Furuno USA 9ZWRTR060 Marine Radar User Manual operators manual

Furuno USA Inc Marine Radar operators manual

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MODEL 1833C MARINE RADAR

MODEL 1933C MARINE RADAR

MODEL 1943C MARINE RADAR

MODEL 1953C MARINE RADAR

COLOR VIDEO PLOTTER GD-1900C

Back

Your Local Agent/DealerYour Local Agent/Dealer

9-52 Ashihara-cho,9-52 Ashihara-cho,

Nishinomi

a, Ja

anNishinomi

a, Ja

Tele

hone :Tele

hone : 0798-65-21110798-65-2111

Telefax :Telefax : 0798-65-42000798-65-4200

FIRST EDITION :FIRST EDITION : APR.APR. 20012001

Printed in JapanPrinted in Japan

ll ri

hts reserved.

ll ri

hts reserved.

E :E : FEB.FEB. 13,200213,2002

PUB.No.PUB.No. OME-35030OME-35030

*00080919801**00080919801*

(( HIMAHIMA )) M1833C SER & GD1900CM1833C SER & GD1900C * 0 0 0 8 0 9 1 9 8 0 1 ** 0 0 0 8 0 9 1 9 8 0 1 *

*OME35030E00**OME35030E00*

* O M E 3 5 0 3 0 E 0 0 ** O M E 3 5 0 3 0 E 0 0 *

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD

Do not open the equipment.

Only qualified personnel

should work inside the

equipment.

Turn off the radar power

switch before servicing the

antenna unit. Post a warn-

ing sign near the switch

indicating it should not be

turned on while the antenna

unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of

being struck by the rotating

antenna and exposure to

RF radiation hazard.

Wear a safety belt and hard

hat when working on the

antenna unit.

Serious injury or death can

result if someone falls from

the radar antenna mast.

Do not disassemble or modify the

equipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can

result.

Turn off the power immediately if water

leaks into the equipment or the equip-

ment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can cause

fire or electrical shock.

Use the proper fuse.

Fuse rating is shown on the power cable.

Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage

to the equipment.

Keep heater away from equipment.

Heat can alter equipment shape and melt

the power cord, which can cause fire or

electrical shock.

CAUTION

A warning label is attached to the

equipment. Do not remove the label.

If the label is missing or damaged,

contact a FURUNO agent or dealer.

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not

remove cover. No user-serviceable

parts inside.

Name: Warning Label (1)

Type: 86-003-1011-0

Code No.: 100-236-230

WARNING

Radio Frequency

Radiation Hazard

The radar antenna emits electromagnetic

radio frequency (RF) energy which can be

harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never

look directly into the antenna aperture from

a close distance while the radar is in

operation or expose yourself to the trans-

mitting antenna at a close distance.

Distances at which RF radiation levels of

100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in the

table below.

Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a

close distance in front of the wheel house,

your administration may require halt of

transmission within a certain sector of

antenna revolution. This is possible - Ask

your FURUNO representative or dealer to

provide this feature.

MODEL Distance to

100 W/m2

point

Distance to

10 W/m2

point

MODEL

1833C Nil Worst case

0.50 m

MODEL

1933C

MODEL

1943C

Worst case

0.20 m Worst case

3.00 m

Nil Worst case

2.50 m

MODEL

1953C Nil Worst case

2.50 m

Worst case

2.30 m

XN-12A

XN-13A

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD................................................................................................................ viii

SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS........................................................................................ x

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW.................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Operating Controls...............................................................................................................1-2

1.1.1 Display unit controls ....................................................................................... 1-2

1.1.2 Remote controller........................................................................................... 1-4

1.2 Inserting a Chart Card..........................................................................................................1-5

1.3 Turning the Unit On/Off........................................................................................................1-6

1.4 Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Hue.............................................................................. 1-7

1.4.1 Display brilliance, panel brilliance................................................................... 1-7

1.4.2 Hue ................................................................................................................ 1-8

1.5 Selecting a Display .............................................................................................................. 1-9

1.5.1 Display modes................................................................................................ 1-9

1.5.2 Selecting a display ....................................................................................... 1-10

1.5.3 Switching control in combination and overlay screens.................................. 1-11

1.5.4 Selecting image source ................................................................................ 1-12

1.6 Trackball, Cursor................................................................................................................1-13

1.7 Entering the MOB Mark, Setting MOB as Destination....................................................... 1-14

1.8 Data Boxes.........................................................................................................................1-15

1.8.1 Showing, hiding data boxes with soft key ..................................................... 1-15

1.8.2 Rearranging data boxes ............................................................................... 1-16

1.8.3 Temporarily erasing a data box..................................................................... 1-16

1.9 Function Keys .................................................................................................................... 1-17

1.9.1 Executing a function..................................................................................... 1-17

1.10 Simulation Display .............................................................................................................1-18

2. RADAR OPERATION ............................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Radar Display.......................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Transmitting, Stand-by .........................................................................................................2-2

2.3 Tuning .................................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.4 Adjusting the Gain................................................................................................................ 2-2

2.5 Reducing Sea Clutter...........................................................................................................2-4

2.5.1 How the A/C SEA works ................................................................................. 2-4

2.5.2 Adjusting the A/C SEA.................................................................................... 2-4

2.6 Reducing Precipitation Clutter ............................................................................................. 2-5

2.6.1 Adjusting the A/C RAIN .................................................................................. 2-5

2.7 Range Scale......................................................................................................................... 2-6

2.8 Pulselength .......................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.9 Presentation Mode...............................................................................................................2-8

2.9.1 Selecting a presentation mode ....................................................................... 2-8

2.9.2 Description of presentation modes ................................................................. 2-9

iii

2.10 Measuring the Range......................................................................................................... 2-11

2.10.1 Measuring range by range rings ................................................................... 2-11

2.10.2 Measuring range by cursor ...........................................................................2-12

2.10.3 Measuring range by VRM .............................................................................2-13

2.10.4 Erasing a VRM, VRM indication....................................................................2-14

2.10.5 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes ......................................................................2-14

2.10.6 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes ........................................................................2-14

2.10.7 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes .......................................................................2-14

2.11 Measuring the Bearing.......................................................................................................2-14

2.11.1 Measuring bearing by cursor ........................................................................2-14

2.11.2 Measuring bearing by EBL............................................................................2-14

2.11.3 Erasing an EBL, EBL indication ....................................................................2-15

2.11.4 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes ......................................................................2-15

2.11.5 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes ........................................................................2-15

2.11.6 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes .......................................................................2-15

2.12 Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker ........................................................................... 2-16

2.13 Reducing Noise Interference .............................................................................................2-16

2.14 Rejecting Radar Interference.............................................................................................2-17

2.15 Zoom ..................................................................................................................................2-18

2.15.1 Zooming in on radar targets..........................................................................2-18

2.15.2 Zooming in on ARP, TTM targets ..................................................................2-18

2.16 Shifting the Picture.............................................................................................................2-19

2.16.1 Manual shift ..................................................................................................2-19

2.16.2 Automatic shift ..............................................................................................2-20

2.17 Using the Offset EBL .........................................................................................................2-21

2.17.1 Predicting collision course ............................................................................2-21

2.17.2 Measuring range & bearing between two targets ..........................................2-22

2.18 Echo Trails .........................................................................................................................2-23

2.18.1 Trail time.......................................................................................................2-23

2.18.2 Starting echo trails ........................................................................................2-24

2.18.3 Trail gradation...............................................................................................2-24

2.18.4 Trail color......................................................................................................2-25

2.18.5 Echo trail mode.............................................................................................2-25

2.19 Echo Stretch.......................................................................................................................2-26

2.20 Echo Averaging ..................................................................................................................2-27

2.21 Outputting TLL Data...........................................................................................................2-28

2.22 Guard Alarm .......................................................................................................................2-29

2.22.1 Setting a guard alarm zone...........................................................................2-29

2.22.2 When the alarm is violated… ........................................................................2-30

2.22.3 Cancelling the guard alarm ...........................................................................2-30

2.23 Watchman ..........................................................................................................................2-31

2.23.1 How watchman works...................................................................................2-31

2.23.2 Turning on/off watchman ..............................................................................2-31

2.23.3 Setting watchman stand-by interval ..............................................................2-31

2.24 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes ................................................................................... 2-32

2.25 Waypoint Marker ................................................................................................................2-33

2.26 ARP, TTM Operation.......................................................................................................... 2-34

2.26.1 Activating/deactivating ARP, TTM................................................................. 2-35

2.26.2 Acquiring and tracking targets (ARP)............................................................ 2-36

2.26.3 Displaying target number (ARP, TTM) .......................................................... 2-37

2.26.4 Terminating tracking of ARP targets.............................................................. 2-38

2.26.5 Setting vector attributes (ARP) ..................................................................... 2-39

2.26.6 Displaying past position (ARP) ..................................................................... 2-40

2.26.7 ARP, TTM target data................................................................................... 2-41

2.26.8 CPA/TCPA alarm (ARP) ............................................................................... 2-42

2.26.9 Lost target alarm (ARP)................................................................................ 2-43

2.27 Interpreting the Radar Display........................................................................................... 2-44

2.27.1 General ........................................................................................................ 2-44

2.27.2 False echoes................................................................................................ 2-46

2.27.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) .................................................... 2-48

2.27.4 Racon (Radar Beacon)................................................................................. 2-50

3. PLOTTER OPERATION ......................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Plotter Displays .................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Full-screen plotter display............................................................................... 3-1

3.1.2 Compass display............................................................................................ 3-3

3.1.3 Highway display ............................................................................................. 3-5

3.1.4 Nav data display............................................................................................. 3-6

3.2 Presentation Mode...............................................................................................................3-7

3.2.1 North-up......................................................................................................... 3-7

3.2.2 Course-up ...................................................................................................... 3-8

3.2.3 Auto course-up............................................................................................... 3-8

3.3 Shifting the Display .............................................................................................................. 3-9

3.4 Chart Scale ..........................................................................................................................3-9

3.5 Chart Cards........................................................................................................................3-10

3.5.1 Chart card overview ..................................................................................... 3-10

3.5.2 Indices and chart enlargement ..................................................................... 3-11

3.5.3 FURUNO and NavCharts™ charts............................................................... 3-12

3.5.4 C-MAP charts............................................................................................... 3-14

3.6 Working with Track.............................................................................................................3-18

3.6.1 Displaying track............................................................................................ 3-18

3.6.2 Stopping, restarting plotting of own ship track............................................... 3-19

3.6.3 Changing track color .................................................................................... 3-20

3.6.4 Track plotting method and interval for own ship track ................................... 3-21

3.6.5 Changing own ship track/mark distribution setting........................................ 3-22

3.6.6 Erasing track ................................................................................................ 3-23

3.7 Marks, Lines.......................................................................................................................3-25

3.7.1 Entering a mark, line .................................................................................... 3-25

3.7.2 Changing mark attributes ............................................................................. 3-25

3.7.3 Selecting line type ........................................................................................ 3-26

3.7.4 Erasing marks, lines..................................................................................... 3-27

3.8 Waypoints........................................................................................................................... 3-28

3.8.1 Entering waypoints....................................................................................... 3-28

3.8.2 Editing waypoint data ................................................................................... 3-31

3.8.3 Erasing waypoints.........................................................................................3-33

3.8.4 Changing waypoint mark size (FURUNO, NavCharts™)...............................3-34

3.8.5 Searching waypoints.....................................................................................3-35

3.9 Routes................................................................................................................................3-36

3.9.1 Creating routes .............................................................................................3-36

3.9.2 Connecting routes ........................................................................................3-40

3.9.3 Inserting waypoints .......................................................................................3-41

3.9.4 Removing waypoints from a route.................................................................3-43

3.9.5 Erasing routes ..............................................................................................3-43

3.10 Navigation ..........................................................................................................................3-44

3.10.1 Navigating to a “quick point” .........................................................................3-44

3.10.2 Navigating to waypoints................................................................................3-45

3.10.3 Navigating to ports, port services (NavCharts™ only)..................................3-46

3.10.4 Following a route ..........................................................................................3-48

3.10.5 Canceling route navigation ...........................................................................3-51

3.11 Alarms ................................................................................................................................3-52

