Furuno USA 9ZWRTR060 Marine Radar User Manual operators manual

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MODEL 1833C MARINE RADAR
MODEL 1933C MARINE RADAR
MODEL 1943C MARINE RADAR
MODEL 1953C MARINE RADAR
COLOR VIDEO PLOTTER GD-1900C
Your Local Agent/Dealer
9-52 Ashihara-cho,
Nishinomiya, Japan
Telephone :
0798-65-2111
Telefax :
0798-65-4200
All rights reserved.
Printed in Japan
FIRST EDITION : APR. 2001
PUB.No. OME-35030
( HIMA ) M1833C SER & GD1900C
: FEB. 13,2002
*00080919801*
*00080919801*
*00080919801*
*OME35030E00*
*OME35030E00*
*OME35030E00*
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING
WARNING
Radio Frequency
Radiation Hazard
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD
Do not open the equipment.
Only qualified personnel
should work inside the
equipment.
The radar antenna emits electromagnetic
radio frequency (RF) energy which can be
harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never
look directly into the antenna aperture from
a close distance while the radar is in
operation or expose yourself to the transmitting antenna at a close distance.
Turn off the radar power
switch before servicing the
antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch
indicating it should not be
turned on while the antenna
unit is being serviced.
Distances at which RF radiation levels of
100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in the
table below.
Prevent the potential risk of
being struck by the rotating
antenna and exposure to
RF radiation hazard.
Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a
close distance in front of the wheel house,
your administration may require halt of
transmission within a certain sector of
antenna revolution. This is possible - Ask
your FURUNO representative or dealer to
provide this feature.
Wear a safety belt and hard
hat when working on the
antenna unit.
Serious injury or death can
result if someone falls from
the radar antenna mast.
MODEL
Do not disassemble or modify the
equipment.
Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can
result.
Turn off the power immediately if water
leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.
Continued use of the equipment can cause
fire or electrical shock.
Distance to
100 W/m2
point
Distance to
10 W/m2
point
MODEL
1833C
Nil
Worst case
0.50 m
MODEL
1933C
Worst case
0.20 m
Worst case
3.00 m
MODEL
1943C
Nil
MODEL XN-12A
1953C
XN-13A
Nil
Worst case
2.50 m
Worst case
2.50 m
Worst case
2.30 m
CAUTION
A warning label is attached to the
equipment. Do not remove the label.
If the label is missing or damaged,
contact a FURUNO agent or dealer.
Use the proper fuse.
Fuse rating is shown on the power cable.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage
to the equipment.
WARNING
To avoid electrical shock, do not
remove cover. No user-serviceable
parts inside.
Keep heater away from equipment.
Heat can alter equipment shape and melt
the power cord, which can cause fire or
electrical shock.
Name: Warning Label (1)
Type: 86-003-1011-0
Code No.: 100-236-230
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD................................................................................................................ viii
SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS ........................................................................................ x
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW .................................................................................. 1-1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
Operating Controls............................................................................................................... 1-2
1.1.1 Display unit controls ....................................................................................... 1-2
1.1.2 Remote controller........................................................................................... 1-4
Inserting a Chart Card.......................................................................................................... 1-5
Turning the Unit On/Off........................................................................................................ 1-6
Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Hue.............................................................................. 1-7
1.4.1 Display brilliance, panel brilliance................................................................... 1-7
1.4.2 Hue ................................................................................................................ 1-8
Selecting a Display .............................................................................................................. 1-9
1.5.1 Display modes................................................................................................ 1-9
1.5.2 Selecting a display ....................................................................................... 1-10
1.5.3 Switching control in combination and overlay screens.................................. 1-11
1.5.4 Selecting image source ................................................................................ 1-12
Trackball, Cursor................................................................................................................ 1-13
Entering the MOB Mark, Setting MOB as Destination....................................................... 1-14
Data Boxes......................................................................................................................... 1-15
1.8.1 Showing, hiding data boxes with soft key ..................................................... 1-15
1.8.2 Rearranging data boxes ............................................................................... 1-16
1.8.3 Temporarily erasing a data box..................................................................... 1-16
Function Keys .................................................................................................................... 1-17
1.9.1 Executing a function ..................................................................................... 1-17
Simulation Display .............................................................................................................1-18
2. RADAR OPERATION ............................................................................................. 2-1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
Radar Display....................................................................................................................... 2-1
Transmitting, Stand-by ......................................................................................................... 2-2
Tuning .................................................................................................................................. 2-2
Adjusting the Gain................................................................................................................ 2-2
Reducing Sea Clutter........................................................................................................... 2-4
2.5.1 How the A/C SEA works ................................................................................. 2-4
2.5.2 Adjusting the A/C SEA.................................................................................... 2-4
Reducing Precipitation Clutter ............................................................................................. 2-5
2.6.1 Adjusting the A/C RAIN .................................................................................. 2-5
Range Scale......................................................................................................................... 2-6
Pulselength .......................................................................................................................... 2-7
Presentation Mode............................................................................................................... 2-8
2.9.1 Selecting a presentation mode ....................................................................... 2-8
2.9.2 Description of presentation modes ................................................................. 2-9
ii
2.10 Measuring the Range......................................................................................................... 2-11
2.10.1 Measuring range by range rings ................................................................... 2-11
2.10.2 Measuring range by cursor ...........................................................................2-12
2.10.3 Measuring range by VRM .............................................................................2-13
2.10.4 Erasing a VRM, VRM indication....................................................................2-14
2.10.5 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes ......................................................................2-14
2.10.6 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes ........................................................................2-14
2.10.7 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes .......................................................................2-14
2.11 Measuring the Bearing.......................................................................................................2-14
2.11.1 Measuring bearing by cursor ........................................................................2-14
2.11.2 Measuring bearing by EBL............................................................................2-14
2.11.3 Erasing an EBL, EBL indication ....................................................................2-15
2.11.4 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes ......................................................................2-15
2.11.5 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes ........................................................................2-15
2.11.6 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes .......................................................................2-15
2.12 Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker ...........................................................................2-16
2.13 Reducing Noise Interference .............................................................................................2-16
2.14 Rejecting Radar Interference.............................................................................................2-17
2.15 Zoom ..................................................................................................................................2-18
2.15.1 Zooming in on radar targets..........................................................................2-18
2.15.2 Zooming in on ARP, TTM targets ..................................................................2-18
2.16 Shifting the Picture.............................................................................................................2-19
2.16.1 Manual shift ..................................................................................................2-19
2.16.2 Automatic shift ..............................................................................................2-20
2.17 Using the Offset EBL .........................................................................................................2-21
2.17.1 Predicting collision course ............................................................................2-21
2.17.2 Measuring range & bearing between two targets ..........................................2-22
2.18 Echo Trails .........................................................................................................................2-23
2.18.1 Trail time.......................................................................................................2-23
2.18.2 Starting echo trails ........................................................................................2-24
2.18.3 Trail gradation...............................................................................................2-24
2.18.4 Trail color......................................................................................................2-25
2.18.5 Echo trail mode.............................................................................................2-25
2.19 Echo Stretch.......................................................................................................................2-26
2.20 Echo Averaging ..................................................................................................................2-27
2.21 Outputting TLL Data...........................................................................................................2-28
2.22 Guard Alarm .......................................................................................................................2-29
2.22.1 Setting a guard alarm zone...........................................................................2-29
2.22.2 When the alarm is violated… ........................................................................2-30
2.22.3 Cancelling the guard alarm ...........................................................................2-30
2.23 Watchman ..........................................................................................................................2-31
2.23.1 How watchman works...................................................................................2-31
2.23.2 Turning on/off watchman ..............................................................................2-31
2.23.3 Setting watchman stand-by interval ..............................................................2-31
2.24 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes ...................................................................................2-32
2.25 Waypoint Marker ................................................................................................................2-33
iii
2.26 ARP, TTM Operation.......................................................................................................... 2-34
2.26.1 Activating/deactivating ARP, TTM................................................................. 2-35
2.26.2 Acquiring and tracking targets (ARP)............................................................ 2-36
2.26.3 Displaying target number (ARP, TTM) .......................................................... 2-37
2.26.4 Terminating tracking of ARP targets.............................................................. 2-38
2.26.5 Setting vector attributes (ARP) ..................................................................... 2-39
2.26.6 Displaying past position (ARP) ..................................................................... 2-40
2.26.7 ARP, TTM target data ................................................................................... 2-41
2.26.8 CPA/TCPA alarm (ARP) ............................................................................... 2-42
2.26.9 Lost target alarm (ARP)................................................................................ 2-43
2.27 Interpreting the Radar Display ........................................................................................... 2-44
2.27.1 General ........................................................................................................ 2-44
2.27.2 False echoes................................................................................................ 2-46
2.27.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) .................................................... 2-48
2.27.4 Racon (Radar Beacon)................................................................................. 2-50
3. PLOTTER OPERATION ......................................................................................... 3-1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Plotter Displays .................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Full-screen plotter display............................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Compass display............................................................................................ 3-3
3.1.3 Highway display ............................................................................................. 3-5
3.1.4 Nav data display............................................................................................. 3-6
Presentation Mode............................................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.1 North-up ......................................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.2 Course-up ...................................................................................................... 3-8
3.2.3 Auto course-up............................................................................................... 3-8
Shifting the Display .............................................................................................................. 3-9
Chart Scale .......................................................................................................................... 3-9
Chart Cards........................................................................................................................ 3-10
3.5.1 Chart card overview ..................................................................................... 3-10
3.5.2 Indices and chart enlargement ..................................................................... 3-11
3.5.3 FURUNO and NavCharts™ charts............................................................... 3-12
3.5.4 C-MAP charts............................................................................................... 3-14
Working with Track.............................................................................................................3-18
3.6.1 Displaying track............................................................................................ 3-18
3.6.2 Stopping, restarting plotting of own ship track............................................... 3-19
3.6.3 Changing track color .................................................................................... 3-20
3.6.4 Track plotting method and interval for own ship track ................................... 3-21
3.6.5 Changing own ship track/mark distribution setting........................................ 3-22
3.6.6 Erasing track ................................................................................................ 3-23
Marks, Lines....................................................................................................................... 3-25
3.7.1 Entering a mark, line .................................................................................... 3-25
3.7.2 Changing mark attributes ............................................................................. 3-25
3.7.3 Selecting line type ........................................................................................ 3-26
3.7.4 Erasing marks, lines ..................................................................................... 3-27
Waypoints........................................................................................................................... 3-28
3.8.1 Entering waypoints ....................................................................................... 3-28
3.8.2 Editing waypoint data ................................................................................... 3-31
iv
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.8.3 Erasing waypoints.........................................................................................3-33
3.8.4 Changing waypoint mark size (FURUNO, NavCharts™)...............................3-34
3.8.5 Searching waypoints.....................................................................................3-35
Routes................................................................................................................................3-36
3.9.1 Creating routes .............................................................................................3-36
3.9.2 Connecting routes ........................................................................................3-40
3.9.3 Inserting waypoints .......................................................................................3-41
3.9.4 Removing waypoints from a route.................................................................3-43
3.9.5 Erasing routes ..............................................................................................3-43
Navigation ..........................................................................................................................3-44
3.10.1 Navigating to a “quick point” .........................................................................3-44
3.10.2 Navigating to waypoints ................................................................................3-45
