Furuno USA 9ZWRTR069 Marine Radar User Manual OPERATORS MANUAL

Furuno USA Inc Marine Radar OPERATORS MANUAL

OPERATORS MANUAL

MARINE RADARMODEL1722/1732/1742/1752/1762MODEL1722C/1732C/1742C/1752C/1762C
Your Local Agent/DealerYour Local Agent/Dealer9-52 Ashihara-cho,9-52 Ashihara-cho,Nishinomiya, JapanNishinomiya, JapanTelephone :Telephone : 0798-65-21110798-65-2111Telefax :Telefax : 0798-65-42000798-65-4200FIRST EDITION :FIRST EDITION : APR.APR. 20012001Printed in JapanPrinted in JapanAll rights reserved.All rights reserved.E :E : DEC.DEC. 07,200107,2001PUB.No.PUB.No. OME-3494OME-3494*00080918200**00080918200**00080918200**00080918200*(( DAMIDAMI )) MODEL1722/C SER.MODEL1722/C SER. * 0 0 0 8 0 9 1 8 2 0 0 ** 0 0 0 8 0 9 1 8 2 0 0 **OME34940E00**OME34940E00**OME34940E00**OME34940E00** O M E 3 4 9 4 0 E 0 0 ** O M E 3 4 9 4 0 E 0 0 *
iSAFETY INSTRUCTIONSWARNINGDo not disassemble or modify theequipment.Fire, electrical shock or serious injury canresult.Immediately turn off the power at theswitchboard if the equipment is emittingsmoke or fire.Continued use of the equipment can causefire or electrical shock. Contact a FURUNOagent for service.Keep heater away from equipment.A heater can melt the equipment's powercord, which can cause fire or electricalshock.Use the proper fuse.Fuse rating is shown on the equipment.Use of a wrong fuse can result in damageto the equipment.ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARDDo not open the equipment.Only qualified personnelshould work inside theequipment.CAUTIONA warning label is attached to the equip-ment. Do not remove the label. If thelabel is missing or damaged, contacta FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement.WARNINGTo avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.Name: Warning Label (1)Type: 86-003-1011-0Code No.: 100-236-230WARNINGRadio FrequencyRadiation HazardThe radar antenna emits electromagneticradio frequency (RF) energy which can beharmful, particularly to your eyes. Neverlook directly into the antenna aperture froma close distance while the radar is inoperation or expose yourself to the trans-mitting antenna at a close distance.Distances at which RF radiation levels of100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in thetable below.Note: If the antenna unit is installed at aclose distance in front of the wheel house,your administration may require halt oftransmission within a certain sector ofantenna revolution. This is possible - Askyour FURUNO representative or dealer toprovide this feature.MODEL Distance to100 W/m2pointDistance to10 W/m2point1722 Nil Worst case0.50 m173217421762 0.20 mNil Worst case0.50 mNil Worst case1.00 mWorst case3.00 mNo one navigation device should ever besolely replied upon for the navigation ofa vessel.Always confirm position against all availableaids to navigation, for safety of vessel andcrew.CAUTION1752 0.15 m Worst case2.00 m
iiTABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ii FOREWORD.......................................................................................................viii SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS...............................................................................x 1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW.........................................................................1-1 1.1 Operating Controls .................................................................................................... 1-2 1.1.1 Display unit controls........................................................................................ 1-2 1.1.2 Remote controller............................................................................................ 1-5 1.2 Inserting a Chart Card ............................................................................................... 1-6 1.3 Turning the Unit On/Off.............................................................................................. 1-7 1.4 Cursor Pad, Cursor.................................................................................................... 1-8 1.5 Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Contrast, Hue ..................................................... 1-9 1.5.1 Display brilliance, panel brilliance.................................................................... 1-9 1.5.2 Contrast ........................................................................................................ 1-10 1.5.3 Hue (MODEL1722C series)........................................................................... 1-10 1.6 Selecting a Display.................................................................................................. 1-11 1.6.1 Display modes .............................................................................................. 1-11 1.6.2 Selecting a display ........................................................................................ 1-12 1.6.3 Switching control in combination and overlay screens................................... 1-13 1.6.4 Selecting radar source .................................................................................. 1-14 1.7 Data Boxes.............................................................................................................. 1-15 1.7.1 Showing, hiding data boxes with soft key ...................................................... 1-15 1.7.2 Rearranging data boxes................................................................................ 1-15 1.7.3 Temporarily erasing a data box ..................................................................... 1-15 1.8 Function Keys.......................................................................................................... 1-16 1.8.1 Executing a function...................................................................................... 1-16 1.9 Simulation Display................................................................................................... 1-17 2. RADAR OPERATION ....................................................................................2-1 2.1 Radar Display............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Transmitting, Stand-by............................................................................................... 2-2 2.3 Tuning ....................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.4 Adjusting the Gain ..................................................................................................... 2-2 2.5 Reducing Sea Clutter................................................................................................. 2-4 2.5.1 How the A/C SEA works.................................................................................. 2-4 2.5.2 Adjusting A/C SEA .......................................................................................... 2-4 2.6 Reducing Precipitation Clutter ................................................................................... 2-5 2.6.1 Adjusting the A/C RAIN................................................................................... 2-5 2.6.2 Adjusting the FTC ........................................................................................... 2-6 2.7 Range Scale.............................................................................................................. 2-7 2.8 Pulselength................................................................................................................ 2-8
iii2.9 Presentation Mode.....................................................................................................2-9 2.9.1 Selecting a presentation mode ........................................................................2-9 2.9.2 Description of presentation modes.................................................................2-10 2.10 Measuring the Range...............................................................................................2-12 2.10.1 Measuring range by range rings ....................................................................2-12 2.10.2 Measuring range by cursor............................................................................2-13 2.10.3 Measuring range by VRM..............................................................................2-14 2.10.4 Erasing a VRM, VRM indication.....................................................................2-15 2.10.5 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes .......................................................................2-15 2.10.6 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes .........................................................................2-15 2.10.7 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes........................................................................2-15 2.11 Measuring the Bearing.............................................................................................2-15 2.11.1 Measuring bearing by cursor .........................................................................2-15 2.11.2 Measuring bearing by EBL ............................................................................2-15 2.11.3 Erasing an EBL, EBL indication .....................................................................2-16 2.11.4 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes .......................................................................2-16 2.11.5 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes .........................................................................2-16 2.11.6 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes........................................................................2-16 2.12 Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker ..................................................................2-17 2.13 Reducing Noise........................................................................................................2-17 2.14 Reducing Radar Interference ...................................................................................2-18 2.15 Zoom .......................................................................................................................2-19 2.15.1 Zooming in on radar targets...........................................................................2-19 2.15.2 Zooming ARP, TTM targets............................................................................2-19 2.16 Shifting the Picture...................................................................................................2-20 2.16.1 Manual shift...................................................................................................2-20 2.16.2 Automatic shift...............................................................................................2-21 2.17 Using the Offset EBL................................................................................................2-22 2.17.1 Predicting a collision course ..........................................................................2-22 2.17.2 Measuring range & bearing between two targets...........................................2-23 2.18 Echo Trails...............................................................................................................2-24 2.18.1 Trail time........................................................................................................2-24 2.18.2 Starting echo trails.........................................................................................2-25 2.18.3 Trail brilliance (MODEL1722 series) ..............................................................2-25 2.18.4 Trail gradation (MODEL1722C series)...........................................................2-25 2.18.5 Trail color (MODEL1722C series)..................................................................2-26 2.19 Echo Stretch ............................................................................................................2-27 2.20 Echo Averaging........................................................................................................2-28 2.21 Outputting TLL Data.................................................................................................2-29 2.22 Guard Alarm.............................................................................................................2-30 2.22.1 Setting a guard alarm zone............................................................................2-30 2.22.2 When the alarm is violated….........................................................................2-31 2.22.3 Canceling the guard alarm.............................................................................2-31 2.23 Watchman................................................................................................................2-32 2.23.1 How watchman works....................................................................................2-32 2.23.2 Turning on/off watchman ...............................................................................2-32 2.23.3 Setting watchman stand-by interval ...............................................................2-32 2.24 Waypoint Marker......................................................................................................2-33
