User Manual
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| Document Description | User Manual |
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| Date Submitted | 2012-06-13 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2012-06-13 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2012-06-05 11:46:37 |
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| Document Author: | Kevin Carey |
216–235 MHz Data Transceivers MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A MAY 2012 Integration Guide TRM SB OEM Series TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 7 1.1 Modem Speed versus Channel Bandwidth ......................................8 1.2 Frequency Coverage ........................................................................8 1.3 Radio Operating Modes ...................................................................8 Single Frequency (Simplex) Operation ...............................................8 Switched-Carrier Operation (Half-Duplex) ..........................................8 Receive Only Operation......................................................................9 1.4 Applications ......................................................................................9 Point-to-Multipoint, Multiple Address Systems (MAS) ........................9 Point-to-Point System .......................................................................10 1.5 Model Number Codes ....................................................................11 2.0 INSTALLATION DESIGN ........................................................... 12 2.1 Mounting the Transceiver ...............................................................13 2.2 Interface Requirements ..................................................................13 2.3 Antennas and Feedlines ................................................................14 Antennas ..........................................................................................14 Feedlines ..........................................................................................15 2.4 Primary Power (3.6 Vdc) ................................................................15 DC Supply Connection .....................................................................15 Shutdown Mode (Energy Conservation)...........................................16 2.5 Data Interface Connections ............................................................16 3.0 TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS ..................................................................................... 19 3.1 Error Messages ..............................................................................21 3.2 Initial Installation—Radio and Data Configuration ..........................22 4.0 TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................... 23 5.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE ....................................................... 24 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Transceiver Specifications ..............................................................24 Test and Evaluation Assembly .......................................................25 Vendors for Connectors ..................................................................28 dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion Chart ................................................29 6.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS............................................................ 30 MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide Copyright Notice This Installation and Operation Guide and all software described herein are protected by copyright: 2012 GE MDS. All rights reserved. GE MDS reserves its right to correct any errors and omissions in this publication. Antenna Installation Warning 1. All antenna installation and servicing is to be performed by qualified technical personnel only. When servicing the antenna, or working at distances closer than those listed below, ensure the transmitter has been disabled. RF Exposure 2. The radio equipment described in this guide emits radio frequency energy. Although the power level is low, the concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow people to come closer than 1.4 meters to the front of the antenna when the transmitter is operating with a 11.85 dBd (14 dBi) gain antenna. Use of higher gain antennas means increasing the distance Separation distance accordingly. This guide is intended for use by a professional required for RF exposure compliance installer. L'équipement radio décrite dans ce guide émet de l'énergie de fréquence radio. Bien que le niveau de puissance est faible, l'énergie concentrée à partir d'une antenne directionnelle peut poser un danger pour la santé. Ne pas permettre aux gens de se rapprocher de 1.4 mètres à l'avant de l'antenne lorsque l'émetteur est oper-tionnement avec un dBd 11.85 (14 dBi) gain d'antenne. L'utilisation d'antennes à gain plus élevé signifie qu'il faut augmenter la distance en conséquence. Ce guide est destiné à être utilisé par un installateur professionnel. ISO 9001 Registration GE MDS adheres to this internationally accepted quality system standard. ii TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A Quality Policy Statement We, the employees of GE MDS, are committed to understanding and exceeding our customer’s needs and expectations. • We appreciate our customer’s patronage. They are our business. • We promise to serve them and anticipate their needs. • We are committed to providing solutions that are cost effective, innovative and reliable, with consistently high levels of quality. • We are committed to the continuous improvement of all of our systems and processes, to improve product quality and increase customer satisfaction. ESD Notice To prevent malfunction or damage to this product, which may be caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), the radio should be properly grounded at the time of installation. In addition, the installer or maintainer should follow proper ESD precautions, such as touching a bare metal object to dissipate body charge, prior to touching components or connecting/disconnecting cables. Manual Revision and Accuracy While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual, product