Deltanode Solutions DDR003 700MHz Full Band Cellular Remote (33dBm) User Manual Fiber Distributed Antenna System DAS

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Manual





Fiber Distributed Antenna System

(Fiber DAS)

Operation Manual

by Bird Technologies, Inc.

Instruction Book Part Number 920-Fiber-DAS Rev. P1

Delta Node® is a registered trademark of Delta Node Solutions Ltd. and Bird Technologies, Inc.

Safety Precautions

Thefollowingaregeneralsafetyprecautionsthatarenotnecessarilyrelatedtoanyspecificpartorprocedure,and

donotnecessarilyappearelsewhereinthispublication.Theseprecautionsmustbethoroughlyunderstoodand

applytoallphasesofoperationandmaintenance.

WARNING

KeepAwayFromLiveCircuits

OperatingPersonnelmustatalltimesobservegeneralsafetyprecautions.Donotreplacecomponentsormake

adjustmentstotheinsideofthetestequipmentwiththehighvoltagesupplyturnedon.Toavoidcasualties,

alwaysremovepower.

WARNING

ShockHazard

DonotattempttoremovetheRFtransmissionlinewhileRFpowerispresent.

WARNING

DoNotServiceOrAdjustAlone

Undernocircumstancesshouldanypersonreachintoanenclosureforthepurposeofserviceoradjustmentof

equipmentexceptinthepresenceofsomeonewhoiscapableofrenderingaid.

WARNING

SafetyEarthGround

Anuninterruptibleearthsafetygroundmustbesuppliedfromthemainpowersourcetotestinstruments.

Groundingoneconductorofatwoconductorpowercableisnotsufficientprotection.Seriousinjuryordeathcan

occurifthisgroundingisnotproperlysupplied.

WARNING

Resuscitation

Personnelworkingwithornearhighvoltagesshouldbefamiliarwithmodernmethodsofresuscitation.

WARNING

RemovePower

Observegeneralsafetyprecautions.Donotopentheinstrumentwiththepowerapplied.

SafetyPrecautions

Safety Symbols

Note:

ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherent

light.Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.Notsafetoviewwithoptical

instruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.

Callsattentiontosupplementalinformation.

WARNING

Warningnotescallattentiontoaprocedure,whichifnotcorrectlyperformed,couldresultinpersonalinjury.

CAUTION

Cautionnotescallattentiontoaprocedure,whichifnotcorrectlyperformed,couldresultindamagetothe

instrument.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

iii

Warning Statements

Thefollowingsafetywarningsappearinthetextwherethereisdangertooperatingandmaintenancepersonneland

arerepeatedhereforemphasis.

See

page38

ForCMRS817‐824MHzApplications:

See

page38

See

page11

Caution Statements

Thefollowingequipmentcautionsappearinthetextandarerepeatedhereforemphasis.

See

page46

WARNING

ThisisNOTaconsumerdevice.

ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEor

expressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.YouMUSTregisterClassBsignalboosters(asdefinedin

47CFR90.219)onlineatwww.fcc.gov/signal‐boosters/registration.Unauthorizedusemayresultin

significantforfeiturepenalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation.

WARNING

ThisisNOTaconsumerdevice.

ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEor

expressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.Unauthorizedusemayresultinsignificantforfeiture

penalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation.

WARNING

Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.

ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Notsafetoview

withopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.

CAUTION

TurnOffTestTone

Donotforgettoturnoffthetesttonewhenyouaredonewithyouruplink.Bettercheckoneextratime.Theywill

otherwiseinterferewiththenormaloperationofthesystembycausingnoisetothebasestation.

SafetyPrecautions

Safety Statements

USAGE

ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY

IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION.

USO

EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE

ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO.

BENUTZUNG

WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN,

KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.

UTILISATION

TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE

FABRICANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE L’INSTRUMENT.

IMPIEGO

QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO DIVERSO DA COME

SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE

COMPROMESSA.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

SERVICE

SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID

DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO

SO.

SERVICIO

LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO

CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN

SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO.

WARTUNG

ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR FÜR GESCHULTES

FACHPERSONAL.

ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND WARTUNGSARBEITEN

AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN.

ENTRENTIEN

L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX

OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS

EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE FAIRE.

ASSISTENZA TECNICA

LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL

PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE

ELETTRICHE NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE QUALIFICATI A FARLA.

AboutThisManual

About This Manual

Thismanualcoverstheoperating&maintenanceinstructionsforthefollowingmodels:

Changes to this Manual

Wehavemadeeveryefforttoensurethismanualisaccurate.Ifyoudiscoveranyerrors,orifyouhavesuggestions

forimprovingthismanual,pleasesendyourcommentstoourSolon,Ohiofactory.Thismanualmaybeperiodically

updated.Wheninquiringaboutupdatestothismanualrefertothepartnumber:920‐Fiber‐DAS;andrevision:P1.

Chapter Layout

Introduction — DescribesthefundamentalsoftheDeltaNodeFiber‐DASandprovidesalistofcommonlyused

abbreviationsandacronyms.

System Description — DescribestheMajorcomponentsthatmakeupaDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsystem.

System Design — IntroducesLinkBudgetcalculations,andtheelementsofdesigningaFiber‐DASsystem.

Installation Guidelines — ProvidesFCCrequirementsandsafetyconsiderationswheninstallingaDeltaNode

Fiber‐DAS.

Commissioning — Liststhepreparationsandequipmentrequiredtosuccessfullyinstallandcommissionthe

DeltaNodeFiber‐DAS.

RF Commissioning — Chaptercontainsusefuladviceonhowtodesignawellworkingsystemaswellas

examplesforfinetuninglinkabudgetandcontrollingnoiseinaDeltaNodeFiber‐DAS.

Model Identification — ProvidesabreakdownoftheDeltaNodepartnumbersfortheFiber‐DASsystems.Atable

ofpartnumbersusedforRemoteUnitsisalsoprovided.

DeltaNodeFiber‐DAS

Table of Contents

SafetySymbols................................................................................ii

WarningStatements...........................................................................iii

CautionStatements...........................................................................iii

SafetyStatements..............................................................................iv

ChangestothisManual.........................................................................vi

ChapterLayout................................................................................vi

Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

RFonfiber....................................................................................1

Definitions....................................................................................2

Chapter 2 System Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

MasterUnit...................................................................................4

MasterFrameUnit(MFU)....................................................................4

BaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU)...............................................................6

PointofInterconnect(POI) ..................................................................10

FiberOpticInterface(FOI)unit...............................................................11

PSU–therackpowersupply.................................................................15

BaseStationMasterunitGateway(BGW)......................................................16

RGW–thecompactremotegateway..........................................................17

RemoteUnit(RU).............................................................................18

DDR.....................................................................................19

DDS.....................................................................................22

DDH.....................................................................................23

DMU–Remoteheadend...................................................................25

Chapter 3 System design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

TheBasics...................................................................................27

LinkBudgets.................................................................................27

Downlink.................................................................................28

Uplink....................................................................................28

Multiplebands...............................................................................33

Multipleoperators............................................................................34

Basestationinterface.......................................................................34

RemoteUnit..............................................................................34

FOI......................................................................................34

POI......................................................................................34

Fullsystemexample...........................................................................35

Chapter 4 Installation guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

HealthandSafety.............................................................................38

InstallingtheMasterUnitandRemotes...........................................................38

SafetyandCareforfibers......................................................................39

Chapter 5 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Preparations.................................................................................40

Necessarytools............................................................................40

Software.................................................................................40

Chapter 6 RF Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Settinguptheuplink..........................................................................41

NoiseloadonRadioBaseStation.............................................................42

Practicalapproach.........................................................................44

Chapter 7 Model Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

SystemModelNumbers........................................................................47

RemoteEndUnitPartNumbers.................................................................48

PublicSafetyDDRModuleNumbers..........................................................48

CellularDDRModuleNumbers...............................................................48

Chapter 1 Introduction

ThismanualcontainsbothguidelinesonhowtodesignasystemusingtheDeltaNodefiberdistributedantenna

system(Fiber‐DAS)conceptandhowtoinstall,commissionandmaintainsuchasystemforthelifespanoftheentire

installation.Itwillalsocontainmanybitsofinformationregardinggeneralpracticesintheindustryaswellasother

information.

Whenothermanufacturershaveconvertedoff‐airrepeatersintofiber‐fedrepeaters,DeltaNodehasdevelopedthe

conceptfromscratchwithfiberdistributioninmindfromthestart.Thisallowsforextremelygoodradio

performanceandweareproudofthebestinclassnoisefigureoflessthan3dBforthewholesystem,remoteunit

antennaporttobasestationinterfaceport.

TheFiber‐DASfromDeltaNodeisalsoextremelyflexibleinitssolutionmeaningthatthesystemcanbetailoredfor

almostanyneeds.Becauseoftheflexibilitytherearealsomanyparametersthatcanbechangedbytheuser.This

manualattemptstoexplainnotonlywhattheydo,butalsohowtosetthemproperly.

Fiber-DAS calculator — TogetherwiththismanualyoushouldhavetheaidoftheFiber‐DAScalculator,thisisan

Excelspreadsheetwiththefollowingfeaturesgivingameasureonhowwellthesystemwillperform:

SystemNoiseFigurecalculator

Intermodulationperformancecalculator

Uplink/DownlinkBalance

Dynamicheadroom

RF on fiber

Afiberdistributedantennasystem(Fiber‐DAS)isaveryefficientwayoftransmittingradiosignalsoverlarge

distances.Uptoabout25kmoffiberbetweenthehead‐endandtheremoteunitisallowed,providingthattheradio

accesstechnology(RAN)donotsuffertimingissuesandthatthefiberlossiswithinthespecification.

Themainprincipleistouseaninfra‐redlightsourcewhichismodulatedwiththecombinedradiosignalsthatneeds

tobepropagated.Thefiberchannelsystemisultrawide‐band,rangingfrom88MHzupto2600MHzandthus

coveringmosttypesofradiocommunicationsystemssuchasFMbroadcast,VHFcommunicationradios,TETRA,

GSM,CDMA,WCDMAandotherradioaccesstechnologiesthatareavailable.

Thedynamicofthefiberisgoodenoughtotoleratemulti‐carrier,multi‐bandandmulti‐operatorsolutionsthisway,

butofcoursetheyallsharetheavailabledynamicsandifthereareaverylargenumberofcarriersthefiber

attenuationneedstobelookedatofcourse.

BecausemostlandmobileradiosystemsandcellularsystemsareusingFrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD)thismeans

thatthereneedstobeeithertwoseparatefibers,onefortheuplink(signalsfromtheterminaltowardsthebase

station)andforthedownlink(signalsfromtheradiobasestationtowardstheterminal)ortheymaybemultiplexed

onthesamefiberusingdifferentwavelengths.

DeltaNodeFiber‐DASusewave‐lengthdivisionmultiplexing(WDM)asthenormalconfigurationfeaturingthe

following:.

Singlemodefiber

Angledconnectors

Opticalloss<15dB

Note: SeparateUL/DLfiberscanbeusedifitisnecessaryordesired.

Becausethemodulationisanaloguethesystemrequiresthefiberstobeofsinglemodetype.Allconnectorsusedin

DeltaNodeequipmentforFiber‐DASareofSC‐APCtypewitha7°angle.Itisveryimportantthatallconnectorsin

patchesetceterabetweentheMasterUnit(MU)andtheRemoteUnit(RU)areangled,otherwisereflectionsare

causedwhichwillcauseproblemswiththequalityofthesignalsthroughthesystem.

