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| Document ID | 107590 |
| Application ID | gYTExt5IT7CfDh7Kpp5ZCw== |
| Document Description | OPERATORS MANUAL |
| Short Term Confidential | No |
| Permanent Confidential | No |
| Supercede | No |
| Document Type | User Manual |
| Display Format | Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf |
| Filesize | 161.19kB (2014931 bits) |
| Date Submitted | 2000-07-03 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2005-05-25 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2000-05-13 09:55:48 |
| Producing Software | Adobe PDF Library 2.0 |
| Document Lastmod | 2000-06-21 10:50:02 |
| Document Title | OPERATORS MANUAL |
MARINE RADAR
MODEL 851 MARK-2
C
Yo u r L o c a l A g e n t / D e a l e r
9-52, Ashihara-cho,
Nishinomi ya, Japan
Te l e p h o n e :
Te l e f a x :
0 7 9 8 - 6 5- 2 111
0798- 65- 4200
A l l r i g h t s r es e r ve d .
Printed in Japan
PUB. No. OME-34900
(TENI)
MO D EL 851 MARK- 2
FIRST
ED ITIO N: JUNE 2 000
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING
Do not open the equipment.
Hazardous voltage which can
cause electrical shock, burn or
serious injury exists inside the
ELECTRICAL equipment. Only qualified
personnel should work inside
SHOCK
the equipment.
HAZARD
Wear a safety belt and hard
hat when working on the
antenna unit.
Serious injury or death can
result if someone falls from
the radar antenna mast.
Stay away from transmitting
antenna.
The radar antenna emits microwave radiation which can
be harmful to the human body,
particularly the eyes. Never
look directly into the antenna
radiator from a distance of
less than 1 m when the radar
is in operation.
Turn off the radar power
switch before servicing the
antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch
indicating it should not be
turned on while the antenna
unit is being serviced.
Prevent the potential risk of
someone begin struck by the
rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.
WARNING
Do not disassemble or modify the
equipment.
Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can
result.
Turn off the power immediately if water
leaks into the equipment or the
equipment is emitting smoke or fire.
Fire or equipment damage can result if a
different cable is used.
Keep heater away from equipment.
Heat can alter equipment shape and melt
the power cord, which can cause fire or
electrical shock.
CAUTION
Use the proper fuse.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in fire or
permanent equipment damage.
A warning label is attatched to the
display unit. Do not remove the label.
If the label is missing or damaged,
contact a FURUNO agent or dealer.
WARNING
To avoid electrical shock,
do not remove cover.
No user-serviceable parts
inside.
Name: Warning Label (2)
Type: 03-129-1001-0
Code No.: 100-236-740
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD.......................................... iv
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION .................. v
1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1.1 What is Radar?........................... 1-1
1.2 How Ships Determined Position
Before Radar.............................. 1-1
1.3 How Radar Determines Range... 1-1
1.4 How Radar Determines
Bearing....................................... 1-1
1.5 Radar Wave Speed and Antenna
Rotation Speed .......................... 1-2
1.6 The Radar Display...................... 1-2
2. OPERATION
2.1 Control Description ..................... 2-1
2.2 Display Indications and
Markers ...................................... 2-2
2.3 Turning the Radar On and Off .... 2-2
2.4 Transmitting................................ 2-3
2.5 Selecting the Range ................... 2-3
2.6 Adjusting LCD Backlighting and
Display Tone............................... 2-3
2.7 Adjusting Control Panel
Illumination ................................. 2-4
2.8 Adjusting GAIN, STC, A.C RAIN
and FTC ..................................... 2-4
2.9 Tuning the Receiver ................... 2-6
2.10 Measuring the Range ............... 2-6
2.11 Measuring the Bearing ............. 2-7
2.12 Menu Operation........................ 2-8
2.13 Selecting the Display Mode .... 2-10
2.14 The Window Display............... 2-11
2.15 Selecting the Presentation
Mode ........................................ 2-12
2.16 Guard Alarm ........................... 2-12
2.17 Suppressing Radar
Interference .............................. 2-14
ii
2.18 Suppressing Noise
Interference ............................. 2-15
2.19 Selecting Pulselength............. 2-15
2.20 Off Centering the Display ....... 2-15
2.21 Echo Trails ............................. 2-16
2.22 Navigation Data Display......... 2-17
2.23 Echo Stretch (magnifying
long range echoes) .................. 2-18
2.24 Selecting Unit of
Measurement for Range .......... 2-19
2.25 Selecting Bearing Reference.. 2-19
2.26 Watchman.............................. 2-19
2.27 Erasing the Heading Marker... 2-20
2.28 Deselecting Ranges ............... 2-20
2.29 Displaying Navigation Data
During Stand-by....................... 2-20
2.30 Outputting Cursor Position to
Navigator ................................. 2-21
2.31 Displaying Cursor Position,
Range and Bearing to Cursor .. 2-21
2.32 Visual Alarm Indications......... 2-21
3. INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY
3.1 The Radar Wave and Radar
Horizon ...................................... 3-1
3.2 Target Properties and Radar
Wave Reflection......................... 3-2
3.3 Range Resolution ...................... 3-2
3.4 Bearing Resolution..................... 3-2
3.5 False Echoes ............................. 3-3
3.6 SART ......................................... 3-5
3.7 Racon (Radar Beacon) .............. 3-7
4. MAINTENANCE &
TROUBLESHOOTING
4.1 Preventative Maintenance.......... 4-1
4.2 Replacing the Fuse .................... 4-2
4.3 Troubleshooting ......................... 4-2
4.4 Test ............................................ 4-3
4.5 Replacing the Magnetron ........... 4-3
MENU TREE....................................... A-1
SPECIFICATIONS ............................ SP-1
INDEX .......................................... index-1
iii
FOREWORD
Congratulations on your choice of the
FURUNO Marine Radar MODEL 851
MARK-2. We are confident you will see why
the FURUNO name has become synonymous
with quality and reliability.