improvements may result in minor differences between the manual and the product shipped to you. If you have additional questions or need an exact specification for a product, please contact our Customer Service Team using the information at the back of this guide. In addition, manual updates can often be found online at www.gemds.com. FCC Part 15 Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide iii will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or locate the receiving antenna. • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. iv TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A 1.0 INTRODUCTION This guide presents installation and operating instructions for the TRM SB digital radio transceiver. The radio is a compact, modular board well suited to user-designed customer integration with remote terminal units (RTUs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), automatic banking machines, or similar equipment. The transceiver (Figure 1) is a data telemetry radio designed to operate in a point-to-multipoint environment, such as electric utility Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and distribution automation, gas field automation, water and wastewater SCADA, and on-line transaction processing applications. The radio employs microprocessor control to provide highly reliable communications, even under adverse conditions. TRM SB radios use Gaussian-mean shift keying (GMSK) modulation. Invisible place holder Figure 1. TRM SB Data Transceiver MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 1.1 Modem Speed versus Channel Bandwidth The transceiver may be configured by the user to one of two arrangements dependent on the permissible values of over-the-air data baud rate (BAUD), Gaussian filtering (BT), and channel bandwidth (BW). The valid configurations are: Table 1. Permissible Data Configurations Baud (bps) Receive Bandwidth (BW) BT 19200 25.0 kHz .3 9600 25.0 kHz .5 The current configuration will be displayed by the MODEM command. These parameters are independent of any other user-controllable operating parameter. 1.2 Frequency Coverage The radio is available for operation between 216.025 and 235.000 MHz. Any combination of transmit and receive frequencies can be programmed within this range, including a simplex (TX = RX) pair. It is suggested not to operate the system exactly at 232.000 MHz due to the reference clock effects on the receiver. While the unit is completely functional even in this region, it is suggested not to use the unit at 232.000 MHz +/- 25 kHz to ensure maximum receiver sensitivity. 1.3 Radio Operating Modes Single Frequency (Simplex) Operation Single frequency operation (also known as simplex) is a special case of switched carrier operation. Single frequency operation is automatically selected whenever the transmit and receive frequencies are set to the same value. Switched-Carrier Operation (Half-Duplex) Switched-carrier operation is a half-duplex mode where the master station transmitter is keyed to send data and unkeyed to receive. The transceiver operates in switched-carrier mode and is keyed when data is present. NOTE: The transceiver does not support full-duplex operation (i.e., transmitting and receiving at the same time). For information on other products that provide this capability, contact your sales representative. TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A Receive Only Operation The transceiver is available as a receive-only module. The operation is identical to the tranceiver model, except that the transmit functions are disabled. 1.4 Applications Point-to-Multipoint, Multiple Address Systems (MAS) Point-to-multipoint (MAS) is the most common application of the transceiver. It consists of a central master station and several associated remote units as shown in Figure 2. An MAS network provides communications between a central host computer and remote terminal units (RTUs) or other data collection devices. The operation of the radio system is “transparent” to the computer equipment. That is, the radio system transports the data in its original form, making no changes to the data format. Often, the radio system is used to replace a network of remote monitors currently linked to a central location by leased telephone lines. At the central office of such a system, there is usually a large mainframe computer and some means of switching between individual lines coming from each remote monitor. In this type of system, there is a modulator/demodulator (modem) at the main computer and at each remote site, usually built into the remote monitor itself. Since the cost of leasing a dedicated-pair telephone line is quite high, radio is frequently used as an alternative communication medium. MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide Invisible place holder io rad TE EM io rad T R S E O T H PU io rad TEN ASTIO M A ST TE RE Figure 2. MAS Point-to-Multipoint Network (Two remote stations shown—four or more are typically used) Point-to-Point System Where permitted, the transceiver may also be used in a point-to-point arrangement. A point-to-point system consists of just two radios—one serving as a master and the other as a remote—as shown in Figure 3. It provides a simplex or half-duplex communications link for the transfer of data between two locations. ra io Invisible place holder ra io T R S E O T H PU TEN ASTIO M A ST TE RE Figure 3. Typical Point-to-Point Link TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A 1.5 Model Number Codes The radio model number is printed on the PC board or on the radio enclosure, and provides key information about how the radio was configured when was shipped from the factory. Contact GE MDS Technical Services if you have questions about the model number codes. MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 2.0 INSTALLATION DESIGN The TRM SB transceiver is designed to be part of a larger electronic device or system. It must be provided with adequate and stable primary power, a complementary data interface and RF antenna system connections. An appropriate antenna is the only external device that is needed. Connections to the TRM SB are through two connections: data and power through an AVX Series 5046 fine-pitch (DATA INTERFACE) connector and RF signalling through PCB pads to a SMT PCB-to-PCB