GE MDS DS-TRM450 TRM450 Data Transceiver User Manual Manual revised

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Document Title	Manual revised

TRM 450 OEM Series
410–470 MHz Data Transceivers
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
DECEMBER 2003
Integration Guide
Microwave Data Systems Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 7
1.1 Modem Speed versus Channel Bandwidth ...................................... 8
1.2 Frequency Coverage ........................................................................ 8
1.3 Radio Operating Modes ................................................................... 8
Single Frequency (Simplex) Operation ............................................... 8
Switched-Carrier Operation (Half-Duplex) .......................................... 9
1.4 Applications ...................................................................................... 9
Point-to-Multipoint, Multiple Address Systems (MAS) ........................ 9
Point-to-Point System .......................................................................10
1.5 Model Number Codes ....................................................................11
2.0 INSTALLATION DESIGN ........................................................... 12
2.1 Mounting the Transceiver ...............................................................13
2.2 Interface Requirements ..................................................................13
2.3 Antennas and Feedlines ................................................................14
Antennas ..........................................................................................14
Feedlines ..........................................................................................15
2.4 Primary Power (3.3 Vdc) ................................................................15
DC Supply Connection .....................................................................15
Shutdown Mode (Energy Conservation)...........................................16
2.5 Data Interface Connections ............................................................16
3.0 TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION AND DIAGNOSTIC
COMMANDS ............................................................................. 19
3.1 Error Messages ..............................................................................21
3.2 Initial Installation—Radio and Data Configuration ..........................21
4.0 TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................... 23
5.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE ....................................................... 24
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
TRM 450 Transceiver Specifications ..............................................24
Test and Evaluation Assembly .......................................................25
Vendors for Connectors ..................................................................28
dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion Chart ................................................30
6.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS............................................................ 31
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
iii
Copyright Notice
This Installation and Operation Guide and all software described herein
are protected by copyright: 2003 Microwave Data Systems Inc. All
rights reserved.
Microwave Data Systems Inc. reserves its right to correct any errors and
omissions in this publication.
Antenna Installation Warning
1. All antenna installation and servicing is to be performed by
qualified technical personnel only. When servicing the antenna, or
working at distances closer than those listed below, ensure the
transmitter has been disabled.
RF Exposure
2. Typically, the antenna connected to the transmitter is a directional
(high gain) antenna, fixed-mounted on the side or top of a building,
or on a tower. Depending upon the application and the gain of the
antenna, the total composite power could exceed 90 watts ERP. The
antenna location should be such that only qualified technical personnel can access it, and that under normal operating conditions no
Separation distances
other person can touch the antenna or approach within 2.3 meters of
required for FCC RF
Exposure compliance
the antenna.
Antenna Gain versus Recommended Safety Distance
(TRM 450 Series)
Antenna Gain (TRM 450 Series)
Minimum RF
Safety Distance
0–5 dBi
5–10 dBi
10–16.5 dBi
0.6 meter
1.06 meters
2.3 meters
ISO 9001 Registration
Microwave Data Systems adheres to this internationally accepted
quality system standard.
MDS Quality Policy Statement
We, the employees of Microwave Data Systems Inc., are committed to
understanding and exceeding our customer’s needs and expectations.
• We appreciate our customer’s patronage. They are our business.
• We promise to serve them and anticipate their needs.
• We are committed to providing solutions that are cost effective,
innovative and reliable, with consistently high levels of quality.
• We are committed to the continuous improvement of all of our
systems and processes, to improve product quality and increase
customer satisfaction.
iv
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
ESD Notice
To prevent malfunction or damage to this product, which may be caused
by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), the radio should be properly
grounded at the time of installation. In addition, the installer or maintainer should follow proper ESD precautions, such as touching a bare
metal object to dissipate body charge, prior to touching components or
connecting/disconnecting cables.
Manual Revision and Accuracy
While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of
this manual, product improvements may result in minor differences
between the manual and the product shipped to you. If you have additional questions or need an exact specification for a product, please contact our Customer Service Team using the information at the back of this
guide. In addition, manual updates can often be found on the MDS Web
site at www.microwavedata.com.
FCC Part 15 Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for
a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to
radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
and correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or locate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for
help.
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet
appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du
Canada.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may
not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference,
including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
vi
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This guide presents installation and operating instructions for the
TRM 450 digital radio transceiver. The radio is a compact, modular
board well suited to user-designed customer integration with remote
terminal units (RTUs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs),
automatic banking machines, or similar equipment.
The transceiver (Figure 1) is a data telemetry radio designed to operate
in a point-to-multipoint environment, such as electric utility
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and distribution
automation, gas field automation, water and wastewater SCADA, and
on-line transaction processing applications. The radio employs
microprocessor control to provide highly reliable communications, even
under adverse conditions.
TRM 450 radios use Gaussian-mean shift keying (GMSK) modulation.
Invisible place holder
Figure 1. TRM 450 Data Transceiver
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
1.1 Modem Speed versus Channel Bandwidth
The TRM 450 can be configured by the user to one-of-six arrangements
dependent on the permissible values of over-the-air data baud rate
(BAUD), Gaussian filtering (BT), and channel bandwidth (BW). The valid
configurations are:
Table 1. Permissible Data Configurations
Baud (bps)
Receive
Bandwidth
(BW)
BT
19200
25.0 kHz
.3
16000
25.0 kHz
.3
9600
25.0kHz
.5
9600
12.5 kHz
.3
8000
25 kHz
.5
8000
12.5 kHz
.3
4800
25.0 kHz
.5
4800
12.5 kHz
.5
The current configuration will be displayed by the MODEM command.