Introduction

Definitions

Thefollowingabbreviations,industrystandardlingoandacronymsareusedinthisdocument.

BGW BasestationGateway

BIU

Basestationinterface.AlsoknownastheDIU.ItistheelectricalinterfacebetweentheMaster

Unit(MU)andtheoperatorradiobasestationoranothersourcefortheradiosignals,suchasa

off‐airrepeater.

BTS SeeRBS.

DAS Adistributedantennasystem.Severalantennasconnectedtogetherinacoaxialnetworksothat

severalantennascanbefedasignalfromacentrallocation.

DL See“Downlink”

Downlink Thesignalsthataretransmittedfromabasestationtowardsaterminal(phone).

Fiber

Inthisdocumentitreferstothetelecommunicationfibersusedtotransmitmodulatedlightas

pulsesoranaloguevariationsonaglassfiber.TheDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsystemshouldusesingle‐

modefiberalways.

Fiber‐DAS

Ageneralnamefordistributionsystemsusingradiofrequencyonfiber(RFonFiber)technology.

DASmeans“DistributedAntennaSystem”whichreferstothepracticeofbuilding“spreading

nets”withcoaxialcables,splittersandantennastocoverlargerstructures.

FOI Fiber‐opticinterface.AlsoknownasDOI(DeltaNodeOpticalInterface)

FOR Fiber‐opticremoteinterface,partoftheRemoteUnitconnectingtothefiber.

GSM GlobalSystemforMobileCommunications

iDEN IntegratedDigitalEnhancedNetwork

LTE LongTer mEvolution

MasterUnit.Thisisarackthatcontainsallthemodulesthatbuildsuptotheheadendinthe

system.ThisiswheretheradiobasestationsinterfacetotheFiber‐DASsystem.Thisisalsowhere

thedownlinksignalsfromthebasestationsareconvertedintolaserlightandsentoverthefiber‐

opticstotheRemoteUnit(RU)andtheuplinksignalsfromtheRUareconvertedtoradio

frequencysignalsandtransmittedtotheradiobasestation(RBS,BTS).

POI PointofInterconnect,RFsplitter/combinerunit

QMA TypeofRFConnector.QuickdisconnectversionofSMARFConnectors.SeeSMA

RBS RadioBaseStation.Theinfrastructureunitnormallyconnectedtotheantennasintheradio

accessnetwork(RAN)andsometimescalledjustBaseStationorBaseTransceiverStation(BTS).

RGW RemoteGatewayUnit

RemoteUnit.Thisistheunitclosesttotheantennathatconvertsthedownlinksignalfromthe

fibertoradiofrequenciesanddistributesitovertheantennasystem.Inthereverse,theuplink

radiofrequenciesareconvertedtomodulatedlaserlightandtransmittedbacktotheMasterUnit

(MU).

SC‐APC

ThetypeofconnectorusedforallDeltaNodeopticalequipment.Itisrecommendedthatall

connectorsbetweentheMUandtheRUareofthistype.SC‐APcanalsobeacceptedinpatch

panels.AllconnectorsMUSTBEANGLEDtoavoidsignalreflectionsthataredetrimentaltothe

signalquality.Fibersneedtobeofsingle‐modetype.

Singlemode

fiber

Afiberwherethelightataspecifiedrangeofwavelengthsonlyhaveasinglepaththrough.Thisis

requiredforanaloguemodulatedsystemssuchastheDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsystem

SMA Sub‐miniatureversionA.ATypeofRFConnector.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Switch Anetworkswitchisacomputernetworkingdevicethatconnectsdevicestogetheronacomputer

network.

TETRA TerrestrialTrunkedRadio.TETRAusesTimeDivisionMultipleAccess(TDMA)withfouruser

channelsononeradiocarrierand25kHzspacingbetweencarriers.

UL See“Uplink”

UMTS

UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystemisasystemwherebroadbandsignalingand

packeteddataareused.Thestandardsarehandledinthe3GPPgroupandthemostcommon

typeofmodulationisWCDMA.

UplinkThesignalsthataretransmittedfromtheterminal(phone)towardsthebasestation.

SC‐PC Atypeoffiber‐opticconnectorwhichisnotangledandshouldnotbeusedwithDeltaNodeFiber‐

DAS

SC‐UPC Ultra‐polishedfiber‐opticconnector.NotrecommendedwithDeltaNodeFiber‐DAS

RadioFrequencies,denominatestherangeoftransversalelectromagneticwaveswitha

frequencyfrom3kHzto300GHz.Theupperendofthespectrumisoftenreferredtoas

microwavefrequencies.

WCDMA

W‐CDMA

WidebandCodeDivisionMultipleAccessisatechnologyemployedbybasestation

manufacturerswhomakeUMTSbasestations.Thistechnologyiscommonlyusedin3Gnetworks

andthemainmodulationemployedinEurope.

Chapter 2 System Description

TheFiber‐DASsystemconsistsoftwomajorparts.ThisistheMasterUnit(MU)andoneormoreRemoteUnits(RU)

connectedtotheMasterUnitviaopticalfibers.EachRemoteUnitneedstobeconnectedtoafiber,butuptofour

RU’scanshareasinglefiberlinkusingopticalsplitters.

Master Unit

TheMasterUnitconsistsofa19‐inchrackwithmodulesthatareselecteddependingonthesystemdesign.

GenerallyallMasterUnitscontain:

Powersupply

,AtleastoneBaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU)

AtleastoneFiber‐OpticInterfacecard(FOI)

PointofInterconnect(POI)

Networkswitch‐connectscommunicationspathsbetweenthemodules

RemoteGatewayUnit(RGW)ortheBaseStationGatewayUnit(BGW)‐RGWisasmallercompact

embeddedsolutionwhiletheBGWisafullfeaturedLinuxserverthatcanbesetupinmanydifferent

ways

ThemasterunitwillassignIPaddressestoallthesubunitsintherackandalsofortheRemoteUnitswhentheyare

connectedtothesystemviathebuildinDHCPserverpresentintheRGWandBGWmodules.Thisiswillconfigure

itselfautomaticallyandcreateaprotectedsub‐netforthesystemitselfthatshouldnotbeconnecteddirectlytoa

LAN.

Forremotesupervisionagateway(RGWorBGW)isinstalled.Thegatewayactsasafirewallandwillmakesurethat

theinternaltrafficinthesystemstaysinternalandthatthewebinterfaceformonitoringandsupervisionaswellas

SNMPtrapforwardishandledasexpected.

Eachofthemoduleswillbedescribedinthefollowingsections.

Master Frame Unit (MFU)

TheMasterFrameUnit(MFU)housesthePowerSupplies,FOIcardsandBIUs.

Figure1

showsanMFUequipped

with3BIUs,6FOIsandonePowerSupply.

Figure 1 Master Frame Unit

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Functional description

OneMFUsupportsseveralmoduleswhichcanbeplacedanywhereintheframeorasacombinationofseveral

differenttypesofunitsinaframe.Thereare16UpositionsintheMFUthatcanbeutilized,eachmoduletypehasa

differentwidth(seeeachmodule’sspecifications)sothenumberofmodulethatwillfitinanMFUvaries.OneMFU

canhouseupto4powersuppliesor8basestationinterfacecardsor16fiber‐opticinterfacecards.See

Table1

EachMFUneedsatleastonepowersupply,buttheydonotnecessarilyhavetobeplacedintheMFUthatthey

power.QuiteoftenasystemhasmorethanonepowersupplyandtheyareusuallyplacedtogetherinoneMFUfor

easyaccess.EachMFUhastwomolexconnectorsthatcanbeconnectedtoapowersupply.Thisallowsforaprimary

andaredundantpowersupplytobeconnectedtoittoensureoperationevenifonepowersupplyshouldfail.

TheMFUalsocontainsfansusedtoventilatetheunitshousedintheframe.Thesearehighqualityfansthathavea

highMTBF.

Table 1 MFU Specifications

Parameter Value

Inputvoltage 28VDC

Powerconnector Molex,10Pin

Ethernetconnector RJ45

Weight(withoutmodules) 2.5kg

Temperaturerange,Operational 0‐45°C

Width 19Inch

Height 3U

Depth 300mm

Maximumnumberofmodulessupported

PSU 4

BIU 8

FOI 16

SystemDescription

Base Station Interface Unit (BIU)

TheBaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU)istheinterfacebetweentheoperator’sbasestationandtheFiber‐DASsystem.

ThismodulehasseveralRFconnectorsonthefrontpanelanditcontainsduplexfilters(optional)orseparateuplink/

downlinkpathswhichcanbechosendependingontheneedsfortheconnectiontothebasestation.Inmostcases

theduplexedversionwithacombinedDL/ULportisused.

Figure 2 Base Station Interface Unit (BIU)

Functional description

TheBIUhasfourSMAports(femaletype)toconnecttheRBS/BTS.IntheduplexedversioncombinedDL/UL

connectorsareusedtoconnecttotheRBS,andthereareULtest(TP)connectorspresentthatcanbeusedto

monitorthesignaloutfromtheBIU.IntheversionwithoutduplexfiltersthetestconnectorsreplacedbyUL

connectorsandthenormallycombinedUL/DLconnectorsarereplacedbyDLonlyconnectors.

TheBIUhasfourQMAports(femaletype)thatarenormallyusedtoconnectittoaPOI.Therearetwouplink(input)

portsandtwodownlink(output,TX)ports.Thesearetwoseparatepaths,theisolationbetweenDL1andDL2is>

50dBandtheisolationbetweentheUL1andUL2portsisalso>50dB.

TherearetwoseparateRFpathsintheBIUandtheBIUisconfiguredatthefactoryforthespecificfrequencybandit

willserve.ThetwopathsintheBIUcannothavedifferentfrequencies;aGSM900BIUwillhavetwoGSM900paths

andcannotbecombinedwithan1800path.SeparatefrequenciesrequireanadditionalBIUcardtobeinserted.

RFpatchcablesareusedtopatchtheDLandULpathstothePOI.

ThereisanalarmportontheBIUwhich(futureupgrade)canbeusedtoconnectexternalalarms.ThisisaDB9

femaleconnector.

TheBIUistechnologyneutralandthedownlinkpathcontainssettableattenuatorsthatcanbeusedtoadjustthe

signalstrengthtoproperlevelsbeforefeedingthemintothePOI.Intheuplinkthereisanamplifierfollowedbya

settableattenuatorusedtoadjustthesignalandthenoiselevelintothebasestationuplink.

AllRFconnectionsaremadeonthefrontoftheBIU.ThemaximumrecommendedinputpowertotheBIUis30dBm

andtherearehighpoweralarmsthatactivateat>30dBmandlowpoweralarmsat<10dBminputpower.Ahigher

inputpowerthantherecommendedcancausetheunittofailpermanentlythusneedingreplacement.Itistherefore

recommendedthatforhighpowerbasestationanattenuatorisusedtoensurethattheinputpowertotheBIUcan

neverexceedspecifications.

Thereisa0dBminputversionoftheBIUavailableonrequest.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Theschematicin

Figure3

showstheblocksintheBIUforoneofthechannelsandhowthesignaldetectorforthe

downlinklevelalarmsareconnected.

