Hitachi Welding System L100 Users Manual Series Inverter Instruction

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HITACHI
L100 Series Inverter
Instruction Manual
• Single-phase Input 200V Class
• Three-phase Input 200V Class
• Three-phase Input 400V Class

Manual Number: NB576XC

After reading this manual,
keep it handy for future reference.
Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.

L100 Inverter

Safety Messages
For the best results with the L100 Series inverter, carefully read this manual and all of
the warning labels attached to the inverter before installing and operating it, and follow
the instructions exactly. Keep this manual handy for quick reference.

Definitions and Symbols
A safety instruction (message) includes a “Safety Alert Symbol” and a signal word or
phrase such as WARNING or CAUTION. Each signal word has the following meaning:
HIGH VOLTAGE: This symbol indicates high voltage. It calls your attention to items
or operations that could be dangerous to you and other persons operation this equipment.
Read the message and follow the instructions carefully.
WARNING: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, can result in
serious injury or death.
CAUTION: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, can result in
minor to moderate injury, or serious damage to the product. The situation described in
the CAUTION may, if not avoided, lead to serious results. Important safety measures
are described in CAUTION (as well as WARNING), so be sure to observe them.
1

Step 1: Indicates a step in a series of action steps required to accomplish a goal. The
number of the step will be contained in the step symbol.
NOTE: Notes indicate an area or subject of special merit, emphasizing either the
product’s capabilities or common errors in operation or maintenance.
TIP: Tips give a special instruction that can save time or provide other benefits while
installing or using the product. The tip calls attention to an idea that may not be obvious
to first-time users of the product.

Hazardous High Voltage
HIGH VOLTAGE: Motor control equipment and electronic controllers are connected
to hazardous line voltages. When servicing drives and electronic controllers, there may
be exposed components with housings or protrusions at or above line potential. Extreme
care should be taken to protect against shock.
Stand on an insulating pad and make it a habit to use only one hand when checking components. Always work with another person in case an emergency occurs. Disconnect
power before checking controllers or performing maintenance. Be sure equipment is
properly grounded. Wear safety glasses whenever working on electronic controllers or
rotating machinery.

ii
General Precautions - Read These First!
WARNING: This equipment should be installed, adjusted, and serviced by qualified
electrical maintenance personnel familiar with the construction and operation of the
equipment and the hazards involved. Failure to observe this precaution could result in
bodily injury.
WARNING: The user is responsible for ensuring that all driven machinery, drive train
mechanism not supplied by Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd., and process
line material are capable of safe operation at an applied frequency of 150% of the
maximum selected frequency range to the AC motor. Failure to do so can result in
destruction of equipment and injury to personnel should a single-point failure occur.
WARNING: For equipment protection, install a ground leakage type breaker with a fast
response circuit capable of handling large currents. The ground fault protection circuit is
not designed to protect against personal injury.
HIGH VOLTAGE: HAZARD OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK. DISCONNECT INCOMING POWER BEFORE WORKING ON THIS CONTROL.
WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input power supply
before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of
electric shock.
CAUTION: These instructions should be read and clearly understood before working
on L100 series equipment.
CAUTION: Proper grounds, disconnecting devices and other safety devices and their
location are the responsibility of the user and are not provided by Hitachi Industrial
Equipment Systems Co., Ltd.
CAUTION: Be sure to connect a motor thermal disconnect switch or overload device to
the L100 series controller to assure that the inverter will shut down in the event of an
overload or an overheated motor.
HIGH VOLTAGE: Dangerous voltage exists until power light is OFF. Wait at least five
(5) minutes after input power is disconnected before performing maintenance.
WARNING: This equipment has high leakage current and must be permanently (fixed)
hard-wired to earth ground via two independent cables.

L100 Inverter

WARNING: Rotating shafts and above-ground electrical potentials can be hazardous.
Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all electrical work conform to the National
Electrical Codes and local regulations. Installation, alignment and maintenance should
be performed only by qualified personnel.
Factory-recommended test procedures included in the instruction manual should be
followed. Always disconnect electrical power before working on the unit.
CAUTION:
a) Class I motor must be connected to earth ground via low resistive path (< 0.1Ω)
b) Any motor used must be of a suitable rating.
c) Motors may have hazardous moving parts. In this event suitable protection must
be provided.
CAUTION: Alarm connection may contain hazardous live voltage even when inverter
is disconnected. When removing the front cover for maintenance or inspection, confirm
that incoming power for alarm connection is completely disconnected.
CAUTION: Hazardous (main) terminals for any interconnection (motor, contact
breaker, filter, etc.) must be inaccessible in the final installation.
CAUTION: This equipment should be installed in IP54 or equivalent (see EN60529)
enclosure. The end application must be in accordance with BS EN60204-1. Refer to the
section “Choosing a Mounting Location” on page 2–7. The diagram dimensions are to
be suitably amended for your application.
CAUTION: Connection to field wiring terminals must be reliably fixed having two
independent means of mechanical support. Use a termination with cable support (figure
below), or strain relief, cable clamp, etc.
Terminal (ring lug)