These parameters are independent of any other user-controllable
operating parameter.
1.2 Frequency Coverage
The TRM 450 series radios are available for operation in one of three the
frequency subbands between 410–470 MHz. The subbands are:
410–430 MHz, 430–450 MHz and 450–470 MHz. Any combination of
transmitter and receiver operating frequencies can be programmed
within the subband of the TRM 450, including a simplex (TX = RX)
pair.
NOTE: Each of the three radio frequency ranges (subband) are factory
set and cannot be changed by the user.
1.3 Radio Operating Modes
Single Frequency (Simplex) Operation
Single frequency operation (also known as simplex) is a special case of
switched carrier operation. Single frequency operation is automatically
selected whenever the transmit and receive frequencies are set to the
same value.
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
Switched-Carrier Operation (Half-Duplex)
Switched-carrier operation is a half-duplex mode where the master
station transmitter is keyed to send data and unkeyed to receive. MDS’
TRM 450 radios operate in switched-carrier mode and are keyed when
data is present.
NOTE: TRM 450 radios do not support full-duplex operation (i.e.,
transmitting and receiving at the same time). For information
on other MDS products that provide this capability, contact
your sales representative.
1.4 Applications
Point-to-Multipoint, Multiple Address Systems (MAS)
Point-to-multipoint (MAS) is the most common application of the
transceiver. It consists of a central master station and several associated
remote units as shown in Figure 2. An MAS network provides
communications between a central host computer and remote terminal
units (RTUs) or other data collection devices. The operation of the radio
system is “transparent” to the computer equipment. That is, the radio
system transports the data in its original form, making no changes to the
data format.
Often, the radio system is used to replace a network of remote monitors
currently linked to a central location by leased telephone lines. At the
central office of such a system, there is usually a large mainframe
computer and some means of switching between individual lines
coming from each remote monitor. In this type of system, there is a
modulator/demodulator (modem) at the main computer and at each
remote site, usually built into the remote monitor itself. Since the cost of
leasing a dedicated-pair telephone line is quite high, radio is frequently
used as an alternative communication medium.
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
Invisible place holder
io
rad
TE
RE
io
rad
T R
S E
O T
H PU
io
rad
TEN
ASTIO
M A
ST
TE
Figure 2. MAS Point-to-Multipoint Network
(Two remote stations shown—four or more are typically used)
Point-to-Point System
Where permitted, the transceiver may also be used in a point-to-point
arrangement. A point-to-point system consists of just two radios—one
serving as a master and the other as a remote—as shown in Figure 3. It
provides a simplex or half-duplex communications link for the transfer
of data between two locations.
ra
io
Invisible place holder
ra
io
T R
S E
O T
H PU
TEN
ASTIO
M A
ST
TE
Figure 3. Typical Point-to-Point Link
10
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
1.5 Model Number Codes
The radio model number is printed on the PC board or on the radio
enclosure, and provides key information about how the radio was
configured when was shipped from the factory. See Figure 4 for an
explanation of the model number characters.
Invisible place holder
Figure 4. TRM 450 Model Number Codes
(As found on the serial number and identification label)
FREQUENCY BAND
1 410 – 430 MHZ
2 430 – 450 MHZ
3 450 – 470 MHZ
THIS INFORMATION IS
SUBJECT TO
CHANGE.
DO NOT USE FOR
PRODUCT ORDERING.
TRM 450
AGENCY
APPROVAL
E – ETSI
F – FCC
OPERATING MODE
T – TRANSCEIVER
R – RECEIVE ONLY
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
11
2.0 INSTALLATION DESIGN
The TRM 450 is designed to be part of a larger electronic device or
system. It must be provided with adequate and stable primary power, a
complementary data interface and RF antenna system connections. An
appropriate antenna is the only external device that is needed.
Connections to the TRM 450 are through two connections: data and
power through an AVX Series 5046 fine-pitch (DATA INTERFACE)
connector and RF signalling through PCB pads to a SMT PCB-to-PCB
pressure-contact coaxial connector. These connections require a stable
support for the TRM 450 module with positive pressure by the RF
connector on the RF I/O pads (J300/301). Figure 5 shows the external
connections for the transceiver.
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RF I/O PADS
(J300/301)
DATA & POWER INTERFACE
CONNECTOR
(J100)
Figure 5. External Connections to the Transceiver Board
(Bottom View of PCB)
The TRM 450 has all of its electronic circuitry enclosed in RF shields to
minimize interaction with nearby electronic products. The transceiver
module is compliant with FCC Part 90 and Part 15 in the 410–470 MHz
band. The transmitter can be set to produce 2 Watts of RF output.
Careful selection and/or design of the radio transmission line is
important to minimizing RFI to nearby electronic devices.
This unit must be provided with a good antenna system optimal
communication range and reliability. A secondary benefit is an
opportunity to run the system at the lowest possible power level, a lower
primary power consumption, and reduced chances of interference.
12
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
The data interface will support a variety of system designs. Use only the
required pins for the application. Refer to the complete list of pin
functions in Table 4 on Page 17.
2.1 Mounting the Transceiver
Figure 6 shows the mounting dimensions of the transceiver PC board.
The board should be secured to the mounting surface using the holes
provided at each corner of the assembly. (Fasteners are not supplied.)
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.090"
.090"
.050"
1.695
.050"
1.555
1.110
1.835
Data
Connector
.775
.010
2.750
0.000
.090
.140
2.61
2.47
2.465
2.33
.140
0.000
.050
.140
Figure 6. Transceiver Mounting Dimensions
2.2 Interface Requirements
It is highly beneficial to provide for electronic access to the TRM 450
module after it is installed in your product or system. This allows for
module configuration and control, frequency changes when needed,
antenna system optimization, and diagnostic activities.