Figure 3 Schematic of One BIU RF path

 



















Table2

listsstandardcellularBIU’s.Otherconfigurationsareavailableuponrequestaswellasunitswithout

internalduplexfiltering.

Table 2 Standard variants of the BIU

Part No Configuration UL

MHz

BTS

I/F

DBI303 2xTETRA390MHz†

†. Severaloptionsexistsfor5MHzstandardbandsforTETRA

380‐385 390‐395 Duplex

DBI307 2x700MHZABC‐band 698‐716 728‐746 Duplex

DBI308S 2xSMR800 806‐825 851‐870 Duplex

DBI308 2x850MHz 824‐849 869‐894 Duplex

DBI309 2x900MHz 880‐915 925‐960 Duplex

DBI318 2x1800MHz 1710‐1785 1805‐1880 Duplex

DBI319 2x1900MHz 1850‐1910 1930‐1990 Duplex

DBI320 2xUMTS2100MHz 1920‐1980 2110‐2170 Duplex

DBI321 2xAWS2100MHz 1710‐1755 2110‐2155 Duplex

SystemDescription

Table 3 RF and electrical performance of the BIU

Parameter Value Unit

Downlinkattenuation Settable 10‐30±3dB

UplinkGainformodules<1000MHz Settable 10to20±3dB

UplinkGainformodules>1000MHz Settable ‐10to10±3dB

IM3performance >55 dB

Maxinputnon‐destructive >36 dBm

Highinputalarmthresholdlevel 33 dBm

Lowinputalarmthresholdlevel 10 dBm

Inputreturnloss >20 dB

ImpedanceforallRFports 50 Ω

Isolationbetweenports >60 dB

Powerconsumption <15 W

Temperaturerange 0‐45 °C

Table 4 BIU mechanical specifications

Parameter Value

BasestationRFports SMA,Female

Testportsuplink(ifpresent) SMA,Female

InterconnectingRFportstoPOI QMA,Female

Alarmconnector DB9,Female

Dimensions,RackUnit

Width 2U

Height 3U

BIU Indicator Operation

TheBIUhastwoLEDslocatedonthefrontpanel.OneisthepoweronLED(green)andtheotheristhealarmLED

(red).BothLEDsindicateanumberofstatesbydifferentflashingbehaviors.

InanerrorstatethewebinterfaceshouldbeusedtochecktheactualconditionoftheBIUbuttheLEDsonthefront

cangiveyouaquickindicationonthestateoftheunit.Itisalsousefulforlocatingthephysicalunitifyouhave

severalBIUsinstalledinthesamerack.

Table 5

State ON LED ALARM LED Note

Booting 2Hz Off Normalboot

Bootingstandalonemode 2Hz 2Hz Notattachedtorack

BootingreadofMACaddressfailed 2Hz On Error

Starting 0,1Hz90%0,1Hz90% Kernelstartup

Operation 0,5Hz10%Off Normaloperation

Operation 0,5Hz10%1Hz10% Minoralarmstate

Operation 0,5Hz10%2Hz25% Majoralarmstate

Operation 0,5Hz10%On Criticalalarmstate

Indicator behavior

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Figure 4 BIU Interfaces



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Item Description

ThisisRFpathwheretheradiobasestation(RBS)isconnected(SMA)tothe

BIU.Donotexceedthepowerratinginthedownlinkfortheport.

Thisisatestport(SMA)fortheuplink.ItshowstheuplinksignalintheDL/UL

BTSport‐6dB.ThisportisreplacedbytheULportonanon‐duplexedversion

oftheBIU.

Thesearetheoutputports(QMA)forthedownlinksignalsaftertheyhave

beentreatedintheBIUwithattenuatorsandfilters.

UplinksignalsareconnectedtotheBIUusingtheseports(QMA).TheBIUwill

amplifyand/orattenuatethesignalsasappropriate.

Usedforexternalalarmmonitoring(futureupgrade).

TheLEDsindicatevariousstates,see

Table5

DL/ULBTS1/2

TPUL1/

DLOUT1/2

ULIN1/

EXTERNALALARMS

ON/ALMLED

SystemDescription

Point of Interconnect (POI)

ThePointofInterconnect(POI)contains41:8splittersandsomeattenuators.Thisisacouplingfieldusedtotie

togetherthesignalsbetweentheBIUsandtheFOIsinamultiplebandormultipleoperatorsystem.

Figure 5 Point of Interconnect (POI)

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 



Eachofthe4fieldshasaCOMMONportandports1‐8.Ifusedasacombinerthenthesignalstocombineare

connectedtoports1‐8andthesumofthesignals(minusinsertionloss)isoutputontheCOMMONport.

Whenusedasasplitter,thecombinedsignalisinputontheCOMMONportandequalsignalsofthesamestrength

(minusinsertionloss)areoutputonports1‐8.

Table 6 POI Specifications

Parameter Value

InsertionlossCOMMONtoanyport1:8 35dB,Nominal

IM3performance >50dB

Returnlossperformance >20dB

Maximumsignalinputlevel 20dBm

Isolationbetweenportsinsamestrip >15dB

Isolationbetweenportsindifferentstrips >60dB

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) unit

TheFOIconvertstheRFsignalsinthedownlinktofiber‐opticallaseroutputthatistransmittedonthefibertothe

remoteunit.ItalsoreceivesthelaserlighttransmittedbytheRemoteUnitandconvertsitbacktoRFsignalsthatare

thenroutedtothePOIandthentotheBIU.

Figure 6 Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) Unit

TheFOIisavailableineitherasingleheadfiberinterface(withWDM)configurationorwithadualheadfiber

interfacewithseparateRXandTXconnectors.

EachFOIcanserveupto4RemoteUnitsonasinglefiber.ThedrawbackisthattheRemoteUnitsmusthavedifferent

opticalwavelengthsintheuplinktoavoidinterference.Theycanhoweversharethesameopticalwavelengthinthe

downlink.

Functional description

TheFOIhasanominalgainof35dBandthelasertransmittershouldseeamaximumcompositeinputpowerofca

0dBm.Thismeansthatfor0dBattenuationintheDLamaximuminputof‐35dBmcompositepoweris

recommended(whenattenuatorsaresetto0dBm).IftheDLattenuatorissettoahighervaluethemaximum

recommendedinputisadjustedaccordingly.

Theoutputpowerofthelaseriscalibratedto3000µW.Thiscanbeusedtocheckthelossoverfiberintheremote

becausetheremotereportsthereceivedopticallevels.ThelossmaybedifferentintheULcomparedtotheDL

becauseofdifferentwavelengthsonthelaser.

TheFOIispoweredfromtheMFUbackplaneandcommunicateswithEthernetwiththeothermodulesintheMaster

Unit.

TheunitcontainsseveraladjustableattenuatorswhichareusedtocompensateforlossbeforetheFOI(e.g.inthe

POI)andforlossonthefiberintheuplink.TherearetwosetsofRFportsontheFOIthatcanbeusedtoconnect

signalsfromtwodifferentstripsinthePOI.

TheEthernetcommunicationbetweentheMasterUnitandtheRemoteUnittakesplaceontwosub‐carriersinthe

FOIwheretheEthernetsignalsaresuperimposedontheRFsignals.

WARNING

Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.

ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Notsafetoview

withopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.

SystemDescription

Figure7

isablockdiagramshowingthedownlinkpathintheFOIandhowthetestportisconnected.Asyoucan

seetherearetwoattenuatorsthatcanbesetintheDLpath,thisallowsforbalancingtheinputsignalsfromtwo

differentsignalsourcessothattheycansharethedynamicsofthelaserproperly.

Figure 7

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FOI Block Diagram

TheRFdrivelevelsaremeasuredandaccessibleinthewebinterfacesothattheycanbechecked.Inthefuture

alarmlevelsmaybeaddedtothesetestpoints.

ThisinterfaceisdesignedtoworkwithSC‐APCconnectors(7°angledphysicalconnector)andsinglemodefibers

only.Allconnectorsbetweenthemasterunitandtheremoteunitshouldbeofangledtype,otherwiseproblems

withreflectionswillarisewhichmaycausesevereproblemsinthesystem.

Singlemodefiber

Angledconnectors

Opticalloss<15dB

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Figure 8 FOI

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Interfaces

Item Description

Thisisthereceptaclefortheopticalfiber.Theillustrationshowsthe

modulewithbuiltinWDM(combinedRX/TX).Theversionwithout

WDMhastwoconnectorsoneforTXandoneforRX.

ThesearetheRFportsthatnormallyarepatchedtothePOIfor

interconnectingandthenontotheBIU.

ThesearetheRFconnectorswherethesignalintheDLfromthePOI

ispatchedintotheFOIforconversiontolaserlight.

Thesearetestportsthatcanbeusedtocheckthesignallevelsor

noiseinthesystem.

OPTOIN/OUT

ULOUT1/2

DLIN1/

TPUL/DL

SystemDescription

TherearealsotwoLEDsontheunitwhichcanbeusedtocheckthestatusaccordingtothefollowingtable:

Table 7

State ON LED ALARM LED Note

Booting 2Hz Off Normalboot

Bootingstandalonemode 2Hz 2Hz Notattachedtorack

BootingreadofMACaddressfailed 2Hz On Error

Starting 0,1Hz90%0,1Hz90% Kernelstartup

Operation 0,5Hz10%Off Normaloperation

Operation 0,5Hz10%1Hz10% Minoralarmstate

Operation 0,5Hz10%2Hz25% Majoralarmstate

Operation 0,5Hz10%On Criticalalarmstate

FOI LED indicators

Table 8 FOI Specifications

Parameter Value

MaximumfiberlossfromMUtoRU,Optical, 15dBo

Opticaloutputpower,Calibrated 3000µW

MaximumnumberofRUsupportedonsinglefiber 4

InputRFpowerrecommended,Composite ‐50to‐35dBm†

†. Dependsonattenuatorsettings.For0dBattenuationcompositelevelshouldbe< ‐35dBm.

Powerconsumption <15W

OperationalTemperaturerange 0to45°C

Dimensions

Width 1U

Height 3U

Opticalconnectortype SC‐APC

RFconnectortype QMAFemale

Table 9 FOI variants

Parameter Wavelength

DOI301 1310nm RxandTxseparate

DOI302(WDM) 1310nm RxandTxonsamefiber

DOI308x SeparateRxandTxvariouswavelengthsavailable†

†. TheDOI308versioncanbeorderedwithvariouswavelengths.Theactualwavelengthsthatare

possibleareavailableuponrequesttoinfo@deltanode.com.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

PSU – the rack power supply

Thepowersupplyunitcanhandleuptoonefullshelfofactiveunits,suchasBIUorFOI.Ifyoursystemconsistsof

morethanoneshelf,aPSUisaddedforeachshelf.

Figure 9 PSU

Functional description

ThePowerSupplyUnitisnormallydeliveredasa240VACversionforEuropeand115VACversionforUSorother

countriesusingthisvoltage.A‐48VDCtelecomversionisavailable.

Allconnectorsareonthefrontsideofthepowersupply.ThepictureshowsthePSUequippedwithEuropeanpower

inlet.Outputaretwo10pinMolexconnectorsthatwillbeconnectedtotheshelfthePSUissupplyingpowerto.One

connectorshouldalwaysbeconnectedtotheshelfthatthePSUislocatedin(fordrivingthefans).