Cable support

Cable

CAUTION: A double-pole disconnection device must be fitted to the incoming main
power supply close to the inverter. Additionally, a protection device meeting IEC947-1/
IEC947-3 must be fitted at this point (protection device data shown in “Determining
Wire and Fuse Sizes” on page 2–14).
NOTE: The above instructions, together with any other requirements highlighted in this
manual, must be followed for continued LVD (European Low Voltage Directive)
compliance.

iii

iv
Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual
Installation - Cautions for Mounting Procedures
CAUTION: The inverter is shipped with a plastic cover over the top vent
grill. REMOVE this cover after the installation is complete. Operation
with this cover in place will not allow proper cooling, and damage to the
inverter may result.

....... 2–6

CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on flame-resistant material such as
a steel plate. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

....... 2–7

CAUTION: Be sure not to place any flammable materials near the
inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

....... 2–7

CAUTION: Be sure not to let the foreign matter enter vent openings in
the inverter housing, such as wire clippings, spatter from welding, metal
shavings, dust, etc. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

....... 2–7

CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on a perpendicular wall that is not
subject to vibration. Otherwise, it may fall and cause injury to personnel.

....... 2–7

CAUTION: Be sure not to install or operate an inverter that is damaged
or has missing parts. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

....... 2–7

CAUTION: Be sure to install the inverter in a well-ventilated room that
does not have direct exposure to sunlight, a tendency for high temperature, high humidity or dew condensation, high levels of dust, corrosive
gas, explosive gas, inflammable gas, grinding-fluid mist, salt damage,
etc. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

....... 2–7

CAUTION: Be sure to maintain the specified clearance area around the
inverter and to provide adequate ventilation. Otherwise, the inverter may
overheat and cause equipment damage or fire.

....... 2–8

Wiring - Warnings for Electrical Practices and Wire Specifications
WARNING: “Use 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent.

..... 2–13

WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.”

..... 2–13

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more
than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 240 V maximum.” For models with
suffix N or L.

..... 2–13

L100 Inverter

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more
than 5,000 rms symmetrical amperes, 480 V maximum.” For models with
suffix H.

.... 2–13

HIGH VOLTAGE: Be sure to ground the unit. Otherwise, there is a
danger of electric shock and/or fire.

.... 2–13

HIGH VOLTAGE: Wiring work shall be carried out only by qualified
personnel. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.

.... 2–13

HIGH VOLTAGE: Implement wiring after checking that the power
supply is OFF. Otherwise, you may incur electric shock and/or fire.

.... 2–13

HIGH VOLTAGE: Do not connect wiring to an inverter or operate an
inverter that is not mounted according the instructions given in this
manual. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or injury to
personnel.

.... 2–13

WARNING: Make sure the input power to the inverter is OFF. If the drive
has been powered, leave it OFF for five minutes before continuing.

.... 2–19

Wiring - Cautions for Electrical Practices
CAUTION: Fasten the screws with the specified fastening torque in the
table below. Check for any loosening of screws. Otherwise, there is the
danger of fire.

.... 2–15

CAUTION: Be sure that the input voltage matches the inverter specifications: • Single/Three phase 200 to 240 V 50/60 Hz (up to 2.2kW) • Three
phase 200 to 230V 50/60Hz (above 2.2kW) • Three phase 380 to 460 V
50/60Hz

.... 2–16

CAUTION: Be sure not to power a three-phase-only inverter with single
phase power. Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter
and the danger of fire.

.... 2–16

CAUTION: Be sure not to connect an AC power supply to the output
terminals. Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter
and the danger of injury and/or fire.

.... 2–17

Power Input

(L)

(N)

L1 L2 L3

Power Output

T1 T2 T3
U

V W

NOTE:
L, N:
Single-phase 200 to 240V 50/60 Hz
L1, L2, L3: Three-phase 200 to 240V 50/60 Hz
Three-phase 380 to 460V 50/60 Hz

CAUTION: Remarks for using ground fault interrupter breakers in the
main power supply: Adjustable frequency inverters with CE-filters (RFIfilter) and shielded (screened) motor cables have a higher leakage current
toward Earth GND. Especially at the moment of switching ON this can
cause an inadvertent trip of ground fault interrupters. Because of the
rectifier on the input side of the inverter there is the possibility to stall the
switch-off function through small amounts of DC current. Please observe
the following: • Use only short time-invariant and pulse current-sensitive
ground fault interrupters with higher trigger current. • Other components
should be secured with separate ground fault interrupters. • Ground fault
interrupters in the power input wiring of an inverter are not an absolute
protection against electric shock.