3.10.3 Navigating to ports, port services (NavCharts™ only) ..................................3-46
3.10.4 Following a route ..........................................................................................3-48
3.10.5 Canceling route navigation ...........................................................................3-51
Alarms ................................................................................................................................3-52
3.11.1 Audio alarm on/off.........................................................................................3-52
3.11.2 Arrival alarm .................................................................................................3-53
3.11.3 Anchor watch alarm ......................................................................................3-54
3.11.4 XTE (Cross-Track Error) alarm .....................................................................3-55
3.11.5 Speed alarm .................................................................................................3-55
3.11.6 Proximity alarm.............................................................................................3-56
3.11.7 Trip alarm .....................................................................................................3-57
3.11.8 Alarm information .........................................................................................3-58
Resetting Trip Distance......................................................................................................3-60
4. VIDEO SOUNDER OPERATION............................................................................ 4-1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
Principle of Operation .......................................................................................................... 4-1
Sounder Displays................................................................................................................. 4-2
4.2.1 Selecting a sounder display ............................................................................4-2
4.2.2 Description of sounder displays ......................................................................4-3
4.2.3 Selecting screen split method in combination displays....................................4-8
Automatic Sounder Operation ............................................................................................. 4-9
4.3.1 How the automatic sounder works ..................................................................4-9
4.3.2 Types of automatic sounder modes ................................................................4-9
4.3.3 How to enable automatic sounder operation...................................................4-9
Manual Sounder Operation................................................................................................4-10
4.4.1 Selecting the manual mode ..........................................................................4-10
4.4.2 Selecting display range.................................................................................4-10
4.4.3 Adjusting the gain .........................................................................................4-10
4.4.4 Shifting the range.......................................................................................... 4-11
Measuring Depth, Time......................................................................................................4-12
Reducing Interference........................................................................................................4-13
Reducing Low Level Noise ................................................................................................4-14
Erasing Weak Echoes........................................................................................................4-15
White Marker......................................................................................................................4-16
4.10 Picture Advance Speed...................................................................................................... 4-17
4.10.1 Advancement independent of ship’s speed .................................................. 4-17
4.10.2 Advancement synchronized with ship’s speed.............................................. 4-18
4.11 Display Colors.................................................................................................................... 4-19
4.12 Alarms ................................................................................................................................ 4-20
4.12.1 Audio alarm on/off ........................................................................................ 4-20
4.12.2 Bottom alarm................................................................................................ 4-21
4.12.3 Fish alarm .................................................................................................... 4-21
4.12.4 Fish alarm (B/L)............................................................................................ 4-22
4.12.5 Water temperature alarm.............................................................................. 4-23
4.12.6 When an alarm setting is violated................................................................. 4-24
4.13 Water Temperature Graph ................................................................................................. 4-25
4.14 Interpreting the Sounder Display ....................................................................................... 4-26
4.14.1 Zero line ....................................................................................................... 4-26
4.14.2 Bottom echo................................................................................................. 4-26
4.14.3 Fish school echoes ...................................................................................... 4-27
4.14.4 Surface noise/Aeration ................................................................................. 4-27
5. CUSTOMIZING YOUR UNIT .................................................................................. 5-1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
General Setup...................................................................................................................... 5-1
Radar Setup ......................................................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.1 Radar display setup........................................................................................ 5-3
5.2.2 Radar range setup ......................................................................................... 5-6
5.2.3 Function key setup ......................................................................................... 5-7
Plotter Setup ........................................................................................................................ 5-9
5.3.1 Navigation options.......................................................................................... 5-9
5.3.2 Function key setup ....................................................................................... 5-10
Chart Setup ........................................................................................................................ 5-12
5.4.1 Chart offset................................................................................................... 5-12
5.4.2 FURUNO, NavCharts™ chart attributes....................................................... 5-13
5.4.3 C-MAP chart attributes ................................................................................. 5-15
Data Boxes Setup .............................................................................................................. 5-18
Hot Page Setup.................................................................................................................. 5-19
Navigator Setup ................................................................................................................. 5-21
5.7.1 Navigation data source................................................................................. 5-21
5.7.2 GPS receiver setup ...................................................................................... 5-22
5.7.3 TD display setup .......................................................................................... 5-25
Nav Data Display Setup..................................................................................................... 5-27
Sounder Setup ................................................................................................................... 5-28
5.9.1 System setup ............................................................................................... 5-28
5.9.2 Sensor setup................................................................................................ 5-30
5.9.3 Sounding range, zoom range, bottom lock range ......................................... 5-31
5.9.4 Function key setup ....................................................................................... 5-32
vi
6. DATA TRANSFER .................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Memory Card Operations..................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Formatting memory cards ...............................................................................6-1
6.1.2 Saving data to a memory card ........................................................................6-2
6.1.3 Playing back data from a memory card...........................................................6-4
Uploading, Downloading Data ............................................................................................. 6-5
6.2.1 Setting communication software on the PC.....................................................6-5
6.2.2 Uploading or downloading data.......................................................................6-5
Loading Waypoint Data from Yeoman ................................................................................. 6-8
Receiving Data Via Network Equipment.............................................................................. 6-9
Outputting Data Through the Network ...............................................................................6-10
7. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................... 7-1
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
Preventive Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 7-1
Replacement of Battery ....................................................................................................... 7-1
Replacement of Fuse........................................................................................................... 7-2
Trackball Maintenance......................................................................................................... 7-2
Simple Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................... 7-3
7.5.1 General...........................................................................................................7-3
7.5.2 Radar .............................................................................................................7-3
7.5.3 Plotter .............................................................................................................7-4
7.5.4 Sounder..........................................................................................................7-5
Diagnostics........................................................................................................................... 7-6
7.6.1 Memory I/O test ..............................................................................................7-6
7.6.2 Test pattern.....................................................................................................7-9
7.6.3 Keyboard, remote controller test ...................................................................7-10
GPS Status Display............................................................................................................ 7-11
Clearing Memories.............................................................................................................7-12
Error Messages..................................................................................................................7-13
APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................A-1
Menu Overview .............................................................................................................................A-1
Geodetic Chart List .................................................................................................................... A-10
World Time Chart ........................................................................................................................A-11
Icons .......................................................................................................................................... A-12
SPECIFICATIONS .....................................................................................................SP-1
INDEX................................................................................................................... Index-1
Declaration of Conformity
vii
FOREWORD
A Word to the Owner of the Model 1800C/1900C Series
Marine Radar, GD-1900C Color Video Plotter
FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the Model 1800C/1900C Series
Marine Radar, GD-1900C Color Video Plotter. We are confident you will discover why the
FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability.
For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for
quality and reliability throughout the world. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our
extensive global network of agents and dealers.
Your equipment is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine
environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly
installed and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the operation and maintenance
procedures set forth in this manual.
We would appreciate feedback from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our
purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO.
The example screens shown in this manual may not match the screens you see on your
display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and equipment settings.
viii
Features
The 1800C/1900C series of radars and video plotters work within our new product-network
system called the “NavNet.” Each product has an IP address to communicate with NavNet
compatible products within the network, using TCP/IP protocol through an Ethernet
10BASE-T network.
The main features are as follows:
•
The 1800C/1900C series of radars and video plotters consists of the following models:
Model
Output
Range
Radar
Antenna
Marine Radar Model 1833C
4 kW
36 nm
2 ft Radome
Marine Radar Model 1933C
4 kW
48 nm
3.5 ft Open
Marine Radar Model 1943C
6 kW
64 nm
4 ft Open
Marine Radar Model 1953C
12 kW
72 nm
4/6 ft, Open
Color Video Plotter GD-1900C
—
—
—
•
Bright 10.4” screen visible even under direct sunlight.
•
User friendly operation with combination of discrete keys, soft keys, alphanumeric keys
and trackball.
•
Accepts FURUNO and Nav-charts™ (NAVIONICS) charts, or C-MAP charts, depending
on specification.
•
Fast chart redraw.
•
Built-in NavNet interface circuit board.
•
Video input (video recorder, CCD device, etc.) available with installation of optional PIP
Board.
•
12-channel GPS Receiver GP-310B with highly accurate position fixing optionally
available.
•
User programmable function keys.
•
Video sounder picture available with connection of the optional Network Sounder
ETR-6/10N.
ix
SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS
All NavNet products incorporate a “network circuit board” to integrate each NavNet product
on board through an optional LAN cable (Ethernet 10BASE-T). Each NavNet product is
assigned an IP address to enable transfer of images between other NavNet products. For
example, video plotter pictures can be transferred to a radar and vice versa. Pictures
received via the NavNet may be adjusted at the receiving end.
A NavNet system may consist of up to four NavNet display units or three display units and
one network sounder. For a system incorporating three or more products, a “hub” is
required to process data.
NavNet system (Model 1833C/1933C/1943C/1953C)
Antenna Unit
MODEL1953C
GPS receiver
GP-310B
MODEL1933C MODEL1943C
MODEL1833C
Power Supply Unit
PSU-005
Echo sounder
Navigator
Display unit*
RDP-138/139
External buzzer
PC
Echo sounder
VGA monitor
Remote display
Video equipment
Heading
sensor
Other NavNet unit
(GD-1900C etc.)
Network
Sounder
ETR-6/10N
Rectifier
RU-3423
PR-62
12 - 24 VDC
Ship's mains
100/110/115/220/230 VAC
1φ, 50/60 Hz
*1953C: RDP-139 only
NavNet system (Model 1833C/1933C/1943C/1953C)
Single-unit NavNet system (GD-1900C)
GPS receiver
GP-310B
External buzzer
PC
Echo sounder
Remote
Controller
RMC-100
VGA monitor
Remote display
Video equipment
Display unit
RDP-138/139
Echosounder
Navigator
Other NavNet Unit
(Model 1833C, etc.)
: Standard
: Option
Network
Sounder
ETR-6/10N
Rectifier
PR-62
12 - 24 VDC
Ship's mains
100/110/220/230 VAC
1φ, 50/60 Hz
Single-unit NavNet system (GD-1900C)
xi
Two-unit NavNet system
Radar Antenna Unit
OR
GPS Receiver GP-310B
Radar Antenna Unit
OR
GPS Receiver GP-310B
RADAR
or
PLOTTER
RADAR
or
PLOTTER
Radar, plotter data
Radar, plotter data
Two-unit NavNet system
Three-or-more-unit NavNet system (Max. 4 NavNet capable display units)
Radar Antenna Unit
OR
GPS Receiver GP-310B
Radar Antenna Unit
OR
GPS Receiver GP-310B
RADAR
or
PLOTTER
RADAR
or
PLOTTER
Radar data
Plotter data
HUB
Sounder data
Network
Sounder
ETR-6/10N (option)
Note: The picture disappears
10 seconds after the NavNet
cable is disconnected from a
"sub" NavNet display unit.
Three-or-more-unit NavNet system
xii
1.
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
This chapter provides the basic information needed to get you started using your
radar, video plotter. The following topics are presented:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Control overview
Chart card insertion
Power on/off
Brilliance and hue adjustments
Display selection
MOB (Man OverBoard) mark entry
Data boxes
Function keys
Simulation display
NOTICE
The brilliance of the LCD is adjustable
to match a wide variety of lighting
conditions. However, its maximum
setting may not be sufficiently bright
to permit viewing of the display with
polarized sunglasses.
The high-resolution model may show
afterglow after several hours of continuous use in the same mode. This is
not a sign of malfunction.
1-1
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.1
Operating Controls
1.1.1
Display unit controls
Overview of display unit controls
The radar, video plotter, sounder and chart systems are operated with the
controls of the display unit (and the remote controller). Ten keys are labeled and
they provide the function shown on their labels. The five soft keys provide
various functions according to current operating mode. The [ENTER] knob
mainly functions to register selections on the menu and adjust the EBL, VRM
and gain. The trackball’s main function is to move the cursor across the screen.
When you correctly execute an operation, the unit generates a beep. Invalid
operation causes the unit to emit three beeps.
Trackball
Shifts cursor EBL/VRM and
cursor; selects menu items and options.
Displays the mode
selection window.
Opens/closes the alarm menu.
Clears data; erases selected mark.
Opens/closes the main menu.
Selects a range.
Momentary press:
Registers own ship’s
position as a waypoint.
Press three seconds:
Marks man overboard
position.
Soft keys
Shows or hides the soft
keys, function keys,
nav data alternately.
ABC
DEF
GHI
JKL
MNO
PQR
STU
VWX
YZ&
EBL
VRM
_'#
GAIN
ENTER knob
Push: Registers setting.
Rotate: Adjusts, gain, VRM, EBL, etc.;
selects menu items and options. May also
be used to enter alphanumeric data.
Enter alphanumeric data.
Radar: Displays the soft keys for adjustment of
gain, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and FTC (Model 1700
series radar only).
Sounder: Adjusts gain.
Long press: Turns power off.
Momentary press: Turns the power on;
opens the display for adjustment of brilliance
and hue; shows RADAR STBY/TX soft key.
Chart drive
Displays soft keys for EBL/VRM.
Control panel
1-2
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
Soft keys
The function of the five soft keys changes according to the operation. Their
labels for their current functions are shown on the screen to the left of the keys.
To hide or show the soft keys, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key. Each press of the
key shows preset soft keys, user function keys or turns off navigation information
(at the top of the screen).