3.11.1 Audio alarm on/off.........................................................................................3-52

3.11.2 Arrival alarm .................................................................................................3-53

3.11.3 Anchor watch alarm......................................................................................3-54

3.11.4 XTE (Cross-Track Error) alarm .....................................................................3-55

3.11.5 Speed alarm .................................................................................................3-55

3.11.6 Proximity alarm.............................................................................................3-56

3.11.7 Trip alarm .....................................................................................................3-57

3.11.8 Alarm information .........................................................................................3-58

3.12 Resetting Trip Distance...................................................................................................... 3-60

4. VIDEO SOUNDER OPERATION............................................................................ 4-1

4.1 Principle of Operation ..........................................................................................................4-1

4.2 Sounder Displays.................................................................................................................4-2

4.2.1 Selecting a sounder display ............................................................................4-2

4.2.2 Description of sounder displays ......................................................................4-3

4.2.3 Selecting screen split method in combination displays....................................4-8

4.3 Automatic Sounder Operation .............................................................................................4-9

4.3.1 How the automatic sounder works ..................................................................4-9

4.3.2 Types of automatic sounder modes ................................................................4-9

4.3.3 How to enable automatic sounder operation...................................................4-9

4.4 Manual Sounder Operation................................................................................................4-10

4.4.1 Selecting the manual mode ..........................................................................4-10

4.4.2 Selecting display range.................................................................................4-10

4.4.3 Adjusting the gain .........................................................................................4-10

4.4.4 Shifting the range.......................................................................................... 4-11

4.5 Measuring Depth, Time...................................................................................................... 4-12

4.6 Reducing Interference........................................................................................................4-13

4.7 Reducing Low Level Noise ................................................................................................4-14

4.8 Erasing Weak Echoes........................................................................................................ 4-15

4.9 White Marker......................................................................................................................4-16

4.10 Picture Advance Speed......................................................................................................4-17

4.10.1 Advancement independent of ship’s speed .................................................. 4-17

4.10.2 Advancement synchronized with ship’s speed.............................................. 4-18

4.11 Display Colors....................................................................................................................4-19

4.12 Alarms ................................................................................................................................4-20

4.12.1 Audio alarm on/off ........................................................................................ 4-20

4.12.2 Bottom alarm................................................................................................ 4-21

4.12.3 Fish alarm .................................................................................................... 4-21

4.12.4 Fish alarm (B/L)............................................................................................ 4-22

4.12.5 Water temperature alarm.............................................................................. 4-23

4.12.6 When an alarm setting is violated................................................................. 4-24

4.13 Water Temperature Graph ................................................................................................. 4-25

4.14 Interpreting the Sounder Display ....................................................................................... 4-26

4.14.1 Zero line....................................................................................................... 4-26

4.14.2 Bottom echo................................................................................................. 4-26

4.14.3 Fish school echoes ...................................................................................... 4-27

4.14.4 Surface noise/Aeration................................................................................. 4-27

5. CUSTOMIZING YOUR UNIT .................................................................................. 5-1

5.1 General Setup...................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Radar Setup......................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.2.1 Radar display setup........................................................................................ 5-3

5.2.2 Radar range setup ......................................................................................... 5-6

5.2.3 Function key setup ......................................................................................... 5-7

5.3 Plotter Setup ........................................................................................................................ 5-9

5.3.1 Navigation options.......................................................................................... 5-9

5.3.2 Function key setup ....................................................................................... 5-10

5.4 Chart Setup........................................................................................................................5-12

5.4.1 Chart offset................................................................................................... 5-12

5.4.2 FURUNO, NavCharts™ chart attributes....................................................... 5-13

5.4.3 C-MAP chart attributes ................................................................................. 5-15

5.5 Data Boxes Setup .............................................................................................................. 5-18

5.6 Hot Page Setup..................................................................................................................5-19

5.7 Navigator Setup .................................................................................................................5-21

5.7.1 Navigation data source................................................................................. 5-21

5.7.2 GPS receiver setup ...................................................................................... 5-22

5.7.3 TD display setup .......................................................................................... 5-25

5.8 Nav Data Display Setup..................................................................................................... 5-27

5.9 Sounder Setup ...................................................................................................................5-28

5.9.1 System setup ............................................................................................... 5-28

5.9.2 Sensor setup................................................................................................ 5-30

5.9.3 Sounding range, zoom range, bottom lock range ......................................... 5-31

5.9.4 Function key setup ....................................................................................... 5-32

vii

6. DATA TRANSFER.................................................................................................. 6-1

6.1 Memory Card Operations..................................................................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 Formatting memory cards ...............................................................................6-1

6.1.2 Saving data to a memory card ........................................................................6-2

6.1.3 Playing back data from a memory card...........................................................6-4

6.2 Uploading, Downloading Data ............................................................................................. 6-5

6.2.1 Setting communication software on the PC.....................................................6-5

6.2.2 Uploading or downloading data.......................................................................6-5

6.3 Loading Waypoint Data from Yeoman ................................................................................. 6-8

6.4 Receiving Data Via Network Equipment.............................................................................. 6-9

6.5 Outputting Data Through the Network ...............................................................................6-10

7. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................... 7-1

7.1 Preventive Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Replacement of Battery .......................................................................................................7-1

7.3 Replacement of Fuse........................................................................................................... 7-2

7.4 Trackball Maintenance......................................................................................................... 7-2

7.5 Simple Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................7-3

7.5.1 General...........................................................................................................7-3

7.5.2 Radar .............................................................................................................7-3

7.5.3 Plotter.............................................................................................................7-4

7.5.4 Sounder..........................................................................................................7-5

7.6 Diagnostics...........................................................................................................................7-6

7.6.1 Memory I/O test ..............................................................................................7-6

7.6.2 Test pattern.....................................................................................................7-9

7.6.3 Keyboard, remote controller test...................................................................7-10

7.7 GPS Status Display............................................................................................................ 7-11

7.8 Clearing Memories.............................................................................................................7-12

7.9 Error Messages..................................................................................................................7-13

APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................A-1

Menu Overview .............................................................................................................................A-1

Geodetic Chart List .................................................................................................................... A-10

World Time Chart ........................................................................................................................A-11

Icons .......................................................................................................................................... A-12

SPECIFICATIONS.....................................................................................................SP-1

INDEX...................................................................................................................Index-1

Declaration of Conformity

viii

FOREWORD

A Word to the Owner of the Model 1800C/1900C Series

Marine Radar, GD-1900C Color Video Plotter

FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the Model 1800C/1900C Series

Marine Radar, GD-1900C Color Video Plotter. We are confident you will discover why the

FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for

quality and reliability throughout the world. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our

extensive global network of agents and dealers.

Your equipment is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine

environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly

installed and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the operation and maintenance

procedures set forth in this manual.

We would appreciate feedback from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our

purposes.

Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO.

The example screens shown in this manual may not match the screens you see on your

display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and equipment settings.

Features

The 1800C/1900C series of radars and video plotters work within our new product-network

system called the “NavNet.” Each product has an IP address to communicate with NavNet

compatible products within the network, using TCP/IP protocol through an Ethernet

10BASE-T network.

The main features are as follows:

• The 1800C/1900C series of radars and video plotters consists of the following models:

Model Output Range

Radar

Antenna

Marine Radar Model 1833C 4 kW 36 nm 2 ft Radome

Marine Radar Model 1933C 4 kW 48 nm 3.5 ft Open

Marine Radar Model 1943C 6 kW 64 nm 4 ft Open

Marine Radar Model 1953C 12 kW 72 nm 4/6 ft, Open

Color Video Plotter GD-1900C — — —

• Bright 10.4” screen visible even under direct sunlight.

• User friendly operation with combination of discrete keys, soft keys, alphanumeric keys

and trackball.

• Accepts FURUNO and Nav-charts™ (NAVIONICS) charts, or C-MAP charts, depending

on specification.

• Fast chart redraw.

• Built-in NavNet interface circuit board.

• Video input (video recorder, CCD device, etc.) available with installation of optional PIP

Board.

• 12-channel GPS Receiver GP-310B with highly accurate position fixing optionally

available.

• User programmable function keys.

• Video sounder picture available with connection of the optional Network Sounder

ETR-6/10N.

SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS

All NavNet products incorporate a “network circuit board” to integrate each NavNet product

on board through an optional LAN cable (Ethernet 10BASE-T). Each NavNet product is

assigned an IP address to enable transfer of images between other NavNet products. For

example, video plotter pictures can be transferred to a radar and vice versa. Pictures

received via the NavNet may be adjusted at the receiving end.

A NavNet system may consist of up to four NavNet display units or three display units and

one network sounder. For a system incorporating three or more products, a “hub” is

required to process data.

NavNet system (Model 1833C/1933C/1943C/1953C)

Network

Sounder

ETR-6/10N

Heading

sensor

External buzzer

Echo sounder

Rectifier

RU-3423

PR-62

Echo sounder

Navigator

GPS receiver

GP-310B

12 - 24 VDC

Other NavNet unit

(GD-1900C etc.)

Antenna Unit

MODEL1833C

MODEL1933C MODEL1943C

Display unit*

RDP-138/139

Ship's mains

100/110/115/220/230 VAC

1φ, 50/60 Hz

VGA monitor

Remote display

Video equipment

MODEL1953C

Power Supply Unit

PSU-005

*1953C: RDP-139 only

NavNet system (Model 1833C/1933C/1943C/1953C)

Single-unit NavNet system (GD-1900C)

Network

Sounder

ETR-6/10N

GPS receiver

GP-310B

12 - 24 VDC

Other NavNet Unit

(Model 1833C, etc.)

Display unit

RDP-138/139

Ship's mains

100/110/220/230 VAC

1φ, 50/60 Hz

: Standard

: Option

Remote

Controller

RMC-100

External buzzer

Echo sounder

Echosounder

Navigator

Rectifier

PR-62

VGA monitor

Remote display

Video equipment

Single-unit NavNet system (GD-1900C)

xii

Two-unit NavNet system

Radar Antenna Unit

GPS Receiver GP-310B

Radar, plotter data

Radar Antenna Unit

GPS Receiver GP-310B

RADAR

PLOTTER

RADAR

PLOTTER

Two-unit NavNet system

Three-or-more-unit NavNet system (Max. 4 NavNet capable display units)

HUB

Network

Sounder

ETR-6/10N (option)

Radar Antenna Unit

GPS Receiver GP-310B

Radar Antenna Unit

GPS Receiver GP-310B

RADAR

PLOTTER

RADAR

PLOTTER

Sounder data

Radar data Plotter data

Note: The picture disappears

10 seconds after the NavNet

cable is disconnected from a

"sub" NavNet display unit.

Three-or-more-unit NavNet system

1-1

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

This chapter provides the basic information needed to get you started using your

radar, video plotter. The following topics are presented:

• Control overview

• Chart card insertion

• Power on/off

• Brilliance and hue adjustments

• Display selection

• MOB (Man OverBoard) mark entry

• Data boxes

• Function keys

• Simulation display

NOTICE

The brilliance of the LCD is adjustable

to match a wide variety of lighting

conditions. However, its maximum

setting may not be sufficiently bright

to permit viewing of the display with

polarized sunglasses.

The high-resolution model may show

afterglow after several hours of contin-

uous use in the same mode. This is

not a sign of malfunction.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-2

1.1 Operating Controls

1.1.1 Display unit controls

Overview of display unit controls

The radar, video plotter, sounder and chart systems are operated with the

controls of the display unit (and the remote controller). Ten keys are labeled and

they provide the function shown on their labels. The five soft keys provide

various functions according to current operating mode. The [ENTER] knob

mainly functions to register selections on the menu and adjust the EBL, VRM

and gain. The trackball’s main function is to move the cursor across the screen.

When you correctly execute an operation, the unit generates a beep. Invalid

operation causes the unit to emit three beeps.

Trackball

Shifts cursor EBL/VRM and

cursor; selects menu items and options.

Displays the mode

selection window.

Soft keys

Momentary press:

Registers own ship’s

position as a waypoint.

Press three seconds:

Marks man overboard

position.

Opens/closes the main menu.

Radar: Displays the soft keys for adjustment of

gain, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and FTC (Model 1700

series radar only).

Sounder: Adjusts gain.

