GE MDS LEDR400S LEDR Microwave Radio User Manual 3627A LEDR S body

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Document ID	117319
Application ID	bA45p4AaaJjMk9IxhLmiKg==
Document Description	Exhibit 22 LEDR 400S Users Manual
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Permanent Confidential	No
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Document Type	User Manual
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Date Submitted	2000-09-15 00:00:00
Date Available	2000-11-07 00:00:00
Creation Date	2000-04-11 17:21:18
Producing Software	Acrobat Distiller 4.0 for Macintosh
Document Lastmod	2000-08-03 13:45:54
Document Title	3627A-LEDR "S" body.book
Document Creator	FrameMaker 5.5
Document Author:	MDS Employee

Covers LEDR 400S, 900S and 1400S
(plus optional fractional interface)
Digital Microwave Radio
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
MARCH 2000
Installation and Operation Guide
LEDR Subrate Series
QUICK START GUIDE
Below are the basic steps for installing the LEDR radio. When making cable connections, refer
to page 10 for a rear panel view of the radio.
1.
Install and connect the antenna system to the radio
• Ensure a path study has been conducted and that the radio path is acceptable.
• Use good quality, low loss coaxial cable. Keep the feedline as short as possible.
• Preset directional antennas in the direction of desired transmission/reception.
2.
Connect the data equipment to appropriate rear panel connector
• For standard “S” Series radios, see Figure 25.
• For radios equipped with an FT1 Option Board, see Figure 26.
• Verify the data equipment is configured as DTE. (By default, the radio is configured as DCE.)
3.
Apply DC power to the radio
• Verify that the voltage matches the power supply operating range (24 Vdc or 48 Vdc).
• The power connector is a three-pin keyed connector. The power source can be connected with
either polarity. The center conductor is not connected.
4.
Set the radio’s basic configuration using front panel or Console interface
• You must first login with a valid username and password (see page 16).
• Set the transmit/receive frequencies (TX xxx.xxxx/RX xxx.xxxx).
• Refer to this manual for other configuration settings.
5.
Verify proper operation by observing the LED display
• Refer to “LEDs” on page 19 for a description of the status LEDs.
• Aim directional antenna for maximum receive signal strength using the RSSI Screen.
6.
Configure the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) MIB, if used
• Refer to the SNMP Handbook (Part No. 05-3532A01).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
1.1 Product Description .......................................................................... 1
LEDR Features............................................................................... 1
Typical Applications ........................................................................ 2
1.2 Model Number Codes ...................................................................... 3
2.0 INSTALLATION ............................................................................ 4
2.1 General Requirements ..................................................................... 4
Site Selection ................................................................................. 5
Terrain and Signal Strength............................................................ 5
On-the-Air Test ............................................................................... 6
A Word About Interference ............................................................. 6
2.2 Antenna and Feedline Selection ...................................................... 7
Antennas ........................................................................................ 7
Feedlines........................................................................................ 8
2.3 Radio Mounting ................................................................................ 9
Attaching the Rack Brackets ........................................................ 10
2.4 Radio Rear Panel Connectors ....................................................... 10
Ground Stud ................................................................................. 11
Antenna/TX .................................................................................. 11
RX ................................................................................................ 11
G.703 Data Connectors (4)—For radios with FT1 Option Bd....... 11
Ethernet........................................................................................ 11
EIA-530-A..................................................................................... 12
Service Channel........................................................................... 12
Alarm I/O ...................................................................................... 12
Power ........................................................................................... 12
2.5 Protected Switch Rear Panel Connectors ...................................... 12
RxA............................................................................................... 13
RxB............................................................................................... 13
Antenna ........................................................................................ 13
TxA ............................................................................................... 13
TxB ............................................................................................... 13
Protected Data ............................................................................. 13
E1 ................................................................................................. 13
Ethernet........................................................................................ 14
530 (A&B)..................................................................................... 14
EIA-530-A..................................................................................... 14
Service Channel........................................................................... 14
2.6 Inter-Unit Cabling for Protected Stations ........................................ 14
3.0 OPERATION .............................................................................. 15
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
3.1 Initial Startup .................................................................................. 15
Maximizing RSSI .......................................................................... 16
Initial Login—Required to change radio settings.......................... 16
3.2 Communicating with the Radio ...................................................... 18
Front Panel Controls..................................................................... 18
Front Panel Menu Tree ................................................................. 20
3.3 Front Panel LCD Menu Descriptions .............................................. 24
Default Parameters....................................................................... 24
Login............................................................................................. 24
Network ........................................................................................ 24
General......................................................................................... 25
RF Configuration .......................................................................... 26
IO Configuration ........................................................................... 27
Line Configuration ........................................................................ 28
Performance ................................................................................. 30
G.821............................................................................................ 31
Modem ......................................................................................... 32
Console ........................................................................................ 32
Diagnostics................................................................................... 33
Orderwire...................................................................................... 33
Front Panel ................................................................................... 33
Redundant.................................................................................... 34
Remote Status.............................................................................. 35
3.4 Console Port ................................................................................. 35
Using the Console Port ................................................................ 36
Command Descriptions ................................................................ 39
3.5 SNMP Network Management ......................................................... 59
3.6 Using the Orderwire ....................................................................... 60
3.7 Bandwidths, Data Rates and Modulation Types ............................. 61
3.8 Transmit Clock Selection ................................................................ 62
3.9 Protected (1+1) LEDR Radio ......................................................... 64
Protected Operation ..................................................................... 64
Space Diversity Operation............................................................ 66
User Interface & Control............................................................... 67
3.10 Fractional T1 Interface Card (Optional Equipment) ...................... 67
Fractional T1 Performance ........................................................... 67
4.0 RADIO EVENT CODES............................................................. 68
5.0 FIELD REPROGRAMMING....................................................... 76
5.1 Reprogramming via the Console Port ............................................ 76
Set Up .......................................................................................... 76
Download Procedure.................................................................... 76
Verification and Reboot ................................................................ 76
5.2 Reprogramming via a Network Connection ................................... 77
Set Up .......................................................................................... 77
Download Procedure.................................................................... 77
Verification and Reboot ................................................................ 78
ii
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
6.0 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNITS.................................................. 78
6.1 Field Installation of FT1 Option Board
Non-protected: 03-3846A01
Protected: 03-3539A01 .......................................................................... 78
7.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE ....................................................... 82
7.1 Specifications ................................................................................. 82
7.2 Pinout Information .......................................................................... 84
Orderwire...................................................................................... 84
Console ........................................................................................ 85
Ethernet........................................................................................ 85
EIA-530-A Data ............................................................................ 85
G.703 Data Connectors (4 on rear panel) .................................... 86
Service Channel........................................................................... 86
Alarm............................................................................................ 86
7.3 RF Propagation Planning ............................................................... 87
Fresnel Zone Clearance ............................................................... 87
Earth Curvature............................................................................ 88
Fade Margins ............................................................................... 88
Free Space Path Loss .................................................................. 89
Parabolic Antenna Gain ............................................................... 89
Fresnel Zone Boundary................................................................ 89
Parabolic Antenna Beamwidth ..................................................... 89
Theoretical Signal Strength .......................................................... 90
Probability of System Fading........................................................ 90
7.4 Bench Testing of Radios ................................................................. 90
7.5 Watts dBm Volts conversion ........................................................... 92
Copyright Notice
This Installation and Operation Guide and all software described herein
are protected by copyright: 2000 Adaptive Broadband Corporation,
Inc. All rights reserved.
Adaptive Broadband Corporation reserves its right to correct any errors
and omissions.
Operational Safety Notice
RF Exposure
The radio equipment described in this guide emits radio frequency
energy. Although the power level is low, the concentrated energy from
a directional antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow people to
come in close proximity to the front of the antenna when the transmitter
is operating.
This manual is intended to guide a professional installer to install,
operate and perform basic system maintenance on the described radio.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
iii
Distress Beacon Warning
The 406 to 406.1 MHz band is reserved for use by distress beacons.
Since the LEDR 400S radio is capable of transmitting in this band, take
precautions to prevent the radio from operating between 406 and 406.1
MHz.
Notice
While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of
this manual, product improvements may result in minor differences
between the manual and the product shipped to you. If you have additional questions or need an exact specification for a product, please contact our Customer Service Team using the information at the back of this
guide. Updated documentation may also be available on our web site at
www.microwavedata.com.
iv
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This manual is intended to help an experienced technician install, configure, and operate a LEDR 400S, 900S or 1400S digital radio. It begins
with an overall description of radio features and is followed by the steps
required to mount a LEDR radio and place it into normal operation.
After installation, we suggest keeping this guide near the radio for future
reference.
1.1 Product Description
The LEDR radio (Figure 1) is a full duplex, point-to-point digital unit
operating in the 330-512 MHz frequency band (model 400S), 800-960
(model 900S) or 1350–1535 MHz frequency band (model 1400S) with
bandwidths ranging from 25 kHz to 200 kHz, depending on the radio
model and installed options. The LEDR radio is designed to connect to
industry-standard EIA-530 data interface equipment.
With the addition of a fractional T1 card option, the radio can be connected to industry-standard G.703 T1 data interface equipment. See
page 67 for a complete description of the fractional T1 option.
The radio is also available as a protected “1+1” version (Figure 2) consisting of two identical LEDR radios and a Protected Switch Chassis.
The protected version is designed to perform automatic switchover to a
second radio in the event of a failure in the primary unit. See page 64 for
detailed information on the protected version.
LEDR Features
• 64, 128, 256, 384, 512 and 768 kbps data rates
• n x 64 kbps data rates for units with an FT1 Option Board
• Network Management via SNMP version 1
• Protected operation (1+1) compatible
• 1.0 watt transmit power
• Rack space efficient (1RU) size
• Rugged, reliable design
• Voice Orderwire (DTMF compliant)
• Data service channel
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
Invisible place holder
Figure 1. The LEDR Digital Radio (Non-Protected Version)
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Figure 2. LEDR Digital Radio (Protected Version)
Typical Applications
• Point-to-point transmission applications
• Cost effective, “thin route” applications
• Long haul telecommunications links
• Cellular backhaul
• Last mile links
• Trunked radio links
• SCADA systems
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
1.2 Model Number Codes
The radio model number is printed on the serial number tag, which is
affixed to the chassis. Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the significance of the model number string on the various LEDR “S” models.
Contact the factory for specific information on optional configurations.
Invisible place holder
MODEL NUMBER
CODES ARE SUBJECT
TO CHANGE.
DO NOT USE FOR
PRODUCT ORDERING.
INPUT POWER
REGULATORY
1= 24 Vdc
N= Not applicable
2= 48 Vdc
E= ETS 300630/
SPLITTER
ETS 300385/MPT1717
MODES
N= None
2= Non-protected Fractional E1/T1
A= Asymmetric 1dB/10 dB
5= 1+1 Fractional E1/T1
S= Symmetric 3dB
8= Space Diversity E1/T1
400S
BANDWIDTH PROTECTED STBY
N= None
DUPLEXER SEP.
E= 500 kHz
W= Warm
1= Internal (300-400 MHz)
F= 1 MHz
H= Hot
2= Internal-(400-512 MHz)
G= 2 MHz
3= Int.-Space Div. (300-400 MHz)
4= Int.-Space Div. (400-512 MHz)
Figure 3. Model Number Codes (LEDR 400S)
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INPUT POWER
1= 24 Vdc
TRANSMIT
2= 48 Vdc
RECEIVE FREQ. H= High
MODES
1= 800-860 MHz L= Low
N= Non-protected (EIA-530)
NMS SUPPORT
2= 860-900 MHz
1= Non-protected (G.703)
S= Standard
3= 900-960 MHz
2= Protected (EIA-530)
1= SNMP
3= Protected (G.703)
900S
DUPLEXER SEP.
N= None (external)
1= 9 MHz
BANDWIDTH
A= 25 kHz
B= 50 kHz
C= 100 kHz
D= 200 kHz
TRANSMIT FREQ.
1= 800-860 MHz
2= 860-900 MHz
3= 900-960 MHz
REGULATORY
N= Not applicable
A= FCC/IC/CSA
Figure 4. Model Number Codes (LEDR 900S)
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
Invisible place holder
INPUT POWER
REGULATORY
1= 24 Vdc
N= Not applicable
2= 48 Vdc
E= ETS 300630/
SPLITTER
ETS 300385/MPT1717
MODES
N=
None
2= Non-protected Fractional E1/T1
A= Asymmetric 1dB/10 dB
5= 1+1 Fractional E1/T1
S= Symmetric 3dB
8= Space Diversity E1/T1
1400S
DUPLEXER SEP.
N= None (Optional Ext.)
R= None (Wired for Ext.) Redun.
1= Internal
2= Internal-Space Diversity
BANDWIDTH PROTECTED STBY
N= None
E= 500 kHz
W= Warm
F= 1 MHz
H= Hot
G= 2 MHz
Figure 5. Model Number Codes (LEDR 1400S)
2.0 INSTALLATION
Installation of the LEDR transceiver is not difficult, but it does require
some planning to ensure optimal efficiency and reliability. This section
provides tips for selecting an appropriate site, choosing antennas and
feedlines, and minimizing the chance of interference. This material
should be reviewed before beginning equipment installation.
2.1 General Requirements
There are four main requirements for installing the transceiver—a suitable installation environment, adequate and stable primary power, a
good antenna system, and the correct interface between the transceiver
and the external data equipment. Figure 6 shows a typical station
arrangement.
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DATA INTERFACE
GRID DISH
ANTENNA
TO DC
POWER SOURCE
(24 or 48 Vdc as appropriate)
LOW LOSS
COAXIAL CABLE
Figure 6. Typical Station Arrangement
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Site Selection
For a successful installation, careful thought must be given to selecting
proper sites for the radios and antenna systems. Suitable sites should
offer:
• An antenna location that provides an unobstructed path in the
direction of the associated station
• A source of adequate and stable primary power
• Suitable entrances for antenna, interface or other required
cabling
• Adequate clearance around the radio for ventilation
These requirements can be quickly determined in most cases. A possible
exception is the first item—verifying that an unobstructed transmission
path exists. Microwave radio signals travel primarily by line-of-sight,
and obstructions between the sending and receiving stations will affect
system performance. This is especially important for the LEDR 1400S,
which operates in the 1400 MHz microwave frequency band.
If you are not familiar with the effects of terrain and other obstructions
on radio transmission, the following discussion will provide helpful
background.
Terrain and Signal Strength
A line-of-sight path between stations is highly desirable, and provides
the most reliable communications link in all cases. A line-of-sight path
can often be achieved by mounting each station antenna on a tower or
other elevated structure that raises it to a level sufficient to clear surrounding terrain and other obstructions.
The requirement for a clear transmission path depends upon the distance
to be covered by the system. If the system is to cover only a limited distance, say 5 km (3.1 miles), then some obstructions in the transmission
path may be tolerable. For longer-range systems, any obstruction could
compromise the performance of the system, or block transmission
entirely.
The signal strength at the receiver must exceed the receiver sensitivity
by an amount known as the fade margin to provide reliable operation
under various conditions.
Detailed information on path planning should be reviewed before beginning an installation. See RF Propagation Planning on page 87 for more
information. Computer software is also available for this purpose that
can greatly simplify the steps involved in planning a path.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
Adaptive Broadband/MDS offers path analysis (for paths in the USA)
as an engineering service. Contact the factory for additional information.
On-the-Air Test
If you’ve analyzed the proposed transmission path and feel that it is
acceptable, an on-the-air test of the equipment and path should be conducted. This not only verifies the path study results, but allows you to
see firsthand the factors involved at each installation site.
The test can be performed by installing a radio at each end of the proposed link and checking the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)
value reported at the front panel LCD screen of each radio. If adequate
signal strength cannot be obtained, it may be necessary to mount the station antennas higher, use higher gain antennas, or select a different site
for one or both stations.
A Word About Interference
Interference is possible in any radio system. However, since the LEDR
radio is designed for use in a licensed system, interference is less likely
because frequency allocations are normally coordinated with consideration given to geographic location and existing operating frequencies.
The risk of interference can be further reduced through prudent system
design and configuration. Allow adequate separation between frequencies and radio systems.
C/I Curves
A carrier to interference (C/I) curve can help in frequency and space
coordination. The information in this curve can aid greatly in helping
plan geographic locations and frequency usage for radio systems. Contact the factory for additional information on carrier to interference
curves. A whitepaper on the subject is available on request. Ask for Publication No. 05-3638A01.
Keep the following points in mind when setting up your point-to-point
system:
1. Systems installed in lightly populated areas are least likely to
encounter interference; those in urban and suburban environments
are more likely to be affected by other devices operating in the
radio’s frequency band and adjacent services.
2. Directional antennas must be used at each end of a point-to-point
link. They confine the transmission and reception pattern to a comparatively narrow beam, which minimizes interference to and from
stations located outside the pattern. The larger the antenna, the more
focused the transmission and reception pattern and the higher the
gain.
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
3. If interference is suspected from another system, it may be helpful
to use antenna polarization that is opposite to the interfering system’s antennas. An additional 20 dB (or more) of attenuation to
interference can be achieved by using opposite antenna polarization.
Refer to the antenna manufacturer’s instructions for details on
changing polarization.
2.2 Antenna and Feedline Selection
Antennas
The antenna system is perhaps the most crucial part of the system
design. An antenna system that uses poor quality feedline, or is improperly aligned with the companion site, will result in poor performance, or
no communication at all.
A directional antenna must be used for point-to-point systems to minimize interference both to and from nearby systems. In general, cylindrical or dish type antennas with a parabolic reflector must be used. Yagi
or corner reflector types may be acceptable in some applications. Check
government regulations.
The exact style of antenna used depends on the size and layout of a
system. In most cases, a directional “dish” type of antenna is used with
the radio (Figure 7). Dish antennas maximize transmission efficiency
and restrict the radiation pattern to the desired transmission path.
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Figure 7. Typical Grid Dish Antenna
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 list some common grid dish antenna sizes
and their approximate gains.
Table 1. Dish antenna size vs. gain at 400 MHz
Antenna Size
Meters (feet)
Approximate
Gain (dBi)
1.2 meters
(4 feet)
13.1
2.0 meters
(6 feet)
16.3
3.0 meters
(10 feet)
19.6
4.0 meters
(12 feet)
22.2
Table 2. Dish antenna size vs. gain at 900 MHz
Antenna Size
Meters (feet)
Approximate
Gain (dBi)
1.2 meters
(4 feet)
18.4
2.0 meters
(6 feet)
22
3.0 meters
(10 feet)
26.4
4.0 meters
(12 feet)
28
Table 3. Dish antenna size vs. gain at 1400 MHz
Antenna Size
Meters (feet)
Approximate
Gain (dBi)
1.2 meters
(4 feet)
23.7
2.0 meters
(6 feet)
26.1
3.0 meters
(10 feet)
30.6
4.0 meters
(12 feet)
32.1
Adaptive Broadband Corporation/MDS can also furnish antennas for
use with the transceiver. Consult your sales representative for details.
Feedlines
For maximum performance, a good quality feedline must be used to
connect the transceiver to the antenna. For short-range transmission, or
where very short lengths of cable are used (up to 8 meters/26 feet), an
inexpensive coax cable such as Type RG-213 may be acceptable.
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
For longer cable runs, or for longer-range communication paths, we recommend using a low-loss cable suited for 1400 MHz, such as Andrew
Heliax®. Whichever type of cable is used, it should be kept as short as
possible to minimize signal loss.
Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6 list several types of acceptable feedlines
and the associated losses according to operating frequency.
Table 4. Feedline Loss Table (450 MHz)
3.05 Meters
(10 Feet)
15.24 Meters
(50 Feet)
30.48 Meters
(100 Feet)
152.4 Meters
(500 Feet)
RG-8A/U
0.51 dB
2.53 dB
5.07 dB
25.35 dB
1/2 in. HELIAX
0.12 dB
0.76 dB
1.51 dB
7.55 dB
7/8 in. HELIAX
0.08 dB
0.42 dB
0.83 dB
4.15 dB
1-1/4 in. HELIAX
0.06 dB
0.31 dB
0.62 dB
3.10 dB
1-5/8 in. HELIAX
0.05 dB
0.26 dB
0.52 dB
2.60 dB
Cable Type
Table 5. Feedline Loss Table (960 MHz)
3.05 Meters
(10 Feet)
15.24 Meters
(50 Feet)
30.48 Meters
(100 Feet)
152.4 Meters
(500 Feet)
RG-8A/U
0.85 dB
4.27 dB
8.54 dB
42.70 dB
1/2 in. HELIAX
0.23 dB
1.15 dB
2.29 dB
11.45 dB
7/8 in. HELIAX
0.13 dB
0.64 dB
1.28 dB
6.40 dB
1-1/4 in. HELIAX
0.10 dB
0.48 dB
0.95 dB
4.75 dB
1-5/8 in. HELIAX
0.08 dB
0.40 dB
0.80 dB
4.00 dB
Cable Type
Table 6 lists several types of acceptable feedlines and the associated
losses at 1400 MHz.
Table 6. Feedline Loss Table (1400 MHz)
8 Meters
(26 Feet)
15 Meters
(49 Feet)
30 Meters
(98 Feet)
61 Meters
(200 Feet)
RG-213
3.0 dB
6.03 dB
12.05 dB
24.1 dB
1/2 in. HELIAX
0.73 dB
1.47 dB
2.93 dB
5.9 dB
7/8 in. HELIAX
0.42 dB
0.83 dB
1.66 dB
3.32 dB
1-5/8 in. HELIAX
0.26 dB
0.26 dB
1.05 dB
2.1 dB
Cable Type
2.3 Radio Mounting
The radio can be mounted either in a 19-inch equipment rack or on a
table top. It should be located in a relatively clean, dust-free environment that allows easy access to the rear panel connectors as well as front
panel controls and indicators. Air must be allowed to pass freely over the
ventilation holes and heat sink on the side panel.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
The dimensions of the LEDR radio are:
• 305 mm (12 in) deep
• 426 mm (16.75 in) wide—excluding rack brackets
• 45 mm (1.75 in) high—1RU
Attaching the Rack Brackets
The radio is normally shipped with the rack brackets uninstalled. To
attach them, select the desired mounting position on the sides of the
chassis. (The brackets may be mounted flush with the front panel, or
near the middle of the chassis.)
Both short and long screws are provided with the brackets. Use the long
screws for the heatsink (left) side of the chassis and the short screws for
the right side of the chassis. Tighten the screws securely.
2.4 Radio Rear Panel Connectors
The rear panel of the standard LEDR “S” Series radio is shown in
Figure 8. Figure 9 shows the rear panel of a radio equipped with an FT1
Option Board. Refer to the descriptions that follow for specific information regarding rear panel connections.
Invisible place holder
EXPANSION DATA
SERVICE CHANNEL
GROUND STUD
RX
ETHERNET
DC POWER
Antenna/TX
External Duplexer
RF CONNECTORS
DATA CONNECTOR
COOLING FAN
ALARM INPUT & OUTPUT
Power Plug
Detail (see text)
Note: RX Connector present with external duplexer only.
Figure 8. LEDR “S” Series Rear Panel (Standard)
10
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Invisible place holder
Power Plug
Detail (see text)
4 x G.703 DATA CONNECTORS
(Non-Protected version)
ETHERNET
SERVICE CHANNEL
GROUND STUD
RX
Antenna/TX
G.703/Expansion Data
External Duplexer
RF CONNECTORS
Ethernet
NMS
EIA-530-A
Service
Channel
Alarm I/O
DC Power Input
Data Interface
COOLING FAN
EIA-530 DATA CONNECTOR
(Not Operational with FT1 board installed)
DC POWER
ALARM INPUT & OUTPUT
Note: RX Connector present with external duplexer only.
Figure 9. LEDR “S” Series Rear Panel (With FT1 Option Board)
Ground Stud
The ground stud on the rear panel provides a point to tie the radio’s
chassis ground to earth ground for safety purposes.
Antenna/TX
The Antenna/TX connector is a coaxial N-type connector. When an
internal duplexer is installed, it serves as the connection point for the station antenna. When an external duplexer is used, it acts as the transmitter
RF output connector to the duplexer.
RX
The RX (receive) connector is a coaxial N-type connector. It is only
installed if the radio is supplied for use with an external duplexer. It carries receive signals from the duplexer to the transceiver.
When an external duplexer is used, ensure that the higher frequency
(transmit or receive) is connected to the duplexer connector marked HI
and the lower frequency (transmit or receive) is connected to the
duplexer marked LO.
G.703 Data Connectors (4)—For radios with FT1 Option Bd.
These RJ-45 jacks provide connection to G.703 customer-supplied data
interface equipment. Only one of the jacks is active (user selectable in
software). For pinout information, see Figure 26 on page 86.
Ethernet
The Ethernet connector provides access to the embedded SNMP agent
and other elements of the TCP/IP network-management interface. The
connector is a standard 10 base-T connection with an RJ-45 modular
connector.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
11
At a repeater site, the Ethernet connector must be connected to the other
radio with a cross-cable for the Orderwire and service channel to function properly.
For detailed pin information see, Figure 24 on page 85.
EIA-530-A
The EIA-530-A connector is the main data input/output connector for
the subrate radio. The EIA-530 interface is a high-speed serial data connector. For detailed pin information, see “EIA-530-A Data” on page 85.
Service Channel
This is a 9-pin serial port with EIA-232-type signaling. For detailed pin
information, see “Service Channel” on page 86.
Alarm I/O
This is a 9-pin connector that has both inputs and outputs. The events
that cause alarm output signals can be configured in the radio software.
See “evmap” on page 43 for information on programing which events
trigger an alarm. See Figure 28 on page 86 for Alarm I/O pinout information.
Power
CAUTION
POSSIBLE
EQUIPMENT
DAMAGE
Before connecting primary power to the radio, verify that it matches the
power supply operating range. Improper voltages may damage the
equipment. The allowable voltage limits are shown in Table 7. The
power connector is not polarity-sensitive.
The DC power connector is a three-pin keyed connector. The power
supply used can be connected with either polarity. The center conductor
is not connected.
Table 7. Power Supply Options
Nominal Input Voltage
Allowable Voltage Range
24 Vdc
19.2 to 28.8 Vdc
48 Vdc
38.4 to 57.6 Vdc
Refer to the model number codes in Figure 3 to determine the radio’s
power supply range.
2.5 Protected Switch Rear Panel Connectors
The rear panel of the Protected Switch Chassis is shown in Figure 10.
Refer to the following descriptions for specific information regarding
rear panel connections.
12
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Figure 11 presents an inter-unit cabling diagram for protected configurations.
Invisible place holder
PROTECTED DATA
E1 DATA
EIA-530-A
ETHERNET
SERVICE CHANNEL
530 (A&B)
RF CONNECTORS
RxA
RxB
Antenna
TxA
TxB
Protected
4 E1 3
Ethernet
530 (A&B)
EIA-530-A
Service Channel
Figure 10. Protected Switch Chassis—Rear Panel
RxA
The RxA (receive, radio A) connector is a coaxial N-type connector. It
connects to the RX port on the rear panel of Radio A via a short coaxial
cable.
RxB
Same as RxA, but for Radio B.
Antenna
The Antenna connector is a coaxial N-type connector. It serves as the
connection point for the station antenna.
TxA
The TxA (transmit, radio A) connector is a coaxial N-type connector. It
connects to the TX port on the rear panel of Radio A via a short coaxial
cable.
TxB
Same as TxA, but for Radio B.
Protected Data
This pair of connectors accepts G.703 data signals from each of the
LEDR radios. The top connector is for Radio A, and the bottom connector is for Radio B. For pinout information, see Figure 26 on page 86.
E1
These connectors are not operational on “S” Series (Subrate) radios.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
13
Ethernet
The Ethernet connector provides access to the embedded SNMP agent
and other elements of the TCP/IP network-management interface. The
connector is a standard 10 base-T connection with an RJ-45 modular
connector. For detailed pin information, Figure 24 on page 85.
530 (A&B)
This pair of DB-25 connectors accepts EIA-530 signals from each of the
LEDR radios. The top connector is for Radio A, and the bottom connector is for Radio B. For pinout information, see Figure 26 on page 86.
EIA-530-A
This DB-25 connector provides a connection point for customer-supplied EIA-530 data equipment.
Service Channel
In a protected configuration, this DB-9 connector becomes the Service
Channel connection for both LEDR radios. (The Service Channel connectors on the radios become non-functional.) For detailed pin information, see “Service Channel” on page 86.
2.6 Inter-Unit Cabling for Protected Stations
The required cabling between the two radios and the Protected Switch
chassis is shown in Figure 11.
14
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Invisible place holder
NOT USED IN
PROTECTED CONFIG.
RADIO A
G.703/Expansion Data
RX
Ethernet
NMS
Alarm I/O
DC Power Input
TX
External
COAXIAL CABLES (4)
P/N 19-1323A02
Service
Channel
EIA-530-A
Data Interface
TO
STATION
ANTENNA
SCSI CABLE
P/N 03-3837A01
RIBBON CABLE
P/N 03-3828A01
TO EIA-530
DATA EQUIPMENT
NOT USED WITH
FT1-EQUIPPED RADIOS
PROTECTED SWITCH
RxA
RxB
Antenna
TxA
TxB
Protected
4 E1 3
Ethernet
EIA-530-A
530 (A&B)
Service Channel
TO ETHERNET HUB
SERVICE CHANNEL
(SERVES BOTH RADIOS)
RIBBON CABLE
P/N 03-3828A01
SCSI CABLE
P/N 03-3837A01
RADIO B
G.703/Expansion Data
RX
Ethernet
NMS
Service
Channel
EIA-530-A
Alarm I/O
DC Power Input
TX
External
Data Interface
NOT USED IN
PROTECTED CONFIG.
Figure 11. Inter-unit Cabling—Protected Version
3.0 OPERATION
The LEDR radio is designed for continuous, unattended operation.
Under normal conditions, the only time operator intervention is required
is to power the unit up or down, or to change an operating parameter.
This section explains the use of the radio’s controls and indicators and
provides steps for initial startup of the equipment.
3.1 Initial Startup
NOTE: The LEDR radio is normally keyed continuously, and the radio
will transmit whenever power is applied. Ensure there is a suitable load on the antenna connector before connecting power.
Operation of the radio can be started by simply connecting primary
power to the unit. After a short self-test, a “default screen” similar to the
following appears on the radio’s LCD display:
LEDR Link
RSSI: -60 dBm
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
15
Maximizing RSSI
For newly installed systems, one of the first tasks is to orient the station
antenna for a maximum Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) as
shown on the LCD screen. See “Performance” on page 30 for details. A
maximum RSSI ensures the antenna is properly aimed at the associated
station. Move the antenna slowly while an assistant observes the RSSI
display for a maximum reading.
Initial Login—Required to change radio settings
When the radio is first powered up, it defaults to a read-only condition.
That is, the radio parameters may be viewed, but cannot be changed. To
enable changes to radio settings, a valid user name and password must
be entered.
When the radio is shipped from the factory, it is pre-programmed with
the following temporary login credentials:
Username: SUPER
Password: SUPER
Keypad Method
To log in from the front panel using the temporary credentials, follow
these steps:
1. Go to the Login screen and press the front panel
Username screen appears with SUPER displayed.
ENTER
key. The
2. Press the ENTER key again to access the Password screen. Use the
arrow keys to scroll through the list of characters and individually
select the letters spelling out the word SUPER. Press ENTER after each
character selection. (For more information on character selection
using the keypad, see “Communicating with the Radio” on page 18.)
3. When all of the characters have been entered, press ENTER again. The
screen briefly displays Login Success and returns to the Login entry
screen.
The user may now access any of the screens shown in Figure 14 with
Administrator level privileges (the highest allowable user level).
Console Method
To login using a terminal connected to the front panel console port,
follow the steps below. (For more information on connecting a terminal,
see “Console Port” on page 35.)
1. Connect a terminal to the radio’s front panel console port
press ENTER . The ADAP> prompt will appear.
and
2. Enter login SUPER. The Password > prompt will appear.
16
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
3. Enter the password SUPER. The following response appears: login:
SUPER logged in.
The user may now access any of the console commands listed in
Table 12 on page 36 with Administrator level privileges (the highest
allowable user level).
Changing the
SUPER Password
(Recommended)
The factory-programmed username and password (SUPER) is provided
to enable a System Administrator to operate a newly installed radio. It
is highly recommended that the password for SUPER be changed as soon
as possible to maintain system security.
Follow these steps to change the factory-programmed password:
1. Login as SUPER using the Console Method described above.
(Passwords cannot be changed using the front panel keypad.)
2. Enter the command passwd. At the next prompt, enter a new password (eight characters maximum).
3. Re-enter your new password (for verification purposes). If the entry
is correct, the radio responds with user: Command Complete.
You may now set up additional accounts, set permission levels, or delete
accounts as desired using the user command. See page 58 for complete
description of this command.
NOTE: It is recommended that users log out when finished using the
keypad or console terminal. This can be done using the Logout
screen on the radio, or the logout command from a console
terminal as appropriate. If there is no keypad or terminal
activity for 10 minutes, the radio automatically logs out and
reverts to read-only status.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
17
3.2 Communicating with the Radio
There are four different methods available to set radio parameters and
query the radio.
• Front Panel—The front panel is intended to serve as a convenient user interface for local radio management. Most, but not
all, parameters and functions are accessible from the front
panel.
• SNMP Network Management System—The SNMP agent
interface is optimized to fulfill the fault configuration, performance and user access requirements of the LEDR radio system.
A separate guide, P/N 05-3532A01 explains SNMP in more
detail.
• Telnet—A standard network application protocol which provides a console-type interface to configure and query most radio
parameters.
• EMS (Element Management System)—The EMS is used via
a terminal connected to the front panel console port. It may be
used to configure and query every manageable radio parameter
on a given network using the out-of-band service channel. The
EMS may be used on the local radio (login command) or on the
remote radio (rlogin command).
Front Panel Controls
Figure 12 shows the LEDR radio’s front panel controls and indicators.
The front panel includes LEDs, an LCD display screen and a menu navigation keypad.
MENU NAVIGATION BUTTONS
STATUS LEDS
LCD DISPLAY
ALARM STATUS LEDS
Figure 12. Front Panel Interface
18
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDs
The front panel LEDs indicate the following conditions when lit:
POWER—Main
ACTIVE—This
ALARM—A
Power is applied to radio.
is the Primary unit in a redundant configuration.
general alarm condition is present
RX ALARM—The
LCD Display/Keypad
modem is not locked to a receive signal
TX ALARM—There
is a problem with the transmitter
I/O ALARM—There
is a payload data interface error
The LCD display provides a 2 line by 16 character readout of radio
status and parameter settings. It is used with the menu navigation
keypad on the right side of the front panel to control the radio’s operation and access diagnostic information.
Use of the keypad (Figure 13) is simple, and allows many basic operating tasks to be performed without connecting an external terminal or
using additional software.
Invisible place holder
Figure 13. Menu Navigation Keypad
The keypad buttons can be used for two functions; Navigation, and
Editing. The functions of the keys are automatically selected according
to the screen that is being viewed by the user.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
•
Navigation Mode—This is the default mode. The left and right
keys (
) navigate through the available top level screens (see
menu tree, Figure 14). The ENTER key allows entry into a screen,
exposing another level of menus or entering edit mode for a radio
parameter. The ENTER key always exits the current screen, causing
the program to “pop out” one level.
•
Edit Mode—In editable screens, pressing the ENTER key puts the
screen in Edit mode. The technique for applying new data depends
on the particular edit mode used by that screen. LEDR screens have
four edit sub-modes; List, Character edit, Text Entry, and Horizontal Bar.
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
19
In List mode, the left and right keys scroll through a list of
choices. Pressing ENTER when the desired choice is selected
attempts to apply the changes. Pressing ENTER drops out of the
edit mode without saving changes.
The Character Edit mode consists a cursor move mode and a
character scroll mode. Upon entering the Character Edit mode,
the left and right keys move the cursor in the corresponding
direction. When the cursor is below the character to change,
pressing ENTER again puts the screen in character scroll mode in
which the left and right keys scroll through the available characters. Pressing ENTER saves the new character and reverts to cursor
move mode. To save all changes made in cursor move mode,
place the cursor under the special “Enter” character and press
ENTER . Pressing
ENTER
in character scroll mode reverts to cursor
move mode. Pressing ENTER in cursor move mode cancels character edit mode without saving any changes.
The Text Entry mode is a slight modification to the Character
Edit mode above. Upon entering Text Entry mode the cursor is
in the leftmost position and the
keys scroll through the
available characters. Pressing ENTER saves the current character
and moves the cursor to the next position to the right. When the
text is correctly entered, moving the cursor to the special “Enter”
character and pressing ENTER attempts to save the new text.
Pressing ENTER in cursor move mode cancels Text Entry mode
without saving any changes.
The Horizontal Bar mode is used in some menu screens. It
allows adjustment of the LCD display for the best contrast using
the
keys (see Front Panel menu, page 33). The right key
corresponds to upward viewing angle; the left key corresponds
to downward viewing angle. Pressing ENTER saves the adjusted
value as the default setting.
It works in a similar manner for the Orderwire menu (see page
33) to adjust the Volume and VOX threshold.
Front Panel Menu Tree
The LEDR radio contains several top level menus (see Table 8). These
serve as entry points to a variety of sub menus that can be used to view
or adjust operating parameters and diagnose the radio link.
Table 8. Top Level Menu Screens
20
1) Login/Logout
9) Modem
2) Network
10) Console
3) General
11) Diagnostics
4) RF Configuration
12) Orderwire
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Table 8. Top Level Menu Screens (Continued)
5) IO Configuration
13) Front Panel
6) Line Configuration
14) Redundant
7) Performance
15) Remote Status
8) G.821
Figure 14 on the following page shows a pictorial view of the front panel
menu tree. Detailed explanations of the screens are given in Section 3.3,
Front Panel LCD Menu Descriptions (beginning on page 24).
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
21
Invisible place holder
Step 1
Note: This menu tree shows the selections available on radios equipped with an FT1 Option Board.
Standard “S” Series radios will have fewer selections.
Details Page 24
LEDR Link
Default Screen
ENTER
Step 2
Step 3
Details Page 24
LEDR Link
Login
Username
Admin
Details Page 24
Menu Selection
LEDR Link
Logout
Details Page 24
LEDR Link
Network
Details Page 25
LEDR Link
General
Details Page 26
LEDR Link
RF Config
Details Page 27
LEDR Link
IO Config
Details Page 28
LEDR Link
Line Config
Details Page 30
LEDR Link
Performance
Details Page 31
LEDR Link
G.821
Details Page 32
LEDR Link
Modem
Details Page 32
LEDR Link
Console
Details Page 33
LEDR Link
Diagnostics
Details Page 33
LEDR Link
Orderwire
Details Page 33
LEDR Link
Front Panel
Details Page 34
LEDR Link
Redundant
LEDR Link
Logged out
Password
******
Text Enter
(Note: Logout screens available only when logged in.)