iv2.25 ARP (option), TTM operation................................................................................... 2-34 2.25.1 Activating/deactivating ARP, TTM.................................................................. 2-35 2.25.2 Acquiring and tracking targets (ARP only)..................................................... 2-36 2.25.3 Displaying target number (internal, external ARP)......................................... 2-37 2.25.4 Terminating tracking of ARP targets .............................................................. 2-38 2.25.5 Setting vector attributes (ARP)...................................................................... 2-39 2.25.6 Displaying past position display (ARP) .......................................................... 2-40 2.25.7 ARP, TTM target data.................................................................................... 2-41 2.25.8 CPA/TCPA alarm (ARP) ................................................................................ 2-42 2.25.9 Lost target alarm (ARP)................................................................................. 2-43 2.26 Interpreting the Radar Display ................................................................................. 2-44 2.26.1 General......................................................................................................... 2-44 2.26.2 False echoes................................................................................................. 2-46 2.26.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) ..................................................... 2-48 2.26.4 Racon (Radar Beacon).................................................................................. 2-50 3. PLOTTER OPERATION ................................................................................3-1 3.1 Plotter Displays.......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Full-screen plotter display ............................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Compass display............................................................................................. 3-3 3.1.3 Highway display .............................................................................................. 3-5 3.1.4 Nav data display.............................................................................................. 3-6 3.2 Presentation Mode .................................................................................................... 3-7 3.2.1 North-up.......................................................................................................... 3-7 3.2.2 Course-up ....................................................................................................... 3-8 3.2.3 Auto course-up................................................................................................ 3-8 3.3 Shifting the Display.................................................................................................... 3-9 3.4 Chart Scale................................................................................................................ 3-9 3.5 Chart Cards............................................................................................................. 3-10 3.5.1 Chart card overview ...................................................................................... 3-10 3.5.2 Indices and chart enlargement ...................................................................... 3-11 3.5.3 FURUNO and NavCharts™.......................................................................... 3-12 3.5.4 C-MAP cards................................................................................................. 3-14 3.6 Working with Track .................................................................................................. 3-18 3.6.1 Displaying track............................................................................................. 3-18 3.6.2 Stopping, restarting plotting of own ship track ............................................... 3-19 3.6.3 Changing track color (MODEL1722C series)................................................. 3-20 3.6.4 Track plotting method and interval for own ship track.................................... 3-21 3.6.5 Changing own ship track/mark distribution setting......................................... 3-22 3.6.6 Erasing track................................................................................................. 3-23 3.7 Marks, Lines............................................................................................................ 3-25 3.7.1 Entering a mark............................................................................................. 3-25 3.7.2 Changing mark attributes .............................................................................. 3-25 3.7.3 Selecting line type......................................................................................... 3-26 3.7.4 Erasing marks, lines...................................................................................... 3-27 3.8 Waypoints................................................................................................................ 3-29 3.8.1 Entering waypoints........................................................................................ 3-29 3.8.2 Editing waypoint data.................................................................................... 3-32
v 3.8.3 Erasing waypoints .........................................................................................3-34 3.8.4 Changing waypoint mark size (FURUNO, NavCharts™) ...............................3-35 3.8.5 Searching waypoints......................................................................................3-36 3.9 Routes .....................................................................................................................3-37 3.9.1 Creating routes..............................................................................................3-37 3.9.2 Connecting routes .........................................................................................3-41 3.9.3 Inserting waypoints........................................................................................3-42 3.9.4 Removing waypoints from a route..................................................................3-44 3.9.5 Erasing routes ...............................................................................................3-44 3.10 Navigation................................................................................................................3-45 3.10.1 Navigating to a “quick point” ..........................................................................3-45 3.10.2 Navigating to waypoints.................................................................................3-46 3.10.3 Navigating to ports, port services (NavCharts™ only) ...................................3-47 3.10.4 Following a route...........................................................................................3-49 3.11 Alarms .....................................................................................................................3-53 3.11.1 Audio alarm on/off .........................................................................................3-53 3.11.2 Arrival alarm ..................................................................................................3-54 3.11.3 Anchor watch alarm.......................................................................................3-55 3.11.4 XTE (Cross Track Error) alarm ......................................................................3-56 3.11.5 Speed alarm ..................................................................................................3-56 3.11.6 Proximity alarm..............................................................................................3-57 3.11.7 Trip alarm ......................................................................................................3-58 3.11.8 Alarm information ..........................................................................................3-59 3.12 Resetting Trip Distance............................................................................................3-60 3.13 Entering the MOB Mark, Setting MOB as Destination ..............................................3-61 4. VIDEO SOUNDER OPERATION...................................................................4-1 4.1 Principle of Operation.................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Sounder Displays.......................................................................................................4-2 4.2.1 Selecting a sounder display.............................................................................4-2 4.2.2 Description of sounder displays.......................................................................4-3 4.2.3 Selecting screen split method in combination displays.....................................4-7 4.3 Automatic Sounder Operation....................................................................................4-8 4.3.1 How the automatic sounder works...................................................................4-8 4.3.2 Types of automatic sounder modes.................................................................4-8 4.3.3 How to enable automatic sounder operation....................................................4-8 4.4 Manual Sounder Operation........................................................................................4-9 4.4.1 Selecting the manual mode .............................................................................4-9 4.4.2 Selecting display range....................................................................................4-9 4.4.3 Adjusting the gain............................................................................................4-9 4.4.4 Range shifting................................................................................................4-10 4.5 Measuring Depth, Time............................................................................................ 4-11 4.6 Reducing Interference..............................................................................................4-12 4.7 Reducing Low Level Noise.......................................................................................4-13 4.8 Erasing Weak Echoes..............................................................................................4-14 4.9 White Marker (MODEL1722C series).......................................................................4-15
vi 4.10 Picture Advance Speed............................................................................................4-16 4.10.1 Advancement independent of ship’s speed....................................................4-16 4.10.2 Advancement synchronized with ship’s speed ...............................................4-17 4.11 Display Colors (MODEL1722C series) .....................................................................4-18 4.12 Alarms......................................................................................................................4-19 4.12.1 Audio alarm on/off..........................................................................................4-19 4.12.2 Bottom alarm .................................................................................................4-20 4.12.3 Fish alarm......................................................................................................4-20 4.12.4 Fish alarm (B/L) .............................................................................................4-21 4.12.5 Water temperature alarm ...............................................................................4-22 4.12.6 When an alarm setting is violated... ...............................................................4-23 4.13 Water Temperature Graph........................................................................................4-24 4.14 Interpreting the Sounder Display ..............................................................................4-25 4.14.1 Zero line.........................................................................................................4-25 4.14.2 Bottom echo ..................................................................................................4-25 4.14.3 Fish school echoes........................................................................................4-26 4.14.4 Surface noise/Aeration...................................................................................4-26 5. CUSTOMIZING YOUR UNIT.........................................................................5-1 5.1 General Setup........................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Radar Setup.............................................................................................................. 5-3 5.2.1 Radar display setup ........................................................................................ 5-3 5.2.2 Radar range setup.......................................................................................... 5-6 5.2.3 Function key setup.......................................................................................... 5-7 5.3 Plotter Setup ............................................................................................................. 5-9 5.3.1 Navigation options .......................................................................................... 5-9 5.3.2 Function key setup.........................................................................................5-10 5.4 Chart Setup..............................................................................................................5-12 5.4.1 Chart offset ....................................................................................................5-12 5.4.2 FURUNO, Nav-Charts™ chart attributes .......................................................5-13 5.4.3 C-MAP chart attributes...................................................................................5-16 5.5 Data Boxes Setup ....................................................................................................5-20 5.6 Hot Page Setup........................................................................................................5-21 5.7 Navigator Setup .......................................................................................................5-23 5.7.1 Navigation data source ..................................................................................5-23 5.7.2 GPS receiver setup (Set equipped with GP-310B).........................................5-24 5.7.3 TD display setup............................................................................................5-26 5.8 Nav Data Display Setup ...........................................................................................5-28 5.9 Sounder Setup.........................................................................................................5-29 5.9.1 System setup.................................................................................................5-29 5.9.2 Sensor setup..................................................................................................5-31 5.9.3 Sounding range, zoom range, bottom lock range...........................................5-32 5.9.4 Function key setup.........................................................................................5-33