Oneshelfcanhandleupto4powersupplies.EachshelfcanhavetwoPSU’sconnectedtoitforredundancy.

Table 10

Parameter Value

Inputpowervoltage,Mains 86‐264VAC

Inputpowerfrequency,Mains 50/60Hz

Operatingtemperature 0‐45°C

Powerrating 240W

PSU Specifications

SystemDescription

Base Station Master unit Gateway (BGW)

BaseStationMasterunitGateway(BGW)isaself‐poweredLinuxbasedserver.ItassignsIPaddressestoallthe

modulesinthesystem,includingtheRemoteUnitsaswellastheircomponents.ModulesinaMasterUnitwill

inherittheirIPaddressesviaDHCPleasesandbywayofinheringtheMACaddressesfromthebackplanewecan

ensurethatanewmoduleinsertedintherackreceivesthesameaddressastheoneitisreplacing,withoutanyneed

ofmanualconfiguration.

FeaturesoftheBGW:

Webinterfaceconfiguration

Automaticdetectionofmodules

AutomaticdetectionofRemoteUnits

Canhandlelargesystems

Functionsforstatistics

NorthboundcommunicationtoCGW

Includesfirewalltoprotectlocalnet

IstheportaltoyourMasterUnit

User‐providedcertificatebasedsecurityviaHTTPS

Figure 10 Base station master unit gateway

IftheBGWisreplacedtheRemoteUnitsmaynotshowupimmediately.Thisisduetotheleasetimeontheaddress

theyhave.Eventuallytheywillrequestanewaddressandwhenthisisdonetheywillshowup.

TheBGWistheunitresponsibleforalarmhandlingandremoteforwardofalarmseitherbySMTPmailforwardingor

bySNMPtraps.AMIBfileforyourSNMPsystemisavailablefromDeltaNodeuponrequestaswellasdocumentation

regardingSNMP.

TheBGWcanalsolaunchVPNtunnelstoaremotesupervisioncentercalledtheCentralGateway(CGW).Thismakes

itpossibletomanagemultiplesystemsfromasingleplace.TheCGWwillbedescribedlaterinthismanual.

TheBGWhastwoEthernetports.OneisconnectedtotheinternalnetworkintheMasterUnittoprovidethelocal

networkforallthemodules,theRemoteUnitsandeverythingelse.Italsoprovides,viathebuilt‐inswitchinthe

MasterUnit,awayoflocallyconfiguringthenetwork.Itprovidesthewebinterfaceforallthesettingsofthesystem

aswellasmanyotherfunctions.Secondlythereisa“northbound”EthernetportthatallowstheBGWtoconnectto

theInternet,oraWAN/MANtypeoflargernetwork.Thismeansthatthesystemcanbemonitoredandmanaged

remotely.

AVirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)tunnelcanbesetupfromtheBGWtoacentrallocationusingaCGW.TheCGWcan

handlealargenumberofsuchtunnels,providingacentralpointforsupervisingalltheinstallationsandcollecting

alarmsandstatisticsfromallthesystemsaswellascentralizedalarmmanagement.TheBGWcanactuallysetupa

secondtunnel,whichissometimesdonetotheDeltaNodemanagementcenterwherewecanhelpwith

managementandsupervision.Thisisaservicethatweprovideifneeded.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Table 11

Parameter Value

Inputpowervoltage,Mains 100‐240VAC

Inputpowerfrequency,Mains 50/60Hz

Operatingtemperature 10‐30°C

Powerrating,Typical <100W

Height 1U

Width 19In.

Depth 360mm

Weight <5kg

BGW specifications

ABGWcanalsobesetupinfactoryforaspecialneed,itwillthenbedeliveredtogetherwitharestoreimagethat

allowsthecustomertorestoreitquicklyincaseofahardwarefailure.

RGW – the compact remote gateway

TheRGWisasmallunitsimilartotheBGWbutintendedforsmallsystemswherethereisalownumberofremotes

orwherethereisnohead‐endandthereforetheRGWhasaformfactorthatallowsittobemountedinsidea

repeatercasing.

Thiscanbeusedtorunupto4RemoteUnitsfromasingleRepeateronasingleFiber.TheRGWhasthecapabilityto

connectNorthboundtoaCentralGateway(CGW)justliketheBGWdoesanditcanalsoforwardalarmsthrougha

VPNtunneltoaCGW.

ThememorycapacityandfeaturesarereducedcomparedtotheBGWbutforasmallsystemwithasinglefiberthis

maybeanoptiontouse.

TheRGWcanbeequippedwithamodemtoallowaccesstoasysteminaremotelocationwherethereisno

Ethernet.Themodemisusuallya3GmodemwhichenablestheRGWtosetupatunneltoaCentralGatewayunit

(CGW)enablingsupervision,monitoringandcontrolofthesystem

SystemDescription

Remote Unit (RU)

Therearemanydifferentkindsofremoteunitswithawiderangeofgainandoutputpowertocatertomany

differentneeds.Alowandmediumpowerunitcanhouseupto4differentfrequencybandsinoneunit,thehigh

powerversionscanhandleupto2differentbandsinonesingleunit.

Chassis types

Remoteunits(RUs)areavailableinmainlytwodifferentchassis,asinglecompactchassisfor1‐2bandsandadual

chassisforupto4bands(

Figure11

).

Table12

showshowtheycanbeconfigured:

Table 12

Chassis type Low Medium High

Singlechassis 1‐2 1‐2 1

Dualchassis 3‐4 3‐4 2

Chassis types

Itisalsopossibletohavecombinationsoftheabove.Forexampleitispossibletobuildadualchassiswith2medium

powerbandsand1highpowerbandinthesameremote.Eachsideofadualchassisisvirtuallyidenticaltoasingle

chassisremoteunit.Thisensuresunparalleledflexibilitywhenbuildingmultipleoperator/multiplebandsolutions.

Adualchassismayhave1‐2opticalremoteunits(FOR).Thiswaytheycanbefedfromdifferentdirectionsfor

redundancy.

Figure 11

Single Chassis

Remote Unit

Dual Chassis

Remote Unit

Remote Unit Chassis Types

BecauseofthelargerpoweramplifiersusedforhighpowerRU’stheneedformorecoolingandroomallowsonly2

bandsinthesamedoublechassis.Remotescanalsobedaisy‐chainedbywayofRFcables,meaninguptotwo

chassiscansharethesamefiber‐opticalinterfaceprovidingupto8bandsinasinglelocation.

Table13

containsalistofthemostcommonremoteunitsthatareusedwiththeDeltaNodeFiber‐DASsystem.

Variantsareavailableuponrequest.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

CommonforallRemoteUnitsistheirexcellentnoisefigure,contributingtoanoverallnoisefigureforthewhole

systemfromremotetohead‐endintothebasestationof<3dBfortheRFlink.

BothchassiscomplywithIP65protectionforuseinanyenvironment.Thecoatingisadurablecoatingwhichaidsthe

convectioncooling.NofansareusedfortheRemoteUnits.Bothchassisareavailablewitheitherwallorpole

mountingkits,asrequested.

Note: RemoteUnit’sarecompletelyassembledatourfactory,nointegrationoftheRemoteUnit’s

componentsisrequired.

Table 13

Product code Pout (ETSI)†

†. Actualpowerdeterminedbyfrequencybandandspectrumdemands.

Pout (FCC) Bands

DDRmediumpower) 26‐30 361‐4

DDS(Highpowerquadband) 30‐41 41 1‐4

DDH(highpower) 32‐43 43 1‐2

DDH2(Dualamplifiers) N/A 46 1

Remote comparison table

DDR

DeltaNode’sDistributedRadioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithalinearpower

amplifiersupportingallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassissecurestheperformancein

almostanyenvironment.

ETSI standard

Table 14 General Specifications

NoiseFigure Typical 3dB

Delayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µs

PowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDC

OperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55

Casing IP65

Table 15 Optical Specifications

RFFrequencyrange 88–2200MHz

Flatness +‐3dB

Opticaloutputpower Nominal 3mW

DFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nm

Opticalreturnloss <‐40dB

Opticalisolator min 30dB

Side‐modesuppressionratio min 30dB

Maximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mW

SystemDescription

Table 16 Specifications DDR100 (Single Band) & DDR200 (Dual band)

PowerConsumption,max DDR100(200) 90(180) W

Dimensions WxDxH300x130x700mm

Weight <12 Kg

Table 17 Specifications DDR300(Triple Band) & DDR400(Quad Band)

PowerConsumption,max DDR300(400) 270(360) W

Dimensions WxDxH300x220x700mm

Weight <24 Kg

Table 18 Available Products, European Cellular

System ULFrequency

MHz

DLFrequency

MHz

Pout(DL)

dBm/c,

1Carrier

Pout(DL)

dBm/c,

2Carriers

Standard

TETRA,PublicSafety 380‐385 390‐395 26 23 ETSI

TETRA,Commercial 410‐415 420‐425 26 23 ETSI

TETRA,Commercial 415‐420 425‐430 26 23 ETSI

CDMA450 453‐457,5 463‐467,5 33 28 FCC

GSM‐R876‐880921‐925 26 23 ETSI

EGSM900 880‐915925‐960 26 23 ETSI

GSM1800 1710‐17851805‐1880 28 25 ETSI

UMTS 1920‐1980 2110‐2170 30 25 3GPP

FCC standard

DeltaNode'sDistributedRadioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithalinearpower

amplifiersupportingallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassissecurestheperformancein

almostanyenvironment.

Table 19 General Specifications

NoiseFigure Typical 3dB

Delayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µs

PowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDC

OperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55

Casing IP65

Table 20 Optical Specifications

RFFrequencyrange 88–2200MHz

Flatness +‐3dB

Opticaloutputpower Nominal 3mW

DFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nm

Opticalreturnloss <‐40dB

Opticalisolator min 30dB

Side‐modesuppressionratio min 30dB

Maximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mW

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Table 21 Specifications DDR100 (Single Band) & DDR200 (Dual band)

PowerConsumption,max DDR100(200) 90(180) W

Dimensions WxDxH300x130x700mm

Weight <12 Kg

Table 22 Specifications DDR300 (Triple Band) & DDR400 (Quad Band)

PowerConsumption,max DDR300(400) 270(360) W

Dimensions WxDxH300x220x700mm

Weight <24 Kg

Table 23 Available Products, American Cellular

System ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHz

Pout,DL,

dBm

(Composite)

Standard

LTELB 698‐716728‐746 33 FCC

LTEUB 746‐776* 776–806†

†. Sub‐bandsavailable

33 FCC

iDEN 806‐824 851‐869 33 FCC

Cellular 824‐849 869‐894 33 FCC

PCS1900 1850‐1915 1930‐1995 33 FCC

AWS 1710‐1755 2110‐2155 33 FCC

Table 24 Available Products, American Public Safety

System

UL

Frequency

MHz

DL

Frequency

MHz

Pout,DL,

dBm

(Composite)

Nominal

Bandwidth

MHz

Nominal

Passband

Gain

Input/Output

Impedance

Ohms

Standard

VHF 150‐174150‐174 33 24(FCC);36(IC)†

†. 2MHzwithrequiredexternalduplexers

70 50 FCC

UHF 450‐512450‐512 33 62††

††.3MHztor1.5MHzwithrequiredexternalduplexers

70 50 FCC

700 793‐805763‐775 33 12 70 50 FCC

800 806‐824 851‐869 33 18 70 50 FCC

Class B Industrial Booster — ThisequipmentisaClassBIndustrialBoosterandisrestrictedtoinstallationas

anIn‐buildingDistributedAntennaSystem(DAS).