Display Only
Netmask
000.000.000.000
Gateway
000.000.000.000
Default IP Port
000.000.000.000
Number Enter
Number Enter
Number Enter
Number Enter
Unit ID
000
Model Number
LEDR 400S
Serial Number
xxxxxxxxxxxx
Firmware Rev.
x.x.x
Display Only
Display Only
Display Only
IP Address
000.000.000.000
Number Enter
Tx Frequency
xxxx.xxxx MHz
Rx Frequency
xxxx.xxxx MHz
TxKey Enable
UN-KEYED
Bandwidth
200 kHz
Number Enter
Number Enter
Menu Selection
Menu Selection
Clock Mode
INTERNAL
Interface
E1
FDL Enable
DISABLED
CAS Enable
DISABLED
Menu Selection
Menu Selection
Menu Selection (see note)
Choose Line 1
LINE1
Frame Struct 1
FAS ONLY
AIS Generate 1
OFF
Menu Selection
Menu Selection
Menu Selection
RSSI
-60 dBm
Display Only
G.821 Status
ERROR FREE
Display Only
Rx Lock
LOCKED
SNR
+27 dB
Display Only
Power Out
+30 dBm
Set/Display
Available
Unavailable
0 sec
Display Only
Display Only
Menu Selection
AIS Forwarding 1
OFF
Menu Selection
PA Temperature
+37 °C
Display Only
Errored
0 sec
Display Only
Freq. Offset
-170 Hz
Corrected
0 bytes
Uncorrectable
0 blocks
Display Only
Display Only
Display Only
Display Only
Baud Rate
9600
Parity
None
Menu Selection
Loopback
NORMAL (NONE)
Menu Selection
Send ODW Alert
400
Menu Selection
Backlight
ENABLED
Menu Selection
Built in Test
Start?
Menu Selection
Volume
~~~~~~
Level Setting
Viewing Angle
~~~~
Menu Selections
Angle Setting
My Status
OK
Sibling Status
OK
Details Page 35
Display Only
LEDR Link
Remote Status
Remote UnitID
Number

Display Only
Vox Threshold
~~~~~~
Level Setting
Keypad Beep
ENABLED
Key Repeat Rate
150 ms
Menu Selections
Menu Selections
Active
NO
Mode
1 + 1 HOT
Display Only
Menu Selection
Numeric Entry
Figure 14. Front Panel LCD Menu Navigation
22
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Invisible place holder
(Note: Redundant screens visible
only on protected/redundant
stations)
Hardware Rev.
xxxxxxxx
Display Only
Mod/Data rate
32-QAM 768 kbps
Menu Selection
Line map
1a 2b 3c 4d
(Note: Earlier versions of the software may display the Clock Mode as NORMAL instead of INTERNAL.)
Menu Selection
Line Code
AMI
Menu Selection
Severely Erred
0 sec
Display Only
Reframe
3 cons. FAS
Pulse Shape 1
g.775
Menu Selection
Menu Selection
Cable Length 1
1-133 ft
Menu Selection
RESET G.821?
NO
Menu Selection
Bit Error Rate
< 1 x 10-6
Display Only—This description indicates the LCD menu item is for
informational purposes only.
Display Only
Menu Selection—This description indicates there are selections
available and the choices may be scrolled through using the
buttons. Press the ENTER button again to save menu selection
choice.
Text or Number Enter— This description indicates the entry is
alphanumeric. The
buttons are first used to position the
cursor over the text to be changed. Then, the ENTER button is
pressed to enter the edit mode. Use the
buttons to scroll
ENTER
through all available characters. Press the
button again to
save the displayed character in displayed location.
Default Screen
RSSI
Sibling IP
000.000.000.000
Numeric Entry
Hitless
ON
Menu Selection
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Default Radio
Yes
Menu Selection
Switch Xcvr
Switch?
(Note: Redundant screens
visible only on protected/
redundant stations)
Menu Selection
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
23
3.3 Front Panel LCD Menu Descriptions
Default Parameters
LEDR Link
Default Screen
This menu allows you to view the default screen that appears on the
LCD display. If desired, the default screen may be changed (see
“ Default Screen” on page 34).
Login
The login menus allow you to log in to the radio’s operating system and
gain access to configuration and diagnostics functions permitted for
your assigned access level.
Username
Admin
The username menu is where you specify the user name assigned by the
user access administrator.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “login” on page 48
Password
******
The password screen is where you specify the password associated with
your user name to gain access to the login account. A maximum of eight
characters are allowed.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “passwd” on page 51
Network
IP Address
000.000.000.000
This menu allows changes to the radio’s IP address. The IP address is
used for SNMP connectivity. The IP address also allows new radio software to be downloaded over-the-air.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “ip” on page 46
This menu allows the subnet mask to be viewed and changed. The
subnet mask specifies which bits of the host IP address can be re-used
Netmask
000.000.000.000 for increased network addressing efficiency.
Example: Consider an IP address in a Class C network, such as
150.215.017.009. The Class C network means that the right-most group
of numbers (009) identifies a particular host on this network. The other
three groups of numbers (150.215.017) represent the network address.
24
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Subnetting allows the further division of the host part of the address
(right-most group of numbers) into two or more subnets. A subnet mask
of 255.255.255.127 allows half of the host portion of the IP address to
be reused to define sub-networks.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “ip” on page 46
This menu allows the Gateway IP address to be viewed or set. The
Gateway IP address is the address of the radio that connects the radio
Gateway
000.000.000.000 network to an IP network.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “ip” on page 46
This menu allows selection of the Default IP port for networking conDefault IP Port nections to the LEDR radio. The Ethernet selection is used for cable conEthernet
nection to a Local Area Network (LAN) or repeater via the radio’s rear
panel ETHERNET NMS connector.
The AIR selection is commonly used for over-the air (RF) networking
between radios, but may also be used with a back-to-back cable connection between two radios via the radio’s rear panel ETHERNET NMS connector. This type of communication uses the SNAP protocol and
requires the use of an ethernet crossover cable.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “ip” on page 46
General
Unit ID
000
This menu allows the Unit ID of the radio to be displayed or changed.
The Unit ID allows an individual radio to be signaled for Orderwire use.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “unitid” on page 58
Model Number
LEDR 1400S
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
This menu displays the radio model number. The radio type cannot be
changed by the user.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “model” on page 51
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
25
Serial Number
xxxxxxxxxxxx
This menu displays the radio serial number and matches the serial
number on the chassis sticker. The radio serial number cannot be
changed by the user.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “sernum” on page 55
Firmware Rev.
xxxxxxxx
Hardware Rev.
xxxxxxxx
This menu displays the firmware revision level of the internal radio software.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “ver” on page 59
This menu displays the hardware revision level of the main PC board in
the radio.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “ver” on page 59
RF Configuration
Tx Frequency
This menu is used to set or view the transmit (TX) frequency of the
radio.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “freq” on page 44
This menu is used to set or view the receive (RX) frequency of the radio.
Rx Frequency
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “freq” on page 44
Tx Key Enable
This menu is used to enable (key) or disable (dekey) the transmitter or
to verify that the radio is keyed and the transmitter is active. The radio
is normally keyed and transmitting whenever power is applied.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “txkey” on page 58
Bandwidth
26
This menu displays the bandwidth setting of the radio. The bandwidth is
set at the factory and cannot be changed by the user. Refer to Table 17
on page 61 for allowable combinations of bandwidth, data rates, and
modulation types.
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
This menu displays the modulation type and the aggregate link data rate.
The available modulation types are 16 QAM, 32 QAM, and 64 QAM.
Mod/Data rate
32-QAM 768 kbps The data rate can be changed, but is dependent on the modulation type.
See “Bandwidths, Data Rates and Modulation Types” on page 61.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “modem” on page 51
IO Configuration
Clock Mode
INTERNAL
This screen is used to set or display the data clocking method. For synchronization purposes, several different clocking schemes can be used.
See “Transmit Clock Selection” on page 62.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “clkmode” on page 42
NOTE: Earlier versions of the software may display the Clock Mode
as NORMAL instead of INTERNAL.
Interface
E1
This screen is used to set or display the payload data interface. The
available selections are E1 and T1, depending on hardware configuration of the LEDR radio.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “interface” on page 46
FDL Enable
DISABLED
This screen is used to set or display the Facility Data Link (FDL) status
for T1 operation. Valid selections are Enabled and Disabled.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “modem” on page 51
CAS Enable
DISABLED
This screen is used to set or displays the Channel Associated Signaling
(CAS) status. The available selections are Enabled and Disabled.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “modem” on page 51
Line map
1a 2b 3c 4d
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
This screen is used to set or display the current span mapping configuration. The entry consists of from 1 to 4 alpha-numeric characters specifying line interface to span mapping. Valid numbers are 1–4. Valid span
characters are a–d.
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
27
Example: Entering 1a 2b 3c 4d causes the following:
maps line 1 to span a
maps line 2 to span b
maps line 3 to span c
maps line 4 to span d
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “linemap” on page 47
Line Configuration
Choose Line 1
LINE1
This screen is used to choose or display the line (1-4) that is selected.
This selection will be active for all of the screens that follow in the Line
Configuration menu and will be displayed in the upper right hand corner
of each screen.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “linename” on page 48
Frame Struct 1
FAS ONLY
This screen is used to set or display the span(s) frame structure. The
allowable selections are shown in Table 9.
Table 9. Frame Structure—Allowable Selections
T1 Operation
E1 Operation
0–FT only (Default)
0–FAS Only (Default)
1–ESF
1–FAS + BSLIP
2–ESF + PRM
2–FAS + CRC
3–SF
3–FAS + CRC + BSLIP
4–SF + JYEL
4–FAS + CAS
5–ESF + CRC
5–FAS + CAS + BSLIP
6–ESF + CRC + PRM
6–FAS + CRC + CAS
7–FAS +CRC + CAS +BSLIP
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “fstruct” on page 44
AIS Generate 1
OFF
This screen is used to set or display the Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
status. It may be set to ON or OFF. When generation is enabled, fault
conditions within the link or at the line interface will cause the appropriate AIS signaling to occur.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “ais” on page 40
28
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
This screen is used to set or display the Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
AIS Forwarding 1 forwarding status. It may be set to ON or OFF. When forwarding is
enabled, AIS/RAI signaling at the line interfaces will be detected and
OFF
passed to the other end of the radio link.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “ais” on page 40
Line Code
AMI
This screen is used to set or display the linecode used by the radio. The
1 available selections are AMI or HDB3.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “linecode” on page 47
This screen is used to set or display the reframe criteria of the LEDR
Reframe
1 radio. The setting is based on the number of errors encountered. The
available selections for T1 and E1 operation are listed in Table 10
3 cons. FAS
below.
Table 10. Reframe Criteria Selections
T1 Operation
E1 Operation
2 out of 4 Fbit errors (Default)
3 consecutive FAS errors (Default)
2 out of 5 Fbit errors
915 CRC errors
2 out of 6 Fbit errors
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “reframe” on page 53
This command is used to select or display the pulse template according
Pulse Shape 1 to the data interface cable being used. Table 11 below shows the available selections for T1 and E1 operation.
g.775
Table 11. Line Selections vs. Cable Type
T1 Operation—100 Ω
Twisted Pair Cable
E1 Operation
ITU-T G.703, 120 Ω Cable
0–1 to 133 feet (Default)
g.775 (Default)
1–133 to 266 feet
i.431
2–266 to 399 feet
3–399 to 533 feet
4–533 to 655 feet
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
29
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “line” on page 47
This command is used to set or display the cable length being used for
Cable Length 1 the data interface. The available selections are:
1-133 ft
1 to 133 feet (Default)
133 to 266 feet
266 to 399 feet
399 to 533 feet
533 to 655 feet
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “line” on page 47
Performance
The performance menu items provide diagnostics information regarding
the radio. The following diagnostic parameters are available on a continuous, updating basis:
•
•
•
•
RSSI
-60 dBm
RSSI—Received Signal Strength Indicator
SNR—Signal/Noise Ratio (not valid if there is an RX Alarm)
POUT—Power Output
PA Temperature—Power amplifier temperature
The RSSI display indicates the strength of the radio signal being
received at the radio receiver. The measurement is in dBm. Therefore,
an RSSI of –80 dBm is stronger than a –100 dBm signal.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “rssi” on page 54
SNR
+27 dB
The SNR display indicates the relationship of the amount of intelligence
versus noise on the radio signal. The higher the SNR, the better the
quality of the radio signal.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “snr” on page 55
30
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Power Out
+30 dBm
The Power Output display indicates the transmitter power output in
dBm. (+30 dBm is equal to 1.0 watt; +20 dBm is 100 mW.)
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “rfout” on page 54
PA Temperature
+37 °C
The PA Temperature display indicates the internal temperature
(degrees Celsius) at the hottest point on the transceiver’s printed circuit
board (near the power amplifier section of the radio).
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “temp” on page 56
G.821
LEDR Link
G.821
G.821 Status
Error Free
This menu contains radio link performance information. The G.821
standard defines descriptive words associated with bit-error rate performance. Refer to the ITU-T G.821 recommendations for definitions and
standards.
This display shows summary information regarding the bit-error-rate
(BER) status of the radio.
Available
0 sec
This screen shows the available seconds of the radio link. The G.821
standard defines Available Seconds as the period of time following a
period of 10 consecutive seconds, each of which has a BER of less than
1x10-3.
Unavailable
0 sec
This screen shows the unavailable seconds of the radio link. The G.821
standard defines Unavailable Seconds as the period of time following a
period of 10 consecutive seconds, each of which has a BER of higher
than 1x10-3.
Errored
Severely Erred
Reset G.821?
NO
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
This screen shows the errored seconds of the radio link. The G.821 standard defines Errored Seconds as a one second period in which one or
more bits are in error.
This screen shows the severely errored seconds of the radio link. The
G.821 standard defines Severely Errored Seconds as a one second
period that has a BER higher than 1x10-3.
This screen allows the user to reset the G.821 performance monitoring
screens.
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
31
Modem
Rx Lock
LOCKED
Freq. Offset
-170 Hz
Corrected
0 bytes
Uncorrectable
0 blocks
This menu indicates whether the receiver demodulator has detected a
signal, acquired the carrier, and data rate, as well as achieved a Forward
Error Correction (FEC) lock.
This screen shows the frequency offset of the LEDR radio as measured
in Hertz.
This menu shows how many frames have been corrected by the radio’s
FEC capability.
This menu shows how many bytes could not be corrected by the radio’s
FEC capability.
This menu shows the current bit error rate (BER) of the LEDR radio.
Bit Error Rate
< 1 x 10-6
Console
Baud Rate
9600
This menu allows you to set or view the current data rate setting for the
console port serial interface. Refer to Figure 23 on page 85 for pinout
information of the console port. See “Console Port” on page 35 for additional information.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “con” on page 41
Parity
None
This menu allows you to set or view the current parity setting for the
console port serial interface. Refer to Figure 23 on page 85 for pinout
information for the console port. Refer to Console Port on page 35 for
additional information. Typically, this will be set to NONE.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “con” on page 41
32
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Diagnostics
Loopback
NORMAL (NONE)
This menu is used to start the loopback mode for testing purposes.
Remote loopback port selection is relative to the local port. The radio
link will translate any line mapping to select the correct physical remote
port to loop back, based on the selected local port.
When conducting RF loopback testing, see page 49 (loopback console
command) for additional information.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “loopback” on page 49
This menu is used to start built in radio tests to check radio function.
Built in Test
Start?
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “test” on page 56
Orderwire
Send ODW Alert
This menu allows you to “ring” the Orderwire at a specified radio site.
Refer to Using the Orderwire on page 60 for instructions on using the
Orderwire.
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “alert” on page 40
Volume
~~~
This screen is used to set or display the Orderwire volume. Use the
keys to adjust the screen. Pressing
saves the adjusted value
as the default setting.
ENTER
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “volume” on page 59
Vox Threshold
~~
This screen is used to set or display the Orderwire vox threshold (activation level). Use the
keys to adjust the screen. Pressing
saves the adjusted value as the default setting.
ENTER
For the console
command-line equivalent,
see “vox” on page 59
Front Panel
Backlight
ENABLED
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
This screen provides control of the front panel LCD illumination. The
LCD illumination may need to be enabled to view the LCD depending
on ambient lighting conditions.
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
33
Viewing Angle
~~
This screen allows you to adjust the viewing angle (top to bottom) of the
LCD screen. The angle may need to be adjusted depending the mounting
position and ambient lighting conditions of the radio. Use the
keys to adjust the screen. Pressing
saves the adjusted value as the
default setting.
ENTER
Keypad Beep
ENABLED
This screen allows the radio beeper to be disabled or enabled. The
beeper provides a short “chirp” whenever a keypad button is pressed.
This screen allows you to set the time delay that occurs before a button
Key Repeat Wait will start repeating its function when held down.
150 ms
Default Screen
RSSI
This screen allows you to set the default screen that appears when the
radio is first turned on, or is left idle for more than 10 minutes. The RSSI
screen is commonly chosen, but any screen may be selected as a default.
Redundant
My Status
OK
Sibling Status
OK
Active
NO
Mode
1 + 1 HOT
Sibling IP
000.000.000.000
34
This screen is used to display the status of the radio currently being used.
“OK” is displayed when no problems are detected.
This screen is used to display the status of the “other” radio in a protected configuration (the one not currently being used). “OK” is displayed when no problems are detected.
This screen is used to set or display whether the currently selected radio
is the active unit.
This screen is used to set or display the radio’s redundancy mode. The
available selections are: redundant hot standby (1+1 Hot), redundant
warm standby (1+1 Warm) or stand-alone configuration.
This screen is used to set or display the sibling radio’s Internet Protocol
(IP) address. (See note below.)
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
NOTE: The associated radio IP address should be programmed to the
IP address of the other radio connected to the protected
switching chassis. The associated radio IP address is used by
the redundant radio to share information between the units.
This address is necessary for warm-standby switching but not
for hot-standby. However, the redundant radio will perform
better if their associated radio IP address is programmed
correctly. The associated radio IP address does not affect IP
routing and forwarding, SNMP, or Telnet.
Hitless
ON
Default Radio
Yes
Switch Xcvr
Switch?
This screen sets or displays whether the radio is set to perform error-free
switchover in the event of an alarm condition.
This screen displays whether or not the radio is the default radio in a protected configuration. The default radio is determined by which one is
connected to the top connector of the Protected Switch Chassis rear
panel. (See Figure 11 on page 15.)
This screen is used to force a switchover to the non-active transceiver.
(The newly selected unit becomes the active transceiver).
Remote Status
Remote UnitID

This screen is used to set or display the unit identification for the remote
radio.
3.4 Console Port
The Console Port on the front panel provides full access to configuration
and diagnostics information.
The console port is an EIA-232 type connection that provides ASCII
text communications to a connected terminal. Refer to Pinout Information on page 84 for connector wiring details.
Although the console interface is compatible with a VT-100-type terminal, ANSI terminal emulation displays the menus with the best
results.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
35
NOTE: It is important to use a terminal or terminal-emulator that
supports 80 characters per line and 25 lines per screen. The
menus will be distorted if terminals with different line characteristics are used.
The command line can be used to configure and query the radio parameters and setup information. The available commands can be listed on
the display by typing help at the ADAP> prompt, then ENTER .
