Table 21 Specifications DDR100 (Single Band) & DDR200 (Dual band)PowerConsumption,max DDR100(200) 90(180) WDimensions WxDxH300x130x700mmWeight <12 KgTable 22 Specifications DDR300 (Triple Band) & DDR400 (Quad Band)PowerConsumption,max DDR300(400) 270(360) WDimensions WxDxH300x220x700mmWeight <24 KgTable 23 Available Products, American CellularSystem ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHzPout,DL,dBm(Composite)StandardLTELB 698‐716728‐746 33 FCCLTEUB 746‐776* 776–806††. Sub‐bandsavailable33 FCCiDEN 806‐824 851‐869 33 FCCCellular 824‐849 869‐894 33 FCCPCS1900 1850‐1915 1930‐1995 33 FCCAWS 1710‐1755 2110‐2155 33 FCCTable 24 Available Products, American Public SafetySystemULFrequencyMHzDLFrequencyMHzPout,DL,dBm(Composite)NominalBandwidthMHzNominalPassbandGaindBInput/OutputImpedanceOhmsStandardVHF 150‐174150‐174 33 24(FCC);36(IC)††. 2MHzwithrequiredexternalduplexers70 50 FCCUHF 450‐512450‐512 33 62††††.3MHztor1.5MHzwithrequiredexternalduplexers70 50 FCC700 793‐805763‐775 33 12 70 50 FCC800 806‐824 851‐869 33 18 70 50 FCCClass B Industrial Booster — ThisequipmentisaClassBIndustrialBoosterandisrestrictedtoinstallationasanIn‐buildingDistributedAntennaSystem(DAS).RF Exposure — Theequipmentoperatinginthe800MHzpublicsafetybandandtheUHFpublicsafetybandcomplieswiththeFCCRFradiationexposurelimitssetforthforanuncontrolledenvironment.Thisequipmentshouldbeinstalledandoperatedwithaminimumdistanceof20centimetersbetweentheradiatorandyourbody.Theequipmentoperatinginthe700MHzpublicsafetybandrequireaseparationdistanceofatleast36.2cm.Thisdistancemustbemaintainedbetweentheuserandantennawhentheproductisusedwitha5.5dBiantenna.TheequipmentoperatingintheVHFpublicsafetybandrequireaseparationdistanceofatleast69.1cm.Thisdistancemustbemaintainedbetweentheuserandantennawhentheproductisusedwitha10.5dBiantenna.Ifsystemwilloperateonmultiplebands,theseparationdistancerequiredshallbeequalto,orgreaterthan,thebandwiththelargestseparationdistance.
SystemDescription22DDSDeltaNode'sDDSseriesdistributedhighpowerradioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithaPreDistortionpoweramplifierthatsupportsallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassissecurestheperformanceinalmostanyenvironment.FCC StandardTable 25 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONSNoiseFigure Typical 3dBDelayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µsInstantaneousBandWidth Max 15 MHzPowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDCOperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55Casing IP65Table 26 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONSRFFrequencyrange 88–2200MHzFlatness +‐3dBOpticaloutputpower Nominal 3mWDFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nmOpticalreturnloss <‐40dBOpticalisolator min 30dBSide‐modesuppressionratio min 30dBMaximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mWTable 27 SPECIFICATIONS DDS100 (Single Band) & DDS200 (Dual band)PowerConsumption,max DDS100/200 90(180) WDimensions WxDxH300x130x700 mmWeight <12 KgTable 28 SPECIFICATIONS DDS300 (Triple Band) & DDS400(Quad Band)PowerConsumption,max DDS300/400 270(360) WDimensions WxDxH300x220x700mmWeight <24 KgTable 29 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, AMERICAN CELLULARSystem ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHz DownlinkPowerRMS StandardLTELB 698‐716728‐746 41 FCCLTEUB 746‐776††. Sub‐bandsavailable776–806†41 FCCiDEN 806‐824 851‐869 41 FCCCellular 824‐849 869‐894 41 FCCPCS1900 1850‐1915 1930‐1995 41 FCCAWS 1710‐1755 2110‐2155 41 FCC
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)23DDHDeltaNode'sDistributedHighpowerradioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithafeedforwardmulticarrierpoweramplifierthatsupportsallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassissecurestheperformanceinalmostanyenvironment.ETSI standardTable 30 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONSNoiseFigure Typical 3dBDelayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µsPowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDCOperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55Casing IP65Table 31 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONSRFFrequencyrange 88–2700MHzFlatness +‐3dBOpticaloutputpower Nominal 3mWDFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nmOpticalreturnloss <‐40dBOpticalisolator min 30dBSide‐modesuppressionratio min 30dBMaximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mWTable 32 SPECIFICATIONS DDH100(Single Band)PowerConsumption Typical 210 WDimensions WxDxH300x130x700mmWeight <14 KgTable 33 SPECIFICATIONS DDH200(Dual Band)PowerConsumption Typical 420 WDimensions WxDxH300x220x700mmWeight <28 KgTable 34 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, EUROPEAN CELLULARSystemNumberofcarriers24816CompositePowerPowerpercarrierCompositePowerPowerpercarrierCompositePowerPowerpercarrierCompositePowerPowerpercarrierTETRA 32 29 33 27 33 24EGSM900 40 34 40 34 40 31 40 28GSM1800 40 37 40 34 40 31 40 28UMTS 43 40 43 37 43 34 43 312600 43 40 43 37