pressure-contact coaxial connector. These connections require a stable support for the TRM SB module with positive pressure by the RF connector on the RF I/O pads (J300/301). Figure 4 shows the external connections for the transceiver. Invisible place holder Figure 4. Transceiver Views Showing External Connections The transceiver has all of its electronic circuitry enclosed in the RF shields to minimize interaction with nearby electronic products. The transceiver module is compliant with FCC Part 15, FCC Part 80 in the 216-220 MHz band, and FCC Part 90 in the 220 to 222 MHz band. The transmitter is typically configured for a nominal 3.6VDC operating voltage to produce 0.5 Watts on Low Power and 1 Watt on High Power. Careful selection and/or design of the radio transmission line is important to minimizing RFI to nearby electronic devices. This unit must be provided with a good antenna system optimal communication range and reliability. A secondary benefit is an opportunity to run the system at the lowest possible power level, a lower primary power consumption, and reduced chances of interference. TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A The data interface will support a variety of system designs. Use only the required pins for the application. Refer to the complete list of pin functions in Table 4 on Page 11. 2.1 Mounting the Transceiver Figure 5 shows the mounting dimensions of the transceiver PC board. The board should be secured to the mounting surface using the holes provided at each corner of the assembly. (Fasteners are not supplied.) Invisible place holder .090" .090" .050" 1.695 .050" 1.555 1.110 1.835 Data Connector .775 .010 2.750 0.000 .090 .140 2.61 2.47 2.465 2.33 .140 0.000 .050 .140 Figure 5. Transceiver Mounting Dimensions 2.2 Interface Requirements It is highly desirable to provide for electronic access to the TRM SB module after it is installed in your product or system. This allows for module configuration and control, frequency changes when needed, antenna system optimization, and diagnostic activities. In addition, it would be beneficial to provide field service personnel a technique for directly monitoring the test and diagnostic indicators produced by the unit to indicate the incoming radio signal strength (RSSI), and the radio synthesizer’s unfiltered out-of-lock indicator. MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide Table 2 summarizes minimal recommended access requirements for field setup and servicing of the TRM SB radio transceiver. Other interface signal functions may be of use to field service personnel or as part of a diagnostic design for the whole user-defined package. Table 2. Configuration and Evaluation Signals Function Data Interface Pin Signal Type) Description Enable Configuration 11 Low = Enabled Enables terminal interaction with module. Disables payload throughput. Received (RF) Signal Strength Signal Indicator—RSSI 12 Analog 0–3 Vdc Aid to aiming antenna system and determining presence of radio signals Synthesizer Lock H = Locked Unprocessed indicator of state of transceiver’s frequency synthesizer. L = Out-of-Lock Signal may contain inconsequential transients 2.3 Antennas and Feedlines Antennas The transceiver can be used with a number of antennas. The exact style depends on the physical size and layout of the radio system. Suitable antennas are available from several manufacturers, including GE MDS. At master stations, omni-directional antennas (Figure 6) are typically used to provide equal coverage to all remote sites in the network. Invisible place holder Figure 6. Typical Omni-directional Antenna for Master Stations (Shown mounted to mast) TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A At remote sites, a directional Yagi (Figure 7) or corner reflector antenna is generally recommended to minimize interference to and from other users. Invisible place holder Figure 7. Typical Yagi Antenna for Remote Sites Feedlines The selection of antenna feedline is very important. Poor quality cables should be avoided as they result in power losses that may reduce the range and reliability of the radio system. Table 3 shows the losses that occur when using various lengths and types of cable at 200 MHz. Regardless of the type of cable used, it should be kept as short as possible to minimize signal loss. Table 3. Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 200 MHz 10 Feet 50 Feet 100 Feet 500 Feet (3.05 Meters) (15.24 Meters) (30.48 Meters) (152.4 Meters) RG-8A/U 0.28dB 1.4 dB 2.8 dB 14.0 dB 1/2 inch HELIAX 0.10 dB 0.48 dB 0.95 dB 4.75 dB 7/8 inch HELIAX 0.05 dB 0.25 dB 0.49 dB 2.43 dB 1-1/4 inch HELIAX 0.04 dB 0.18 dB 0.36 dB 1.81 dB 1-5/8 inch HELIAX 0.03 dB 0.15 dB 0.30 dB 1.49 dB Cable Type 2.4 Primary Power (3.6 Vdc) DC Supply Connection The transceiver can be operated from any well-filtered 3.6 Vdc power source through the DATA INTERFACE connector. The power supply must be capable of providing at least 1.5 Amperes and provide current limiting even if you intend to operate the radio at low power (0.5 Watts). CAUTION POSSIBLE EQUIPMENT DAMAGE MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A NOTE: The radio is designed for use in negative ground systems only. There is no fuse or reverse polarity protection provided on the transceiver’s PCB assembly. TRM SB Integration Guide The positive (+) DC power must be provided through pins 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,and 28. The data signal and DC power current return (–) should be connected to pins 1, 7, 9, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 30. (See Figure 4 on Page 6 for details.) All power pins should be used to provide sufficient current capacity in transmit operation. Shutdown Mode (Energy Conservation) In some installations, such as at solar-powered sites, it may be necessary to keep the transceiver’s power consumption to an absolute minimum. This can be accomplished by configuring the data device (RTU, PLC, etc.) to ground the DATA INTERFACE connector Pin 29 to power-down the radio until communication to other devices is needed. All radio and microprocessor activity is disabled when the radio is in the shutdown mode. When the ground is removed from Pin 29, the radio is ready to operate in approximately 250 milliseconds. 