..... 2–17

CAUTION: Be sure to install a fuse for each phase of the main power
supply to the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

..... 2–17

CAUTION: For motor leads, ground fault interrupter breakers and
electromagnetic contactors, be sure to size these components properly
(each must have the capacity for rated current and voltage). Otherwise,
there is the danger of fire.

..... 2–17

Powerup Test Caution Messages
CAUTION: The heat sink fins will have a high temperature. Be careful
not to touch them. Otherwise, there is the danger of getting burned.

..... 2–20

CAUTION: The operation of the inverter can be easily changed from low
speed to high speed. Be sure to check the capability and limitations of the
motor and machine before operating the inverter. Otherwise, there is the
danger of injury.

..... 2–20

CAUTION: If you operate a motor at a frequency higher than the inverter
standard default setting (50Hz/60Hz), be sure to check the motor and
machine specifications with the respective manufacturer. Only operate
the motor at elevated frequencies after getting their approval. Otherwise,
there is the danger of equipment damage and/or injury.

.... 2–20,
..... 2–24

CAUTION: Check the following before and during the powerup test.
Otherwise, there is the danger of equipment damage. • Is the shorting bar
between the [+1] and [+] terminals installed? DO NOT power or operate
the inverter if the jumper is removed. • Is the direction of the motor
rotation correct? • Did the inverter trip during acceleration or deceleration? • Were the rpm and frequency meter readings as expected? • Were
there any abnormal motor vibrations or noise?

..... 2–20

L100 Inverter

Warnings for Configuring Drive Parameters
WARNING: When parameter B_12, level of electronic thermal setting, is
set to device FLA rating (Full Load Ampere nameplate rating), the device
provides solid state motor overload protection at 115% of device FLA or
equivalent. Parameter B_12, level of electronic thermal setting, is a
variable parameter.

.... 3–24

WARNING: Use a disconnect switch or breaker to ensure that you do not
connect the motor or inverter to live wiring. Otherwise, there is the
danger of electric shock.

.... 3–28

Cautions for Configuring Drive Parameters
CAUTION: Be careful to avoid specifying a braking time that is long
enough to cause motor overheating. If you use DC braking, we recommend using a motor with a built-in thermistor, and wiring it to the
inverter’s thermistor input (see “Thermistor Thermal Protection” on
page 4–20). Also refer to the motor manufacturer’s specifications for
duty-cycle recommendations during DC braking.

.... 3–15

Warnings for Operations and Monitoring
WARNING: Be sure to turn ON the input power supply only after closing
the front case. While being energized, be sure not to open the front case.
Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

...... 4–3

WARNING: Be sure not to operate electrical equipment with wet hands.
Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

...... 4–3

WARNING: While the inverter is energized, be sure not to touch the
inverter terminals even when the motor is stopped. Otherwise, there is the
danger of electric shock.

...... 4–3

WARNING: If the Retry Mode is selected, the motor may suddenly
restart after a trip stop. Be sure to stop the inverter before approaching the
machine (be sure to design the machine so that safety for personnel is
secure even if it restarts.) Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

...... 4–3

WARNING: If the power supply is cut OFF for a short period of time, the
inverter may restart operation after the power supply recovers if the Run
command is active. If a restart may pose danger to personnel, so be sure
to use a lock-out circuit so that it will not restart after power recovery.
Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

...... 4–3

WARNING: The Stop Key is effective only when the Stop function is
enabled. Be sure to enable the Stop Key separately from the emergency
stop. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

...... 4–3

vii

viii
WARNING: During a trip event, if the alarm reset is applied and the Run
command is present, the inverter will automatically restart. Be sure to
apply the alarm reset only after verifying the Run command is OFF.
Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

....... 4–3

WARNING: Be sure not to touch the inside of the energized inverter or to
put any conductive object into it. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric
shock and/or fire.

....... 4–3

WARNING: If power is turned ON when the Run command is already
active, the motor will automatically start and injury may result. Before
turning ON the power, confirm that the RUN command is not present.

....... 4–3

WARNING: When the Stop key function is disabled, pressing the Stop
key does not stop the inverter, nor will it reset a trip alarm.

....... 4–3

WARNING: Be sure to provide a separate, hard-wired emergency stop
switch when the application warrants it.

....... 4–3

WARNING: If the power is turned ON and the Run command is already
active, the motor starts rotation and is dangerous! Before turning power
ON, confirm that the Run command is not active.

....... 4–9

WARNING: After the Reset command is given and the alarm reset
occurs, the motor will restart suddenly if the Run command is already
active. Be sure to set the alarm reset after verifying that the Run
command is OFF to prevent injury to personnel.

..... 4–19

Cautions for Operations and Monitoring
CAUTION: The heat sink fins will have a high temperature. Be careful
not to touch them. Otherwise, there is the danger of getting burned.