In addition, it would be beneficial to provide field service personnel a
technique for directly monitoring the test and diagnostic indicators
produced by the unit to indicate the incoming radio signal strength
(RSSI), and the radio synthesizer’s unfiltered out-of-lock indicator.
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
13
Table 2 summarizes minimal recommended access requirements for
field setup and servicing of the TRM 450 radio transceiver. Other
interface signal functions may be of use to field service personnel or as
part of a diagnostic design for the whole user-defined package.
Table 2. Configuration and Evaluation Signals
Function
Data
Interface
Pin
Signal Type)
Description
Enable Configuration
11
Low = Enabled
Enables terminal
interaction with module.
Disables payload
throughput.
Received (RF) Signal
Strength Signal
Indicator—RSSI
12
Analog
0–3 Vdc
Aid to aiming antenna
system and determining
presence of radio signals
Synthesizer Lock
H = Locked
Unprocessed indicator of
state of transceiver’s
frequency synthesizer.
L = Out-of-Lock
Signal may contain
inconsequential transients
2.3 Antennas and Feedlines
Antennas
The transceiver can be used with a number of antennas. The exact style
depends on the physical size and layout of the radio system. Suitable
antennas are available from several manufacturers, including MDS.
At master stations, omni-directional antennas (Figure 7) are typically
used to provide equal coverage to all remote sites in the network.
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Figure 7. Typical Omni-directional Antenna for Master Stations
(Shown mounted to mast)
14
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
At remote sites, a directional Yagi (Figure 8) or corner reflector antenna
is generally recommended to minimize interference to and from other
users.
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Figure 8. Typical Yagi Antenna for Remote Sites
Feedlines
The selection of antenna feedline is very important. Poor quality cables
should be avoided as they result in power losses that may reduce the
range and reliability of the radio system.
Table 3 shows the losses that occur when using various lengths and
types of cable at 400 MHz. Regardless of the type of cable used, it
should be kept as short as possible to minimize signal loss.
Table 3. Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 400 MHz
10 Feet
50 Feet
100 Feet
500 Feet
(3.05 Meters)
(15.24 Meters)
(30.48 Meters)
(152.4 Meters)
RG-8A/U
0.51dB
2.53 dB
5.07 dB
25.35 dB
1/2 inch HELIAX
0.12 dB
0.76 dB
1.51 dB
7.55 dB
7/8 inch HELIAX
0.08 dB
0.42 dB
0.83 dB
4.15 dB
1-1/4 inch HELIAX
0.06 dB
0.31 dB
0.62 dB
3.10 dB
1-5/8 inch HELIAX
0.05 dB
0.26 dB
0.52 dB
2.60 dB
Cable Type
2.4 Primary Power (3.3 Vdc)
DC Supply Connection
The transceiver can be operated from any well-filtered 3.3 Vdc power
source through the DATA INTERFACE connector. The power supply must
be capable of providing at least 1.5 Amperes and provide current
limiting even if you intend to operate the radio at low power (0.5 Watts).
CAUTION
POSSIBLE
EQUIPMENT
DAMAGE
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
NOTE: The radio is designed for use in negative ground systems only.
There is no fuse or reverse polarity protection provided on the
TRM 450 PCB assembly.
TRM 450 Integration Guide
15
The positive (+) DC power must be provided through pins 23, 24, 25,
26, 27,and 28. The data signal and DC power current return (–) should
be connected to pins 1, 7, 9, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 30. (See Figure 5 on
Page 12 for details.)
Shutdown Mode (Energy Conservation)
In some installations, such as at solar-powered sites, it may be necessary
to keep the transceiver’s power consumption to an absolute minimum.
This can be accomplished by configuring the data device (RTU, PLC,
etc.) to ground the DATA INTERFACE connector Pin 29 to power-down
the radio until communication to other devices is needed. All radio and
microprocessor activity is disabled when the radio is in the shutdown
mode. When the ground is removed from Pin 29, the radio is ready to
operate within 75 milliseconds.
2.5 Data Interface Connections
The transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE connector is configured as a DCE
(modem) and supports over-the-air asynchronous data rates up to
19200 bps. (4800, 8000, 9600, 16000, and 19200 bps) The DATA
INTERFACE is normally connected to a device/circuit with a TTL
interface. Refer to Figure 9 and Table 4 for a detailed description of
each pin on the DATA INTERFACE connector.
CAUTION
USE ONLY
REQUIRED PINS
16
Some pins on the DATA INTERFACE connector are used for factory
testing. Use only the required pins for the application. Damage may
result if improper connections are made.
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
Invisible place holder
Figure 9. Data Interface Connector
(As viewed from above)
Table 4. DATA INTERFACE Connector Pinouts
Pin
Number
Input/
Output
Pin Description
IN/OUT
Ground
OUT
RF synthesizer lock detect signal
• High = locked (Radio ready for service)
• Low = Out-of-lock (Radio disabled)
• Raw / “unfiltered”
IN
TX Data—Transmit Data (payload) in normal operation
OUT
CD—Carrier Detect
• Low whenever RSSI exceeds the programmed CDR
threshold.
• Detects RF activity on the radio channel regarless of the
signals modulation type or data protocol.
