GE MDS DS-TRM450 TRM450 Data Transceiver User Manual Manual revised

GE MDS LLC TRM450 Data Transceiver Manual revised

Contents

Manual revised

Integration Guide410–470 MHz Data TransceiversTRM 450 OEM SeriesMicrowave Data Systems Inc. MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. ADECEMBER 2003
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................7 1.1 Modem Speed versus Channel Bandwidth ......................................81.2 Frequency Coverage ........................................................................81.3 Radio Operating Modes ...................................................................8Single Frequency (Simplex) Operation...............................................8Switched-Carrier Operation (Half-Duplex)..........................................91.4 Applications ......................................................................................9Point-to-Multipoint, Multiple Address Systems (MAS) ........................9Point-to-Point System .......................................................................101.5 Model Number Codes ....................................................................11 2.0 INSTALLATION DESIGN ...........................................................12 2.1 Mounting the Transceiver ...............................................................132.2 Interface Requirements ..................................................................132.3 Antennas and Feedlines ................................................................14Antennas ..........................................................................................14Feedlines ..........................................................................................152.4 Primary Power (3.3 Vdc) ................................................................15DC Supply Connection .....................................................................15Shutdown Mode (Energy Conservation)...........................................162.5 Data Interface Connections ............................................................16 3.0 TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS .............................................................................19 3.1 Error Messages ..............................................................................213.2 Initial Installation—Radio and Data Configuration ..........................21 4.0 TROUBLESHOOTING...............................................................23 5.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE .......................................................24 5.1 TRM 450 Transceiver Specifications ..............................................245.2 Test and Evaluation Assembly .......................................................255.3 Vendors for Connectors ..................................................................285.4 dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion Chart ................................................30 6.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS............................................................31
iv TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A Copyright Notice This Installation and Operation Guide and all software described herein are protected by copyright: 2003 Microwave Data Systems Inc . All rights reserved.Microwave Data Systems Inc. reserves its right to correct any errors and omissions in this publication. Antenna Installation Warning 1. All antenna installation and servicing is to be performed by qualified technical personnel only. When servicing the antenna, or working at distances closer than those listed below, ensure the transmitter has been disabled. 2. Typically, the antenna connected to the transmitter is a directional (high gain) antenna, fixed-mounted on the side or top of a building, or on a tower. Depending upon the application and the gain of the antenna, the total composite power could exceed 90 watts ERP. The antenna location should be such that only qualified technical per-sonnel can access it, and that under normal operating conditions no other person can touch the antenna or approach within 2.3 meters of the antenna. ISO 9001 Registration Microwave Data Systems adheres to this internationally accepted quality system standard. MDS Quality Policy Statement We, the employees of Microwave Data Systems Inc., are committed to understanding and exceeding our customer’s needs and expectations.• We appreciate our customer’s patronage. They are our business.• We promise to serve them and anticipate their needs.• We are committed to providing solutions that are cost effective, innovative and reliable, with consistently high levels of quality.• We are committed to the continuous improvement of all of our systems and processes, to improve product quality and increase customer satisfaction.RF ExposureSeparation distancesrequired for FCC RFExposure compliance Antenna Gain versus Recommended Safety Distance (TRM 450 Series) Antenna Gain (TRM 450 Series)0–5 dBi 5–10 dBi 10–16.5 dBiMinimum RF Safety Distance 0.6 meter 1.06 meters 2.3 meters
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide v ESD Notice To prevent malfunction or damage to this product, which may be caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), the radio should be properly grounded at the time of installation. In addition, the installer or main-tainer should follow proper ESD precautions, such as touching a bare metal object to dissipate body charge, prior to touching components or connecting/disconnecting cables. Manual Revision and Accuracy While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual, product improvements may result in minor differences between the manual and the product shipped to you. If you have addi-tional questions or need an exact specification for a product, please con-tact our Customer Service Team using the information at the back of this guide. In addition, manual updates can often be found on the MDS Web site at www.microwavedata.com. FCC Part 15 Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be deter-mined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:• Reorient or locate the receiving antenna. • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party respon-sible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equip-ment.