RF Exposure — Theequipmentoperatinginthe800MHzpublicsafetybandandtheUHFpublicsafetyband

complieswiththeFCCRFradiationexposurelimitssetforthforanuncontrolledenvironment.Thisequipment

shouldbeinstalledandoperatedwithaminimumdistanceof20centimetersbetweentheradiatorandyourbody.

Theequipmentoperatinginthe700MHzpublicsafetybandrequireaseparationdistanceofatleast36.2cm.This

distancemustbemaintainedbetweentheuserandantennawhentheproductisusedwitha5.5dBiantenna.

TheequipmentoperatingintheVHFpublicsafetybandrequireaseparationdistanceofatleast69.1cm.This

distancemustbemaintainedbetweentheuserandantennawhentheproductisusedwitha10.5dBiantenna.

Ifsystemwilloperateonmultiplebands,theseparationdistancerequiredshallbeequalto,orgreaterthan,the

bandwiththelargestseparationdistance.

SystemDescription

DDS

DeltaNode'sDDSseriesdistributedhighpowerradioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwith

aPreDistortionpoweramplifierthatsupportsallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassis

securestheperformanceinalmostanyenvironment.

FCC Standard

Table 25 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

NoiseFigure Typical 3dB

Delayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µs

InstantaneousBandWidth Max 15 MHz

PowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDC

OperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55

Casing IP65

Table 26 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS

RFFrequencyrange 88–2200MHz

Flatness +‐3dB

Opticaloutputpower Nominal 3mW

DFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nm

Opticalreturnloss <‐40dB

Opticalisolator min 30dB

Side‐modesuppressionratio min 30dB

Maximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mW

Table 27 SPECIFICATIONS DDS100 (Single Band) & DDS200 (Dual band)

PowerConsumption,max DDS100/200 90(180) W

Dimensions WxDxH300x130x700 mm

Weight <12 Kg

Table 28 SPECIFICATIONS DDS300 (Triple Band) & DDS400(Quad Band)

PowerConsumption,max DDS300/400 270(360) W

Dimensions WxDxH300x220x700mm

Weight <24 Kg

Table 29 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, AMERICAN CELLULAR

System ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHz DownlinkPowerRMS Standard

LTELB 698‐716728‐746 41 FCC

LTEUB 746‐776†

†. Sub‐bandsavailable

776–806†41 FCC

iDEN 806‐824 851‐869 41 FCC

Cellular 824‐849 869‐894 41 FCC

PCS1900 1850‐1915 1930‐1995 41 FCC

AWS 1710‐1755 2110‐2155 41 FCC

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

DDH

DeltaNode'sDistributedHighpowerradioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithafeed

forwardmulticarrierpoweramplifierthatsupportsallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65

chassissecurestheperformanceinalmostanyenvironment.

ETSI standard

Table 30 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

NoiseFigure Typical 3dB

Delayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µs

PowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDC

OperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55

Casing IP65

Table 31 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS

RFFrequencyrange 88–2700MHz

Flatness +‐3dB

Opticaloutputpower Nominal 3mW

DFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nm

Opticalreturnloss <‐40dB

Opticalisolator min 30dB

Side‐modesuppressionratio min 30dB

Maximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mW

Table 32 SPECIFICATIONS DDH100(Single Band)

PowerConsumption Typical 210 W

Dimensions WxDxH300x130x700mm

Weight <14 Kg

Table 33 SPECIFICATIONS DDH200(Dual Band)

PowerConsumption Typical 420 W

Dimensions WxDxH300x220x700mm

Weight <28 Kg

Table 34 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, EUROPEAN CELLULAR

System

Numberofcarriers

24816

Composite

Power

Powerper

carrier

Composite

Power

Powerper

carrier

Composite

Power

Powerper

carrier

Composite

Power

Powerper

carrier

TETRA 32 29 33 27 33 24

EGSM900 40 34 40 34 40 31 40 28

GSM1800 40 37 40 34 40 31 40 28

UMTS 43 40 43 37 43 34 43 31

2600 43 40 43 37

SystemDescription

FCC standards

Table 35 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

NoiseFigure Typical 3dB

Delayexcludingopticalfiber <0,5 µs

PowerSupply Mains 85–264 VACorVDC

OperatingTemperature ‐25‐+55

Casing IP65

Table 36 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS

RFFrequencyrange 88–2200MHz

Flatness +‐3dB

Opticaloutputpower Nominal 3mW

DFBLaseroutputWavelength1270‐1610 nm

Opticalreturnloss <‐40dB

Opticalisolator Min 30dB

Side‐modesuppressionratio Min 30dB

Maximumopticalinputpower nondestructive 10mW

Table 37 SPECIFICATIONS DDH100(Single Band)

PowerConsumption Typical 210 W

Dimensions WxDxH300x130x700mm

Weight <14 Kg

Table 38 SPECIFICATIONS DDH200(Dual Band)

PowerConsumption Typical 420 W

Dimensions WxDxH300x220x700mm

Weight <28 Kg

Table 39 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, AMERICAN CELLULAR

System ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHz Pout,DL,

dBm(RMS) Standard

LTELB 698‐716728‐746 43 FCC

LTEUB 746‐776†

†. Sub‐bandsavailable

776–806* 43 FCC

iDEN 806‐824 851‐869 40 FCC

Cellular 824‐849 869‐894 43 FCC

PCS1900 1850‐1915 1930‐1995 43 FCC

AWS 1710‐1755 2110‐2155 43 FCC

Note: Allspecificationssubjecttochangewithoutnotice.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

DMU – Remote head end

DeltaNodeDMU100seriesisapickuprepeaterthatcanprovidethesignalsoverfibertoaMasterUnitordirectlyto

upto4RemoteUnits.WhentheDMUisusedtotransmitthesignalstoaMasterUnit,theordinaryBGWisusedto

controlthesystem,butincasetheMasterUnitisnotneededanditconnectsdirectlytoupto4RemoteUnitsthe

DMUcanbeequippedwiththecompactgateway,RGW,toprovideforthesettingsandalarmhandlingfortheentire

system.

Figure 12 DMU – Remote head end

RemotecommunicationcanbedoneeitheroverEthernetifthatexistsinthelocation,ortheunitcanbeequipped

withamodemthatallowsittosetupatunneltoaCentralGatewayCGWwhereitcanbecontrolledremotely.The

modemisnormallyastandard3Gmodembutotheroptionsmaybepossibleifneeded.

ItispossibletobuildtheDMUwithmorethanoneband.However,dependingonthetypesofbandsandthe

necessaryduplexersitmayneedtobeverifiedwithDeltaNodethatyourcombinationofbandsarepossibleifthe

RGWistobeincluded.

ThechassisisthesameasfortheDeltaNodeRemoteUnits(singlechassis)andcanhandleasingleband.

SystemDescription

Intheexamplein

Figure13

,theDMUisusedtopickupthesignalataremotelocationandthenitistransmittedon

thefibertofourdifferentlocationsthatneedcoverage.TheRUcanbeconnectedtocoaxialspreadingnetworksif

needed.

Figure 13













DMU Feeding Remote Units

In

Figure14

,theDMUisfeedingaMasterUnit(BMU)whichinturnfeedstheRemoteUnits(RU).Thisisafarmore

flexiblesolutionandshouldbepreferredwhenitispossible.

Figure 14





 







DMU Feeding BMU

TheDMUisusuallynotequippedwithapowerfulPowerAmplifier(PA)intheuplinkbecausetheideaofusingitisto

placetherepeaterwherethereisagoodsignal.Thepowerlevelmatchesthatofamobilephone.

Chapter 3 System design

Fiber‐DASisawayofdistributingradiosignalsfromabasestationtoaremotelylocatedantennawherethecoaxial

cablelosseswouldbetoohighoritisimpracticaltoinstallcoaxialcables.Fiber‐DAScanbeusedindoorstocover

largebuildingswhereoutsidepenetrationofradiosignalsisnotsufficient,itcanbeusedtocoverstructuressuchas

tunnelsforrail,orroads,airports,metrolinesandmanyotherplaces.

Thischapterprovidesthebasicsofsystemdesignandavoidingcommonpitfalls.Allfiber‐DASsharesomecommon

propertiesastheyareanextensionofanexistingsignalintoanareawherethereislittleornocoverage.

The Basics

Thereissomebasicknowledgeyoushouldbefamiliarwithwhendesigningasystem.Inthissectionwewilldiscuss

themostimportantelementsofdesigntohelpyoudesignyoursystem.

Alinkbudgetisawayofcalculatingtherequiredsignallevelsforthebasestationandthemobilestationand

matchingthisagainstyoursystemdesign,thelossesinthecables,theantennafactorsandothersuchparametersgo

intoalinkbudget.

WhenyouhavedonearoughlinkbudgetyoushouldusetheDAScalculatorandcalculatethesettingsofeachuplink

anddownlinkinthesystem.

Example:Youhaveasystemwith3remoteunitsandtheyarealldualband850/1900forCDMAandGSM.Your

systemhas6uplinksand6downlinkswherethesignalmayproceedfromantennatobasestationorviceversa,in

unitonethereisone850RFstripandone1900RFstripformingtwoRFchainswithuplinksanddownlinks.

TheDAScalculatormayyieldadifferentnoisefigurefromtheoneyouinitiallyassumedwhenyoudidyourlink

budget.Thisisfine,youmayinsertthenewnoisefigureinyourlinkbudgetandobservetheresult.

Whenyouhavedoneyourcalculationsyoualreadyknowthesettingsofthesysteminprincipleandyoucannow

commissionit.UsingthesettingsfromtheDAScalculatorasabasisyoucanconnecttothesystemandsetitupone

unitatatime,moreaboutthatin

Chapter5"Commissioning"onpage40

Link Budgets

Thestartingpointistocreateaviablelinkbudgetforyoursystem.Aslinkbudgetsarecalculateddifferentfor

differentsystemsyoumaywanttotakesometimeandstudytypicallinkbudgetcalculationsforthetypeofservices

youareusing.

Youdonotneedtocreatelinkbudgetsforallofyourremotesandallfrequencybands.Doitfortheworstcaseonly

foreachservice,thatshouldbeenough.Thisisthenormalprocedureanditisusuallynotdifficulttofindtheworst

casescenario.Lookforthehighestlossbetweenthebasestationandtheantenna,includingthefiberlossbetween

MasterUnitandRemoteUnitandanysplitlossaftertheRemoteUnituntilyougettothelastantenna.

Ifyouareusingradiatingcables,thencalculatewiththelossoverthemaximumlengthofradiatingcableyouneed

tosupportandfindtheRemoteUnitthathasthehighesttotallossfromtheUserEquipment(mobilestation)tothe

BaseStationend.

Systemdesign

Downlink

Forthedownlinkyoucanusuallyjustusetheoutputpoweroftheremoteunitandthencalculateyourlinkbudget.