IN/OUT
Ground (Power and signal)
OUT
RX Clock—Always applicable when receiving
• Goes from low to high at the center of each RX Data bit
(receive mode)
• Provided when transmitting if “CLK RX” is programmed
• Goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit
• Continuously high when transceiver is in Configuration
Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low)
IN/OUT
Ground (Power and signal)
OUT
TX Clock—Transmit Data Clock
• Only applicable when “CLK TX” is programmed and TX
ON is asserted
• Clock goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit
• Continuously high when in Configuration Mode (J100,
Pin 11 = Low), or when “CLK RX” is selected
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
IN/OUT
Ground (Power and signal)
TRM 450 Integration Guide
17
Table 4. DATA INTERFACE Connector Pinouts (Continued)
Pin
Number
Input/
Output
10
11
Pin Description
Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only.
IN
CONFIG—Configure Radio
• High puts radio in normal payload mode to receive or
transmit data at the programmed rate
• Low puts radio in setup mode to communicate with the
processor at 38.4 kbps asynchronously
12
OUT
RSSI—Receive Signal Strength Indicator
• Analog voltage between 0 and 3 Vdc proportional to
signal strength on the channel
13
IN
TX ON—Request to key radio transmitter
• High puts radio in transmit mode
• Low puts radio in receive mode
14
OUT
RX Data—Receive Data
• Receive data (off-the-air) in normal operation
• Control data from the processor in setup mode
15
OUT
RX Audio—Filtered receive audio
• For test purposes only
16
Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only.
17
Not used – Do not connect
18
Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver
19
IN/OUT
Ground (Power and signal)
20
IN/OUT
Ground (Power and signal)
21
IN/OUT
Ground (Power and signal)
22
IN/OUT
Ground (Power and signal)
23
IN
Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver
24
IN
Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver
25
IN
Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver
26
IN
Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver
27
IN
Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver
28
IN
Vcc—Regulated +3.3 Vdc power for the transceiver
29
IN
Shutdown Mode
• Low puts radio in low-power shutdown
• High or open allows normal operation
30
18
IN/OUT
Ground (Power and signal)
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
3.0 TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION
AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS
The transceiver’s configuration and diagnostics are performed through
the radio’s DATA INTERFACE connector through a “dumb” data terminal
interface—either a personal computer or dedicated terminal. An
EIA/RS-232 to TTL converter circuit may be required depending on
your installation design. Configuration and diagnostic activities may be
performed with the TRM 450 removed from the user equipment or as an
installed module in your design.
If you choose to setup the TRM 450 before its final installation, you may
find using MDS’ TRM 450 Test and Evaluation Assembly a convenient
tool. (See Test and Evaluation Assembly on Page 25 for more detail.)
Table 5 lists each command entry and a brief description of its purpose.
Programmable information is shown in brackets [ ] following the
command name.
To enter a command, type the command, followed by an ENTER
keystroke. For programming commands, the command is followed by
SPACE and the appropriate information or values, then ENTER .
Table 5. Command Summary
Command
Function
MODEM
MODEM—Data Configuration
Response indicates:
Payload data rate (BAUD)
+ Gaussian Bandwidth x Data Rate (BT)
+ Channel Spacing (BW)
For example: 9.6Kbps BT=.5 25KHz.
NOTE: Provides only an informational display. The
command cannot be used to configure the radio.
TX [xxx.xxxxx]
Transmit RF Channel Frequency
• The frequency must be within the operating range for the
unit.
• Up to 5 digits can be entered after the decimal point.
Trailing zeros are not required.
• Frequencies can be in either 5 or 6.25 kHz increments.
BAUD [xxxxx]
“Over-the-Air” Modem Speed
• Options: 4800, 8000, 9600, 16000 and 19200
• For synchronous payload data through the DATA
INTERFACE port (J100)
NOTES:
• Must complement BT and BW values.
(See Table 1 on Page 8.)
• Data rate for serial data (RXD/TXD) diagnostic/command
interface is always 38400
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
19
Table 5. Command Summary (Continued)
Command
Function
BT [.x]
Relative TX Bandwidth
• Valid options are .3 and .5
• Leading zero (Ø) not permitted
NOTE: Must complement BAUD and BW values.
(See Table 1 on Page 8.)
BW [xx.x]
Channel Bandwidth
• Options: 25 and 12.5 kHz
NOTE: Must complement BT and BW values.
(See Table 1 on Page 8.)
CLK [xx]
Clock Output Pin
Selects which serial clock line to use for transmit operation.
• Options: TX and RX
• TX = Pin 8/TXC
• RX = Pin 6/RXC
CDR [–xxx]
Receiver Carrier Detect Threshold
• Inhibits the receiver from processing an incoming signal
unless it is above the setting’s level.
• Range: –50 to –120
NOTE: A setting of -120 removes any limitation on signal
detection.
CDT [–xxx]
Transmit Carrier Detect Threshold
Inhibits the transmitter from operating in the presence of a
strong on-channel signal until the signal level is below the
setting level.
• Range: –50 to –120
NOTES:
• –50 will effectively allow transmissions anytime
• –120 will effectively prohibit transmissions.
• Minus sign (–) required for data entry
PWR [x]
RF Power Output Level
Options:
H = High Power (2 Watts)
L = Low Power (0.5 Watts)
SCRAM [xxx]
Data Scrambler/Descrambler ON/OFF
Options: ON or OFF
SREV [xxx]
Software Revision of installed firmware
SER
Serial Number of the radio
RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indictor
• Displays the current received RF signal level
• One measurement per request by command
• Reading is accurate to within 3 dB from –100 dBm to –60
dBm
NOTE: A continuous RSSI signal available during receive
state on the DATA INTERFACE connector (J100-Pin12).