vii 6. DATA TRANSFER.........................................................................................6-1 6.1 Memory Card Operations........................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 Formatting memory cards................................................................................ 6-1 6.1.2 Saving data to a memory card......................................................................... 6-2 6.1.3 Playing back data from a memory card ........................................................... 6-4 6.2 Uploading, Downloading Data ...................................................................................6-5 6.2.1 Setting communication software on the PC..................................................... 6-5 6.2.2 Uploading or downloading data....................................................................... 6-5 6.3 Loading Waypoint Data from Yeoman........................................................................ 6-8 6.4 Receiving Data Via Network Equipment ....................................................................6-9 6.5 Outputting Data Through the Network......................................................................6-10 7. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING......................................................7-1 7.1 Preventive Maintenance ............................................................................................ 7-1 7.2 Replacement of Fuse................................................................................................. 7-2 7.3 Replacement of Battery ............................................................................................. 7-2 7.4 Simple Troubleshooting ............................................................................................. 7-3 7.4.1 General ........................................................................................................... 7-3 7.4.2 Radar .............................................................................................................. 7-4 7.4.3 Plotter.............................................................................................................. 7-5 7.4.4 Sounder .......................................................................................................... 7-6 7.5 Diagnostics................................................................................................................7-7 7.5.1 Memory I/O test............................................................................................... 7-7 7.5.2 Test pattern ................................................................................................... 7-10 7.5.3 Keyboard, remote controller test.................................................................... 7-11 7.6 GPS Status Display ................................................................................................. 7-12 7.7 Clearing Memories................................................................................................... 7-13 7.8 Error Messages ....................................................................................................... 7-14 APPENDIX ......................................................................................................AP-1 Menu Overview............................................................................................................... AP-1 Geodetic Chart List....................................................................................................... AP-12 World Time Chart.......................................................................................................... AP-13 Icons............................................................................................................................. AP-14 SPECIFICATIONS...........................................................................................SP-1 INDEX............................................................................................................... IN-1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
viiiFOREWORD A Word to the Owner of the MODEL1722/1722C Series Marine Radar FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the MODEL1722/1722C Series Marine Radar. We are confident you will discover why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability. For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and reliability throughout the world. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers. Your radar is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly installed and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the operation and maintenance procedures set forth in this manual. We would appreciate feedback from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes. Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO.
FOREWORD ix Features The MODEL1722/1722C series work within our new product-network system called the “NavNet.” Each product has an IP address to communicate with NavNet compatible products within the network, using TCP/IP protocol through an Ethernet 10 Base-T network. The main features are ! Bright 7” screen visible even under direct sunlight. ! User friendly operation with combination of discrete keys, soft keys and cursor pad. ! Accepts FURUNO and Nav-charts™ (NAVIONICS) or C-MAP charts. ! Fast chart redraw. ! Built-in NavNet interface circuit board. ! 12-channel GPS Receiver GP-310B with highly accurate position fixing optionally available. ! User programmable function keys. ! Video sounder picture available with connection to optional network sounder. ! ARP function (when connecting with MODEL1833/1833C series)
xSYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS All NavNet products incorporate a “network circuit board” to integrate each NavNet product on board through an optional LAN cable (Ethernet 10BASE-T). Each NavNet product is assigned an IP address to enable transfer of images between other NavNet products. For example, video plotter pictures can be transferred to a radar and vice versa. Pictures received via the NavNet may be adjusted at the receiving end. A NavNet system may consist of up to four display units and one ETR. For a system incorporating three or more products, a “hub” is required to process data. Single unit NavNet system Antenna Unit(ex. MODEL 1722/1722C)Network sounderETR-6/10NHeading sensorExternal buzzerPCEcho sounderE/SNavigatorGPS receiverGP-310B12-24 VDCOther NavNet unit(GD-1700 etc.)Rectifier*PR-62RU-3423Ship's mains100/110/220/230 VAC1φ, 50/60 Hz*PR-62: MODEL1722/1722C/1732/1732C RU-3423: MODEL1742/1742C/1762/1762CDisplay UnitRDP-130 (monochrome)RDP-131 (color)RemoteControllerRMC-100 Single-unit NavNet system
xiTwo-unit NavNet system Antenna Unit GP-310BRadar dataPlotter data Two-unit NavNet system Three-or more unit NavNet system (Max. 4 NavNet capable display units) Antenna Unit GP-310BHUBNetwork sounderETR-6/10NSounder dataRadar data Plotter dataNote: The picture disappears10 seconds after the NavNetcable is disconnected from a"sub" NavNet display unit. Three-or more unit NavNet system
1-11. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW This chapter provides basic information needed to get you started using your radar. The follow topics are presented: • Control overview • Chart card insertion • Power on/off • Contrast, brilliance and hue (Color series only) adjustments • Display selection • Data boxes • Function keys • Simulation display NOTICEThe brilliance of the LCD is adjustableto match a wide variety of lightingconditions. However, its maximumsetting may not be sufficiently brightto permit viewing of the display withpolarized sunglasses.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-21.1 Operating Controls 1.1.1 Display unit controls Overview of display unit controls The radar systems are mainly operated with controls of the display unit (and remote controller). Ten keys are labeled and they provide the function shown on their labels. The five soft keys provide various functions according to current operating mode. The [ENTER] knob mainly functions to register selections on the menu and enter alphanumeric data. The cursor pad’s main function is to move the cursor across the screen. Whenever you operate a key, a single beep confirms operation. Invalid operation causes the unit to emit three beeps. Cursor padSelects menu items and options;shifts cursor. Press, release andpress again to change settingconsecutively. Selects display mode.Soft keysMomentary press:Registers own ship’s position as a waypoint.Press three seconds:Marks man overboard position.Opens/closes the main menu.Displays the soft keys for EBL/VRM.Radar: Displays the soft keys for adjustment ofgain, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and FTC.Sounder: Adjusts gain.Long press: Turns power on/off.Momentary press: Opens the display for adjustment of brilliance,etc. For radar, switches STBY and TX.ENTER knobPush: Registers options on menus.Rotate: Selects character; adjusts sensitivity(sounder, radar); chooses menu items and options.Clears data; erases selected mark.Opens/closes the alarm menu.Shows or hides the softkeys, function keys,nav data alternately.Chart slotSelects a range. Control panel
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-3Soft keys The five soft keys’ functions change according to the operation. Their labels for their current functions are shown on the screen to the left of the keys. To hide or show the soft keys, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key. Each press of the key shows preset soft keys, user function keys or turns off navigation information (at the top of the screen). SOFTKEYS Display unit Some soft keys show the current state of the soft key function in reverse video as shown below. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPSIGNALPROCESS+ 359.9°R 0.24nmRETURNE. AVG*OFFI. REJLOWPULSESHORTE. STRLOWCurrent option shown in reverse video*: Only when MODEL 1833/C series are used as radar source. Plotter display
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-4 [ENTER] knob The [ENTER] knob functions to • Register data • Enter alphanumeric data such as waypoint name • Select menu items and options • Adjust setting Clockwise rotation of the knob selects an alphabet, symbol or numeric, in one of the sequences shown below. After you have selected desired alphanumeric character push the [ENTER] knob to register your selection. [ENTER] knob ENTER knob Alphabet, symbol, numeric A ! B ! C ! D ! E ! F ! G ! H ! I ! J ! K ! L ! M ! N ! O ! P ! Q ! R ! S ! T ! U ! V ! W ! X ! Y ! Z ! & ! _ ! ’ ! # ! 0 ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 Numerics 0 ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-51.1.2 Remote controller SAVERANGEDISP MOBABC1DEF2GHIMNO4JKLSTU7VWX6598YZ&PQR0GAIN’#EBL / VRMENTWPTMARKENTCNTLCENTERALARMSK3SK1 SK2HIDE / SHOWSK4 SK5TX / STBYBRILLCLEARTONEMENUACQ3Operating distance90°: Up to 5 m±45°: Up to 3 mReplace the batteries (AA) when the distance from which the displayunit can be operated shortens.Note: The remote controller maybecome damaged if dropped.Mishandling of the remotecontroller is not covered bythe warranty. Remote controller Key Function Key Function RANGE Same as RANGE key on display unit. CLEAR Same as CLEAR key on display unit. DISP Same as DISP key on display unit. MENU Same as MENU key on display unit. SAVE MOB Same as SAVE MOB key on display unit. BRILL Adjusts display brilliance. Ten keys Enter alphanumerics. TONE Adjusts display contrast. EBL/VRM Same as EBL/VRM key on display unit. TX/STBY Toggles radar between standby and transmit. GAIN Same as GAIN key on display unit. ACQ Acquires radar target. (Requires radar source equipped with ARP.) WPT Displays “alphabet” WPT list on plotter display. ALARM Same as ALARM key on the display unit. MARK ENT Same as MARK ENTRY soft key. HIDE/SHOW Same as HIDE/SHOW key on display unit. CENTER Returns own ship to screen center on plotter display. SK1 – SK5 (soft keys) Same as soft keys on display unit. CNTL Switches control between displays on combination displays. ENT Same as ENTER knob on display unit.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-6 1.2 Inserting a Chart Card Your unit reads FURUNO and Nav-Charts™ (NAVIONICS), or C-MAP chart cards, depending on its specifications. Insert the appropriate chart card for your area as follows: 1. Open the chart card slot lid. Chart slot Display unit 2. Insert desired chart card groove side up. 3. Close the lid to protect the chart drive. Note 1: Do not insert or remove the chart card while turning power on. This may cause the equipment to freeze. Note 2: Do not remove a card while the chart is being drawn. This may cause the equipment to freeze. Note 3: A card remover is supplied to ease removal of chart cards. Attach the card remover to the right-hand side hole on the card and pull to remove card. You can leave the card remover attached to the card while the card is in the card slot - push the card remover leftward until it contacts the recessed area in the card. Note 4: For multiple display units, do not use the same chart card type in more than one display unit. Chart card and card remover
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-71.3 Turning the Unit On/Off Press the [POWER/BRILL] key to turn the unit on. A beep sounds and the equipment proceeds in the sequence shown below, displaying the product information screen, startup test results and the chart usage disclaimer, in that order. The startup test checks the ROM, RAM, internal battery and backup data for proper operation, displaying the results for each as OK or NG (No Good). If NG appears, an appropriate message appears on the screen. For any NG, try to press any key to go to the chart disclaimer screen, then perform the diagnostic test referring to the paragraph “7.6 Diagnostics.” RADAR PLOTTER STATION NAME: RADARFURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.CHARTS AVAILABLEFLYBRDG = ANB01004RADAR = ANB01003 STARTUP TESTROM OKRAM OKINTERNAL BATTERY OKBACKUP DATA OKNO NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHICOFFICE HAS VERIFIED THEINFORMATION IN THISCOASTLINE DATA CARD AND NONEACCEPT LIABILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OF REPRODUCTION ORANY MODIFICATIONS MADE THEREAFTER. THIS PRODUCT WITHTHIS COASTLINE DATA CARDDOES NOT REPLACE THE REQUIREMENT TO USE THEAPPROPRIATE PRODUCTS FORNAVIGATION ACCORDING TONATIONAL AND INTERNATIONALREGULATIONS.Product information Startup test Chart disclaimerPROGRAM No. 03591730**Host NameChart List** = Program version no. (Two program version numbers. One for NAVIO and one for C-MAP.) The magnetron in the antenna unit takes about one minutes and thirty seconds to warm up before the radar can be operated. The time remaining for warm up of the magnetron appears at the center of the display, counting down from 1:30 to 0:01. You may press any key at the chart disclaimer screen to show the last-used display, or wait several seconds to let the equipment do it for you. To turn the unit off, press and hold down the [POWER/BRILL] key until the screen goes dark (approx. 3 sec.). To protect the LCD attach the hard cover. Note that the network sounder will be turned off approx. three minutes after turning off the power. Note: You are asked if you want to start the simulation mode, which provides simulated operation of the equipment, the first time you turn on the power (or any time power is applied after a memory reset) the message shown below is displayed. Push the [ENTER] knob to start the simulation mode, or press the [CLEAR] key to start normal operation. For further details about the simulation mode, see the paragraph “1.8 Simulation Display.” STARTSIMULATION MODE?YES ... PUSH ENTER KNOBNO ... PUSH CLEAR KEY TO SKIP.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-8 1.4 Cursor Pad, Cursor The cursor pad mainly functions to shift the cursor, for measurement of range and bearing to a location (radar) and latitude and longitude position (plotter). Operate the cursor pad to shift the cursor. The cursor moves in the direction of the arrow or diagonal pressed, on the cursor pad. For the plotter display, the cursor can be turned off with the CENTER soft key. This also returns own ship marker to the screen center. 34° 22. 3456'N 272.4°M TRIP NU080° 22. 3456'E 15.9 nm 99.9 nmGOTOCURSORMODENTH UPCENTERMARKENTRY+Cursor dataL/L position,Range andbearing fromown ship tocursorCursor16.0nmD. BOX ON/ OFFCursorRadar display Plotter display.250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP+ 359.9°R 0.24nmRADARDISPLYNAV FUNCZOOM &D. BOXSIGNAL PROCTARGET Cursor, cursor data