Long press: Turns power off.

Momentary press: Turns the power on;

opens the display for adjustment of brilliance

and hue; shows RADAR STBY/TX soft key.

ENTER knob

Push: Registers setting.

Rotate: Adjusts, gain, VRM, EBL, etc.;

selects menu items and options. May also

be used to enter alphanumeric data.

Clears data; erases selected mark.

Opens/closes the alarm menu.

Shows or hides the soft

keys, function keys,

nav data alternately.

Chart drive

Selects a range.

EBL

VRM GAIN

ABC

JKL

STU

DEF

MNO

VWX

_'#

GHI

PQR

YZ&

Enter alphanumeric data.

Displays soft keys for EBL/VRM.

Control panel

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-3

Soft keys

The function of the five soft keys changes according to the operation. Their

labels for their current functions are shown on the screen to the left of the keys.

To hide or show the soft keys, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key. Each press of the

key shows preset soft keys, user function keys or turns off navigation information

(at the top of the screen).

SOFT

KEYS

Display unit

Some soft keys show the current station of the soft key function in reverse video

as shown below.

BRIDGE

FISH

WP-002

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9°M TRIP NU

080° 22. 3456'E

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

MARK

ENTRY

MODE

NTH UP

NAVPOS

Current option shown in reverse video

Radar Display Plotter Display

16.0nm

D. BOX

ON/OFF

359.9 ˚R

11.70

319. 9°M

12/

H-UP

3nm

TRAIL

RETURN

TRAIL

ON /OFF

TRAIL

TIME

TRAIL

COLOR

GRAD

SINGLE

Radar and plotter displays

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-4

1.1.2 Remote controller

Operating distance

90°: Up to 5 m

±45°: Up to 3 m

Replace the batteries (AA) when the

distance from which the display

unit can be operated shortens.

Note: The remote controller may

become damaged if dropped.

Mishandling of the remote

controller is not covered by

the warranty.

Remote controller

ALARM

SK3SK1 SK2

HIDE / SHOW

SK4 SK5

GAIN

’#

EBL / VRM

TX / STBY

ENT

BRILL

CLEAR

TONE

WPT

MARK

ENT

ACQ

CNTL

CENTER

MNO

JKL

STU

VWX

ABC

DEF

RANGE

YZ&

PQR

GHI

DISP MOB

SAVE

Key Function Key Function

RANGE Same as RANGE key on

display unit. ENT Same as ENTER knob on

display unit.

DISP Same as DISP key on

display unit. CLEAR Same as CLEAR key on

display unit.

SAVE MOB Same as SAVE/MOB key on

display unit. MENU Same as MENU key on

display unit.

Ten keys Enter alphanumerics. BRILL Adjusts display brilliance.

EBL/VRM Same as EBL/VRM key on

display unit. TONE Not used.

GAIN Same as GAIN key on

display unit. TX/STBY Toggles radar between

standby and transmit.

WPT Displays “alphabet” WPT list

on plotter display. ACQ Acquires radar target.

(Requires radar source

equipped with ARP.)

MARK ENT Same as MARK ENTRY soft

key. ALARM Same as ALARM key on the

display unit.

CENTER Returns own ship to screen

center on plotter display. HIDE/SHOW Same as HIDE/SHOW key

on display unit.

CNTL Switches control between

displays on combination

displays.

SK1 – SK5

(soft keys) Same as soft keys on display

unit.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-5

1.2 Inserting a Chart Card

Your unit reads FURUNO and Nav-Charts™ (NAVIONICS) chart cards, or

C-MAP chart cards, depending on the type of display unit you have. Insert the

appropriate chart card for your area as follows:

1. Open the chart drive.

Chart drive

Display unit

2. Insert desired chart card groove side up.

3. Close the lid to protect the chart drive.

Note 1: Do not remove a card while the chart is being drawn. This may cause

the equipment to freeze.

Note 2: Do not insert or remove a card while the power is on. This may cause

the equipment to freeze.

Note 3: For multiple display units, do not use the same chart card type in more

than one display unit.

Note 4: A card remover is supplied to ease removal of chart cards. Attach the

card remover to the right-hand side hole of the card and pull it to remove

the card. You can leave the remover attached to the card while the card

is in the chart drive. Push the remover leftward until it contacts the

recessed area on the card.

Chart card and card remover

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-6

1.3 Turning the Unit On/Off

Press the [POWER/BRILL] key to turn the unit on. A beep sounds and the

equipment proceeds in the sequence shown below, displaying product

information, startup test results and the chart usage disclaimer. The startup test

checks the ROM, RAM, internal battery and backup data for proper operation,

displaying the results for each as OK or NG (No Good). If NG appears an

appropriate message appears on the screen. For any NG, try to press any key to

go to the chart disclaimer screen, then perform the diagnostic test as shown in

the paragraph “7.6 Diagnostics.”

RADAR PLOTTER*

STATION NAME:

RADAR#

FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

CHARTS AVAILABLE

LICENSE NO.

STARTUP TEST

ROM OK

RAM OK

INTERNAL BATTERY OK

BACKUP DATA OK

Host Name

Chart List

NO NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC

OFFICE HAS VERIFIED THE

INFORMATION IN THIS

COASTLINE DATA CARD AND NONE

ACCEPT LIABILITY FOR THE

ACCURACY OF REPRODUCTION OR

ANY MODIFICATIONS MADE

THEREAFTER. THIS PRODUCT WITH

THIS COASTLINE DATA CARD

DOES NOT REPLACE THE

REQUIREMENT TO USE THE

APPROPRIATE PRODUCTS FOR

NAVIGATION ACCORDING TO

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL

REGULATIONS.

PROGRAM No. 19500020XX**

** = Program version no. for

FURUNO/NAVIONICS

model. 19500010XX for C-MAP model.

XX = program version no.

* = "GD-1900C Plotter" for GD-1900C

#= Name determined at installation.

Startup sequence

For start up with the radar display, the magnetron takes from one minute to

two minutes and thirty seconds (depending or radar model) to warm up before

the radar can be operated. The time remaining for warm up of the magnetron is

counted down at the center of the display.

You may press any key at the chart disclaimer screen to show the last-used

display, or wait several seconds to let the equipment do it for you.

To turn the unit off, press and hold down the [POWER/BRILL] key until the

screen goes dark (approx. 3 sec.). To protect the LCD attach the hard cover.

Note that the network sounder will be turned off approx. three minutes after

turning off the power.

Note: The first time you turn on the power (or any time the power is applied after

a memory reset), you are asked if you want to start the simulation mode,

which provides simulated operation of the equipment. Push the [ENTER]

knob to start the simulation mode, or press the [CLEAR] key to start

normal operation. For further details about the simulation mode, see the

paragraph “1.10 Simulation Display.”

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-7

1.4 Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Hue

You can adjust display brilliance, panel brilliance and hue as shown below.

1.4.1 Display brilliance, panel brilliance

1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily. A set of soft keys for adjustment

of brilliance and hue appear.

BRIDGE

FISH

WP-002

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9°M TRIP NU

080° 22. 3456'E

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

DISPLAY BRILLIANCE

PANEL

BRILL

HUE

RETURN

BRILL

CONTST

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°M

359.9 ˚R

11.70

PANEL

BRILL

HUE

RETURN

RADAR

STBY

Radar Display Plotter Display

DISPLAY BRILLIANCE

BRILL

CONTST

16.0nm

DISPLY

BRILL

DISPLY

BRILL

Active soft key is highlighted.

RADAR

STBY

Brilliance adjustment soft keys

2. Press the DISPLY BRILL or PANEL BRILL soft key as appropriate. An

adjustment window appears at the bottom of the screen. This window shows

the name of the item selected for adjustment plus current brilliance level, by

bar graph.

DISPLAY BRILLIANCE

PANEL BRILLIANCE

Display brilliance Panel brilliance

Display brilliance and panel brilliance windows

3. Adjust the [ENTER] knob, clockwise to raise the setting or counterclockwise

to decrease it. You may also use the soft key pressed at step 2. Eight levels

of display brilliance and panel brilliance are available.

4. Hit the RETURN soft key to finish.

Note 1: If the unit is turned off with minimum brilliance, the screen will be dark at

the next power-up. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key consecutively to

adjust the brilliance.

Note 2: This equipment does not have a contrast control.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-8

1.4.2 Hue

You may select the colors for the radar, plotter and overlay displays as below.

1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily.

2. Press the HUE soft key to show the hue setting window.

HUE

▲

DAY

NIGHT

TWILIGHT

MANUAL SET

▼

Hue window

3. Operate the trackball to select hue desired, referring to the table below.

MANUAL SET follows the color settings on the CHART DETAILS menu for

the plotter and the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu for the radar.

Night Day Twilight

Characters Red Black Green

Radar ring Red Green* Green*

Radar echo Orange Red Yellow

Background Black White Blue

Landmass (plotter) Light-Yellow Yellow Light-Yellow

* = Red on C-MAP display unit.

4. Hit the RETURN soft key to finish.

Note: When using the overlay screen, the own ship track will be hidden if the

radar background and own ship track are blue and the “MANUAL SET”

hue setting is used. In this case, set HUE to other position and then return

to “MANUAL” to show the own ship track in black.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-9

1.5 Selecting a Display

1.5.1 Display modes

If you have a radar, navigator, network sounder and external video source (video

recorder, etc., optional PIP board required) six full-screen displays are available:

radar, plotter, echo sounder, nav data, overlay, and external video. In addition to

the full-screen display, you can divide the screen into halves and thirds to show

two and three sets of images on a combination display.

Full screen Combination screen Overlay screen

(radar) (radar + plotter) (plotter + radar only,

Requires L/L data)

Display screens

The table below shows the displays available with each screen type.

Screen type and available display screen

Full screen Combination screen options

(half- or thirds-screen)

Overlay screen

options

Plotter, radar, sounder,

nav data, external

video, overlay

Plotter, radar, sounder,

compass, highway,

compass/highway, nav data,

overlay, external video

Radar + plotter

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-10

1.5.2 Selecting a display

1. Press the [DISP] key to show the display selection window. The icons of

modes not available are marked with an “X.” HOTPAGE 1-HOTPAGE 6 are

user-arrangeable displays called “hot pages,” which you can configure as you

like. For further details, see the paragraph “5.6 Hot Page Setup.”

RADAR PLOTTER SOUNDER NAV DATA OVERLAY EXT VIDEO

· TURN KNOB TO SELECT MODE

AND PUSH KNOB TO ENTER.

· PUSH ANY SOFT KEY TO

SELECT IMAGE SOURCE.

Basic display

screens

Hot pages

Selected

item

HOTPAGE 1 HOTPAGE 2 HOTPAGE 3 HOTPAGE 4 HOTPAGE 5 HOTPAGE 6

Display screen selection window

2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select a basic display screen or a hot page

screen.

3. Push the [ENTER] knob.

4. If you selected a basic display screen, a group of appropriate combination

displays appear. In the example below, the radar combination screens are

shown.

PUSH ENTER KNOB.

Radar combination screen selection window

5. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select display desired.

6. Push the [ENTER] knob to finish.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-11

1.5.3 Switching control in combination and overlay screens

A soft key is provided in relevant combination and overlay screens to switch

control between displays. In the example below, the PLOTTR CNTRL and SNDR

CNTRL soft keys enable switching control between the plotter and sounder

screens in the plotter/sounder combination display.

To adjust

sounder

PLOTTR

CNTRL

To adjust

plotter

SNDR

CNTRL

Plotter display selected

FISH

WP-002

MARK

ENTRY

PLOTTR

CNTRL

NAV

POS

MODE

NTH UP

16.0nm

40.0

150

200

100

0’33"

50k

Sounder display selected

FISH

WP-002

MODE

SNDR

CNTRL

FREQ

50 /200

16.0nm

40.0

150

200

100

0’33"

50k

DISPLAY

MODE

SHIFT

34° 22. 3456’N 359.9°M TRIP NU

080° 22. 3456’E

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

34° 22. 3456’N 359.9°M TRIP NU

080° 22. 3456’E

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

How to switch control between modes in the plotter/sounder combination display

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-12

1.5.4 Selecting image source

When more than one network radar or network sounder is connected to the

equipment, you may select an image source for each as shown below. This is

not necessary when only one network radar or network sounder is connected.