Using the Console Port
1. Connect a terminal to the front panel DB-9 connector labeled
2. Open an ANSI terminal application on the terminal. (If using a windows operating system, a HyperTerminal window can be used.)
3. Press ENTER a few times. When communications are established
with the radio, an ADAP> text prompt appears on the terminal screen.
4. Type login  (or rlogin  for remote
access) and press Enter. At the password> prompt, type your password (eight characters maximum).
Once you are successfully logged in, the commands shown in Table 12
are available at the command line prompt (ADAP>).
NOTE: The console commands listed in this manual show the selections available on radios equipped with an FT1 Option Board.
Standard “S” Series radios will have fewer selections.
Table 12. Console Port Commands
36
Command
Description
Displays the available console commands.
May also be entered after any other
command to obtain context sensitive help.
(Note: help may be entered in place of ?).
page 39
ais
Echoes/enables/disables Alarm Indication
Signal (AIS) generation and Remote Alarm
Indication (RAI) detection, AIS and RAI
Signal (RAIS) forwarding on given span(s).
page 40
alarm
Provides control of alarm outputs and
displays state of alarm inputs.
page 40
alert
Sends an alert sound to the specified radio
page 40
ber
Display pre-FEC and post-FEC bit error rate
page 41
bert
Provides a means to test the link between the
radio and the customer equipment. (Not
implemented at press time.)
--
boot
Displays or reboots the board with either
software image
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
Reference
page 41
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Table 12. Console Port Commands (Continued)
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Command
Description
buzzer
Briefly sounds the radio’s piezo buzzer to test
its operation.
page 41
coffset
Displays modem carrier frequency offset in
Hz.
page 41
con
Set/display console parameters
page 41
config
Used to get or send a radio configuration file.
page 41
date
Set/display current date
page 41
dtren
Set/display DTR enable
page 42
clkmode
Set/display transmit clocking mode
page 42
ethernet
Displays Ethernet address
page 43
events
Event log commands
page 43
evmap
Set/display alarm port and alarm LED
settings
page 43
fan
Displays fan status
page 43
fec
Display corrected and uncorrected FEC
errors
page 43
freq
Set/display operating frequencies
page 44
fset
Display absolute frequency limits
page 44
fstruct
Set/display current span(s) frame structure
page 44
g821
Show/Reset G.821 information
page 44
group
Set/display network group
page 44
help
Displays the available console commands.
May also be entered after any other
command to obtain context sensitive help.
(Note: ? may be entered in place of help).
page 39
icopy
Firmware image copy
page 45
idlepat
Set/display timeslot idle pattern
page 45
info
Set/display radio/owner information
page 45
interface
Echoes or sets the payload data interface
page 46
interleave
Set/display interleave depth
page 46
ip
Set/display the radio’s IP numbers
page 46
iverify
Firmware image verify
page 46
lcd
Tests radio’s front panel LCD display.
page 46
led
Tests radio’s front panel LEDs.
page 46
line
Set/display pulse shape settings
page 47
linecode
Set/display the linecode used by span(s)
page 47
linerr
Show/enable/clear line errors
page 47
linemap
Set/display current linemapping configuration
page 47
linename
Echoes or sets names for line interfaces
page 48
log
View, sort, clear, send event log information
page 48
login
Console user level access
page 48
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
Reference
37
Table 12. Console Port Commands (Continued)
38
Command
Description
logout
Console user exit
page 49
loopback
Set/display loopback modes
page 49
menu
Runs Menu Wizard
page 51
model
Display radio model number
page 51
modem
Set/display radio modulation type and data
rate
page 51
network
Display network numbers
page 51
passwd
Sets new user password (8 characters max.)
page 51
pll
Displays Phase Locked Loop status
page 52
pmmode
Enables/disables modem modulator power
measurement mode (on/off).
page 52
rdnt
Redundant command (Valid only on
Protected models)
page 52
reframe
Set/display the reframe criteria
page 53
reprogram
Reprograms radio software
page 54
rfocal
Set/display RF power output calibration
sequence.
page 54
rfout
Displays transmit power
page 54
rlogin
Log in to remote radio
page 54
route
Add/delete/modify IP routing table entries
page 54
rssi
Displays received signal strength
page 54
rssical
Set/display RSSI calibration sequence.
page 54
rxlock
Displays current modem lock status
page 55
sabytes
Echo/set sa bytes in E1 multi-frame
page 55
sernum
Displays radio serial number
page 55
snmpcomm
Set/display SNMP community names
page 55
snr
Displays signal to noise ratio
page 55
status
Displays performance and configuration data
page 55
svch
Set/display service channel configuration
page 56
telnetd
Displays or kills (terminates) telnet session(s)
page 56
temp
Displays PA temperature
page 56
test
Runs self-test of radio
page 56
threshold
Set/display performance degradation
threshold(s)
page 57
time
Set/display system time
page 57
timeslot
Selects which timeslots to transmit for a
span(s). Default action is to enable.
page 57
trapfilter
Set/display which events cause SNMP traps.
page 58
trapmgr
Set/display the trap manager IP address
page 58
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
Reference
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Table 12. Console Port Commands (Continued)
Command
Description
Reference
trend
Displays continuously updated readings of:
RSSI, radio temperature, RF output,
signal-to-noise ratio, and FEC errors (correc
ted and uncorrected).
page 58
txkey
Key or unkey radio
page 58
unitid
Displays the unit identification
page 58
uptime
Displays how long the radio has been
operating
page 58
user
Administration tool for adding, modifying or
deleting user accounts
page 58
ver
Displays software version
page 59
volume
Set/display handset volume
page 59
vox
Set/display vox threshold
page 59
who
Displays the radio users list
page 59
Command Descriptions
The following commands are available through the console port. The
conventions used for these commands are similar to UNIX command-line structure. These commands all require the Enter or Return
key be pressed after the command.
The following conventions are used to help describe the usage of the
commands.
Square brackets [ ] contain subcommands that may or may not be
needed as part of the desired command. If there is more than one
possible subcommand a vertical line | separates the commands
within the square brackets. A subcommand is an optional extension of the command and changes the basic command.
Angle brackets <> contain arguments. The arguments are values
needed to carry out the command such as a frequency value or
option.
? or help
Usage: help
This command returns a list of currently available commands. In addition, entering help as a subcommand before or after a command returns
usage information regarding the command. A ? (question mark) can be
also be used to invoke help.
Command example:
rssi help ENTER
Returns:
Usage: command [subcommand] 
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
39
ais
Usage: ais [linelist] [-g ] [-f ]
This command enables or disables alarm signal generation and forwarding on specified lines. When generation is enabled, fault conditions
within the link or at the line interface will cause the appropriate
AIS/RAI signaling to occur. When forwarding is enabled, AIS/RAI signaling at the line interfaces will be detected and passed to the other end
of the link.
Command example:
ais -f on -g on ENTER
Returns:
AIS on RAI on
alarm
Usage: alarm [1-4|all ]
[input [1-4|all]]
This command is used to control the alarm outputs and to display the
state of the alarm inputs.
Command example #1:
alarm all ENTER
Returns:
alarm: Starting test (all alarms)
alarm: Test complete (all alarms)
Command example #2:
alarm 2 close ENTER
Returns:
alarm: alarm 2 closed
Command example #3:
alarm input 3 ENTER
Returns:
alarm: alarm input 3 = open
alert
Usage: alert <3 digit unit ID>|all
This command is used to sound the alert buzzer on another radio station.
This function allows you to signal a radio and alert someone that the
handset for the Orderwire should be picked up.
40
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
The three-digit number following the command indicates the unit ID of
the radio that will be signaled. See “Using the Orderwire” on page 60.
for more information.
ber
Usage: ber
This command displays pre-FEC and post-FEC Bit Error Rate (BER).
Returns: ber 10-6
boot
Usage: boot [<1-2>]
This command is used to view or change the radio’s active software
image. If boot is entered alone, the currently active image is displayed.
A selection of 1 or 2 after the command (e.g., boot 2) indicates which
software image to boot. (A message appears to confirm that you wish to
reboot the software.) Upon reboot, the radio software and all radio functions are restarted in a manner similar to turning the radio power off and
then on again. The radio is taken out of service until it reinitializes.
A choice of software images allows booting an alternate version of radio
software. The ability to have two radio resident software images allows
radio software reprogramming over-the-air and the ability to restore
operation to the original software if required.
buzzer
Usage: buzzer
This command briefly sounds the radio’s piezo buzzer for testing.
Example response:
buzzer: Starting test
buzzer: Test complete
coffset
Usage: coffset
This command displays the Modem Carrier Frequency Offset.
con
Usage: con (baud [300|1200|2400|4800|9600|19200|38400|115200]) (parity
[none|even|odd])
This command sets or displays the console serial port operating parameters. The console data rate is set or displayed using the baud subcommand. The parity is set or displayed using the parity subcommand.
config
Usage: config [get|send] [filename] [hostIP] [useCals
This command is used to get or send a radio configuration file.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
41
clkmode
Usage 1 (EIA-530 operation): clkmode []
Usage 2 (E1/T1 operation): clkmode []
This command is used to set or display the master clock source for the
radio system. Several different clocking schemes can be used. See
“Transmit Clock Selection” on page 62 for clocking arrangements.
NOTE: Earlier versions of the software may display the Clock Mode
as NORMAL instead of INTERNAL.
Usage 1 Subcommands:
internal—Internal oscillator source (default).
exttx—Clock from external equipment.
looped—Recovered RF (RX) clock.
extdce—Some other source.
Usage 2 Subcommands:
internal—Internal oscillator source (default).
remote—Over-the-air, RX data derived.
1-4—Recovered RF (RX) clock.
linename—Loop timing from specified line interface.
In E1/T1 operation only, the clkmode command allows the various possible clock sources to be prioritized for fallback. As timing sources
become available, the highest-priority source will be chosen by the
system. If attaching to the network or equipment that provides timing, a
universal form of the command would be clkmode 1234 internal.
If attaching to equipment that will provide looped-back timing, a universal form of the command would be clkmode remote internal. If both
ends of the link provide looped-back timing, the internal clock source
should be selected by entering clkmode internal. Note that at least one end
of the link should have either network or internal timing selected.
date
Usage: date [MM/DD/YYYY]
Subcommands: date format [<1-3>] (1-US, 2-European, 3-generic)
This command sets or displays the date and time of the radio’s internal
real-time clock. The real time clock operates from an internal lithium
battery so it is running even if the radio has no DC power connected. The
date format may also be set or displayed from this screen for one of three
formats: U.S., European, or generic.
The real time clock is fully compliant with year 2000 standards.
Example response:
42
date: 07-JUN-1999 08:11:30
date format: dd-MON-yyyy (3)
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
dtren
Usage: dtren []
The dtren command sets or displays the status of the DTR (handshaking)
enable.
Example response: dtren: on
ethernet
Usage: ethernet
This command displays the fixed hardware address of the radio’s
Ethernet port. This number is assigned at the factory and cannot be
changed.
events
Usage: events [subcommand] []
Subcommands:
pending
filter [event#] [count]
init
desc []
This command allows viewing the pending events (pending), setting the
number of occurrences per log entry (filter), initializing events processing (init) and display of event descriptions (desc). To turn off logging for a particular event, the filter count value should be set to zero.
Example response:
evmap
events {events}: -DEMOD_ACQUISITION (Event #27)
events: Event#0 Filter count=1
events {init}: The event log has been re-initialized
events {desc}: Event#40 DescriptionIO2_DIG_REM_LPBACK
Usage: evmap [subcommand] [event #] [arguments]
Subcommands:
led [ioalarm|txalarm|rxalarm|alarm|active] [...]
aout [1|2|3|4] [...]
dump
This command sets or displays which radio system events cause alarm
indications on the front panel LEDs or the rear panel ALARM I/O connector. The subcommands specify which output will be asserted upon
occurrence of an event #. Multiple outputs can be specified with spaces
between them.
See Figure 12 for reference of the Front Panel LEDs. Refer to Alarm on
page 86 for the pinouts of the Alarm I/O connector.
Example response:
fan
evmap: Event #0 LED alarm
evmap: Event #0 Alarm Output NONE
Usage: [fan]
This command is used to read the status of the radio’s cooling fan.
Example response:
fec
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
fan1: Working
fan2: Working
Usage: [fec ]
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
43
This command displays corrected and uncorrected FEC errors.
Example response:
freq
fec: 1812992 Correctable Bytes
fec: 6912 Uncorrectable Blocks
Usage: freq [] [] []
This command sets or displays the transmit and receive frequency.
Example response:
fset
freq {TxFreq}: 942175000 Hz
freq {RxFreq}: 944175000 Hz
Usage: fset [] []
This command sets the absolute frequency limits of the LEDR radio.
Example response:
fstruct
fset {MinFreq}: 900000000
fset {MaxFreq}: 960000000
Usage: fstruct [linelist] [mode <0-7>]
This command is used to set or display the span(s) frame structure. The
[linelist] variable represents a list of line interfaces. This entry can be
either a single line number or linename (see linename command), a
comma separated list of line numbers or linenames, a range of line numbers (i.e., 1-4), or if linelist is not given all lines. Table 13 shows a list
of valid line numbers.
Table 13. T1/E1 Line Numbers
Mode for T1
Mode for E1
0–FT only (default)
0–FAS only (default)
1–ESF
1–FAS + BSLIP
2–ESF + PRM
2–FAS + CRC
3–SF
3–FAS + CRC + BSLIP
4–SF + JYEL
4–FAS + CAS
5–ESF + CRC
5–FAS + CAS + BSLIP
6–ESF + CRC +PRM
6–FAS + CRC + CAS
7–FAS + CRC + CAS + BSLIP
g821
Usage: demod|io1|io2|io3|io4|all[clr]
This command is used to show or reset the radio’s G.821 information.
Example Response:
group
44
Demodulator: ERROR FREE
Savail: 1036
Sunavail: 0
ES: 0
SES: 0
Usage: []
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
This command sets or displays the network group that the radio is operating in.
Example response: group: 1
help or ?
Usage: help
This command can be used alone or with a specific command. Entering
help before or after a command will display the usage and possible subcommands of the command. The character ? may also be used to obtain
help.
icopy
Usage: icopy []
This command is used to copy the active software image to the inactive
software image.
There are two independent radio operating software files residing in the
radio. The radio uses one of the files as the active software which is running. The other software file is inactive and is not running. The ability
to have two radio software images allows radio software reprogramming to be done over-the-air and provides the ability to restore operation
to the original software if required.
To run the software image see “boot” on page 41.
idlepat
Usage: idlepat [] [slots ] 
This command is used to set or display the timeslot(s) idle pattern.
variable definitions:
linelist: Represents a list of line interfaces. It can consist of a single line
number or linename, a comma separated list of line numbers or linenames, a range of line numbers (i.e., 1–4), or if linelist is not given all
lines. See Table 13 on page 44 for a list of line numbers.
slotlist: A list of timeslots consisting of a single slot number, comma sep-
arated list of slot numbers, or a range of slot numbers (i.e., 2-8).
pattern:
info
A 2 hex digit value (default value is 17).
Usage: info [] []
This command is used to program information into radio memory that
is particular to the radio site or installation. The information is intended
for identification and memorandum needs.
Four separate text fields are provided. The owner’s name string is limited to 10 characters. The contact, location, and name text fields are limited to 254 characters. Any standard, printable ASCII characters are
allowed.
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45
To display the owner’s name text field enter info owner. To display the
contact information enter info contact. To display the name information
enter info name. To display the location information enter info location.To
display all the parameters enter info.
To change the info text, enter text after info owner or other info field
name.
interface
Usage: interface: [e1|t1]
This command is used to set or display the payload data interface. The
user may select between EIA-530 and T1, or EIA-530 and E1.
Example response:
interface: {Line}: e1
interleave
Usage: interleave [depth]
This command is used to set or display the interleave depth.
Example response:
interleave: 1
ip
This command sets or displays the Internet Protocol (IP) data for the
LEDR radio. The subcommands allow you to set the IP address, IP netmask, IP gateway, or IP port.
Usage: ip [subcommand] []
Subcommands:
address [x.x.x.x]
netmask [x.x.x.x]
gateway [x.x.x.x]
IP port [ETH|AIR]
See “Network” on page 24 for additional information.
Example response:
iverify
IP Address: 10.2.142.143
IP Netmask: 255.255.0.0
IP Gateway: 0.0.0.0
IP Port: ETH
Usage: iverify [1–2] []
This command is used to determine the data integrity of the two software image files that reside in the radio. (See also icopy, above.)
Example response:
iverify: Image has been verified
lcd
46
Usage: lcd []
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
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This command starts a two-part test of the radio’s front panel LCD.
When lcd is first entered, the display should appear with all blocks.
When the Return key is pressed, the screen should change to completely
blank.
led
Usage: led [] []
This command is used to test the front panel LEDs. If no argument is
given, all front panel LEDs (except POWER) should flash in sequence.
Press Control-C to end the test.
Command example:
led alarm on
Returns:
led: Alarm LED ON
line
Usage: line [linelist] [cable <0-4> [spec]
This command is used to set or display the pulse template according to
the cable characteristics shown in Table 14 below.
Table 14. Line Selections vs. Cable Type
T1 Operation—100 Ω
Twisted Pair Cable
E1 Operation
ITU-T G.703, 120 Ω Cable
0–1 to 133 feet (Default)
g.775 (Default)
1–133 to 266 feet
i.431
2–266 to 399 feet
3–399 to 533 feet
4–533 to 655 feet
linecode
Usage: linecode [linelist] [HDB3|AMI]
This command sets or displays the radio’s linecode (B8ZS or AMI in T1
mode, HDB3 or AMI in E1 mode).
The [linelist] variable represents a list of line interfaces. It can consist of
a single line number or linename, a comma separated list of line numbers or linenames, a range of line numbers (i.e., 1–4), or if linelist is not
given all lines. See Table 13 on page 44 for a list of line numbers.
Example response:
linecode: HDB3
linerr
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Usage: linerr [linelist] [on|off]
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
47
This command is used to display, enable, or disable line errors. The
[linelist] variable represents a list of line interfaces. It can consist of a
single line number or linename, a comma separated list of line numbers
or linenames, a range of line numbers (i.e., 1–4), or if linelist is not given
all lines. See Table 13 on page 44 for a list of line numbers.
linemap
Usage: linemap [maplist
This command is used to set or display the current span mapping configuration. The maplist variable consists of from 1 to 4 alpha-numeric
characters specifying line interface to span mapping. Valid numbers are
1–4. Valid span characters are a–d.
Example: Entering linemap 1d 2b 3a 4c causes the following:
maps line 1 to span d
maps line 2 to span b
maps line 3 to span a
maps line 4 to span c
linename
Usage: linename  
This command is used to set or display the names for line interfaces.The
[linelist] variable represents a list of line interfaces. It can consist of a
single line number or linename, a comma separated list of line numbers
or linenames, a range of line numbers (i.e., 1–4), or if linelist is not given
all lines. See Table 13 on page 44 for a list of line numbers.
The namelist variable consists of a list of names. It can consist of a
single name or a comma/whitespace separated list of names. Names can
be up to 16 characters long.
log
Usage: log [subcommand] []
Subcommands:
view [critical|major|minor|inform]]
filter [event #] [count]]
clear
send [filename] [hostIP]
This command is used to display and manage the event log file as follows:
The view subcommand displays the list of events with the associated
time and date as well as other system parameters.