SystemDescription24FCC standardsTable 35 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONSNoiseFigure Typical 3dBDelayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µsPowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDCOperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55Casing IP65Table 36 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONSRFFrequencyrange 88–2200MHzFlatness +‐3dBOpticaloutputpower Nominal 3mWDFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nmOpticalreturnloss <‐40dBOpticalisolator Min 30dBSide‐modesuppressionratio Min 30dBMaximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mWTable 37 SPECIFICATIONS DDH100(Single Band)PowerConsumption Typical 210 WDimensions WxDxH300x130x700mmWeight <14 KgTable 38 SPECIFICATIONS DDH200(Dual Band)PowerConsumption Typical 420 WDimensions WxDxH300x220x700mmWeight <28 KgTable 39 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, AMERICAN CELLULARSystem ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHz Pout,DL,dBm(RMS) StandardLTELB 698‐716728‐746 43 FCCLTEUB 746‐776††. Sub‐bandsavailable776–806* 43 FCCiDEN 806‐824 851‐869 40 FCCCellular 824‐849 869‐894 43 FCCPCS1900 1850‐1915 1930‐1995 43 FCCAWS 1710‐1755 2110‐2155 43 FCCNote: Allspecificationssubjecttochangewithoutnotice.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)25DMU – Remote head endDeltaNodeDMU100seriesisapickuprepeaterthatcanprovidethesignalsoverfibertoaMasterUnitordirectlytoupto4RemoteUnits.WhentheDMUisusedtotransmitthesignalstoaMasterUnit,theordinaryBGWisusedtocontrolthesystem,butincasetheMasterUnitisnotneededanditconnectsdirectlytoupto4RemoteUnitstheDMUcanbeequippedwiththecompactgateway,RGW,toprovideforthesettingsandalarmhandlingfortheentiresystem.Figure 12 DMU – Remote head endRemotecommunicationcanbedoneeitheroverEthernetifthatexistsinthelocation,ortheunitcanbeequippedwithamodemthatallowsittosetupatunneltoaCentralGatewayCGWwhereitcanbecontrolledremotely.Themodemisnormallyastandard3Gmodembutotheroptionsmaybepossibleifneeded.ItispossibletobuildtheDMUwithmorethanoneband.However,dependingonthetypesofbandsandthenecessaryduplexersitmayneedtobeverifiedwithDeltaNodethatyourcombinationofbandsarepossibleiftheRGWistobeincluded.ThechassisisthesameasfortheDeltaNodeRemoteUnits(singlechassis)andcanhandleasingleband.
SystemDescription26IntheexampleinFigure13,theDMUisusedtopickupthesignalataremotelocationandthenitistransmittedonthefibertofourdifferentlocationsthatneedcoverage.TheRUcanbeconnectedtocoaxialspreadingnetworksifneeded.Figure 13 DMU Feeding Remote UnitsInFigure14,theDMUisfeedingaMasterUnit(BMU)whichinturnfeedstheRemoteUnits(RU).Thisisafarmoreflexiblesolutionandshouldbepreferredwhenitispossible.Figure 14  DMU Feeding BMUTheDMUisusuallynotequippedwithapowerfulPowerAmplifier(PA)intheuplinkbecausetheideaofusingitistoplacetherepeaterwherethereisagoodsignal.Thepowerlevelmatchesthatofamobilephone.
27Chapter 3 System designFiber‐DASisawayofdistributingradiosignalsfromabasestationtoaremotelylocatedantennawherethecoaxialcablelosseswouldbetoohighoritisimpracticaltoinstallcoaxialcables.Fiber‐DAScanbeusedindoorstocoverlargebuildingswhereoutsidepenetrationofradiosignalsisnotsufficient,itcanbeusedtocoverstructuressuchastunnelsforrail,orroads,airports,metrolinesandmanyotherplaces.Thischapterprovidesthebasicsofsystemdesignandavoidingcommonpitfalls.Allfiber‐DASsharesomecommonpropertiesastheyareanextensionofanexistingsignalintoanareawherethereislittleornocoverage.The BasicsThereissomebasicknowledgeyoushouldbefamiliarwithwhendesigningasystem.Inthissectionwewilldiscussthemostimportantelementsofdesigntohelpyoudesignyoursystem.Alinkbudgetisawayofcalculatingtherequiredsignallevelsforthebasestationandthemobilestationandmatchingthisagainstyoursystemdesign,thelossesinthecables,theantennafactorsandothersuchparametersgointoalinkbudget.WhenyouhavedonearoughlinkbudgetyoushouldusetheDAScalculatorandcalculatethesettingsofeachuplinkanddownlinkinthesystem.Example:Youhaveasystemwith3remoteunitsandtheyarealldualband850/1900forCDMAandGSM.Yoursystemhas6uplinksand6downlinkswherethesignalmayproceedfromantennatobasestationorviceversa,inunitonethereisone850RFstripandone1900RFstripformingtwoRFchainswithuplinksanddownlinks.TheDAScalculatormayyieldadifferentnoisefigurefromtheoneyouinitiallyassumedwhenyoudidyourlinkbudget.Thisisfine,youmayinsertthenewnoisefigureinyourlinkbudgetandobservetheresult.Whenyouhavedoneyourcalculationsyoualreadyknowthesettingsofthesysteminprincipleandyoucannowcommissionit.UsingthesettingsfromtheDAScalculatorasabasisyoucanconnecttothesystemandsetituponeunitatatime,moreaboutthatinChapter5"Commissioning"onpage40.Link BudgetsThestartingpointistocreateaviablelinkbudgetforyoursystem.Aslinkbudgetsarecalculateddifferentfordifferentsystemsyoumaywanttotakesometimeandstudytypicallinkbudgetcalculationsforthetypeofservicesyouareusing.Youdonotneedtocreatelinkbudgetsforallofyourremotesandallfrequencybands.Doitfortheworstcaseonlyforeachservice,thatshouldbeenough.Thisisthenormalprocedureanditisusuallynotdifficulttofindtheworstcasescenario.Lookforthehighestlossbetweenthebasestationandtheantenna,includingthefiberlossbetweenMasterUnitandRemoteUnitandanysplitlossaftertheRemoteUnituntilyougettothelastantenna.Ifyouareusingradiatingcables,thencalculatewiththelossoverthemaximumlengthofradiatingcableyouneedtosupportandfindtheRemoteUnitthathasthehighesttotallossfromtheUserEquipment(mobilestation)totheBaseStationend.
