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Unified measurement software UMS Reference manual Version: 2.19 DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000247100 by Reto Pfenninger, Eva Sediva, Sören Boyn, Jennifer L.M. Rupp D-MATL, ETH Zürich Table of Content List of devices supported by UMS: ................................................................................................................3 Function reference: ..........................................................................................................................................4 Preforming of memristors .............................................................................................................................. 4 Cyclic voltammetry ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Pulsed experiments ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Simple loggers ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Oven control programs ................................................................................................................................ 20 Impedance measurement............................................................................................................................ 23 Mass flow controller ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Galvanostatic cycling ................................................................................................................................... 25 High precision galvanostatic cycling ........................................................................................................... 26 List of devices supported by UMS: The unified measurement software currently supports the devices listed below. Please keep in mind that the functionality was adapted to our needs so there might be functionalities which are not yet implemented in a specific device. Keithley measurement devices: Keithley 740 Keithley 2000 Keithley 2001 Keithley 2182A Keithley 2601B Keithley 2602B Keithley 2612B Keithley 2700 Keithley 2701 Keithley 6517B Keithley 7001 Keithley 6220 Keithley 4200 SCS Tektronix devices: Tektronix AFG2021 Tektronix AFG3021C Power supplies: TTI QL564TP Impedance bridges: Gamry Reference 600 Zahner IM6 Solartron 1260 Oven controllers: Eurotherm 2404 Eurotherm 2416 Eurotherm 3216 Eurotherm 3500 Eurotherm nanodac GPIB Adapters: Prologix GPIB-USB Adapter Prologix GPIB-Ethernet Adapter Function reference: General remarks: If not stated otherwise, all function arguments are in SI units. Arguments, which already have a default value, do not need to be specified if you want to keep them at the default value. Before passing the device to a function, make sure you initailized it. Code examples are set in this particular font Preforming of memristors preforming_ramp(device,start_voltage,ramp_speed_1,top_voltage,hold_time,ramp_spe ed_2,end_voltage,compliance_current=0,new_row=False, GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_I,data_V_t,data_I_t] This function is used to preform memristors before they are cycled. Argument Unit device start_voltage ramp_speed_1 Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date only keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B and keithley_2612B and keithley_6517B can be used. Keep in mind that keithley_6517B has no compliance current capability. V Where you want to start V/s top_voltage V hold_time s ramp_speed_2 Remark V/s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait Needs to be negative end_voltage V You can also set this voltage equal to bottom_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch compliance_current A CC (Default=0 means no CC is applied) new_row Default: Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make False a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Default: Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not True appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. preforming_ramp_with_current_limit(device,start_voltage,ramp_speed_1,top_voltage ,hold_time,ramp_speed_2,end_voltage,stop_current,new_row=False, GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_I,data_V_t,data_I_t] This function does basically the same as the above one, but was especially designed for the High resistance meter Keithley 6517B which does not support compliance currents. Therefore we replaced it by a certain „stop_current“. Argument Unit device start_voltage ramp_speed_1 Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date only keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B and keithley_2612B and keithley_6517B can be used. Keep in mind that keithley_6517B has no compliance current capability. V Where you want to start V/s top_voltage V hold_time s ramp_speed_2 Remark V/s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait Needs to be negative end_voltage V You can also set this voltage equal to bottom_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch stop_current A If this specific current value is reached, the function immediately stops and no further voltage is applied. new_row Default: Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make False a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Default: Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not True appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. preforming_ramp_with_current_hold_time(device,start_voltage,ramp_speed_1,top_vol tage,hold_time,ramp_speed_2,end_voltage,compliance_current=0,trigger_current=0,t rigger_hold_time=0,new_row=False,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_I,data_V_t,data_I_t] This function does a usual preforming as the preformin_ramp function with the additional possibility to add a certain trigger_current after which the function only runs for the amount of