20
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
Table 5. Command Summary (Continued)
Command
Function
OWN [xxx]
Owner’s Message
Displays an optional owner message
• Enter OWN to display current entry.
• Enter OWN followed by up to 30 characters to program.
KEY
Transmitter Carrier Key
• Test command for technicians to key the radio with a
unmodulated carrier.
• Use DKEY command to cease transmission
NOTES:
• Use only for test purposes.
• No time-out timer on this function.
DKEY
Unkey Transmitter Test Carrier
3.1 Error Messages
Listed below are some possible error messages that may be encountered
when using the terminal interface:
UNKNOWN COMMAND—The
command was not recognized. Refer to the
command description for command usage information.
INCORRECT ENTRY—The
command format or its associated values were
not valid. Refer to the command description for command usage
information.
COMMAND FAILED—The command was unable to successfully complete.
This may indicate an internal software problem.
NOT PROGRAMMED—Software
was unable to program the internal radio
memory or the requested item was not programmed. This is a serious
internal radio error. Contact MDS for assistance.
TEXT TOO LONG—Response to OWN command when too many characters
have been entered. Refer to the command description for command
usage information.
NOT AVAILABLE—The
entered command or parameter was valid, but it
referred to a currently unavailable choice. Refer to the command
description for command usage information.
3.2 Initial Installation—Radio and Data
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
21
Configuration
Below are the basic steps for setting up of the transceiver once it is
installed in the user’s product. In many cases, these steps alone are
sufficient to complete the installation. This procedure assumes the
TRM 450 has been installed in your system/product and suitable
connections have been provided for a terminal interface and antenna.
3. Install the antenna and antenna feedline for the station. Preset
directional antennas in the desired direction of transmission and
reception.
4. Connect a terminal (computer with emulations software) to the
TRM 450 through the user’s product interface. (async @ 38400
w/8N1)
5. Enable the configuration mode for the TRM 450 radio. (Ground
Pin 11 of the radio transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE.) DIAGNOSTICS
OPEN will appear on the terminal screen terminal once diagnostics
communication with the radio is established.
6. Review the existing essential TRM 450 configuration parameters
through a series of terminal commands.
•
MODEM—Data
Configuration
Response indicates:
Payload data rate (BAUD)
Gaussian Bandwidth x Data Rate (BT)
Channel Spacing (BW)
For example: 9.6Kbps BT=.5 25KHz.
•
PWR—RF Power Output
Responses: H = 2 Watts, L = 0.5 Watts
7. Check and set the radio transmit and receive frequencies.
NOTE: The operating frequencies are typically not set at the factory.
Determine the transmit and receive frequencies to be used, and
follow the steps below to program them. The TRM 450 must
be programmed for the frequencies for which you hold a valid
license and be within the radio’s operating subband. (See
Figure 4 on Page 11 for guidance in identifying the radio’s
operating band.)
a. Set the transmit frequency with the TX xxx.xxxxx command.
Press
22
ENTER
after the command.
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
b. Set the receive frequency with the RX xxx.xxxxx command.
Press
ENTER
after the command.
c. After programming any parameter, PROGRAMMED OK will be
displayed to indicate a successful entry.
8. Review and reprogram any other parameters as necessary to
complement your system requirements. (See Table 5 on Page 19 for
a list of all user commands.)
9. Optimize the antenna installation by measuring the received signal
strength of the other station with which this station will be
communicating. Monitor the TRM 450’s RSSI level. Rotate the
station antenna until the signal is the strongest. The less negative the
value, the stronger the incoming radio signal.
The received signal should be at least –90 dBm. This value will
provide a safety margin (fade margin) to prevent loss of
communications through signal reduction (fading) caused by
weather conditions, changes in station location if mobile, or other
obstructions temporarily positioned between communicating
TRM 450 stations.
10. Disconnect the terminal interface and the ground from Pin 11 from
the DATA INTERFACE connector.
11. Connect the data equipment to the transceiver’s DATA INTERFACE
connector and test for normal operation.
4.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
Successful troubleshooting of the radio system is not difficult, but it
requires a logical approach. It is best to begin troubleshooting at the
master station, as the rest of the system depends on the master for
polling commands. If the master station has problems, the operation of
the entire network can be compromised.
It is good practice to start by checking the simple things. For proper
operation, all radios in the network must meet these basic requirements:
• Adequate and stable primary power.
• Secure connections (RF, data, and power).
• An efficient and properly aligned antenna system with a good
received signal strength (at least –90 dBm). It is possible for a
system to operate with weaker signals, but reliability may be
degraded.
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
23
• Proper programming of the transceiver’s operating parameters
(see Section 3.0, TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION AND
DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS).
• The correct interface between the transceiver and the connected
data equipment (correct cable wiring, proper data format, timing,
etc.).