1. Press the [DISP] key.

2. Press any soft key to show the following display.

▲

SELECT

SOURCE

EDIT

RETURN

IF THERE IS MORE THAN

ONE NETWORK RADAR OR

ECHO SOUNDER, YOU MAY

SELECT THE IMAGE

SOURCES FOR DISPLAY.

RADAR SOURCE

RADAR - - -

SOUNDER SOURCE

SOUNDER-

IP ADDRESS

172.031.003.003

HOST NAME

RADAR - - -

Select source menu

3. Use the trackball to select RADAR SOURCE or SOUNDER SOURCE as

appropriate, then press the EDIT key.

RADAR SOURCE SOUNDER SOURCE

Radar source Sounder source

RADAR - - - SOUNDER-

Radar source and sounder source windows

4. Use the trackball and alphanumeric keys to enter source name: Adjust the

trackball to select location and enter character with the alphanumeric keys.

5. Push the [ENTER] knob to set.

6. Press the [DISP] key to finish.

7. Turn the power off and on again.

Note: Source names are determined at installation. For example, the source

names for radars in a two radar system might be “RADAR” and

“RADAR1”.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-13

1.6 Trackball, Cursor

The trackball functions to shift the cursor, for measurement of range and bearing

to a location (radar) and latitude and longitude position (plotter). Roll the

trackball to shift the cursor. The cursor moves in the direction of trackball

rotation.

Cursor data

L/L position,

Range and

bearing from

own ship to

cursor

Cursor

BRIDGE

FISH

WP-002

MODE

NTH UP

GO TO

CURSOR

CENTER

MARK

ENTRY

34° 22. 3456'N 272.4°M

TRIP

080° 22. 3456'E

15.9 nm 99.9 nm

ZOOM &

D. BOX

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°M

359.9 ˚R

11.70

SIGNAL

PROC.

RADAR

DISPLY

TARGET

NAV

FUNC

Cursor

Cursor Data

Bearing from own ship to cursor

Range from own ship to cursor

Radar Display

Plotter Display

D. BOX

ON/OFF

16.0nm

Cursor, cursor data

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-14

1.7 Entering the MOB Mark, Setting MOB as

Destination

The MOB (Man Overboard) mark functions to mark man overboard position. You

can inscribe this mark from any mode, except while playing back data or

conducting any test. Note that this function requires position data.

Man

overboad

Range, bearing

Current

position

MOB

mark

MOB Data Box

Bearing and range

to MOB position

(MOB)

162.5°

0.49 nm

MOB concept

1. Press and hold down the [SAVE/MOB] key for about three seconds when

someone falls overboard. The display shows the waypoint number being

saved (youngest empty waypoint number, 001-999) followed by the MOB

confirmation window.

MAN OVER BOARD!

GO TO MOB?

YES ... PUSH ENTER KNOB

NO ... PUSH CLEAR KEY

WAYPOINT SAVED!

XXXWPT

CONTINUE PUSHING

FOR MOB!

After

several

seconds

XXX = Waypoint number

MOB mark messages

2. Push the [ENTER] knob to select the MOB position as the destination, or

press the [CLEAR] key to only mark current ship’s position as a waypoint. If

you select the MOB position as destination;

• A full-screen radar, plotter or overlay appears depending on the display in

use.

• The MOB mark “MOB” appears at the MOB position and a light-blue line

runs between it and current position. This line shows the shortest course to

the MOB position.

• Range and bearing to the MOB position are shown in the MOB data box.

To erase an MOB mark from the plotter display, you must first erase its

corresponding waypoint. Place the cursor on the MOB mark, then press the

[CLEAR] key followed by pushing the [ENTER] knob to erase the waypoint. Then,

repeat to erase the MOB mark.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-15

1.8 Data Boxes

Data boxes, providing navigation data, may be shown on any full-screen display.

Up to six data boxes (two in case of large characters) may be shown, and the

default data boxes are position (in latitude and longitude), course over ground,

speed over ground and trip log. The user may choose which data to display,

where to locate it, and show or hide it as desired. In addition, data boxes may be

set independently for each display mode (plotter, radar, sounder). For how to

select data for the data boxes, see the paragraph “5.5 Data Boxes Setup.”

FISH

WP-002

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9°M

TRIP

080° 22. 3456'E

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

MARK

ENTRY

MODE

NTH UP

NAVPOS

ZOOM &

D. BOX

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°M

359.9 ˚R

11.70

SIGNAL

PROC.

RADAR

DISPLY

TARGET

NAV

FUNC

Data

boxes

Data

boxes

Radar Display

Plotter Display

16.0nm

D. BOX

ON/OFF

POSITION

58.535'N

122

36.496'W

COG

323.6

SOG

20.0 kt

TRIP LOG

177nm

POSITION

58.535'N

122

36.496'W

COG

323.6

SOG

20.0 kt

TRIP LOG

177nm

Data boxes

1.8.1 Showing, hiding data boxes with soft key

Plotter: D. BOX ON/OFF

Radar: ZOOM & D. BOX → D. BOX ON/OFF (EBL/VRM data box, cursor data

box also shown/hidden)

Sounder: AUTO/D. BOX→D. BOX ON/OFF

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-16

1.8.2 Rearranging data boxes

You may select the location for data boxes as follows:

1. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As

the cursor enters the box it changes to a hand. Push the [ENTER] knob, and

the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected.

2. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the

[ENTER] knob.

1.8.3 Temporarily erasing a data box

If a data box is obscuring a desired object you may temporarily erase the box.

Use the trackball to place the cursor inside the data box you wish to erase, then

press the [CLEAR] key. To redisplay the box, press the D. BOX soft key twice to

display it.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-17

1.9 Function Keys

The function keys provide for one-touch execution of a desired function. The

default function key settings are as shown in the table below.

Default Setting, Key Label Function

Key Radar Plotter Sounder

#1 Heading line on/off, HL Track on/off, TRK TLL output, TLL

#2 Rings on/off, RNG Edit mark/line, EML Clutter, CLT

#3 Echo trail, TRL Ruler, RUL Signal level, SLV

#4 Offcenter, SFT Add new waypoint,

ADD Noise limiter, NL

#5 Radar source, RSR Waypoint

alphanumeric list, ALP Picture advance, PA

1.9.1 Executing a function

1. Press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to replace the preset soft key labels with the

function key labels.

Plotter Display

Function

keys

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9°M

TRIP

080° 22. 3456'E 19.9 kt 99.9nm

BRIDGE

FISH

002WP

Radar Display

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°

359.9 ˚R

11.70

Function

keys

16.0 nm

Function keys

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-18

2. Press function key desired.

Note: Function keys can be individually programmed for the plotter, radar and

sounder displays. For further details see the following:

Radar: paragraph 5.2.3

Plotter: paragraph 5.3.2

Sounder: paragraph 5.9.4

1.10 Simulation Display

The simulation display, for use by service technicians for demonstration

purposes, provides simulated operation to help acquaint you with the many

features your unit has to offer. It allows you to view and control a simulated

plotter, radar and sounder picture, without position-fixing equipment, network

radar or a network sounder. Most controls are operative, thus you may practice

setting destination, enter waypoints, measure range and bearing to a target, etc.

The simulation icon (

) appears when any simulation mode is active.

To start the simulation display;

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the SYSTEM CONFIGURATION, SYSTEM SETUP and SIMULATION

SETUP soft keys in that order.

SIM

SETUP

EDIT

RETURN

RADAR LIVE

PLOTTER LIVE

SOUNDER LIVE

SPEED 00.0kt

COURSE 000.0

LATITUDE 45

35.000’N

LONGITUDE 125

00.000’W

START DATE & TIME 00:00 01.APR.00

RADAR SIMULATION DATA NO

Simulation setup menu

3. Follow appropriate procedure on the next several pages.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-19

Radar

NavNet display unit-generated echoes

1. Select RADAR, then press the EDIT soft key.

RADAR

▲SIMULATION 1

SIMULATION 2

LIVE

▼

2. Select SIMULATION 1, then push the [ENTER] knob.

3. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

NavNet radar antenna-generated echoes (not available with the GD-1900C)

1. Select RADAR SIMULATION DATA, then press the EDIT soft key.

2. Select YES, then push the [ENTER] knob to erase simulation data and get

new data. The message “Now getting demo data. Do not turn off display

unit.” appears while the unit is receiving radar data.

Note: If the network radar could not be found “Radar source is not found.

Cannot get demo data.” appears. And if the radar is not active, the

message “Radar is not active. Cannot get demo data.” is displayed.

Check that the radar is plugged in and its signal cable is firmly

fastened.

3. Select RADAR, then press the EDIT soft key.

4. Select SIMULATION 2, then push the [ENTER] knob.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Plotter

1. Select PLOTTER, then press the EDIT soft key.

PLOTTER

▲SIMULATION

LIVE

▼

2. Select SIMULATION, then push the [ENTER] knob.

3. Select SPEED, then press the EDIT soft key.

4. Enter speed (setting range, 0-99 kt, default speed, 0 kt) with the

alphanumeric keys, then push the [ENTER] knob.

5. Select COURSE, then press the EDIT key.

6. Select “8 FIGURE” to trace the simulated ship’s track in a figure-eight course,

or enter your own course at DIRECTION. To enter course, use the trackball

to select digit, and enter value with the alphanumeric keys.

7. Press the ENTER soft key.

8. Select LATITUDE, then press the EDIT soft key.

9. Enter latitude (setting range, 85

N-85

S, default setting, 45

35.000’N), then

push the [ENTER] knob.

10. Select LONGITUDE, then press the EDIT soft key.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-20

11. Enter longitude (setting range, 180°E-180°W, default setting, 125°00.000’W),

then push the [ENTER] knob.

12. Select START DATE & TIME, then press the EDIT soft key.

13. Enter start date and time, then push the [ENTER] knob.

14. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Sounder

1. Select SOUNDER, then press the EDIT soft key.

SOUNDER

▲SIMULATION 1

SIMULATION 2

LIVE

▼

2. Select SIMULATION 1 (internally generated echoes) or SIMULATION 2

(network sounder-generated echoes), then push the [ENTER] knob.

Note 1: If the network sounder could not be found “Sounder source is not

found. Cannot get simulation data.” appears. And if the sounder is

not active, the message “Sounder is not active. Cannot get

simulation data.” is displayed. Check that the sounder is plugged in

and its signal cable is firmly fastened.

Note 2: The gain, shift, range and mode of the SIMULATION 1 mode picture

cannot be adjusted.

3. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2-1

2. RADAR OPERATION

This chapter covers radar operation, including the ARP (Auto Plotter) function.

ARP requires a Model 1800/1900 series network radar equipped with the ARP

circuit board.

2.1 Radar Display

TRAIL 30m

02m30s

G1 IN

G2 OUT

ES 2

EAV L

IR L

EBL1

27.0°R

VRM1

5.666nm

Range/

range ring

interval

Presentation

mode

Zoom area Zoom

window

Guard zone 1

Trail time

Trail elapsed time

Guard zone 1

Guard zone 2

Echo stretch

Interference rejector

Guard zone 2

VRM2

VRM1

EBL1

Range ring

Pulselength Heading

M: Magnetic

T: True

Heading line

EBL1 bearing

VRM1 range Cursor range

and bearing

(Cursor position may

also be shown, in

L/L or Loran C TD.)

EBL2 bearing, VRM2 range

Cursor

Alarm icon

Battery icon

EBL2

327.1°R

VRM2

8.212nm

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9

°M

EBL2

Echo averaging

359.9 ˚R

11.70

Own ship vector

(ARP-equipped model,

true vector mode)

North marker

(Head-up, Course-up mode)

Simulation

mode

Radar display

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-2

2.2 Transmitting, Stand-by

1. Confirm that the network radar is plugged in.

2. Press the [DISP] key to select a radar display.

3. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily.

4. Press the RADAR STBY soft key to highlight TX on its label.

5. Press the RETURN soft key.

When the radar picture is not required, but you want keep it in a state of

readiness, press the RADAR TX soft key to highlight STBY on its label.