Systemdesign28DownlinkForthedownlinkyoucanusuallyjustusetheoutputpoweroftheremoteunitandthencalculateyourlinkbudget.Rememberthatifyouhaveseveralcarriers,youneedtocalculateyourlinkbudgetwiththisinaccount.Foreachnewcarrieryouadd,thepowerpercarriergoesdownasthepowerontheRemoteUnitisdividedontoallthe(active)downlinkcarriers.Tocalculatethe“percarrier”outputpower,Table40containsalistofmodifiersthatareappliedtotheoutputpoweroftheremoteunit.Table 40 Per carrier lossAsyoucanseethereisacorrelationthatwheneverthenumberofcarriersdoublethepercarrierpowerisloweredwithanother3dB.Thustheformulaforanynumberofcarrierswillbe:PCarrier PComposite 10 10logNCarriers–=Theoutputpowerforeachtypeofremoteunitandfrequencybandcanbefoundinthedatasheetsin"RemoteUnit(RU)"onpage18wheretherelevantparametersforeachremotesystemarediscussed.Remembertousethepercarrierpowerinyourlinkbudgetandnotthecompositebecauseifasyoukeepaddingcarrierstothesystemthepowerpercarrierwillbelower.Ifyouareplanningonaddingadditionalcarriersinthefutureyoushouldplanyoursystemforthemaximumforeseeablenumberofcarriers.Followingisanexampleofalinkbudget.ThislinkbudgetisalsoincludedintheDASCalculatorpackage.IfyoudonothavethispackagecontactDeltaNodeSolutionstoreceiveacopy.UplinkUplinkcalculationsgenerallyrelyonhavingthenoisefigureathandbeforesothatthedesensitizationofthebasestationcanbecalculated.Howeversincethenoisefigureisdependentonthelinkbudget,weshouldbeabletocalculateacrudelinkbudgetatfirst,getourgainstraightandthenwhenwearedoneweshouldbeabletocalculatethepropernoiseloadusingtheDASCalculatorTool(willbehandledinChapter6"RFCommissioning"onpage41).Thereforewewillassumeastandardnoisefigurefornow,properlyadjustedtheDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsolutionhasaNFoflessthan3dBperuplink.AreasonableassumptionfortheNFisaround3dB,ifweshouldgetabetterorworseNFlaterwhentheDASCalculatorisemployedwewilljustgobackandcorrectthelinkbudgetsforthis.SystemUplinkNetGainThenetgainisthetotalgainintheuplinkfromtheRemoteUnitporttotheinputportonthebasestation.Thischainlookssomethinglikethis:Figure 15 AntennaRURemoteUnit FiberFOIFOICardPOIPOIunitBIUBIUBTSBaseStation50dB ‐40dB 20dB ‐35dB 7dB‐80dBm ‐30dBm ‐70dBm ‐50dBm ‐85dBm ‐78dBm‐2dB‐80dBmUplink Net Gain123456789100 -3.0 -4.8 -6.0 -7.0 -7.8 -8.5 -9.0 -9.5 -10.0
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)29IntheillustrationinFigure15onpage28thereisaninputsignaltotheremoteof‐80dBm.Theneachstepofthechainhasgainorattenuationasshown,thefiberlossisintotal40dB,theFOIissetto20dBgain,thelossthroughthePOIis35dB,theBIUissetto7dBgainandthelossonthejumperbetweentheMasterUnitandtheRadioBaseStationis2dB.ThismeansthatthesignallevelenteredintotheRemoteUnitisseenbythebasestation.Thisisconsideredanoptimalpointsettingfortheuplinkwhenitcomestosignallevel.Ifthenetgainintheuplinkispositive,wealsoputnoiseontothebasestationandwilldesensitizeitsreceiver.Thismaynotbeaproblem,iftheBaseStationisdedicatedtoonlytheFiber‐DASsystemthenapositivenetgainisnotaproblembecauseanydesensitizationcausedbyincreasedgainiscompensatedbyanequalincreaseintheusefulsignalslevel.ThusmaintainingthesameC/I.HoweveriftheBaseStationisalsocoveringanoutdoorareaorhasotherantennasconnectedtothesamesectorthenapositivenetgainwillcauseadesensitizationofthereceiverfortheotherantennaandthisisgenerallyspeakingabadthing.Thesystemalsohasathermalnoiseloadthatitwillputonthebasestation,justlikeanantenna.ThenoisefigureofthesystemcanbedeterminedbyusingtheFiber‐DAScalculatorexcelsheet.Thetotalnoiseisalsoanaccumulationofthenoiseposedbyeachchainandthenetgainofthesystem.Ifwehaveasystemwith4equallysetupchains,andeachchainhasanoiseloadof3dBandthenetgainis0dBthenthenoiseloadonthesystemwillbearound9dB.IfwedecreasethenetgainintheuplinkwecanlowerthisnoiseasthesystemNFcanbeconstruedastheNF+Netgainuplinktimesthenumberofequalchains.Sincethechainsarenotinfactequal,theywillhavedifferentNFanddifferentgainslightlyitmaybeagoodideatocalculatethetotalnoiseload:Table 41 Chain NF Gain N. Load CommentTotal Noise Load, UnadjustedByloweringthenetgainto‐5dBonallchainswegetthefollowing:Table 42 Chain NF Gain N. Load CommentTotal Noise Load, AdjustedThisissimilartotheBTSownnoisefigurewhichgenerallyis2‐4dBdependingonthesystem.Thiskindofdesensitizationthenbecomesatradeoffbetweencoverageareaintheuplinkandthenoiseloadonthebasestation.13.2-1.2 2.01 2.3 +2.3 4.62 2.8 +4.0 6.8 This is very high34.0-2.8 1.2Total 10.21 3.2 -5 -1.812.3 -5 -2.72 2.8 -5 -2.234.0 -5 -1Total 4.1 Similar to a BTS own NF