time specified in trigger_hold_time and then stops immediately even if the hold_time is set for some longer time. Argument Unit device start_voltage ramp_speed_1 Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date only keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B and keithley_2612B and keithley_6517B can be used. Keep in mind that keithley_6517B has no compliance current capability. V Where you want to start V/s top_voltage V hold_time s ramp_speed_2 Remark V/s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait. In this case it does not make sense to set this value low since you usually want the current to rise over time till trigger_current is reached. Needs to be negative end_voltage V You can also set this voltage equal to bottom_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch compliance_current A CC (Default=0 means no CC is applied) trigger_current A (Default=0 means deactivated) After the here specified current has been reached (can be at any time), a second counter starts to run which will wait for trigger_hold_time seconds to stop the whole function trigger_hold_time s (Default=0 means sudden stop after trigger_current has been reached). This variable states how many seconds the function should run more after trigger_current has been reached. new_row Default: Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make False a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Default: Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not True appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. Cyclic voltammetry cycling(device,start_voltage,ramp_speed_1,top_voltage,top_hold_time,ramp_speed_2 ,bottom_voltage,bottom_hold_time,end_voltage,n,compliance_current_pos=0,complian ce_current_neg=0,new_row=False, GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_I,data_V_t,data_I_t] Argument Unit device start_voltage ramp_speed_1 Remark Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date only keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B and keithley_2612B and keithley_6517B can be used. Keep in mind that keithley_6517B has no compliance current capability. V Where you want to start V/s top_voltage V top_hold_time s ramp_speed_2 V/s bottom_voltage V You can also set this voltage equal to end_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch bottom_hold_time s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait end_voltage V You can also set this voltage equal to bottom_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch n You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait Needs to be negative Number of cycles you want to run compliance_current_pos A CC in positive branch. Needs to be positive compliance_current_neg A CC in negative branch. Needs to be positive new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. cycling_two_channels(device,start_voltage_1,start_voltage_2,ramp_speed_1_1,ramp_ speed_1_2,top_voltage_1,top_voltage_2,top_hold_time_1,top_hold_time_2,ramp_speed _2_1,ramp_speed_2_2,bottom_voltage_1,bottom_voltage_2,bottom_hold_time_1,bottom_ hold_time_2,end_voltage_1,end_voltage_2,n_1,n_2,compliance_current_pos_1=0,compl iance_current_pos_2=0,compliance_current_neg_1=0,compliance_current_neg_2=0,new_ row=False,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_I_1,data_V_t_1,data_I_t_1,data_V_I_2,data_V_t_2,data_I_t_2] Blue is for Channel A and Green for Channel B Argument Unit device start_voltage_1 ramp_speed_1_1 Remark Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date only keithley_2602B and keithley_2612B can be used. V Where you want to start V/s top_voltage_1 V top_hold_time_1 s ramp_speed_2_1 V/s bottom_voltage_1 V You can also set this voltage equal to end_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch bottom_hold_time_1 s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait end_voltage_1 V You can also set this voltage equal to bottom_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch n_1 You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait Needs to be negative Number of cycles you want to run compliance_current_pos_1 A CC in positive branch. Needs to be positive compliance_current_neg_1 A CC in negative branch. Needs to be positive start_voltage_2 V Where you want to start ramp_speed_1_2 V/s top_voltage_2 V top_hold_time_2 s ramp_speed_2_2 V/s bottom_voltage_2 V You can also set this voltage equal to end_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch bottom_hold_time_2 s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait end_voltage_2 V You can also set this voltage equal to bottom_voltage. Then you only cycle in the positive branch n_2 You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait Needs to be negative Number of cycles you want to run compliance_current_pos_2 A CC in positive branch. Needs to be positive compliance_current_neg_2 A CC in negative branch. Needs to be positive new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. cycling_unipolar(device,start_voltage,ramp_speed_1,set_voltage,set_hold_time,com pliance_current,ramp_speed_2,wait_before_reset_time,reset_voltage,reset_ramp_rat e,reset_hold_time,n,new_row=False, GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_I,data_V_t,data_I_t] This function is optimized to test memristors for unipolarity. In normal cycling a compliance current is either applied globally or not at all. It is therefore possible, that unipolar switching behavior can not be asessed Argument Unit device start_voltage ramp_speed_1 Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date only keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B and keithley_2612B can be used. V Where you want to start V/s set_voltage V set_hold_time s compliance_current A ramp_speed_2 Remark V/s wait_before_reset_time s reset_voltage