SOFT
KEYS
Display unit
Some soft keys show the current station of the soft key function in reverse video
as shown below.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
34° 22. 3456'N
080° 22. 3456'E
TRAIL
TRAIL
ON /OFF
359.9°M
19.9 kt
16.0nm
TRIP
NU
99.9 nm
MARK
ENTRY
TRAIL
TIME
MODE
NTH UP
GRAD
SINGLE
NAV
POS
TRAIL
COLOR
RETURN
WP-002
D. BOX
ON/OFF
FISH
BRIDGE
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Current option shown in reverse video
Radar Display
Plotter Display
Radar and plotter displays
1-3
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.1.2
Remote controller
SAVE
RANGE
MOB
DISP
ABC
DEF
GHI
JKL
MNO
PQR
STU
VWX
YZ&
’# 0
EBL/VRM
WPT
Operating distance
90°: Up to 5 m
±45°: Up to 3 m
Replace the batteries (AA) when the
distance from which the display
unit can be operated shortens.
Note: The remote controller may
become damaged if dropped.
Mishandling of the remote
controller is not covered by
the warranty.
GAIN
CENTER
CNTL
MARK
ENT
ENT
MENU
CLEAR
BRILL
SK1
TONE
SK2
TX/STBY
ACQ
ALARM
HIDE/SHOW
SK3
SK4
SK5
Remote controller
Key
RANGE
DISP
SAVE MOB
Ten keys
EBL/VRM
GAIN
WPT
MARK ENT
CENTER
CNTL
1-4
Function
Same as RANGE key on
display unit.
Same as DISP key on
display unit.
Same as SAVE/MOB key on
display unit.
Enter alphanumerics.
Same as EBL/VRM key on
display unit.
Same as GAIN key on
display unit.
Displays “alphabet” WPT list
on plotter display.
Same as MARK ENTRY soft
key.
Returns own ship to screen
center on plotter display.
Switches control between
displays on combination
displays.
Key
ENT
CLEAR
MENU
BRILL
TONE
TX/STBY
ACQ
ALARM
HIDE/SHOW
SK1 – SK5
(soft keys)
Function
Same as ENTER knob on
display unit.
Same as CLEAR key on
display unit.
Same as MENU key on
display unit.
Adjusts display brilliance.
Not used.
Toggles radar between
standby and transmit.
Acquires radar target.
(Requires radar source
equipped with ARP.)
Same as ALARM key on the
display unit.
Same as HIDE/SHOW key
on display unit.
Same as soft keys on display
unit.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.2
Inserting a Chart Card
Your unit reads FURUNO and Nav-Charts™ (NAVIONICS) chart cards, or
C-MAP chart cards, depending on the type of display unit you have. Insert the
appropriate chart card for your area as follows:
1. Open the chart drive.
Chart drive
Display unit
2. Insert desired chart card groove side up.
3. Close the lid to protect the chart drive.
Note 1: Do not remove a card while the chart is being drawn. This may cause
the equipment to freeze.
Note 2: Do not insert or remove a card while the power is on. This may cause
the equipment to freeze.
Note 3: For multiple display units, do not use the same chart card type in more
than one display unit.
Note 4: A card remover is supplied to ease removal of chart cards. Attach the
card remover to the right-hand side hole of the card and pull it to remove
the card. You can leave the remover attached to the card while the card
is in the chart drive. Push the remover leftward until it contacts the
recessed area on the card.
Chart card and card remover
1-5
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.3
Turning the Unit On/Off
Press the [POWER/BRILL] key to turn the unit on. A beep sounds and the
equipment proceeds in the sequence shown below, displaying product
information, startup test results and the chart usage disclaimer. The startup test
checks the ROM, RAM, internal battery and backup data for proper operation,
displaying the results for each as OK or NG (No Good). If NG appears an
appropriate message appears on the screen. For any NG, try to press any key to
go to the chart disclaimer screen, then perform the diagnostic test as shown in
the paragraph “7.6 Diagnostics.”
Chart List
* = "GD-1900C Plotter" for GD-1900C
#= Name determined at installation.
Host Name
RADAR PLOTTER*
STATION NAME:
RADAR#
FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
CHARTS AVAILABLE
** = Program version no. for
FURUNO/NAVIONICS
model. 19500010XX for C-MAP model.
XX = program version no.
STARTUP TEST
è
ROM
RAM
INTERNAL BATTERY
BACKUP DATA
LICENSE NO.
OK
OK
OK
OK
è
NO NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC
OFFICE HAS VERIFIED THE
INFORMATION IN THIS
COASTLINE DATA CARD AND NONE
ACCEPT LIABILITY FOR THE
ACCURACY OF REPRODUCTION OR
ANY MODIFICATIONS MADE
THEREAFTER. THIS PRODUCT WITH
THIS COASTLINE DATA CARD
DOES NOT REPLACE THE
REQUIREMENT TO USE THE
APPROPRIATE PRODUCTS FOR
NAVIGATION ACCORDING TO
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
REGULATIONS.
PROGRAM No. 19500020XX**
Startup sequence
For start up with the radar display, the magnetron takes from one minute to
two minutes and thirty seconds (depending or radar model) to warm up before
the radar can be operated. The time remaining for warm up of the magnetron is
counted down at the center of the display.
You may press any key at the chart disclaimer screen to show the last-used
display, or wait several seconds to let the equipment do it for you.
To turn the unit off, press and hold down the [POWER/BRILL] key until the
screen goes dark (approx. 3 sec.). To protect the LCD attach the hard cover.
Note that the network sounder will be turned off approx. three minutes after
turning off the power.
Note: The first time you turn on the power (or any time the power is applied after
a memory reset), you are asked if you want to start the simulation mode,
which provides simulated operation of the equipment. Push the [ENTER]
knob to start the simulation mode, or press the [CLEAR] key to start
normal operation. For further details about the simulation mode, see the
paragraph “1.10 Simulation Display.”
1-6
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.4
Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Hue
You can adjust display brilliance, panel brilliance and hue as shown below.
1.4.1
Display brilliance, panel brilliance
1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily. A set of soft keys for adjustment
of brilliance and hue appear.
Active soft key is highlighted.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
BRILL
CONTST
DISPLY
BRILL
359.9°M
19.9 kt
16.0nm
BRILL NU
TRIP
CONTST
99.9 nm
DISPLY
BRILL
PANEL
BRILL
PANEL
BRILL
HUE
HUE
RADAR
STBY
DISPLAY BRILLIANCE
34° 22. 3456'N
080° 22. 3456'E
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Radar Display
WP-002
RADAR
STBY
FISH
DISPLAYBRIDGE
BRILLIANCE
RETURN
Plotter Display
Brilliance adjustment soft keys
2. Press the DISPLY BRILL or PANEL BRILL soft key as appropriate. An
adjustment window appears at the bottom of the screen. This window shows
the name of the item selected for adjustment plus current brilliance level, by
bar graph.
DISPLAY BRILLIANCE
Display brilliance
PANEL BRILLIANCE
Panel brilliance
Display brilliance and panel brilliance windows
3. Adjust the [ENTER] knob, clockwise to raise the setting or counterclockwise
to decrease it. You may also use the soft key pressed at step 2. Eight levels
of display brilliance and panel brilliance are available.
4. Hit the RETURN soft key to finish.
Note 1: If the unit is turned off with minimum brilliance, the screen will be dark at
the next power-up. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key consecutively to
adjust the brilliance.
Note 2: This equipment does not have a contrast control.
1-7
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.4.2
Hue
You may select the colors for the radar, plotter and overlay displays as below.
1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily.
2. Press the HUE soft key to show the hue setting window.
HUE
▲
¡ DAY
¡ NIGHT
¡ TWILIGHT
¤ MANUAL SET
▼
Hue window
3. Operate the trackball to select hue desired, referring to the table below.
MANUAL SET follows the color settings on the CHART DETAILS menu for
the plotter and the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu for the radar.
Night
Characters
Red
Day
Black
Radar ring
Radar echo
Background
Landmass (plotter)
Red
Orange
Black
Light-Yellow
Green*
Red
White
Yellow
Twilight
Green
Green*
Yellow
Blue
Light-Yellow
* = Red on C-MAP display unit.
4. Hit the RETURN soft key to finish.
Note: When using the overlay screen, the own ship track will be hidden if the
radar background and own ship track are blue and the “MANUAL SET”
hue setting is used. In this case, set HUE to other position and then return
to “MANUAL” to show the own ship track in black.
1-8
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.5
Selecting a Display
1.5.1
Display modes
If you have a radar, navigator, network sounder and external video source (video
recorder, etc., optional PIP board required) six full-screen displays are available:
radar, plotter, echo sounder, nav data, overlay, and external video. In addition to
the full-screen display, you can divide the screen into halves and thirds to show
two and three sets of images on a combination display.
Full screen
(radar)
Combination screen
(radar + plotter)
Overlay screen
(plotter + radar only,
Requires L/L data)
Display screens
The table below shows the displays available with each screen type.
Screen type and available display screen
Full screen
Plotter, radar, sounder,
nav data, external
video, overlay
Combination screen options
(half- or thirds-screen)
Plotter, radar, sounder,
compass, highway,
compass/highway, nav data,
overlay, external video
Overlay screen
options
Radar + plotter
1-9
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.5.2
Selecting a display
1. Press the [DISP] key to show the display selection window. The icons of
modes not available are marked with an “X.” HOTPAGE 1-HOTPAGE 6 are
user-arrangeable displays called “hot pages,” which you can configure as you
like. For further details, see the paragraph “5.6 Hot Page Setup.”
Selected
item
RADAR
PLOTTER SOUNDER NAV DATA OVERLAY EXT VIDEO
Basic display
screens
Hot pages
HOTPAGE 1 HOTPAGE 2
HOTPAGE 3
HOTPAGE 4
HOTPAGE 5 HOTPAGE 6
· TURN KNOB TO SELECT MODE
AND PUSH KNOB TO ENTER.
· PUSH ANY SOFT KEY TO
SELECT IMAGE SOURCE.
Display screen selection window
2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select a basic display screen or a hot page
screen.
3. Push the [ENTER] knob.
4. If you selected a basic display screen, a group of appropriate combination
displays appear. In the example below, the radar combination screens are
shown.
PUSH ENTER KNOB.
Radar combination screen selection window
5. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select display desired.
6. Push the [ENTER] knob to finish.
1-10
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.5.3
Switching control in combination and overlay screens
A soft key is provided in relevant combination and overlay screens to switch
control between displays. In the example below, the PLOTTR CNTRL and SNDR
CNTRL soft keys enable switching control between the plotter and sounder
screens in the plotter/sounder combination display.
0’33"
34° 22. 3456’N 359.9°M TRIP NU
080° 22. 3456’E 19.9 kt 99.9 nm
MARK
ENTRY
40.0
16.0nm
50
100
150
97
WP-002
MODE
NTH UP
NAV
POS
PLOTTR
CNTRL
200
50k
FISH
Plotter display selected
PLOTTR
CNTRL
SNDR
CNTRL
To adjust
sounder
To adjust
plotter
0’33"
34° 22. 3456’N 359.9°M TRIP NU
080° 22. 3456’E 19.9 kt 99.9 nm
SHIFT
40.0
16.0nm
50
MODE
100
FREQ
50 /200
DISPLAY
MODE
150
SNDR
CNTRL
97
WP-002
FISH
200
50k
Sounder display selected
How to switch control between modes in the plotter/sounder combination display
1-11
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.5.4
Selecting image source
When more than one network radar or network sounder is connected to the
equipment, you may select an image source for each as shown below. This is
not necessary when only one network radar or network sounder is connected.
1. Press the [DISP] key.
2. Press any soft key to show the following display.
SELECT
SOURCE
RADAR - - SOUNDER-
IP ADDRESS
HOST NAME
172.031.003.003
RADAR - - -
▲
RADAR SOURCE
SOUNDER SOURCE
EDIT
IF THERE IS MORE THAN
ONE NETWORK RADAR OR
ECHO SOUNDER, YOU MAY
SELECT THE IMAGE
SOURCES FOR DISPLAY.
RETURN
Select source menu
3. Use the trackball to select RADAR SOURCE or SOUNDER SOURCE as
appropriate, then press the EDIT key.
RADAR SOURCE
SOUNDER SOURCE
RADAR - - -
SOUNDER-
Radar source
Sounder source
Radar source and sounder source windows
4. Use the trackball and alphanumeric keys to enter source name: Adjust the
trackball to select location and enter character with the alphanumeric keys.