Rememberthatifyouhaveseveralcarriers,youneedtocalculateyourlinkbudgetwiththisinaccount.Foreach

newcarrieryouadd,thepowerpercarriergoesdownasthepowerontheRemoteUnitisdividedontoallthe

(active)downlinkcarriers.

Tocalculatethe“percarrier”outputpower,

Table40

containsalistofmodifiersthatareappliedtotheoutput

poweroftheremoteunit.

Table 40 Per carrier loss

Asyoucanseethereisacorrelationthatwheneverthenumberofcarriersdoublethepercarrierpowerislowered

withanother3dB.Thustheformulaforanynumberofcarrierswillbe:

PCarrier PComposite 10 10logNCarriers

–=

Theoutputpowerforeachtypeofremoteunitandfrequencybandcanbefoundinthedatasheetsin

"Remote

Unit(RU)"onpage18

wheretherelevantparametersforeachremotesystemarediscussed.

Remembertousethepercarrierpowerinyourlinkbudgetandnotthecompositebecauseifasyoukeepadding

carrierstothesystemthepowerpercarrierwillbelower.Ifyouareplanningonaddingadditionalcarriersinthe

futureyoushouldplanyoursystemforthemaximumforeseeablenumberofcarriers.

Followingisanexampleofalinkbudget.ThislinkbudgetisalsoincludedintheDASCalculatorpackage.Ifyoudo

nothavethispackagecontactDeltaNodeSolutionstoreceiveacopy.

Uplink

Uplinkcalculationsgenerallyrelyonhavingthenoisefigureathandbeforesothatthedesensitizationofthebase

stationcanbecalculated.Howeversincethenoisefigureisdependentonthelinkbudget,weshouldbeableto

calculateacrudelinkbudgetatfirst,getourgainstraightandthenwhenwearedoneweshouldbeabletocalculate

thepropernoiseloadusingtheDASCalculatorTool(willbehandledin

Chapter6"RFCommissioning"on

page41

).Thereforewewillassumeastandardnoisefigurefornow,properlyadjustedtheDeltaNodeFiber‐DAS

solutionhasaNFoflessthan3dBperuplink.

AreasonableassumptionfortheNFisaround3dB,ifweshouldgetabetterorworseNFlaterwhentheDAS

Calculatorisemployedwewilljustgobackandcorrectthelinkbudgetsforthis.

SystemUplinkNetGain

ThenetgainisthetotalgainintheuplinkfromtheRemoteUnitporttotheinputportonthebasestation.Thischain

lookssomethinglikethis:

Figure 15

Antenna

RemoteUnit Fiber

FOI

FOICard

POI

POIunit

BIU

BTS

BaseStation

50dB ‐40dB 20dB ‐35dB 7dB

‐80dBm ‐30dBm ‐70dBm ‐50dBm ‐85dBm ‐78dBm

‐2dB

‐80dBm

Uplink Net Gain

12345678910

0 -3.0 -4.8 -6.0 -7.0 -7.8 -8.5 -9.0 -9.5 -10.0

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Intheillustrationin

Figure15onpage28

thereisaninputsignaltotheremoteof‐80dBm.Theneachstepofthe

chainhasgainorattenuationasshown,thefiberlossisintotal40dB,theFOIissetto20dBgain,thelossthrough

thePOIis35dB,theBIUissetto7dBgainandthelossonthejumperbetweentheMasterUnitandtheRadioBase

Stationis2dB.

ThismeansthatthesignallevelenteredintotheRemoteUnitisseenbythebasestation.Thisisconsideredan

optimalpointsettingfortheuplinkwhenitcomestosignallevel.Ifthenetgainintheuplinkispositive,wealsoput

noiseontothebasestationandwilldesensitizeitsreceiver.Thismaynotbeaproblem,iftheBaseStationis

dedicatedtoonlytheFiber‐DASsystemthenapositivenetgainisnotaproblembecauseanydesensitizationcaused

byincreasedgainiscompensatedbyanequalincreaseintheusefulsignalslevel.ThusmaintainingthesameC/I.

HoweveriftheBaseStationisalsocoveringanoutdoorareaorhasotherantennasconnectedtothesamesector

thenapositivenetgainwillcauseadesensitizationofthereceiverfortheotherantennaandthisisgenerally

speakingabadthing.

Thesystemalsohasathermalnoiseloadthatitwillputonthebasestation,justlikeanantenna.Thenoisefigureof

thesystemcanbedeterminedbyusingtheFiber‐DAScalculatorexcelsheet.Thetotalnoiseisalsoanaccumulation

ofthenoiseposedbyeachchainandthenetgainofthesystem.

Ifwehaveasystemwith4equallysetupchains,andeachchainhasanoiseloadof3dBandthenetgainis0dB

thenthenoiseloadonthesystemwillbearound9dB.

IfwedecreasethenetgainintheuplinkwecanlowerthisnoiseasthesystemNFcanbeconstruedastheNF+Net

gainuplinktimesthenumberofequalchains.Sincethechainsarenotinfactequal,theywillhavedifferentNFand

differentgainslightlyitmaybeagoodideatocalculatethetotalnoiseload:

Table 41

Chain NF Gain N. Load Comment

Total Noise Load, Unadjusted

Byloweringthenetgainto‐5dBonallchainswegetthefollowing:

Table 42

Chain NF Gain N. Load Comment

Total Noise Load, Adjusted

ThisissimilartotheBTSownnoisefigurewhichgenerallyis2‐4dBdependingonthesystem.Thiskindof

desensitizationthenbecomesatradeoffbetweencoverageareaintheuplinkandthenoiseloadonthebase

station.

13.2-1.2 2.0

1 2.3 +2.3 4.6

2 2.8 +4.0 6.8 This is very high

34.0-2.8 1.2

Total 10.2

1 3.2 -5 -1.8

12.3 -5 -2.7

2 2.8 -5 -2.2

34.0 -5 -1

Total 4.1 Similar to a BTS own NF

Systemdesign

Addingnoisefromeachparallelchainisthendonethroughtheformula:

NLTotal 10 10log10

NF1G1+

-------------------------

NF2G2+

------------------------- 10

NFnGn

-----------------------

+++







Note:ThisisdifferentfromFriis

formulawherethenoisesourcesare

cascaded,hereeachnoisecontribution

arejustaddedinlinearandthen

convertedbacktodecibels.

Where:

NFisthenoisefigureforeachchain

NListhetotalnoiseload

Gisthegainofthechainintotal

Whenthesensitivityhasbeencalculateditistimetomakeaproperlinkbudgetandfindoutifthesystemwillcover

theexpectedareas.

Herearesomeexamplesonlinkbudgetcalculationswhereyoucaninsertthenoisefigureofthesystem.These

calculationsarealsoincludedontheDAScalculatortoolandlinkbudgetsforothersystemsshouldalsobeincluded.

CDMAcanbecalculatedsimilarlytoWCDMAifthegrossdataratesetcarecorrected.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Table 43 Example of GSM link budget

Linkbudget GSM with Fiber DAS



DOWNLINK

OutputpowerDASremoteunit 30.0 dBm 

Numberofcarriers 2.0 pcs Thisgivesthepercarrierpower

Powerpercarrier 27.0 dBm 

SplitlossfromRUporttolastantenna 6.0 dB

Cablelosses 4.0 dB 

DASantennagain 3.0 dB 

EIRP 20.0 dBm 

MSNoisefloor ‐121.0 dB 

MSNF 3.0 dB 

MSC/I 12.0 dB 

MSFadingmargin 6.0 dB 10dBforvehiclemovements

Penetrationloss 0.0 dB Usedforinvehicle(10dBforcar)

AntennagainMS 1.0 dB 

BodylossMS 5.0 dB 

Requiredsignallevel ‐96.0 dBm Designtarget

AllowedpathlossfromantennatoMS 116.0 dB 

RadiatingcablecouplinglossC95 70.0 dB Onlywhenusingradiatingcable

Lossper100m4.0dBOnlywhenusingradiatingcable

Maximumlengthofradiatingcable 1149.5 m



UPLINK

SpectralnoisefloorofBTS ‐121.0 dBm 

NoisefigureBTS 3.0 dB 

C/IforBTS 9.0 dB 

BTSoriginalnoisefloor ‐118.0 dBm 

BTSoriginalsensitivity ‐109.0 dBm 

Fadingmargin 6.0 dB 

FiberDASthermalnoisefloor ‐121.0 dBm 

NoisefigureDASlink 3.0 dB 

Numberofequallinks 3.0 pcs 

Systemnetgain 0.0 dB Ifyournoiseloadishighyoushouldlowerthis

DASNoiseresult ‐118.0 dBm 

NoiseloadonBTSwithDAS ‐115.0 dBm 

DesensitizationonBTS 3.0 dB 

NewBTSSensitivity ‐106.0 dBm 

LossfromBTStoremoteantenna 7.0 dB 

Sensitivityatremoteantenna ‐99.0 dB 

Fadingmargin 6.0 db 

Penetrationloss 0.0 dB 

AntennagainMS 1.0 

BodylossMS 5.0 

Requiredsignallevel ‐89.0  

MSOutputpower 30.0 dBm For900use33dBmfor18/1900bandsuse30

AllowedpathlossfromMStoantenna 119.0 dB 

Balancedownlink‐uplink ‐3.0 dB Thisshouldpreferablybe+/‐5dB

RadiatingcablecouplinglossC95 70.0 dB Onlywhenusingradiatingcable

Lossper100m4.0dBOnlywhenusingradiatingcable

Maximumlengthofradiatingcable 1224.5 m

Systemdesign

Table 44 Example WCDMA link budget

WCDMA LINK BUDGET

RECEIVER SENSITIVITY AND NOISE

Noisefloor ‐108.2 dBm 

ReceiverNF 6.0 dB 

RXnoisepower ‐102.2 dBm 

Interferencemargin 3.0 dB 

RXinterferencepower ‐102.2 dBm 

Noiseplusinterferencepower ‐99.2 dBm 

Requestedbitrate 64.0 kbit Videocall=64.voice=12.2

Grossbitrate 3840.0 kbit 

Processgain 17.8 dB 

RequiredEb/No 5.0 dB 

Fastfadingmargin 4.0 dB 

Receiversensitivity ‐107.9 dBm 

DOWNLINK CALCULATION

OutputpowerDASremoteunit 30.0 dBm 

Numberofcarriers 1.0 pcs Thisgivesthepercarrier

power

Powerpercarrier 30.0 dBm 

SplitlossfromRUporttolast

antenna 6.0 dB

Cablelosses 4.0 dB 

DASantennagain 3.0 dB 

EIRP 23.0 dBm 

MSAntennagain 5.0 

MSBodyloss 3.0 

MSMinimumlevel ‐109.9 dBm 

Allowedpathloss 137.9 dB 

UPLINK CALCULATION

OutputpowerofMS 21 dBm Maximumpower

AntennagainMS 5.0 dB 

BodylossMS 3.0 dB 

EIRPMS 23.0 dBm 

Uplinknetgain ‐10 dB 

SensitivityatRUport ‐117.9 dBm 

SplitlossfromantennatoRU 6.0 dB 

Cablelossesfromantennato

RU 4.0 dB 

DASantennagain 3.0 dB 

Antennasensitivity ‐110.9 dBm 

Allowedpathlossuplink 133.9 dB 

Balancedownlink‐uplink 4.0  

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Multiple bands

Theflexibilityofthesystemallowsforupto4bandsinoneremoteforthelowandmediumpowerremoteunits.The

high‐powerversionallows2bandsinthesamechassis,mainlybecausethepoweramplifiersaremorebulky.