2.5 Data Interface Connections The transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE connector is configured as a DCE (modem) and supports over-the-air asynchronous data rates of 9600 and 19200 bps. The DATA INTERFACE is normally connected to a device/circuit with a TTL interface. Refer to Figure 8 and Table 4 for a detailed description of each pin on the DATA INTERFACE connector. CAUTION USE ONLY REQUIRED PINS 10 Some pins on the DATA INTERFACE connector are used for factory testing. Use only the required pins for the application. Damage may result if improper connections are made. TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A Invisible place holder Figure 8. Data Interface Connector (As viewed from above) Table 4. DATA INTERFACE Connector Pinouts Pin Number Input/ Output Pin Description IN/OUT Ground OUT RF synthesizer lock detect signal • High = locked (Radio ready for service) • Low = Out-of-lock (Radio disabled) • Raw / “unfiltered” IN TX Data—Transmit Data (payload) in normal operation OUT CD—Carrier Detect • Low whenever RSSI exceeds the programmed CDR threshold. • Detects RF activity on the radio channel regarless of the signals modulation type or data protocol. IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal) OUT RX Clock—Always applicable when receiving • Goes from low to high at the center of each RX Data bit (receive mode). Data will be valid on falling edge. • Provided when transmitting if “CLK RX” is programmed • Goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit. Data must be valid on falling edge. • Continuously high when transceiver is in Configuration Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low) IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal) OUT TX Clock—Transmit Data Clock • Only applicable when “CLK TX” is programmed and TX ON is asserted • Clock goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit. Data must be valid on falling edge. • Continuously high when in Configuration Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low), or when “CLK RX” is selected MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 11 Table 4. DATA INTERFACE Connector Pinouts (Continued) Pin Number Input/ Output Pin Description IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal) 10 11 Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only. IN CONFIG—Configure Radio • High puts radio in normal payload mode to receive or transmit data at the programmed rate • Low puts radio in setup mode to communicate with the processor at 38.4 kbps asynchronously 12 OUT RSSI—Receive Signal Strength Indicator • Analog voltage between 0 and 3 Vdc proportional to signal strength on the channel 13 IN TX ON—Request to key radio transmitter • High puts radio in receive mode • Low puts radio in transmit mode 14 OUT RX Data—Receive Data • Receive data (off-the-air) in normal operation • Control data from the processor in setup mode 15 OUT RX Audio—Filtered receive audio • For test purposes only 16 Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only. 17 Not used – Do not connect 18 Vcc—Regulated +3.6 Vdc power for the transceiver 19 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal) 20 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal) 21 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal) 22 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal) 23 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.6 Vdc power for the transceiver* 24 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.6 Vdc power for the transceiver* 25 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.6 Vdc power for the transceiver* 26 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.6 Vdc power for the transceiver* 27 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.6 Vdc power for the transceiver* 28 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.6 Vdc power for the transceiver* 29 IN Shutdown Mode • Low puts radio in low-power shutdown • High or open allows normal operation 30 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal) * All Vcc pins should be used to provide sufficient current capacity in transmit mode. 12 TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A 3.0 TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS The transceiver’s configuration and diagnostics are performed through the radio’s DATA INTERFACE connector through a “dumb” data terminal interface—either a personal computer or dedicated terminal. An EIA/RS-232 to TTL converter circuit may be required depending on your installation design. Configuration and diagnostic activities may be performed with the TRM SB removed from the user equipment or as an installed module in your design. If you choose to setup the transceiver before its final installation, you may find the Test and Evaluation Assembly to be a convenient tool. (See Test and Evaluation Assembly on Page 20 for details.) Table 5 lists each command entry and a brief description of its purpose. Programmable information is shown in brackets [ ] following the command name. To enter a command, type the command, followed by an ENTER keystroke. For programming commands, the command is followed by SPACE and the appropriate information or values, then ENTER . Table 5. Command Summary Command Function MODEM MODEM—Data Configuration Response indicates: Payload data rate (BAUD) + Gaussian Bandwidth x Data Rate (BT) + Channel Spacing (BW) For example: 9.6Kbps BT=.5 25KHz. NOTE: Provides only an informational display. The command cannot be used to configure the radio. TX [xxx.xxxxx] Transmit RF Channel Frequency • The frequency must be within the operating range for the unit. • Up to 5 digits can be entered after the decimal point. Trailing zeros are not required. • Frequencies can be in either 2.5, 5, or 6.25 kHz increments. BAUD [xxxxx] “Over-the-Air” Modem Speed • Options: 9600, and 19200 • For synchronous payload data through the DATA INTERFACE port (J100) NOTES: • Must complement BT and BW values. (See Table 1 on Page 2.) • Data rate for serial data (RXD/TXD) diagnostic/command interface is always 38400 MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 13 Table 5. Command Summary (Continued) Command Function BT [.x] Relative TX Bandwidth • Valid options are .3 and .5 • Leading zero (Ø) not permitted NOTE: Must complement BAUD and BW values. (See Table 1 on Page 2.) BW [xx.x] Channel Bandwidth • Options: 25 and 12.5 kHz NOTE: Must complement BT and BW values. (See Table 1 on Page 2.) CLK [xx] Clock Output Pin Selects which serial clock line to use for transmit operation. • Options: TX and RX • TX = Pin 8/TXC • RX = Pin 6/RXC CDR [–xxx] Receiver Carrier Detect Threshold • Inhibits the receiver from processing an incoming signal unless it is above the setting’s level. • Range: –50 to –120 NOTE: A setting of -120 removes any limitation on signal detection. CDT [–xxx] Transmit Carrier Detect Threshold Inhibits the transmitter from operating in the presence of a strong on-channel signal until the signal level is below the setting level. • Range: –50 to –120 NOTES: • –50 will effectively allow transmissions anytime • –120 will effectively prohibit transmissions. • Minus sign (–) required for data entry PWR [x] RF Power Output Level Options: H = High Power L = Low Power SCRAM [xxx] Data Scrambler/Descrambler ON/OFF Options: ON or OFF SREV [xxx] Software Revision of installed firmware SER Serial Number of the radio RSSI Received Signal Strength Indictor • Displays the current received RF signal level • One measurement per request by command • Reading is accurate to within 3 dB from –100 dBm to –60 dBm NOTE: A continuous RSSI signal available during receive state on the DATA INTERFACE connector (J100-Pin12). 14 TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A Table 5. Command Summary (Continued) Command Function OWN [xxx] Owner’s Message Displays an optional owner message • Enter OWN to display current entry. • Enter OWN followed by up to 30 characters to program. KEY Transmitter Carrier Key • Test command for technicians to key the radio with a modulated carrier. • Use DKEY command to cease transmission NOTES: • Use only for test purposes. • No time-out timer on this function. DKEY Unkey Transmitter Test Carrier 3.1 Error Messages Listed below are some possible error messages that may be encountered when using the terminal interface: UNKNOWN COMMAND—The command was not recognized. Refer to the command description for command usage information. INCORRECT ENTRY—The command format or its associated values were not valid. Refer to the command description for command usage information. COMMAND FAILED—The command was unable to successfully complete. This may indicate an internal software problem. NOT PROGRAMMED—Software was unable to program the internal radio memory or the requested item was not programmed. This is a serious internal radio error. Contact MDS for assistance. TEXT TOO LONG—Response to OWN command when too many characters have been entered. Refer to the command description for command usage information. NOT AVAILABLE—The entered command or parameter was valid, but it referred to a currently unavailable choice. Refer to the command description for command usage information. MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 15 3.2 Initial Installation—Radio and Data Configuration Below are the basic steps for setting up of the transceiver once it is installed in the user’s product. In many cases, these steps alone are sufficient to complete the installation. This procedure assumes the TRM SB has been installed in your system/product and suitable connections have been provided for a terminal interface and antenna. 1. Install the antenna and antenna feedline for the station. Preset directional antennas in the desired direction of transmission and reception. 2. Connect a terminal (computer with emulations software) to the TRM SB through the user’s product interface. (async @ 38400 w/8N1) 3. Enable the configuration mode for the TRM SB radio. (Ground Pin 11 of the radio transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE.) DIAGNOSTICS OPEN will appear on the terminal screen terminal once diagnostics communication with the radio is established. 4. Review the existing essential TRM SB configuration parameters through a series of terminal commands. • MODEM—Data Configuration Response indicates: Payload data rate (BAUD) Gaussian Bandwidth x Data Rate (BT) Channel Spacing (BW) For example: 9.6Kbps BT=.5 25KHz. • PWR—RF Power Output Responses: H = 1 Watt, L = 0.5 Watts 5. Check and set the radio transmit and receive frequencies. NOTE: The operating frequencies are typically not set at the factory. Determine the transmit and receive frequencies to be used, and follow the steps below to program them. The TRM SB must be programmed for the frequencies for which you hold a valid license and be within the radio’s operating band. a. Set the transmit frequency with the TX xxx.xxxxx command. Press 16 ENTER after the command. TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A b. Set the receive frequency with the RX xxx.xxxxx command. Press ENTER after the command. c. After programming any parameter, PROGRAMMED OK will be displayed to indicate a successful entry. 6. Review and reprogram any other parameters as necessary to complement your system requirements. (See Table 5 on Page 13 for a list of all user commands.) 7. Optimize the antenna installation by measuring the received signal strength of the other station with which this station will be communicating. Monitor the TRM SB’s RSSI level. Rotate the station antenna until the signal is the strongest. The less negative the value, the stronger the incoming radio signal. The received signal should be at least –90 dBm. This value will provide a safety margin (fade margin) to prevent loss of communications through signal reduction (fading) caused by weather conditions, changes in station location if mobile, or other obstructions temporarily positioned between communicating TRM SB stations. 8. Disconnect the terminal interface and the ground from Pin 11 from the DATA INTERFACE connector. 9. Connect the data equipment to the transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE connector and test for normal operation. 