5. Push the [ENTER] knob to set.
6. Press the [DISP] key to finish.
7. Turn the power off and on again.
Note: Source names are determined at installation. For example, the source
names for radars in a two radar system might be “RADAR” and
“RADAR1”.
1-12
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.6
Trackball, Cursor
The trackball functions to shift the cursor, for measurement of range and bearing
to a location (radar) and latitude and longitude position (plotter). Roll the
trackball to shift the cursor. The cursor moves in the direction of trackball
rotation.
Cursor
3nm
319. 9°M
12/LP
H-UP
SIGNAL
PROC.
RADAR
DISPLY
NAV
FUNC
TARGET
ZOOM &
D. BOX
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Cursor Data
Bearing from own ship to cursor
Range from own ship to cursor
Radar Display
Cursor data
L/L position,
Range and
bearing from
own ship to
cursor
34° 22. 3456'N
080° 22. 3456'E
272.4°M
15.9 nm
16.0nm
TRIP
NU
99.9 nm
MARK
ENTRY
MODE
NTH UP
CENTER
Cursor
WP-002
GO TO
CURSOR
FISH
BRIDGE
D. BOX
ON/OFF
Plotter Display
Cursor, cursor data
1-13
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.7
Entering the MOB Mark, Setting MOB as
Destination
The MOB (Man Overboard) mark functions to mark man overboard position. You
can inscribe this mark from any mode, except while playing back data or
conducting any test. Note that this function requires position data.
MOB
mark
(MOB)
Range, bearing
Man
overboad
Current
position
M 162.5°M
B 0.49 nm
MOB Data Box
Bearing and range
to MOB position
MOB concept
1. Press and hold down the [SAVE/MOB] key for about three seconds when
someone falls overboard. The display shows the waypoint number being
saved (youngest empty waypoint number, 001-999) followed by the MOB
confirmation window.
WAYPOINT SAVED!
XXX = Waypoint number
XXXWPT
CONTINUE PUSHING
FOR MOB!
After
several
seconds
MAN OVER BOARD!
GO TO MOB?
YES ... PUSH ENTER KNOB
NO ... PUSH CLEAR KEY
MOB mark messages
2. Push the [ENTER] knob to select the MOB position as the destination, or
press the [CLEAR] key to only mark current ship’s position as a waypoint. If
you select the MOB position as destination;
• A full-screen radar, plotter or overlay appears depending on the display in
use.
• The MOB mark “MOB” appears at the MOB position and a light-blue line
runs between it and current position. This line shows the shortest course to
the MOB position.
• Range and bearing to the MOB position are shown in the MOB data box.
To erase an MOB mark from the plotter display, you must first erase its
corresponding waypoint. Place the cursor on the MOB mark, then press the
[CLEAR] key followed by pushing the [ENTER] knob to erase the waypoint. Then,
repeat to erase the MOB mark.
1-14
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.8
Data Boxes
Data boxes, providing navigation data, may be shown on any full-screen display.
Up to six data boxes (two in case of large characters) may be shown, and the
default data boxes are position (in latitude and longitude), course over ground,
speed over ground and trip log. The user may choose which data to display,
where to locate it, and show or hide it as desired. In addition, data boxes may be
set independently for each display mode (plotter, radar, sounder). For how to
select data for the data boxes, see the paragraph “5.5 Data Boxes Setup.”
12/LP3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
SIGNAL
PROC.
RADAR
DISPLY
NAV
FUNC
TARGET
TRIP LOG
Data
boxes
177nm
POSITION
47°58.535'N
122°36.496'W
COG
SOG
323.6°M
ZOOM &
D. BOX
20.0 kt
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Radar Display
34° 22. 3456'N
080° 22. 3456'E
359.9°M
19.9 kt
TRIP
NU
99.9 nm
MARK
ENTRY
16.0nm
MODE
NTH UP
NAV
POS
WP-002
Data
boxes
FISH
D. BOX
ON/OFF
TRIP LOG
177nm
POSITION
47°58.535'N
122°36.496'W
COG
323.6°M
SOG
20.0 kt
Plotter Display
Data boxes
1.8.1
Showing, hiding data boxes with soft key
Plotter: D. BOX ON/OFF
Radar: ZOOM & D. BOX → D. BOX ON/OFF (EBL/VRM data box, cursor data
box also shown/hidden)
Sounder: AUTO/D. BOX→D. BOX ON/OFF
1-15
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.8.2
Rearranging data boxes
You may select the location for data boxes as follows:
1. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As
the cursor enters the box it changes to a hand. Push the [ENTER] knob, and
the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected.
2. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the
[ENTER] knob.
1.8.3
Temporarily erasing a data box
If a data box is obscuring a desired object you may temporarily erase the box.
Use the trackball to place the cursor inside the data box you wish to erase, then
press the [CLEAR] key. To redisplay the box, press the D. BOX soft key twice to
display it.
1-16
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.9
Function Keys
The function keys provide for one-touch execution of a desired function. The
default function key settings are as shown in the table below.
Function
Key
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
1.9.1
Default Setting, Key Label
Radar
Plotter
Sounder
Heading line on/off, HL Track on/off, TRK
TLL output, TLL
Rings on/off, RNG
Edit mark/line, EML
Clutter, CLT
Echo trail, TRL
Ruler, RUL
Signal level, SLV
Offcenter, SFT
Add new waypoint,
Noise limiter, NL
ADD
Radar source, RSR
Waypoint
Picture advance, PA
alphanumeric list, ALP
Executing a function
1. Press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to replace the preset soft key labels with the
function key labels.
12/LP3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
Function
keys
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Radar Display
34° 22. 3456'N
080° 22. 3456'E
359.9°M
19.9 kt
TRIP
16.0 nm
002WP
NU
99.9nm
FISH
BRIDGE
Function
keys
Plotter Display
Function keys
1-17
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
2. Press function key desired.
Note: Function keys can be individually programmed for the plotter, radar and
sounder displays. For further details see the following:
Radar: paragraph 5.2.3
Plotter: paragraph 5.3.2
Sounder: paragraph 5.9.4
1.10
Simulation Display
The simulation display, for use by service technicians for demonstration
purposes, provides simulated operation to help acquaint you with the many
features your unit has to offer. It allows you to view and control a simulated
plotter, radar and sounder picture, without position-fixing equipment, network
radar or a network sounder. Most controls are operative, thus you may practice
setting destination, enter waypoints, measure range and bearing to a target, etc.
The simulation icon ( I M ) appears when any simulation mode is active.
To start the simulation display;
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Press the SYSTEM CONFIGURATION, SYSTEM SETUP and SIMULATION
SETUP soft keys in that order.
RADAR
LIVE
PLOTTER
LIVE
SOUNDER
LIVE
SPEED
00.0kt
COURSE
000.0°
LATITUDE
45°35.000’N
LONGITUDE
125°00.000’W
START DATE & TIME
00:00 01.APR.00
SIM
SETUP
EDIT
RADAR SIMULATION DATA NO
RETURN
Simulation setup menu
3. Follow appropriate procedure on the next several pages.
1-18
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
Radar
NavNet display unit-generated echoes
1. Select RADAR, then press the EDIT soft key.
RADAR
▲
¡ SIMULATION 1
¡ SIMULATION 2
¤ LIVE
▼
2. Select SIMULATION 1, then push the [ENTER] knob.
3. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
NavNet radar antenna-generated echoes (not available with the GD-1900C)
1. Select RADAR SIMULATION DATA, then press the EDIT soft key.
2. Select YES, then push the [ENTER] knob to erase simulation data and get
new data. The message “Now getting demo data. Do not turn off display
unit.” appears while the unit is receiving radar data.
Note: If the network radar could not be found “Radar source is not found.
Cannot get demo data.” appears. And if the radar is not active, the
message “Radar is not active. Cannot get demo data.” is displayed.
Check that the radar is plugged in and its signal cable is firmly
fastened.
3. Select RADAR, then press the EDIT soft key.
4. Select SIMULATION 2, then push the [ENTER] knob.
5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
Plotter
1. Select PLOTTER, then press the EDIT soft key.
PLOTTER
▲
¡ SIMULATION
¤ LIVE
▼
2. Select SIMULATION, then push the [ENTER] knob.
3. Select SPEED, then press the EDIT soft key.
4. Enter speed (setting range, 0-99 kt, default speed, 0 kt) with the
alphanumeric keys, then push the [ENTER] knob.
5. Select COURSE, then press the EDIT key.
6. Select “8 FIGURE” to trace the simulated ship’s track in a figure-eight course,
or enter your own course at DIRECTION. To enter course, use the trackball
to select digit, and enter value with the alphanumeric keys.
7. Press the ENTER soft key.
8. Select LATITUDE, then press the EDIT soft key.
9. Enter latitude (setting range, 85°N-85°S, default setting, 45°35.000’N), then
push the [ENTER] knob.
10. Select LONGITUDE, then press the EDIT soft key.
1-19
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
11. Enter longitude (setting range, 180°E-180°W, default setting, 125°00.000’W),
then push the [ENTER] knob.
12. Select START DATE & TIME, then press the EDIT soft key.
13. Enter start date and time, then push the [ENTER] knob.
14. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
Sounder
1. Select SOUNDER, then press the EDIT soft key.
SOUNDER
▲
¡ SIMULATION 1
¡ SIMULATION 2
¤ LIVE
▼
2. Select SIMULATION 1 (internally generated echoes) or SIMULATION 2
(network sounder-generated echoes), then push the [ENTER] knob.
Note 1: If the network sounder could not be found “Sounder source is not
found. Cannot get simulation data.” appears. And if the sounder is
not active, the message “Sounder is not active. Cannot get
simulation data.” is displayed. Check that the sounder is plugged in
and its signal cable is firmly fastened.
Note 2: The gain, shift, range and mode of the SIMULATION 1 mode picture
cannot be adjusted.
3. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
1-20
2.
RADAR OPERATION
This chapter covers radar operation, including the ARP (Auto Plotter) function.
ARP requires a Model 1800/1900 series network radar equipped with the ARP
circuit board.
2.1
Radar Display
Guard zone 2
North marker
(Head-up, Course-up mode)
Cursor
Range/
range ring
interval
Pulselength
Presentation
mode
Alarm icon
EBL1
Battery icon
Simulation
mode
Guard zone 1
Range ring
Heading line
12/ LP3nm
H-UP
SI
Heading
M: Magnetic
T: True
319. 9°M
TRAIL 30m
02m30s
G1 IN
G2 OUT
ES 2
EAV L
IR L
VRM2
EBL2
Own ship vector
(ARP-equipped model,
true vector mode)
VRM1
Zoom area
EBL1 bearing
VRM1 range
Trail time
Trail elapsed time
Guard zone 1
Guard zone 2
Echo stretch
Echo averaging
Interference rejector
Zoom
window
EBL1
VRM1
27.0°R
5.666nm
EBL2
VRM2
+ 359.9 ˚R
327.1°R
11.70nm
8.212nm
EBL2 bearing, VRM2 range
Cursor range
and bearing
(Cursor position may
also be shown, in
L/L or Loran C TD.)
Radar display
2-1
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.2
Transmitting, Stand-by
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Confirm that the network radar is plugged in.
Press the [DISP] key to select a radar display.
Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily.
Press the RADAR STBY soft key to highlight TX on its label.
Press the RETURN soft key.
When the radar picture is not required, but you want keep it in a state of
readiness, press the RADAR TX soft key to highlight STBY on its label.
2.3
Tuning
The radar receiver can be tuned automatically or manually, and the default
tuning method is automatic. If you require manual tuning, do the following:
1. Press the [MENU] key to display the main menu.
2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.
3. Select TUNING, then press the EDIT soft key.
TUNING
¤ AUTO
¡ MAN
Tuning bar
Tuning window
4. Choose MAN.
5. Adjust the [ENTER] knob until the tuning bar is at its longest position.
6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
Note: If the auto setting does not provide satisfactory tuning, ask your dealer
how to re-adjust tuning.
2.4
Adjusting the Gain
The [GAIN] key adjusts the gain sensitivity of the radar receiver. It works in a
manner similar to that of volume control of a broadcast receiver, which amplifies
received signals.
The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen.
If your gain setting is too low, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand,
excessive gain yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed
because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise
on the display.