The filter subcommand is used to sort events.
The clear subcommand resets the event log and purges all events from
memory.
The send subcommand uploads the send event log information to an IP
address using TFTP protocol.
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login
Usage: login
This command allows access to configuration and diagnostics information as allowed by the radio system administrator.
Example:
ADAP> login ENTER
Returns:
Username>
Type:
john (or
appropriate user name)
ENTER
Returns:
Password>
Type: (password)
ENTER
NOTE: Passwords must not exceed eight characters.
See user command on page 58 for more information on user access
levels.
logout
Usage: logout
This command is used to log out as a user of the radio configuration and
diagnostics functions.
loopback
Usage 1: loopback none|rf|local|remote|iol [linelist]|ior [linelist] ]
Usage 2: loopback [inb|outb] [linelist] [on|off] [-u ] [-d ]
The loopback command is used to set or display the loopback mode that
can be used for diagnostic purposes. Entering loopback without any
parameters displays the current loopback mode.
Usage 1 subcommands:
The none subcommand disables all loopback operation. This is the mode
for normal point-to-point operation.
The rf subcommand enables an RF loopback mode. This mode allows
testing of the local transceiver’s transmit and receive chain.
RF loopback testing is a valuable diagnostic tool, but it should not be
considered an exhaustive test of the transceiver. In some cases, interaction between the transmit and receive phase-locked loops (PLLs) can
occur, causing erroneous results during testing. Changing the transceiver’s RF output setting may resolve these problems.
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49
In addition, on all LEDR radios except the LEDR 1400 Series, the
transmit and receive frequencies must be within the same band for RF
loopback to function.
The local subcommand enables a local digital loopback mode. With this
test, incoming bits are sent back out the radio’s DATA connector before
the modem module. This can be used to verify proper interconnection
between the radio and the connected equipment. None of the radio’s RF
circuitry is involved in this test. (This description is true for EIA-530
operation only.)
For T1/E1 operation, the local subcommand enables a local digital MUX
loopback in the transceiver’s T1/E1 option card before going out to the
main board.
The remote subcommand instructs the radio at the other end of the link
to “echo” all of the data it receives. This is an effective way of testing
the entire communications system, including the transmission path over
the air. (In the event of a communications failure with the remote radio,
the message “Remote Error” is displayed, and no loopback mode is
selected. (This description is true for EIA-530 operation only.)
For T1/E1 operation, the remote subcommand mimics the ior subcommand described below.
The iol subcommand refers to the local line loopback.
The linelist variable represents a list of local line interfaces. It can consist
of a single line number or linename, a comma separated list of line numbers or linenames, a range of line numbers (i.e., 1–4), or if linelist is not
given all lines. See Table 13 on page 44 for a list of line numbers.
The ior subcommand refers to the remote line loopback. Remote loopback port selection is relative to the local port. The radio link will translate any line mapping to select the correct physical remote port to loop
back, based on the selected local port.
The timeout variable may be set between 0 minutes (never time out) and
60 minutes.
Usage 2 subcommands:
The inb subcommand refers to the inband loopback configuration.
The outb subcommand refers to the outband ESF (Extended Super
Frame) loopback configuration.
The linelist subcommand is identical to that described for Usage 1.
The on|off subcommands allow turning the loopback feature on or off.
50
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
The -u  subcommand allows setting of the inband|outband loopback upcode.
The -d  subcommand allows setting of the inband|outband loopback downcode.
The inband code consists of 1-7 bits, binary format.
Example: 00001
The outband code consists of 6 bits within the 16 bit ESF data link codeword.
Example: 000111
within 16 bit codeword: 0<000111>0 11111111
menu
This command starts the LEDR radio’s menu wizard.
model
Usage: model
This command displays the radio model number. This information is
programmed at the factory and cannot be changed.
modem
Usage: modem [matrix id] [bandwidth] [+fdl] [+cas]
This command sets or displays the radio modem and data rate. Table 15
shows the available number-letter combinations that can be entered for
a radio with a 200 kHz bandwidth. Note that the E1/T1 selections are
only valid on radios equipped with an FT1 Option Board.
Table 15. Modem Command Arguments1
Modulation
Type
64
kbps
128
kbps
256
kbps
384
kbps
512
kbps
768
kbps
QPSK
A1
A2
—
—
—
—
16 QAM
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
—
32 QAM
—
—
—
—
—
C6
1. The available selections depend on the radio’s factory
programmed bandwidth. See Table 17 on page 61 for
the allowable combinations of bandwidth, data rates
and modulation types.
Command Example: To set 16-QAM/384 kbps, enter modem B4 200
network
Usage: network
This command displays the radios that can be reached via the service
channel for Orderwire and Element Management System (EMS) diagnostics.
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51
passwd
Usage: passwd
This command is used to program a new password for the user currently
logged in. A maximum of 8 characters is allowed.
pll
Displays several key frequency control parameters, including the Minimum Frequency Step, the Reference Frequency, Oscillator Output Current, TX Frequency, RX Frequency, and TX/RX PLL status.
Example response:
pll:
Min Freq Step = 25000 Hz, Reference = 400000 Hz, ICPO = 1600 uA
Tx Freq = 438075000 Hz, Rx Freq = 428075000
Tx PLL Status: Locked
Rx PLL Status: Locked
pmmode
Usage: pmmode 
This command is used to set or display the Modem Modulator Power
Measurement Mode.
Example Response:
pmmode: off
rdnt
Usage: rdnt [subcommand] [arguments]
Subcommands:
active
default
hitless
ip
status
swxcvr
temp
mode
The rdnt command is used to manage protected operation of the LEDR
radio and display operating status through the use of the following subcommands:
The active subcommand shows whether the currently selected transmitter is active or inactive.
The default subcommand displays whether the radio is the default radio
in a protected configuration.
The hitless subcommand sets or displays the hitless (error-free)
switching status. It can be enabled or disabled using the hitless on|off
command.
The ip subcommand is used to set or display the associated (sibling)
radio’s IP address.
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NOTE: The associated radio IP address should be programmed to the
IP address of the other radio connected to the protected
switching chassis. The associated radio IP address is used by
the redundant radio to share information between the units.
This address is necessary for warm-standby switching but not
for hot-standby. However, the redundant radio will perform
better if their associated radio IP address is programmed
correctly. The associated radio IP address does not affect IP
routing and forwarding, SNMP, or Telnet.
The status subcommand shows the state of both radios. Two status lines
are displayed; This Radio and Other Radio.
The swxcvr subcommand forces a switchover to the non-active transceiver. (The newly selected unit becomes the active transceiver.)
The temp command is used to set or display the over-temperature limit
(where switchover to the other radio occurs).
The mode command is used to set or display one of three redundant operation modes (0= Standalone, 1= 1+1 Hot Standby, 2= 1+1 Warm
Standby).
Example Response for rdnt command:
rdnt {status}: This Radio = OK
rdnt {status}: Other Radio = OK
rdnt {active}: inactive
rdnt {mode}: 1+1 Hot Standby
rdnt {ip}: 10.2.142.143
rdnt {hitless}:on
rdnt {default}: yes
rdnt {temp}: 80
reframe
Usage: reframe [linelist] [2of4 | 2of5 | 2of6 | CFAS | CRC]
This command is used to set or display the reframe criteria. The [linelist]
variable represents a list of line interfaces. It can consist of a single line
number or linename, a comma separated list of line numbers or linenames, a range of line numbers (i.e., 1–4), or if linelist is not given all
lines. See Table 13 on page 44 for a list of line numbers.
For Fractional T1:
2of4
2of5
2of6
– 2 out of 4 Fbit errors (default)
– 2 out of 5 Fbit errors
– 2 out of 6 Fbit errors
For Fractional E1:
CFAS – Consecutive FAS errors (default)
CRC – 915 CRC (rx framer only)
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53
reprogram
Usage: reprogram [subcommand] []
Subcommands:
serial [type] [length] []
network [filename] [hostIP]
status
This write command reprograms the radio application software using
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). A TFTP server must be running
on the network and properly configured to serve the necessary file(s).
rfocal
Usage: rfocal  
This command starts the RFOUT Calibration Sequence. Example entry:
rfocal 0 0.
Example response:
Region 0
Index 0, Rfout = 18 dbm, Gain = 17
Index 1, Rfout = 20 dbm, Gain = 28
Index 2, Rfout = 22 dbm, Gain = 47
Index 3, Rfout = 25 dbm, Gain = 79
Index 4, Rfout = 27 dbm, Gain = 110
Index 5, Rfout = 30 dbm, Gain = 170
Index 6, Rfout = 32 dbm, Gain = 210
rfout
Usage: rfout
This command displays the transmitter RF power output in dBm. See
“Watts dBm Volts conversion” on page 92.
rlogin
Usage: [[]
The rlogin command is used to login to the remote radio via the console.
route
The route command is used to add, delete or modify the IP routing table
entries.
Example resp:
rssi
Destination
0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0
10.2.0.0
10.2.142.144
127.0.0.1
Next Hop
0.0.0.0
10.2.142.143
10.2.142.143
10.2.142.143
10.2.142.143
Net Mask
0.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255
Interface
ETH
ETH
ETH
AIR
LPBK
Usage: rssi
This command displays the received signal strength indication in dBm.
rssical
Usage: rssical  
This command starts the RSSI Calibration Sequence. Example entry:
rssical 0 0.
Example response:
54
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Region 0
Index 0, RSSI = –110 dbm, Gain = –104
Index 1, RSSI = –90 dbm, Gain = –40
Index 2, RSSI = –75 dbm, Gain = +1
Index 3, RSSI = –60 dbm, Gain = +28
Index 4, RSSI = –45 dbm, Gain = +61
Index 5, RSSI = –30 dbm, Gain = +97
rxlock
Usage: rxlock
This command displays the current modem lock status.
Example response: rxlock: Modem is locked
sabytes
Usage: sabytes [linelist] [bytes ][]
This command is used to set or display SNMP community names.
Example response:
snr
snmpcomm {read}: public
snmpcomm {write}: private
snmpcomm {trap}: public
Usage: snr
This command displays the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received
signal in dB. The SNR is an indication of the quality of the received
signal. The higher this number, the higher the quality of the received
signal. SNR readings are not valid when there is an RX Alarm.
status
Usage: status
This command is used to display the performance and configuration
data.
Example response:
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
55
status {Tx Freq}:
status {Rx Freq}:
status {Bandwidth}:
status {Data Rate}:
status {Clock Mode}:
status {RSSI}:
status {SNR}:
status {Rx Lock}:
status {Tx RF Out}:
status {Temp}:
svch
438075000
428075000
100 kHz
256 kbps
internal, remote, Line1, Line2, Line3, Line4
–100 dBm
0 dB
Unlocked
18.0 dBm
37 Degrees C
Usage: svch [subcommand] []
Subcommands:
baud [300|1200|2400|4800|9600|19200|38400]
csize [5–8]
parity [none|even|odd]
stop [0–2]
This command sets or displays the service channel settings.
telnetd
[kill ]
This command is used to display or kill (terminate) the telnet session(s).
Ex. resp:
temp
Session
tns0
Username
ENGR
Rem. Addr.
10.2.129.22
Connected
07/01/1999
@ 13:57:17
This command displays the radio’s power amplifier (PA) temperature.
Example response: temp: 35 Degrees C (PA Temperature)
test
Usage: test [<0–n>|]
This command starts a self-test function of the radio. There are several
separate tests that can be run individually by specifying the test number
after the command.
The internal self tests are listed in Table 16.
Table 16. Internal self tests
Description
56
Test
Number
Test
Name
Flash memory test
flash
DRAM memory test
dram
Configuration test
config
Battery test
batt
Atod test
atod
Transmitter phase locked loop test
txpll
Receiver phase locked loop test
rxpll
Real Time Clock test
rtc
FPGA logic test
fpga
DSP test
dsp
CODEC test
10
codec
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
threshold
Usage: [] []
This command sets or displays the performance degradation
threshold(s) of the LEDR radio.
Example response:
time
threshold {MinRssi}: 0
threshold {MinSNR}: 0
threshold {MaxTemp}: 70
threshold {Max15ErrSec}: 900
threshold {Max15SevereErrSec}: 900
threshold {Max24ErrSec}: 86400
threshold {Max24SevereErrSec: 86400
Usage: time [HH:MM[:SS]
This command displays or sets the time of the radio’s internal real-time
clock. The radio’s real time clock operates from an internal lithium battery so it is running even if the radio has no DC power connected.
The real time clock is fully compliant with year 2000 standards.
timeslot
Usage 1: timeslot [-d] [slotlist]
Usage 2: timeslot -c
This command has two uses; In usage 1, the timeslots can be set or displayed. In usage 2, all pending timeslots are committed.
Modifications to the timeslot list are kept pending until all available
slots have been assigned. The user can choose to commit slots when the
last available slot is added to the pending list or by using the -c option.
(See Usage 2.)
The default action is to enable given timeslots. If no arguments are
entered, the currently active timeslots and pending timeslots are displayed.
The slotlist variable is a list of timeslots and can be a single slot number,
comma separated list of slot numbers, or a range of slot numbers (i.e.,
2-8). Timeslots can be entered in any order and are automatically configured. Extra slots will be ignored. Unassigned timeslots in the pending
list are signified by MA (must assign).
Options:
–d Disable timeslot(s)
–c Commit pending timeslots
NOTE: T1 timeslots are 1–24. E1 timeslots are 0–31.
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trapfilter
Usage: trapfilter []
This command sets or displays which events cause SNMP traps.
trapmgr
[<1-5>] []
This command sets or displays the trap manager IP addresses.
Example response:
trend
trapmgr: 1 = 10.2.129.22
trapmgr: 2 = 0.0.0.0
trapmgr: 3 = 0.0.0.0
trapmgr: 4 = 0.0.0.0
trapmgr: 5 = 10.2.129.1
Usage: trend
This command is used to display continuously updated readings of:
RSSI, radio temperature, RF output, signal-to-noise ratio, and FEC
errors (correc ted and uncorrected). The display can be stopped by
pressing Control-C on the terminal.
txkey
Usage: txkey [on|off]
This command sets or displays the transmitter status. ON indicates the
radio is keyed and transmitting. OFF indicates the transmitter is not
keyed and is not transmitting.
unitid
Usage: unitid []
This command sets or displays the radio’s unit identification number.
This number is used for Orderwire signaling and the EMS (Element
Management System).
uptime
Usage: uptime
This command displays how long the radio has been powered-on.
user
Usage: user [subcommand] []
Subcommands:
add   
del 
perm  
pass
This command provides administrator access for setting new user
accounts and permission levels.
The password (pass) and user names are case sensitive and may not
exceed eight characters. The characters \\ may be used as a “blank” password.
User permission (perm) may be set to: read (r), write (w), network (n) or
administrator (a). The privileges granted by each level are as follows:
•
58
Read (r) is the lowest level of user access and allows radio information to be viewed only. Changes to radio settings are not allowed.
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
•
Write (w) allows most, but not all radio settings to be changed.
•
Network (n) allows everything permitted by lower levels, and also
allows changes to the radio’s IP configuration.
•
Administrator (a) allows everything permitted in lower levels, and
also allows changes to be made to user accounts (add, delete, modify). It is normally used by a System Administrator or other person
responsible for the radio system.
Example entry: user add John  w
The above example shows the command string for adding a new user
(John), with “write” permission.
Example response: user: Command Complete
NOTE: If you are logging in for the first time since the radio was
shipped from the factory, refer to page 16 for important login
information.
ver
Usage: ver [frw|hdw|ext]
This command displays radio version information for firmware (frw),
hardware (hdw) and Extended Version Information (ext).
Example response:
volume
ver: ADAP Part #06-3451A01
ver: 1.0.0

This command sets or displays the orderwire handset volume.
Example response: volume: 100
vox

The vox command sets or displays the orderwire vox (voice-operated
transmit) threshold.
Example response: vox: 5
who
Usage: who
This command displays users currently logged in to the radio operating
system.
3.5 SNMP Network Management
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) offers a comprehensive
solution to network management. It allows full configuration, performance monitoring, fault diagnosis and security administration of an
entire LEDR radio network.
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59
The LEDR radio uses approximately 140 specific SNMP manageable
objects in a IETF standard MIB II as well as a custom MIB. Off the shelf
SNMP managers such as SNMPc and HP OpenView may be used to
access the LEDR radio’s SNMP MIB to manage the network. Using
industry-standard SNMP managers allows seamless integration of the
LEDR network or existing systems.
Detailed information for using SNMP is provided in the SNMP Handbook (P/N 05-3532A01) available from Adaptive Broadband/MDS.
3.6 Using the Orderwire
A handset may be plugged into the front panel of the LEDR radio to
allow voice communications between radio sites (see Figure 15). This
can be especially useful during setup and service of the radio equipment.
The Orderwire function operates similar to a party line. All radios on the
network can hear what is said by any individual speaking into a handset.
The alert function however, can be directed toward a specific radio.
Normal payload data is not affected by Orderwire use. The Orderwire
uses voice-compression technology that introduces a slight, but noticeable, delay in Orderwire audio.
The Orderwire supports the use of DTMF-type (tone) signaling.
An optional handset (P/N 12-1307A01) is required to use the Orderwire.
1. Plug the handset into the front panel jack labeled
. (Figure 22
on page 84 provides pinout details for this connector.)
2. Press
or
until Orderwire appears on the LCD display.
3. To call a specific radio station, enter the Unit ID number for the station to be called. (At this point, an alert signal will be sent to a specific station to “ring” the desired unit.)
4. Press the PTT on handset and speak to the other station(s). Release
the handset PTT to listen. VOX (voice-activated transmit) operation
is also supported.
5. Alternatively, a DTMF-style handset can be used to “dial” the
required radio station.
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Invisible place holder
Figure 15. Orderwire Connection
3.7 Bandwidths, Data Rates and Modulation Types
The available bandwidth is permanently configured at the factory and
cannot be changed by the user. However, the modulation type and data
rate can be changed provided the bandwidth is sufficient to support the
modulation type and data rate. Table 17 shows the combinations of
radio bandwidth, data rates and modulation types that are available at
the time of publication.
Use of the modem command (page 51) automatically determines if the
combination of data rate, bandwidth and modulation type is allowable.
Table 17. Bandwidth vs. Modem Selection
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Radio
Bandwidth
Modem
Selection
Data Rate(s)
Modulation
25 kHz
B1
64 kbps
16-QAM
50 kHz
A1
64 kbps
QPSK
50 kHz
B2
128 kbps
16-QAM
100 kHz
A2
128 kbps
QPSK
100 kHz
B3
256 kbps
16-QAM
200 kHz
A3
256
QPSK
200 kHz
B4, B5
384, 512 kbps
16-QAM
200 kHz
C6
768 kbps
32-QAM
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
61
3.8 Transmit Clock Selection
The transmit clock selection must be addressed for every radio in every
installation. The single most important consideration is that there be
only one master clock in the radio network. The master clock can originate from the radio or from the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE).
The radio is capable of several different clocking modes. Refer to
Figure 16, Figure 17 and Figure 18 for typical system clocking
methods.
Refer to the Clock Mode screen description on page 27 for setting the
radio transmit clocking from the front panel. Refer to the clkmode
description on page 42 for setting the radio transmit clocking mode from
the console port.
NOTE: When customer premises equipment (CPE) is operated in
looped clock mode, it is recommended that the radio not be set
to line clock mode. To do so may cause the transmitting radio’s
PLL to be pulled out-of-lock, especially when operating at 4E1
data rates.