....... 4–2

CAUTION: The operation of the inverter can be easily changed from low
speed to high speed. Be sure check the capability and limitations of the
motor and machine before operating the inverter. Otherwise, it may cause
injury to personnel.

....... 4–2

CAUTION: It is possible to damage the inverter or other devices if your
application exceeds the maximum current or voltage characteristics of a
connection point.

....... 4–4

L100 Inverter

Warnings and Cautions for Troubleshooting and Maintenance
WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input
power supply before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.

...... 6–2

WARNING: Make sure that only qualified personnel will perform
maintenance, inspection, and part replacement. Before starting to work,
remove any metallic objects from your person (wristwatch, bracelet,
etc.). Be sure to use tools with insulated handles. Otherwise, there is a
danger of electric shock and/or injury to personnel.

...... 6–2

WARNING: Never remove connectors by pulling on its wire leads (wires
for cooling fan and logic P.C.board). Otherwise, there is a danger of fire
due to wire breakage and/or injury to personnel.

...... 6–2

CAUTION: Do not connect the megger to any control circuit terminals
such as intelligent I/O, analog terminals, etc. Doing so could cause
damage to the inverter.

.... 6–10

CAUTION: Never test the withstand voltage (HIPOT) on the inverter.
The inverter has a surge protector between the main circuit terminals
above and the chassis ground.

.... 6–10

HIGH VOLTAGE: Be careful not to touch wiring or connector terminals
when working with the inverters and taking measurements. Be sure to
place the measurement circuitry components above in an insulated
housing before using them.

.... 6–14

General Warnings and Cautions
WARNING: Never modify the unit. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/
or injury.
CAUTION: Withstand voltage tests and insulation resistance tests (HIPOT) are
executed before the units are shipped, so there is no need to conduct these tests before
operation.
CAUTION: Do not attach or remove wiring or connectors when power is applied. Also,
do not check signals during operation.
CAUTION: Be sure to connect the grounding terminal to earth ground.

CAUTION: When inspecting the unit, be sure to wait five minutes after tuning OFF the
power supply before opening the cover.

x
CAUTION: Do not stop operation by switching OFF electromagnetic contactors on the
primary or secondary sides of the inverter.
Ground fault
interrupter
Power
Input

U, V, W

L1, L2, L3

Motor

Inverter
P24

FW
When there has been a sudden power failure while an operation instruction is active,
then the unit may restart operation automatically after the power failure has ended. If
there is a possibility that such an occurrence may harm humans, then install an electromagnetic contactor (Mgo) on the power supply side, so that the circuit does not allow
automatic restarting after the power supply recovers. If the optional remote operator is
used and the retry function has been selected, this will also cause automatic restarting
when a Run command is active. So, please be careful.
CAUTION: Do not insert leading power factor capacitors or surge absorbers between
the output terminals of the inverter and motor.
Ground fault
interrupter
Power
Input

Surge absorber
U, V, W

L1, L2, L3
Inverter

GND lug

Motor

Leading power
factor capacitor

CAUTION: MOTOR TERMINAL SURGE VOLTAGE SUPPRESSION FILTER
(For the 400 V CLASS)
In a system using an inverter with the voltage control PWM system, a voltage surge
caused by the cable constants such as the cable length (especially when the distance
between the motor and inverter is 10 m or more) and cabling method may occur at the
motor terminals. A dedicated filter of the 400 V class for suppressing this voltage surge
is available. Be sure to install a filter in this situation.

L100 Inverter

CAUTION: SUPPRESSION FOR NOISE INTERFERENCE FROM INVERTER
The inverter uses many semiconductor switching elements such as transistors and
IGBTs. Thus, a radio receiver or measuring instrument located near the inverter is
susceptible to noise interference.
To protect the instruments from erroneous operation due to noise interference, they
should be used well away from the inverter. It is also effective to shield the whole
inverter structure.
The addition of an EMI filter on the input side of the inverter also reduces the effect of
noise from the commercial power line on external devices.
Note that the external dispersion of noise from the power line can be minimized by
connecting an EMI filter on the primary side of inverter.
EMI Filter

Inverter

Motor

noise
EMI Filter

Completely ground the
enclosed panel, metal
screen, etc. with as
short a wire as possible.