To adjust the receiver sensitivity, transmit on long range, and then do the
following:
2-2
2. RADAR OPERATION
1. Press the [GAIN] key to show the “gain adjustment” soft keys, and the
last-used adjustment window appears. The example below shows the gain
sensitivity adjustment window. The gain soft keys shown depend on radar
source as shown below.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
GAIN
ADJUST
319. 9°M
GAIN
ADJUST
GAIN
GAIN
A/C
A/C
SEA
SEA
A/C
RAIN
A/C
RAIN
GAIN SENSITIVITY
GAIN SENSITIVITY
FTC
¤ AUTO
¡ AUTO
¡ AUTO
¡ MAN
ROUGH
MODERATE
CALM
¤ AUTO
¡ AUTO
¡ AUTO
¡ MAN
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
ROUGH
MODERATE
CALM
11.70nm
A/C AT
ON /OFF
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Model 1700 series
Model 1800/1900 series
Gain adjustment soft keys
2. Press the GAIN soft key to show the gain sensitivity setting window.
GAIN SENSITIVITY
¤ AUTO
¡ AUTO
¡ AUTO
¡ MAN
ROUGH
MODERATE
CALM
Gain sensitivity window
3. Use the trackball to select AUTO ROUGH, AUTO MODERATE, AUTO CALM,
or MAN (manual) as appropriate. Select an AUTO option according to the
sea state.
4. For manual adjustment, rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust, while observing
the radar echo. The range of adjustment is 0-100.
5. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or the RETURN soft key to finish.
Adjusting the FTC (When the radar source is the 1700 series radar)
To suppress rain clutter from heavy storms or scattered rain clutter, adjust the
FTC.
In addition to reducing clutter, the FTC can be used in fine weather to clarify the
picture when navigating in confined waters. However, with the circuit active the
receiver is less sensitive. Therefore, turn off the FTC, by setting it for “0”, when
its function is not required.
1. Press the [GAIN] key.
2. Press the FTC soft key to show the FTC window.
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust. The range of adjustment is 0-100(%). Do
not overadjust the FTC – weak target echoes may be missed.
4.
Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.
2-3
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.5
Reducing Sea Clutter
2.5.1
How the A/C SEA works
Echoes from waves can be troublesome, covering the central part of the display
with random signals known as “sea clutter”. The higher the waves and the higher
the antenna above the water, the further the clutter will extend. Sea clutter may
affect radar performance because real targets are sometimes hidden by the
echoes of small waves. (See the left-hand figure in the figure below.) When sea
clutter masks the picture, adjust the A/C SEA to reduce the clutter.
The A/C SEA reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges (where clutter
is the greatest) and progressively increases amplification as the range increases,
so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter.
Sea clutter at
screen center
A/C SEA adjusted;
sea clutter suppressed
Effect of A/C SEA
2.5.2
Adjusting the A/C SEA
A/C SEA should be adjusted so that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and
small targets become distinguishable.
1. Press the [GAIN] key.
2. Press the A/C SEA soft key to show the A/C SEA setting window.
A/C SEA
¡ AUTO
¡ AUTO
¡ AUTO
¤ MAN
ROUGH
MODERATE
CALM
A/C SEA
Model 1700 series radar
Model 1800/1900 series radar
A/C SEA setting window
3. When the radar source is the Model 1700 series, use the trackball to
select AUTO ROUGH, AUTO MODERATE, AUTO CALM, or MAN (manual)
as appropriate. Select an AUTO option according to the sea state.
4. For manual adjustment, rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust. The range of
adjustment is 0-100. Do not overadjust – weak echoes may be missed.
2-4
2. RADAR OPERATION
5. When the radar source is the Model 1800/1900 series, A/C SEA and A/C
RAIN can be automatically adjusted. Press the A/C AT ON/OFF soft key to
select ON or OFF as appropriate. When turned on, it overrides A/C SEA and
A/C RAIN settings.
6. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.
2.6
Reducing Precipitation Clutter
The vertical beamwidth of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even
when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect
precipitation clutter (rain, snow, hail, etc.) in the same manner as normal targets.
Precipitation clutter shows as random dots on the screen.
2.6.1
Adjusting the A/C RAIN
When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the A/C RAIN to split
up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid
targets easier.
1. Press the [GAIN] key.
2. Press the A/C RAIN soft key to show the A/C RAIN window.
A/C RAIN
A/C RAIN setting window
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust the A/C RAIN. The current level is shown
on the A/C RAIN level bar in the A/C RAIN window, and the range of
adjustment is 0 to 100(%). Do not overadjust – weak echoes may be missed.
4. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.
2-5
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.7
Range Scale
The range setting determines the size of the area (in nautical miles) that will
appear on your display. In addition, the range setting will also automatically
adjust the range ring interval so that accurate range measurements may be
made while operating on any range setting.
The range, range ring interval and pulselength appear at the top left-hand corner
of the display.
Press the [RANGE (+ or -)] key to change the range scale.
Range scales (nm, sm)
Range
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.5
12 16
24
36
48
64
72
Ring
Interval
0.0625
0.125
0.125
0.25
0.25
0.5
0.5
12
12
16
18
No. of
Rings
Range scales (km)
Range
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.5
4 6 8
12
16 24 36 48
64
72
Ring
Interval
0.125
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.5
0.5
1 2 2
12 12
16
18
No. of
Rings
4 3 4
Note 1: Maximum range depends on the network radar as shown below.
Model 1722/1722C: 24 nm
Model 1732/1732C/1742/1742C/1833/1833C: 36 nm
Model 1762/1762C/1933/1933C: 48 nm
Model 1943/1943C: 64 nm
Model 1953C: 72 nm
Note 2: You may choose which ranges to use from the RADAR RANGE SETUP
menu. For details see paragraph 5.2.2. This function is not available
with the GD-1900C.
2-6
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.8
Pulselength
The pulselength in use is displayed at the upper left corner of the display.
Appropriate pulselengths are preset to individual range scales. Therefore, you
are not usually required to select them. If you are not satisfied with the current
pulselength setting, however, it is possible to change it for the ranges shown
below. Generally, select a longer pulse for longer detection range and shorter
pulse for better range discrimination.
1.5 nm, 1.5 sm, 3 km: Short pulse, medium pulse
3 nm, 3 sm, 6 km: Medium pulse, long pulse
1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
SIGNAL
PROCESS
I. REJ
OFF
E. AVG
OFF
PULSE
E. STR
OFF
Shown when radar
source is the Model
1800/1900 series
radar. Not shown
otherwise.
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Signal process soft keys
3. Choose the 1.5 nm or 3 nm with the RANGE key.
4. Press the PULSE soft key to select the pulselength setting. SHORT or
MEDIUM for 1.5 nm, 1.5 sm, 3 km and MEDIUM or LONG for 3 nm, 3 sm,
6 km.
5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2-7
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.9
Presentation Mode
This unit provides four radar presentation modes: head-up, course-up, north-up
and true motion.
Heading data is required for modes other than head-up.
2.9.1
Selecting a presentation mode
1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key to show the RADAR DISPLAY soft keys.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
RADAR
DISPLAY
MODE
HD UP
SHIFT
RINGS
HIGH
HL
OFF
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Radar display soft keys
3. Press the MODE soft key. Each pressing of the key changes the presentation
mode and the presentation mode indication in the sequence of North-up,
True Motion, Head-up, and Course-up.
Function
Indicator on display
Soft key label
North-up
N-UP
NTH UP
True Motion
TR-M
TRUE M
Head-up
H-UP
HD UP
Course-up
C-UP
CSE UP
4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
Note: When heading data is lost, the presentation mode automatically goes to
head-up, the heading indication at the screen top shows “- - -.-°” and the
audio alarm sounds. Press the [ALARM] key to acknowledge the alarm.
The message “HEADING DATA MISSING” appears. Restore compass
signal to show heading indication. Use the MODE soft key to select
presentation mode if necessary. The audio alarm may be silenced with the
[CLEAR] key.
2-8
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.9.2
Description of presentation modes
Head-up
A display without azimuth stabilization in which the line connecting the center
with the top of the display indicates own ship’s heading. Targets are painted at
their measured distances and in their directions relative to own ship’s heading.
The short line on the bearing scale is the north marker.
North Marker
Heading Line
Head-up presentation mode
Course-up
The radar picture is stabilized and displayed with the currently selected course at
the top of the screen. As you change heading, the ship’s heading line moves. If
you select a new course, the picture resets to display the new course at the top
of the display.
Targets are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to
the intended course which is maintained at the 0-degree position. The heading
line moves in accordance with ship’s yawing and course changes.
North Marker
Heading Line
Course-up presentation mode
2-9
2. RADAR OPERATION
North-up
In the north-up mode, targets are painted at their measured distances and in
their true (compass) directions from own ship. North is maintained at the top of
the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to ship’s heading.
North
Heading Line
North-up presentation mode
True motion
Fixed radar targets maintain a constant position on the screen, while your own
ship moves across the radar image at the correct speed and heading. A map-like
image is displayed, with all moving vessels traveling in true perspective to each
other and to fixed landmasses. As your ship’s position approaches the edge of
the screen, the radar display is automatically reset to reveal the area ahead of
your ship. You can manually reset your ship’s position at any time by pressing
the RADAR DISPLY soft key followed by the SHIFT soft key.
North
Heading Line
True motion presentation mode
2-10
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.10
Measuring the Range
You can measure the range to a radar target three ways: by the range rings, by
the cursor, and by the VRM (Variable Range Marker).
2.10.1
Measuring range by range rings
Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target.
Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner
edge of the nearest ring.
To turn the range rings on, do the following:
1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
RADAR
DISPLAY
MODE
HD UP
SHIFT
RINGS
HIGH
HL
OFF
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Radar display soft keys
3. Press the RINGS soft key to turn the rings on and select desired brilliance.
4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2-11
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.10.2
Measuring range by cursor
Operate the trackball to place the cursor intersection on the inside edge of the
radar target. The range to the target, as well as the bearing, appears to the right
of “+” at the bottom of the display.
Cursor
Target
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
SIGNAL
PROC.
RADAR
DISPLY
NAV
FUNC
TARGET
ZOOM &
D. BOX
11.2 ˚R
11.70nm
Range and bearing from
own ship to cursor
How to measure range to a target with the cursor
2-12
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.10.3
Measuring range by VRM
1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to display the EBL/VRM soft keys.
319. 9°M
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
EBL
VRM
EBL1
ON
VRM1
ON
OFFSET
EBL2
ON
VRM2
ON
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
EBL/VRM soft keys
2. Press the VRM1 ON (dotted ring VRM) or VRM2 ON (dashed ring VRM) soft
key to select the desired VRM. The selected VRM’s indication, at the bottom
of the screen, is highlighted.
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob the place the VRM on the inside edge of a radar
target. Read the VRM indication to find range to the target.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
EBL
VRM
EBL1
ON
VRM2
(Dashed line)
VRM1
ON
OFFSET
VRM1
(Dotted line)
EBL2
ON
VRM2
ON
EBL1
VRM1 range
VRM1
---.-°R
3.123nm
EBL2
VRM2
---.-°R
9.343nm
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Active VRM is highlighted.
VRM2 range
4. You may hide the EBL/VRM soft keys by pressing the [EBL/VRM] key.
How to measure range with the VRM
2-13
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.10.4
Erasing a VRM, VRM indication
Press appropriate VRM soft key, then press the [CLEAR] key. The VRM is
erased and its indication becomes blank.
2.10.5
Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes
Press the EBL or VRM soft key associated with the EBL/VRM data box you wish
to erase. Press the [CLEAR] key once or twice to erase the data box.
2.10.6
Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes
Press the ZOOM & D. BOX and D. BOX ON/OFF soft keys to show or hide the
EBL/VRM data boxes.
2.10.7
Moving EBL/VRM data boxes
When an EBL/VRM data box is obscuring a target you want to see, you can
move it to another location as shown below. This cannot be done when the
EBL/VRM soft keys are shown.
1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to turn off the EBL/VRM soft keys.
2. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move.
As the cursor enters the box it changes to a “hand.” Push the [ENTER] knob,
and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected.
3. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the
[ENTER] knob.
2.11
Measuring the Bearing
There are two ways to measure the bearing to a target: by the cursor, and by the
EBL (Electronic bearing Line).
2.11.1
Measuring bearing by cursor
Use the trackball to place the cursor at the center of the target. The bearing to
the target appears in the range and bearing box at the bottom right-hand corner
on the screen.
2.11.2
Measuring bearing by EBL
1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key.