vi TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION This guide presents installation and operating instructions for the TRM 450 digital radio transceiver. The radio is a compact, modular board well suited to user-designed customer integration with remote terminal units (RTUs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), automatic banking machines, or similar equipment.The transceiver (Figure 1) is a data telemetry radio designed to operate in a point-to-multipoint environment, such as electric utility Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and distribution automation, gas field automation, water and wastewater SCADA, and on-line transaction processing applications. The radio employs microprocessor control to provide highly reliable communications, even under adverse conditions.TRM 450 radios use Gaussian-mean shift keying (GMSK) modulation. Invisible place holder Figure 1. TRM 450 Data Transceiver
8 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A 1.1 Modem Speed versus Channel Bandwidth The TRM 450 can be configured by the user to one-of-six arrangements dependent on the permissible values of over-the-air data baud rate ( BAUD ), Gaussian filtering ( BT ), and channel bandwidth ( BW ). The valid configurations are:The current configuration will be displayed by the MODEM command. These parameters are independent of any other user-controllable operating parameter. 1.2 Frequency Coverage The TRM 450 series radios are available for operation in one of three the frequency subbands between 410–470 MHz. The subbands are: 410–430 MHz, 430–450 MHz and 450–470 MHz. Any combination of transmitter and receiver operating frequencies can be programmed within the subband of the TRM 450, including a simplex (TX = RX) pair. NOTE: Each of the three radio frequency ranges (subband) are factory set and cannot be changed by the user. 1.3 Radio Operating Modes Single Frequency (Simplex) Operation Single frequency operation (also known as simplex) is a special case of switched carrier operation. Single frequency operation is automatically selected whenever the transmit and receive frequencies are set to the same value. Table 1. Permissible Data Configurations Baud (bps)Receive Bandwidth (BW) BT 19200 25.0 kHz .316000 25.0 kHz .39600 25.0kHz .59600 12.5 kHz .38000 25 kHz .58000 12.5 kHz .34800 25.0 kHz .54800 12.5 kHz .5
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 9 Switched-Carrier Operation (Half-Duplex) Switched-carrier operation is a half-duplex mode where the master station transmitter is keyed to send data and unkeyed to receive. MDS’ TRM 450 radios operate in switched-carrier mode and are keyed when data is present. NOTE: TRM 450 radios do not support full-duplex operation (i.e.,transmitting and receiving at the same time). For informationon other MDS products that provide this capability, contact your sales representative. 1.4 Applications Point-to-Multipoint, Multiple Address Systems (MAS) Point-to-multipoint (MAS) is the most common application of the transceiver. It consists of a central master station and several associated remote units as shown in Figure 2. An MAS network provides communications between a central host computer and remote terminal units (RTUs) or other data collection devices. The operation of the radio system is “transparent” to the computer equipment. That is, the radio system transports the data in its original form, making no changes to the data format.Often, the radio system is used to replace a network of remote monitors currently linked to a central location by leased telephone lines. At the central office of such a system, there is usually a large mainframe computer and some means of switching between individual lines coming from each remote monitor. In this type of system, there is a modulator/demodulator (modem) at the main computer and at each remote site, usually built into the remote monitor itself. Since the cost of leasing a dedicated-pair telephone line is quite high, radio is frequently used as an alternative communication medium.
10 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A Invisible place holder Figure 2. MAS Point-to-Multipoint Network (Two remote stations shown—four or more are typically used) Point-to-Point System Where permitted, the transceiver may also be used in a point-to-point arrangement. A point-to-point system consists of just two radios—one serving as a master and the other as a remote—as shown in Figure 3. It provides a simplex or half-duplex communications link for the transfer of data between two locations. Invisible place holder Figure 3. Typical Point-to-Point LinkradioHOSTCOMPUTERMASTERSTATIONRTUradioREMOTERTUradioREMOTEradioHOSTCOMPUTERMASTERSTATIONRTUradioREMOTE
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 11 1.5 Model Number Codes The radio model number is printed on the PC board or on the radio enclosure, and provides key information about how the radio was configured when was shipped from the factory. See Figure 4 for an explanation of the model number characters. Invisible place holder Figure 4. TRM 450 Model Number Codes (As found on the serial number and identification label) OPERATING MODET–TRANSCEIVERR–RECEIVE ONLYTRM 450FREQUENCY BAND1 410 – 430 MHZ2 430 – 450 MHZ3 450 – 470 MHZAGENCY APPROVALE–ETSIF–FCCTHIS INFORMATION IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE.DO NOT USE FOR PRODUCT ORDERING.