V reset_ramp_rate V/s reset_hold_time s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait Needs to be negative You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait This ramp rate is applied to both. Reset-ramp-up and resetramp-down You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait n Number of cycles you want to run new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. cycling_current(device,start,ramp_speed_1,top,top_hold_time,ramp_speed_2,bottom, bottom_hold_time,end,n,maximum_voltage,new_row=False,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_I,data_V_t,data_I_t] Argument Unit device start ramp_speed_1 Remark Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date only keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B and keithley_2612B can be used. Keep in mind that keithley_6517B DOES NOT WORK for this function as it has no compliance current capability. A The applied current with which you want to start A/s top A The top current you want to reach. (However you have no influence if your device will be conductive enough to ever exactly reach that point.) top_hold_time s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait ramp_speed_2 A/s Needs to be negative bottom A You can also set this current equal to end. Then you only cycle in the positive branch bottom_hold_time s You can also set this to 0. Then it does not wait end A You can also set this voltage equal to bottom. Then you only cycle in the positive branch n maximum_voltage Number of cycles you want to run V The global maximum voltage you allow the device to apply in order to reach the beforehand specified ramps. Keep in mind that the device itself also has some limitations regarding this variable (mostly ether 40V or 200V depending on the device used) new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. Pulsed experiments pulse_rnone(device_smu,device_function_generator,V_peak,const_pulse_width,time_b etween_pulses, num_pulses,new_row=False,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_t_2,data_I_t_2,data_cycle_R_2,data_cycle_post_R_2] This function just measures the current responce to a series of voltage pulses - there is no reading voltage and the currents starts and ends at zero voltage. Argument Unit Remark device_smu Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B can be used. device_function_generator Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date tektronix_AFG2021C and tektronix_AFG3021C can be used. V_peak V Specifiy the peak voltage you want to be applied to the device. const_pulse_width s Specify the with of the individual pulses time_between_pulses s Specify the wait time between different pulses num_pulses How many pulses should be applied in total till the function ends new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. pulse_rsquare(device_smu,device_function_generator,V_peak,const_pulse_width,time _between_pulses, num_pulses,time_at_zero, V_read,alternate=True,new_row=False,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_t_2,data_I_t_2,data_cycle_R_2,data_cycle_post_R_2] This function allows you to measure also the resistance during (depending on the time scale) and between pulses. - that means that there is a square reading scheme between the pulses. Argument Unit Remark device_smu Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B can be used. device_function_generator Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date tektronix_AFG2021C and tektronix_AFG3021C can be used. V_peak V Specifiy the peak voltage you want to be applied to the device. const_pulse_width s Specify the with of the individual pulses time_between_pulses s Specify the wait time between different pulses num_pulses How many pulses should be applied in total till the function ends time_at_zero s How long should the system remain at 0V V_read V Specify the read voltage alternate Default: Either True or False If set to True, every 2nd pulse has opposite True polarity new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. In case you put a negative V_peak voltage into the pulse_rsquare function then the reading voltage becomes automatically also negative. This is due to voltage spikes occurring when changing voltage polarity. pulse_rbipolar(device_smu,device_function_generator,V_peak,const_pulse_width,tim e_between_pulses, num_pulses,time_at_zero, V_read, alternate=True, new_row=False,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_V_t_2,data_I_t_2,data_cycle_R_2,data_cycle_post_R_2_plus, data_cycle_post_R_2_minus] This function allows you to measure also the resistance during (depending on the time scale) and between pulses. There is a bipolar pulse reading scheme between the pulses. This is an advantage over a constant reading scheme since the device will not be disturbed. No resistence will be measured during the time at zero. This is just an option to leave the current to equilibrate. Argument Unit Remark device_smu Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B can be used. device_function_generator Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date tektronix_AFG2021C and tektronix_AFG3021C can be used. V_peak V Specifiy the peak voltage you want to be applied to the device. const_pulse_width s Specify the with of the individual pulses time_between_pulses s Specify the wait time between different pulses num_pulses How many pulses should be applied in total till the function ends time_at_zero s How long should the system remain at 0V V_read V Specify the read voltage alternate Default: Either True or False If set to True, every 2nd pulse has opposite True polarity new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. The bipolar read between the pulses ensures that no memristance change occurs during the reading process (a change during a