For over 50 years FURUNO Electric
Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation
for innovative and dependable marine
electronics equipment. This dedication to
excellence is furthered by our extensive
global network of agents and dealers.
Your radar is designed and constructed to
meet the rigorous demands of the marine
environment. However, no machine can
perform its intended function unless properly
installed and maintained. Please carefully
read and follow the recommended procedures
for installation, operation and maintenance.
While this unit can be installed by the
purchaser, any purchaser who has doubts
about his or her technical abilities may wish to
have the unit installed by a FURUNO
representative or other qualified technician.
The importance of a thorough installation
cannot be overemphasized.
We would appreciate hearing from you, the
end-user, about whether we are achieving our
purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing
FURUNO equipment.
Features
Your radar has a large variety of functions, all
contained in a remarkably small cabinet.
The main features of the MODEL 851
MARK-2 are:
• Traditional FURUNO reliability and quality
in a compact, lightweight and low-cost
radar.
• Smartly styled, light-weight and compact
antenna fits even on small yachts.
• Durable brushless antenna motor.
• High definition 8" LCD raster-scan display.
• On-screen alphanumeric readout of all
operational information.
• Standard features include EBL (Electronic
Bearing Line), VRM (Variable Range
Marker), Guard Alarm, Display Off Center
and Echo Trail.
• Watchman feature periodically transmits
the radar to check for radar targets which
may be entering (or exiting) the alarm
zone.
• Ship’s position in latitude and longitude (or
Loran C Time Differences), range and
bearing to a waypoint, ship’s speed,
heading and course can be shown in the
bottom text area. (Requires a navigation
aid which can output such data in NMEA
0183 format.)
• Zoom feature provided.
• Omnipad makes the selection of target and
menu items easy.
iv
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Antenna unit
Navigation Device
Remote Display
FMD-8010
FMD-811
Echo Sounder
Gyrocompass
Gyro Converter
AD-100
External Alarm
Buzzer OP03-169
Integrated Heading
Sensor PG-1000
Rectifier
RU-3423
Option
Ship's Mains
12-24 VDC
Ship's Mains
100/110/115 VAC
200/220/230 VAC
1φ, 50/60 Hz
MODEL 851 MARK-2
1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1.1 What is Radar?
The term "RADAR" is an acronym meaning
RAdio Detection And Ranging. It is a
device which measures the time it takes for
a pulsed signal to be reflected back from
an object.
1.2 How Ships Determined
Position Before Radar
The use of echoes to determine position
did not begin with radar. Ships would sound
a short blast on their whistles, fire a shot, or
strike a bell as an aid to navigation when
running in fog near a rugged shoreline. The
time between the origination of the sound
and the returning of the echo indicated how
far the ship was from the cliffs or the shore.
The direction from which the echo was
heard indicated the relative bearing of the
shore.
1.3 How Radar Determines
Range
Radar determines the distance to the target
by calculating the time difference between
the transmission of a radar signal and the
reception of the reflected echo. It is a
known fact that radar waves travel at a
nearly constant speed of 162,000 nautical
miles per second. Therefore the time
required for a transmitted signal to travel to
the target and return as an echo to the
source is a measure of the distance to the
target. Note that the echo makes a
complete round trip, but only half the time
of travel is needed to determine the oneway distance to the target. This radar
automatically takes this into account in
making the range calculation.
1.4 How Radar Determines
Bearing
The bearing to a target found by the radar
is determined by the direction in which the
radar antenna is pointing when it emits an
electronic pulse and then receives a
returning echo. Each time the antenna
rotates pulses are transmitted in the full
360 degree circle, each pulse at a slightly
different bearing from the previous one.
Therefore, if one knows the direction in
which the signal is sent out, one knows the
direction from which the echo must return.
1-1
1.5 Radar Wave Speed and
Antenna Rotation Speed
1.6 The Radar Display
Targets are displayed on what is called a
Plan Position Indicator (PPI). This display
is essentially a polar diagram, with the
transmitting ship’s position at the center.