5.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE
5.1 TRM 450 Transceiver Specifications
RADIO TYPE
Synthesized, half duplex, 6.25 and 5.0 kHz channel spacing, split frequency, or simplex
ENVIRONMENTAL
Temperature Range:
Humidity:
Board Dimensions:
Weight:
Enclosure:
–30 to +60 degrees C
0 to 95% at 40 degrees C
2.75″ W x 0.4″ H x 1.75″ D
7.0 cm W x 1.10 cm H x 4.4 cm D
x.x oz. (x.x kg)
None. Open-frame PCB with digital/RF circuit
shield
TRANSMITTER
Frequency Range:
Frequency Increments:
Frequency Stability:
Channel Spacing:
Modulation Type:
Carrier Power:
Duty Cycle:
Output Impedance:
RF Connection:
Spurious and Harmonics:
Transmitter Keying:
Key-up Time:
Data Rate Over-the-Air :
410 – 430 MHz
430 – 450 MHz
450 – 470 MHz
6.25 and 5.0 kHz
1.5 ppm, –30 to +60 degrees C
6.25 and 5.0 kHz
GMSK (Gaussian-mean Shift Keying)
0.5 W, 2 W programmable
(+27 DBM, +33 dBm)
50%
50 ohms
Pads for SMT IMP 3 mm RF connector
–65 dBc
On reception of data
2 ms
4800, 8000, 9600, 16000, and 19200 bps
(Rate user-selectable via BAUD command)
RECEIVER
Type:
Frequency Range:
Frequency Increments:
24
TRM 450 Integration Guide
Double conversion superheterodyne
(45 MHz IF)
410 – 430 MHz
430 – 450 MHz
450 – 470 MHz
6.25 kHz
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
Frequency Stability:
1.5 ppm, –30 to +60 degrees C
Spurious and Image Rejection:
–70 dB
Sensitivity:
12 dB SINAD @ –119 dBm @ 4800 bps
12 dB SINAD @ –116 dBm @ 19200 bps
Intermodulation Rejection:
–70 dB minimum
Selectivity:
60 dB typical at adjacent channel (EIA)
Bandwidth:
12.5 kHz
DATA INTERFACE
Connector:
AVX fine-pitch 5046 series
Signaling:
TTL
Data Rate—Diagnostics:
38400 bps asynchronous
Data Rate—Payload:
38400 bps synchronous
Flow-Control:
Synchronous serial with clock supplied by the radio
in bursts of 8 bits (when the radio is ready)
Data Latency:
< 20 ms typical
PRIMARY POWER
Voltage:
3.3 Vdc (3.2–3.6) via Data Interface connector
RX Current at 3.3 Vdc (typical):
112 mA
TX Current at 3.3 Vdc (typical):
1.8 A @ high power (2W)
750 mA @ low power (0.5W)
Current Limit/Polarity Protection:
External; User-provided
5.2 Test and Evaluation Assembly
A PCB assembly (03-6053A02) is available from MDS to facilitate
bench testing, programming and evaluation of the TRM 450 transceiver
module. This module features:
•
•
•
•
Mounting Posts for aligning and securing TRM 450 module
3.3 Vdc Power Input Receptacle
6–12 Vdc Power Input Receptacle
DB-25 Data Interface (Female)
providing EIA/RS-232 to TTL signalling conversion
• Radio Configuration Mode Enable (Manual Jumper)
• Activity LEDs:
TXD
RXD
TX CLOCK
RX CLOCK
CARRIER DETECT
TEST (Reserved)
• Antenna Connector–RF I/O (TNC)
• Receiver Analog Output through DB-25 interface connector
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
25
NOTE: The Test and Evaluation Assembly is not intended for service
in a permanent installation in a user-designed product or
system.
Invisible place holder
TRM 450 MODULE
6–12 VDC IN
3.3 VDC IN
ACTIVITY
TEST ANTENNA/LOAD
LEDS
EIA/RS-232 I/O
DB-25(F)
Figure 10. Test and Evaluation PCB Assembly
(With TRM 450 module installed and retainers on RF connector end.)
Table 6. DB-25 Interface Connector Pinouts
Test and Evaluation PCB
Pin
Number
Input/
Output
Pin Description
IN/OUT
Ground (Signal)
IN
TX Data—Transmit Data (payload) in normal operation
OUT
RX Data—Receive Data
• Receive data (off-the-air) in normal operation
• Control data from the processor in setup mode
OUT
TX ON—Request to key radio transmitter
• High puts radio in transmit mode
• Low puts radio in receive mode
No connection
IN/OUT
Ground (Signal)
OUT
CD—Carrier Detect
• Low whenever RSSI exceeds the programmed CDR
threshold.
• Detects RF activity on the radio channel without
consideration for the signals modulation type or protocol.
26
Factory Test– Do not connect
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
Table 6. DB-25 Interface Connector Pinouts
Test and Evaluation PCB (Continued)
Pin
Number
Input/
Output
10
11
Pin Description
No connection
OUT
RX Audio—Filtered receive audio
• For test purposes only
• Also available through J109 (Pin 1 – Out, Pin 2 – GND)
12
IN
Shutdown
• Low = Radio powered down (off-line)
13
OUT
RF synthesizer lock detect signal
• High = locked (Radio ready for service)
• Low = Out-of-lock (Radio disabled)
• Raw / “unfiltered”
14
15
No connection
OUT
TX Clock—Transmit Data Clock
• Only applicable when “CLK TX” is programmed and TX
ON is asserted
• Clock goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit
• Continuously high when in Configuration Mode (J100,
Pin 11 = Low), or when “CLK RX” is selected
16
17
No connection
OUT
RX Clock—Always applicable when receiving
• Goes from low to high at the center of each RX Data bit
(receive mode)
• Provided when transmitting if “CLK RX” is programmed
• Goes from low to high to request each new TXD bit
• Continuously high when transceiver is in Configuration
Mode (J100, Pin 11 = Low)
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
18
Do not connect—Reserved for factory use only.
19
No connection
20
No connection
TRM 450 Integration Guide
27
Table 6. DB-25 Interface Connector Pinouts
Test and Evaluation PCB (Continued)
Pin
Number
Input/
Output
Pin Description
21
OUT
RSSI—Receive Signal Strength Indicator
• Analog voltage between 0 and 3 Vdc proportional to
signal strength on the channel
22
23
No connection
IN
CONFIG—Configure Radio
• High (unterminated) puts radio in normal payload mode
to receive or transmit data at the programmed rate
• Low (Ground/J108 Jumpered) puts radio in setup mode
to communicate with the processor at 38.4 kbps
asynchronously
24
No connection
25
No connection
5.3 Vendors for Connectors
The following are vendors of interface connectors that may be used on
customer-designed interfaces or equipment connected to the TRM 450.