2. Press the EBL1 ON (dotted line EBL) or EBL2 ON (dashed line EBL) soft key
to select the desired EBL. The selected EBL’s indication, at the bottom of the
screen, is highlighted.
3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to bisect the radar target with the EBL. Read the
EBL indication to find the bearing to the target.
2-14
2. RADAR OPERATION
12/ LP3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
EBL1
(Dotted line)
EBL
VRM
EBL1
ON
VRM1
ON
OFFSET
EBL2
(Dashed line)
EBL2
ON
VRM2
ON
EBL2 bearing
EBL1 bearing
EBL1
VRM1
330.1°R
-.---nm
EBL2
VRM2
234.1˚R
-.---nm
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Active marker is highlighted.
How to measure bearing with the EBL
4. You may hide the EBL/VRM soft keys by pressing the [EBL/VRM] key.
Note: The bearing to a target may be shown relative to own ship’s heading
(Relative) or True bearing (requires heading data). This may be done with
“EBL REFERENCE,” which is in the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu.
2.11.3
Erasing an EBL, EBL indication
Press appropriate EBL soft key, then press the [CLEAR] key. The EBL is erased
and its indication becomes blank.
2.11.4
Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes
Press the EBL or VRM soft key associated with the EBL/VRM data box you wish
to erase. Press the [CLEAR] key once or twice to erase the data box.
2.11.5
Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes
Press the ZOOM & D. BOX and D. BOX ON/OFF soft keys to show or hide the
EBL/VRM data boxes.
2.11.6
Moving EBL/VRM data boxes
When an EBL/VRM data box is obscuring a target you want to see, you can
move it to another location as shown below. This cannot be done when the
EBL/VRM soft keys are shown.
1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to turn off the EBL/VRM soft keys.
2. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As
the cursor enters the box it changes to a “hand.” Push the [ENTER] knob,
and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected.
3. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the
[ENTER] knob.
2-15
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.12
Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker
The heading line indicates the ship's heading in all presentation modes. It is a
line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and
appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode; it changes its
orientation in the north-up, course-up and true motion modes with ship’s
movement.
The north marker appears as a short dashed line. In the head-up and course-up
modes the north marker moves around the bearing scale as the ship’s heading
moves.
To temporarily erase the heading line and north marker, press the RADAR
DISPLY soft key followed by the HL OFF soft key. Release the key to redisplay
the markers. (If the radar soft keys are not shown, hit the [HIDE/SHOW] key to
display them.)
2.13
Reducing Noise Interference
Noise, appearing on the displays as random “speckles,” can be reduced as
follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2-16
Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.
Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.
Select NOISE REJECTION, then press the EDIT soft key.
Select OFF, LOW or HIGH as appropriate.
Press the ENTER soft key.
Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.14
Rejecting Radar Interference
Radar interference may occur when near another shipborne radar that is
operating in the same frequency band as your radar. Its on-screen appearance
looks like many bright dots either scattered at random or in the form of dotted
lines extending from the center to the edge of the display. Interference effects
are distinguishable from normal echoes because they do not appear in the same
place on successive rotations of the scanner.
Be sure to turn off the interference rejector when no interference exists – weak
targets may be missed.
Radar interference
1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
SIGNAL
PROCESS
I. REJ
OFF
E. AVG
OFF
PULSE
E. STR
OFF
Shown when radar
source is the Model
1800/1900 series
radar. Not shown
otherwise.
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
SIGNAL PROCESS soft keys
3. Press the I. REJ soft key successively to choose the interference rejection
level desired; LOW, MED, HIGH or OFF.
4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
The display shows IR L (Low), IR M (Medium) or IR H (High) when the
interference rejector is on.
2-17
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.15
Zoom
The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area selected with the
“zoom circle.” It is available on any range but is inoperative in true motion and
when the display is shifted.
2.15.1
Zooming in on radar targets
1.
2.
3.
4.
If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
Use the trackball to set the cursor where you want to zoom.
Press the ZOOM & D. BOX soft key to show ZOOM & D. BOX soft keys.
Press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select ON. A solid circle, called the
“zoom circle,” appears on the display.
5. To release the cursor, press the CURSOR FLOAT soft key. (The solid circle
changes to a dashed one.) To relocate the zoom circle, select location with
the trackball, then press the CURSOR LOCK key.
6. To quit the zoom function, press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select OFF.
12/LP3nm
HU
319. 9°M
ZOOM &
D. BOX
ZOOM
ON /OFF
Zoom circle
CURSOR
FLOAT
ARP
TGT ZM
D. BOX
ON/ OFF
RETURN
Requires optional
ARP Board in
Model 1800/1900 series
network radar.
Not shown otherwise.
+ 359.9 ˚R
5.727nm
Zoom window
Zoom
2.15.2
Zooming in on ARP, TTM targets
You may zoom in on TTM (Tracked Target Message) and ARP targets. TTM
targets can come from a NavNet connected radar, or from other ARP radar that
is outputting the TTM message. (TTM is a NMEA 0183 data sentence that is an
available output from some ARP capable radar.) Target numbers must be turned
on to use this function. This can be done by enabling the target ID number
option in the ARP SETUP menu.
1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
2. Press the ZOOM/D. BOX soft key to show ZOOM & D. BOX soft keys.
3. Press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select ZOOM ON.
2-18
2. RADAR OPERATION
4. Press the ARP TGT ZM soft key.
SELECT TARGET NO.
▲
▼
Target no. selection window
5. Use the [ENTER] knob to select number (1-10), then push the [ENTER] knob.
If the target number does not exist several beeps sound and the zoom
function is cancelled.
To cancel, press the CURSOR LOCK soft key.
Note: The zoom window blends in with the background when the background
color for the radar picture is white. If the window is difficult to see, change
the background color.
2.16
Shifting the Picture
Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced manually or automatically
to expand the view field without switching to a larger scale.
2.16.1
Manual shift
The sweep origin can be shifted in any presentation mode to a point specified by
the cursor by up to 50% of the range in use in any direction.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Locate the cursor anywhere within the effective radius of the display.
If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.
Press the SHIFT soft key.
Press the MANUAL soft key to shift. The heading line shifts to the cursor
location. SHIFT appears at right-hand corner of the display.
6. To cancel shift, press the RADAR DISPLY, SHIFT and OFF soft keys.
SHIFT
Cursor
Place cursor
where desired.
Press the MANUAL soft key.
Shifting the picture manually
2-19
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.16.2
Automatic shift
The amount of automatic shift is calculated according to ship’s speed, and the
amount of shift is limited to 50% of the range in use. For example, if you set the
shift speed setting for 15 knots and the ship is running at 10 knots the amount of
shift will be about 34%. The formula for determining shift amount is as shown
below.
Ship's speed
X 0.5 = Amount of shift(%)
Shift speed setting
Automatic shift mode is only available in the head-up mode.
Setting automatic shift maximum speed
1.
2.
3.
4.
If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.
Press the SHIFT soft key to show the shift soft keys.
Press the AUTO S.SPD soft key to display the auto ship speed setting
window.
AUTO SHIP SPEED
15
Auto ship speed setting window
5. Adjust the trackball or [ENTER] knob to set the maximum speed of your
vessel, and then push the [ENTER] knob or the ENTER soft key to set. The
setting range is 1-999 kt and the default setting is 15 kt.
Automatic shift
Press the AUTO key to automatically shift the sweep origin. To cancel shift,
press the RADAR DISPLY, SHIFT and OFF soft keys.
2-20
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.17
Using the Offset EBL
The offset EBL can be used to predict a potential collision course. It can also be
used to measure the range and bearing between two targets.
2.17.1
Predicting collision course
The procedure below may be used to check if a radar target is on a potential
collision course with your vessel.
1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to show the EBL/VRM soft keys.
2. Press the EBL1 ON soft key to turn on the EBL1.
3. Press the OFFSET soft key. The origin of EBL1 moves to the cursor position,
which is marked with an “X.”
4. Use the trackball to place the cursor on the radar target which looks like it
might be on a collision course with own ship.
5. Push the [ENTER] knob to fix the origin position.
6. After waiting for a few minutes (at least three minutes), rotate the [ENTER]
knob so the EBL bisects the target at the new position. If the target tracks
along the EBL towards the center of the display (your ship’s position), the
target may be on a collision course with your vessel.
7. To cancel the offset EBL, press the OFFSET soft key.
12/ LP3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
EBL
VRM
EBL1
ON
VRM1
ON
Target tracked
here
OFFSET
Initial target
position
EBL2
ON
VRM2
ON
EBL1
VRM1
45.0˚R
-.---nm
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Predicting collision course with the offset EBL
2-21
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.17.2
Measuring range & bearing between two targets
The procedure which follows shows how to measure the range and bearing
between two targets, using the targets “A” and “B” in the figure below as an
example.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the target “A.”
Press the [EBL/VRM] key to show the EBL/VRM soft keys.
Press the EBL1 ON soft key to turn on the EBL1.
Press the OFFSET soft key. The origin of EBL1 moves to the cursor position,
which is marked with an “X.”
Rotate the [ENTER] knob so the EBL bisects the target “B.”
Push the [ENTER] knob, then press the VRM1 ON soft key.
Rotate the [ENTER] knob to place the VRM1 on the inner edge of the target
“B.”
Look at the indications for VRM1 and EBL1 to find the range and bearing
between the two targets.
To cancel the offset EBL, press the OFFSET key.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
EBL
VRM
EBL1
ON
Target B
VRM1
ON
OFFSET
Target A
EBL2
ON
VRM2
ON
EBL1
Bearing and range
between target A
and target B
VRM1
45.0°R
7.121nm
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Measuring range and bearing between two targets
2-22
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.18
Echo Trails
Echo trails are simulated afterglow of target echoes that represent their
movements relative or true to own ship. This function is useful for alerting you
past possible collision situations.
Echo trail
Sample echo trails
2.18.1
Trail time
1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
2. Press the TARGET soft key.
3. Press the TRAIL soft key.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
TRAIL
TRAIL
ON /OFF
TRAIL
TIME
GRAD
SINGLE
TRAIL
COLOR
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Trail soft keys
4. Press the TRAIL TIME soft key to show the trail time window.
TRAIL TIME
▲
¤ 15 seconds
¡ 30 seconds
¡ 1 minute
¡ 3 minutes
¡ 6 minutes
¡ 15 minutes
¡ 30 minutes
¡ CONTINUOUS
▼
Trail time window
5. Use the trackball to select time desired.
6. Press the ENTER soft key.
7. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.
2-23
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.18.2
Starting echo trails
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
Press the TARGET soft key.
Press the TRAIL soft key.
Press the TRAIL ON/OFF soft key to select ON.
Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.
“TRAIL,” the echo trail time selected and elapsed time appear at the top
right-hand corner of the display. Then, afterglow starts extending from all targets.
Trails are restarted when the range or mode is changed and zoom or shift is
turned on.
For continuous trails, the maximum continuous trail time is 99 minutes and 59
seconds. When the elapsed time clock counts up to that time, the elapsed time
display resets to zero and trails begin again.
To turn off echo trail, press the TRAIL ON/OFF soft key to select OFF at step 4 in
the above procedure.
2.18.3
Trail gradation
The echo trails can be shown in single or multiple gradations. Multiple gradation
paints the trails thinner with time, like the afterglow on an analog PPI radar.
1.
2.
3.
4.
If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] soft key to show the radar soft keys.
Press the TARGET and TRAIL soft keys.
Press the GRAD soft key to select SINGLE or MULTI as appropriate.
Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.
Multitone
Monotone
Multitone and monotone trails
2-24
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.18.4
Trail color
Trails may be shown target trails in blue, yellow, green or white.
1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
2. Press the TARGET, TRAIL and TRAIL COLOR soft keys in that order.
TRAIL COLOR
▲
¤ BLUE
¡ YELLOW
¡ GREEN
¡ WHITE
▼
Trail color window
3. Use the trackball to select the color desired, then press the ENTER soft key.
4. Press the RETURN soft key twice.
2.18.5
Echo trail mode
Echo trails can be shown in Relative or True motion. (True trails require heading
and speed inputs.)
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP key.
3. Choose TRAIL MODE, then press the EDIT soft key.
TRAIL MODE
▲
¡ TRUE
¤ RELATIVE
▼
Trail mode window
4. Select TRUE or RELATIVE as appropriate, then press the ENTER soft key.
5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-25
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.19
Echo Stretch
Normally, the reflected echoes from long range targets appear on the display as
weaker and smaller blips even though they are compensated by the radar’s
internal circuitry. The echo stretch function magnifies these small blips in all
ranges. Two types of echo stretch are available: ES LOW which stretches
echoes in bearing direction and ES HIGH which stretches them in both range
and bearing directions.