Images of target echoes are received and
displayed at their relative bearings, and at
their distance from the PPI center.
The speed of the radar waves out to the
target and back again as echoes is
extremely fast compared to the speed of
rotation of the antenna. By the time radar
echoes have returned to the antenna, the
amount of antenna rotation after initial
transmission of the radar pulse is
extremely small.
With a continuous display of the images of
targets, the motion of the transmitting ship
is also displayed.
Heading marker
Targets
Own ship
(radar)
(A) Bird's eye view of situation
Own ship
in center
(B) Radar picture of (A)
Figure 1-1 How radar works
1-2
Range and bearing
of a target, relative
to own ship, are
readable on the PPI.
2. OPERATION
2.1 Control Description
Omnipad
Shifts cursor, VRM
and EBL; selects
items and options
on menu.
Registers selection
on menus.
Adjusts GAIN,
STC, A.C RAIN
and FTC.
ENT
MENU
ECHO
HM
OFF
Opens/closes menus.
Erases heading marker;
selects cursor data (Lat/Long, R/B);
outputs cursor position.
Selects radar range.
RANGE
Adjusts display
tone.
TONE
BRILL
Adjusts display brilliance.
Turns the EBL
on/off.
EBL
VRM
Turns the VRM on/off.
TRAIL
RINGS
Sets guard
zone area.
GUARD
OFF
CENTER
Selects display mode;
erases heading error
indication.
DISP
MODE
ST-BY
TX
Plots targets' trails.
POWER
Turns the range
rings on/off.
Off centers
the display.
Sets radar in stand-by;
transmits radar pulse.
Turns power on/off.
Figure 2-1 Control panel
2-1
2.2 Display Indications and Markers
Heading (requires
heading data)
Range
1.5
0.5
Range ring interval
Presentation mode
Off center
Pulsewidth
Heading marker
CU
Echo trail, AUTO tuning
Echo trail elapsed time,
echo trail time, tuning
indicator
AUTO
HDG 326.8˚ TRAIL
0:00 15S
NM
G ( IN )
FTC1
OFF
CENTER
ES
IR
SP
Guard zone
FTC
(rain clutter suppressor)
Echo stretch
Interference rejector
Guard zone
area
Range rings
Cursor
EBL
VRM
VRM
EBL
+ CURSOR
0.675NM 232.5˚ R 0.681NM 308.7˚ R
VRM
range
EBL
bearing
Cursor
range
Range and bearing to
cursor or cursor position in
latitude and longitude may
be displayed by pressing
the [HM OFF] key.
Cursor
bearing
Figure 2-2 Display indications
2.3 Turning the Radar On and
Off
Press the [POWER] key to turn the radar
on or off. The control panel lights and a
timer displays the time remaining for warm
up of the magnetron (the device which
produces radar pulses), counting down
from 1:30.
2-2
Note: When the power is reapplied within a
certain amount of time and circuits
remain charged, the warmup process
is skipped—you can transmit without
one and a half minutes st-by time.
WARNING
The radar antenna emits high frequency radio
radiation which can be harmful, particularly to
your eyes. Never look directly at the antenna
from a distance of less than three feet when
the radar is in operation. Always make sure
no one is near the antenna before turning on
the radar.
Note: When the heading signal is lost, the
HDG readout at the top of the screen
shows ***.*. This warning stays on
when the heading signal is restored
to warn the operator that the readout
may be unreliable. After confirming
the heading readout (if necessary,
adjust it), the warning may be erased
by pressing the [DISP MODE] key.
Tips for selecting the range
2.4 Transmitting
2.6 Adjusting LCD
Backlighting and Display
Tone
After the power is turned on and the
magnetron has warmed up, ST-BY (StandBy) appears at the screen center. This
means the radar is now fully operational. In
stand-by the radar is available for use at
anytime—but no radar waves are being
transmitted.
Press the [ST-BY TX] key to transmit.
When transmitting, any echoes reflected
from targets appear on the display. This
radar displays echoes in four tones of gray
according to echo strength.
• When navigating in or around crowded
harbors, select a short range to watch
for possible collision situations.
• If you select a lower range while on
open water, increase the range
occasionally to watch for vessels that
may be heading your way.
The [BRILL] key adjusts the LCD
backlighting in eight levels, including off.
The [TONE] key adjusts the tone (contrast)
of the display in 32 levels, including off.
Procedure
1. Press the [BRILL] key (or [TONE] key).
The display shown in Figure 2-3
appears.
When you won’t be using the radar for an
extended period but want to keep it in a
state of readiness, press the [ST-BY TX]
key to set the radar in stand-by.
2.5 Selecting the Range
The range selected automatically
determines the range ring interval, the
number of range rings, pulselength and
pulse repetition rate, for optimal detection
capability in short to long ranges.
Procedure
Press the [– RANGE +] key. The range and
range ring interval appear at the top left
corner on the display.
BRILL
UP
TONE
DOWN
Tone
setting
19
TONE
UP
BRILL
DOWN
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