Inverter

Remote
Operator

Motor

Grounded frame
Conduit or shielded
cable—to be grounded

CAUTION: EFFECTS OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ON INVERTER
In the cases below involving a general-purpose inverter, a large peak current can flow on
the power supply side, sometimes destroying the converter module:
1. The unbalance factor of the power supply is 3% or higher.
2. The power supply capacity is at least 10 times greater than the inverter capacity (or
the power supply capacity is 500 kVA or more).
3. Abrupt power supply changes are expected, due to conditions such as:
a. Several inverters are interconnected with a short bus.
b. A thyristor converter and an inverter are interconnected with a short bus.
c. An installed phase advance capacitor opens and closes.
Where these conditions exist or when the connected equipment must be highly reliable,
you MUST install an input-side AC reactor of 3% (at a voltage drop at rated current)
with respect to the supply voltage on the power supply side. Also, where the effects of an
indirect lightning strike are possible, install a lightning conductor.

xii
CAUTION: When the EEPROM error E08 occurs, be sure to confirm the setting values
again.
CAUTION: When using normally closed active state settings (C_11 to C_15) for externally commanded Forward or Reverse terminals [FW] or [RV], the inverter may start
automatically when the external system is powered OFF or disconnected from the
inverter! So, do not use normally closed active state settings for Forward or Reverse
terminals [FW] or [RV] unless your system design protects against unintended motor
operation.
CAUTION: In all the illustrations in this manual, covers and safety devices are
occasionally removed to describe the details. While operating the product, make sure
that the covers and safety devices are placed as they were specified originally and
operate it according to the instruction manual.

UL® Cautions, Warnings, and Instructions
Wiring Warnings for Electrical Practices and Wire Sizes
The Cautions, Warnings, and instructions in this section summarize the procedures
necessary to ensure an inverter installation complies with Underwriters Laboratories®
guidelines.
WARNING: “Use 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent.

WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.”

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000
rms symmetrical amperes, 240 V maximum.” For models with suffix N or L.

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000
rms symmetrical amperes, 480 V maximum.” For models with suffix H.

xiii

L100 Inverter

Terminal Tightening Torque and Wire Size
The wire size range and tightening torque for field wiring terminals are presented in the
table below.
Input
Voltage

200V

400V

Motor Output
Inverter Model

Wiring Size
Range (AWG)

0.2

1/4

L100-002NFE/NFU

0.4

1/2

L100-004NFE/NFU

0.55

3/4

L100-005NFE

0.75

1.1

1 1/2

1.5

L100-015NFE/NFU

2.2

L100-022NFE/NFU

3.7

L100-037LFU

5.5

7 1/2

L100-055LFU

7.5

L100-075LFU

0.4

1/2

L100-004HFE/HFU

0.75

L100-007HFE/HFU

1.5

L100-015HFE/HFU

2.2

L100-022HFE/HFU

3.0

L100-030HFE

4.0

L100-040HFE/HFU

5.5

7 1/2

L100-055HFE/HFU

7.5

L100-075HFE/HFU

L100-007NFE/NFU
L100-011NFE

Torque
ft-lbs

(N-m)

0.6

0.8

0.9

1.2

1.5

2.0

0.9

1.2

1.5

2.0

Wire Connectors
WARNING: Field wiring connections must be Terminal (ring lug)
made by a UL Listed and CSA Certified ring lug
terminal connector sized for the wire gauge being
used. The connector must be fixed using the
crimping tool specified by the connector
manufacturer.

Cable support

Cable

xiv
Circuit Breaker and Fuse Sizes
The inverter’s connections to input power must include UL Listed inverse time circuit
breakers with 600V rating, or UL Listed fuses as shown in the table below.
Input
Voltage

200V

400V

Motor Output
Inverter Model

Fuse (A)
(UL-rated,
class J, 600V)

0.2

1/4

L100-002NFE/NFU

0.4

1/2

L100-004NFE/NFU

0.55

3/4

L100-005NFE

0.75

1.1

1 1/2

1.5

L100-015NFE/NFU

20 (single ph.)
15 (three ph.)

2.2

L100-022NFE/NFU

30 (single ph.)
20 (three ph.)

3.7

L100-037LFU

5.5

7 1/2

L100-055LFU

7.5

L100-075LFU

0.4

1/2

L100-004HFE/HFU

0.75

L100-007HFE/HFU

1.5

L100-015HFE/HFU

2.2

L100-022HFE/HFU

3.0

L100-030HFE

4.0

L100-040HFE/HFU

5.5

7 1/2

L100-055HFE/HFU

7.5

L100-075HFE/HFU

L100-007NFE/NFU
L100-011NFE

10 (single ph.)
7 (three ph.)

15 (single ph.)
10 (three ph.)

Motor Overload Protection
Hitachi L100 inverters provide solid state motor overload protection, which depends on
the proper setting of the following parameters:
• B_12 “electronic overload protection”
Set the rated current [Amperes] of the motor(s) with the above parameters. The setting
range is 0.5 * rated current to 1.2 * rated current.
WARNING: When two or more motors are connected to the inverter, they cannot be
protected by the electronic overload protection. Install an external thermal relay on each
motor.