4.0 TROUBLESHOOTING Successful troubleshooting of the radio system is not difficult, but it requires a logical approach. It is best to begin troubleshooting at the master station, as the rest of the system depends on the master for polling commands. If the master station has problems, the operation of the entire network can be compromised. It is good practice to start by checking the simple things. For proper operation, all radios in the network must meet these basic requirements: • Adequate and stable primary power. • Secure connections (RF, data, and power). • An efficient and properly aligned antenna system with a good received signal strength (at least –90 dBm). It is possible for a system to operate with weaker signals, but reliability may be degraded. MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 17 • Proper programming of the transceiver’s operating parameters (see Section 3.0, TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS). • The correct interface between the transceiver and the connected data equipment (correct cable wiring, proper data format, timing, etc.). 5.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE 5.1 Transceiver Specifications RADIO TYPE Synthesized, half duplex, 2.5, 5.0, and 6.25 kHz frequency set capability, 25 kHz channel spacing, split frequency, or simplex ENVIRONMENTAL Temperature Range: Humidity: Board Dimensions: Weight: Enclosure: –40 to +85 degrees C 0 to 95% at 40 degrees C 2.75″ W x 0.4″ H x 1.75″ D 7.0 cm W x 1.10 cm H x 4.4 cm D 35 grams (6053 Board: 42 grams) None. Open-frame PCB with digital/RF circuit shield TRANSMITTER Frequency Range: Frequency Increments: Frequency Stability: Channel Spacing: Modulation Type: Carrier Power: Duty Cycle: Output Impedance: RF Connection: Spurious and Harmonics: Transmitter Keying: Key-up Time: Data Rate Over-the-Air : 216–235 MHz 2.5, 5.0, 6.25 kHz 1.0 ppm, –30 to +80 degrees C 2.5 ppm, –40 to +85 degrees C 25 kHz GMSK (Gaussian-mean Shift Keying) 0.5 W to 2W programmable configurations (see Primary Power specifications) (+27 dBm to +33 dBm) 50% 50 ohms Pads for SMT IMP 3 mm RF connector, mmcx –65 dBc ON TX_ON 5 ms 9600 and 19200 bps (Rate user-selectable via BAUD command) RECEIVER Type: Frequency Range: Frequency Increments: Frequency Stability: 18 TRM SB Integration Guide Double conversion superheterodyne (45 MHz IF) 216.025– 235 MHz 2.5, 5.0, 6.25 kHz 1.0 ppm, –30 to +80 degrees C 2.5 ppm, –40 to +85 degrees C MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A Spurious and Image Rejection: Sensitivity: Intermodulation Rejection: Selectivity: Bandwidth: –50 dB 12 dB SINAD @ –116 dBm @ 9600 bps 12 dB SINAD @ –110 dBm @ 19200 bps –38 dB minimum 50 dB typical at adjacent channel (EIA) 25 kHz DATA INTERFACE Connector: Signaling: Data Rate—Diagnostics: Data Rate—Payload: Flow-Control: AVX fine-pitch 5046 series TTL 38400 bps asynchronous 38400 bps synchronous Synchronous serial with clock supplied by the radio in bursts of 8 bits (when the radio is ready) < 20 ms typical Data Latency: PRIMARY POWER (via Data Interface Connector) Voltage (3.2–3.8 Vdc typical usage): RX Current at 3.6 Vdc (nominal): TX Current at 3.6 Vdc (nominal): Voltage (3.8 Vdc max. DC supply): RX Current at 3.8 Vdc (max. DC supply: TX Current at 3.8 Vdc (max. DC supply): Current Limit/Polarity Protection: 216 to 235 MHz Band Segments 112 mA 1.5 A @ high power (1 W typical usage) 750 mA @ low power (0.5 W) 216 to 222 MHz Band Segments 112 mA 1.8 A @ high power (2 W max. setting) 750 mA @ low power (0.5 W) External; User-provided REGULATORY Regulatory Bands (Software Configurable): FCC (2 Watt max., -30 to +50 degrees C): • 216–220 MHz, FCC Part 80 • 216–220 MHz, FCC Part 90 • 220–222 MHz, FCC Part 90 IC (2 Watt max., -30 to +50 degrees C): • 217–218 MHz, RSS-119 • 219–220 MHz, RSS-119 • 220–222 MHz, RSS-119 International Regulatory (1 Watt max.): • 220 –235 MHz MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 19 5.2 Test and Evaluation Assembly A PCB assembly (03-6053A02) is available from the factory to facilitate bench testing, programming and evaluation of the TRM SB transceiver module. This module features: • • • • Mounting Posts for aligning and securing TRM SB module 3.6 Vdc Power Input Receptacle 5–12 Vdc Power Input Receptacle DB-25 Data Interface (Female) providing EIA/RS-232 to TTL signalling conversion • Radio Configuration Mode Enable (Manual Jumper) • Activity LEDs: TXD RXD TX CLOCK RX CLOCK CARRIER DETECT TEST (Reserved) • Antenna Connector–RF I/O (TNC) • Receiver Analog Output through DB-25 interface connector NOTE: The Test and Evaluation Assembly is not intended for service in a permanent installation in a user-designed product or system. 20 TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A Invisible place holder TRM SB MODULE 6–12 VDC IN 3.6 VDC IN ACTIVITY TEST ANTENNA/LOAD LEDS EIA/RS-232 I/O DB-25(F) Figure 9. Test and Evaluation PCB Assembly (With TRM SB module installed and retainers on RF connector end.) Table 6. DB-25 Interface Connector Pinouts Test and Evaluation PCB Pin Number Input/ Output Pin Description IN/OUT Ground (Signal) IN TX Data—Transmit Data (payload) in normal operation OUT RX Data—Receive Data • Receive data (off-the-air) in normal operation • Control data from the processor in setup mode OUT TX ON—Request to key radio transmitter • High puts radio in transmit mode • Low puts radio in receive mode No connection IN/OUT Ground (Signal) OUT CD—Carrier Detect • Low whenever RSSI exceeds the programmed CDR threshold. • Detects RF activity on the radio channel without consideration for the signals modulation type or protocol. MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A Factory Test– Do not connect 10 No connection TRM SB Integration Guide 21 Table 6. DB-25 Interface Connector Pinouts Test and Evaluation PCB (Continued) Pin Number Input/ Output Pin Description 11 OUT RX Audio—Filtered receive audio • For test purposes only • Also available through J109 (Pin 1 – Out, Pin 2 – GND) 12 IN Shutdown • Low = Radio powered down (off-line) 13 OUT RF synthesizer lock detect signal • High = locked (Radio ready for service) • Low = Out-of-lock (Radio disabled) • Raw / “unfiltered” 14 15 No connection OUT TX Clock—Transmit Data Clock • Only applicable when “CLK TX” is programmed and TX ON is asserted • Clock goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit • Continuously high when in Configuration Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low), or when “CLK RX” is selected 16 17 No connection OUT RX Clock—Always applicable when receiving • Goes from low to high at the center of each RX Data bit (receive mode) • Provided when transmitting if “CLK RX” is programmed • Goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit • Continuously