Invisible place holder
SITE A
SITE B
CPE
Customer Premises
Equipment (CPE)
CPE
LEDR Radio
Clock Source
Over-the-Air RF Path
LEDR Radio
Clock Source
Customer Premises
Equipment (CPE)
Network
Line 1, 2, 3, 4
Remote
Looped Clock
Network*
Line 1, 2, 3, 4
Line 1, 2, 3, 4
Network
Looped Clock
Internal Clock
Remote
Looped Clock
Internal Clock
Line 1, 2, 3, 4
Remote
Looped Clock
* This mode suitable for most voice applications. It is not recommended for data transmission between computing equipment.
Figure 16. E1/T1 and Fractional Clocking Arrangements
(Between computing equipment unless both devices at the ends of the
link are driven by a common clock source)
62
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Invisible place holder
SITE A
SITE B
CPE
CPE
Customer Premises
Equipment (CPE)
LEDR Radio
Clock Source
Over-the-Air RF Path
LEDR Radio
Clock Source
Customer Premises
Equipment (CPE)
Internal Clock
External Clock
Looped Clock
External Clock
External Clock
Internal Clock
Looped Clock
External Clock
Figure 17. EIA-530 Clocking Arrangements
Invisible place holder
SITE A
Scenario 1:
LEDR Radio Clock
Source: Line 1, 2, 3, 4
Scenario 2:
LEDR Radio Clock
Source: Internal
SITE B
CPE
Scenario 1:
Network or
Internal Clock
REPEATER SITE
LEDR Radio
Clock Source: Remote
Scenario 2:
Looped Clock
Mode
REPEATER NULL-MODEM
DATA INTERCONNECT CABLE
ETHERNET CROSS-CABLE
LEDR Radio
Clock Source: Remote
LEDR Radio Clock
Source: Line 1, 2, 3, 4
SITE C
CPE
Looped Clock
Mode
Figure 18. Typical Repeater Clocking Arrangement
(no multiplexer at repeater site)
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
63
3.9 Protected (1+1) LEDR Radio
The LEDR radio may also be supplied in a Protected (redundant) configuration (Figure 19). The protected version is designed to perform
automatic switchover to a second radio in the event of a failure in the
primary unit.
Protected operation is important for many mission critical or revenue
producing links. By configuring two identical LEDR radios in parallel
and including a third switch box containing the RF switching circuits
and the customer interfaces, it is possible to protect against failure in any
of the LEDR radio sub-systems, either through malfunction or external
environmental effects such as multipath fading or nearby lightning
strikes.
A Protected station consists of two standard LEDR radios and a Protected Switch Chassis (center unit in Figure 19). Ordinarily, the three
chassis are mounted together in a “stacked” arrangement as shown.
Invisible place holder
Figure 19. LEDR Radio Protected Version
Protected Operation
During normal operation, one radio path is selected and the RF and
interface switches are set to service that path. (An LED indicator on the
front panel of the Protected Switch Chassis shows the active unit.) A
switch on the transmitter circuitry allows one transmitter to be connected to the antenna port. On the receive path, a coupler allows both
radio receivers to detect the receive signal.
64
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Transmitter Failure
Any failure on the "active" transmitter path will raise a fault condition
causing the transmit switch to change and the "standby" transmitter to
become the "active" unit. Fault conditions can be programmed from the
Network Management System (NMS) software, and can be parameters
such as:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Low transmitter power
High transmitter temperature
Synthesizers out of lock
Problem with the option board or framers
CPU failure wherein the CPU watchdog causes a reset
Fan fault
The newly "active" transmit path will remain in use until a manual
changeover returns the configuration to the original transmitter path.
This allows the link to remain fully operational until the user has
replaced the faulty transmitter circuitry.
Receiver Failure
Both receivers are fed via an RF splitter from the antenna port. Both
receive paths are buffered and monitored for receive signal integrity via
uncorrectable bit errors. If the "active" receive circuitry fails, uncorrectable bit errors will be detected. The modem receive switch will first
determine that the "standby" receive path is operational (no uncorrectable bit errors) and will switch accordingly.
The protected LEDR radio is available with a number of configuration
options, each designed to optimize particular system solutions:
• 1+1 operation - warm or hot standby: In a warm standby link,
the standby transmitter is powered down. In a hot standby link,
the standby transmitter is powered up and transmitted in a
dummy load. The warm standby option offers the advantages of
significantly reduced power consumption, since only one transmitter path is powered. However, upon transmitter failure, the
switchover takes longer due to the transmitter having to be powered. Thus the hot standby offers the advantages of faster
switchover time and increased overall system availability.
• 1+0 operation: In some applications the user wants the flexibility to offer protected (1+1) operation in the future, but operates
a critical link that cannot be decommissioned for the upgrade.
The 1+0 configuration provides a single LEDR radio wired
through the switch box. This configuration can be upgraded to
a full 1+1 protected radio by adding the second radio, without
taking the 1+0 radio out of commission and losing critical data.
• Symmetrical or asymmetrical receiver splitters: The default
protected radio is configured with a 3 dB splitter on the receive
path, meaning that each radio’s receiver signal level is equal,
but typically 4dB worse than an unprotected radio (3dB due to
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
65
splitter, plus 1dB cabling and additional connectors). As an
option, an asymmetrical splitter (1dB / 10dB) is offered. Using
this option, the active path is 2 dB stronger than with a symmetrical splitter (1dB compared to 3dB splitter loss), allowing for a
better fade margin and increased system availability during normal operation.
However, upon receiver change over, the receive signal strength
will be significantly reduced due to the 10dB of splitter loss
rather than the equal splitter’s 3dB loss, making the link more
prone to fades in this temporary changed over state. Providing
the failed standby receiver is replaced within a short period of
time, many users find that the asymmetric splitter’s increased
normal performance offsets any derating in the temporary
switched state.
Space Diversity Operation
Space diversity operation is an effective mechanism of increasing a
radio link’s resilience to transmission impairments such as multipath
fading or frequency selective fading. In difficult transmission environments such as over highly reflective and moving water paths, or in arid
environments where atmospheric ducting occurs, space diversity is the
most effective way of maintaining a continuous radio link.
In a space diversity link, two radio receivers are operated in parallel,
from two separate antennas mounted several wavelengths apart vertically on the antenna tower. The separation of antennas is such that when
one antenna experiences fading due to multi-path interference, the other
antenna, being several wavelengths away, will not experience the same
fade. Thus, one receive path may experience uncorrectable errors, while
the other path will be error free. Similar to the protected operation, the
receive modem switch will determine which buffered data path is operating with the highest integrity, and select that path without inducing
any additional bit errors into the link.
Space diversity is especially effective in changeable multi-path environments such as over tidal water paths. Since water is highly reflective,
there will be continual "constructive" and "destructive" interference at
each single antenna over the course of the day as the water rises and falls
and the reflected water path interferes with the line-of-sight path. By
correct vertical positioning of the antennas, these effects can be negated,
allowing one antenna to see a good signal while the other is experiencing fading, and the modem switching accordingly to allow the link
to operate error- free.
The space diversity LEDR radio is available only in a hot standby configuration, with a symmetrical 3dB coupler on the receive paths.
66
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
User Interface & Control
Protected operation is configured using the Redundant screen (page 34)
on either radio front panel, or with the rdnt command from a console terminal (see page 52).
3.10 Fractional T1 Interface Card (Optional
Equipment)
The fractional T1 interface (FT1) option (P/N 03-3846A01) provides
additional connectivity within a LEDR network. The installation of an
FT1 option board inside the radio allows the standard EIA-530 customer
data interface to be bypassed and connection directly to a G.703 T1
interface.
With the FT1 option, users are able to place a LEDR link from a network
service access point to a remote site, where an installation supports multiple communications devices. Direct interface to customer equipment
such as channel banks is possible without the use of expensive protocol
converters.
See “Field Installation of FT1 Option Board Non-protected:
03-3846A01 Protected: 03-3539A01” on page 78 for instructions on
adding this option to a LEDR radio.
Fractional T1 Performance
The FT1 option allows the LEDR radio to be connected directly with a
G.703 T1 interface. The line rate of the interface operates at the T1 rate
of 1.544 Mbps. Twelve user selectable DS-0 timeslots are transmitted
over the air in the maximum FCC / IC allowed 200 kHz occupied bandwidth in the 960 MHz FCC / IC frequency band. The T1 interface is
G.703 at 100 Ω line impedance. Physical connection is via an RJ48C
jack on the rear panel.
Configurable
Parameters
The following performance specifications of the T1 fractional interface
are adjustable by the user. All of these parameters are manageable
locally, or over the air via SNMP network management. (Refer to the
SNMP Handbook, P/N 05-3532A01 for more information.)
Timeslots and Framing—Twelve DS-0 timeslots are permitted, with
selection arbitrary. The selection of timeslots may be different at each
end of the link, provided their number is equal. The timeslots may not
be reordered.
Alarm signals RAI and AIS are generated as appropriate. The user may
optionally have these signals forwarded over the RF link.
The frame format is selectable among: FT only, ESF without CRC
checking and generation, SF (D4), SF with JYEL indication, ESF with
CRC checking and generation.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
67
The re-framing criteria may be adjusted to the following settings: 2 out
of 4 Fbit errors, 2 out of 5 Fbit errors, 2 out of 6 Fbit errors.
Line Codes—Standard T1 line codes are supported: B8ZS, AMI, and
per-channel B7ZS.
The T1 line at each end of the link may be tested using a variety of bit
patterns. In normal operation, statistics are stored for any errors occurring at the line interface, such as framing errors, bipolar violations, and
CRC errors.
Diagnostics
Data may be looped back at the local port, through the T1 option only,
and at the remote unit. Further, the unit will respond to in-band (SF) and
data link (ESF) loopback codes at the local port.
When in ESF framing mode, the option can automatically generate performance report messages.
The following alarms may be monitored & logged. They may also be
associated with a user-selectable indication (alarm contact or front panel
LED): Remote Loopback, Lost Frame, Lost Signal, Lost Analog Signal,
AIS, RAI (RYEL), MultiFrame RAI, Severely Errored Frame, Frame
Re-Align, MultiFrame AIS, Far End Block Error, Line Code Error, CRC
Errors and Frame Bit Error.
Clocking—The clock source is configurable for network, loopback, and
internal timing, with secondary selections available should the primary
source become faulty.
4.0 RADIO EVENT CODES
Table 18 lists the event codes that may be encountered during operation
of the radio. These codes may be read from a console terminal using the
events pending command. (See page 43 for a full description of the events
command.)
NOTE: The event codes listed here are available on radios equipped
with an FT1 Option Board. Standard “S” Series radios will
display fewer codes.
Table 18. Event Codes
68
ID
EVENT NAME
DESCRIPTION
DEFAULT
LED
SNMP
TRAP
LEVEL
EXT_ALARM_IN1
External Alarm Input #1
ALARM
CRITICAL
EXT_ALARM_IN2
External Alarm Input #2
ALARM
CRITICAL
EXT_ALARM_IN3
External Alarm Input #3
ALARM
CRITICAL
EXT_ALARM_IN4
External Alarm Input #4
ALARM
CRITICAL
MODULATOR_EV
Communication failure
with modulator
ALARM
CRITICAL
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Table 18. Event Codes (Continued)
ID
EVENT NAME
DESCRIPTION
DEFAULT
LED
SNMP
TRAP
LEVEL
DEMODULATOR_EV
Communication failure
with demodulator
ALARM
CRITICAL
MOD_SELFTEST
Modulator selftest failed
NONE
CRITICAL
DEMOD_SELFTEST
Demodulator selftest
failed
NONE
INFORM
PERM_REGN_CHECKSUM
Permanent region
checksum failed
NONE
INFORM
APP1_REGN_CHECKSUM
Application #1 checksum
failed
NONE
INFORM
10
APP2_REGN_CHECKSUM
Application #2 checksum
failed
NONE
INFORM
11
BOOT_REGN_CHECKSUM
Boot loader checksum
failed
NONE
INFORM
12
CONF1_REGN_CHECKSUM
Configuration Data region
#1 checksum failed
NONE
INFORM
13
CONF2_REGN_CHECKSUM
Configuration Data region
#2 checksum failed
NONE
INFORM
14
RTC_TEST
Real-time clock error
NONE
INFORM
15
BBRAM_TEST
NV-RAM test failed
NONE
INFORM
16
BATTERY_LOW
NV-RAM battery is low
ALARM
MAJOR
17
TX_SYNTH_LOCK
Transmit Synthesizer
out-of-lock
TXALARM
CRITICAL
18
RX_SYNTH_LOCK
Receive Synthesizer
out-of-lock
RXALARM
CRITICAL
19
DIG_POWER_REF
Digital Power Reference
is out of specified range
ALARM
CRITICAL
20
TEMPERATURE
Temperature sensor
reads over 80 degrees
Celsius
ALARM
CRITICAL
21
TX_POWER_LOOP
Transmit Power Loop is
out-of-lock
TXALARM
MAJOR
22
DEMOD_SNR_LOW
Demodulator
Signal-to-Noise ratio is
unacceptably low
NONE
MINOR
23
DEMOD_AGC_RSSI
Demodulator Automatic
Gain Controlled RSSI too
low
NONE
MINOR
24
DEMOD_FEC_RECOVER
FEC circuitry has detected
and corrected one or more
errors
NONE
MINOR
25
DEMOD_FEC_UNRECOVER
FEC circuitry has detected
one or more uncorrectable
errors
NONE
MINOR
26
DEMOD_MULTIPATH
Excessive multipath
distortion detected
NONE
MINOR
27
DEMOD_ACQUISITION
Demodulator lost sync.
lock on received signal
RXALARM
CRITICAL
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
69
Table 18. Event Codes (Continued)
70
ID
EVENT NAME
DESCRIPTION
DEFAULT
LED
SNMP
TRAP
LEVEL
28
TX_TO_REMOTE_RX
Problem with link between
the local transmitter &
remote Rx
ALARM
CRITICAL
29
REDUNDANT_ALARM
Problem with redundant
unit
ALARM
CRITICAL
30
WDOG_TIME_OUT
Processor watchdog has
expired and reset the
processor
ALARM
CRITICAL
31
RX_OFF
Radio is not receiving due
to a weak signal or
equipment failure
RXALARM
CRITICAL
32
SOFTWARE_TX_OFF
Software command has
unkeyed the radio
TXALARM
CRITICAL
33
RTC_NOT_SET
The real time clock is not
programmed
NONE
MINOR
34
IO1_DIG_LOC_lOOPBACK
The radio’s 530 or TELCO
I/O port is in Digital local
loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
35
IO2_DIG_LOC_lOOPBACK
The radio’s 2nd TELCO
I/O port is in Digital local
loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
36
IO3_DIG_LOC_lOOPBACK
The radio’s 3rd TELCO
I/O port is in Digital local
loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
37
IO4_DIG_LOC_lOOPBACK
The radio’s 4th TELCO
I/O port is in Digital local
loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
38
RF_LOCAL_LOOPBACK
The radio is in Local RF
loopback test mode
NONE
INFORM
39
IO1_DIG_REM_LOOPBACK
The radio’s 530 or TELCO
I/O port is in Digital
Remote loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
40
IO2_DIG_REM_LOOPBACK
The radio’s 2nd TELCO
I/O port is in Digital
Remote loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
41
IO3_DIG_REM_LOOPBACK
The radio’s 3rd TELCO
I/O port is in Digital
Remote loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
42
IO4_DIG_REM_LOOPBACK
The radio’s 4th TELCO
I/O port is in Digital
Remote loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
43
RAW_SERVICE_CHANNEL
The Raw Service Channel
data frame is exhibiting
error
ALARM
MAJOR
44
ATOD_REFERENCE
A fault is detected with the
Analog to Digital converter
ALARM
CRITICAL
45
NEW_CONFIG_REV
A new revision of
configuration data
structure has been
detected
NONE
INFORM
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Table 18. Event Codes (Continued)
ID
EVENT NAME
DESCRIPTION
DEFAULT
LED
SNMP
TRAP
LEVEL
46
FPGA_LOAD
FPGA is not loaded
correctly
NONE
INFORM
47
DATE_TIME_CHANGE
The date or time is been
modified
NONE
INFORM
48
HARDWARE_TX_OFF
The transmitter key
hardware is in an unkeyed
state
TXALARM
CRITICAL
49
INACTIVE_ON
Current transceiver is in
standby mode when in
protected radio chassis
ALARM
MAJOR
50
NO_OPTION_UNIT
No Option Card is
detected
NONE
INFORM
51
VOCODER_INIT_ERR
The voice processor
initialization failed
ALARM
MAJOR
52
VOCODER_ERROR
The voice processor is
reporting a problem
ALARM
MAJOR
53
POWER_ON_RESET
This indicates PowerOn
Reset Cycle
NONE
INFORM
54
EXT_HARD_RESET
This indicates last
Power-Up Cycle was due
to External Hard Reset
NONE
INFORM
55
EXT_SOFT_RESET
This indicates last
Power-Up Cycle was due
to External Soft Reset
NONE
INFORM
56
INACT_CONFIG_SYNC
Protected 1+1 mode
Active to Inactive
Configuration data sync.
error
ALARM
CRITICAL
57
NEW FIRMWARE LOADED
New firmware has been
downloaded from flash
memory.
NONE
INFORM
58
CONFIG_CHANGED
The transceiver
configuration has been
modified
NONE
INFORM
59
SELFTEST_COMPLETE
A self test has completed
execution
NONE
INFORM
60
PERFORM_DEGRADED
A performance
degradation threshold has
been exceeded
ALARM
INFORM
61
DUPLICATE_UNIT_ID
Another unit with the
same unit ID has been
detected
ALARM
INFORM
62
LINK_UNAVAILABLE
The G821 status indicates
that the link is unavailable
NONE
INFORM
63
EVENT_LOG_CLEARED
The event log has been
cleared
NONE
INFORM
64
FAN1_TROUBLE
There is a problem with
the fan
ALARM
INFORM
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
71
Table 18. Event Codes (Continued)
72
ID
EVENT NAME
DESCRIPTION
65
Reserved for future use
66
USER_REBOOT
The user has rebooted the
radio
NONE
INFORM
67
MODEM_LOCAL_LOOPBACK
Modulator data path is
locally looped back to
Demodulator.
NONE
INFORM
68
MODEM_REMOTE_LOOPBA
CK
Demodulator data path is
looped back to modulator
for remote radio loopback
application
NONE
INFORM
69
OPT_MUX_LOOBACK
Option card multiplexed
data path from Line(s) is
looped back.
NONE
INFORM
70
IO1_REM_LOOPBACK_SERV
Radio is server for remote
radio loopback mode with
its payload data at Line IO
#1 looped back to the
commanding local radio.
NONE
INFORM
71
IO2_REM_LOOPBACK_SERV
Radio is server for remote
radio loopback mode with
its payload data at Line IO
#2 looped back to the
commanding local radio.
NONE
INFORM
72
IO3_REM_LOOPBACK_SERV
Radio is server for remote
radio loopback mode with
its payload data at Line IO
#3 looped back to the
commanding local radio.
NONE
INFORM
73
IO4_REM_LOOPBACK_SERV
Radio is server for remote
radio loopback mode with
its payload data at Line IO
#4 looped back to the
commanding local radio.