Target
Bearing
direction
Echo Stretch OFF
"LOW" Echo stretch
Range
direction
Bearing
direction
"HIGH" Echo stretch
Types of echo stretch
This function magnifies not only targets but also sea clutter and radar
interference. For this reason, be sure sea clutter and radar interference are
properly suppressed before activating the echo stretch.
1.
2.
3.
4.
If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.
Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.
Press the E. STR soft key to select HIGH, LOW or OFF as appropriate.
Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
The display shows ES H (High) or ES L (Low) when the echo stretch is on.
2-26
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.20
Echo Averaging
The echo average feature, which requires a Model 1800/1900 series network
radar, effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets
such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position during every
rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter
appear at random positions.
To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echo average performs
scan-to-scan correlation. Correlation is made by storing and averaging echo
signals over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is
presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans
resulting in the reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets
from sea clutter.
To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress
sea clutter with the A/C SEA control and then do the following:
1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.
2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.
3. Press the E. AVG soft key to select desired echo averaging.
OFF:
LOW:
No averaging
Helps distinguish targets from sea clutter and suppresses brilliance
of unstable echoes.
MED: Distinguishes small stationary targets such as navigation buoys.
HIGH: Stably displays distant targets.
4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
The display shows EAV L, EAV M or EAV H when echo averaging is on.
(a) Echo average OFF
(b) Echo average ON
Effect of echo averaging
2-27
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.21
Outputting TLL Data
Target position data can be output to units of the network and shown on their
plotter screen with the TTL mark ( X ). This function requires position and
heading data.
1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the target whose position you
wish to output.
2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.
3. Press the TARGET soft key.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
TARGET
TRAIL
TLL
OUTPUT
ACQ
TARGET
INFO
Requires ARP circuit board
in Model 1800/1900 series
NavNet radar. Not shown
otherwise.
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
TARGET soft keys
4. Press the TLL OUTPUT soft key to output target position data. The TTL mark
appears on the plotter screen at the target’s position the moment the TLL
OUTPUT soft key was pressed. Further, that position is recorded as a
waypoint on all NavNet units, under the youngest empty waypoint number on
each NavNet unit.
5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
Note: The screen of the TLL recipient may be temporarily interrupted when
receiving TLL from another NavNet display unit. Press any key to restore
normal operation.
2-28
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.22
Guard Alarm
The guard alarm allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing for a
guard zone. When ships, islands, landmasses, etc. violate the guard zone, an
audio alarm sounds and the offending target blinks to call the operator’s
attention.
CAUTION
• The alarm should not be relied upon as
the sole means for detecting possible
collision situations.
• A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls
should be properly adjusted to be sure
the alarm system does not overlook
target echoes.
2.22.1
Setting a guard alarm zone
To set a guard alarm zone, set the radar to transmit and do the following:
1. Press the [ALARM] key.
2. Use the trackball to set the cursor on the top left corner (or top right corner)
of the guard zone you want to set, then press the SET GUARD1 or SET
GUARD2 soft key, depending on which guard zone you want to set.
3. Use the trackball to set the cursor on the bottom right corner (or top left
corner) of the guard zone area, then push the [ENTER] knob.
4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
12/ LP3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
ALARM
12/ LP3nm
H-UP
319. 9°M
SET
GUARD1
ALARM
GUARD 1
SET
GUARD1
ERASE
GUARD1
MOVE +CURSOR TO
ANOTHER CORNER OF
GUARD1 AND PUSH
KNOB TO SET.
SET
GUARD2
SET
GUARD2
RETURN
RETURN
+ 317.2 ˚R
NO ALARM
11.60nm
(1) Drag cursor to top (or bottom) corner
for guard zone and press the SET
GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key.
39.9 ˚R
8.800nm
(2) Drag cursor diagonally to bottom (or top)
corner for guard zone and press the [ENTER]
knob.
How to set a guard alarm zone
2-29
2. RADAR OPERATION
The equipment then searches for targets inside the guard zone to determine
guard alarm type. If a target is found inside the guard zone, the guard zone type
becomes an “Outward guard alarm,” and any target exiting the guard zone will
trigger the audio alarm. If no target is found, the guard zone type becomes an
“Inward guard alarm,” and any targets entering the guard zone will trigger the
audio alarm. The guard alarm type is shown as G1(G2) IN or G1(G2) OUT.
Note 1: When the radar range is less than the guard zone range, the audio
alarm sounds and the alarm icon appears (in red). Press the [CLEAR]
key to silence the alarm. Press the [ALARM] key and the message
“GUARD1(2) IS OUTSIDE RADAR RANGE” appears. Reselect
appropriate range.
Note 2: If the network radar is set to standby while the guard alarm is active, the
guard alarm is cancelled. The guard alarm is redisplayed when the
radar is set to transmit again.
Note 3: If the network radar is set to standby while the radar picture is not
displayed, the alarm icon appears in red and the alarm sounds. Press
the [ALARM] key and the message “STBY MODE HAS BEEN
SELECTED. GUARD/WTCHMN CANCELED.” or
“GUARD/WATCHMAN CANCELED. STBY/TX SELECTED.” appears.
2.22.2
When the alarm is violated…
Any radar target violating the guard zone will flash, the audio alarm sounds, and
the alarm icon appears in red. Additionally the message “TARGET ENTERED
INTO GUARD1(GUARD2)” or “TARGET LEFT FROM GUARD1(GUARD2)” is
displayed at the bottom of the screen. Press the [CLEAR] key to silence the
alarm. When this is done, the color of the speaker icon changes to background
color and “G1(G2) ACK” replaces G1(G2) IN(OUT) at the top right corner of the
display. This means the alarm is temporarily deactivated. To reactivate the alarm,
press the SET GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key as appropriate.
2.22.3
Cancelling the guard alarm
1. Press the [ALARM] key to show the ALARM menu.
2. Press the ERASE GUARD1 or ERASE GUARD2 soft key as appropriate.
3. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2-30
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.23
Watchman
2.23.1
How watchman works
The watchman function periodically transmits radar pulses for one minute to
check for targets in a guard zone. If a target is found in the zone, watchman is
cancelled, the audio alarm sounds and the radar continues transmitting. If no
target is found the radar goes into standby for the number of minutes specified
on the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu. This feature is useful when you do not
need the radar’s function continuously but want to be alerted to radar targets in a
specific area. “WTCH” appears at the top left corner when Watchman is active.
Tx
1 min
Watchman
starts
ST-BY
Tx
1 min
5,10
or
20 min
ST-BY
5,10
or
20 min
* Beeps emitted just before radar transmits.
How watchman works
2.23.2
Turning on/off watchman
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Set a guard zone. (See the paragraph 2.22.)
If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.
Press the NAV FUNC soft key.
Press the W. MAN ON/OFF soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate.
Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
Note: When the watchman is activated and no guard zone is active, the
message “PLEASE SET GUARD ZONE. PUSH ANY KEY TO
CONTINUE.” appears. Press any key and then set a guard zone.
2.23.3
Setting watchman stand-by interval
The watchman standby interval, that is, the number of minutes the radar is in
standby, can be set to 5, 10 or 20 minutes as follows:
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.
3. Select WATCHMAN TIME, then press the EDIT soft key.
WATCHMAN TIME
¤
¡
¡
5 minutes
10 minutes
20 minutes
Watchman window
4. Select time desired, then press the ENTER soft key.
5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-31
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.24
Suppressing Second-trace Echoes
In certain situations, echoes from very distance targets may appear as false
echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo
is received one transmission cycle later, or after a next radar pulse has been
transmitted.
Tx repetition
Second-trace
echo
False echo
range
Actual range
Second-trace echoes
To activate or deactivate the second-trace echo rejector do the following:
1. Press the [MENU] key.
2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.
3. Use the trackball to select 2ND ECHO REJECTION, then press the EDIT soft
key.
4. Choose ON or OFF as appropriate, then press the ENTER soft key.
5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-32
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.25
Waypoint Marker
A waypoint marker, showing the location of the destination waypoint set on the
plotter, may be inscribed on the radar display.
L 3nm
12/ SP
HU
Waypoint
319. 9°M
marker
NAV
FUNC
W. MAN
ON/ OFF
WPT MK
ON /OFF
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
Waypoint marker
1. If not already shown, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft
keys.
2. Press the NAV FUNC soft key.
3. Press the WPT MK ON/OFF soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate.
4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2-33
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.26
ARP, TTM Operation
When the radar source is an ARP-equipped Model 1800/1900 series network
radar, you can manually and automatically acquire and track ten targets. Once a
target is acquired automatically or manually it is automatically tracked within 0.1
to 32 nm. If the FURUNO heading sensor PG-1000 is used, the data sentence
“RMC” is necessary.
Alternatively, you can display the tracks of other ships by receiving the data
sentence TTM (Tracked Target Message) via the NETWORK or NMEA port on
the display unit. However, targets cannot be acquired.
Usage precautions for ARP
WARNING
No one navigational aid should be relied
upon for the safety of vessel and crew.
The navigator has the responsibility to
check all aids available to confirm
position. Electronic aids are not
a substitute for basic navigational
principles and common sense.
• This auto plotter automatically tracks an
automatically or manually acquired radar
target and calculates its course and
speed, indicating them by a vector. Since
the data generated by the auto plotter
are based on what radar targets are
selected, the radar must always be
optimally tuned for use with the auto
plotter, to ensure required targets will not
be lost or unwanted targets such as sea
returns and noise will not be acquired
and tracked.
• A target does not always mean a landmass, reef, ships or other surface vessels
but can imply returns from sea surface
and clutter. As the level of clutter changes
with environment, the operator should
properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN
and GAIN controls to be sure target
echoes are not eliminated from the
radar screen.
2-34
CAUTION
The plotting accuracy and response of
this auto plotter meets IMO standards.
Tracking accuracy is affected by the
following:
• Tracking accuracy is affected by course
change. One to two minutes is required to
restore vectors to full accuracy after an
abrupt course change. (The actual
amount depends on gyrocompass
specifications.)
• The amount of tracking delay is inversely
proportional to the relative speed of the
target. Delay is on the order of 15-30
seconds for high relative speed; 30-60
seconds for low relative speed.
Display accuracy is affected by the
following:
• Echo intensity
• Radar transmission pulsewidth
• Radar bearing error
• Gyrocompass error
• Course change (own ship or target)
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.26.1
Activating/deactivating ARP, TTM
1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP
SETUP menu.
ARP TARGET INFO
INTERNAL ARP
CANCEL ALL TARGETS
NO
ARP VECTOR MODE
TRUE
ARP VECTOR TIME
30 minutes
HISTORY INTERVAL
OFF
CPA
OFF
TCPA
30 seconds
ARP
SETUP
EDIT
RETURN
AUTO ACQUISITION AREA OFF
TARGET ID NUMBER
OFF
ARP setup menu
2. Select ARP TARGET INFO, then press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP
target info window.
ARP TARGET INFO
▲
¤ INTERNAL ARP
¡ EXTERNAL ARP
¡ OFF
▼
ARP target info window
3. Select INTERNAL ARP, EXTERNAL ARP or OFF as appropriate.
INTERNAL ARP: The radar source must be an ARP-equipped Model
1800/1900 series NavNet radar. Select this item also for a NavNet unit being
fed ARP targets.
EXTERNAL ARP: Receive TTM data sentence via NMEA or NETWORK port.
Target tracks are shown but targets cannot be acquired.
OFF: Turns off the ARP or TTM display.
4. Press the ENTER soft key.
5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-35
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.26.2
Acquiring and tracking targets (ARP)
Ten targets may be acquired and tracked manually and automatically. When you
attempt to acquire an 11th target, the message “ARP FULL – ALREADY
TRACKING 10 TARGETS!” appears for five seconds. To acquire another target,
terminate tracking of an unnecessary target as shown in the paragraph “2.26.4
Terminating tracking of ARP targets.”
Manual acquisition
1. If not already shown, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft
keys.
2. Press the TARGET soft key.
3. Place the cursor on the target to acquire.
4. Press the ACQ soft key.
5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
The plot symbol changes over time as below. A vector appears about one minute
after acquisition, indicating the target’s motion trend.