Systemdesign30Addingnoisefromeachparallelchainisthendonethroughtheformula:NLTotal 10 10log10NF1G1+10-------------------------10NF2G2+10------------------------- 10NFnGn+10-----------------------+++=Note:ThisisdifferentfromFriisformulawherethenoisesourcesarecascaded,hereeachnoisecontributionarejustaddedinlinearandthenconvertedbacktodecibels.Where:NFisthenoisefigureforeachchainNListhetotalnoiseloadGisthegainofthechainintotalWhenthesensitivityhasbeencalculateditistimetomakeaproperlinkbudgetandfindoutifthesystemwillcovertheexpectedareas.Herearesomeexamplesonlinkbudgetcalculationswhereyoucaninsertthenoisefigureofthesystem.ThesecalculationsarealsoincludedontheDAScalculatortoolandlinkbudgetsforothersystemsshouldalsobeincluded.CDMAcanbecalculatedsimilarlytoWCDMAifthegrossdataratesetcarecorrected.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)31Table 43 Example of GSM link budgetLinkbudget GSM with Fiber DASDOWNLINKOutputpowerDASremoteunit 30.0 dBm Numberofcarriers 2.0 pcs ThisgivesthepercarrierpowerPowerpercarrier 27.0 dBm SplitlossfromRUporttolastantenna 6.0 dBCablelosses 4.0 dB DASantennagain 3.0 dB EIRP 20.0 dBm MSNoisefloor ‐121.0 dB MSNF 3.0 dB MSC/I 12.0 dB MSFadingmargin 6.0 dB 10dBforvehiclemovementsPenetrationloss 0.0 dB Usedforinvehicle(10dBforcar)AntennagainMS 1.0 dB BodylossMS 5.0 dB Requiredsignallevel ‐96.0 dBm DesigntargetAllowedpathlossfromantennatoMS 116.0 dB RadiatingcablecouplinglossC95 70.0 dB OnlywhenusingradiatingcableLossper100m4.0dBOnlywhenusingradiatingcableMaximumlengthofradiatingcable 1149.5 mUPLINKSpectralnoisefloorofBTS ‐121.0 dBm NoisefigureBTS 3.0 dB C/IforBTS 9.0 dB BTSoriginalnoisefloor ‐118.0 dBm BTSoriginalsensitivity ‐109.0 dBm Fadingmargin 6.0 dB FiberDASthermalnoisefloor ‐121.0 dBm NoisefigureDASlink 3.0 dB Numberofequallinks 3.0 pcs Systemnetgain 0.0 dB IfyournoiseloadishighyoushouldlowerthisDASNoiseresult ‐118.0 dBm NoiseloadonBTSwithDAS ‐115.0 dBm DesensitizationonBTS 3.0 dB NewBTSSensitivity ‐106.0 dBm LossfromBTStoremoteantenna 7.0 dB Sensitivityatremoteantenna ‐99.0 dB Fadingmargin 6.0 db Penetrationloss 0.0 dB AntennagainMS 1.0 BodylossMS 5.0 Requiredsignallevel ‐89.0  MSOutputpower 30.0 dBm For900use33dBmfor18/1900bandsuse30AllowedpathlossfromMStoantenna 119.0 dB Balancedownlink‐uplink ‐3.0 dB Thisshouldpreferablybe+/‐5dBRadiatingcablecouplinglossC95 70.0 dB OnlywhenusingradiatingcableLossper100m4.0dBOnlywhenusingradiatingcableMaximumlengthofradiatingcable 1224.5 m
Systemdesign32Table 44 Example WCDMA link budgetWCDMA LINK BUDGETRECEIVER SENSITIVITY AND NOISENoisefloor ‐108.2 dBm ReceiverNF 6.0 dB RXnoisepower ‐102.2 dBm Interferencemargin 3.0 dB RXinterferencepower ‐102.2 dBm Noiseplusinterferencepower ‐99.2 dBm Requestedbitrate 64.0 kbit Videocall=64.voice=12.2Grossbitrate 3840.0 kbit Processgain 17.8 dB RequiredEb/No 5.0 dB Fastfadingmargin 4.0 dB Receiversensitivity ‐107.9 dBm DOWNLINK CALCULATIONOutputpowerDASremoteunit 30.0 dBm Numberofcarriers 1.0 pcs ThisgivesthepercarrierpowerPowerpercarrier 30.0 dBm SplitlossfromRUporttolastantenna 6.0 dBCablelosses 4.0 dB DASantennagain 3.0 dB EIRP 23.0 dBm MSAntennagain 5.0 MSBodyloss 3.0 MSMinimumlevel ‐109.9 dBm Allowedpathloss 137.9 dB UPLINK CALCULATIONOutputpowerofMS 21 dBm MaximumpowerAntennagainMS 5.0 dB BodylossMS 3.0 dB EIRPMS 23.0 dBm Uplinknetgain ‐10 dB SensitivityatRUport ‐117.9 dBm SplitlossfromantennatoRU 6.0 dB CablelossesfromantennatoRU 4.0 dB DASantennagain 3.0 dB Antennasensitivity ‐110.9 dBm Allowedpathlossuplink 133.9 dB Balancedownlink‐uplink 4.0  
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)33Multiple bandsTheflexibilityofthesystemallowsforupto4bandsinoneremoteforthelowandmediumpowerremoteunits.Thehigh‐powerversionallows2bandsinthesamechassis,mainlybecausethepoweramplifiersaremorebulky.Thismeansthatitisveryeasytodeployasystemfordifferentbands.Thefiberlinkisultrawidebandandcanbeusedbetween88MHzupto2700MHzthuscoveringfromtheVHFendofthespectrumuptothelatestLTEbands.EachbandneedstohavetheirseparateBIUintheMasterUnit.TheuplinkanddownlinksignalscanthenbecombinedinthePOIormaybeseparateallthewayintotheFOI.TheFOIhastwoinputsandoutputsandcanthusbeconnectedtotwobandsdirectly.Figure 16 Dual Band System Connection Diagram900MHz1800MHz BIUBIUFOIFOIFOIFOIFOIFOIFOIFOI RURURURURURURURUPOIFigure16showstwoBIUcardsinterfacingwithtwoRadioBaseStations.Inthiscasetheycouldbea900GSMstationandone1800GSMstationasanexample.ItcouldinfactbeanycombinationofserviceandfrequencybandsuchasLTE‐900orWCDMA850.