12 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A 2.0 INSTALLATION DESIGN The TRM 450 is designed to be part of a larger electronic device or system. It must be provided with adequate and stable primary power, a complementary data interface and RF antenna system connections. An appropriate antenna is the only external device that is needed.Connections to the TRM 450 are through two connections: data and power through an AVX Series 5046 fine-pitch ( DATA INTERFACE) connector and RF signalling through PCB pads to a SMT PCB-to-PCB pressure-contact coaxial connector. These connections require a stable support for the TRM 450 module with positive pressure by the RF connector on the RF I/O pads (J300/301). Figure 5 shows the external connections for the transceiver. Invisible place holder Figure 5. External Connections to the Transceiver Board (Bottom View of PCB) The TRM 450 has all of its electronic circuitry enclosed in RF shields to minimize interaction with nearby electronic products. The transceiver module is compliant with FCC Part 90 and Part 15 in the 410–470 MHz band. The transmitter can be set to produce 2 Watts of RF output. Careful selection and/or design of the radio transmission line is important to minimizing RFI to nearby electronic devices.This unit must be provided with a good antenna system optimal communication range and reliability. A secondary benefit is an opportunity to run the system at the lowest possible power level, a lower primary power consumption, and reduced chances of interference.RF I/O PADSDATA & POWER INTERFACECONNECTOR(J300/301)(J100)
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 13 The data interface will support a variety of system designs. Use only the required pins for the application. Refer to the complete list of pin functions in Table 4 on Page 17. 2.1 Mounting the Transceiver Figure 6 shows the mounting dimensions of the transceiver PC board. The board should be secured to the mounting surface using the holes provided at each corner of the assembly. (Fasteners are not supplied.) Invisible place holder Figure 6. Transceiver Mounting Dimensions 2.2 Interface Requirements It is highly beneficial to provide for electronic access to the TRM 450 module after it is installed in your product or system. This allows for module configuration and control, frequency changes when needed, antenna system optimization, and diagnostic activities.In addition, it would be beneficial to provide field service personnel a technique for directly monitoring the test and diagnostic indicators produced by the unit to indicate the incoming radio signal strength (RSSI), and the radio synthesizer’s unfiltered out-of-lock indicator. .1400.0000.0002.472.61.1401.5551.6952.7501.8352.33.140DataConnector.090" .090".050".050".010.7752.4651.110.090.050
14 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A Table 2 summarizes minimal recommended access requirements for field setup and servicing of the TRM 450 radio transceiver. Other interface signal functions may be of use to field service personnel or as part of a diagnostic design for the whole user-defined package. 2.3 Antennas and Feedlines Antennas The transceiver can be used with a number of antennas. The exact style depends on the physical size and layout of the radio system. Suitable antennas are available from several manufacturers, including MDS.At master stations, omni-directional antennas (Figure 7) are typically used to provide equal coverage to all remote sites in the network. Invisible place holder Figure 7. Typical Omni-directional Antenna for Master Stations (Shown mounted to mast) Table 2. Configuration and Evaluation Signals FunctionData Interface Pin Signal Type ) Description Enable Configuration 11 Low = Enabled Enables terminal interaction with module. Disables payload throughput.Received (RF) Signal Strength Signal Indicator—RSSI12 Analog 0–3 Vdc Aid to aiming antenna system and determining presence of radio signalsSynthesizer Lock 2 H = LockedL = Out-of-LockUnprocessed indicator of state of transceiver’s frequency synthesizer.Signal may contain inconsequential transients
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 15 At remote sites, a directional Yagi (Figure 8) or corner reflector antenna is generally recommended to minimize interference to and from other users. Invisible place holder Figure 8. Typical Yagi Antenna for Remote Sites Feedlines The selection of antenna feedline is very important. Poor quality cables should be avoided as they result in power losses that may reduce the range and reliability of the radio system.Table 3 shows the losses that occur when using various lengths and types of cable at 400 MHz. Regardless of the type of cable used, it should be kept as short as possible to minimize signal loss. 2.4 Primary Power (3.3 Vdc) DC Supply Connection The transceiver can be operated from any well-filtered 3.3 Vdc power source through the DATA INTERFACE connector. The power supply must be capable of providing at least 1.5 Amperes and provide current limiting even if you intend to operate the radio at low power (0.5 Watts). NOTE: The radio is designed for use in negative ground systems only.There is no fuse or reverse polarity protection provided on theTRM 450 PCB assembly.Table 3. Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 400 MHzCable Type 10 Feet(3.05 Meters) 50 Feet(15.24 Meters) 100 Feet(30.48 Meters) 500 Feet(152.4 Meters)RG-8A/U 0.51dB 2.53 dB 5.07 dB 25.35 dB1/2 inch HELIAX 0.12 dB 0.76 dB 1.51 dB 7.55 dB7/8 inch HELIAX 0.08 dB 0.42 dB 0.83 dB 4.15 dB1-1/4 inch HELIAX 0.06 dB 0.31 dB 0.62 dB 3.10 dB1-5/8 inch HELIAX 0.05 dB 0.26 dB 0.52 dB 2.60 dBCAUTIONPOSSIBLEEQUIPMENTDAMAGE
16 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. AThe positive (+) DC power must be provided through pins 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,and 28. The data signal and DC power current return (–) should be connected to pins 1, 7, 9, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 30. (See Figure 5 on Page 12 for details.)Shutdown Mode (Energy Conservation)In some installations, such as at solar-powered sites, it may be necessary to keep the transceiver’s power consumption to an absolute minimum. This can be accomplished by configuring the data device (RTU, PLC, etc.) to ground the DATA INTERFACE connector Pin 29 to power-down the radio until communication to other devices is needed. All radio and microprocessor activity is disabled when the radio is in the shutdown mode. When the ground is removed from Pin 29, the radio is ready to operate within 75 milliseconds.2.5 Data Interface ConnectionsThe transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE connector is configured as a DCE (modem) and supports over-the-air asynchronous data rates up to 19200 bps. (4800, 8000, 9600, 16000, and 19200 bps) The DATA INTERFACE is normally connected to a device/circuit with a TTL interface. Refer to Figure 9 and Table 4 for a detailed description of each pin on the DATA INTERFACE connector.Some pins on the DATA INTERFACE connector are used for factory testing. Use only the required pins for the application. Damage may result if improper connections are made. CAUTIONUSE ONLY REQUIRED PINS