2.3 Tuning

The radar receiver can be tuned automatically or manually, and the default

tuning method is automatic. If you require manual tuning, do the following:

1. Press the [MENU] key to display the main menu.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.

3. Select TUNING, then press the EDIT soft key.

AUTO

MAN

TUNING

Tuning bar

Tuning window

4. Choose MAN.

5. Adjust the [ENTER] knob until the tuning bar is at its longest position.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Note: If the auto setting does not provide satisfactory tuning, ask your dealer

how to re-adjust tuning.

2.4 Adjusting the Gain

The [GAIN] key adjusts the gain sensitivity of the radar receiver. It works in a

manner similar to that of volume control of a broadcast receiver, which amplifies

received signals.

The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen.

If your gain setting is too low, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand,

excessive gain yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed

because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise

on the display.

To adjust the receiver sensitivity, transmit on long range, and then do the

following:

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-3

1. Press the [GAIN] key to show the “gain adjustment” soft keys, and the

last-used adjustment window appears. The example below shows the gain

sensitivity adjustment window. The gain soft keys shown depend on radar

source as shown below.

Model 1800/1900 series

GAIN

ADJUST

GAIN

RETURN

319. 9°M

359.9 ˚R

11.70

Model 1700 series

GAIN

ADJUST

GAIN

RETURN

12/

H-UP

3nm

359.9 ˚R

11.70

A/C

SEA

A/C

RAIN

FTC

A/C

SEA

A/C

RAIN

A/C AT

ON /OFF

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°M

GAIN SENSITIVITY

AUTO ROUGH

AUTO MODERATE

AUTO CALM

MAN 0

GAIN SENSITIVITY

AUTO ROUGH

AUTO MODERATE

AUTO CALM

MAN 0

Gain adjustment soft keys

2. Press the GAIN soft key to show the gain sensitivity setting window.

GAIN SENSITIVITY

AUTO ROUGH

AUTO MODERATE

AUTO CALM

MAN

Gain sensitivity window

3. Use the trackball to select AUTO ROUGH, AUTO MODERATE, AUTO CALM,

or MAN (manual) as appropriate. Select an AUTO option according to the

sea state.

4. For manual adjustment, rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust, while observing

the radar echo. The range of adjustment is 0-100.

5. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or the RETURN soft key to finish.

Adjusting the FTC (When the radar source is the 1700 series radar)

To suppress rain clutter from heavy storms or scattered rain clutter, adjust the

FTC.

In addition to reducing clutter, the FTC can be used in fine weather to clarify the

picture when navigating in confined waters. However, with the circuit active the

receiver is less sensitive. Therefore, turn off the FTC, by setting it for “0”, when

its function is not required.

1. Press the [GAIN] key.

2. Press the FTC soft key to show the FTC window.

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust. The range of adjustment is 0-100(%). Do

not overadjust the FTC – weak target echoes may be missed.

4. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-4

2.5 Reducing Sea Clutter

2.5.1 How the A/C SEA works

Echoes from waves can be troublesome, covering the central part of the display

with random signals known as “sea clutter”. The higher the waves and the higher

the antenna above the water, the further the clutter will extend. Sea clutter may

affect radar performance because real targets are sometimes hidden by the

echoes of small waves. (See the left-hand figure in the figure below.) When sea

clutter masks the picture, adjust the A/C SEA to reduce the clutter.

The A/C SEA reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges (where clutter

is the greatest) and progressively increases amplification as the range increases,

so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter.

A/C SEA adjusted;

sea clutter suppressed

Sea clutter at

screen center

Effect of A/C SEA

2.5.2 Adjusting the A/C SEA

A/C SEA should be adjusted so that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and

small targets become distinguishable.

1. Press the [GAIN] key.

2. Press the A/C SEA soft key to show the A/C SEA setting window.

A/C SEA

AUTO ROUGH

AUTO MODERATE

AUTO CALM

MAN

Model 1700 series radar

A/C SEA

Model 1800/1900 series radar

A/C SEA setting window

3. When the radar source is the Model 1700 series, use the trackball to

select AUTO ROUGH, AUTO MODERATE, AUTO CALM, or MAN (manual)

as appropriate. Select an AUTO option according to the sea state.

4. For manual adjustment, rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust. The range of

adjustment is 0-100. Do not overadjust – weak echoes may be missed.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-5

5. When the radar source is the Model 1800/1900 series, A/C SEA and A/C

RAIN can be automatically adjusted. Press the A/C AT ON/OFF soft key to

select ON or OFF as appropriate. When turned on, it overrides A/C SEA and

A/C RAIN settings.

6. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.

2.6 Reducing Precipitation Clutter

The vertical beamwidth of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even

when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect

precipitation clutter (rain, snow, hail, etc.) in the same manner as normal targets.

Precipitation clutter shows as random dots on the screen.

2.6.1 Adjusting the A/C RAIN

When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the A/C RAIN to split

up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid

targets easier.

1. Press the [GAIN] key.

2. Press the A/C RAIN soft key to show the A/C RAIN window.

A/C RAIN

A/C RAIN setting window

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust the A/C RAIN. The current level is shown

on the A/C RAIN level bar in the A/C RAIN window, and the range of

adjustment is 0 to 100(%). Do not overadjust – weak echoes may be missed.

4. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-6

2.7 Range Scale

The range setting determines the size of the area (in nautical miles) that will

appear on your display. In addition, the range setting will also automatically

adjust the range ring interval so that accurate range measurements may be

made while operating on any range setting.

The range, range ring interval and pulselength appear at the top left-hand corner

of the display.

Press the [RANGE (+ or -)] key to change the range scale.

Range scales (nm, sm)

Range 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 64 72

Ring

Interval 0.0625 0.125 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 12 12 16 18

No. of

Rings 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4

Range scales (km)

Range 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 64 72

Ring

Interval 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 12 12 16 18

No. of

Rings 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4

Note 1: Maximum range depends on the network radar as shown below.

Model 1722/1722C: 24 nm

Model 1732/1732C/1742/1742C/1833/1833C: 36 nm

Model 1762/1762C/1933/1933C: 48 nm

Model 1943/1943C: 64 nm

Model 1953C: 72 nm

Note 2: You may choose which ranges to use from the RADAR RANGE SETUP

menu. For details see paragraph 5.2.2. This function is not available

with the GD-1900C.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-7

2.8 Pulselength

The pulselength in use is displayed at the upper left corner of the display.

Appropriate pulselengths are preset to individual range scales. Therefore, you

are not usually required to select them. If you are not satisfied with the current

pulselength setting, however, it is possible to change it for the ranges shown

below. Generally, select a longer pulse for longer detection range and shorter

pulse for better range discrimination.

1.5 nm, 1.5 sm, 3 km: Short pulse, medium pulse

3 nm, 3 sm, 6 km: Medium pulse, long pulse

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.

Shown when radar

source is the Model

1800/1900 series

radar. Not shown

otherwise.

SIGNAL

PROCESS

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

11.70

I. REJ

OFF

E. AVG

OFF

PULSE

E. STR

OFF

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9

°M

Signal process soft keys

3. Choose the 1.5 nm or 3 nm with the RANGE key.

4. Press the PULSE soft key to select the pulselength setting. SHORT or

MEDIUM for 1.5 nm, 1.5 sm, 3 km and MEDIUM or LONG for 3 nm, 3 sm,

6 km.

5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-8

2.9 Presentation Mode

This unit provides four radar presentation modes: head-up, course-up, north-up

and true motion.

Heading data is required for modes other than head-up.

2.9.1 Selecting a presentation mode

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key to show the RADAR DISPLAY soft keys.

RADAR

DISPLAY

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

11.70

MODE

HD UP

SHIFT

OFF

RINGS

HIGH

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°M

Radar display soft keys

3. Press the MODE soft key. Each pressing of the key changes the presentation

mode and the presentation mode indication in the sequence of North-up,

True Motion, Head-up, and Course-up.

Function Indicator on display Soft key label

North-up N-UP NTH UP

True Motion TR-M TRUE M

Head-up H-UP HD UP

Course-up C-UP CSE UP

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

Note: When heading data is lost, the presentation mode automatically goes to

head-up, the heading indication at the screen top shows “- - -.-°” and the

audio alarm sounds. Press the [ALARM] key to acknowledge the alarm.

The message “HEADING DATA MISSING” appears. Restore compass

signal to show heading indication. Use the MODE soft key to select

presentation mode if necessary. The audio alarm may be silenced with the

[CLEAR] key.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-9

2.9.2 Description of presentation modes

Head-up

A display without azimuth stabilization in which the line connecting the center

with the top of the display indicates own ship’s heading. Targets are painted at

their measured distances and in their directions relative to own ship’s heading.

The short line on the bearing scale is the north marker.

Heading Line

North Marker

Head-up presentation mode

Course-up

The radar picture is stabilized and displayed with the currently selected course at

the top of the screen. As you change heading, the ship’s heading line moves. If

you select a new course, the picture resets to display the new course at the top

of the display.

Targets are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to

the intended course which is maintained at the 0-degree position. The heading

line moves in accordance with ship’s yawing and course changes.

Heading Line

North Marker

Course-up presentation mode

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-10

North-up

In the north-up mode, targets are painted at their measured distances and in

their true (compass) directions from own ship. North is maintained at the top of

the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to ship’s heading.

Heading Line

North

North-up presentation mode

True motion

Fixed radar targets maintain a constant position on the screen, while your own

ship moves across the radar image at the correct speed and heading. A map-like

image is displayed, with all moving vessels traveling in true perspective to each

other and to fixed landmasses. As your ship’s position approaches the edge of

the screen, the radar display is automatically reset to reveal the area ahead of

your ship. You can manually reset your ship’s position at any time by pressing

the RADAR DISPLY soft key followed by the SHIFT soft key.

Heading Line

North

True motion presentation mode

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-11

2.10 Measuring the Range

You can measure the range to a radar target three ways: by the range rings, by

the cursor, and by the VRM (Variable Range Marker).

2.10.1 Measuring range by range rings

Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target.

Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner

edge of the nearest ring.

To turn the range rings on, do the following:

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.

RADAR

DISPLAY

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

11.70

MODE

HD UP

SHIFT

OFF

RINGS

HIGH

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°M

Radar display soft keys

3. Press the RINGS soft key to turn the rings on and select desired brilliance.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-12

2.10.2 Measuring range by cursor

Operate the trackball to place the cursor intersection on the inside edge of the

radar target. The range to the target, as well as the bearing, appears to the right

of “+” at the bottom of the display.

11.2 ˚R

11.70

Cursor Target

Range and bearing from

own ship to cursor

319. 9°

12/

H-UP

3nm

ZOOM &

D. BOX

SIGNAL

PROC.

RADAR

DISPLY

TARGET

NAV

FUNC

How to measure range to a target with the cursor

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-13

2.10.3 Measuring range by VRM

1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to display the EBL/VRM soft keys.

EBL

VRM

EBL1

VRM2

359.9 ˚R

11.70

VRM1

OFFSET

EBL2

319. 9°

12/

H-UP

3nm

EBL/VRM soft keys

2. Press the VRM1 ON (dotted ring VRM) or VRM2 ON (dashed ring VRM) soft

key to select the desired VRM. The selected VRM’s indication, at the bottom

of the screen, is highlighted.

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob the place the VRM on the inside edge of a radar

target. Read the VRM indication to find range to the target.

EBL

VRM

EBL1

359.9 ˚R

11.70

VRM1

(Dotted line)

VRM2

(Dashed line)

VRM1 range

Active VRM is highlighted.

OFFSET

EBL2

VRM1

VRM2

EBL1

---.-°R

VRM1

3.123nm

EBL2

---.-°R

VRM2

9.343nm

VRM2 range

319. 9°M

12/

H-UP

3nm

4. You may hide the EBL/VRM soft keys by pressing the [EBL/VRM] key.

How to measure range with the VRM

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-14

2.10.4 Erasing a VRM, VRM indication

Press appropriate VRM soft key, then press the [CLEAR] key. The VRM is

erased and its indication becomes blank.

2.10.5 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes

Press the EBL or VRM soft key associated with the EBL/VRM data box you wish

to erase. Press the [CLEAR] key once or twice to erase the data box.