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-91.5 Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Contrast, Hue You can adjust display brilliance, panel brilliance, contrast and hue (MODEL1722C series only) as shown below. 1.5.1 Display brilliance, panel brilliance 1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily. A set of soft keys for adjustment of brilliance, contrast and hue (MODEL1722C series only) appear. The last-used adjustment window appears. In the example below the display brilliance adjustment window is shown. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP.250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP MODEL1722C series MODEL1722 seriesPANEL BRILLCONTST /HUERETURNDISPLAY BRILLIANCE8PANEL BRILLCONTSTBRILLCONTSTRETURNDISPLAY BRILLIANCE8Current selection is higtlighted.DISPLY BRILL DISPLY BRILLRADARSTBY RADARSTBYBRILLCONTST Brilliance adjustment soft keys 2. Press the DISPLY BRILL or PANEL BRILL soft key as appropriate. An adjustment window appears at the bottom of the screen. This window shows the name of the item selected for adjustment plus current brilliance level, by bar graph. DISPLAY BRILLIANCE8PANEL BRILLIANCE8Display brilliance Panel brilliance Display brilliance and panel brilliance windows 3. Adjust the [ENTER] knob, clockwise to raise the setting or counterclockwise to decrease it. You may also use the soft key pressed at step 2, in which case the item selected is adjusted cyclically, from low to high. Eight levels of display brilliance and panel brilliance are available. 4. Hit the RETURN soft key to finish. The display brilliance can be adjusted by pressing the [POWER/BRILL] key. If the unit is turned on with minimum display brilliance, press the [POWER/BRILL] key consecutively to adjust the brilliance.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-10 1.5.2 Contrast 1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily. 2. Press the CONTST (monochrome) or CONTST/HUE (color) soft key. 3. For MODEL1722C series, two soft keys appear at the pressing of the CONTST/HUE soft key: CONTST and HUE. Press the CONTST soft key to adjust the contrast. CONTRAST8 Contrast window 4. Adjust the [ENTER] knob, clockwise to raise the setting or counterclockwise to decrease it. You may also use the CONTST soft key, in which case the item selected is adjusted cyclically, from low to high. 16 levels (monochrome) and 10 levels (color) of contrast are available. 5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish. 1.5.3 Hue (MODEL1722C series) 1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentary. 2. Press the CONTST/HUE soft key. 3. Press the HUE soft key to show the hue setting window. HUE▲ DAYNIGHTTWILIGHTMANUAL SET▼ Hue window 4. Operate the cursor pad or [ENTER] knob to select hue desired, referring to the table below. MANUAL SET follows the color settings on the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP for the radar, CHART DETAILS menu for the plotter and SOUNDER MENU for the sounder. Day Night Twilight Applicable mode Characters Black Red Green Plotter, radar, sounder Radar ring Green* Red Green* Radar Radar echo Orange Red Yellow Radar Background White Black Blue Plotter, radar Landmass Yellow Light Yellow Dim Yellow Radar *: Red on C-map 5. Hit the RETURN soft key to finish. Note: When using the overlay screen, the own ship track will be hidden if the radar background and own ship track are blue and the “MANUAL” hue setting is used. In this case, set HUE to other position and then return to “MANUAL” to show the own ship track in black.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-111.6 Selecting a Display 1.6.1 Display modes If you have a navigator and network sounder connected, four full-screen displays are available: radar, plotter, and video sounder and navigation data. (MODEL1722C series have five screens, those mentioned above plus the overlay screen.) In addition to the full-screen display, you can divide the screen into half-screen combination displays to show two sets of images (data). Full screen(Ex. radar) Combination screen(Ex. radar + sounder) Overlay screen(Radar and plotter, color model only. Requires L/L data) Display screens The table below shows the displays available with each screen type. Screen type and available display screen Full screen Combination screen options Overlay screen options (Color series only) Radar, plotter, sounder, nav data Radar, plotter, echo sounder, compass, highway, compass/highway, nav data, overlay Radar + plotter
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-12 1.6.2 Selecting a display 1. Press the [DISP] key to show the full-screen selection window. The icons of modes not available are marked with “X” mark. PAGE1-PAGE5 are user-arrangeable displays called “hot pages,” which you can configure as you like. For further details, see “5.5 Hot Page Setup.” PAGE1 PAGE2 PAGE3 PAGE4 PAGE5RADAR PLOT SNDR NAV OVRLY· TURN KNOB TO SELECT MODE AND PUSH KNOB TO ENTER.· PUSH ANY SOFT KEY TO SELECT IMAGE SOURCE.Basic displayscreensHot pages Full-screen selection window (“overlay” for color model) 2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select a basic display screen or a hot page screen. 3. Push the [ENTER] knob. If you selected a basic display screen, a set of combination display screens corresponding to the basic display screen that was selected appear. In the example below, radar combination displays are shown. PUSH ENTER KNOB. Radar combination screen selection window 4. Operate the [ENTER] knob to select the combination screen display desired and push it to set.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-131.6.3 Switching control in combination and overlay screens A soft key is provided in relevant combination and overlay screens (color series only) to switch control between displays. In the example below, the RADAR CNTRL and PLOTTR CNTRL soft keys enable switching control between the radar and plotter screens in the plotter/radar combination display. + 359.9° R 11.7nmFISHWP-002 34° 22. 3456'N 359.9°M TRIP NU080° 22. 3456'E 19.9 kt 99.9 nmMARK ENTRYMODENTH UPNAV POSPLOTTRCCNTRLPLOTTRCNTRLCNTLRADARRADARCNTRLTo adjustplotterTo adjustradarRadar display selected Plotter display selected16.0nm12 3nmLPH-UP+ 359.9° R 11.7nmFISHWP-002 34° 22. 3456'N 359.9°M TRIP NU080° 22. 3456'E 19.9 kt 99.9 nm16.0nm12 3nmLPH-UPSIGNAL PROC.RADARCNTRLRADAR DISPLYNAV FUNCTARGETST-BY ST-BY How to switch control between modes in the plotter/radar combination display
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-14 1.6.4 Selecting radar source When other network radar is connected to the equipment, you may select an image source as shown below. This is not necessary when no other network radar is connected. Select one host name for the source though there are two or three radar units on the net. Note: Turn the power off whenever changing the source. 1. Press the [DISP] key. 2. Press any soft key to show the following display. RADAR SOURCERADAR - - - SOUNDER SOURCE* SOUNDER-IP ADDRESS172.031.003.001HOST NAMERADAR - - - ▲SELECTSOURCEEDITRETURNIF THERE IS MORE THANONE NETWORK RADAR ORECHO SOUNDER, YOU MAYSELECT THE IMAGESOURCES FOR DISPLAY.*: Do not change this setting. Select source menu 3. Use the cursor pad to select RADAR SOURCE and press the EDIT key. RADAR SOURCERADAR - - - Radar source Radar source and sounder source windows 4. Use the cursor pad and [ENTER] knob to enter source host name: ◄ or ► to select position and rotate the [ENTER] knob to select character. 5. Press the [ENTER] soft key or [ENTER] knob. 6. Confirm that the correct host name is entered. 7. Press the [DISP] key to finish. 8. Turn the power off and on again. Note: Sources names are determined at installation. For example, the source names for radars in a two radar system might be “RADAR” and “RADAR1”.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-151.7 Data Boxes Data boxes, providing navigation data, may be shown on any full-screen display. Up to six data boxes (two in case of large characters) may be shown, and the default data boxes are position (in latitude and longitude), course over ground, speed over ground, trip log and cursor position. The user may choose which data to display, where to locate it, and show or hide it as desired. In addition, data boxes may be set independently for each display mode (radar, plotter, sounder). For how to select data for the data boxes, see paragraph “5.5 Data Boxes Setup”. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPData boxesMODENTH UPNAV POSMARKENTRYD.BOXON /OFFTRIP LOG 177nmPOSITION 47° 58.535'N 122° 36.496'WCOG 323.6°MSOG 20.0 kt350.4°M0.000 nm Plotter display, showing data boxes 1.7.1 Showing, hiding data boxes with soft key Radar: ZOOM & D. BOX → D. BOX ON/OFF (EBL/VRM data box, cursor data box also shown/hidden) Plotter: D. BOX ON/OFF Sounder: AUTO/D. BOX→D. BOX ON/OFF 1.7.2 Rearranging data boxes You may select the location for data boxes as follows: 1. Using the cursor pad, move the cursor to the data box you wish to move. As the cursor enters the box it changes to a hand. Push the [ENTER] knob, and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected. 2. Use the cursor pad to drag the data box to the location desired and push the [ENTER] knob. 1.7.3 Temporarily erasing a data box You may temporarily erase a data box. Use the cursor pad to place the cursor inside the data box you wish to erase and press the [CLEAR] key. To redisplay the box, press the ZOOM & D.BOX soft key D.BOX soft key to display it.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-16 1.8 Function Keys The function keys provide for one-touch call up of a desired function. The default function key settings are as shown in the table below. Default Setting, Key Label Function Key Radar Plotter Echosounder #1 Heading line on/off, HL Track on/off, TRK TLL output, TLL #2 Rings on/off, RNG Edit mark/line, EML Clutter, CLT #3 Echo trail, TRL Ruler, RUL Signal level, SLV #4 Offcenter, SFT Add new waypoint, ADD Noise limiter, NL #5 Radar source, RSR Waypoint alphanumeric list, ALP Picture advance, PA 1.8.1 Executing a function 1. Press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to replace the preset soft key labels with the function key labels. 34° 22. 3456'N 359.9°M TRIP NU080° 22. 3456'E 19.9 kt 99.9 nm BRIDGEFISH002WPFunction keysTRKEMLRULADDALpPlotter 16.0nm.250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPFunction keysTARGET+ 359.9°R 0.24nmHLRNGTRLSFTRSRRadar Function keys 2. Press function key desired. Note: Function keys can be individually programmed for the radar, plotter and sounder displays. For further details see the following: Radar: paragraph 5.2.3 Plotter: paragraph 5.3.2
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-171.9 Simulation Display The simulation display, for use by service technicians for demonstration purposes, provides simulated operation to help acquaint you with the many features your unit has to offer. It allows you to view and control a simulated plotter, radar and sounder picture, without position-fixing equipment, network radar or a network sounder. Most controls are operative, thus you may practice setting destination, enter waypoints, measure range and bearing to a target, etc. The simulation icon (S I M ) appears when any simulation mode is active. To start the simulation display; 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Press the SYSTEM CONFIGURATION, SYSTEM SETUP and SIMULATION SETUP soft keys in that order. SIM SETUPEDITRETURNRADAR LIVEPLOTTERLIVESOUNDERLIVESPEED00.0ktCOURSE000.0°LATITUDE45°35.000’NLONGITUDE123°00.000’WSTART DATE & TIME00:00 01.APR.01RADAR SIMULATION DATANO Simulation setup menu 2. Follow appropriate procedure shown below. Radar Internally generated echoes 1. Select RADAR, then press the EDIT soft key. RADAR▲SIMULATION 1SIMULATION 2LIVE▼ 2. Select SIMULATION 1 and press the [ENTER] knob. 3. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-18 Antenna unit-generated echoes 1. Select RADAR SIMULATION DATA, then press the EDIT soft key. 2. Select YES and push the [ENTER] knob to erase simulation data and get new data. The message “Now getting demo data. Do not turn off display unit.” appears while the unit is receiving radar data. Note: If the network radar could not be found “Radar source is not found. Cannot get demo data.” appears. Wait one minute after the message disappears. Actual time may be longer depending on the system configuration. And if the radar is not active, the message “Radar is not active. Cannot get demo data.” is displayed. Check that the radar is plugged in and its signal cable is firmly fastened. 3. Select RADAR, then press the EDIT soft key. 4. Select SIMULATION 2, then press the [ENTER] knob. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. Plotter 1. Select PLOTTER, then press the EDIT soft key. PLOTTER▲SIMULATION LIVE▼ 2. Select SIMULATION, then press the [ENTER] knob. 3. Select SPEED and press the EDIT soft key. 4. Enter speed (setting range, 0-99 kt, default speed, 0 kt) with the alphanumeric keys and push the [ENTER] knob. 5. Select COURSE and press the EDIT key. 6. Select “8 FIGURE” to trace the simulated ship’s track in a figure-eight course, or enter your own course at DIRECTION. Use the trackball to select digit and enter value with the alphanumeric keys. 7. Press the ENTER soft key. 8. Select LATITUDE and press the EDIT soft key. 9. Enter latitude (setting range, 85°N-85°S, default setting, 45°35.000’N) and push the [ENTER] knob. 10. Select LONGITUDE and press the EDIT soft key. 11. Enter longitude (setting range, 180°E-180°W, default setting, 125°00.000’W) and push the [ENTER] knob. 12. Select START DATE & TIME and push the EDIT soft key. 13. Enter start date and time and push the [ENTER] knob. 14. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 1-19Sounder 1. Select SOUNDER, then press the EDIT soft key. SOUNDER▲SIMULATION 1SIMULATION 2LIVE▼ 2. Select SIMULATION 1 (internally generated echoes) or SIMULATION 2 (network sounder-generated echoes), then press the [ENTER] knob. Note 1: If the network sounder could not be found “Sounder source is not found. Cannot get simulation data.” appears. And if the sounder is not active, the message “Sounder is not active. Cannot get simulation data.” is displayed. Check that the sounder is plugged in and its signal cable is firmly fastened. Note 2: The gain, shift, range and mode of the SIMULATION 1 mode picture cannot be adjusted. 3. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2-1 2. RADAR OPERATION This chapter covers radar operation, including the ARP (Automatic Plotter) function. ARP requires connection of MODEL1833/1833C series network radar equipped with the ARP circuit board. 2.1 Radar Display Cursor359.9°R0.18nmH-UP. / 319.9°M .125nm SPTRAIL 30m02m30sG1 ING2 OUTES LEAV LIR L.250Range/range ring intervalPresentation modeAlarm iconBattery iconZoom areaZoomwindowGuard zone 1Trail timeTrail elapsed timeGuard zone 1Guard zone 2Echo stretchEcho averaging*Interference rejectorGuard zone 2VRM2EBL1VRM1EBL2Range ringPulselengthHeadingM: MagneticT: TrueHeading lineEBL1 rangeVRM1 rangeCursor rangeand bearing(Cursor position mayalso be shown, inL/L or Loran C TD.)EBL2 bearing, VRM2 rangeEBL1 27.0°RVRM1 0 .158nmEBL2 327.1°RVRM2 0 .225nm* = Radar source Model 1833/1833C series radarOwn ship vector* (ARP-equipped model,true vector mode)North marker Radar display