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 17Invisible place holderFigure 9. Data Interface Connector (As viewed from above)Table 4. DATA INTERFACE Connector Pinouts PinNumber Input/Output Pin Description1 IN/OUT Ground2 OUT RF synthesizer lock detect signal• High = locked (Radio ready for service)• Low = Out-of-lock (Radio disabled)• Raw / “unfiltered”3INTX Data—Transmit Data (payload) in normal operation4 OUT CD—Carrier Detect• Low whenever RSSI exceeds the programmed CDR threshold. • Detects RF activity on the radio channel regarless of the signals modulation type or data protocol.5 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal)6 OUT RX Clock—Always applicable when receiving• Goes from low to high at the center of each RX Data bit (receive mode)• Provided when transmitting if “CLK RX” is programmed• Goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit• Continuously high when transceiver is in Configuration Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low)7 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal)8 OUT TX Clock—Transmit Data Clock• Only applicable when “CLK TX” is programmed and TX ON is asserted• Clock goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit• Continuously high when in Configuration Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low), or when “CLK RX” is selected9 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal)
18 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A10 Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only.11 IN CONFIG—Configure Radio• High puts radio in normal payload mode to receive or transmit data at the programmed rate• Low puts radio in setup mode to communicate with the processor at 38.4 kbps asynchronously12 OUT RSSI—Receive Signal Strength Indicator • Analog voltage between 0 and 3 Vdc proportional to signal strength on the channel13 IN TX ON—Request to key radio transmitter• High puts radio in transmit mode• Low puts radio in receive mode14 OUT RX Data—Receive Data• Receive data (off-the-air) in normal operation• Control data from the processor in setup mode15 OUT RX Audio—Filtered receive audio • For test purposes only16 Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only.17 Not used – Do not connect18 Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver19 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal)20 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal)21 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal)22 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal)23 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver24 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver25 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver26 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver27 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver28 IN Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver29 IN Shutdown Mode• Low puts radio in low-power shutdown• High or open allows normal operation 30 IN/OUT Ground (Power and signal)Table 4. DATA INTERFACE Connector Pinouts (Continued)PinNumber Input/Output Pin Description
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 193.0 TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDSThe transceiver’s configuration and diagnostics are performed through the radio’s DATA INTERFACE connector through a “dumb” data terminal interface—either a personal computer or dedicated terminal. An EIA/RS-232 to TTL converter circuit may be required depending on your installation design. Configuration and diagnostic activities may be performed with the TRM 450 removed from the user equipment or as an installed module in your design.If you choose to setup the TRM 450 before its final installation, you may find using MDS’ TRM 450 Test and Evaluation Assembly a convenient tool. (See Test and Evaluation Assembly on Page 25 for more detail.)Table 5 lists each command entry and a brief description of its purpose. Programmable information is shown in brackets [ ] following the command name.To enter a command, type the command, followed by an keystroke. For programming commands, the command is followed by and the appropriate information or values, then . Table 5. Command Summary Command FunctionMODEM MODEM—Data ConfigurationResponse indicates:Payload data rate (BAUD) + Gaussian Bandwidth x Data Rate (BT) + Channel Spacing (BW)For example: 9.6Kbps BT=.5 25KHz.NOTE: Provides only an informational display. The command cannot be used to configure the radio.TX [xxx.xxxxx] Transmit RF Channel Frequency• The frequency must be within the operating range for the unit. • Up to 5 digits can be entered after the decimal point. Trailing zeros are not required. • Frequencies can be in either 5 or 6.25 kHz increments.BAUD [xxxxx] “Over-the-Air” Modem Speed• Options: 4800, 8000, 9600, 16000 and 19200• For synchronous payload data through the DATA INTERFACE port (J100)NOTES: • Must complement BT and BW values. (See Table 1 on Page 8.)• Data rate for serial data (RXD/TXD) diagnostic/command interface is always 38400ENTERSPACE ENTER