Systemdesign34EachBIUhasacombinedUL/DLporttowardsthebasestationandontheothersidethereareseparateUL/DLports.TheBIUhasanuplinkamplifierandadownlinkattenuatorthatcanbeset.ThesignalsarethenconnectedtothePOI’s4couplingfieldstoit’scommonports.Thesignalisthensplitonto8portsinthedownlinkandcombinedfrom8portsintheuplink.FromthePOItherearethenpatchestoeachFOIcardintheframe(8inthisillustrationperuplinkanddownlink)andthe900and1800signalarekeptseparateuntiltheFOI.Itisnotnecessarytokeepthemseparated;theycouldbecombinedforacommonuplinkanddownlink.However,doingsomeansthatyouhavefeweroptionsinadjustingthesignallevelswiththegainblockandattenuators,ineachRFchain.Multiple operatorsThesamewayasmultiplebandsandservicescanbeconnectedtotheMasterUnititisalsopossibletoconnectseveraloperators.InfactthisisoneofthekeystrengthsofaFiber‐DASsystembecauseitisaccesstechnologyagnostic.Thismeansthatitispossiblewithinthesamebandtomixdifferentaccesstechnologies–ifcareistakentoavoidproblemswhenmixingGSMandCDMAinthesamesystembecauseoftheveryslowandunsophisticatedpowerregulationintheGSMuplink.Whendesigningsuchasystem,careshouldbetakentoplacetheantennastoavoidanyusersgettingtoocloseandcausingtheRemoteUnittogointolimitmode.Base station interfaceItisrecommendedthateachoperatoroperatestheirownBIUbecauseotherwisethesettingsoftheBIUmayaffectmorethanonesystemorservice.ThiswaydependingonthesettingsoftheindividualBaseStationtheBIUcanbeadaptedproperlytogetthemostoutofthesystem.Remote UnitMultipleoperatorscanshareoneremoteunit.Doingsomeansthatconsiderationshouldbegiventothenumberofcarriersfromeachoperator,sothattheycanfulfilltheirrespectivelinkbudgets.Iftheoperatorshavealargenumberofcarriers,suchasforsomeGSMoperatorswhoeasilyhave6,8even12carriersitwouldbebettertosplitthemuponseparateamplifiersintheRemoteUnitorevenseparateunitsaltogether.FOITheFOIcanbesharedamongtheoperators.Itisrecommendedtoseetothatthedownlinksignallevelsaresimilarsothattheysharetheavailablebandwidthofthelaserproperly.SimilarlyintheuplinkPOIWhencombiningmultipleoperatorsitisoftenusefultocombinealltheoperators’uplinksandsplitallthedownlinksonaper‐bandbasis.ThismeansthatifyouhavemorethanoneFOIinthesystemyoushouldlikelyneedtouseanotheroneplusahybridcombiner/splitter.Hereisaschematiconhowthiscanbeachieved:
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)35Full system exampleHereisanexampleofafullsystemshowingtheMasterUnitandthefibersthatgoesofftotheRemoteUnits(notshowninthisexample)withmultipleoperatorsandalargenumberoffrequencybands.Figure 17                               ! !!!! !!! !" "" "" ""#$ " "%&'(%%'(%&'(%%'('(%%'(%&#$$)'(%%'(%&#$$)'(%%'(%&$$) '(%%'(%&$$)!'(%%'(%& $$)"'(%%'(%& $$)*(+%,-+./0*(+%,-+/0.0' '/01' '  * ** * * ** *'%( 00'%( 0'%'%'%'%'%'%'%'%'%'%'%'%'%'%((((((((((((((000000000000002%34+5+1%3% 6 78%9&86/ /Full System Connection DiagramBlock1:HerearealltheBaseStationInterfaceUnits(BIU)cardsforallthefrequencybandsandtheoperators.InthisexampletwooperatorsmayshareoneBIU.Thefirstunit1:1isforFMradiowhichisonlyDownlinkasitisbroadcast.Thesecondunit1:2isforasafetybluelightserviceusingtheTETRAsystemon400MHz.ThentherearetwoBIU’s1:3and1:4forGSM900,similarforGSM1800andforUMTS2100andLTE2600.Block2:ThisisthePointofInterconnect(POI)whereallthesignalsfromtheoperatorsarecombinedonthefourcouplingfieldsofthefirstPOI(2:1).TherearetwoULfieldsandtwoDLfields.Thecommonportsarethenfedintoahybridcombiner(2:3,2:4)andontothesecondPOI(2:2)wherethesignalsaresplituptoconnecttoalltheFiber‐opticInterfaces.Block3:Thesearethefiber‐opticinterfaces(FOI)andinthisexampleupto16FOIcardsmaybeconnectedforatotalof16RemoteUnitsifthereareoneRemoteUnitperfiber.ItispossibletouseuptofourRemoteUnitsonasinglefiber.Block4‐6:Thesearesupportingunitssuchaspowersupplies,theBGWwhichisthealarmandcontrolcomputerinthesystemandtheEthernetSwitchthatconnectsthecommunicationbetweenallunitsintheMasterUnitandalsohandlesthecommunicationswiththeRemoteUnits.