NONE
INFORM
74
IO1_RECVR_LOF
Line IO #1 receiver
Loss-of-framing alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
75
IO1_RECVR_LOS
Line IO #1 receiver
Loss-of-signal alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
76
IO1_RECVR_ALOS
Line IO #1 receiver
Loss-of-analog-signal
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
77
IO1_RECVR_AIS
Line IO #1 receiver
detected AIS alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
78
IO1_RECVR_RAI
Line IO #1 receiver
detected RAI (yellow)
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
79
IO1_RECVR_MRAI
Line IO #1 receiver
detected multi-framed RAI
(yellow) alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
80
IO1_RECVR_SEF
Line IO #1 receiver
detected Severely Errored
Frames.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
—
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
DEFAULT
LED
—
SNMP
TRAP
LEVEL
—
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Table 18. Event Codes (Continued)
ID
EVENT NAME
DESCRIPTION
DEFAULT
LED
SNMP
TRAP
LEVEL
81
IO1_RECVR_COFA
Line IO #1 receiver
detected
Change-of-FrameAlignment alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
82
IO1_RECVR_MAIS
Line IO #1 receiver
detected multi-framed AIS
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
83
IO1_RECVR_FEBE
Line IO #1 receiver
detected E1
Far-End-Block-Errors
alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
84
IO1_RECVR_LCV
Line IO #1 receiver
detected Line-CodeViolation alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
85
IO1_RECVR_CRC
Line IO #1 receiver
detected CRC alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
86
IO1_RECVR_FBIT
Line IO #1 receiver
detected Frame Bit Error.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
87
IO2_RECVR_LOF
Line IO #2 receiver
Loss-of-framing alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
88
IO2_RECVR_LOS
Line IO #2 receiver
Loss-of-signal alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
89
IO2_RECVR_ALOS
Line IO #2 receiver
Loss-of-analog-signal
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
90
I02_RECVR_AIS
Line IO #2 receiver
detected AIS alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
91
IO2_RECVR_RAI
Line IO #2 receiver
detected RAI (yellow)
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
92
IO2_RECVR_MRAI
Line IO #2 receiver
detected multi-framed RAI
(yellow) alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
93
IO2_RECVR_SEF
Line IO #2 receiver
detected Severely Errored
Frames.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
94
IO2RECVR_COFA
Line IO #2 receiver
detected
Change-of-FrameAlignment alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
95
IO2_RECVR_MAIS
Line IO #2 receiver
detected multi-framed AIS
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
96
IO2_RECVR_FEBE
Line IO #2 receiver
detected E1
Far-End-Block-Errors
alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
73
Table 18. Event Codes (Continued)
74
ID
EVENT NAME
DESCRIPTION
DEFAULT
LED
SNMP
TRAP
LEVEL
97
IO2_RECVR_LCV
Line IO #2 receiver
detected
Line-Code-Violation
alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
98
IO2_RECVR_CRC
Line IO #2 receiver
detected CRC alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
99
IO2_RECVR_FBIT
Line IO #2 receiver
detected Frame Bit Error.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
100
IO3_RECVR_LOF
Line IO #3 receiver
Loss-of-framing alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
101
IO3_RECVR_LOS
Line IO #3 receiver
Loss-of-signal alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
102
IO3_RECVR_ALOS
Line IO #3 receiver
Loss-of-analog-signal
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
103
IO3_RECVR_AIS
Line IO #3 receiver
detected AIS alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
104
IO3_RECVR_RAI
Line IO #3 receiver
detected RAI (yellow)
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
105
IO3_RECVR_MRAI
Line IO #3 receiver
detected multi-framed RAI
(yellow) alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
106
IO3_RECVR_SEF
Line IO #3 receiver
detected Severely Errored
Frames.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
107
IO3_RECVR_COFA
Line IO #3 receiver
detected
Change-of-FrameAlignment alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
108
IO3_RECVR_MAIS
Line IO #3 receiver
detected multi-framed AIS
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
109
IO3_RECVR_FEBE
Line IO #3 receiver
detected E1
Far-End-Block-Errors
alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
110
IO3_RECVR_LCV
Line IO #3 receiver
detected Line-CodeViolation alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
111
IO3_RECVR_CRC
Line IO #3 receiver
detected CRC alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
112
IO3_RECVR_FBIT
Line IO #3 receiver
detected Frame Bit Error.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
113
IO4_RECVR_LOF
Line IO #4 receiver
Loss-of-framing alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
114
IO4_RE CVR_LOS
Line IO #4 receiver
Loss-of-signal alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Table 18. Event Codes (Continued)
ID
EVENT NAME
DESCRIPTION
DEFAULT
LED
SNMP
TRAP
LEVEL
115
IO4_RECVR_ALOS
Line IO #4 receiver
Loss-of-analog-signal
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
116
IO4_RECVR_AIS
Line IO #4 receiver
detected AIS alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
117
IO4_RECVR_RAI
Line IO #4 receiver
detected RAI (yellow)
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
118
IO4_RECVR_MRAI
Line IO #4 receiver
detected multi-framed RAI
(yellow) alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
119
IO4_RECVR_SEF
Line IO #4 receiver
detected Severely Errored
Frames.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
120
IO4_RECVR_COFA
Line IO #4 receiver
detected
Change-of-FrameAlignment alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
121
IO4_RECVR_MAIS
Line IO #4 receiver
detected multi-framed AIS
alarm.
I/O ALARM
CRITICAL
122
IO4_RECVR_FEBE
Line IO #4 receiver
detected E1
Far-End-Block-Errors
alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
123
IO4_RECVR_LCV
Line IO #4 receiver
detected
Line-Code-Violation
alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
124
IO4_RECVR_CRC
Line IO #4 receiver
detected CRC alarm.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
125
IO4_RECVR_FBIT
Line IO #4 receiver
detected Frame Bit Error.
I/O ALARM
INFORM
126
DIG_REM_LOOPBACK
For EIA-530, local radio is
in remote loopback mode
NONE
INFORM
127
SERV_REM_LOOPBACK
For EIA-530, local radio
(as remote server) is
serving remote loopback
mode.
NONE
INFORM
128
BAD_CLKMODE
Line framers detected bad
clock mode configuration.
NONE
INFORM
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
75
5.0 FIELD REPROGRAMMING
The LEDR radio’s firmware can be upgraded with new software
releases that may be issued from time to time by Adaptive Broadband/MDS. Reprogramming can be done serially through the front
panel console port
or over a network connection via TFTP. The
TFTP method provides a way of downloading to the radio without being
physically at the radio’s location.
To support firmware upgrades while the radio is in use, the LEDR radio
contains two complete copies of its firmware. Once the download is
complete, the radio can be rebooted using the new code. However, if an
error occurs during the download, the radio can easily recover because
it always has a complete copy of firmware available.
The steps below explain how to program new firmware into the radio
using both the console port and TFTP methods.
5.1 Reprogramming via the Console Port
Set Up
Connect a PC to the radio’s front panel console port
using a 9-pin
RS-232 cable. (See Figure 23 on page 85 for cable wiring details.)
Download Procedure
1. Start the FlashUtil Windows application available from Adaptive
Broadband/MDS. From the View|Options menu, select the
appropriate com port and baud rate.
2. Ensure that autobaud is enabled (see lower right corner of the
FlashUtil window). From the View menu, select console. This will
bring up a console window to the LEDR radio. At the ADAP>
prompt, enter a login name and password and then close the console.
3. Using the File|Open dialog, select the directory where the new firmware is located. In the file window, highlight the correct (.mpk) file
and then press the green start arrow.
Verification and Reboot
To verify the new code, open the console again by pressing Alt + L.
Enter boot to determine which image is currently active. This command
will respond as follows:
boot: Image 1 is Active
76
or: boot: Image 2 is Active
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
The new firmware is downloaded into the inactive image. Therefore, if
the radio responded Image 1 is Active, enter iverify 2, otherwise, enter
iverify 1. The radio will respond indicating whether or not the image has
been verified. If the image does not verify, try downloading the code
again. If the download fails after repeated attempts, the hardware may
be damaged. For a replacement board please contact the factory using
the information given at the back of this manual.
NOTE: The following paragraph describes rebooting the radio. This
action will disrupt the communications link.
Once the image has been verified, the radio must be rebooted using the
new firmware. This is done by entering the command boot 1 or boot 2,
where the 1 or 2 corresponds with the image number used with the iverify
command above.
Once the radio has rebooted and displays the ADAP> prompt again, the
firmware can be downloaded or copied into the other image. Often,
copying the firmware from one image to the other can be faster than performing a second download. To copy the firmware over to the other
image, simply enter icopy. The radio will prompt you for confirmation
(y/n) and then begin copying.
5.2 Reprogramming via a Network Connection
Set Up
Connect the LEDR radio’s ETHERNET NMS connector to a PC via a network connection This can be done in one of three ways: 1) by connecting both the radio and the PC to a network hub, 2) by connecting
them directly through an ethernet cross-over cable, or 3) by connecting
them to a common LAN.
If the radio is near the PC, an RS-232 cable can be connected between
them in order to run the console commands. However, if the radio is
some distance away, such as at a remote site, telnet or rlogin can be used
to execute the necessary commands.
Download Procedure
1. Log in to the radio using the login command. Use the ip command to
ensure that the radio has a valid IP address.
2. "Ping" the radio from the PC to ensure that the PC and the radio
have valid routes to pass information between them.
3. Start a TFTP server application on the PC. At the radio’s ADAP>
prompt, start the download by entering reprogram network [filename]
[PC’s IP Address]. The download can be monitored from the radio by
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
77
entering reprogram status. When the download is complete the radio
will emit two short beeps and the response from reprogram status will
indicate that the download has finished.
SNMP Option
The TFTP download process can also be initiated using an SNMP manager. The Firmware|FwProgTable object provides a means for specifying
the TFTP server IP address and the filename for the firmware.
Verification and Reboot
When the download is complete, verify the code and reboot the radio as
described under Verification and Reboot in Paragraph 5.1 above.
6.0 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNITS
The Field Replaceable Units and their part numbers are listed below.
Field servicing or replacement of PC boards and assemblies should be
performed by qualified service personnel.
When ordering parts from the factory, always give the complete model
number of the radio. Refer to the inside rear cover of this guide for contact information.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Transceiver Main PCB, 400S (P/N 03-3820Axx)
Transceiver Main PCB, 900S (P/N 03-3810Axx)
Transceiver Main PCB, 1400S (P/N 03-3830Axx)
“FT1” Option Board—Non-protected (P/N 03-3846A01)
“FT1” Option Board—Protected (P/N 03-3539A01)
Battery for Transceiver’s Backed-up SRAM (P/N 27-3109A01)
Transceiver Front Panel Assembly (P/N 03-3815A01)
Transceiver/Protected Sw. Chassis, Base (P/N 03-3810A01)
Transceiver/Protected Sw. Chassis, Cover (P/N 03-3801A02)
Duplexer (if equipped)—frequency dependent, contact factory
Protected Switch Interface Board (P/N 03-3831Axx)
Protected Switch Ethernet Hub Assy. (P/N 08-3809A01)
Protected Switch Front Panel Assembly (P/N 03-3855A01)
6.1 Field Installation of FT1 Option Board
Non-protected: 03-3846A01
Protected: 03-3539A01
An “S” Series LEDR radio can be fitted with a Fractional T1 (FT1)
interface board (Figure 20). The addition of an FT1 board enables the
radio to operate with a G.703 interface at speeds up to 768 kbps.
To add the FT1 option board to an existing LEDR II radio, follow these
steps:
1. Remove the top cover of the radio (4 phillips screws).
78
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
2. Locate the installation area for the FT1 option board (see Figure 21).
Remove the three phillips screws on the main PC board which correspond to the mounting holes on the FT1 option board.
3. Install the threaded standoff spacers (furnished with the option
board) onto the main PC board in the holes formerly occupied by the
screws. (Note: Washers must not be used between the standoff spacers and either of the PC boards.)
4. Locate connectors J912 and J913 (see Figure 21). These connectors
mate with the plugs on the bottom of the FT1 option board.
5. Carefully set the option board into place, making sure to align the
mounting holes with the threaded standoffs on the main PCB. (The
FT1 rear panel connector should align with the rectangular cutout at
the radio’s rear panel, and the rear edge of the option board should
be parallel to the main PC board.)
6. Look under the right edge of the FT1 board to ensure that J912 is
aligned with the mating connector on the option board. With the
board properly aligned, push down firmly in the area directly above
J913 and then over J912 at the edge. A distinct “snapping” action
will be felt as the connectors engage.
7. Install the phillips mounting screws with lockwashers on the top of
the FT1 board.
For protected versions only: Install the plastic clip, if supplied, at the
right rear corner of the FT1 option board. It slips over the edge of
the main PC board and the option board. Gently tighten the hex
screw to secure the clamp.)
8. Re-install the radio’s top cover. This completes the FT1 board installation.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
79
Invisible place holder
Mates with J913 on
Radio PC Board
User Interface
Ports
Mates with J912 on
Radio PC Board
Figure 20. FT1 Option Board—Component Side
(03-3846A01 shown, 03-3539A01 similar)
80
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Invisible place holder
REAR PANEL OF LEDR RADIO
PC Board Clamp
(Some Versions)
Installation Area
for FT1 Option Board
J913
J912
Figure 21. View of Radio PC Board
Showing Installation Details for FT1 Option Board
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
81
7.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE
7.1 Specifications
General
Frequency Ranges:
330–512 MHz (LEDR 400S)
800 to 960 MHz (LEDR 900S)
1350–1535 MHz (LEDR 1400S)
Frequency Selection:
Programmable within each frequency range
RF Occupied Bandwidth:
Standard “S” Series radios: 25, 50, 100 and 200
kHz
User Data Rates:
Standard “S” Series radios: 64, 128, 256, 384, 512,
768 kbps
With FT1 Option Board: n x 64 kbps
(Where n= 1,2,4,6,12)
Permitted Data Throughput:
Standard “S” Series radios:
Channel Size
25 kHz
50 kHz
100 kHz
200 kHz
Data Rate
64 kbps
64 kbps to 128 kbps
64 kbps to 256 kbps
64 kbps to 768 kbps
Modulation Type:
32 QAM, 16 QAM, QPSK
Forward Error Correction (FEC):
Reed Solomon
Acquisition Time (typical):
From power up, 10 seconds
Voltage Range:
24 Vdc or 48 Vdc (±20%)
Power Consumption:
Less than 60 watts (non-protected configuration)
Less than 135 watts (protected configuration)
Temperature Range:
-5° to 50° C
Humidity:
≤90% non-condensing @ 40° C
Size:
1RU, 19 Inch rack mount compatible
45 mm (1.75 in) high, 1RU
426 mm (16.75 in) wide (excluding rack brackets)
305 mm (12 in) deep
Transmitter
Transmit Power:
+30 dBm (1 watt) at antenna port
Output Control Range:
0 dB to -10 dB
Frequency Stability:
1.5 ppm
Spurious Outputs:
<-60 dBc (LEDR 400S)
<-60 dBm (LEDR 1400S)
<-60 dBc (LEDR 900S)
82
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Receiver
Sensitivity (for 10-6 BER):
Standard “S” Series radios:
Bandwidth
Data Rate
25 kHz
64 kbps
50 kHz
128 kbps
100 kHz
256 kbps
200 kHz
768 kbps
Residual BER::
<1 x 10-10
Dynamic Range:
>65 dB
Sensitivity
-101 dBm
-98 dBm
-95 dBm
-92 dBm
Protected Switch Chassis
Transmitter Coupling Losses
(Typical):
Receive Coupling Losses
(Typical):
2 dB
4 dB (Symmetrical Splitter)
2 dB/10 dB (Asymmetrical Splitter)
Interfaces
Data:
EIA-530
With FT1 Option: G.703
Orderwire:
600Ω balanced, DTMF capable
Data Service Channel:
RS-232, 9600 bps
Ethernet:
10 Base-T
Console Port:
RS-232, 9600 bps to 38.4 kbps
Alarms:
4 programmable outputs, 4 inputs
Antenna:
50Ω Impedance
Network Management
Element Management:
Via built-in menu or command line interface
Optional SNMP Management:
Using MIB II and custom enterprise MIB
Diagnostic Functions
Local LED Indicators
(front panel):
Power, Active, General Alarm, Rx Alarm, Tx Alarm,
I/O Alarm
LCD Display Measurements:
RSSI, RF Power, Signal-to-Noise ratio, BER
Loopback:
Local and Remote
Agency Approvals (LEDR 400S)
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Transmission:
FCC Part 90
Environmental:
ETS 300 019, Class 3.2
Industry Canada:
RS-119
Safety:
UL, CSA
EMC:
ETS 300 385, FCC Part 15
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
83
:Agency Approvals (LEDR 900S)
Transmission:
FCC Part 101
Environmental:
ETS 300 019, Class 3.2
Industry Canada:
932 to 944 MHz in Canada
Safety:
UL, CSA
EMC:
ETS 300 385, FCC Part 15
Agency Approvals (LEDR 1400S)
Transmission:
ETS 300 630, MPT 1717
Environmental:
ETS 300 019, Class 3.2
EMC:
ETS 300 385
Safety:
CE Mark
Options (Consult factory for details)
Space Diversity, Hot-standby Protected, Warm-standby Protected, Bandwidth Upgrade
Kits
Accessories
110/240 Vac 50/60 Hz Power Supply, Orderwire Handset
NOTE: The factory reserves the right to make changes to this specification without advance notice or obligation to any person.
7.2 Pinout Information
Orderwire
Invisible placep holder
RJ-45
Pin
123456
+ 12 Vdc
Ground
RJ-11
Signal
Direction
Output
—
Ear –
Output
Ear +
Output
Mouth
Input
Ground
—
Figure 22. Orderwire Connector
84
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Console
Invisible place holder
TXD (DATA IN)
RXD (DATA OUT)
NC
4 3 2
GROUND
NC
NC
NC
NC
DCE
NC
Figure 23. Console Port DB-9 Female Pinout
Ethernet
Invisible place holder
Invisible
place
holder
RJ-45
Pin
12345678
10Base-T
Signal
Direction
Ethernet Transmit High
Output
Ethernet Transmit Low
Output
Ethernet Receive High
Input
No Connection
No Connection
Ethernet Receive Low
No Connection
—
No Connection
—
—
—
Input
Figure 24. Ethernet Connector
EIA-530-A Data
Invisible place holder
EIA-530 Interface
Source
DCE
DTE
Return
DTE
Return
DTE
DCE
Return
DCE
Return
Signal Pin
Designation No.
Test Mode 25
Ext. Transmit Signal Element Timing (A) 24
Common 23
22
Remote Loopback 21
20
Request to Send (B) 19
Local Loopback 18
Receiver Signal Element Timing (A) 17
Receiver Data (B) 16
Transmit Signal Element Timing (A) 15
Transmitted Data (B) 14
Pin
No.