20 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. ABT [.x] Relative TX Bandwidth• Valid options are .3 and .5• Leading zero (Ø) not permittedNOTE: Must complement BAUD and BW values. (See Table 1 on Page 8.)BW [xx.x] Channel Bandwidth• Options: 25 and 12.5 kHzNOTE: Must complement BT and BW values. (See Table 1 on Page 8.)CLK [xx] Clock Output PinSelects which serial clock line to use for transmit operation. • Options: TX and RX• TX = Pin 8/TXC• RX = Pin 6/RXCCDR [–xxx] Receiver Carrier Detect Threshold • Inhibits the receiver from processing an incoming signal unless it is above the setting’s level.• Range: –50 to –120 NOTE: A setting of -120 removes any limitation on signal detection.CDT [–xxx] Transmit Carrier Detect Threshold Inhibits the transmitter from operating in the presence of a strong on-channel signal until the signal level is below the setting level.• Range: –50 to –120 NOTES:• –50 will effectively allow transmissions anytime• –120 will effectively prohibit transmissions. • Minus sign (–) required for data entry PWR [x] RF Power Output LevelOptions: H = High Power (2 Watts)L = Low Power (0.5 Watts)SCRAM [xxx] Data Scrambler/Descrambler ON/OFF Options: ON or OFF SREV [xxx] Software Revision of installed firmwareSER Serial Number of the radioRSSI Received Signal Strength Indictor• Displays the current received RF signal level• One measurement per request by command• Reading is accurate to within 3 dB from –100 dBm to –60 dBmNOTE: A continuous RSSI signal available during receive state on the DATA INTERFACE connector (J100-Pin12).Table 5. Command Summary (Continued)Command Function
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 213.1 Error MessagesListed below are some possible error messages that may be encountered when using the terminal interface:UNKNOWN COMMAND—The command was not recognized. Refer to the command description for command usage information.INCORRECT ENTRY—The command format or its associated values were not valid. Refer to the command description for command usage information.COMMAND FAILED—The command was unable to successfully complete. This may indicate an internal software problem.NOT PROGRAMMED—Software was unable to program the internal radio memory or the requested item was not programmed. This is a serious internal radio error. Contact MDS for assistance.TEXT TOO LONG—Response to OWN command when too many characters have been entered. Refer to the command description for command usage information.NOT AVAILABLE—The entered command or parameter was valid, but it referred to a currently unavailable choice. Refer to the command description for command usage information.3.2 Initial Installation—Radio and Data OWN [xxx] Owner’s MessageDisplays an optional owner message• Enter OWN to display current entry.• Enter OWN followed by up to 30 characters to program.KEY Transmitter Carrier Key• Test command for technicians to key the radio with a unmodulated carrier.• Use DKEY command to cease transmissionNOTES: • Use only for test purposes.• No time-out timer on this function.DKEY Unkey Transmitter Test CarrierTable 5. Command Summary (Continued)Command Function
22 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. AConfigurationBelow are the basic steps for setting up of the transceiver once it is installed in the user’s product. In many cases, these steps alone are sufficient to complete the installation. This procedure assumes the TRM 450 has been installed in your system/product and suitable connections have been provided for a terminal interface and antenna.3. Install the antenna and antenna feedline for the station. Preset directional antennas in the desired direction of transmission and reception.4. Connect a terminal (computer with emulations software) to the TRM 450 through the user’s product interface. (async @ 38400 w/8N1)5. Enable the configuration mode for the TRM 450 radio. (Ground Pin 11 of the radio transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE.) DIAGNOSTICS OPEN will appear on the terminal screen terminal once diagnostics communication with the radio is established.6. Review the existing essential TRM 450 configuration parameters through a series of terminal commands.•MODEM—Data ConfigurationResponse indicates:Payload data rate (BAUD)Gaussian Bandwidth x Data Rate (BT)Channel Spacing (BW)For example: 9.6Kbps BT=.5 25KHz.•PWR—RF Power OutputResponses: H = 2 Watts, L = 0.5 Watts7. Check and set the radio transmit and receive frequencies.NOTE: The operating frequencies are typically not set at the factory.Determine the transmit and receive frequencies to be used, andfollow the steps below to program them. The TRM 450 mustbe programmed for the frequencies for which you hold a validlicense and be within the radio’s operating subband. (SeeFigure 4 on Page 11 for guidance in identifying the radio’soperating band.)a. Set the transmit frequency with the TX xxx.xxxxx command.Press after the command.ENTER
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 23b. Set the receive frequency with the RX xxx.xxxxx command.Press after the command.c. After programming any parameter, PROGRAMMED OK will be displayed to indicate a successful entry.8. Review and reprogram any other parameters as necessary to complement your system requirements. (See Table 5 on Page 19 for a list of all user commands.)9. Optimize the antenna installation by measuring the received signal strength of the other station with which this station will be communicating. Monitor the TRM 450’s RSSI level. Rotate the station antenna until the signal is the strongest. The less negative the value, the stronger the incoming radio signal.The received signal should be at least –90 dBm. This value will provide a safety margin (fade margin) to prevent loss of communications through signal reduction (fading) caused by weather conditions, changes in station location if mobile, or other obstructions temporarily positioned between communicating TRM 450 stations.10. Disconnect the terminal interface and the ground from Pin 11 from the DATA INTERFACE connector.11. Connect the data equipment to the transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE connector and test for normal operation.4.0 TROUBLESHOOTINGSuccessful troubleshooting of the radio system is not difficult, but it requires a logical approach. It is best to begin troubleshooting at the master station, as the rest of the system depends on the master for polling commands. If the master station has problems, the operation of the entire network can be compromised.It is good practice to start by checking the simple things. For proper operation, all radios in the network must meet these basic requirements:•Adequate and stable primary power.•Secure connections (RF, data, and power).•An efficient and properly aligned antenna system with a good received signal strength (at least –90 dBm). It is possible for a system to operate with weaker signals, but reliability may be degraded. ENTER