These are not the only sources of these devices nor does this listing
represent an endorsement by Microwave Data Systems.
Data Interface Connector
30-Pin PCB SMT Receptacle, J100
MDS: 73-3463A12
AVX: 14-5046-030-630-829
30-Pin PCB SMT Plug, Mates with J100
MDS: 73-3463A13
AVX: 24-5046-030-600-829
Vendor:
AVX Corporation
Web: www.AVXcorp.com
28
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
RF Coaxial Connector
PCB SMT Connector
Mounted on user’s mating PCB to make contact with TRM 450 RF
pads J300/301
MDS: 73-1022A53
Radiall: R107.064.020
Vendor:
Radiall SA
101 Rue Philibert Hoffmann
93116 Rosny Sous Bois
France
Tel: + 33 1 49 35 35 35
FAX: + 33 1 49 35 35 14
Web: www. Radiall.com
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
29
5.4 dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion Chart
Table 7 is provided as a convenience for determining the equivalent
wattage or voltage of an RF power expressed in dBm.
Table 7. dBm-Watts-Volts Conversion—for 50 Ohm Systems
30
dBm V
Po
dBm V
Po
dBm mV
+53
+50
+49
+48
+47
+46
+45
+44
+43
+42
+41
+40
+39
+38
+37
+36
+35
+34
+33
+32
+31
+30
+29
+28
+27
+26
+25
+24
+23
+22
+21
+20
+19
+18
+17
+16
+15
+14
+13
+12
+11
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
200W
100W
80W
64W
50W
40W
32W
25W
20W
16W
12.5W
10W
8W
6.4W
5W
4W
3.2W
2.5W
2W
1.6W
1.25W
1.0W
800mW
640mW
500mW
400mW
320mW
250mW
200mW
160mW
125mW
100mW
80mW
64mW
50mW
40mW
32mW
25mW
20mW
16mW
12.5mW
10mW
8mW
6.4mW
5mW
4mW
3.2mW
2.5mW
2.0mW
1.6mW
1.25mW
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
1.0mW
.80mW
.64mW
.50mW
.40mW
.32mW
.25mW
.20mW
.16mW
.125mW
.10mW
-49
-50
-51
-52
-53
-54
-55
-56
-57
-58
-59
-60
-61
-62
-63
-64
100.0
70.7
64.0
58.0
50.0
44.5
40.0
32.5
32.0
28.0
26.2
22.5
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.1
12.5
11.5
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.10
6.40
5.80
5.00
4.45
4.00
3.55
3.20
2.80
2.52
2.25
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.41
1.25
1.15
1.00
.90
.80
.71
.64
.58
.500
.445
.400
.355
.320
.280
.252
.225
.200
.180
.160
.141
.125
.115
.100
.090
.080
.071
.064
.058
.050
.045
.040
.0355
dBm µV
dBm mV
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23
-24
-25
-26
-27
-28
-29
-30
-31
-32
-33
-34
-35
-36
-37
-38
-39
-40
-41
-42
-43
-44
-45
-46
-47
-48
31.5
28.5
25.1
22.5
20.0
17.9
15.9
14.1
12.8
11.5
10.0
8.9
8.0
7.1
6.25
5.8
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.2
2.85
2.5
2.25
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.25
1.18
1.00
0.90
TRM 450 Integration Guide
Po
.01mW
.001mW
.1µW
-65
-66
-67
-68
-69
-70
-71
-72
-73
-74
-75
-76
-77
-78
-79
-80
-81
-82
-83
-84
-85
-86
-87
-88
-89
-90
-91
-92
-93
-94
-95
-96
-97
Po
0.80
0.71 .01µW
0.64
0.57
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.351
0.32
0.286
0.251
0.225 .001µW
0.200
0.180
0.160
0.141
128
115
100
90
80
71
65
58
50
45
40
35
32
29
25
22.5
20.0
18.0
16.0
11.1
12.9
11.5
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.1
6.1
5.75
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.51
3.2
Po
.1nW
.01nW
.001nW
dBm µV
-98
-99
-100
-101
-102
-103
-104
-105
-106
2.9
2.51
2.25
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.41
1.27
1.18
dBm nV
-107
-108
-109
-110
-111
-112
-113
-114
-115
-116
-117
-118
-119
-120
-121
-122
-123
-124
-125
-126
-127
-128
-129
-130
-131
-132
-133
-134
-135
-136
-137
-138
-139
-140
1000
900
800
710
640
580
500
450
400
355
325
285
251
225
200
180
160
141
128
117
100
90
80
71
61
58
50
45
40
35
33
29
25
23
Po
.1pW
Po
.01pW
.001pW
.1ƒW
.01ƒW
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
6.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
If you are new to digital radio systems, some of the terms used in this
guide may be unfamiliar. The following glossary explains many of these
terms and is helpful in understanding the operation of the transceiver.
Antenna System Gain—A figure, normally expressed in dB,
representing the power increase resulting from the use of a gain-type
antenna. System losses (from the feedline and coaxial connectors, for
example) are subtracted from this figure to calculate the total antenna
system gain.
Bit—The smallest unit of digital data, often represented by a one or a
zero. Eight bits (plus start, stop, and parity bits) usually comprise a byte.
Bits-per-second—See BPS.