L100 Inverter

Table of Contents
Safety Messages
Hazardous High Voltage
General Precautions - Read These First!
Index to Warnings and Cautions in This Manual
General Warnings and Cautions
UL® Cautions, Warnings, and Instructions

i
ii
iv
ix
xii

Table of Contents
Revisions
Contact Information

xvii
xviii

Chapter 1: Getting Started
Introduction
L100 Inverter Specifications
Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives
Frequently Asked Questions

1–2
1–5
1–17
1–22

Chapter 2: Inverter Mounting and Installation
Orientation to Inverter Features
Basic System Description
Step-by-Step Basic Installation
Powerup Test
Using the Front Panel Keypad

2–2
2–5
2–6
2–19
2–21

Chapter 3: Configuring Drive Parameters
Choosing a Programming Device
Using Keypad Devices
“D” Group: Monitoring Functions
“F” Group: Main Profile Parameters
“A” Group: Standard Functions
“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions
“C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions

3–2
3–3
3–6
3–8
3–9
3–22
3–32

xvi
Chapter 4: Operations and Monitoring
Introduction
Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices
Example Wiring Diagram
Using Intelligent Input Terminals
Using Intelligent Output Terminals
Analog Input Operation
Analog and Digital Monitor Output
PID Loop Operation
Configuring the Inverter for Multiple Motors

4–2
4–4
4–5
4–8
4–21
4–29
4–30
4–32
4–33

Chapter 5: Inverter System Accessories
Introduction
Component Descriptions
Dynamic Braking

5–2
5–3
5–5

Chapter 6: Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Troubleshooting
Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions
Restoring Factory Default Settings
Maintenance and Inspection
Warranty

6–2
6–5
6–8
6–9
6–16

Appendix A: Glossary and Bibliography
Glossary
Bibliography

A–2
A–8

Appendix B: Drive Parameter Settings Tables
Introduction
Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry

B–2
B–2

Appendix C: CE–EMC Installation Guidelines
CE–EMC Installation Guidelines
Hitachi EMC Recommendations

Index

C–2
C–6

L100 Inverter

xvii

Revisions
Revision History Table
No.

Revision Comments
Initial Release of Manual NB576X

Date of Issue

Operation
Manual No.

May 1999

NB576X

August 1999

NB576XA

Revision A
Pages 1-4 – Specs tables: added row for input current,
changed rated input voltage tolerance, corrected dynamic
braking %torque, corrected product weight (lbs)
Page 2-8 – Corrected H dimension for -002 models

Revision B
Updated company name on cover, contact page, and
nameplate photo
Updated text, figures, and tables throughout manual per
technical corrections or usability improvements
Pages xii to xiv – Added UL Instructions
Page xviii – Contact page update
Pages 1-5 to 1-8 – Added watt loss, efficiency data to tables
Pages 1-10 to 1-15 – Added derating graphs
Page 2-16 – Added power terminal diagrams
Page 4-5 – Added system wiring diagram
Page 4-7 – Added terminal index listing
Page 4-8 – Added input terminal wiring diagrams
Page 4-21 – Added output terminal wiring diagrams
Pages 5-5 to 5-7 – Added braking tables and figures
Page 6-10 – Added megger test procedure and figure
Page 6-15 – Added IGBT test method, figure, and table
Pages C-1 to C-6 – Added appendix on CE-EMC
Removed DOP+ info from Ch3 and Appendix B

May 2002

NB576XB

Revision C
Minor corrections throughout

Nov. 2002

NB576XC

xviii
Contact Information
Hitachi America, Ltd.
Power and Industrial Division
50 Prospect Avenue
Tarrytown, NY 10591
U.S.A.
Phone: +1-914-631-0600
Fax: +1-914-631-3672

Hitachi Australia Ltd.
Level 3, 82 Waterloo Road
North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113
Australia
Phone: +61-2-9888-4100
Fax: +61-2-9888-4188

Hitachi Europe GmbH
Am Seestern 18
D-40547 Düsseldorf
Germany
Phone: +49-211-5283-0
Fax: +49-211-5283-649

Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co, Ltd.
International Sales Department
WBG MARIVE WEST 16F
6, Nakase 2-chome
Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi,
Chiba 261-7116 Japan
Phone: +81-43-390-3516
Fax: +81-43-390-3810

Hitachi Asia Ltd.
16 Collyer Quay
#20-00 Hitachi Tower, Singapore 049318
Singapore
Phone: +65-538-6511
Fax: +65-538-9011

Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co, Ltd.
Narashino Division
1-1, Higashi-Narashino 7-chome
Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-8611
Japan
Phone: +81-47-474-9921
Fax: +81-47-476-9517

Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd.
7th Floor, North Tower
World Finance Centre, Harbour City
Canton Road, Tsimshatsui, Kowloon
Hong Kong
Phone: +852-2735-9218
Fax: +852-2735-6793

NOTE: To receive technical support for the Hitachi inverter you purchased, contact the
Hitachi inverter dealer from whom you purchased the unit, or the sales office or factory
contact listed above. Please be prepared to provide the following inverter nameplate
information:
1. Model
2. Date of purchase
3. Manufacturing number (MFG No.)
4. Symptoms of any inverter problem
If any inverter nameplate information is illegible, please provide your Hitachi contact
with any other legible nameplate items. To reduce unpredictable downtime, we recommend that you stock a spare inverter.