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-2 2.2 Transmitting, Stand-by 1. Turn the power on. The products information appears and is then followed by the radar screen. You can display the radar screen at once by pressing the any key. 2. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily. 3. Press the RADAR STBY soft key to highlight TX on its label. 4. When the radar picture is not required, but you want to keep it in a state of readiness, press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily followed by RADAR TX soft key. 5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish. 2.3 Tuning The radar receiver can be tuned automatically or manually, and the default tuning method is automatic. To adjust manually or switch to automatic tuning, do the following: 1. Press the [MENU] key to display the main menu. 2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key. 3. Select TUNING and press the EDIT soft key. AUTOMANTUNINGTuning bar Tuning window 4. Choose MAN or AUTO as appropriate. 5. For manual tuning, adjust the [ENTER] knob until the tuning bar is at its longest position. 6. Press the RETURN soft key. 7. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. Note: If the auto setting does not provide satisfactory tuning, see the installation manual for how to adjust tuning. 2.4 Adjusting the Gain The [GAIN] key adjusts the sensitivity of the radar receiver. It works in a manner similar to the volume control of a broadcast receiver, which amplifies received signals. The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen. If your gain setting is too low, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand excessive gain yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-3 To adjust the receiver gain, transmit on long range, and then do the following: 1. Press the [GAIN] key. The last-used “adjustment window” is displayed. In the example below, the gain sensitivity adjustment is shown. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPGAINADJUST + 359.9°R0.24nmGAINA/CSEAA/CRAINFTCRETURNGAIN SENSITIVITY AUTO ROUGH AUTO MODERATE AUTO CALM MAN0Item selected for adjustment is highlighted. Gain adjustment soft keys 2. If the gain sensitivity window is not displayed, press the GAIN soft key to show it. GAIN SENSITIVITY AUTO ROUGH AUTO MODERATE AUTO CALM MAN 0 Gain sensitivity window 3. Press ▲ or ▼ to select AUTO ROUGH, AUTO MODERATE, AUTO CALM, or MAN (manual) as appropriate. Select an AUTO option according to the sea state. 4. For manual adjustment, rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust. The range of adjustment is 0-100(%). 5. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or the RETURN soft key to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-4 2.5 Reducing Sea Clutter 2.5.1 How the A/C SEA works Echoes from waves can be troublesome, covering the central part of the display with random signals known as “sea clutter”. The higher the waves and the higher the antenna is above the water, the further the clutter will extend. Sea clutter may affect radar performance because real targets are sometimes hidden by the echoes of small waves. (See the left-hand figure in the figure below.) When sea clutter masks the picture, adjust the A/C SEA to reduce the clutter. The A/C SEA reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges (where clutter is the greatest) and progressively increases amplification as the range increases, so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter. A/C SEA adjusted;sea clutter suppressedSea clutter atscreen center Effect of A/C SEA 2.5.2 Adjusting A/C SEA A/C SEA should be adjusted so that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable. 1. Press the [GAIN] key. 2. Press the A/C SEA soft key to show the A/C SEA setting window. A/C SEA AUTO ROUGH AUTO MODERATE AUTO CALM MANModel 1722/C series radarA/C SEAModel 1833/C series radar00 A/C SEA setting window 3. When the radar source is the Model 1722/C series radar, press ▲ or ▼ to select AUTO ROUGH, AUTO MODERATE, AUTO CALM, or MAN (manual) as appropriate. Select an AUTO option according to sea state. 4. For manual adjustment, rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust while observing radar echoes. The range of adjustment is 0-100(%). Do not overadjust the A/C SEA – weak target echoes may be missed.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-55. When the radar source is the Model 1833/C series radar, A/C SEA and A/C RAIN can be automatically adjusted. Press the A/C AT soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate. When turned on, it overrides A/C SEA and A/C RAIN settings. 6. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish. 2.6 Reducing Precipitation Clutter The vertical beamwidth of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow, hail, etc.) in the same manner as normal targets. Precipitation clutter shows as random dots on the screen. 2.6.1 Adjusting the A/C RAIN When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the A/C RAIN. This split up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier. 1. Press the [GAIN] key. 2. Press the A/C RAIN soft key to show the A/C RAIN window. A/C RAIN0 A/C RAIN setting window 3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust the A/C RAIN affect. The current level is shown on the A/C RAIN level bar in the A/C RAIN window, and the range of adjustment is 0 to 100(%). Do not overadjust the A/C RAIN – weak target echoes may be missed. 4. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-6 2.6.2 Adjusting the FTC To suppress rain clutter from heavy storms or scattered rain clutter, adjust the FTC. The FTC splits up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier. Note: In addition to reducing clutter, the FTC can be used in fine weather to clarify the picture when navigating in confined waters. However, with the circuit active the receiver is less sensitive. Therefore, turn off the FTC, by setting it for “0”, when its function is not required. FTC is available when the radar source is the MODEL1722 series radar. 1. Press the [GAIN] key. 2. Press the FTC soft key to show the FTC window. FTC0 FTC setting window 3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust. The range of adjustment is 0-100(%). Do not overadjust the FTC – weak target echoes may be missed. 4. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-72.7 Range Scale The range setting determines the size of the area (in nautical miles) that will appear on your display. in addition, the range setting will also automatically adjust the range ring interval so that accurate range measurements may be made while operating on any range setting. The range, range ring interval and pulselength appear at the top left-hand corner of the display. Press the [RANGE (+ or -)] key to change the range scale. Range scales (nm, sm) Range 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 64 Ring Interval 0.0625 0.125 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 12 12 16 No. of Rings 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 Range scales (km) Range 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 64Ring Interval 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 12 12 16No. of Rings 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 Note 1: Maximum range depends on the network radar as shown below. Model 1722, 1722C: 24 nm Model 1732, 1732C, 1742, 1742C, 1752, 1752C, 1833, 1833C: 36 nm Model 1762, 1762C, 1933, 1933C: 48 nm Model 1943, 1943C: 64 nm Note 2: You may choose which ranges to use from the RADAR RANGE SETUP menu. For details see paragraph 5.2.2.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-8 2.8 Pulselength The pulselength in use is displayed at the upper left corner of the display. Appropriate pulselengths are preset to individual range scales. Therefore, you are not usually required to select them. If you are not satisfied with the current pulselength setting, however, it is possible to change it for the 1.5 and 3 nm (sm) ranges (3 and 6 kilometer ranges) as below. Generally, select a longer pulse for longer detection range and shorter pulse for better range discrimination. 1.5 nm, 1.5 sm, 3 km: Short pulse, medium pulse 3 nm, 3 sm, 6 km: Middle pulse, long pulse 1. Press HIDE/SHOW to show soft the radar soft keys. 2. Set the range to 1.5 or 3 nm, whichever you want to set. 3. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key. 1.5/ 319.9°M .500nm SPH-UPSIGNALPROCESS+ 359.9°R 1.40nmRETURNE. AVGOFFI. REJLOWPULSESHORTE. STRLOWShown when radarsource is the Model1833/C seriesnetwork radar. Notshown otherwise. Signal process soft keys 3. Press the PULSE soft key to select the pulselength setting. SHORT or MEDIUM for 1.5 nm, 1.5 sm, 3 km and MEDIUM or LONG for 3 nm, 3 sm, 6 km. 4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-92.9 Presentation Mode This unit provides four radar presentation modes: head-up, course-up, north-up and true motion. Heading data is required for modes other than head-up. (When you use the network radar, input the radar source.) 2.9.1 Selecting a presentation mode 1. Press HIDE/SHOW to show soft the radar soft keys. 2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key to show the RADAR DISPLAY soft keys. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPRADARDISPLAY+ 359.9°R0.24nmSHIFTHL OFFRETURNMODEHD UPRINGSON /OFFRADARDISPLAY+ 359.9°R0.24nmSHIFTHL OFFRETURNMODEHD UPRINGS MEDMODEL1722C series MODEL1722 series.250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPCurrentmode setting Radar display soft keys 3. Press the MODE soft key. Each pressing of the key changes the presentation mode and the presentation mode indication in the sequence of North-up, True Motion, Head-up, and Course-up. 4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish. Note: When heading data is lost, the presentation mode automatically goes to head-up, the heading indication at the screen top shows “- - -.-°” and the audio alarm sounds. Press the [ALARM] key to acknowledge the alarm. The message “HEADING DATA MISSING” appears. Restore compass signal to show heading indication. Use the MODE soft key to select presentation mode if necessary. The audio alarm may be silenced with the [CLEAR] key.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-10 2.9.2 Description of presentation modes Head-up (HU) A display without azimuth stabilization in which the line connecting the center with the top of the display indicates own ship’s heading. The targets are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to own ship’s heading. The short line on the bearing scale is the north marker. Heading LineNorth Marker Head-up presentation mode Course-up (CU) The radar picture is stabilized and displayed with the currently selected course at the top of the screen. As you change heading, the ship’s heading marker moves. If you select a new course, the picture resets to display the new course at the top of the display. Heading LineNorth Marker Course-up presentation mode
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-11North-up (NU) In the north-up mode, targets are painted at their measured distances and in their true (compass) directions from own ship. North is maintained at the top of the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to the ship’s heading. Heading LineNorth North-up presentation mode True motion (TM) Fixed radar targets maintain a constant position on the screen, while your own ship moves across the radar image at the correct speed and heading. A map-like image is displayed, with all moving vessels traveling in true perspective to each other and to fixed landmasses. As your ship’s position approaches the edge of the screen, the radar display is automatically reset to reveal the area ahead of your ship. You can manually reset your ship’s position at any time by pressing the RADAR DISPLAY soft key followed by the SHIFT soft key. Heading LineNorth True motion presentation mode
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-12 2.10 Measuring the Range You can measure the range to a radar target three ways: by the range rings, by the cursor, and by the VRM (Variable Range Marker). 2.10.1 Measuring range by range rings Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring. To turn the range rings on, do the following: 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys. 2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPRADARDISPLAY+ 359.9°R0.24nmSHIFTHL OFFRETURNMODEHD UPRINGSON /OFFRADARDISPLAY+ 359.9°R0.24nmSHIFTHL OFFRETURNMODEHD UPRINGS MEDMODEL1722C series MODEL1722 series.250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP Radar display soft keys 3. Press the RINGS soft key to select ON (MODEL1722 series) or desired brilliance (MODEL1722C series) among LOW, MED and HIGH. 4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-132.10.2 Measuring range by cursor Operate the cursor pad to place the cursor intersection on the inside edge of the radar target. The range to the target, as well as the bearing, appears to the right of “+” at the bottom of the display. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP+ 4.3°R0.240nmSIGNAL PROC.RADARDISPLYNAV FUNCTARGETZOOM &D. BOXCursorTargetBearing and range from ownship to cursor position How to measure range and bearing to a target with the cursor
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-14 2.10.3 Measuring range by VRM 1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to display the EBL/VRM soft keys. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPEBLVRM+ 359.9°R 0.240nm EBL1ONVRM1ONOFFSETEBL2ONVRM2ON EBL/VRM soft keys 2. Press the VRM1 ON (dotted ring VRM) or VRM2 ON (dashed ring VRM) soft key to select the desired VRM. The selected VRM’s indication, at the bottom of the screen, is highlighted. 3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob the place the VRM on the inside edge of a radar target. Read the VRM indication to find range to the target. 4. You may hide the EBL/VRM soft keys by pressing the [EBL/VRM] key. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPVRM1(Dotted line)VRM2(Dashed line)VRM1 rangeVRM2 rangeActive marker is highlighted.+ 359.9°R0.240nmEBLVRMEBL1 ONEBL1 ---.-°RVRM1 0.119nmEBL2 ---.-°RVRM2 0.242nmVRM1 ONOFFSETEBL2 ONVRM2 ON How to measure range with the VRM