positive reading pulse will be reversed with a negative reading pulse). Is a good choice for sensitive devices or higher reading voltages. Simple loggers Those functions are kept very simple for the case one just needs to monitor some measurement without further requirements. voltage_logger(device,total_measurement_time,bias_current=0,new_row=False, GUI=True) Argument Unit device Remark Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B, keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. total_measurement_time s How long you want to log the voltage bias_current A Specifiy the bias current you want to be applied to the device. Default = 0 means no bias at all new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. current_logger(device,total_measurement_time,bias_voltage=0,new_row=False, GUI=True) Argument Unit device Remark Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B, keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. total_measurement_time s How long you want to log the voltage bias_voltage V Specifiy the bias voltage you want to be applied to the device. Default = 0 means no bias at all new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. resistance_2w_logger(device,total_measurement_time,new_row=False, GUI=True) Measures resistance with 2-wire setup Argument Unit device total_measurement_time Remark Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B, keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. s How long you want to log the voltage new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. resistance_4w_logger(device,total_measurement_time,new_row=False, GUI=True) Measures resistance with 4-wire setup Argument Unit device total_measurement_time Remark Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B, keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. s How long you want to log the voltage new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. temperature_logger(device,total_measurement_time,sensor=“K“,num_of_channels=1,ne w_row=False, GUI=True) Argument Unit device total_measurement_time Remark Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. s How long you want to log the voltage sensor Default: Specify which type of thermocouple you will be using. Choose K from J,T,S,E,R,B,N,K num_of_channels Default: Which channels do you want to use. (Not working at the 1 moment) new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. temperature_current_logger(device_temperature,device_smu,total_measurement_time, bias_voltage,sensor=“K“,new_row=False, GUI=True) Argument Unit Remark device_temperature Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. device_smu Pass the SMU device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B can be used. total_measurement_time s How long you want to log the voltage bias_voltage V Put the voltage value the SMU should source during the experiment. sensor Default: Specify which type of thermocouple you will be using. Choose K from J,T,S,E,R,B,N,K new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. Oven control programs sintering(device_temperature,device_oven,temperature_values,ramp_rate,stabilizat ion_time,sensor=“K“,GUI=True) Argument Unit Remark device_temperature Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B, keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. device_oven Pass the oven device you want to use for this function. To date eurotherm_2404, eurotherm_2416, eurotherm_3216 can be used. temperature_values ramp_rates stabilization_times sensor GUI °C Can be a single value like 850 or an array of values like [200,400,600,800]. Then those values are all run to with the ramp_rate specified and hold for as long as stabilization_time K/min NOT SI unit Set the ramp rate(s). Can be a single number or an array like [300,400,500] s How long a temperature should be kept after having ramped to that value. Default: K Specify which type of thermocouple you will be using. Choose from J,T,S,E,R,B,N,K Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. arrhenius_dc(device_temperature,device_smu,device_oven,temperature_values,ramp_r ates,stabilization_times,voltage_values,measurement_time=60,continuous_voltage=T rue,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_T_t,data_P_t,data_I_t,data_R_T] Argument Unit Remark device_temperature Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. device_smu Pass the SMU device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B, keithley_6517B can be used. device_oven Pass the oven device you want to use for this function. To date eurotherm_2404, eurotherm_2416, eurotherm_3216 can be used. temperature_values ramp_rates °C Can be a single value like 850 or an array of values like [200,400,600,800]. Then those values are all run to with the ramp_rate specified and hold for as long as stabilization_time K/min NOT SI unit Set the ramp rate(s). Can be a single number or an array like [300,400,500] stabilization_times s How long a temperature should be kept after having ramped to that value. voltage_values V [Array] or single number of voltage value(s) you want to apply to the device at each temperature specified under temperature_values. measurement_time s How many seconds you want to perform the actual measurement per each voltage specified. Default is 60 sec continuous_voltage Default: True GUI Specify if you want the voltage to be applied during the whole time (also while ramping) or just after the stabilization for the time specified in measurement_time. If set to True, the variable voltage_values cannot be an array but just a single value. Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. arrhenius_ac(device_temperature,device_oven,device_impedance,temperature_values, ramp_rates,stabilization_times,number_of_repetitions=1,start_frequency=0.1,end_f requency=1.0e6,ac_amplitude=0.1,bias=0,num_points_per_decade=10,path="/home/elec trochem/lost_data",GUI=True) There is no return value to this function since the whole data gets already safed to a file specified. Argument Unit Remark device_temperature Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2000, keithley_2001, keithley_2700, keithley_2182A can be used. device_oven Pass the oven device you want to use for this function. To date eurotherm_2404, eurotherm_2416, eurotherm_3216 can be used. device_impedance Pass the impedance bridge device you want to use for this function. To date Zahner_IM6, Solartron or Gamry Reference 600 can be used. temperature_values ramp_rates stabilization_times °C Can be a single value like 850 or an array of values like [200,400,600,800]. Then those values are all run to with the ramp_rate specified and hold for as long as stabilization_time K/min Set the ramp rate(s). Can be a single number or an array like NOT SI [300,400,500] unit s number_of_repetitions How long a temperature should be kept after having ramped to that value. Specify how many times the impedance measurement should be repeated to get better signal to noise. Default=1. This variable should not be changed at the moment since it produces unexpected result and does not work with all the impedance bridges so far! You have been warned! start_frequency Hz Specify the lower frequency boundary at which your device should be measured. Default is 0.1 Hz. However the measurement not always starts at this frequency. This depends on the impedance bridge. end_frequency Hz Specify the higher frequency boundary at which your device should be measured. Default is 1 MHz. However the measurement not always starts at this frequency. This depends on the impedance bridge. Much higher frequency usually don't make sense and you start measuring your not propperly setup cables. ac_amplitude V Specify the voltage amplitude with which you want to excite your system. The higher the less noise but the more you also affect and change the system by measuring it. Default is 0.1V bias V Specify a bias voltage during impedance measurement to better separate electrode contributions. Default is no bias num_points_per_decade path GUI How many datapoints should be measured on your final logarithmic impedance plot. Default is 10 and mostly sufficient to fit the data. Filepath Specify a path to which you have write-access where the datafiles from the different spectra should be safed to. It is suggested to make a new folder somewhere in the umdata path. Default is /home/electrochem/lost_data Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. Impedance measurement impedance(device_impedance, start_frequency, end_frequency, ac_amplitude=0.05, bias=0, num_points_per_decade=10, new_row=False, GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_Zi_Zr,data_freq_mod,data_bias_ampl_time_range_err_temp] Argument Unit device_impedance Remark Pass the impedance bridge device you want to use for this function. To date Zahner_IM6, Solartron or Gamry Reference 600 can be used. start_frequency Hz Specify the lower frequency boundary at which your device should be measured. Default is 0.1 Hz. However the measurement not always starts at this frequency. This depends on the impedance bridge. end_frequency Hz Specify the higher frequency boundary at which your device should be measured. Default is 1 MHz. However the measurement not always starts at this frequency. This depends on the impedance bridge. Much higher frequency usually don't make sense and you start measuring your not propperly setup cables. ac_amplitude V Specify the voltage amplitude with which you want to excite your system. The higher the less noise but the more you also affect and change the system by measuring it. Default is 0.1V bias V Specify a bias voltage during impedance measurement to better separate electrode contributions. Default is no bias num_points_per_decade How many datapoints should be measured on your final logarithmic impedance plot. Default is 10 and mostly sufficient to fit the data. new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. Mass flow controller mfc(device_mfc,stabilization_times,flow_rates,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_F_t,data_FP_t] Pass the following device to this function as an example: voegtlin_gsc = voegtlin_gsc("/dev/ttyUSB0",[12,3]) The first argument "/dev/ttyUSB0" is the corresponding USB port on that Linux-machine, and the array [12,3] specifies that the Modbus-Addresses 12 and 3 are used by the devices we want to communicate with. Argument Unit Remark device_mfc stabilization_times flow_rates Pass the mass flow controller device you want to use for this function. To date only voegtlin_gsc can be used. s Specify the time a certain flow should be kept in each step. You can either use a scalar if you only have one stabilization time or an array if you have multiple. [ string or modbus-address, Specify for each stabilization step, which sccm ] flowmeters should have which set-flow. Use a 3d-array for multiple flowmeters at multiple steps. See below for more information. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. flow_rates example: You can specify this array in 3 different ways. It can be in the following manner [ [ [ "gastype1" or modbusnumber , set_flow ],[...] ] , [...] ] for example: [[["Air 5000",1000],["N2 300",50]],[["Air 5000",500],["N2 300",150]]] Assuming you have two stabilization times, this will set Air-flow to 1000 sccm and N2 to 50 sccm in the first step and Air-flow to 500 sccm and N2 to 150 sccm in the second step. or if only one gas used: [ [ "gastype1" or modbusnumber , set_flow ] , [...] ] for example: [["Air 5000",1000],["Air 5000",700],["Air 5000",100]] Assuming you have 3 stabilization times, this will set Air-flow to 1000 sccm in the first step to 700 sccm in the second step and finally to 100 in the 3rd step. or if only one gas and one flow used: [ "gastype1" or modbusnumber , set_flow ] for example: ["Air 5000",1000] In this case during all step 1000sccm Air will be used Galvanostatic cycling galvanostatic_cycling(device_smu,current_1,target_voltage_1,hold_time_1,hold_cur rent_1,current_2,target_voltage_2,hold_time_2,hold_current_2,n=1,ocv_measurement _time=0,set_I_zero_after_cycle=False,new_row=False,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_0,data_1,data_2,data_3] Argument Unit Remark device_smu Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B can be used. current_1 A Specify the constant current which should be applied in the first stage of either charge or discharge. (Note: different currents can be set for charge and discharge) target_voltage_1 V Specify the voltage to which the cell should be charged or discharged hold_time_1 s Time to stay at target_voltage_1 after reaching it hold_current_1 A Wait at target_voltage_1 until the current drops to this value or hold_time_1 is over, whatever condition comes first. current_2 A Specify the constant current which should be applied in the second stage of either charge or discharge. (Note: different currents can be set for charge and discharge) target_voltage_2 V Specify the voltage to which the cell should be charged or discharged hold_time_2 s Time to stay at target_voltage_2 after reaching it hold_current_2 A Wait at target_voltage_2 until the current drops to this value or hold_time_2 is over, whatever condition comes first. n ocv_measurement_time Number of cycles the cell should be tested for. (Can be an array for rate capability testing) s How long the open circuit voltage should be measured prior to any cycling Set_I_zero_after_cycle Disconnects the electrochemical cell galvanically from the measurement device after the cycle new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. Galvanostatic cycling examples: You can specify arrays for the purpose of rate capability testing. galvanostatic_cycling(device_smu,[10e-9,100e-9,10e-9], 4.1,0,0,[-10e-9,-100e-9,10e-9], 1.1,0,0,n=[10,5,10], ocv_measurement_time=60) this example: will perform 10 cycles at 10 nA of current followed by 5 cycles at 100 nA and then go back to 10 cycles at 10 nA. OCV is measured for 1 minute and the cycling range is between 1.1 Volts and 4.1 Volts. High precision galvanostatic cycling This function is intended to be used in combination with a high precision current source such as Keithley 6220 series in order to cycle under most stable low currents. Note that the function is similar to the previous description, but a second device file (the current source) has to be provided in addition. The current source is exclusively dedicated to providing stable ultra-low currents. galvanostatic_cycling_nano(device_voltmeter,device_current_source,current_1,targ et_voltage_1,hold_time_1,hold_current_1,current_2,target_voltage_2,hold_time_2,h old_current_2,n=1,ocv_measurement_time=0,set_I_zero_after_cycle=False,new_row=Fa lse,GUI=True) Return value are the following arrays: [data_0,data_1,data_2,data_3] Argument Unit Remark device_smu Pass the device you want to use for this function. To date keithley_2601B, keithley_2602B, keithley_2612B can be used. device_current_source Pass the device you want to use for ultra-low high precision current to be sourced. To date only keithley_6220 can be used. current_1 A Specify the constant current which should be applied in the first stage of either charge or discharge. (Note: different currents can be set for charge and discharge) target_voltage_1 V Specify the voltage to which the cell should be charged or discharged hold_time_1 s Time to stay at target_voltage_1 after reaching it hold_current_1 A Wait at target_voltage_1 until the current drops to this value or hold_time_1 is over, whatever condition comes first. current_2 A Specify the constant current which should be applied in the second stage of either charge or discharge. (Note: different currents can be set for charge and discharge) target_voltage_2 V Specify the voltage to which the cell should be charged or discharged hold_time_2 s Time to stay at target_voltage_2 after reaching it hold_current_2 A Wait at target_voltage_2 until the current drops to this value or hold_time_2 is over, whatever condition comes first. n ocv_measurement_time Number of cycles the cell should be tested for. (Can be an array for rate capability testing) s How long the open circuit voltage should be measured prior to any cycling Set_I_zero_after_cycle Disconnects the electrochemical cell galvanically from the measurement device after the cycle new_row Either True or False If set to True, the plotting window will make a new row and the display looks nicer. GUI Either True or False If set to False, the plotting window will not appear at all. Can be used for „silent“ measurements without real-time graphical output. Galvanostatic cycling examples: galvanostatic_cycling_nano(device_smu, device_current_source, 10e-9, 4.2,0,0,10e-9, 1.1,0,0,n=100, ocv_measurement_time=120) this example: will perform 100 cycles at 10 nA of current. OCV is measured for 2 minute and the cycling range is between 1.1 Volts and 4.2 Volts. You can specify arrays for the purpose of rate capability testing. galvanostatic_cycling_nano(device_smu, device_current_source, [10e-9,100e-9,10e9], 4.1,0,0,[-10e-9,-100e-9,-10e-9], 1.1,0,0,n=[10,5,10], ocv_measurement_time=60) this example: will perform 10 cycles at 10 nA of current followed by 5 cycles at 100 nA and then go back to 10 cycles at 10 nA. OCV is measured for 1 minute and the cycling range is between 1.1 Volts and 4.1 Volts.
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