Getting Started

In This Chapter....

1
page

— Introduction ..................................................... 2
— L100 Inverter Specifications ............................ 5
— Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives .... 17
— Frequently Asked Questions ......................... 22

1–2

Introduction

Getting Started

Introduction
Main Features
Congratulations on your purchase of an L100
Series Hitachi inverter! This inverter drive
features state-of-the-art circuitry and components
to provide high performance. The housing
footprint is exceptionally small, given the size of
the corresponding motor. The Hitachi L100
product line includes more than a dozen inverter
models to cover motor sizes from 1/4 horsepower
to 10 horsepower, in either 230 VAC or 460 VAC
power input versions. The main features are:
• 200V and 400V Class inverters
• UL or CE version available
• V/f (volts-per-hertz) control algorithm, selectable for either constant or reduced torque loads
• Convenient keypad for parameter settings
• Built-in RS-422 communications interface to
allow configuration from a PC and for field
bus external modules.

Model L100-002NFU

• Sixteen programmable speed levels
• Two-step acceleration and deceleration curves
• PID control adjusts motor speed automatically to maintain a process variable value
The design in Hitachi inverters overcomes many of the traditional trade-offs between
speed, torque and efficiency. The performance characteristics are:
• Output frequency range from 0.5 to 360 Hz
• Continuous operation at 100% torque within a 1:10 speed range (6/60 Hz / 5/50 Hz)
without motor derating

L100 Inverter

1–3

A full line of accessories from Hitachi is available to complete your application:
• Dynamic braking unit
• Radio noise filters, CE compliance filters, and EMI filters (shown below)
• DIN rail mounting adapter (35mm rail size)

EMI Filter

Operator Interface Options
The optional SRW-0EX digital operator / copy
unit is shown to the right. It has the additional
capability of reading (uploading) the parameter
settings in the inverter into its memory. Then you
can connect the copy unit on another inverter and
write (download) the parameter settings into that
inverter. OEMs will find this unit particularly
useful, as one can use a single copy unit to
transfer parameter settings from one inverter to
many.
Other digital operator interfaces may be available
from your Hitachi distributor for particular industries or international markets. Contact your
Hitachi distributor for further details.

Digital Operator / Copy Unit

Getting Started

• Digital remote operator keypad

1–4

Introduction

Getting Started

Inverter Specifications Label
The Hitachi L100 inverters have product labels located on the right side of the housing,
as pictured below. Be sure to verify that the specifications on the labels match your
power source, motor, and application safety requirements.
Regulatory agency approvals

Specifications label

Inverter model number
Motor capacity for this model
Power Input Rating:
frequency, voltage, phase, current
Output Rating:
Frequency, voltage, current
Manufacturing codes:
Lot number, date, etc.

Model Number Convention
The model number for a specific inverter contains useful information about its operating
characteristics. Refer to the model number legend below:
L100

004

5
Version number (_, 1, 2, ...)
Restricted distribution:
E=Europe, U=USA

Series name

Configuration type
F = with digital operator (keypad)
Input voltage:
N = single or three-phase 200V class
H = three-phase 400V class
L = three phase only, 200V class
Applicable motor capacity in kW
022 = 2.2 kW
002 = 0.2 kW
030 = 3.0 kW
004 = 0.4 kW
037 = 3.7 kW
005 = 0.55 kW
040 = 4.0 kW
007 = 0.75 kW
055 = 5.5 kW
011 = 1.1 kW
075 = 7.5 kW
015 = 1.5 kW

1–5

L100 Inverter

L100 Inverter Specifications
The following tables are specific to L100 inverters for the 200V and 400V class model
groups. Note that “General Specifications” on page 1–9 apply to both voltage class
groups. Footnotes for all specifications tables follow the table below.
Item
L100 inverters,
200V models

200V Class Specifications

CE version

002NFE

004NFE

005NFE

007NFE

011NFE

UL version

002NFU

004NFU

—

007NFU

—

0.2

0.4

0.55

0.75

1.1

1/4

1/2

3/4

1 1/2

0.5

1.0

1.2

1.6

2.0

Applicable motor size *2

Rated capacity (240V) kVA *10
Rated input voltage

Rated input
current (A)

1-phase: 200 to 240V +5/-10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%,
3-phase: 200 to 240V +5/-10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%,
(037LFU, 055LFU & 075LFU 3-phase only)

1-phase

3.1

5.8

6.7

9.0

11.2

3-phase

1.8

3.4

3.9

5.2

6.5

Rated output voltage *3

3-phase: 200 to 240V (corresponding to input voltage)

Rated output current (A)

1.4

2.6

3.0

4.0

5.0

Efficiency at 100% rated output (%)