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-152.10.4 Erasing a VRM, VRM indication Press appropriate VRM soft key and press the [CLEAR] key. The VRM is erased, and its indication becomes blank. 2.10.5 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes Press the EBL or VRM soft key associated with the EBL/VRM data box you wish to erase. Press the [CLEAR] key once or twice to erase the data box. 2.10.6 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes Press the ZOOM & D. BOX and D. BOX ON/OFF soft keys to show or hide the EBL/VRM data boxes. 2.10.7 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes When an EBL/VRM data box is obscuring a target that you need to see, you can move it to another location as shown below. This cannot be done when the EBL/VRM soft keys are shown. 1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to erase the EBL/VRM soft keys if shown. 2. Using the cursor pad, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As the cursor enters the box it changes to a “hand.” Push the [ENTER] knob, and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the data box is correctly selected. 3. Use the cursor pad to drag the data box to the location desired and push the [ENTER] knob. 2.11 Measuring the Bearing There are two ways to measure the bearing to a target: by the cursor, and by the EBL (Electronic bearing Line). 2.11.1 Measuring bearing by cursor Use the cursor pad to locate the cursor to the center of the target The bearing to the target appears in the range and bearing box at the bottom right-hand corner on the screen, next to the “+” mark. 2.11.2 Measuring bearing by EBL 1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key. 2. Press the EBL1 ON (dotted line EBL) or EBL2 ON (dashed line EBL) soft key to select the desired EBL. The selected EBL’s indication, at the bottom of the screen, is highlighted. 3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to bisect the radar target with the EBL. Read the EBL indication to find the bearing to the target 4. You may hide the EBL/VRM soft keys by pressing the [EBL/VRM] key.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-16 .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPEBL1(Dotted line)EBL2(Dashed line)EBL2 bearingActive marker is highlighted.+ 359.9°R0.24nmEBL1 bearingR: RelativeT: TrueEBLVRMEBL1 330.1°RVRM1 -.---nmEBL2 234.1°RVRM2 -.---nmEBL1 ONVRM1 ONOFFSETEBL2 ONVRM2 ON How to measure bearing with the EBL Note: Bearing can be shown Relative to ship’s heading (relative) or in reference to North (True). This setting may be changed by changing the EBL REFERENCE setting, which is in the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu. See the paragraph “5.2.1 Radar display setup.” 2.11.3 Erasing an EBL, EBL indication Press appropriate EBL soft key and press the [CLEAR] key. The EBL is erased and its indication becomes blank. 2.11.4 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes Press the EBL or VRM soft key associated with the EBL/VRM data box you wish to erase. Press the [CLEAR] key once or twice to erase the data box. 2.11.5 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes Press the ZOOM & D. BOX and D. BOX ON/OFF soft keys to show or hide the EBL/VRM data boxes. 2.11.6 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes When an EBL/VRM data box is obscuring a target that you need to see, you can move it to another location as shown below. This cannot be done when the EBL/VRM soft keys are shown. 1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to erase the EBL/VRM soft keys if appears. 2. Using the cursor pad, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As the cursor enters the box it changes to a “hand.” Push the [ENTER] knob, and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the data box is correctly selected. 3. Use the cursor pad to drag the data box to the location desired and push the [ENTER] knob.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-17 2.12 Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker The heading line indicates the ship's heading in all presentation modes. The heading line is a line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode; it changes its orientation depending on the ship orientation in north-up, course-up and true motion modes. The north marker appears as a short dashed line. In the head-up and course-up modes the north marker moves around the bearing scale as the ship’s heading moves. To temporarily erase the heading line and north marker, press the RADAR DISPLY soft key followed by the HL OFF soft key. Release the key to redisplay the markers. 2.13 Reducing Noise Noise, appearing on the displays as random “speckles,” can be reduced as follows: 1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu. 2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key. 3. Select NOISE REJECTION and press the EDIT soft key. 4. Select OFF, HIGH or LOW as appropriate. 5. Press the ENTER soft key or the [ENTER] knob. 6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-18 2.14 Reducing Radar Interference Radar interference may occur when near another shipborne radar that is operating in the same frequency band as your radar. Its on-screen appearance looks like many bright dots either scattered at random or in the form of dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the display. Interference effects are distinguishable from normal echoes because they do not appear in the same place on successive rotations of the scanner. Be sure to turn off the interference rejection circuit when no interference exists – weak targets may be missed. Radar interference 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys. 2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key. 1.5/ 319.9°M .500nm SPH-UPSIGNALPROCESS+ 359.9°R 0.240nmRETURNE. AVGOFFI. REJLOWPULSESHORTE. STRLOWShown when radarsource is the Model1833/C seriesnetwork radar. Notshown otherwise. Signal process soft keys 3. Press the I. REJ soft key to choose the interference rejection level desired; LOW, MED, HIGH or OFF. 4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish. The display shows IR L (Low), IR M (Medium) or IR H (High) when the interference rejecter is on.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-192.15 Zoom The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area selected with the zoom circle, which appears at the bottom right- or left-hand corner on the display. The zoom feature is available on any range but is inoperative in true motion and when the display is shifted. 2.15.1 Zooming in on radar targets 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys. 2. Press the ZOOM & D. BOX soft key to show ZOOM & D. BOX soft keys. 3. Press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select ON. A solid circle, called the “zoom circle,” appears on the display. 4. Use the cursor pad to set the cursor where you want to zoom. 5. Press the CURSOR FLOAT soft key to fix the zoom cursor position. (The solid circle changes to a dashed one.) 6. To release the cursor, press the CURSOR FLOAT soft key. (The dashed circle changes to a solid one.) Relocate the zoom cursor, then press the CURSOR LOCK key. 7. To quit the zoom function, press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select OFF. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPZoom circleZoom window+ 001.0°R0.160nmZOOM &D. BOXARPATGT ZMRETURNZOOMON /OFFD. BOXON/OFFCURSORFLOATRequires optionalARP Board in1833/1833C seriesnetwork radar.Not shown whenradar source isotherwise. Zoom 2.15.2 Zooming ARP, TTM targets You may zoom in on TTM targets coming into the display. TTM targets can come from a NAVNET connected RADAR, or from other ARP RADAR that is outputting the TTM message. Note: TTM stands for Tracked Target Message. It is a NMEA 0183 data sentence that is an available output from some ARP capable RADAR. TTM target numbers must be displayed to zoom in on tracked targets. This can be done by enabling the target ID number option in the ARP setup menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-20 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys. 2. Press the ZOOM/D.BOX soft key to show ZOOM & D.BOX soft keys. 3. Press the ZOOM soft key to select ZOOM ON. 4. Press the ARP TGT ZM soft key. SELECT TARGET NO.▲▼1 Target no. selection window 5. Use the [ENTER] knob to select number (1-10) and then push the [ENTER] knob. If the target does not exist several beep sounds and the zoom function is cancelled. To cancel, press the CURSOR LOCK soft key. Note: The zoom window blends in with the background when the background color for the radar picture is white. If the window is difficult to see change the background color. 2.16 Shifting the Picture Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced manually or automatically to expand the view field without switching to a larger scale. 2.16.1 Manual shift The sweep origin can be shifted in any presentation mode to a point specified by the cursor by up to 60% of the range in use in any direction. 1. Locate the cursor anywhere within the effective radius of the display. 2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys. 3. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key. 4. Press the SHIFT soft key. 5. Press the MANUAL soft key to shift. The heading line shifts to the cursor location. SHIFT appears at right-hand corner of the display. 6. Press the RETURN soft key to finish. 7. To cancel shift, press the RADAR DISPLY, SHIFT and OFF soft keys in that order.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-21 CursorPlace cursorwhere desired. Press the MANUAL soft key.SHIFT Shifting the picture manually 2.16.2 Automatic shift The amount of shift is automatically calculated with speed. The maximum shift amount is limited to 60% of the range in use. For example, if you set the shift speed setting for 15 knots and the ship is running at 10 knots, the amount of shift will be 40%. The formula for determining shift amount is as shown below. Ship's speed Shift speed setting X 0.6 = Amount of shift(%) Automatic shift mode is only available in the head-up mode. Setting automatic shift maximum speed 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys. 2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key. 3. Press the SHIFT soft key to show the shift soft keys. 4. Press the AUTO S.SPD soft key to display the auto ship speed setting window. AUTO SHIP SPEED 15 Auto ship speed setting window 5. Adjust the cursor pad or [ENTER] knob to set the maximum speed of your vessel and then push the [ENTER] knob or the ENTER soft key to set. The setting range is 1-999 kt and the default setting is 15 kt. Automatic shift Press the AUTO key to automatically shift the sweep origin. To cancel shift, press the RADAR DISPLAY, SHIFT and OFF soft keys.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-22 2.17 Using the Offset EBL The offset EBL can be used to predict a potential collision course, and can also be used to measure the range and bearing between two targets. 2.17.1 Predicting a collision course The procedure below may be used to check if a radar target is on a collision course with your vessel. 1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to show the EBL/VRM soft keys. 2. Press the EBL1 ON soft key to turn on the EBL1. 3. Press the OFFSET soft key. The origin of EBL1 moves to the cursor position and an “X” appears at the cursor position. 4. Use the cursor pad to place the cursor on the radar target which looks like it might be on a collision course with own ship. 5. Push the [ENTER] knob to fix the origin position. 6. After waiting for a few minutes (at least three minutes), rotate the [ENTER] knob so the EBL bisects the target at the new position. If the target tracks along the EBL towards the center of the display (your ship’s position), the target may be on a collision course. 7. To cancel the offset EBL, press the OFFSET soft key. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPInitial targetpositionTarget trackedhere+ 359.9°R .0.240nmEBLVRMEBL1 ONVRM1 ONOFFSETEBL2 ONVRM2 ONEBL1 45.0°RVRM1 -.---nm Predicting collision course with the offset EBL
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-232.17.2 Measuring range & bearing between two targets The procedure which follows shows how to measure the range and bearing between two targets, using the targets “A” and “B” in the figure below as an example. 1. Operate the cursor pad to place the cursor on the target “A”. 2. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to show the EBL/VRM soft keys. 3. Press the EBL1 ON soft key to turn on the EBL1. 4. Press the OFFSET soft key. The origin of EBL1 and VRM1 moves to the cursor position, which is marked with an “X.” 5. Rotate the [ENTER] knob so the EBL bisects the target “B”. 6. Press the [ENTER] knob. 7. Press the VRM1 ON soft key and then rotate the [ENTER] knob to place the VRM1 on the inner edge of the target “B”. 8. Look at the indications for VRM1 and EBL1 to find the range and bearing between the two targets. 9. To cancel the offset EBL, press the OFFSET key. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP+ 359.9°R 0.24nmTarget ATarget BBearing and rangebetween target Aand target BEBLVRMEBL1 ONVRM1 ONOFFSETEBL2 ONVRM2 ONEBL1 45.0°RVRM1 0.125nm Measuring range and bearing between two targets
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-24 2.18 Echo Trails Echo trails are simulated afterglow of target echoes that represent their past movements relative to own ship. This function is useful for alerting you past possible collision situations. Echo trail Sample echo trails 2.18.1 Trail time 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys. 2. Press the TARGET soft key. 3. Press the TRAIL soft key. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UPHIGHMODEL1722C series MODEL1722 series+ 359.9°R 0.24nm+ 359.9°R0.24nmTRAILTRAIL TIMETRAIL COLORRETURNGRADSINGLETRAILTRAIL TIMERETURNBRILL HIGHTRAILON /OFFTRAILON /OFF Trail soft keys 4. Press the TRAIL TIME soft key to show the trail time window. TRAIL TIME▲15 seconds30 seconds1 minutes 3 minutes6 minutes15 minutes30 minutesCONTINUOUS▼ Trail time window