Systemdesign36Figure 18  !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " " !"" #""" " "$ !""#"$"%!"!"!""" "" "#"$$ !""#"$"%!"!"!""" "" "#"$$ !""#"$"%!"!"!""" "" "#"$$ !""#"$"%!"!"!""" "" "#"$$ !""#"$"%!"!"!""" "" "#"$$ !""#"$"%!"!"!""" "" "#"$$ !""#"$"%!"!"!""" "" "#"$$ !""#"$"%!"!"!""" "" "#"$&'()*+&'()*+&'()*+&'()*+&'()*+&'()*+&'()*+&'()*+$",$",$",&$",'$",($",)Full System Rack View
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)37TheBlocknumbersandthenumbersinthecirclesrefertothenumbersonthepreviousconnectiondrawing.Thefirstframe(BLOCK1)holdsalltheBIUinterfaces.Forclaritytheinterconnectingcablesarenotshownhere.Thesecondshelf(BLOCK2)isthe2POIunitsandthehybridcombiner(2:3and2:4)ishiddeninsidethecabinet.Thethirdframe(BLOCK3)holdstheFOIcards,upto16cardscanbeheldinonesuchframe.ThenthereistheBGWcomputer(BLOCK4)tyingallthecommunicationtogetherandprovidingthewebinterfaceforsettingupandcontrollingthesystem.TheBGWalsohasanoptional“northbound”fire‐walledconnectionthatcanbeconnectedtoyourownnetworkforremotesupervision,alarmandcontrol.ItcanevenbetunneledovertheInternetprovidingthereisaCGWunitwherethetunnelterminates.BeneaththeBGWisaframecontainingaretwoPSU’s(BLOCK5).Theycanbeupgradedtofourunitstoprovideredundancyforthisexample,twodifferentPSU’scanfeedthesameframe.TheEthernetSwitch(BLOCK6)islocatedatthebottom,thisiswhereyouconnectalaptoptosetupandcommissionthesystem.
38Chapter 4 Installation guidelinesForCMRS817‐824MHzApplications:Thisdevicecomplieswithpart15oftheFCCrules.Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:(1)Thisdevicemaynotcauseharmfulinterferenceand(2)thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperation.Health and SafetyDeltaNodeDASsystemisanadvancedsystemandshouldbehandledbyskilledstaff.DeltaNodearehappytooffertrainingofinstallationserviceprovidersinthecasethisisnecessary.Readallavailabledocumentationandwarningsbeforehandlingtheequipment.Equipmentfailuresduetoimproperhandlingarenormallynotcoveredbytheproductwarranty.Respectallwarningsignsontheequipmentandinthedocumentation.Makesuretoonlyoperatetheequipmentonfrequenciesallowedtouse.Donotmodifytheequipment.TheequipmentcontainsaClass3BlaserandtheequipmentisClass1.DoneverlookintotheLaserbeamdirectlyorindirectly,itisstronginvisiblelightandmaycauseseriousdamagetohumaneyes.Alwaysuseprotectivecapsonfiberandconnectorendswhenfiberisremovedfromsocket.Alwayscleansocketandconnectorafterafiberhasbeenremovedbeforeitisreconnected.Makesuretokeeppasswordsandotheroperationalinformationawayfromunauthorizedpersonnel.Installing the Master Unit and RemotesAllequipmentmustbeproperlygrounded.Thismeansthatthegroundpeginthemainsconnectorforbothhead‐endgear(MasterUnit)andremotegear(RemoteUnits)mustbeconnectedtoPhase,NeutralandGroundinaproperwaybeforetheplugisinsertedintheunit.Thechassisoftheremoteandtherackofthemasterunitshouldbegroundedtoapotentialbarorsafetygroundingbarwhenoperated.Allelectricalinstallationsshouldbedonebyacertifiedelectricianonly.WARNINGThisisNOTaconsumerdevice.ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEorexpressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.YouMUSTregisterClassBsignalboosters(asdefinedin47CFR90.219)onlineatwww.fcc.gov/signal‐boosters/registration.Unauthorizedusemayresultinsignificantforfeiturepenalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation.WARNINGThisisNOTaconsumerdevice.ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEorexpressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.Unauthorizedusemayresultinsignificantforfeiturepenalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation.WARNINGAvoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Notsafetoviewwithopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)39Safety and Care for fibersEverytimeafiberisdisconnectedandre‐connectedcareshouldbetakentoavoidgettingdustontheconnectororinthereceptacle.Cleanwithadryfibercleaningtoolbeforereconnectingthefiberatalltimes.Asinglespeckofdustcanseverelyimpactthetransmission.Donottouchthefiberendswithyourfingers.Thatwillleavegreaseontheconnectorsandmaycausesevereproblems.WARNINGAvoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Notsafetoviewwithopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.