2.10.6 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes

Press the ZOOM & D. BOX and D. BOX ON/OFF soft keys to show or hide the

EBL/VRM data boxes.

2.10.7 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes

When an EBL/VRM data box is obscuring a target you want to see, you can

move it to another location as shown below. This cannot be done when the

EBL/VRM soft keys are shown.

1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to turn off the EBL/VRM soft keys.

2. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move.

As the cursor enters the box it changes to a “hand.” Push the [ENTER] knob,

and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected.

3. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the

[ENTER] knob.

2.11 Measuring the Bearing

There are two ways to measure the bearing to a target: by the cursor, and by the

EBL (Electronic bearing Line).

2.11.1 Measuring bearing by cursor

Use the trackball to place the cursor at the center of the target. The bearing to

the target appears in the range and bearing box at the bottom right-hand corner

on the screen.

2.11.2 Measuring bearing by EBL

1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key.

2. Press the EBL1 ON (dotted line EBL) or EBL2 ON (dashed line EBL) soft key

to select the desired EBL. The selected EBL’s indication, at the bottom of the

screen, is highlighted.

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to bisect the radar target with the EBL. Read the

EBL indication to find the bearing to the target.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-15

EBL

VRM

EBL1

VRM2

359.9 ˚R

11.70

EBL1

(Dotted line)

EBL2

(Dashed line)

EBL2 bearing

Active marker is highlighted.

EBL1 bearing

VRM1

OFFSET

EBL2

EBL1

330.1°R

VRM1

-.---nm

EBL2

234.1˚R

VRM2

-.---nm

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9

°M

How to measure bearing with the EBL

4. You may hide the EBL/VRM soft keys by pressing the [EBL/VRM] key.

Note: The bearing to a target may be shown relative to own ship’s heading

(Relative) or True bearing (requires heading data). This may be done with

“EBL REFERENCE,” which is in the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu.

2.11.3 Erasing an EBL, EBL indication

Press appropriate EBL soft key, then press the [CLEAR] key. The EBL is erased

and its indication becomes blank.

2.11.4 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes

Press the EBL or VRM soft key associated with the EBL/VRM data box you wish

to erase. Press the [CLEAR] key once or twice to erase the data box.

2.11.5 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes

Press the ZOOM & D. BOX and D. BOX ON/OFF soft keys to show or hide the

EBL/VRM data boxes.

2.11.6 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes

When an EBL/VRM data box is obscuring a target you want to see, you can

move it to another location as shown below. This cannot be done when the

EBL/VRM soft keys are shown.

1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to turn off the EBL/VRM soft keys.

2. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As

the cursor enters the box it changes to a “hand.” Push the [ENTER] knob,

and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected.

3. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the

[ENTER] knob.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-16

2.12 Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker

The heading line indicates the ship's heading in all presentation modes. It is a

line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and

appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode; it changes its

orientation in the north-up, course-up and true motion modes with ship’s

movement.

The north marker appears as a short dashed line. In the head-up and course-up

modes the north marker moves around the bearing scale as the ship’s heading

moves.

To temporarily erase the heading line and north marker, press the RADAR

DISPLY soft key followed by the HL OFF soft key. Release the key to redisplay

the markers. (If the radar soft keys are not shown, hit the [HIDE/SHOW] key to

display them.)

2.13 Reducing Noise Interference

Noise, appearing on the displays as random “speckles,” can be reduced as

follows:

1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.

3. Select NOISE REJECTION, then press the EDIT soft key.

4. Select OFF, LOW or HIGH as appropriate.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-17

2.14 Rejecting Radar Interference

Radar interference may occur when near another shipborne radar that is

operating in the same frequency band as your radar. Its on-screen appearance

looks like many bright dots either scattered at random or in the form of dotted

lines extending from the center to the edge of the display. Interference effects

are distinguishable from normal echoes because they do not appear in the same

place on successive rotations of the scanner.

Be sure to turn off the interference rejector when no interference exists – weak

targets may be missed.

Radar interference

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.

Shown when radar

source is the Model

1800/1900 series

radar. Not shown

otherwise.

SIGNAL

PROCESS

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

11.70

I. REJ

OFF

E. AVG

OFF

PULSE

E. STR

OFF

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9

°M

SIGNAL PROCESS soft keys

3. Press the I. REJ soft key successively to choose the interference rejection

level desired; LOW, MED, HIGH or OFF.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

The display shows IR L (Low), IR M (Medium) or IR H (High) when the

interference rejector is on.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-18

2.15 Zoom

The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area selected with the

“zoom circle.” It is available on any range but is inoperative in true motion and

when the display is shifted.

2.15.1 Zooming in on radar targets

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Use the trackball to set the cursor where you want to zoom.

3. Press the ZOOM & D. BOX soft key to show ZOOM & D. BOX soft keys.

4. Press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select ON. A solid circle, called the

“zoom circle,” appears on the display.

5. To release the cursor, press the CURSOR FLOAT soft key. (The solid circle

changes to a dashed one.) To relocate the zoom circle, select location with

the trackball, then press the CURSOR LOCK key.

6. To quit the zoom function, press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select OFF.

ZOOM &

D. BOX

12/

3nm

319. 9°M

Zoom circle

Zoom window

Requires optional

ARP Board in

Model 1800/1900 series

network radar.

Not shown otherwise.

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

5.727

ZOOM

ON /OFF

CURSOR

FLOAT

D. BOX

ON/ OFF

ARP

TGT ZM

Zoom

2.15.2 Zooming in on ARP, TTM targets

You may zoom in on TTM (Tracked Target Message) and ARP targets. TTM

targets can come from a NavNet connected radar, or from other ARP radar that

is outputting the TTM message. (TTM is a NMEA 0183 data sentence that is an

available output from some ARP capable radar.) Target numbers must be turned

on to use this function. This can be done by enabling the target ID number

option in the ARP SETUP menu.

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the ZOOM/D. BOX soft key to show ZOOM & D. BOX soft keys.

3. Press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select ZOOM ON.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-19

4. Press the ARP TGT ZM soft key.

▲

▼

SELECT TARGET NO.

Target no. selection window

5. Use the [ENTER] knob to select number (1-10), then push the [ENTER] knob.

If the target number does not exist several beeps sound and the zoom

function is cancelled.

To cancel, press the CURSOR LOCK soft key.

Note: The zoom window blends in with the background when the background

color for the radar picture is white. If the window is difficult to see, change

the background color.

2.16 Shifting the Picture

Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced manually or automatically

to expand the view field without switching to a larger scale.

2.16.1 Manual shift

The sweep origin can be shifted in any presentation mode to a point specified by

the cursor by up to 50% of the range in use in any direction.

1. Locate the cursor anywhere within the effective radius of the display.

2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

3. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.

4. Press the SHIFT soft key.

5. Press the MANUAL soft key to shift. The heading line shifts to the cursor

location. SHIFT appears at right-hand corner of the display.

6. To cancel shift, press the RADAR DISPLY, SHIFT and OFF soft keys.

Cursor

Place cursor

where desired. Press the MANUAL soft key.

SHIFT

Shifting the picture manually

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-20

2.16.2 Automatic shift

The amount of automatic shift is calculated according to ship’s speed, and the

amount of shift is limited to 50% of the range in use. For example, if you set the

shift speed setting for 15 knots and the ship is running at 10 knots the amount of

shift will be about 34%. The formula for determining shift amount is as shown

below.

Ship's speed

Shift speed setting

X 0.5 = Amount of shift(%)

Automatic shift mode is only available in the head-up mode.

Setting automatic shift maximum speed

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.

3. Press the SHIFT soft key to show the shift soft keys.

4. Press the AUTO S.SPD soft key to display the auto ship speed setting

window.

AUTO SHIP SPEED

Auto ship speed setting window

5. Adjust the trackball or [ENTER] knob to set the maximum speed of your

vessel, and then push the [ENTER] knob or the ENTER soft key to set. The

setting range is 1-999 kt and the default setting is 15 kt.

Automatic shift

Press the AUTO key to automatically shift the sweep origin. To cancel shift,

press the RADAR DISPLY, SHIFT and OFF soft keys.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-21

2.17 Using the Offset EBL

The offset EBL can be used to predict a potential collision course. It can also be

used to measure the range and bearing between two targets.

2.17.1 Predicting collision course

The procedure below may be used to check if a radar target is on a potential

collision course with your vessel.

1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to show the EBL/VRM soft keys.

2. Press the EBL1 ON soft key to turn on the EBL1.

3. Press the OFFSET soft key. The origin of EBL1 moves to the cursor position,

which is marked with an “X.”

4. Use the trackball to place the cursor on the radar target which looks like it

might be on a collision course with own ship.

5. Push the [ENTER] knob to fix the origin position.

6. After waiting for a few minutes (at least three minutes), rotate the [ENTER]

knob so the EBL bisects the target at the new position. If the target tracks

along the EBL towards the center of the display (your ship’s position), the

target may be on a collision course with your vessel.

7. To cancel the offset EBL, press the OFFSET soft key.

EBL

VRM

VRM1

VRM2

359.9 ˚R

11.70

Initial target

position

Target tracked

here

OFFSET

EBL2

EBL1

45.0˚R

VRM1

-.---nm

EBL1

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9

°M

Predicting collision course with the offset EBL

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-22

2.17.2 Measuring range & bearing between two targets

The procedure which follows shows how to measure the range and bearing

between two targets, using the targets “A” and “B” in the figure below as an

example.

1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the target “A.”

2. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to show the EBL/VRM soft keys.

3. Press the EBL1 ON soft key to turn on the EBL1.

4. Press the OFFSET soft key. The origin of EBL1 moves to the cursor position,

which is marked with an “X.”

5. Rotate the [ENTER] knob so the EBL bisects the target “B.”

6. Push the [ENTER] knob, then press the VRM1 ON soft key.

7. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to place the VRM1 on the inner edge of the target

“B.”

8. Look at the indications for VRM1 and EBL1 to find the range and bearing

between the two targets.

9. To cancel the offset EBL, press the OFFSET key.

EBL

VRM

EBL1

VRM2

359.9 ˚R

11.70

Target A

Target B

Bearing and range

between target A

and target B

VRM1

OFFSET

EBL2

EBL1

45.0°R

VRM1

7.121nm

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9

°M

Measuring range and bearing between two targets

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-23

2.18 Echo Trails

Echo trails are simulated afterglow of target echoes that represent their

movements relative or true to own ship. This function is useful for alerting you

past possible collision situations.

Echo trail

Sample echo trails

2.18.1 Trail time

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the TARGET soft key.

3. Press the TRAIL soft key.

TRAIL

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

11.70

TRAIL

ON /OFF

TRAIL

TIME

TRAIL

COLOR

GRAD

SINGLE

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9

Trail soft keys

4. Press the TRAIL TIME soft key to show the trail time window.

TRAIL TIME

▲15 seconds

30 seconds

1 minute

3 minutes

6 minutes

15 minutes

30 minutes

CONTINUOUS

▼

Trail time window

5. Use the trackball to select time desired.

6. Press the ENTER soft key.

7. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-24

2.18.2 Starting echo trails

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the TARGET soft key.

3. Press the TRAIL soft key.

4. Press the TRAIL ON/OFF soft key to select ON.

5. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.

“TRAIL,” the echo trail time selected and elapsed time appear at the top

right-hand corner of the display. Then, afterglow starts extending from all targets.

Trails are restarted when the range or mode is changed and zoom or shift is

turned on.

For continuous trails, the maximum continuous trail time is 99 minutes and 59

seconds. When the elapsed time clock counts up to that time, the elapsed time

display resets to zero and trails begin again.

To turn off echo trail, press the TRAIL ON/OFF soft key to select OFF at step 4 in

the above procedure.

2.18.3 Trail gradation

The echo trails can be shown in single or multiple gradations. Multiple gradation

paints the trails thinner with time, like the afterglow on an analog PPI radar.

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] soft key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the TARGET and TRAIL soft keys.

3. Press the GRAD soft key to select SINGLE or MULTI as appropriate.

4. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.

Multitone Monotone

Multitone and monotone trails

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-25

2.18.4 Trail color

Trails may be shown target trails in blue, yellow, green or white.

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the TARGET, TRAIL and TRAIL COLOR soft keys in that order.