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-255. Use the cursor pad to select time desired. 6. Press the ENTER soft key to finish. 2.18.2 Starting echo trails 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the TARGET and TRAIL soft keys. 3. Press the TRAIL ON/OFF to select ON. 4. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish. “TRAIL,” the echo trail time selected and elapsed time appear at the top right-hand corner of the display. Then, afterglow starts extending from all targets. Trails are restarted when the range or mode is changed, and zoom or shift is turned on. For continuous trails the maximum continuous trail time is 99 minutes and 59 seconds. When the elapsed time clock counts up to that time, the elapsed time display resets to zero and trail begins again. To turn off echo trail, press the TRAIL ON/OFF soft key to select OFF at step 3 n the above procedure. Note: No echo trails are shown where a tx sector blanking area is set. 2.18.3 Trail brilliance (MODEL1722 series) Trail brilliance can be selected to high or low as below. 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the TARGET and TRAIL soft keys. 3. Press the BRILL soft key to select HIGH or LOW. 4. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish. 2.18.4 Trail gradation (MODEL1722C series) The echo trails can be shown in single or multiple gradations. Multiple gradation paints the trails thinner with time, like the afterglow on an analog PPI radar. 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the TARGET and TRAIL soft keys. 3. Press the GRAD soft key to select SINGLE or MULTI as appropriate. Multitone Monotone Multitone and monotone trails 4. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-26 2.18.5 Trail color (MODEL1722C series) The MODEL1722C series may be shown echo trails in blue, yellow, green or white. 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the TARGET, TRAIL and TRAIL COLOR soft keys. TRAIL COLOR▲BLUEYELLOWGREEN WHITE▼ Trail color window 3. Use the cursor pad to select the color desired. 4. Press the ENTER soft key. 5. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-272.19 Echo Stretch Normally, the reflected echoes from long range targets appear on the display as weaker and smaller blips even though they are compensated by the radar’s internal circuitry. The echo stretch function magnifies these small blips in all ranges. Two types of echo stretch are available: ES LOW which stretches echoes in bearing direction and ES HIGH which stretches them in both range and bearing directions. "LOW" Echo stretch "HIGH" Echo stretchBearingdirection BearingdirectionRangedirection Echo Stretch OFFTarget Types of echo stretch This function magnifies not only targets but also sea clutter and radar interference. For this reason, be sure sea clutter and radar interference are properly suppressed before activating the echo stretch. 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key. 3. Press the E. STR soft key to select HIGH, LOW or OFF as appropriate. 4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish. The display shows ES H (High) or ES L (Low) when the echo stretch is on.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-28 2.20 Echo Averaging The echo average feature, available with selection of a Model 1833/C series network radar as radar source, effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position during every rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions. To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echo average performs scan-to-scan correlation. Correlation is made by storing and averaging echo signals over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans resulting in the reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets from sea clutter. To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress sea clutter with the A/C SEA control and then do the following: 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key. 3. Press the E. AVG soft key to select desired echo averaging. OFF: No averaging LOW: Helps distinguish targets from sea clutter and suppresses brilliance of unstable echoes. MED: Distinguishes small stationary targets such as navigation buoys. HIGH: Stably displays distant targets. The display shows EAV L, EAV M or EAV H when echo averaging is on. (a) Echo average OFF (b) Echo average ON Effect of echo averaging 4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-292.21 Outputting TLL Data Target position data can be output to units of the network and shown on their plotter screen, with the TTL mark (X). This function requires position and heading data. 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Operate the cursor pad to place the cursor on the target whose position you wish to output. 3. Press the TARGET soft key. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP+ 359.9°R0.240nmTARGETTRAILTLLOUTPUTACQTARGET INFORETURNShown with selection of1833/C series networkradar equipped with ARPfunction as source. Not shown otherwise. TARGET soft keys 4. Press the TLL OUTPUT soft key to output target position data. 5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish. Note: The screen of the TLL recipient may be temporarily interrupted when receiving TLL from another NavNet display unit. Press any key to restore normal operation.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-30 2.22 Guard Alarm The guard alarm allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing for a guard zone. When ships, islands, landmasses, etc. violate the guard zone, an audio alarm sounds and the offending target blinks to call the operator’s attention. CAUTION• The alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations.• A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls should be properly adjusted to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes. 2.22.1 Setting a guard alarm zone To set a guard alarm zone, set the radar to transmit and do the following: 1. Press the [ALARM] key. 2. Use the cursor pad to set the cursor on the top left corner (or top right corner) of the guard zone you want to set, then press the SET GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key, depending on which guard zone you want to set. 3. Use the cursor pad to set the cursor on the bottom right corner (or top left corner) of the guard zone area and push the [ENTER] knob. 4. Press RETURN soft key to finish. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP.250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP 317.2°R0.230nmALARM 39.9°R .0.230nmVRM.125nm.032nmEBL 19.9TNO ALARM(1) Drag cursor to top (or bottom) cornerfor guard zone and press the SETGUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key. (2) Drag cursor diagonally to bottom (or top) corner for guard zone and press the [ENTER]knob. MOVE +CURSOR TOANOTHER CORNER OFGUARD1 AND PUSH KNOBTO SET.ALARMGUARD 1SETGUARD1ERASEGUARD1SETGUARD2RETURN++SETGUARD1SETGUARD2RETURN12 How to set a guard alarm zone
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-31The equipment then searches for targets inside the guard zone to determine the guard alarm type. If a target is found inside the guard zone the guard zone type becomes an “Outward guard alarm”, and any target exiting, the guard zone will trigger an alarm. If no target is found the guard zone type becomes an “Inward guard alarm”, and any targets entering the guard zone will trigger the alarm. The guard alarm type is shown as G1(G2) IN or G1(G2) OUT. Note 1: When the radar range is less than the guard zone range, the audio alarm sounds and the alarm icon is displayed (red on the color model). Press the [CLEAR] key to silence the alarm. Press the [ALARM] key and the message “GUARD1(2) IS OUTSIDE RADAR RANGE” appears. Reselect appropriate range. Note 2: If the network radar is set to standby while the guard alarm is active, the guard alarm is cancelled. The guard alarm is redisplayed when the radar is set to transmit again. Note 3: If the network radar is set to standby while the radar picture is not displayed, the alarm icon appears (red on the color model) and the alarm sounds. Press the [ALARM] key and the message “STBY MODE HAS BEEN SELECTED. GUARD/WTCHMN CANCELED.” or “GUARD/WATCHMAN CANCELED. STBY/TX SELECTED.” appears. 2.22.2 When the alarm is violated… Any radar target violating the guard zone will flash, the audio alarm sounds, and the alarm icon appears (red on the color model). Additionally the message “TARGET ENTERED INTO GUARD1(GUARD2)” or “TARGET LEFT FROM GUARD1(GUARD2)” is displayed at the bottom of the screen, depending on the guard zone type. Press the [CLEAR] key to silence the alarm. When this is done, “G1(G2) ACK” replaces G1(G2) IN(OUT) at the top right corner of the display. This means the alarm is temporarily deactivated. To reactivate the alarm, press the SET GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key as appropriate. 2.22.3 Canceling the guard alarm 1. Press the [ALARM] key to show the ALARM menu. 2. Press the ERASE GUARD1 or ERASE GUARD2 soft key as appropriate. 3. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-32 2.23 Watchman 2.23.1 How watchman works The watchman function periodically transmits radar pulses for one minute to check for targets in a guard zone. If a target is found in the zone, watchman is cancelled, the audio alarm sounds and the radar continues transmitting. If no target is found the radar goes into standby, for the number of minutes selected on the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu. This feature is useful when you do not need the radar’s function continuously but want to be alerted to radar targets in a specific area. “WTCH” appears at the top left corner when Watchman is active. ST-BY5,10or20 min Tx1 min Tx1 minWatchmanstarts5,10or20 minST-BY*** Beeps emitted just before radar transmits. How watchman works 2.23.2 Turning on/off watchman 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the NAV FUNC soft key. 3. Press the W. MAN ON/OFF soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate. 4. Press RETURN soft key to finish. Note: When the watchman is activated and no guard zone is active, the message “PLEASE SET GUARD ZONE. PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE.” appears. Press any key and then set a guard zone. 2.23.3 Setting watchman stand-by interval The watchman standby period interval, that is, the number of minutes the radar is in standby, can be set to 5, 10 or 20 minutes as follows: 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key. 3. Select WATCHMAN TIME and press the EDIT soft key. WATCHMAN TIME5 minutes10 minutes20 minutes Watchman window 4. Select time desired and press the ENTER soft key. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-332.24 Waypoint Marker A waypoint marker, showing waypoint position output from a navigation device, may be inscribed on the radar display. You may show or hide this marker as desired. .250/ 319.9°M .125nm SPH-UP+ 359.9°R0.24nmNAV FUNCRETURNW. MANON/OFFWPT MKON /OFFWaypoint marker+ Waypoint marker 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the NAV FUNC soft key. 3. Press the WPT MK ON/OFF soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate. 4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-34 2.25 ARP (option), TTM operation When the radar source is ARP-equipped Model 1833/C series network radar, you can manually and automatically acquire and track 10 targets. Once a target is acquired automatically or manually it is automatically tracked within 0.1 to 32 nm. When the FURUNO heading sensor PG-1000 is connected, RMC sentence (NMEA) is required for true heading data. Alternatively, you can display the tracks of other ships by receiving the data sentence “TTM” through the NETWORK or NMEA port. However, targets cannot be acquired. Usage precautions for ARP WARNINGNo one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew.The navigator has the responsibility tocheck all aids available to confirmposition. Electronic aids are nota substitute for basic navigationalprinciples and common sense.• This auto plotter automatically tracks an automatically or manually acquired radar target and calculates its course and speed, indicating them by a vector. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.• A target does not always mean a land- mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen. CAUTIONThe plotting accuracy and response ofthis auto plotter meets IMO standards.Tracking accuracy is affected by thefollowing:• Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)• The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15-30 seconds for high relative speed; 30-60 seconds for low relative speed.Display accuracy is affected by thefollowing:• Echo intensity• Radar transmission pulsewidth• Radar bearing error• Gyrocompass error• Course change (own ship or target)
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-352.25.1 Activating/deactivating ARP, TTM 1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP SETUP menu. ARP TARGET INFOINTERNAL ARPCANCEL ALL TARGETSNOARP VECTOR MODETRUEARP VECTOR TIME30 minutesHISTORY INTERVALOFFCPAOFFTCPA30 secondsAUTO ACQUISITION AREAOFFTARGET ID NUMBER OFFARP SETUPEDITRETURN ARP setup menu 2. Select ARP TARGET INFO, and then press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP target info window. ARP TARGET INFO▲▼INTERNAL ARPEXTERNAL ARPOFF ARP target info window 3. Select INTERNAL ARP, EXTERNAL ARP or OFF as appropriate. INTERNAL ARP: The radar source must be the MODEL1833/C series radar. Select this item also for a NavNet unit being fed ARP targets. EXTERNAL ARP: Receive TTM data sentence via NETWORK or NMEA port. Target tracks are shown but targets cannot be acquired. OFF: Turns off the ARP or TTM display. 4. Press the ENTER soft key. 5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-36 2.25.2 Acquiring and tracking targets (ARP only) Ten targets may be acquired and tracked manually and automatically. When you attempt to acquire an eleventh target, the message “ARP FULL – ALREADY TRACKING 10 TARGETS!” appears for five seconds. To acquire another target, terminate tracking of an unnecessary target as shown in the paragraph 2.25.4. Manual acquisition 1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 2. Press the TARGET soft key. 3. Place the cursor on the target to acquire and press the ACQ soft key. 4. Press the RETURN soft key. The plot symbol changes its shape according to its status as below. A vector appears about one minute after acquisition, indicating the target’s motion trend. At acquisition 1 min. afteracquisition3 min. afteracquisition01* 01* 01*Vector* = Target number shown when TARGET ID NUMBER is turned on in the ARP SETUP menu.Target Number ARP plot symbols Automatic acquisition The ARP can acquire up to ten targets automatically by setting an automatic acquisition area. When automatic acquisition is selected after acquiring targets manually, only the remaining capacity for targets may be automatically acquired. For example, if seven targets have been manually acquired, three targets may be automatically acquired. 1. Press the [MENU] key to show the main menu. 2. Press the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP SETUP menu. 3. Operate the cursor pad to select AUTO ACQUISITION AREA. 4. Press the EDIT soft key to show the automatic acquisition area window. AUTO ACQ. AREA▲▼OFFON Automatic acquisition area window 5. Select ON. 6. Press the ENTER soft key.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-377. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. An acquisition area of 2.0 to 2.5 miles in range and ±45º on either side of the heading line in bearing appears. Note: Targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously tracked when switching to manual acquisition. Automatic acquisition area45° port 45° starboard2.0 - 2.5 nm Automatic acquisition area 2.25.3 Displaying target number (internal, external ARP) Target number can be shown for ARP and TTM targets as below. .250/ 319.9°T .125nm SPH-UPTARGETTRAILTLLOUTPUTACQTARGET INFORETURNARPTargetNumber01+ 359.9°R 0.240nm ARP target number 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2. Press the ARP SETUP soft key. 3. Select TARGET ID NUMBER. 4. Press the EDIT soft key. 5. Select ON or OFF (default setting) as appropriate. 