40Chapter 5 Commissioning PreparationsTheminimumofpreparationsnecessaryaretohavethesystemdocumentationwhichshouldincludethefollowingitemsatleast:ThesystemlayoutandblockschematicAconnectiondiagramforthehead‐endMasterUnitThetypeofconnectorsandtappersusedtointerfacetothebasestationportsThenumberofcarriersforeachoftheBIUthatthebasestationsconnectsviaMaximumoutputpowerforeachservicefromthebasestationsFiberlossesshouldbedocumentedbeforehandsothatyoucancomparewhatthesystemactuallymeasuresSectorizationinformation,whichsectorsshouldgotowhichremotesDAScalculatorsheetsshowingtheexpectedsettingsforeachoftheRFchainsinuplinkanddownlink.InformationaboutEthernetconnectionifthesystemshouldbemonitoredbyremote.HowtoconnectittotheInternetforremoteviewingunlessyouareusingamodem.Necessary toolsThetoolsnecessarytocommissionthesystemincludes:Onelaptopforchangingthesystemsettings,checkinganyalarmsandstatus.Onlysoftwareneededisawebbrowser.OperatingsystemcanbeWindows,LinuxorMacasyouprefer.Spectrumanalyzertomeasuretheuplink.ThesystemreliesontesttonemeasurementsintheuplinkandthereforeitisimportanttohaveequipmenttomeasurethemSMAtooltobeabletoconnectordisconnectBTScablesfromtheBIU.QMAadaptersoyoucanmeasuresignalsdirectlyonthehead‐endunitssuchastheFOI,BIU,POIandsoon.SoftwareNoparticularsoftwareisnecessaryexceptamoderngraphicalbasedwebbrowser.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)41Chapter 6 RF CommissioningInordertomaketheprocessmoreclearforthispartofthemanualwewillconsidersettingupafictitioussystem,butbasedonastandardapproachatdoingFiber‐DAS.Thesystemthatweareconsideringwillhavetwofrequencybands,let’sassumeGSM900MHzandUMTS2100MHz.Theexamplewillhave2sectorswithtworemotesineachsector.Ofcourseyoursystemmaylookdifferent,bemoreorlesscomplexbutinordertomakeitclearhowthesystemissetupthisshouldprovideyouwithastartingpoint.Setting up the uplinkSettinguptheuplinkmeanstoadjustthesystemforanoptimalworkingpointfromtheantennaportoftheRemoteUnittotheactualinputontheRadioBaseStation.Thiscanbedoneindifferentwaysdependingonhowthesystemisdesigned.Wewillherediscussastandardset‐upstartingwithasmallblockschematicshowinghowthesystemisconnected.Figure 19      System Interconnect DiagramThemainparameterthatwewillbediscussingisthe”netgain”ofthesystem.ThismeansthetotalchangeinsignalfromtheRemoteUnitantennaporttothereceiverportonthebasestation.Therearedifferentwaysofsettingthissystemupbutwewilllookata0dBnetgainsystemwhichisagoodstartingpointformostsystems.ThesystemgaincanbecalculatedasthegainintheRemoteUnit–Lossonfiber+FOIgain–POIloss+BIUgain–couplerloss.Basicallythistakesformofalinkbudgetandhereisanexample:Table 45 Unit/Component Gain/Loss (dB) Accumulated Gain/Loss (dB)RemoteUnit(RU)Fiber‐OpticCableFOIPOIBIUCouplerExample Link BudgetBasicallythismeansthatwhateverisinputattheantennawillalsobeseenatthesamelevelfortheRadioBaseStationreceiver.Thisisnotabadstartingpointbutdoesnottakeintoaccountthenoiseloadonthebasestationwhichwillincreasesomewhatwiththissetup40 40-10 3020 50-35 15015-15 0
RFCommissioning42Noise load on Radio Base StationThesystemwillinevitableaddsomenoisetothereceiver.Properlysetupthenoisefigureinasystemlikethiswillbebetterthan3dB.However,ifthegainissetuppoorly(notenoughgainintheremote,toomuchgaininthehead‐end)itispossibletocreateaverybadnoisefigure.InordertoavoidthistheFiber‐DASCalculatorshouldbeusedtocalculatethenoisefigureofthesystemintheuplink.IfyouhavenotfamiliarizedyourselfwiththeFiber‐DASCalculatorthenIsuggestyoudosobeforemovingoninthismanual.ThefiguresintheFiber‐DAScalculatorrelatestothesettingsofallstepsinthechain.ByusingthecalculatoryoucanfigureoutthepropersettingsonceyouknowthefiberlossbetweentheRemoteUnitandtheMasterUnit.LetusassumeyourhavearrivedataNoiseFigureNFof3dBforthischain.Howeveryoursystemmaycontainmoreremotes,perhapsconnectedlikethis:Figure 20  !   Multiple RU Connection DiagramNowthenoiseloadcanbecalculatedbyaddingthenoisecontributionfromeachstepofthechain.Belowisanexampleofnoisefiguresfromeachoftheremotes:Table 46 Chain NF Gain Noise LoadRU1RU2RU3RU4SumofNoiseLoadBaseStationFiber‐DASNoiseLoadTotalNoiseintoBTSDesensitizationNoise LoadThereisasheetintheFiber‐DAScalculatorthatletsyouaddyourfiguresandthatwillcalculateitforyou.2.8 0.0 2.83.2 1.0 4.23.8 -2.0 1.82.6 -1.0 1.68.74.08.09.5-5.5
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)43Whatweseehereisthatifwesetthesystemupinthisfashionwewilldesensitizethebasestationwithabout5,5dB.ThiscanbeokayifthebasestationcoverageisonlythroughtheFiber‐DASsystembutifthebasestationisalsobeingusedforoutdoorcoverageitisnotgood.Weneedtochangethenetgaintoreflectthis.IngeneralweshouldloweroursothatwedesensitizetheBTSonlyabout3dB.Thisvalueisagoodcompromiseandsimilartoaddingasecondantennatothesamereceiverport(whichiskindofwhatwearedoingwiththeFiber‐DAS).Herearethenewvalues:Table 47 Chain NF Gain Noise LoadRU1RU2RU3RU4SumofNoiseLoadBaseStationFiber‐DASNoiseLoadTotalNoiseintoBTSDesensitizationAdjusted Noise LoadAsyoucanseeweshouldsetthesystemupwithanetgainofabout‐5dB.Goingbacktothesettingswehadbeforewhichwas:Table 48 Example Link BudgetUnit/Component Gain/Loss (dB) Accumulated Gain/Loss (dB)RemoteUnit(RU)Fiber‐OpticCableFOIPOIBIUCouplerWeonlyneedtochangetheBIUsettingusingtheattenuatorsintheBIUtolowerthegainwith5dB.Thiswillaccomplishwhatweneedtodoandtheuplinkshouldthenbecommissioned.2.8 -5.5 -2.23.2 -5.5 -1.83.8 -5.5 -1.22.6 -5.5 -2.44.14.04.17.1-3.140 40-10 3020 50-35 15015-15 0
RFCommissioning44Practical approachNowthatweknowwhatweshouldhavewecaneasilysetthesystemup.YouneedaspectrumanalyzertodothisanditiseasiesttoconnectitintotheBIUport.Rememberthatwhenyoumeasurehere,thesignalshouldalsogothroughtheBTScouplerbeforeitreachesthebasestationreceiverport.ThereforeyoushouldexpecttoreadavaluethatisYourexpectedgain+thelossinyourcouplerIfyouwantanetgainof‐5dBandyouhavea15dBcoupler,youshouldreadanetgainof+10ontheBIUport.Thisisnowwhatwearegoingtouseinthefollowingexample. !   "#Turn on the RFConnecttotheBIUandturnontheRF.Settheattenuatorinthemediumrangefortheuplinkthatyouaremeasuring.Thisallowsyoulatertoadjustitupanddownasnecessarytogetthecorrectgainfortheuplinkchain.Settingthemto10dBisagoodidea.DLsupervisioncanbeleftasisfornowandalsoDLattenuationwhichwewillsetuplater.ConnecttotheFOIcardandselectOptoandRF–RFConfigandsetitupaccordingtoyourFiber‐DAScalculatorsettings.DonotforgettoturnRFon.