TRAIL COLOR

▲BLUE

YELLOW

GREEN

WHITE

▼

Trail color window

3. Use the trackball to select the color desired, then press the ENTER soft key.

4. Press the RETURN soft key twice.

2.18.5 Echo trail mode

Echo trails can be shown in Relative or True motion. (True trails require heading

and speed inputs.)

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP key.

3. Choose TRAIL MODE, then press the EDIT soft key.

TRAIL MODE

▲TRUE

RELATIVE

▼

Trail mode window

4. Select TRUE or RELATIVE as appropriate, then press the ENTER soft key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-26

2.19 Echo Stretch

Normally, the reflected echoes from long range targets appear on the display as

weaker and smaller blips even though they are compensated by the radar’s

internal circuitry. The echo stretch function magnifies these small blips in all

ranges. Two types of echo stretch are available: ES LOW which stretches

echoes in bearing direction and ES HIGH which stretches them in both range

and bearing directions.

"LOW" Echo stretch "HIGH" Echo stretch

Bearing

direction Bearing

direction

Range

direction

Echo Stretch OFF

Target

Types of echo stretch

This function magnifies not only targets but also sea clutter and radar

interference. For this reason, be sure sea clutter and radar interference are

properly suppressed before activating the echo stretch.

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.

3. Press the E. STR soft key to select HIGH, LOW or OFF as appropriate.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

The display shows ES H (High) or ES L (Low) when the echo stretch is on.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-27

2.20 Echo Averaging

The echo average feature, which requires a Model 1800/1900 series network

radar, effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets

such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position during every

rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter

appear at random positions.

To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echo average performs

scan-to-scan correlation. Correlation is made by storing and averaging echo

signals over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is

presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans

resulting in the reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets

from sea clutter.

To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress

sea clutter with the A/C SEA control and then do the following:

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.

2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.

3. Press the E. AVG soft key to select desired echo averaging.

OFF: No averaging

LOW: Helps distinguish targets from sea clutter and suppresses brilliance

of unstable echoes.

MED: Distinguishes small stationary targets such as navigation buoys.

HIGH: Stably displays distant targets.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

The display shows EAV L, EAV M or EAV H when echo averaging is on.

(a) Echo average OFF (b) Echo average ON

Effect of echo averaging

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-28

2.21 Outputting TLL Data

Target position data can be output to units of the network and shown on their

plotter screen with the TTL mark (

). This function requires position and

heading data.

1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the target whose position you

wish to output.

2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.

3. Press the TARGET soft key.

Requires ARP circuit board

in Model 1800/1900 series

NavNet radar. Not shown

otherwise.

TARGET

TRAIL

TLL

OUTPUT

ACQ

TARGET

INFO

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

11.70

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°M

TARGET soft keys

4. Press the TLL OUTPUT soft key to output target position data. The TTL mark

appears on the plotter screen at the target’s position the moment the TLL

OUTPUT soft key was pressed. Further, that position is recorded as a

waypoint on all NavNet units, under the youngest empty waypoint number on

each NavNet unit.

5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

Note: The screen of the TLL recipient may be temporarily interrupted when

receiving TLL from another NavNet display unit. Press any key to restore

normal operation.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-29

2.22 Guard Alarm

The guard alarm allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing for a

guard zone. When ships, islands, landmasses, etc. violate the guard zone, an

audio alarm sounds and the offending target blinks to call the operator’s

attention.

CAUTION

• The alarm should not be relied upon as

the sole means for detecting possible

collision situations.

• A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls

should be properly adjusted to be sure

the alarm system does not overlook

target echoes.

2.22.1 Setting a guard alarm zone

To set a guard alarm zone, set the radar to transmit and do the following:

1. Press the [ALARM] key.

2. Use the trackball to set the cursor on the top left corner (or top right corner)

of the guard zone you want to set, then press the SET GUARD1 or SET

GUARD2 soft key, depending on which guard zone you want to set.

3. Use the trackball to set the cursor on the bottom right corner (or top left

corner) of the guard zone area, then push the [ENTER] knob.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

(1) Drag cursor to top (or bottom) corner

for guard zone and press the SET

GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key.

(2) Drag cursor diagonally to bottom (or top)

corner for guard zone and press the [ENTER]

knob.

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°M

317.2 ˚R

11.60

SET

GUARD1

RETURN

12/

H-UP

3nm

39.9 ˚R

8.800

NO ALARM

ERASE

GUARD1

SET

GUARD2

SET

GUARD1

RETURN

ALARM ALARM

GUARD 1

319. 9°M

MOVE +CURSOR TO

ANOTHER CORNER OF

GUARD1 AND PUSH

KNOB TO SET.

SET

GUARD2

How to set a guard alarm zone

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-30

The equipment then searches for targets inside the guard zone to determine

guard alarm type. If a target is found inside the guard zone, the guard zone type

becomes an “Outward guard alarm,” and any target exiting the guard zone will

trigger the audio alarm. If no target is found, the guard zone type becomes an

“Inward guard alarm,” and any targets entering the guard zone will trigger the

audio alarm. The guard alarm type is shown as G1(G2) IN or G1(G2) OUT.

Note 1: When the radar range is less than the guard zone range, the audio

alarm sounds and the alarm icon appears (in red). Press the [CLEAR]

key to silence the alarm. Press the [ALARM] key and the message

“GUARD1(2) IS OUTSIDE RADAR RANGE” appears. Reselect

appropriate range.

Note 2: If the network radar is set to standby while the guard alarm is active, the

guard alarm is cancelled. The guard alarm is redisplayed when the

radar is set to transmit again.

Note 3: If the network radar is set to standby while the radar picture is not

displayed, the alarm icon appears in red and the alarm sounds. Press

the [ALARM] key and the message “STBY MODE HAS BEEN

SELECTED. GUARD/WTCHMN CANCELED.” or

“GUARD/WATCHMAN CANCELED. STBY/TX SELECTED.” appears.

2.22.2 When the alarm is violated…

Any radar target violating the guard zone will flash, the audio alarm sounds, and

the alarm icon appears in red. Additionally the message “TARGET ENTERED

INTO GUARD1(GUARD2)” or “TARGET LEFT FROM GUARD1(GUARD2)” is

displayed at the bottom of the screen. Press the [CLEAR] key to silence the

alarm. When this is done, the color of the speaker icon changes to background

color and “G1(G2) ACK” replaces G1(G2) IN(OUT) at the top right corner of the

display. This means the alarm is temporarily deactivated. To reactivate the alarm,

press the SET GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key as appropriate.

2.22.3 Cancelling the guard alarm

1. Press the [ALARM] key to show the ALARM menu.

2. Press the ERASE GUARD1 or ERASE GUARD2 soft key as appropriate.

3. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-31

2.23 Watchman

2.23.1 How watchman works

The watchman function periodically transmits radar pulses for one minute to

check for targets in a guard zone. If a target is found in the zone, watchman is

cancelled, the audio alarm sounds and the radar continues transmitting. If no

target is found the radar goes into standby for the number of minutes specified

on the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu. This feature is useful when you do not

need the radar’s function continuously but want to be alerted to radar targets in a

specific area. “WTCH” appears at the top left corner when Watchman is active.

ST-BY

5,10

20 min

1 min

Watchman

starts

5,10

20 min

ST-BY

* Beeps emitted just before radar transmits.

How watchman works

2.23.2 Turning on/off watchman

1. Set a guard zone. (See the paragraph 2.22.)

2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.

3. Press the NAV FUNC soft key.

4. Press the W. MAN ON/OFF soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate.

5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

Note: When the watchman is activated and no guard zone is active, the

message “PLEASE SET GUARD ZONE. PUSH ANY KEY TO

CONTINUE.” appears. Press any key and then set a guard zone.

2.23.3 Setting watchman stand-by interval

The watchman standby interval, that is, the number of minutes the radar is in

standby, can be set to 5, 10 or 20 minutes as follows:

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.

3. Select WATCHMAN TIME, then press the EDIT soft key.

WATCHMAN TIME

5 minutes

10 minutes

20 minutes

Watchman window

4. Select time desired, then press the ENTER soft key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-32

2.24 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes

In certain situations, echoes from very distance targets may appear as false

echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo

is received one transmission cycle later, or after a next radar pulse has been

transmitted.

Second-trace

echo

Tx repetition

Actual range

False echo

range

Second-trace echoes

To activate or deactivate the second-trace echo rejector do the following:

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.

3. Use the trackball to select 2ND ECHO REJECTION, then press the EDIT soft

key.

4. Choose ON or OFF as appropriate, then press the ENTER soft key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-33

2.25 Waypoint Marker

A waypoint marker, showing the location of the destination waypoint set on the

plotter, may be inscribed on the radar display.

NAV

FUNC

RETURN

12/

L 3nm

319. 9°M

359.9 ˚R

11.70

W. MAN

ON/ OFF

WPT MK

ON /OFF

Waypoint

marker

Waypoint marker

1. If not already shown, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft

keys.

2. Press the NAV FUNC soft key.

3. Press the WPT MK ON/OFF soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-34

2.26 ARP, TTM Operation

When the radar source is an ARP-equipped Model 1800/1900 series network

radar, you can manually and automatically acquire and track ten targets. Once a

target is acquired automatically or manually it is automatically tracked within 0.1

to 32 nm. If the FURUNO heading sensor PG-1000 is used, the data sentence

“RMC” is necessary.

Alternatively, you can display the tracks of other ships by receiving the data

sentence TTM (Tracked Target Message) via the NETWORK or NMEA port on

the display unit. However, targets cannot be acquired.

Usage precautions for ARP

WARNING

No one navigational aid should be relied

upon for the safety of vessel and crew.

The navigator has the responsibility to

check all aids available to confirm

position. Electronic aids are not

a substitute for basic navigational

principles and common sense.

• This auto plotter automatically tracks an

automatically or manually acquired radar

target and calculates its course and

speed, indicating them by a vector. Since

the data generated by the auto plotter

are based on what radar targets are

selected, the radar must always be

optimally tuned for use with the auto

plotter, to ensure required targets will not

be lost or unwanted targets such as sea

returns and noise will not be acquired

and tracked.

• A target does not always mean a land-

mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels

but can imply returns from sea surface

and clutter. As the level of clutter changes

with environment, the operator should

properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN

and GAIN controls to be sure target

echoes are not eliminated from the

radar screen.

CAUTION

The plotting accuracy and response of

this auto plotter meets IMO standards.

Tracking accuracy is affected by the

following:

• Tracking accuracy is affected by course

change. One to two minutes is required to

restore vectors to full accuracy after an

abrupt course change. (The actual

amount depends on gyrocompass

specifications.)

• The amount of tracking delay is inversely

proportional to the relative speed of the

target. Delay is on the order of 15-30

seconds for high relative speed; 30-60

seconds for low relative speed.

Display accuracy is affected by the

following:

• Echo intensity

• Radar transmission pulsewidth

• Radar bearing error

• Gyrocompass error

• Course change (own ship or target)

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-35

2.26.1 Activating/deactivating ARP, TTM

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP

SETUP menu.

EDIT

RETURN

ARP

SETUP

ARP TARGET INFO INTERNAL ARP

CANCEL ALL TARGETS NO

ARP VECTOR MODE TRUE

ARP VECTOR TIME 30 minutes

HISTORY INTERVAL OFF

CPA OFF

TCPA 30 seconds

AUTO ACQUISITION AREA OFF

TARGET ID NUMBER OFF

ARP setup menu

2. Select ARP TARGET INFO, then press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP

target info window.

ARP TARGET INFO

▲

▼

INTERNAL ARP

EXTERNAL ARP

OFF

ARP target info window

3. Select INTERNAL ARP, EXTERNAL ARP or OFF as appropriate.

INTERNAL ARP: The radar source must be an ARP-equipped Model

1800/1900 series NavNet radar. Select this item also for a NavNet unit being

fed ARP targets.

EXTERNAL ARP: Receive TTM data sentence via NMEA or NETWORK port.

Target tracks are shown but targets cannot be acquired.

OFF: Turns off the ARP or TTM display.