24 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A•Proper programming of the transceiver’s operating parameters (see Section 3.0, TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS).•The correct interface between the transceiver and the connected data equipment (correct cable wiring, proper data format, timing, etc.).5.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE5.1 TRM 450 Transceiver SpecificationsRADIO TYPESynthesized, half duplex, 6.25 and 5.0 kHz channel spacing, split frequency, or simplexENVIRONMENTALTemperature Range: –30 to +60 degrees CHumidity: 0 to 95% at 40 degrees CBoard Dimensions: 2.75″ W x 0.4″ H x 1.75″ D7.0 cm W x 1.10 cm H x 4.4 cm DWeight: x.x oz. (x.x kg)Enclosure: None. Open-frame PCB with digital/RF circuit shieldTRANSMITTERFrequency Range: 410 – 430 MHz430 – 450 MHz450 – 470 MHzFrequency Increments: 6.25 and 5.0 kHzFrequency Stability: 1.5 ppm, –30 to +60 degrees CChannel Spacing: 6.25 and 5.0 kHzModulation Type: GMSK (Gaussian-mean Shift Keying)Carrier Power: 0.5 W, 2 W programmable(+27 DBM, +33 dBm)Duty Cycle: 50%Output Impedance: 50 ohmsRF Connection: Pads for SMT IMP 3 mm RF connectorSpurious and Harmonics: –65 dBcTransmitter Keying: On reception of dataKey-up Time: 2 msData Rate Over-the-Air : 4800, 8000, 9600, 16000, and 19200 bps (Rate user-selectable via BAUD command)RECEIVERType: Double conversion superheterodyne(45 MHz IF)Frequency Range: 410 – 430 MHz430 – 450 MHz450 – 470 MHzFrequency Increments: 6.25 kHz
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 25Frequency Stability: 1.5 ppm, –30 to +60 degrees CSpurious and Image Rejection: –70 dBSensitivity: 12 dB SINAD @ –119 dBm @ 4800 bps12 dB SINAD @ –116 dBm @ 19200 bpsIntermodulation Rejection: –70 dB minimumSelectivity: 60 dB typical at adjacent channel (EIA)Bandwidth: 12.5 kHzDATA INTERFACEConnector: AVX fine-pitch 5046 series Signaling: TTLData Rate—Diagnostics: 38400 bps asynchronousData Rate—Payload: 38400 bps synchronous Flow-Control: Synchronous serial with clock supplied by the radio in bursts of 8 bits (when the radio is ready)Data Latency: < 20 ms typicalPRIMARY POWERVoltage: 3.3 Vdc (3.2–3.6) via Data Interface connectorRX Current at 3.3 Vdc (typical): 112 mATX Current at 3.3 Vdc (typical): 1.8 A @ high power (2W)750 mA @ low power (0.5W)Current Limit/Polarity Protection: External; User-provided5.2 Test and Evaluation AssemblyA PCB assembly (03-6053A02) is available from MDS to facilitate bench testing, programming and evaluation of the TRM 450 transceiver module. This module features:•Mounting Posts for aligning and securing TRM 450 module•3.3 Vdc Power Input Receptacle•6–12 Vdc Power Input Receptacle•DB-25 Data Interface (Female) providing EIA/RS-232 to TTL signalling conversion•Radio Configuration Mode Enable (Manual Jumper)•Activity LEDs:TXDRXDTX CLOCKRX CLOCKCARRIER DETECTTEST (Reserved)•Antenna Connector–RF I/O (TNC)•Receiver Analog Output through DB-25 interface connector
26 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. ANOTE: The Test and Evaluation Assembly is not intended for service in a permanent installation in a user-designed product or system.Invisible place holderFigure 10. Test and Evaluation PCB Assembly(With TRM 450 module installed and retainers on RF connector end.)3.3 VDC INTRM 450 MODULE6–12 VDC INEIA/RS-232 I/OTEST ANTENNA/LOAD DB-25(F)ACTIVITYLEDS Table 6. DB-25 Interface Connector PinoutsTest and Evaluation PCB PinNumber Input/Output Pin Description 1 IN/OUT Ground (Signal)2IN TX Data—Transmit Data (payload) in normal operation3 OUT RX Data—Receive Data • Receive data (off-the-air) in normal operation• Control data from the processor in setup mode4 OUT TX ON—Request to key radio transmitter • High puts radio in transmit mode• Low puts radio in receive mode56 No connection7 IN/OUT Ground (Signal)8 OUT CD—Carrier Detect• Low whenever RSSI exceeds the programmed CDR threshold. • Detects RF activity on the radio channel without consideration for the signals modulation type or protocol.9 Factory Test– Do not connect
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 27 10 No connection11 OUT RX Audio—Filtered receive audio • For test purposes only• Also available through J109 (Pin 1 – Out, Pin 2 – GND)12 IN Shutdown • Low = Radio powered down (off-line)13 OUT RF synthesizer lock detect signal • High = locked (Radio ready for service)• Low = Out-of-lock (Radio disabled)• Raw / “unfiltered”14 No connection15 OUT TX Clock—Transmit Data Clock • Only applicable when “ CLK TX ” is programmed and TX ON is asserted• Clock goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit• Continuously high when in Configuration Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low), or when “ CLK RX ” is selected16 No connection17 OUT RX Clock— Always applicable when receiving• Goes from low to high at the center of each RX Data bit (receive mode)• Provided when transmitting if “ CLK RX ” is programmed• Goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit• Continuously high when transceiver is in Configuration Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low)18 Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only.19 No connection20 No connection Table 6. DB-25 Interface Connector PinoutsTest and Evaluation PCB (Continued)PinNumber Input/Output Pin Description