6. Press the ENTER soft key. 7. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-38 2.25.4 Terminating tracking of ARP targets When 10 targets have been acquired, no more targets may be acquired unless targets are cancelled. If you need to acquire additional targets, you must first cancel one or more individual targets, or all of the targets, using one of the procedures below. Terminating tracking of selected targets 1. Place the cursor on the target to terminate tracking. 2. Press the [CLEAR] key to erase to terminate tracking and erase the target. Terminating tracking of all targets 1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key. 2. Select CANCEL ALL TARGETS. 3. Press the EDIT soft key. CANCEL ALL TARGETS▲▼YESNO Cancel all targets window 4. Select YES. 5. Press the ENTER soft key. 6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-392.25.5 Setting vector attributes (ARP) What is a vector? A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated speed and course of the target. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It can be useful to extend the vector length in order to evaluate the risk of collision with any target. Vector Vector Vector reference, vector time You may reference the vectors to North (True) or ship’s heading (relative) as desired. Vector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes. 1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP SETUP menu. 2. Operate the cursor pad to select ARP VECTOR MODE. 3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the vector mode window. ARP VECTOR MODERELATIVETRUE Vector mode window 4. Select TRUE or RELATIVE as appropriate. 5. Press the ENTER soft key. 6. Select ARP VECTOR TIME, and then press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP vector time window. ARP VECTOR TIME▲▼30 seconds1 minute3 minutes6 minutes15 minutes30 minutes ARP vector time window 7. Operate the cursor pad to select vector time among 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min, 6 min, 15 min and 30 min. 8. Press the ENTER soft key. 9. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-40 2.25.6 Displaying past position display (ARP) This ARP can display time-spaced dots (maximum 10 dots) marking the past positions of any targets being tracked. You can evaluate a target’s actions by the spacing between dots. Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement. (a) Ship turning (b) Ship running straight(c) Ship reduced speed(d) Ship increased speed Past position displays To turn the past position display on or off: 1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key. 2. Operate the cursor pad to select HISTORY INTERVAL. 3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the plot interval window. HISTORY INTERVAL▲▼OFF30 seconds1 minutes3 minutes6 minutes History interval window 4. Operate the cursor pad to select plotting interval among 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min and 6 min, or select OFF to turn off the past position display. 5. Press the ENTER soft key. 6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-412.25.7 ARP, TTM target data This ARP calculates motion trends (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA) of all target been tracked. You can show this data for a tracked target as below. TARGET ID NUMBER, in the ARP SETUP menu, must be turned on to show ARP target data. 1. Place the cursor on the target whose data you want to see. 2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys. 3. Press the TARGET and TARGET INFO soft keys. The data of the selected target appears at the bottom left-hand corner of the display. (If an EBL/VRM data box is displayed the ARP data box will be under it.) 4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish. 5. To erase the ARP target data box, select the corresponding target with the cursor and press the [CLEAR] key. .250/ 319.9°T .125nm SPH-UP 359.9°R0.240nmTARGETTRAILTLLOUTPUTACQTARGET INFORETURNARPTargetNo.01 VECTOR TRUE 15minCSE 359.9°T SPD 12.5ktCPA 2nm TCPA 12.35CPA and TCPACourse and SpeedTarget No., Vector Reference (True), Vector Time01Cursor ++ ARP target data
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-42 2.25.8 CPA/TCPA alarm (ARP) When the predicted CPA of any target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm sounds, which you may silence with the [CLEAR] key. In addition, the target plot symbol of the offending target changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector. Press the [ALARM] key and the message COLLISION ALARM appears. Press the CLEAR ALARM soft key to acknowledge the alarm. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol continues until you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each target to own ship. Provided that this feature is used correctly, it will help prevent the risk of collision by alerting you to threatening targets. It is important that gain, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted and the ARP is set up so that it can track targets effectively. CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size, tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship. CAUTIONThe CPA/TCPA alarm should never berelied upon as the sole means for detect-ing the risk of collision. The navigator isnot relieved of the responsibility to keepvisual lookout for avoiding collisions,whether or not the radar or other plottingaid is in use. Follow the steps shown below to set the CPA/TCPA alarm range: 1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key. 2. Operate the cursor pad to select CPA. 3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the CPA window. CPA▲▼OFF0.5nm1nm2nm3nm5nm6nm CPA window 4. Select a CPA limit desired by the cursor pad. 5. Press the ENTER soft key. The ARP SETUP menu reappears. 6. Press the cursor pad to select TCPA. 7. Press the EDIT soft key to show the TCPA window.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-43 TCPA▲▼30 seconds1 minute2 minutes3 minutes4 minutes5 minutes6 minutes12 minutes TCPA window 8. Select a TCPA limit. 9. Press the ENTER soft key. 10. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. 2.25.9 Lost target alarm (ARP) When the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond and tracking is discontinued after one minute. 1 Lost target mark Canceling a lost target 1. Place the cursor on the target. 2. Press the [CLEAR] key.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-44 2.26 Interpreting the Radar Display 2.26.1 General Minimum and maximum ranges Minimum range The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5 or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate from the point representing the antenna position. It is mainly dependent on the pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang suppression and digital quantization. Maximum range The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and atmospheric conditions. Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. Rmax is given in the following equation. Rmax= 2.2 x (h1 + h2 ) where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles) h1: antenna height (m) h2: target height (m) Radar horizonOptical horizon Radar horizon For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is; Rmax= 2.2 x (9+ 16 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal).
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-45Radar resolution There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range resolution. Bearing resolution Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display the echoes received from two targets, which are at the same range and close together, as separate targets. Bearing resolution is directly proportional to the antenna length, and inversely proportional to the radar's wavelength. Range resolution Range resolution is the ability to display the echoes received from two targets, which are on the same bearing and close to each other, as separate targets. Bearing accuracy One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading marker at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, select a range which will put the target as far out to the edge of the radar screen as possible. Range measurement Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. Generally, there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-46 2.26.2 False echoes Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target, or disappear even if there are targets. False target situations may be recognized, however, if you understand why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below. Multiple echoes Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the [A/C SEA] control. Own shipTargetTrueechoMultiple echo Multiple echoes Sidelobe echoes Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam. This stray RF is called sidelobe. If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Sidelobes appear usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA control. Target B(True)Target B(Spurious)Target A Sidelobe echoes
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-47Virtual image A relatively large target close to your ship may be shown at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the screen. TrueechoFalseechoOwnshipTarget shipMirror imageof target ship Virtual image Shadow sectors Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector or blind spot may be produced. Within this sector, targets can not be detected. RadarantennaRadarmastShadow sector Shadow sectors
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-48 2.26.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown. When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots. 9500 MHz9200 MHzRadar antennabeamwidthScreen A: When SART is distant Screen B: When SART is close Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.Echo of SARTPosition ofSARTOwn ship'sposition Own ship'spositionSART marklength Radar receiverbandwidthSweep time7.5 µs 95 µs Sweep start High speed sweep signalLow speed sweep signal24 NM 1.5 NMPosition ofSARTEcho ofSART Appearance of SART signal on the radar display
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-49General procedure for detecting SART response 1. Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the SART. 2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression (if applicable). 3. Turn off the Interference Rejector. General remarks on receiving SART SART range errors When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position. Radar bandwidth This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges. Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART. Radar side lobes As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the [A/C SEA] control although it may be operationally useful to observe the sidelobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to the ship. Gain For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range detection should be used, that is, with background noise speckle visible.
2. RADAR OPERATION 2-50 A/C SEA control For optimum range SART detection, this control should be set to the minimum. Care should be exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured. Note also that in clutter conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be detectable, irrespective of the setting of the anti-clutter sea control. In this case, the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9.5 nm from the furthest dot back towards own ship. Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual. A/C RAIN control This should be used normally (to break up areas of rain) when trying to detect a SART response which, being a series of dots, is not affected by the action of the anti-clutter rain circuitry. Note that racon responses, which are often in the form of a long flash, will be affected by the use of this control. Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual. Note: This SART information is excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 Operation of Marine Radar for SART Detection. 2.26.4 Racon (Radar Beacon) A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal when triggered by a ship’s radar (usually only the 3 centimeter band). The signal may be emitted on the same frequency as that of the triggering radar, in which case it is superimposed on the ship's radar display automatically. The racon signal appears on the PPI as a radial line originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon or as a Morse code signal (see figure below) displayed radially from just beyond the beacon. Racon Appearance of racon signal on the radar display
3-13. PLOTTER OPERATION 3.1 Plotter Displays You may show the plotter display over the entire screen, in the overlay screen (MODEL1722C series), or in a combination screen. Press the [DISP] key to show the screen selection window, and then rotate the [ENTER] knob to select PLOT, NAV or OVRLY (overlay) as appropriate. 3.1.1 Full-screen plotter display BRIDGEFISH002WP 34° 22. 3456'N 359.9° M TRIP NU080° 22. 3456'E 19.9 kt 99.9 nmMODENTH UPNAV POSMARKENTRYD. BOXON/ OFF16.0nmS I MNav data window(Data changes with NAV softkey setting and cursorstatus. For details see next page.)Course barFunctions for soft keysOwn shiptrackOwn ship markerPresentation mode (North-up)Icon (from left) North MarkerChartAlarmBatteryTrack HoldChart OffsetSaveL/L OffsetBatterySimulation(See icontable onpage A-14for details.) Waypoint nameWaypoint markerScaleTrip distance Full-screen plotter display Note: The own ship marker blinks when the GP-310B loses the GPS signal. For the NavNet display units receiving the GPS signal, the message “No GPS fix!” appears approx. one minute after the signal is lost and is accompanied by the audio alarm. For the NavNet display unit connected to the GP-310B, the visual alarm is released soon after loss and the audio alarm sounds five minutes later.
3. PLOTTER OPERATION 3-2Nav data window The data shown in the nav data window depends on the status of the NAV soft key and the cursor. 359. 9° 359. 9 °M 79. 9°F NU 19. 9kt 99. 9nm 345 ftBearing to WaypointCourse, SpeedRangetoWaypointWater Temp.,Depth*CSESOG BRG RNG TMPDPTNAV S/Csoft keyPresentationModeOwn Ship Mark Speed Trip DistanceNAV POSsoft key 34°24. 3456'N 359. 9°M TRIP NU124°24. 3456'W 19. 9kt 99. 9nmCourseLatitude, LongitudePresentationModeOwn shippositionOwn shipspeed andcourseNAV OFFsoft keyTurns offnav datawindow* Requires appropriate sensor. 34°24. 3456'N 359. 9°M TRIP NU124°24. 3456'W 59.9nm 99. 9nmBearing to CursorLatitude, LongitudeTrip DistancePresentationMode+Cursor MarkLatitude and longitudeof cursor intersectionRange toCursor359. 9°M TTG4D02H23M NU19. 9nm ETA1st 13:45Bearing to WaypointWaypoint NameEstimated Time ofArrivalRange to WaypointWaypoint Mark001WPTPresentationModeNAV WPTsoft keyDestinationwaypointdataTime-to-Goto Destination359. 9°M359. 9°M TRIP NU19. 9nm 19. 9kt 99. 9nmCourseBearing to WaypointWaypoint Name001WPTWaypoint data(waypoint selectedwith cursor)PresentationModeSpeedRange to WaypointWaypoint Mark Trip Distance Contents of nav data window

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