Thismeansthatitisveryeasytodeployasystemfordifferentbands.Thefiberlinkisultrawidebandandcanbe

usedbetween88MHzupto2700MHzthuscoveringfromtheVHFendofthespectrumuptothelatestLTEbands.

EachbandneedstohavetheirseparateBIUintheMasterUnit.Theuplinkanddownlinksignalscanthenbe

combinedinthePOIormaybeseparateallthewayintotheFOI.TheFOIhastwoinputsandoutputsandcanthus

beconnectedtotwobandsdirectly.

Figure 16 Dual Band System Connection Diagram

900MHz

1800MHz BIU

BIU

FOI

FOI RU

POI

Figure16

showstwoBIUcardsinterfacingwithtwoRadioBaseStations.Inthiscasetheycouldbea900GSM

stationandone1800GSMstationasanexample.Itcouldinfactbeanycombinationofserviceandfrequencyband

suchasLTE‐900orWCDMA850.

Systemdesign

EachBIUhasacombinedUL/DLporttowardsthebasestationandontheothersidethereareseparateUL/DLports.

TheBIUhasanuplinkamplifierandadownlinkattenuatorthatcanbeset.Thesignalsarethenconnectedtothe

POI’s4couplingfieldstoit’scommonports.Thesignalisthensplitonto8portsinthedownlinkandcombinedfrom

8portsintheuplink.FromthePOItherearethenpatchestoeachFOIcardintheframe(8inthisillustrationper

uplinkanddownlink)andthe900and1800signalarekeptseparateuntiltheFOI.

Itisnotnecessarytokeepthemseparated;theycouldbecombinedforacommonuplinkanddownlink.However,

doingsomeansthatyouhavefeweroptionsinadjustingthesignallevelswiththegainblockandattenuators,in

eachRFchain.

Multiple operators

ThesamewayasmultiplebandsandservicescanbeconnectedtotheMasterUnititisalsopossibletoconnect

severaloperators.InfactthisisoneofthekeystrengthsofaFiber‐DASsystembecauseitisaccesstechnology

agnostic.Thismeansthatitispossiblewithinthesamebandtomixdifferentaccesstechnologies–ifcareistakento

avoidproblemswhenmixingGSMandCDMAinthesamesystembecauseoftheveryslowandunsophisticated

powerregulationintheGSMuplink.

Whendesigningsuchasystem,careshouldbetakentoplacetheantennastoavoidanyusersgettingtoocloseand

causingtheRemoteUnittogointolimitmode.

Base station interface

ItisrecommendedthateachoperatoroperatestheirownBIUbecauseotherwisethesettingsoftheBIUmayaffect

morethanonesystemorservice.ThiswaydependingonthesettingsoftheindividualBaseStationtheBIUcanbe

adaptedproperlytogetthemostoutofthesystem.

Remote Unit

Multipleoperatorscanshareoneremoteunit.Doingsomeansthatconsiderationshouldbegiventothenumberof

carriersfromeachoperator,sothattheycanfulfilltheirrespectivelinkbudgets.Iftheoperatorshavealarge

numberofcarriers,suchasforsomeGSMoperatorswhoeasilyhave6,8even12carriersitwouldbebettertosplit

themuponseparateamplifiersintheRemoteUnitorevenseparateunitsaltogether.

FOI

TheFOIcanbesharedamongtheoperators.Itisrecommendedtoseetothatthedownlinksignallevelsaresimilar

sothattheysharetheavailablebandwidthofthelaserproperly.Similarlyintheuplink

POI

Whencombiningmultipleoperatorsitisoftenusefultocombinealltheoperators’uplinksandsplitallthe

downlinksonaper‐bandbasis.ThismeansthatifyouhavemorethanoneFOIinthesystemyoushouldlikelyneed

touseanotheroneplusahybridcombiner/splitter.

Hereisaschematiconhowthiscanbeachieved:

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Full system example

HereisanexampleofafullsystemshowingtheMasterUnitandthefibersthatgoesofftotheRemoteUnits(not

showninthisexample)withmultipleoperatorsandalargenumberoffrequencybands.

Figure 17

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/ /

Full System Connection Diagram

Block1:HerearealltheBaseStationInterfaceUnits(BIU)cardsforallthefrequencybandsandtheoperators.Inthis

exampletwooperatorsmayshareoneBIU.Thefirstunit1:1isforFMradiowhichisonlyDownlinkasitisbroadcast.

Thesecondunit1:2isforasafetybluelightserviceusingtheTETRAsystemon400MHz.ThentherearetwoBIU’s

1:3and1:4forGSM900,similarforGSM1800andforUMTS2100andLTE2600.

Block2:ThisisthePointofInterconnect(POI)whereallthesignalsfromtheoperatorsarecombinedonthefour

couplingfieldsofthefirstPOI(2:1).TherearetwoULfieldsandtwoDLfields.Thecommonportsarethenfedintoa

hybridcombiner(2:3,2:4)andontothesecondPOI(2:2)wherethesignalsaresplituptoconnecttoalltheFiber‐

opticInterfaces.

Block3:Thesearethefiber‐opticinterfaces(FOI)andinthisexampleupto16FOIcardsmaybeconnectedforatotal

of16RemoteUnitsifthereareoneRemoteUnitperfiber.ItispossibletouseuptofourRemoteUnitsonasingle

fiber.

Block4‐6:Thesearesupportingunitssuchaspowersupplies,theBGWwhichisthealarmandcontrolcomputerin

thesystemandtheEthernetSwitchthatconnectsthecommunicationbetweenallunitsintheMasterUnitandalso

handlesthecommunicationswiththeRemoteUnits.

Systemdesign

Figure 18

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Full System Rack View

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

TheBlocknumbersandthenumbersinthecirclesrefertothenumbersonthepreviousconnectiondrawing.The

firstframe(BLOCK1)holdsalltheBIUinterfaces.Forclaritytheinterconnectingcablesarenotshownhere.The

secondshelf(BLOCK2)isthe2POIunitsandthehybridcombiner(2:3and2:4)ishiddeninsidethecabinet.

Thethirdframe(BLOCK3)holdstheFOIcards,upto16cardscanbeheldinonesuchframe.ThenthereistheBGW

computer(BLOCK4)tyingallthecommunicationtogetherandprovidingthewebinterfaceforsettingupand

controllingthesystem.TheBGWalsohasanoptional“northbound”fire‐walledconnectionthatcanbeconnectedto

yourownnetworkforremotesupervision,alarmandcontrol.ItcanevenbetunneledovertheInternetproviding

thereisaCGWunitwherethetunnelterminates.

BeneaththeBGWisaframecontainingaretwoPSU’s(BLOCK5).Theycanbeupgradedtofourunitstoprovide

redundancyforthisexample,twodifferentPSU’scanfeedthesameframe.

TheEthernetSwitch(BLOCK6)islocatedatthebottom,thisiswhereyouconnectalaptoptosetupandcommission

thesystem.

Chapter 4 Installation guidelines

ForCMRS817‐824MHzApplications:

Thisdevicecomplieswithpart15oftheFCCrules.Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:(1)This

devicemaynotcauseharmfulinterferenceand(2)thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,including

interferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperation.

Health and Safety

DeltaNodeDASsystemisanadvancedsystemandshouldbehandledbyskilledstaff.DeltaNodearehappytooffer

trainingofinstallationserviceprovidersinthecasethisisnecessary.

Readallavailabledocumentationandwarningsbeforehandlingtheequipment.Equipmentfailuresduetoimproper

handlingarenormallynotcoveredbytheproductwarranty.

Respectallwarningsignsontheequipmentandinthedocumentation.Makesuretoonlyoperatetheequipmenton

frequenciesallowedtouse.Donotmodifytheequipment.

TheequipmentcontainsaClass3BlaserandtheequipmentisClass1.DoneverlookintotheLaserbeamdirectlyor

indirectly,itisstronginvisiblelightandmaycauseseriousdamagetohumaneyes.

Alwaysuseprotectivecapsonfiberandconnectorendswhenfiberisremovedfromsocket.Alwayscleansocketand

connectorafterafiberhasbeenremovedbeforeitisreconnected.

Makesuretokeeppasswordsandotheroperationalinformationawayfromunauthorizedpersonnel.

Installing the Master Unit and Remotes

Allequipmentmustbeproperlygrounded.Thismeansthatthegroundpeginthemainsconnectorforbothhead‐

endgear(MasterUnit)andremotegear(RemoteUnits)mustbeconnectedtoPhase,NeutralandGroundina

properwaybeforetheplugisinsertedintheunit.

Thechassisoftheremoteandtherackofthemasterunitshouldbegroundedtoapotentialbarorsafetygrounding

barwhenoperated.Allelectricalinstallationsshouldbedonebyacertifiedelectricianonly.

WARNING

ThisisNOTaconsumerdevice.

ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEor

expressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.YouMUSTregisterClassBsignalboosters(asdefinedin

47CFR90.219)onlineatwww.fcc.gov/signal‐boosters/registration.Unauthorizedusemayresultin

significantforfeiturepenalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation.

WARNING

ThisisNOTaconsumerdevice.

ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEor

expressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.Unauthorizedusemayresultinsignificantforfeiture

penalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation.

WARNING

Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.

ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Notsafetoview

withopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Safety and Care for fibers

Everytimeafiberisdisconnectedandre‐connectedcareshouldbetakentoavoidgettingdustontheconnectoror

inthereceptacle.Cleanwithadryfibercleaningtoolbeforereconnectingthefiberatalltimes.Asinglespeckof

dustcanseverelyimpactthetransmission.Donottouchthefiberendswithyourfingers.Thatwillleavegreaseon

theconnectorsandmaycausesevereproblems.

WARNING

Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.

ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfra‐redcoherentlight.Notsafetoview

withopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles.

Chapter 5 Commissioning

Preparations

Theminimumofpreparationsnecessaryaretohavethesystemdocumentationwhichshouldincludethefollowing

itemsatleast:

Thesystemlayoutandblockschematic

Aconnectiondiagramforthehead‐endMasterUnit

Thetypeofconnectorsandtappersusedtointerfacetothebasestationports

ThenumberofcarriersforeachoftheBIUthatthebasestationsconnectsvia

Maximumoutputpowerforeachservicefromthebasestations

Fiberlossesshouldbedocumentedbeforehandsothatyoucancomparewhatthesystemactually

measures

Sectorizationinformation,whichsectorsshouldgotowhichremotes

DAScalculatorsheetsshowingtheexpectedsettingsforeachoftheRFchainsinuplinkanddownlink.

InformationaboutEthernetconnectionifthesystemshouldbemonitoredbyremote.Howtoconnectitto

theInternetforremoteviewingunlessyouareusingamodem.

Necessary tools

Thetoolsnecessarytocommissionthesystemincludes:

Onelaptopforchangingthesystemsettings,checkinganyalarmsandstatus.Onlysoftwareneededisa

webbrowser.OperatingsystemcanbeWindows,LinuxorMacasyouprefer.