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)45Nextstepistoconnecttotheremoteunitandsetitupfortestmeasurementintheuplink.InthisscreenyoushouldalsoturnRFon,setthegaintoabout35dBasastartingpointandthenturnontheuplinktesttone.Notethefrequencyofthetesttone,thisisthefrequencyyoushouldbemeasuringonyourspectrumanalyzer.
RFCommissioning46Turnonthespectrumanalyzer,makesureitisconnectedtotherightportontherightBIUandthenfindthefrequency.Areasonablespanis1MHzandthereceiverbandwidthcanbesetto30kHzorsimilar.Usethemarkertomeasurethepeakofthesignal.Thengotothenextscreenontheremoteunit,theRFStatusscreen.WhatwearelookingforhereistheTesttoneLevel.Notethisdownaswell,nexttothefrequencyofthetesttoneyounotedearlier.Thencheckyourspectrumanalyzer.Assumingyourtesttonelevelis‐62,6dBmasinthisexampleyourspectrumanalyzermayshow‐58,2dBm.CalculatingthenetgainbetweentheRUandtheBIUwillthenyield‐58,2‐‐62,5=4,3dB.SubtractthecouplerbetweentheBIUandtheradiobasestationwhichinthisexamplewas15dBandweget‐19,3dBasournetgain.Wewanted‐10dBsowehave9,3dBtoolowgain.Weshouldthenincreasethegainandthebestplacetodothiswouldbeintheremoteunitbysettingthegainat35+9,3=44,3whichwewillroundto44dB.Thatuplinkisnowfinishedandwewillrepeatthesettingsforallofouruplink,oneatatime.CAUTIONTurnOffTestToneDonotforgettoturnoffthetesttonewhenyouaredonewithyouruplink.Bettercheckoneextratime.Theywillotherwiseinterferewiththenormaloperationofthesystembycausingnoisetothebasestation.
47Chapter 7 Model IdentificationSystem Model NumbersExamples:DDR4-GC0-PA1-AD — 4band,33dBmpoweroutputperband,Fullband700combinedwithCell850nonduplexed,PCScombinedwithAWSduplexed,ACpowered,7/1 6 DIN,1310nmuplinkDDR4-GC0-PA1-AD-B12-C34-WUBCS — 4band,33dBmpoweroutputperband,Fullband700combinedwithCell850nonduplexed,PCScombinedwithAWSduplexed,ACpowered,7/1 6 DIN,Bands1and2(700and850)1290nmuplink,Bands2and3(PCS&AWS)1310nmuplink,CWDM,fibersplit(3dB)fordaisychainedremotes ! "#"#$%&' (' )'$&* ! "#"#++ ,+-+.---,%*/'0%*1'.%*-'%*'%--'2%"(34%%.5-/%1*67%75-8#%*##6%!5*#/%*+#6%75*#%*-#6,%,.5*9#%*1#6:%9##.;7%5*1#%9+64%431##.%.1##!%1##%(1##51<-%8#96%8##%89#)%<##%58##6(%(=%=75<##>+##6%51##>+##6?%=7%?5+/##6@%8###%)%"%"2A#%)%"5,6%"5,6+%)%"506-%"506*%)%"5.69%"5.6/%)%"561%"568%)%"56<%"56 !+-*"#$%,58/%+/*>6%*8%&'(#),""""%'$'BC$&C$%"35$&""""',436""""%'3BC$&&'C$%"35$&""""'436%#!)%)% %1>/=)%=)&'%"5,44'C$6&$#*+,5+-'C$B6%+1#%+<#%-#5&&'6%--#?%-9#%-1#!%-<#.%*#=%*-#@%*9#D%*1#4%*<#%9#)%9-#%99#(%91#-. !5&'$6&C$B5'E6FF+-3$=$G+G-+-*-#/#(#)"%C$ % '%"5-&$6
ModelIdentification48Remote End Unit Part NumbersNote: Theremoteendunitsarecompletelyintegratedatthefactory,thereisnofieldassemblyotherthanmountingandcableconnection.Modulesshouldnotbealteredoncedeployed.Public Safety DDR Module NumbersPart Number Frequency Band IC Certification Number MOD‐DDR‐VVHF‐136‐174MHz 110141A‐DDR1VMOD‐DDR‐UUHF‐450‐470MHz 110141A‐DDR1UMOD‐DDR‐QT‐Band‐470‐512MHz 110141A‐DDR1QMOD‐DDR‐F700MhzPS 110141A‐DDR1FMOD‐DDR‐S800MHzPS 110141A‐DDR1SCellular DDR Module NumbersPart Number Frequency Band IC Certification NumberMOD‐DDR‐G700cellfullband 110141A‐DDR700FBMOD‐DDR‐C850cellband 110141A‐DDR850MOD‐DDR‐P1900PCS 110141A‐DDR1900MOD‐DDR‐A2100AWS 110141A‐DDR2100MOD‐DDR‐E2600 110141A‐DDR2600
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)49

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