4. Press the ENTER soft key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-36

2.26.2 Acquiring and tracking targets (ARP)

Ten targets may be acquired and tracked manually and automatically. When you

attempt to acquire an 11th target, the message “ARP FULL – ALREADY

TRACKING 10 TARGETS!” appears for five seconds. To acquire another target,

terminate tracking of an unnecessary target as shown in the paragraph “2.26.4

Terminating tracking of ARP targets.”

Manual acquisition

1. If not already shown, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft

keys.

2. Press the TARGET soft key.

3. Place the cursor on the target to acquire.

4. Press the ACQ soft key.

5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

The plot symbol changes over time as below. A vector appears about one minute

after acquisition, indicating the target’s motion trend.

At acquisition 1 min. after

acquisition

3 min. after

acquisition

01* 01* 01*

Vector

* = Target number shown when TARGET ID NUMBER is

turned on in the ARP SETUP menu.

Target Number

ARP plot symbols

Automatic acquisition

The ARP can acquire up to ten targets automatically by setting an automatic

acquisition area. When automatic acquisition is selected after acquiring targets

manually, only the remaining capacity for targets may be automatically acquired.

For example, if seven targets have been manually acquired, three targets may

be automatically acquired.

1. Press the [MENU] key to show the main menu.

2. Press the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP SETUP menu.

3. Operate the trackball to select AUTO ACQUISITION AREA.

4. Press the EDIT soft key to show the automatic acquisition area window.

AUTO ACQ. AREA

▲

▼

OFF

Automatic acquisition area window

5. Select ON, then press the ENTER soft key.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-37

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. An acquisition area of 2.0 to 2.5

miles in range and ±45º on either side of the heading line in bearing appears.

Note: Targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously

tracked when switching to manual acquisition.

Automatic acquisition area

45° port 45° starboard

2.0 - 2.5 nm

Automatic acquisition area

2.26.3 Displaying target number (ARP, TTM)

Target number can be shown for ARP and TTM targets as below.

TARGET

TRAIL

TLL

OUTPUT

TARGET

INFO

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

11.70

ACQ

ARP

Target

Number

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9°T

ARP target number

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the ARP SETUP soft key.

3. Select TARGET ID NUMBER.

4. Press the EDIT soft key.

5. Select ON or OFF as appropriate.

6. Press the ENTER soft key.

7. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-38

2.26.4 Terminating tracking of ARP targets

When ten targets have been acquired, no more acquisition occurs unless targets

are cancelled. If you need to acquire additional targets, you must first cancel one

or more individual targets, or all targets, using one of the procedures below.

Terminating tracking of selected targets

1. Place the cursor on the target to terminate tracking.

2. Press the [CLEAR] key to terminate tracking and erase the target.

Terminating tracking of all targets

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.

2. Select CANCEL ALL TARGETS.

3. Press the EDIT soft key.

CANCEL ALL TARGETS

▲

▼

YES

Cancel all targets window

4. Select YES.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Press the RETURN soft key followed by the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-39

2.26.5 Setting vector attributes (ARP)

What is a vector?

A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated speed

and course of the target. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target

after the selected vector time elapses. It can be useful to extend the vector

length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision with any target.

Vector

Vector reference, vector time

You may reference the vectors to North (True, requires heading and speed data)

or ship’s heading (relative) as desired. Vector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1,

3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes.

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP

SETUP menu.

2. Operate the trackball to select ARP VECTOR MODE.

3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP vector mode window.

ARP VECTOR MODE

RELATIVE

TRUE

ARP vector mode window

4. Select TRUE or RELATIVE as appropriate.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Select ARP VECTOR TIME, then press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP

vector time window.

▲

▼

30 seconds

1 minute

3 minutes

6 minutes

15 minutes

30 minutes

ARP VECTOR TIME

ARP vector time window

7. Operate the trackball to select vector time among 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min, 6 min,

15 min and 30 min.

8. Press the ENTER soft key.

9. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-40

2.26.6 Displaying past position (ARP)

This ARP can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past

positions of any targets being tracked. You can evaluate a target’s actions by the

spacing between dots. Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement.

(a) Ship turning (b) Ship running

straight

speed

(d) Ship increased

speed

Past position displays

To turn the past position display on or off:

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.

2. Operate the trackball to select HISTORY INTERVAL.

3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the history interval window.

HISTORY INTERVAL

▲

▼

OFF

30 seconds

1 minute

3 minutes

6 minutes

History interval window

4. Operate the trackball to select history interval among 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min

and 6 min, or select OFF to turn off the past position display.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-41

2.26.7 ARP, TTM target data

You can show motion trends (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA) for

ARP or TTM targets. Note that TARGET ID NUMBER, in the ARP SETUP menu,

must be turned on to display this data.

1. Place the cursor on the target whose data you want to see.

2. If not already displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft

keys.

3. Press the TARGET and TARGET INFO soft keys. The data of the selected

target appears at the bottom left-hand corner of the display. (If an EBL/VRM

data box is displayed the ARP (TTM) data box will be under it.)

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

5. To erase ARP/TTM target data, select the corresponding target with the

cursor, then press the [CLEAR] key.

TARGET

TRAIL

TLL

OUTPUT

TARGET

INFO

RETURN

359.9 ˚R

11.70

No.01 VECTOR TRUE 15min

CSE 359.9˚T SPD 12.5kt

CPA 2.21nm TCPA 12:35

ARP

Target

CPA and TCPA

Course and Speed

Target No., Vector Reference (True), Vector Time

Cursor

ACQ

12/

H-UP

3nm

319. 9

°T

ARP target data

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-42

2.26.8 CPA/TCPA alarm (ARP)

When the predicted CPA of any target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm

range or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm

sounds and the speaker icon appears (in red). In addition, the target plot symbol

of the offending target changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector.

You may silence the audio alarm with the [CLEAR] key. Press the [ALARM] key

and the message “COLLISION ALARM” appears. Press the CLEAR ALARM soft

key to acknowledge the alarm. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol continues

until you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously

monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and

predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each track to own ship.

This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with

own ship. However, it is important that gain, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar

controls are properly adjusted and the ARP is set up so that it can track targets

effectively.

CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the

size, tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.

CAUTION

The CPA/TCPA alarm should never be

relied upon as the sole means for detect-

ing the risk of collision. The navigator is

not relieved of the responsibility to keep

visual lookout for avoiding collisions,

whether or not the radar or other plotting

aid is in use.

Follow the steps shown below to set the CPA/TCPA alarm range:

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.

2. Operate the trackball to select CPA.

3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the CPA window.

CPA

▲

▼

OFF

0.5nm

1nm

2nm

3nm

5nm

6nm

CPA window

4. Select a CPA limit desired from 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm and 6 nm

with the trackball.

5. Press the ENTER soft key. The ARP SETUP menu reappears.

6. Operate the trackball to select TCPA.

7. Press the EDIT soft key to show the TCPA window.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-43

TCPA

▲

▼

30 seconds

1 minute

2 minutes

3 minutes

4 minutes

5 minutes

6 minutes

12 minutes

TCPA window

8. Select a TCPA limit from 30 sec, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, 6 min and

12 min.

9. Press the ENTER soft key.

10. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2.26.9 Lost target alarm (ARP)

When the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond

and tracking is discontinued after one minute.

Lost target mark

Canceling a lost target

1. Place the cursor on the target.

2. Press the [CLEAR] key.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-44

2.27 Interpreting the Radar Display

2.27.1 General

Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of

1.5 or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate

from the point representing the antenna position. It is mainly dependent on the

pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang

suppression and digital quantization. It is best to use the shortest possible range

as long as the clarity and definition of the picture remain good.

Maximum range

The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably

depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the

waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of

the target, and atmospheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar

horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by

about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. Rmax is given

in the following equation.

Rma

= 2.2 x

(

h1 + h2

)

where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles)

h1: antenna height (m)

h2: target height (m)

Radar horizon

Optical horizon

Radar horizon

For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the

height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;

Rma

= 2.2 x

(

9+ 16

)

= 2.2 x

(

3 + 4

)

= 15.4 n

It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which

absorbs the radar signal).

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-45

Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing

resolution and range resolution.

Bearing resolution

Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display the echoes received from

two targets, which are at the same range and close together, as separate targets.

Bearing resolution is directly proportional to the antenna length, and inversely

proportional to the radar's wavelength.

Range resolution

Range resolution is the ability to display the echoes received from two targets,

which are on the same bearing and close to each other, as separate targets.

Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of

a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically

depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually

taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading

marker at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To

minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, select a range which will

put the target as far out to the edge of the radar screen as possible.

Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the

radar. There are three means of measuring range: the fixed range rings, the

trackball and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on

the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the

range to a target. The trackball is rolled to place the cursor on the leading edge

of the target. Range and bearing to the target is shown at the bottom right-hand

corner of the display. The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or

decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the

operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-46

2.27.2 False echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no

target or disappear even if there are targets. False target situations may be

recognized, however, if you understand why they are displayed. Typical false

echoes are shown below.

Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a

large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be

observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of

the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often

removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the [A/C SEA]

control.

Own ship

Target

True

echo

Multiple

echo

Multiple echoes

Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side

of the beam. This stray RF is called a “sidelobe.” If a target exists where it can

be detected by the sidelobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be

represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Sidelobes show

usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced

through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA

control.

Target B

(True)

Target B

(Spurious)

Target A

Sidelobe echoes

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-47

Virtual image

A relatively large target close to your ship may show at two positions on the

screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other

is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close

to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large

metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the

screen.

True

echo

False

echo

Own

ship

Target ship

Mirror image

of target ship

Virtual image

Shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar

beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a

non-detecting sector or blind spot may be produced. Within this sector, targets

can not be detected.

Radar

antenna

Radar

mast

Shadow sector

Shadow sectors

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-48

2.27.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3

cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received

causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete

radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through

the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band

back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve

complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match

that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver.

If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow

sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots

equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display may

show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional

dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed

with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller

than the original dots.

9500 MHz

9200 MHz

Radar antenna

beamwidth

Screen A: When SART

is distant Screen B: When SART

is close

Lines of 12 dots

are displayed in

concentric arcs.

Echo from SART

Position of

SART

Own ship

position Own ship

position

SART mark

length Radar receiver

bandwidth

Sweep time

7.5 µs 95 µs

Sweep start High speed sweep signal

Low speed sweep signal

24 NM 1.5 NM

Position of

SART

Echo from

SART

Appearance of SART signal on the radar display

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-49

General procedure for detecting SART response

1. Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART

responses is about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the SART.

2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression (if applicable).

3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.

General remarks on receiving SART

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the

SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is

displayed may be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART.

When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first

of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with

the range scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz

are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with

short pulses on short ranges.

Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly,

so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of

the SART.

Radar sidelobes

As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the

SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed

by the use of the [A/C SEA] control although it may be operationally useful to

observe the sidelobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and

also they will confirm that the SART is near to the ship.

Gain

For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range

detection should be used, that is, with background noise speckle visible.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-50

A/C SEA control

For optimum range SART detection, this control should be set to the minimum.

Care should be exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured. Note

also that in clutter conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be

detectable, irrespective of the setting of the anti-clutter sea control. In this case,

the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9.5 nm from the

furthest dot back towards own ship.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities in which case

the operator should switch to manual.

A/C RAIN control

This should be used normally (to break up areas of rain) when trying to detect a

SART response which, being a series of dots, is not affected by the action of the

anti-clutter rain circuitry. Note that racon responses, which are often in the form

of a long flash, will be affected by the use of this control.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities in which case

the operator should switch to manual.

Note: This SART information is excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 Operation of

Marine Radar for SART Detection.

2.27.4 Racon (Radar Beacon)

A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal when triggered

by a ship’s radar (usually only the 3 centimeter band). The signal may be emitted

on the same frequency as that of the triggering radar, in which case it is

superimposed on the ship's radar display automatically.

The racon signal appears on the PPI as a radial line originating at a point just

beyond the position of the radar beacon or as a Morse code signal (see figure

below) displayed radially from just beyond the beacon.

Racon

Appearance of racon signal on the radar display

Furuno USA 9ZWRTR060 Marine Radar User Manual operators manual

Furuno USA Inc Marine Radar operators manual

operators manual

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