high when transceiver is in Configuration Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low) 18 Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only. 19 No connection 20 No connection 21 OUT RSSI—Receive Signal Strength Indicator • Analog voltage between 0 and 3 Vdc proportional to signal strength on the channel 22 23 No connection IN CONFIG—Configure Radio • High (unterminated) puts radio in normal payload mode to receive or transmit data at the programmed rate • Low (Ground/J108 Jumpered) puts radio in setup mode to communicate with the processor at 38.4 kbps asynchronously 22 24 No connection 25 No connection TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A 5.3 Vendors for Connectors The following are vendors of interface connectors that may be used on customer-designed interfaces or equipment connected to the TRM SB. These are not the only sources of these devices nor does this listing represent an endorsement by Microwave Data Systems. Data Interface Connector 30-Pin PCB SMT Receptacle, J100 GE MDS: 73-3463A12 AVX: 14-5046-030-630-829 30-Pin PCB SMT Plug, Mates with J100 GE MDS: 73-3463A13 AVX: 24-5046-030-600-829 Vendor: AVX Corporation Web: www.AVXcorp.com RF Coaxial Connector PCB SMT Connector Mounted on user’s mating PCB to make contact with TRM SB RF pads J300/301 GE MDS: 73-1022A53 Radiall: R107.064.020 Vendor: Radiall SA 101 Rue Philibert Hoffmann 93116 Rosny Sous Bois France Tel: + 33 1 49 35 35 35 FAX: + 33 1 49 35 35 14 Web: www. Radiall.com MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 23 5.4 dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion Chart Table 7 is provided as a convenience for determining the equivalent wattage or voltage of an RF power expressed in dBm. Table 7. dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion—for 50 Ohm Systems 24 dBm V Po dBm V Po dBm mV +53 +50 +49 +48 +47 +46 +45 +44 +43 +42 +41 +40 +39 +38 +37 +36 +35 +34 +33 +32 +31 +30 +29 +28 +27 +26 +25 +24 +23 +22 +21 +20 +19 +18 +17 +16 +15 +14 +13 +12 +11 +10 +9 +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 200W 100W 80W 64W 50W 40W 32W 25W 20W 16W 12.5W 10W 8W 6.4W 5W 4W 3.2W 2.5W 2W 1.6W 1.25W 1.0W 800mW 640mW 500mW 400mW 320mW 250mW 200mW 160mW 125mW 100mW 80mW 64mW 50mW 40mW 32mW 25mW 20mW 16mW 12.5mW 10mW 8mW 6.4mW 5mW 4mW 3.2mW 2.5mW 2.0mW 1.6mW 1.25mW -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 1.0mW .80mW .64mW .50mW .40mW .32mW .25mW .20mW .16mW .125mW .10mW -49 -50 -51 -52 -53 -54 -55 -56 -57 -58 -59 -60 -61 -62 -63 -64 100.0 70.7 64.0 58.0 50.0 44.5 40.0 32.5 32.0 28.0 26.2 22.5 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.1 12.5 11.5 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.10 6.40 5.80 5.00 4.45 4.00 3.55 3.20 2.80 2.52 2.25 2.00 1.80 1.60 1.41 1.25 1.15 1.00 .90 .80 .71 .64 .58 .500 .445 .400 .355 .320 .280 .252 .225 .200 .180 .160 .141 .125 .115 .100 .090 .080 .071 .064 .058 .050 .045 .040 .0355 dBm μV dBm mV -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 -22 -23 -24 -25 -26 -27 -28 -29 -30 -31 -32 -33 -34 -35 -36 -37 -38 -39 -40 -41 -42 -43 -44 -45 -46 -47 -48 31.5 28.5 25.1 22.5 20.0 17.9 15.9 14.1 12.8 11.5 10.0 8.9 8.0 7.1 6.25 5.8 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.85 2.5 2.25 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.25 1.18 1.00 0.90 TRM SB Integration Guide Po .01mW .001mW .1μW -65 -66 -67 -68 -69 -70 -71 -72 -73 -74 -75 -76 -77 -78 -79 -80 -81 -82 -83 -84 -85 -86 -87 -88 -89 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 -95 -96 -97 Po 0.80 0.71 .01μW 0.64 0.57 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.351 0.32 0.286 0.251 0.225 .001μW 0.200 0.180 0.160 0.141 128 115 100 90 80 71 65 58 50 45 40 35 32 29 25 22.5 20.0 18.0 16.0 11.1 12.9 11.5 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.1 6.1 5.75 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.51 3.2 Po .1nW .01nW .001nW dBm μV -98 -99 -100 -101 -102 -103 -104 -105 -106 2.9 2.51 2.25 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.41 1.27 1.18 dBm nV -107 -108 -109 -110 -111 -112 -113 -114 -115 -116 -117 -118 -119 -120 -121 -122 -123 -124 -125 -126 -127 -128 -129 -130 -131 -132 -133 -134 -135 -136 -137 -138 -139 -140 1000 900 800 710 640 580 500 450 400 355 325 285 251 225 200 180 160 141 128 117 100 90 80 71 61 58 50 45 40 35 33 29 25 23 Po .1pW Po .01pW .001pW .1ƒW .01ƒW MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A 6.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS If you are new to wireless networks, some of the terms used in this guide may be unfamiliar. The following glossary explains many of these terms and is helpful in understanding the operation of the transceiver. Antenna System Gain—A figure, normally expressed in dB, representing the power increase resulting from the use of a gain-type antenna. System losses (from the feedline and coaxial connectors, for example) are subtracted from this figure to calculate the total antenna system gain. Bit—The smallest unit of digital data, often represented by a one or a zero. Eight bits (plus start, stop, and parity bits) usually comprise a byte. Bits-per-second—See BPS. BPS—Bits-per-second. A measure of the information transfer rate of digital data across a communication channel. Byte—A string of digital data usually made up of eight data bits and start, stop and parity bits. CMII—China Management Methods. Data Circuit-terminating Equipment—See DCE. Data Communications Equipment—See DCE. Data Terminal Equipment—See DTE. dBi—Decibels referenced to an “ideal” isotropic radiator in free space. Frequently used to express antenna gain. dBm—Decibels referenced to one milliwatt. An absolute unit used to measure signal power, as in transmitter power output, or received signal strength. DCE—Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (or Data Communications Equipment). In data communications terminology, this is the “modem” side of a computer-to-modem connection. The transceiver is a DCE device. Decibel (dB)—A measure computed from the ratio between two signal levels. Frequently used to express the gain (or loss) of a system. DTE—Data Terminal Equipment. A device that provides data in the form of digital signals at its output. Connects to the DCE device. MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 25 ETSI—European Telecommunications