13
12
11
10
Signal
Designation
Clear to Send (B)
Transmit Signal Element Timing (B)
Ext. Transmit Signal Element Timing (B)
Received Line Signal Detector (B)
Receiver Signal Element Timing (B)
Received Line Signal Detector (A)
Signal Ground
DCE Ready (A)
Clear to Send (A)
Request to Send (A)
Received Data (A)
Transmitted Data (A)
Shield
Source
Return
Return
Return
Return
Return
DCE
Common
DCE
DCE
DTE
DCE
DTE
Common
Figure 25. EIA 530 DB-25 Connector and Similar Data Pinout
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
85
G.703 Data Connectors (4 on rear panel)
Invisible place holder
Pin
Signal
Direction
RJ-45
Differential digital
output signal, ring
Output
12345678
Differential digital
output signal, tip
Output
No Connection
Differential digital
output signal, ring
Input
Differential digital
output signal, tip
Input
No Connection
—
No Connection
—
No Connection
—
—
Figure 26. G.703 Data Connector Pinout
Service Channel
Invisible place holder
TXD (DATA OUT)
RXD (DATA IN)
DTR (OUT)
4 3 2
GROUND
NC
DCD (IN)
DSR (IN)
CTS (IN)
DTE
RTS (OUT)
Figure 27. Service Channel Connector DB-9 Male Pinout
Alarm
Invisible place holder
ALARM IN 3
ALARM IN 2
ALARM IN 4
GROUND
ALARM OUT 4
4 3 2
ALARM IN 1
ALARM OUT 1
ALARM OUT 3
ALARM OUT 2
Figure 28. Alarm Connector DB-9 Female Pinout
86
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
7.3 RF Propagation Planning
Establishing a reliable point-to-point radio link requires system planning and design. It is helpful to have an understanding of the physical
parameters affecting propagation. The following material discusses
these factors, and will assist you in designing a dependable transmission
path for your radio link.
NOTE: This section is intended for use as a guideline when planning
transmission paths. It does not consider all of the local conditions that may be present, nor does it guarantee that adequate
signal strength will be obtained in a given system. There is no
substitute for an on-the-air test to verify the predicted path
results, and to check the overall operation of the radio system.
To ensure a highly reliable path, a line of sight between both ends of the
link is desirable. For short paths (up to 5 kilometers/3.1 miles), some
obstructions may be acceptable, but the performance of a blocked path
is always less predictable than a clear path.
Fresnel Zone Clearance
As the distance spanned by a link gets longer, it is necessary to have
more than just a grazing path between the two ends; the path must clear
the ground or other obstacles by some percentage of a Fresnel zone.
The Fresnel zone corresponds to the width or girth of the radio signal.
There are first, second, and third Fresnel zones, but the first zone is the
only one that has substantial effects on signal strength.
The first Fresnel zone can be visualized as an oval-shaped volume
between two station antennas (Figure 29). As the width of the radio
wave front gets blocked by obstructions, less of the signal can get to the
receiver antenna.
In addition to blocking the signal, obstructions in the first Fresnel zone
may also cause multipath interference due to reflective and refractive
signal paths. The reflected or refracted signal may arrive at the receiver
out of phase with the desired signal and cause a cancelling effect.
Invisible place holder
LINE-OF-SIGHT (LOS)
FRESNEL ZONE
STATION A
STATION B
Distance D 1
Distance D 2
OBSTRUCTION
NOT
OBSTRUCTING
Figure 29. Fresnel Zone Obstructions
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
87
Experience has shown that 60 percent of the first Fresnel zone must be
clear of obstructions (0.6 x F) to allow a clear, unobstructed microwave
path.
Remember, the first Fresnel zone calculation is only one parameter
determining path quality.
Earth Curvature
As the distance of a communication link increases, the clearance
problem is compounded by the earth’s curvature. Radio waves traveling
through typical atmospheric conditions bend slightly, which is represented by treating the earth as though it were slightly flatter than it actually is. Experience has shown that if we consider the earth’s radius to be
4/3rds of its actual size, we get good agreement between theory and
measured propagation results.
Figure 30 shows a representation of the 4/3 earth “radio horizon.” This
figure shows that under normal radio propagation conditions, a station
with its antenna 15 meters above flat terrain will have a radio horizon
approximately 15 kilometers away, well beyond the visual horizon.
Invisible place holder
76
(250)
61
(200)
Antenna
Height in
Meters
(Feet)
46
(150)
30
(100)
15
(50)
(0)
(0)
(2)
(4)
10
(6)
13
(8)
16
19
23
26
32
29
35
39
42 45
48 52
55 58
(10) (12) (14) (16) (18) (20) (22) (24) (26) (28) (30) (32) (34) (36)
Radio Horizon Over Level Terrain in Kilometers (Miles)
Normal Conditions
Figure 30. Antenna Height vs. Theoretical Radio Horizon
Fade Margins
Variations in the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere with elevation cause the signals to bend more or less, resulting in fading at the
receiver. The longer the path is, the more likely that deep fades will
occur; hence, the greater the fade margin required.
Different parts of the world have differing propagation which can be categorized as favorable, average, or adverse. In general, mountainous
areas have favorable propagation conditions, while tropical areas and
those near large bodies of water have adverse conditions.
88
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
Based upon the desired level of link availability, path length, and terrain
type, it is possible to calculate the recommended fade margin.
The following standard formulas are provided for assistance in determining system installation parameters.
Free Space Path Loss
α fs = 92.4 + 20 log 10 f + 20 log 10 d
Where:
αfs = free space loss in dB
d = path distance in kilometers
ƒ = frequency in GHz
Parabolic Antenna Gain
G = ( 20 ) log 10 ( 7.4Df )
Where:
G = antenna gain in dBi
D = dish diameter in meters
ƒ = frequency in GHz
This formula assumes a typical 50 percent antenna illumination efficiency and is representative of a full parabolic antenna.
Fresnel Zone Boundary
F n = 17.3 ( nd 1 ⋅ d 2 ) ⁄ ( fD )
Where:
Fn = Fresnel zone boundary in meters
d1 = distance from one end of the path to the Fresnel zone
boundary in kilometers)
d2 = distance from the other end of the path to the Fresnel zone
boundary (in kilometers)
D = total path distance (d1+d2) in kilometers
ƒ = frequency in GHz
n = Fresnel zone, 1 (for 1st) is used here
Parabolic Antenna Beamwidth
φ = 21.3 ⁄ ( fD )
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
89
Where:
φ = beamwidth in degrees (between –3 dB points)
ƒ = frequency in GHz
D = dish diameter in meters
This formula is representative of a full parabolic antenna.
Theoretical Signal Strength
RSSI = EIRP – α fs + G ra – L rfl
Where:
RSSI = signal strength at the receiver in dBm
EIRP = RF Power Output in dBm + Gta –Ltfl
αfs = free-space path loss in dB
Gra = receive antenna gain in dBi
Lrfl = receive feedline loss in dB
Ltfl = transmit feedline loss in dB
Gta = transmit antenna gain in dBi
Probability of System Fading
FProb = a × b × 6.0 × 10
–7
× f × d × 10
( – F ) ⁄ 10
Where:
FProb = probability of fading more than F
a = terrain factor
• 4 is used for very smooth terrain such as over water
• 1 is used for average terrain, with moderate roughness
• 0.25 is used for mountainous, or very rough terrain
b = climate factor
• 0.5 is used for a hot, humid climate
• 0.25 is used for temperate or northern areas
• 0.125 is used for a very dry climate
ƒ = frequency in GHz
d = path length in km
F = fade margin, in dB
7.4 Bench Testing of Radios
In some cases, it may be necessary to test the operation of the equipment
in a bench setting. Figure 31 shows a simple arrangement for bench
testing using RF attenuators between the two units under test.
90
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
For weak signal tests (weaker than –80 dBm), additional physical separation between radio #1 and radio #2 may be required to prevent unintentional coupling between the radios.
On protected radio configurations, a weak received signal will cause the
transceivers to switch.
Invisible place holder
ANT
Connector
ANT
Connector
LOW LOSS COAXIAL LINES
RADIO
#1
DATA PORT
DIGITAL
EQUIPMENT
OR BER
TESTER
RADIO
#2
POWER ATTENUATOR
• 30 dB
• 1W Rating
POWER ATTENUATOR
• 30 dB
• 1W Rating
SWITCHED OR VARIABLE
ATTENUATOR
• 0–110 dB (1 dB Steps)
JFW 50DR-001 or Equivalent
• Required only for receiver sensitivity test.
DATA PORT
DIGITAL
EQUIPMENT
OR BER
TESTER
TOTAL ATTENUATION
Fixed: 80 dB Minimum for Basic Checks
Adjustable: For Sensitivity Tests (100–140 dB Required)
Figure 31. Back-to-Back Link Test
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
91
7.5 Watts dBm Volts conversion
Table 19 is provided as a convenience for determining the equivalent
voltage or wattage of an RF power expressed in dBm.
Invisible place holder
Table 19. dBm-Volts-Watts Conversion Chart
92
dBm V
Po
dBm V
Po
dBm mV
+53
+50
+49
+48
+47
+46
+45
+44
+43
+42
+41
+40
+39
+38
+37
+36
+35
+34
+33
+32
+31
+30
+29
+28
+27
+26
+25
+24
+23
+22
+21
+20
+19
+18
+17
+16
+15
+14
+13
+12
+11
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
200W
100W
80W
64W
50W
40W
32W
25W
20W
16W
12.5W
10W
8W
6.4W
5W
4W
3.2W
2.5W
2W
1.6W
1.25W
1.0W
800mW
640mW
500mW
400mW
320mW
250mW
200mW
160mW
125mW
100mW
80mW
64mW
50mW
40mW
32mW
25mW
20mW
16mW
12.5mW
10mW
8mW
6.4mW
5mW
4mW
3.2mW
2.5mW
2.0mW
1.6mW
1.25mW
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
1.0mW
.80mW
.64mW
.50mW
.40mW
.32mW
.25mW
.20mW
.16mW
.125mW
.10mW
-49
-50
-51
-52
-53
-54
-55
-56
-57
-58
-59
-60
-61
-62
-63
-64
100.0
70.7
64.0
58.0
50.0
44.5
40.0
32.5
32.0
28.0
26.2
22.5
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.1
12.5
11.5
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.10
6.40
5.80
5.00
4.45
4.00
3.55
3.20
2.80
2.52
2.25
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.41
1.25
1.15
1.00
.90
.80
.71
.64
.58
.500
.445
.400
.355
.320
.280
.252
.225
.200
.180
.160
.141
.125
.115
.100
.090
.080
.071
.064
.058
.050
.045
.040
.0355
dBm µV
dBm mV
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23
-24
-25
-26
-27
-28
-29
-30
-31
-32
-33
-34
-35
-36
-37
-38
-39
-40
-41
-42
-43
-44
-45
-46
-47
-48
31.5
28.5
25.1
22.5
20.0
17.9
15.9
14.1
12.8
11.5
10.0
8.9
8.0
7.1
6.25
5.8
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.2
2.85
2.5
2.25
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.25
1.18
1.00
0.90
Po
.01mW
.001mW
.1µW
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
-65
-66
-67
-68
-69
-70
-71
-72
-73
-74
-75
-76
-77
-78
-79
-80
-81
-82
-83
-84
-85
-86
-87
-88
-89
-90
-91
-92
-93
-94
-95
-96
-97
Po
0.80
0.71 .01µW
0.64
0.57
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.351
0.32
0.286
0.251
0.225 .001µW
0.200
0.180
0.160
0.141
128
115
100
90
80
71
65
58
50
45
40
35
32
29
25
22.5
20.0
18.0
16.0
11.1
12.9
11.5
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.1
6.1
5.75
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.51
3.2
Po
.1nW
.01nW
.001nW
dBm µV
-98
-99
-100
-101
-102
-103
-104
-105
-106
2.9
2.51
2.25
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.41
1.27
1.18
dBm nV
-107
-108
-109
-110
-111
-112
-113
-114
-115
-116
-117
-118
-119
-120
-121
-122
-123
-124
-125
-126
-127
-128
-129
-130
-131
-132
-133
-134
-135
-136
-137
-138
-139
-140
1000
900
800
710
640
580
500
450
400
355
325
285
251
225
200
180
160
141
128
117
100
90
80
71
61
58
50
45
40
35
33
29
25
23
Po
.1pW
Po
.01pW
.001pW
.1ƒW
.01ƒW
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
GLOSSARY
AMI—Alternate Mark Inversion. A bipolar
format where consecutive marks (ones) have
the polarity inverted. Spaces (ones) are represented by zero volts. This technique prevents
long sequences of positive or negative voltages.
DCE— Data (circuit terminating) Communications Equipment. In data communications
terminology, this is the “modem” side of a
computer-to-modem connection. The transceiver is a DCE device which is designed to
connect to a DTE device.
Analog—Signals with a continuously varying
amplitude, such as the human voice.
Decibel (dB)—A measure of the ratio between
two signal levels. Frequently used to express
the gain or loss of a system.
BERT—Bit-error rate test. The results of a
BERT are normally expressed as a ratio (power
of 10) of the number of bits received in error
compared to the total number received.
BER—Bit-error rate. See also BERT.
Bit—Binary digit. The smallest unit of digital
data, often represented by a one or a zero. Eight
bits usually comprise a byte.
bps—Bits-per-second. A measure of the information transfer rate of digital data across a
communication channel.
Byte—A digital “word” usually made up of
eight bits.
dBi—Decibels of gain relative to an isotropic
radiator. (A hypothetical antenna which radiates equally in all directions.) Used to express
antenna gain.
dBm—Decibels relative to one milliwatt. An
absolute unit used to measure signal power, as
in transmitter power output, or received signal
strength.
DTR—Data Terminal Ready. A control signal
sent from the radio indicating that it is ready to
transmit data.
DSP—Digital Signal Processing. A processing
technique that uses software algorithms to
filter, shape, or otherwise modify the characteristics of a given signal. In the LEDR radio, DSP
is used primarily in modulation and demodulation functions.
E1—An international telephony standard that
operates at 2.048 megabits-per-second (Mbps).
This transmission speed is commonly used
throughout the world except for North America
(which uses T1 1.544 Mbps). Framed E1 consists of 30 digitized telephone channels and two
64 Kbps control channels.
EIRP—Effective Isotropic Radiated Power.
Commonly used to express the power radiated
from a gain antenna. It is equal to the power
transmitted (minus feedline loss) plus the
antenna gain.
ESF—Extended Super Frame.
Fade Margin—The maximum tolerable reduction in received signal strength which still provides an acceptable signal quality. This
compensates for reduced signal strength due to
multipath, slight antenna movement or
changing atmospheric losses. Expressed in
decibels.
CPE—Customer premise (provided) equipment.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
93
FEC—Forward Error Correction. Extra data is
added to the transmitted signal to allow for
detection and correction of some transmission
errors.
Frame—A segment of data that adheres to a
specific data protocol and contains definite
start and end points. It provides a method of
synchronizing transmissions.
Fresnel Zone—A point of maximum width or
girth of the transmitted radio signal. Obstructions in this region (the “first Fresnel zone”)
can have a detrimental effect on reception
quality. As a general rule, 60 percent of the first
Fresnel zone should be free of obstructions in a
well designed system. (Additional considerations are also required when planning a microwave path.
G.703—The ITU standard defining the characteristics of digital interfaces (pulse shape,
voltage levels, etc.). This applies to high-speed,
three-level data being sent over coaxial or
twisted pair lines.
G.821—The ITU standard by which data transmission quality is measured. The analysis considers available vs. unavailable time.
Half-Power Beamwidth—The customary
way of measuring the width of a directional
antenna’s radiation pattern. This beamwidth is
measured in degrees between the half-power
points (the point at which the power is reduced
3 dB with respect to the main beam).
Linecode—Refers to the data coding format
used by the radio for the line interface. (It does
not pertain to the radio’s modulation coding.)
The available linecode selections are HDB3
and AMI.
Mbps—Megabits-per-second.
MIB—Management Information Base. The
MIB stores SNMP messages that are directed to
the management console. This can include
Server events, statistical data and system queries.
Multipath Fading—Signals arriving at the
receiver out of phase which have a tendency to
cancel each other. It is caused by reflections of
the transmitted wave and results in distortion at
the receiver or weak received signal strength.
Multiplexer—A signal processing unit that
combines multiple streams of data into one for
transmission across a single data channel.
NMS—Network Management System. A software application used to configure, diagnose
and monitor a communication network. The
LEDR radio’s SNMP program is an example of
an NMS.
Protected Radio—A radio configuration
where there are redundant modules that automatically become active in the event of a
failure.
QAM—Quadrature Amplitude Modulation.
Uses phase shifts and amplitude changes to
send high-speed data in a comparatively
narrow RF channel. See also QPSK.
HDB3—High density bipolar order of 3. A line
interface standard for E1 transmission that
employs coding to eliminate data streams with
four or more consecutive zeros.
QPSK—Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. Uses
four levels of phase shift to send high-speed
data with a higher system gain than QAM modulation. See also QAM.
IP—Internet Protocol.
RSSI—Received signal strength indication.
Expressed in dBm.
ITU—International Telecommunications
Union.
kbps—Kilobits-per-second.
94
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol. A common network management system
(NMS) protocol used to monitor and control a
communications network
SNR—Signal-to-noise ratio. Expressed in
decibels (dB).
SWR—Standing Wave Ratio. A parameter
related to the ratio between forward transmitter
power and the reflected power from the antenna
system. As a general guideline, reflected power
should not exceed 10% of the forward power
(≈2:1 SWR).
T1—A telephony standard that operates at
1.544 megabits-per-second (Mbps). This transmission speed is commonly used in North
America.
TFTP—Trivial File Transfer Protocol. A standard network protocol used to send and receive
files between two devices.
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
95
96
LEDR “S” Series I/O Guide
MDS 05-3627A01, Rev. A
IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY...
Adaptive Broadband Corporation/MDS products are designed for long life and trouble-free operation. However, this equipment, as with all electronic equipment, may have an occasional component failure. The following information will assist you in the event that servicing becomes
necessary.
FACTORY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Technical assistance for Adaptive Broadband/MDS products is available from our Customer
Support Team during business hours (8:00 A.M.–5:30 P.M. Eastern Time). When calling, please
give the complete model number of the radio, along with a description of the trouble symptom(s)
that you are experiencing. In many cases, problems can be resolved over the telephone, without
the need for returning the unit to the factory.
Please use the following telephone numbers for product assistance:
716-242-9600 (Phone)
716-242-9620 (FAX)
FACTORY REPAIRS
Component level repair of radio equipment is not recommended in the field. Many components
are installed using surface mount technology, which requires specialized training and equipment
for proper servicing. For this reason, the equipment should be returned to the factory for any PC
board repairs. The factory is best equipped to diagnose, repair and align your radio to its proper
operating specifications.
If return of the equipment is necessary, you will be issued a Returned Material Authorization
(RMA) number. The RMA number will help expedite the repair so that the equipment can be
repaired and returned to you as quickly as possible. Please be sure to include the RMA number
on the outside of the shipping box, and on any correspondence relating to the repair. No equipment
will be accepted for repair without an RMA number.
A statement should accompany the radio describing, in detail, the trouble symptom(s), and a
description of any associated equipment normally connected to the radio. It is also important to
include the name and telephone number of a person in your organization who can be contacted if
additional information is required.
The radio must be properly packed for return to the factory. The original shipping container and
packaging materials should be used whenever possible. All factory returns should be addressed to:
Adaptive Broadband Corp.
MDS Products Group
Customer Service Department
(RMA No. XXXX)
175 Science Parkway
Rochester, NY 14620 USA
When repairs have been completed, the equipment will be returned to you by the same shipping
method used to send it to the factory. Please specify if you wish to make different shipping
arrangements.
MDS Products Group
175 Science Parkway, Rochester, New York 14620
General Business: +1 (716) 242-9600
FAX: +1 (716) 242-9620
www.microwavedata.com

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Create Date                     : 2000:04:11 17:21:18
Producer                        : Acrobat Distiller 4.0 for Macintosh
Author                          : MDS Employee
Title                           : 3627A-LEDR "S" body.book
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Modify Date                     : 2000:08:03 13:45:54-04:00
Page Count                      : 104
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