28 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A5.3 Vendors for ConnectorsThe following are vendors of interface connectors that may be used on customer-designed interfaces or equipment connected to the TRM 450. These are not the only sources of these devices nor does this listing represent an endorsement by Microwave Data Systems. Data Interface Connector30-Pin PCB SMT Receptacle, J100MDS: 73-3463A12AVX: 14-5046-030-630-82930-Pin PCB SMT Plug, Mates with J100MDS: 73-3463A13AVX: 24-5046-030-600-829Vendor:AVX CorporationWeb: www.AVXcorp.com21 OUT RSSI—Receive Signal Strength Indicator • Analog voltage between 0 and 3 Vdc proportional to signal strength on the channel22 No connection23 IN CONFIG—Configure Radio• High (unterminated) puts radio in normal payload mode to receive or transmit data at the programmed rate• Low (Ground/J108 Jumpered) puts radio in setup mode to communicate with the processor at 38.4 kbps asynchronously24 No connection25 No connectionTable 6. DB-25 Interface Connector PinoutsTest and Evaluation PCB (Continued)PinNumber Input/Output Pin Description
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 29 RF Coaxial ConnectorPCB SMT Connector Mounted on user’s mating PCB to make contact with TRM 450 RF pads J300/301MDS: 73-1022A53Radiall: R107.064.020Vendor:Radiall SA101 Rue Philibert Hoffmann93116 Rosny Sous BoisFranceTel: + 33 1 49 35 35 35FAX: + 33 1 49 35 35 14Web: www. Radiall.com
30 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A5.4 dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion ChartTable 7 is provided as a convenience for determining the equivalent wattage or voltage of an RF power expressed in dBm.Table 7. dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion—for 50 Ohm SystemsdBm V Po+53 100.0 200W+50 70.7 100W+49 64.0 80W+48 58.0 64W+47 50.0 50W+46 44.5 40W+45 40.0 32W+44 32.5 25W+43 32.0 20W+42 28.0 16W+41 26.2 12.5W+40 22.5 10W+39 20.0 8W+38 18.0 6.4W+37 16.0 5W+36 14.1 4W+35 12.5 3.2W+34 11.5 2.5W+33 10.0 2W+32 9.0 1.6W+31 8.0 1.25W+30 7.10 1.0W+29 6.40 800mW+28 5.80 640mW+27 5.00 500mW+26 4.45 400mW+25 4.00 320mW+24 3.55 250mW+23 3.20 200mW+22 2.80 160mW+21 2.52 125mW+20 2.25 100mW+19 2.00 80mW+18 1.80 64mW+17 1.60 50mW+16 1.41 40mW+15 1.25 32mW+14 1.15 25mW+13 1.00 20mW+12 .90 16mW+11 .80 12.5mW+10 .71 10mW+9 .64 8mW+8 .58 6.4mW+7 .500 5mW+6 .445 4mW+5 .400 3.2mW+4 .355 2.5mW+3 .320 2.0mW+2 .280 1.6mW+1 .252 1.25mWdBm V Po0 .225 1.0mW-1 .200 .80mW-2 .180 .64mW-3 .160 .50mW-4 .141 .40mW-5 .125 .32mW-6 .115 .25mW-7 .100 .20mW-8 .090 .16mW-9 .080 .125mW-10 .071 .10mW-11 .064-12 .058-13 .050-14 .045-15 .040-16 .0355dBm mV Po-17 31.5-18 28.5-19 25.1-20 22.5 .01mW-21 20.0-22 17.9-23 15.9-24 14.1-25 12.8-26 11.5-27 10.0-28 8.9-29 8.0-30 7.1 .001mW-31 6.25-32 5.8-33 5.0-34 4.5-35 4.0-36 3.5-37 3.2-38 2.85-39 2.5-40 2.25 .1µW-41 2.0-42 1.8-43 1.6-44 1.4-45 1.25-46 1.18-47 1.00-48 0.90dBm mV Po-49 0.80-50 0.71 .01µW-51 0.64-52 0.57-53 0.50-54 0.45-55 0.40-56 0.351-57 0.32-58 0.286-59 0.251-60 0.225 .001µW-61 0.200-62 0.180-63 0.160-64 0.141dBm µV Po-65 128-66 115-67 100-68 90-69 80-70 71 .1nW-71 65-72 58-73 50-74 45-75 40-76 35-77 32-78 29-79 25-80 22.5 .01nW-81 20.0-82 18.0-83 16.0-84 11.1-85 12.9-86 11.5-87 10.0-88 9.0-89 8.0-90 7.1 .001nW-91 6.1-92 5.75-93 5.0-94 4.5-95 4.0-96 3.51-97 3.2dBm µV Po-98 2.9-99 2.51-100 2.25 .1pW-101 2.0-102 1.8-103 1.6-104 1.41-105 1.27-106 1.18dBm nV Po-107 1000-108 900-109 800-110 710 .01pW-111 640-112 580-113 500-114 450-115 400-116 355-117 325-118 285-119 251-120 225 .001pW-121 200-122 180-123 160-124 141-125 128-126 117-127 100-128 90-129 80 .1ƒW-130 71-131 61-132 58-133 50-134 45-135 40-136 35-137 33-138 29-139 25-140 23 .01ƒW
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 316.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMSIf you are new to digital radio systems, some of the terms used in this guide may be unfamiliar. The following glossary explains many of these terms and is helpful in understanding the operation of the transceiver.Antenna System Gain—A figure, normally expressed in dB, representing the power increase resulting from the use of a gain-type antenna. System losses (from the feedline and coaxial connectors, for example) are subtracted from this figure to calculate the total antenna system gain.Bit—The smallest unit of digital data, often represented by a one or a zero. Eight bits (plus start, stop, and parity bits) usually comprise a byte.Bits-per-second—See BPS.BPS—Bits-per-second. A measure of the information transfer rate of digital data across a communication channel.Byte—A string of digital data usually made up of eight data bits and start, stop and parity bits.Data Circuit-terminating Equipment—See DCE.Data Communications Equipment—See DCE.Data Terminal Equipment—See DTE.dBi—Decibels referenced to an “ideal” isotropic radiator in free space. Frequently used to express antenna gain.dBm—Decibels referenced to one milliwatt. An absolute unit used to measure signal power, as in transmitter power output, or received signal strength.DCE—Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (or Data Communications Equipment). In data communications terminology, this is the “modem” side of a computer-to-modem connection. The MDS TRM 450 is a DCE device.Decibel (dB)—A measure computed from the ratio between two signal levels. Frequently used to express the gain (or loss) of a system.DTE—Data Terminal Equipment. A device that provides data in the form of digital signals at its output. Connects to the DCE device.ETSI—European Telecommunications Standards Institute. A non-profit group that produces and approves standards for use throughout Europe and other locations pertaining to communications equipment and systems.