Vector
01*
01*
At acquisition
1 min. after
acquisition
01*
3 min. after
acquisition
Target Number
* = Target number shown when TARGET ID NUMBER is
turned on in the ARP SETUP menu.
ARP plot symbols
Automatic acquisition
The ARP can acquire up to ten targets automatically by setting an automatic
acquisition area. When automatic acquisition is selected after acquiring targets
manually, only the remaining capacity for targets may be automatically acquired.
For example, if seven targets have been manually acquired, three targets may
be automatically acquired.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Press the [MENU] key to show the main menu.
Press the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP SETUP menu.
Operate the trackball to select AUTO ACQUISITION AREA.
Press the EDIT soft key to show the automatic acquisition area window.
AUTO ACQ. AREA
▲
¡ ON
¤ OFF
▼
Automatic acquisition area window
5. Select ON, then press the ENTER soft key.
2-36
2. RADAR OPERATION
6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. An acquisition area of 2.0 to 2.5
miles in range and ±45º on either side of the heading line in bearing appears.
Note: Targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously
tracked when switching to manual acquisition.
Automatic acquisition area
45° port
2.0 - 2.5 nm
45° starboard
Automatic acquisition area
2.26.3
Displaying target number (ARP, TTM)
Target number can be shown for ARP and TTM targets as below.
12/ 3nm
LP
H-UP
319. 9°T
TARGET
TRAIL
01
TLL
OUTPUT
ACQ
ARP
Target
Number
TARGET
INFO
RETURN
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
ARP target number
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Press the [MENU] key.
Press the ARP SETUP soft key.
Select TARGET ID NUMBER.
Press the EDIT soft key.
Select ON or OFF as appropriate.
Press the ENTER soft key.
Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-37
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.26.4
Terminating tracking of ARP targets
When ten targets have been acquired, no more acquisition occurs unless targets
are cancelled. If you need to acquire additional targets, you must first cancel one
or more individual targets, or all targets, using one of the procedures below.
Terminating tracking of selected targets
1. Place the cursor on the target to terminate tracking.
2. Press the [CLEAR] key to terminate tracking and erase the target.
Terminating tracking of all targets
1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.
2. Select CANCEL ALL TARGETS.
3. Press the EDIT soft key.
CANCEL ALL TARGETS
▲
¡ YES
¤ NO
▼
Cancel all targets window
4. Select YES.
5. Press the ENTER soft key.
6. Press the RETURN soft key followed by the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-38
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.26.5
Setting vector attributes (ARP)
What is a vector?
A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated speed
and course of the target. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target
after the selected vector time elapses. It can be useful to extend the vector
length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision with any target.
Vector
Vector
Vector reference, vector time
You may reference the vectors to North (True, requires heading and speed data)
or ship’s heading (relative) as desired. Vector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1,
3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes.
1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP
SETUP menu.
2. Operate the trackball to select ARP VECTOR MODE.
3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP vector mode window.
ARP VECTOR MODE
¤
¡
RELATIVE
TRUE
ARP vector mode window
4. Select TRUE or RELATIVE as appropriate.
5. Press the ENTER soft key.
6. Select ARP VECTOR TIME, then press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP
vector time window.
ARP VECTOR TIME
▲
¤ 30 seconds
¡ 1 minute
¡ 3 minutes
¡ 6 minutes
¡ 15 minutes
¡ 30 minutes
▼
ARP vector time window
7. Operate the trackball to select vector time among 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min, 6 min,
15 min and 30 min.
8. Press the ENTER soft key.
9. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-39
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.26.6
Displaying past position (ARP)
This ARP can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past
positions of any targets being tracked. You can evaluate a target’s actions by the
spacing between dots. Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement.
(a) Ship turning
(b) Ship running
straight
(c) Ship reduced
speed
(d) Ship increased
speed
Past position displays
To turn the past position display on or off:
1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.
2. Operate the trackball to select HISTORY INTERVAL.
3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the history interval window.
HISTORY INTERVAL
▲
¤ OFF
¡ 30 seconds
¡ 1 minute
¡ 3 minutes
¡ 6 minutes
▼
History interval window
4. Operate the trackball to select history interval among 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min
and 6 min, or select OFF to turn off the past position display.
5. Press the ENTER soft key.
6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-40
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.26.7
ARP, TTM target data
You can show motion trends (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA) for
ARP or TTM targets. Note that TARGET ID NUMBER, in the ARP SETUP menu,
must be turned on to display this data.
1. Place the cursor on the target whose data you want to see.
2. If not already displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft
keys.
3. Press the TARGET and TARGET INFO soft keys. The data of the selected
target appears at the bottom left-hand corner of the display. (If an EBL/VRM
data box is displayed the ARP (TTM) data box will be under it.)
4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
5. To erase ARP/TTM target data, select the corresponding target with the
cursor, then press the [CLEAR] key.
12/LP 3nm
H-UP
319. 9°T
TARGET
TRAIL
Cursor
TLL
OUTPUT
ARP
Target
ACQ
01
TARGET
INFO
RETURN
No.01 VECTOR TRUE 15min
CSE 359.9˚T SPD 12.5kt
CPA 2.21nm TCPA 12:35
+ 359.9 ˚R
11.70nm
CPA and TCPA
Course and Speed
Target No., Vector Reference (True), Vector Time
ARP target data
2-41
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.26.8
CPA/TCPA alarm (ARP)
When the predicted CPA of any target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm
range or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm
sounds and the speaker icon appears (in red). In addition, the target plot symbol
of the offending target changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector.
You may silence the audio alarm with the [CLEAR] key. Press the [ALARM] key
and the message “COLLISION ALARM” appears. Press the CLEAR ALARM soft
key to acknowledge the alarm. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol continues
until you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously
monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and
predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each track to own ship.
This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with
own ship. However, it is important that gain, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar
controls are properly adjusted and the ARP is set up so that it can track targets
effectively.
CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the
size, tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.
CAUTION
The CPA/TCPA alarm should never be
relied upon as the sole means for detecting the risk of collision. The navigator is
not relieved of the responsibility to keep
visual lookout for avoiding collisions,
whether or not the radar or other plotting
aid is in use.
Follow the steps shown below to set the CPA/TCPA alarm range:
1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.
2. Operate the trackball to select CPA.
3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the CPA window.
CPA
▲
¤
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
▼
OFF
0.5nm
1nm
2nm
3nm
5nm
6nm
CPA window
4. Select a CPA limit desired from 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm and 6 nm
with the trackball.
5. Press the ENTER soft key. The ARP SETUP menu reappears.
6. Operate the trackball to select TCPA.
7. Press the EDIT soft key to show the TCPA window.
2-42
2. RADAR OPERATION
TCPA
▲
¤
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
¡
▼
30 seconds
1 minute
2 minutes
3 minutes
4 minutes
5 minutes
6 minutes
12 minutes
TCPA window
8. Select a TCPA limit from 30 sec, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, 6 min and
12 min.
9. Press the ENTER soft key.
10. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2.26.9
Lost target alarm (ARP)
When the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond
and tracking is discontinued after one minute.
01
Lost target mark
Canceling a lost target
1. Place the cursor on the target.
2. Press the [CLEAR] key.
2-43
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.27
Interpreting the Radar Display
2.27.1
General
Minimum and maximum ranges
Minimum range
The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of
1.5 or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate
from the point representing the antenna position. It is mainly dependent on the
pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang
suppression and digital quantization. It is best to use the shortest possible range
as long as the clarity and definition of the picture remain good.
Maximum range
The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably
depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the
waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of
the target, and atmospheric conditions.
Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar
horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by
about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. Rmax is given
in the following equation.
Rmax = 2.2 x ( h1 + h2 )
where
Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles)
h1:
antenna height (m)
h2:
target height (m)
Radar horizon
Optical horizon
Radar horizon
For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the
height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;
Rmax= 2.2 x ( 9 + 16 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm
It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which
absorbs the radar signal).
2-44
2. RADAR OPERATION
Radar resolution
There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing
resolution and range resolution.
Bearing resolution
Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display the echoes received from
two targets, which are at the same range and close together, as separate targets.
Bearing resolution is directly proportional to the antenna length, and inversely
proportional to the radar's wavelength.
Range resolution
Range resolution is the ability to display the echoes received from two targets,
which are on the same bearing and close to each other, as separate targets.
Bearing accuracy
One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of
a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically
depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually
taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading
marker at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To
minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, select a range which will
put the target as far out to the edge of the radar screen as possible.
Range measurement
Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the
radar. There are three means of measuring range: the fixed range rings, the
trackball and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on
the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the
range to a target. The trackball is rolled to place the cursor on the leading edge
of the target. Range and bearing to the target is shown at the bottom right-hand
corner of the display. The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or
decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the
operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.
2-45
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.27.2
False echoes
Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no
target or disappear even if there are targets. False target situations may be
recognized, however, if you understand why they are displayed. Typical false
echoes are shown below.
Multiple echoes
Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a
large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be
observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of
the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often
removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the [A/C SEA]
control.
True
echo
Target
Own ship
Multiple
echo
Multiple echoes
Sidelobe echoes
Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side
of the beam. This stray RF is called a “sidelobe.” If a target exists where it can
be detected by the sidelobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be
represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Sidelobes show
usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced
through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA
control.
Target A
Target B
(Spurious) Target B
(True)
Sidelobe echoes
2-46
2. RADAR OPERATION
Virtual image
A relatively large target close to your ship may show at two positions on the
screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other
is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close
to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large
metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the
screen.
Target ship
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
Own
ship
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
;;
; True
;;
;; echo
;;
Mirror image
of target ship
False
echo
Virtual image
Shadow sectors
Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar
beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a
non-detecting sector or blind spot may be produced. Within this sector, targets
can not be detected.
Radar
antenna
Radar
mast
Shadow sector
Shadow sectors
2-47
2. RADAR OPERATION
2.27.3
SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)
A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3
cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received
causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete
radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through
the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band
back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve
complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match
that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver.
If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow
sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots
equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.
When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display may
show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional
dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed
with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller
than the original dots.
Screen B: When SART
is close
Screen A: When SART
is distant
Lines of 12 dots
are displayed in
concentric arcs.
Echo from SART
Radar antenna
beamwidth
24 NM
Echo from
SART
1.5 NM
Position of
SART
Own ship
position
9500 MHz
9200 MHz
Own ship
position
SART mark
length
7.5 µs
Sweep time
Radar receiver
bandwidth
95 µs
Low speed sweep signal
Sweep start
High speed sweep signal
Appearance of SART signal on the radar display
2-48
Position of
SART
2. RADAR OPERATION
General procedure for detecting SART response
1. Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART
responses is about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the SART.
2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression (if applicable).
3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.
General remarks on receiving SART
SART range errors
When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the
SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is
displayed may be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART.
When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first
of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.
Radar bandwidth
This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with
the range scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz
are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with
short pulses on short ranges.
Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly,
so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of
the SART.
Radar sidelobes
As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the
SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed
by the use of the [A/C SEA] control although it may be operationally useful to
observe the sidelobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and
also they will confirm that the SART is near to the ship.
Gain
For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range
detection should be used, that is, with background noise speckle visible.
2-49
2. RADAR OPERATION
A/C SEA control
For optimum range SART detection, this control should be set to the minimum.
Care should be exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured. Note
also that in clutter conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be
detectable, irrespective of the setting of the anti-clutter sea control. In this case,
the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9.5 nm from the
furthest dot back towards own ship.
Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities in which case
the operator should switch to manual.
A/C RAIN control
This should be used normally (to break up areas of rain) when trying to detect a
SART response which, being a series of dots, is not affected by the action of the
anti-clutter rain circuitry. Note that racon responses, which are often in the form
of a long flash, will be affected by the use of this control.
Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities in which case
the operator should switch to manual.
Note: This SART information is excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 Operation of
Marine Radar for SART Detection.
2.27.4
Racon (Radar Beacon)
A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal when triggered
by a ship’s radar (usually only the 3 centimeter band). The signal may be emitted
on the same frequency as that of the triggering radar, in which case it is
superimposed on the ship's radar display automatically.
The racon signal appears on the PPI as a radial line originating at a point just
beyond the position of the radar beacon or as a Morse code signal (see figure
below) displayed radially from just beyond the beacon.
Racon
Appearance of racon signal on the radar display
2-50

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