Spectrumanalyzertomeasuretheuplink.Thesystemreliesontesttonemeasurementsintheuplinkand

thereforeitisimportanttohaveequipmenttomeasurethem

SMAtooltobeabletoconnectordisconnectBTScablesfromtheBIU.

QMAadaptersoyoucanmeasuresignalsdirectlyonthehead‐endunitssuchastheFOI,BIU,POIandso

on.

Software

Noparticularsoftwareisnecessaryexceptamoderngraphicalbasedwebbrowser.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Chapter 6 RF Commissioning

Inordertomaketheprocessmoreclearforthispartofthemanualwewillconsidersettingupafictitioussystem,

butbasedonastandardapproachatdoingFiber‐DAS.Thesystemthatweareconsideringwillhavetwofrequency

bands,let’sassumeGSM900MHzandUMTS2100MHz.Theexamplewillhave2sectorswithtworemotesineach

sector.Ofcourseyoursystemmaylookdifferent,bemoreorlesscomplexbutinordertomakeitclearhowthe

systemissetupthisshouldprovideyouwithastartingpoint.

Setting up the uplink

SettinguptheuplinkmeanstoadjustthesystemforanoptimalworkingpointfromtheantennaportoftheRemote

UnittotheactualinputontheRadioBaseStation.Thiscanbedoneindifferentwaysdependingonhowthesystem

isdesigned.Wewillherediscussastandardset‐upstartingwithasmallblockschematicshowinghowthesystemis

connected.

Figure 19



























     

System Interconnect Diagram

Themainparameterthatwewillbediscussingisthe”netgain”ofthesystem.Thismeansthetotalchangeinsignal

fromtheRemoteUnitantennaporttothereceiverportonthebasestation.Therearedifferentwaysofsettingthis

systemupbutwewilllookata0dBnetgainsystemwhichisagoodstartingpointformostsystems.

ThesystemgaincanbecalculatedasthegainintheRemoteUnit–Lossonfiber+FOIgain–POIloss+BIUgain–

couplerloss.Basicallythistakesformofalinkbudgetandhereisanexample:

Table 45

Unit/Component Gain/Loss (dB) Accumulated Gain/Loss (dB)

RemoteUnit(RU)

Fiber‐OpticCable

FOI

POI

BIU

Coupler

Example Link Budget

BasicallythismeansthatwhateverisinputattheantennawillalsobeseenatthesamelevelfortheRadioBase

Stationreceiver.Thisisnotabadstartingpointbutdoesnottakeintoaccountthenoiseloadonthebasestation

whichwillincreasesomewhatwiththissetup

40 40

-10 30

20 50

-35 15

015

-15 0

RFCommissioning

Noise load on Radio Base Station

Thesystemwillinevitableaddsomenoisetothereceiver.Properlysetupthenoisefigureinasystemlikethiswillbe

betterthan3dB.However,ifthegainissetuppoorly(notenoughgainintheremote,toomuchgaininthehead‐

end)itispossibletocreateaverybadnoisefigure.InordertoavoidthistheFiber‐DASCalculatorshouldbeusedto

calculatethenoisefigureofthesystemintheuplink.

IfyouhavenotfamiliarizedyourselfwiththeFiber‐DASCalculatorthenIsuggestyoudosobeforemovingoninthis

manual.ThefiguresintheFiber‐DAScalculatorrelatestothesettingsofallstepsinthechain.Byusingthecalculator

youcanfigureoutthepropersettingsonceyouknowthefiberlossbetweentheRemoteUnitandtheMasterUnit.

LetusassumeyourhavearrivedataNoiseFigureNFof3dBforthischain.Howeveryoursystemmaycontainmore

remotes,perhapsconnectedlikethis:

Figure 20

































!



   

Multiple RU Connection Diagram

Nowthenoiseloadcanbecalculatedbyaddingthenoisecontributionfromeachstepofthechain.Belowisan

exampleofnoisefiguresfromeachoftheremotes:

Table 46

Chain NF Gain Noise Load

RU1

RU2

RU3

RU4

SumofNoiseLoad

BaseStation

Fiber‐DASNoiseLoad

TotalNoiseintoBTS

Desensitization

Noise Load

ThereisasheetintheFiber‐DAScalculatorthatletsyouaddyourfiguresandthatwillcalculateitforyou.

2.8 0.0 2.8

3.2 1.0 4.2

3.8 -2.0 1.8

2.6 -1.0 1.6

8.7

4.0

8.0

9.5

-5.5

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Whatweseehereisthatifwesetthesystemupinthisfashionwewilldesensitizethebasestationwithabout5,5

dB.ThiscanbeokayifthebasestationcoverageisonlythroughtheFiber‐DASsystembutifthebasestationisalso

beingusedforoutdoorcoverageitisnotgood.Weneedtochangethenetgaintoreflectthis.Ingeneralweshould

loweroursothatwedesensitizetheBTSonlyabout3dB.Thisvalueisagoodcompromiseandsimilartoaddinga

secondantennatothesamereceiverport(whichiskindofwhatwearedoingwiththeFiber‐DAS).

Herearethenewvalues:

Table 47

Chain NF Gain Noise Load

RU1

RU2

RU3

RU4

SumofNoiseLoad

BaseStation

Fiber‐DASNoiseLoad

TotalNoiseintoBTS

Desensitization

Adjusted Noise Load

Asyoucanseeweshouldsetthesystemupwithanetgainofabout‐5dB.Goingbacktothesettingswehadbefore

whichwas:

Table 48 Example Link Budget

Unit/Component Gain/Loss (dB) Accumulated Gain/Loss (dB)

RemoteUnit(RU)

Fiber‐OpticCable

FOI

POI

BIU

Coupler

WeonlyneedtochangetheBIUsettingusingtheattenuatorsintheBIUtolowerthegainwith5dB.Thiswill

accomplishwhatweneedtodoandtheuplinkshouldthenbecommissioned.

2.8 -5.5 -2.2

3.2 -5.5 -1.8

3.8 -5.5 -1.2

2.6 -5.5 -2.4

4.1

4.0

4.1

7.1

-3.1

40 40

-10 30

20 50

-35 15

015

-15 0

RFCommissioning

Practical approach

Nowthatweknowwhatweshouldhavewecaneasilysetthesystemup.Youneedaspectrumanalyzertodothis

anditiseasiesttoconnectitintotheBIUport.Rememberthatwhenyoumeasurehere,thesignalshouldalsogo

throughtheBTScouplerbeforeitreachesthebasestationreceiverport.Thereforeyoushouldexpecttoreada

valuethatis

Yourexpectedgain+thelossinyourcoupler

Ifyouwantanetgainof‐5dBandyouhavea15dBcoupler,youshouldreadanetgainof+10ontheBIUport.This

isnowwhatwearegoingtouseinthefollowingexample.

































!



   



"#

Turn on the RF

ConnecttotheBIUandturnontheRF.Settheattenuatorinthemediumrangefortheuplinkthatyouare

measuring.Thisallowsyoulatertoadjustitupanddownasnecessarytogetthecorrectgainfortheuplinkchain.

Settingthemto10dBisagoodidea.DLsupervisioncanbeleftasisfornowandalsoDLattenuationwhichwewill

setuplater.

ConnecttotheFOIcardandselectOptoandRF–RFConfigandsetitupaccordingtoyourFiber‐DAScalculator

settings.DonotforgettoturnRFon.

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Nextstepistoconnecttotheremoteunitandsetitupfortestmeasurementintheuplink.

InthisscreenyoushouldalsoturnRFon,setthegaintoabout35dBasastartingpointandthenturnontheuplink

testtone.Notethefrequencyofthetesttone,thisisthefrequencyyoushouldbemeasuringonyourspectrum

analyzer.

RFCommissioning

Turnonthespectrumanalyzer,makesureitisconnectedtotherightportontherightBIUandthenfindthe

frequency.Areasonablespanis1MHzandthereceiverbandwidthcanbesetto30kHzorsimilar.Usethemarkerto

measurethepeakofthesignal.Thengotothenextscreenontheremoteunit,theRFStatusscreen.

WhatwearelookingforhereistheTesttoneLevel.Notethisdownaswell,nexttothefrequencyofthetesttone

younotedearlier.

Thencheckyourspectrumanalyzer.Assumingyourtesttonelevelis‐62,6dBmasinthisexampleyourspectrum

analyzermayshow‐58,2dBm.CalculatingthenetgainbetweentheRUandtheBIUwillthenyield‐58,2‐‐62,5=4,3

dB.SubtractthecouplerbetweentheBIUandtheradiobasestationwhichinthisexamplewas15dBandweget‐

19,3dBasournetgain.

Wewanted‐10dBsowehave9,3dBtoolowgain.Weshouldthenincreasethegainandthebestplacetodothis

wouldbeintheremoteunitbysettingthegainat35+9,3=44,3whichwewillroundto44dB.

Thatuplinkisnowfinishedandwewillrepeatthesettingsforallofouruplink,oneatatime.

CAUTION

TurnOffTestTone

Donotforgettoturnoffthetesttonewhenyouaredonewithyouruplink.Bettercheckoneextratime.Theywill

otherwiseinterferewiththenormaloperationofthesystembycausingnoisetothebasestation.

Chapter 7 Model Identification

System Model Numbers

Examples:

DDR4-GC0-PA1-AD — 4band,33dBmpoweroutputperband,Fullband700combinedwithCell850non

duplexed,PCScombinedwithAWSduplexed,ACpowered,7/1 6 DIN,1310nmuplink

DDR4-GC0-PA1-AD-B12-C34-WUBCS — 4band,33dBmpoweroutputperband,Fullband700combined

withCell850nonduplexed,PCScombinedwithAWSduplexed,ACpowered,7/1 6 DIN,Bands1and2(700and850)

1290nmuplink,Bands2and3(PCS&AWS)1310nmuplink,CWDM,fibersplit(3dB)fordaisychainedremotes

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ModelIdentification

Remote End Unit Part Numbers

Note: Theremoteendunitsarecompletelyintegratedatthefactory,thereisnofieldassemblyother

thanmountingandcableconnection.Modulesshouldnotbealteredoncedeployed.

Public Safety DDR Module Numbers

Part Number Frequency Band IC Certification Number

MOD‐DDR‐VVHF‐136‐174MHz 110141A‐DDR1V

MOD‐DDR‐UUHF‐450‐470MHz 110141A‐DDR1U

MOD‐DDR‐QT‐Band‐470‐512MHz 110141A‐DDR1Q

MOD‐DDR‐F700MhzPS 110141A‐DDR1F

MOD‐DDR‐S800MHzPS 110141A‐DDR1S

Cellular DDR Module Numbers

Part Number Frequency Band IC Certification Number

MOD‐DDR‐G700cellfullband 110141A‐DDR700FB

MOD‐DDR‐C850cellband 110141A‐DDR850

MOD‐DDR‐P1900PCS 110141A‐DDR1900

MOD‐DDR‐A2100AWS 110141A‐DDR2100

MOD‐DDR‐E2600 110141A‐DDR2600

FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS)

Deltanode Solutions DDR003 700MHz Full Band Cellular Remote (33dBm) User Manual Fiber Distributed Antenna System DAS

Deltanode Solutions AB 700MHz Full Band Cellular Remote (33dBm) Fiber Distributed Antenna System DAS

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