Standards Institute. A non-profit group that produces and approves standards for use throughout Europe and other locations pertaining to communications equipment and systems. Fade Margin—The greatest tolerable reduction in average received signal strength that is anticipated under most conditions. Provides an allowance for reduced signal strength due to multipath, slight antenna movement, or changing atmospheric losses. A fade margin of 20 is usually sufficient in most systems. Gaussian-Mean Shift Keying (GMSK) Modulation—A form of continuous-phase FSK, in which the phase is changed between bits to provide a constant envelope. Hardware Flow Control—A transceiver feature used to prevent data buffer overruns when handling high-speed data from the RTU or PLC. When the buffer approaches overflow, the radio drops the clear-to-send (CTS) line, which instructs the RTU or PLC to delay further transmission until CTS again returns to the high state. Host Computer—The computer installed at the master station site, which controls the collection of data from one or more remote sites. Latency—The delay (usually expressed in milliseconds) between when data is applied to TXD (Pin 2) at one radio, until it appears at RXD (Pin 3) at the other radio. MAS—Multiple Address System. A radio system where a central master station communicates with several remote stations for the purpose of gathering telemetry data. Master (Station)—Radio which is connected to the host computer. It is the point at which polling enters the network. Multiple Address System—See MAS. PLC—Programmable Logic Controller. A dedicated microprocessor configured for a specific application with discrete inputs and outputs. It can serve as a host or as an RTU. Point-to-Multipoint System—A radio communications network or system designed with a central control station that exchanges data with a number of remote locations equipped with terminal equipment. Poll—A request for data issued from the host computer (or master PLC) to a remote radio. Programmable Logic Controller—See PLC. Received Signal Strength Indication—See RSSI. 26 TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A Redundant Operation—A station arrangement where two transceivers and two power supplies are available for operation, with automatic switchover in case of a failure. Remote (Station)—A radio in a network that communicates with an associated master station. Remote Terminal Unit—See RTU. RSSI—Received Signal Strength Indication. A measure, in dBm, of the strength of the signal received by a radio from an antenna. The radio must be properly calibrated for the RSSI value to be meaningful. RTU—Remote Terminal Unit. A data collection device installed at a remote radio site. SCADA—Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. An overall term for the functions commonly provided through an MAS radio system. Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition—See SCADA. MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A TRM SB Integration Guide 27 28 TRM SB Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A03, Rev. A IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY... GE MDS products are designed for long life and trouble-free operation. However, this equipment, as with all electronic equipment, may have an occasional component failure. The following information will assist you in the event that servicing becomes necessary. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Technical assistance for GE MDS products is available from our Technical Support Department during business hours (8:30 A.M.—6:00 P.M. Eastern Time). When calling, please give the complete model number of the radio, along with a description of the trouble/symptom(s) that you are experiencing. In many cases, problems can be resolved over the telephone, without the need for returning the unit to the factory. Please use one of the following means for product assistance: Phone: 585 241-5510 E-Mail: TechSupport@GEmds.com FAX: 585 242-8369 Web: www.GEmds.com FACTORY SERVICE Component level repair of this equipment is not recommended in the field. Many components are installed using surface mount technology, which requires specialized training and equipment for proper servicing. For this reason, the equipment should be returned to the factory for any PC board repairs. The factory is best equipped to diagnose, repair and align your radio to its proper operating specifications. If return of the equipment is necessary, you must obtain a Service Request Order (SRO) number. This number helps expedite the repair so that the equipment can be repaired and returned to you as quickly as possible. Please be sure to include the SRO number on the outside of the shipping box, and on any correspondence relating to the repair. No equipment will be accepted for repair without an SRO number. SRO numbers are issued online at www.GEmds.com/support/product/sro/. Your number will be issued immediately after the required information is entered. Please be sure to have the model number(s), serial number(s), detailed reason for return, "ship to" address, "bill to" address, and contact name, phone number, and fax number available when requesting an SRO number. A purchase order number or pre-payment will be required for any units that are out of warranty, or for product conversion. If you prefer, you may contact our Product Services department to obtain an SRO number: Phone Number: 585-241-5540 Fax Number: 585-242-8400 E-mail Address: productservices@GEmds.com The radio must be properly packed for return to the factory. The original shipping container and packaging materials should be used whenever possible. All factory returns should be addressed to: GE MDS, LLC Product Services Department (SRO No. XXXX) 175 Science Parkway Rochester, NY 14620 USA When repairs have been completed, the equipment will be returned to you by the same shipping method used to send it to the factory. Please specify if you wish to make different shipping arrangements. To inquire about an in-process repair, you may contact our Product Services Group using the telephone, Fax, or E-mail information given above. GE MDS, LLC 175 Science Parkway Rochester, NY 14620 General Business: +1 585 242-9600 FAX: +1 585 242-9620 Web: www.GEmds.com
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