32 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. AFade Margin—The greatest tolerable reduction in average received signal strength that is anticipated under most conditions. Provides an allowance for reduced signal strength due to multipath, slight antenna movement, or changing atmospheric losses. A fade margin of 20 is usually sufficient in most systems.Gaussian-Mean Shift Keying (GMSK) Modulation—A form of continuous-phase FSK, in which the phase is changed between bits to provide a constant envelope.Hardware Flow Control—A transceiver feature used to prevent data buffer overruns when handling high-speed data from the RTU or PLC. When the buffer approaches overflow, the radio drops the clear-to-send (CTS) line, which instructs the RTU or PLC to delay further transmission until CTS again returns to the high state.Host Computer—The computer installed at the master station site, which controls the collection of data from one or more remote sites.Latency—The delay (usually expressed in milliseconds) between when data is applied to TXD (Pin 2) at one radio, until it appears at RXD (Pin 3) at the other radio.MAS—Multiple Address System. A radio system where a central master station communicates with several remote stations for the purpose of gathering telemetry data.Master (Station)—Radio which is connected to the host computer. It is the point at which polling enters the network.Multiple Address System—See MAS.PLC—Programmable Logic Controller. A dedicated microprocessor configured for a specific application with discrete inputs and outputs. It can serve as a host or as an RTU.Point-to-Multipoint System—A radio communications network or system designed with a central control station that exchanges data with a number of remote locations equipped with terminal equipment.Poll—A request for data issued from the host computer (or master PLC) to a remote radio.Programmable Logic Controller—See PLC.Received Signal Strength Indication—See RSSI.Redundant Operation—A station arrangement where two transceivers and two power supplies are available for operation, with automatic switchover in case of a failure.
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A TRM 450 Integration Guide 33Remote (Station)—A radio in a network that communicates with an associated master station.Remote Terminal Unit—See RTU.RSSI—Received Signal Strength Indication. A measure, in dBm, of the strength of the signal received by a radio from an antenna. The radio must be properly calibrated for the RSSI value to be meaningful.RTU—Remote Terminal Unit. A data collection device installed at a remote radio site.SCADA—Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. An overall term for the functions commonly provided through an MAS radio system.Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition—See SCADA.
34 TRM 450 Integration Guide MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY...MDS products are designed for long life and trouble-free operation. However, this equipment, as with all electronic equipment may have an occasional component failure. The following informa-tion will assist you in the event that servicing becomes necessary.FACTORY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCETechnical assistance for MDS products is available from our Customer Support Team during business hours (8:00 A.M.–5:30 P.M. Eastern Time). When calling, please give the complete model number of the radio, along with a description of the trouble symptom(s) that you are expe-riencing. In many cases, problems can be resolved over the telephone, without the need for returning the unit to the factory.Please use the following telephone numbers for product assistance:716-242-9600 (Phone)716-242-9620 (Fax)FACTORY REPAIRSComponent-level repair of radio equipment is not recommended in the field. Many components are installed using surface mount technology, which requires specialized training and equipment for proper servicing. For this reason, the equipment should be returned to the factory for any PC board repairs. The factory is best equipped to diagnose, repair and align your radio to its proper operating specifications.If return of the equipment is necessary, you will be issued a Returned Material Authorization (RMA) number. The RMA number will help expedite the repair so that the equipment can be repaired and returned to you as quickly as possible. Please be sure to include the RMA number on the outside of the shipping box, and on any correspondence relating to the repair. No equipment will be accepted for repair without an RMA number.A statement should accompany the radio describing, in detail, the trouble symptom(s), and a description of any associated equipment normally connected to the radio. It is also important to include the name and telephone number of a person in your organization who can be contacted if additional information is required.The radio must be properly packed for return to the factory. The original shipping container and packaging materials should be used whenever possible. All factory returns should be addressed to:When repairs have been completed, the equipment will be returned to you by the same shipping method used to send it to the factory. Please specify if you wish to make different shipping arrangements.Microwave Data Systems Inc.Customer Service Department(RMA No. XXXX)175 Science ParkwayRochester, NY 14620 USA
175 Science Parkway, Rochester, New York 14620General Business: +1 (585) 242-9600FAX: +1 (585) 242-9620Web: www.microwavedata.com

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