BPS—Bits-per-second. A measure of the information transfer rate of
digital data across a communication channel.
Byte—A string of digital data usually made up of eight data bits and
start, stop and parity bits.
Data Circuit-terminating Equipment—See DCE.
Data Communications Equipment—See DCE.
Data Terminal Equipment—See DTE.
dBi—Decibels referenced to an “ideal” isotropic radiator in free space.
Frequently used to express antenna gain.
dBm—Decibels referenced to one milliwatt. An absolute unit used to
measure signal power, as in transmitter power output, or received signal
strength.
DCE—Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (or Data Communications
Equipment). In data communications terminology, this is the “modem”
side of a computer-to-modem connection. The MDS TRM 450 is a DCE
device.
Decibel (dB)—A measure computed from the ratio between two signal
levels. Frequently used to express the gain (or loss) of a system.
DTE—Data Terminal Equipment. A device that provides data in the
form of digital signals at its output. Connects to the DCE device.
ETSI—European Telecommunications Standards Institute. A
non-profit group that produces and approves standards for use
throughout Europe and other locations pertaining to communications
equipment and systems.
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
31
Fade Margin—The greatest tolerable reduction in average received
signal strength that is anticipated under most conditions. Provides an
allowance for reduced signal strength due to multipath, slight antenna
movement, or changing atmospheric losses. A fade margin of 20 is
usually sufficient in most systems.
Gaussian-Mean Shift Keying (GMSK) Modulation—A form of
continuous-phase FSK, in which the phase is changed between bits to
provide a constant envelope.
Hardware Flow Control—A transceiver feature used to prevent data
buffer overruns when handling high-speed data from the RTU or PLC.
When the buffer approaches overflow, the radio drops the clear-to-send
(CTS) line, which instructs the RTU or PLC to delay further
transmission until CTS again returns to the high state.
Host Computer—The computer installed at the master station site,
which controls the collection of data from one or more remote sites.
Latency—The delay (usually expressed in milliseconds) between when
data is applied to TXD (Pin 2) at one radio, until it appears at RXD
(Pin 3) at the other radio.
MAS—Multiple Address System. A radio system where a central
master station communicates with several remote stations for the
purpose of gathering telemetry data.
Master (Station)—Radio which is connected to the host computer. It is
the point at which polling enters the network.
Multiple Address System—See MAS.
PLC—Programmable Logic Controller. A dedicated microprocessor
configured for a specific application with discrete inputs and outputs. It
can serve as a host or as an RTU.
Point-to-Multipoint System—A radio communications network or
system designed with a central control station that exchanges data with
a number of remote locations equipped with terminal equipment.
Poll—A request for data issued from the host computer (or master PLC)
to a remote radio.
Programmable Logic Controller—See PLC.
Received Signal Strength Indication—See RSSI.
Redundant Operation—A station arrangement where two transceivers
and two power supplies are available for operation, with automatic
switchover in case of a failure.
32
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
Remote (Station)—A radio in a network that communicates with an
associated master station.
Remote Terminal Unit—See RTU.
RSSI—Received Signal Strength Indication. A measure, in dBm, of the
strength of the signal received by a radio from an antenna. The radio
must be properly calibrated for the RSSI value to be meaningful.
RTU—Remote Terminal Unit. A data collection device installed at a
remote radio site.
SCADA—Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. An overall term
for the functions commonly provided through an MAS radio system.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition—See SCADA.
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
TRM 450 Integration Guide
33
34
TRM 450 Integration Guide
MDS 05-4121A01, Rev. A
IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY...
MDS products are designed for long life and trouble-free operation. However, this equipment, as
with all electronic equipment may have an occasional component failure. The following information will assist you in the event that servicing becomes necessary.
FACTORY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Technical assistance for MDS products is available from our Customer Support Team during
business hours (8:00 A.M.–5:30 P.M. Eastern Time). When calling, please give the complete
model number of the radio, along with a description of the trouble symptom(s) that you are experiencing. In many cases, problems can be resolved over the telephone, without the need for
returning the unit to the factory.
Please use the following telephone numbers for product assistance:
716-242-9600 (Phone)
716-242-9620 (Fax)
FACTORY REPAIRS
Component-level repair of radio equipment is not recommended in the field. Many components
are installed using surface mount technology, which requires specialized training and equipment
for proper servicing. For this reason, the equipment should be returned to the factory for any PC
board repairs. The factory is best equipped to diagnose, repair and align your radio to its proper
operating specifications.
If return of the equipment is necessary, you will be issued a Returned Material Authorization
(RMA) number. The RMA number will help expedite the repair so that the equipment can be
repaired and returned to you as quickly as possible. Please be sure to include the RMA number
on the outside of the shipping box, and on any correspondence relating to the repair. No equipment
will be accepted for repair without an RMA number.
A statement should accompany the radio describing, in detail, the trouble symptom(s), and a
description of any associated equipment normally connected to the radio. It is also important to
include the name and telephone number of a person in your organization who can be contacted if
additional information is required.
The radio must be properly packed for return to the factory. The original shipping container and
packaging materials should be used whenever possible. All factory returns should be addressed to:
Microwave Data Systems Inc.
Customer Service Department
(RMA No. XXXX)
175 Science Parkway
Rochester, NY 14620 USA
When repairs have been completed, the equipment will be returned to you by the same shipping
method used to send it to the factory. Please specify if you wish to make different shipping
arrangements.
175 Science Parkway, Rochester, New York 14620
General Business: +1 (585) 242-9600
FAX: +1 (585) 242-9620
Web: www.microwavedata.com

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