91.5

92.8

93.6

94.1

95.4

Watt loss,
at 70% output
approximate (W)
at 100% output
Braking

Dynamic
braking, approx.
% torque, (short
time stop from
50 / 60 Hz) *5
DC braking

Weight

100%: ≤ 50 Hz,
50%: ≤ 60 Hz
Capacitive feedback type, dynamic braking unit and braking
resistor optional, individually installed
Variable operating frequency, time, and braking force

0.85

1.3

2.2

1.87

2.87

4.85

Getting Started

Model-specific tables for 200V and 400V class inverters

1–6

L100 Inverter Specifications

Getting Started

Footnotes for the preceding table and the tables that follow:
Note 1:
Note 2:

The protection method conforms to JEM 1030.
The applicable motor refers to Hitachi standard 3-phase motor (4-pole). When
using other motors, care must be taken to prevent the rated motor current (50/
60 Hz) from exceeding the rated output current of the inverter.
Note 3: The output voltage decreases as the main supply voltage decreases (except
when using the AVR function). In any case, the output voltage cannot exceed
the input power supply voltage.
Note 4: To operate the motor beyond 50/60 Hz, consult the motor manufacturer for
the maximum allowable rotation speed.
Note 5: The braking torque via capacitive feedback is the average deceleration torque
at the shortest deceleration (stopping from 50/60 Hz as indicated). It is not
continuous regenerative braking torque. The average deceleration torque
varies with motor loss. This value decreases when operating beyond 50 Hz.
Note that a braking unit is not included in the inverter. If a large regenerative
torque is required, the optional regenerative braking unit should be used.
Note 6: The frequency command is the maximum frequency at 9.8V for input voltage
0 to 10 VDC, or at 19.6 mA for input current 4 to 20 mA. If this characteristic
is not satisfactory for your application, contact your Hitachi sales representative.
Note 7: If operating the inverter in an ambient temperature of 40–50° C, reduce the
carrier frequency to 2.1 kHz, derate the output current by 80%, and remove
the top housing cover. Note that removing the top cover will nullify the
NEMA rating for the inverter housing.
Note 8: The storage temperature refers to the short-term temperature during transport.
Note 9: Conforms to the test method specified in JIS C0911 (1984). For the model
types excluded in the standard specifications, contact your Hitachi sales representative.
Note 10: The input voltage of xxLFU is 230V.

1–7

L100 Inverter
L100 Inverter Specifications, continued...

L100 inverters,
200V models

200V Class Specifications, continued

CE version

015NFE

022NFE

—

UL version

015NFU

022NFU

037LFU

055LFU

075LFU

1.5

2.2

3.7

5.5

7.5

2.9

4.1

6.3

9.6

12.7

Applicable motor size *2

Rated capacity (240V) kVA *10
Rated input voltage

Rated input
current (A)

1-phase: 200 to 240V +5%/–10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%,
3-phase: 200 to 240V +5%/–10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%,
(037LFU, 055LFU & 075LFU 3-phase only)

1-phase

16.0

22.5

—

3-phase

9.3

13.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Rated output voltage *3

3-phase: 200 to 240V (corresponding to input voltage)

Rated output current (A)

7.1

10.0

15.9

Efficiency at 100% rated output (%)

95.3

95.6

95.5

96.1

96.2

118

152

204

166

216

288

Watt loss,
at 70% output
approximate (W)
at 100% output
Braking

Dynamic
braking, approx.
% torque, (short
time stop from
50 / 60 Hz) *5
DC braking

Weight

100%: ≤ 50Hz
50%: ≤ 60Hz

40%: ≤ 50Hz
20%: ≤ 60Hz

20%: ≤ 50Hz
20%: ≤ 60Hz

Capacitive feedback type, dynamic braking unit and braking
resistor optional, individually installed
Variable operating frequency, time, and braking force

2.2

2.8

5.5

5.7

4.85

6.17

12.13

12.57

Getting Started

Item

1–8

L100 Inverter Specifications

Getting Started

Item
L100 inverters,
400V models

400V Class Specifications

CE version

004HFE

007HFE

015HFE

022HFE

UL version

004HFU

007HFU

015HFU

022HFU

0.4

0.75

1.5

2.2

1/2

1.1

1.9

3.0

4.3

Applicable motor size *2

Rated capacity (460V) kVA *10
Rated input voltage

3-phase: 380 to 460V ±10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%

Rated input current (A)

2.0

Rated output voltage *3

3-phase: 380 to 460V (corresponding to input voltage)

Rated output current (A)

1.5

2.5

3.8

5.5

Efficiency at 100% rated output (%)

92.0

93.7

95.7

95.8

Watt loss,
at 70% output
approximate (W)
at 100% output
Braking

Dynamic
braking, approx.
% torque, (short
time, stopping
from 50 / 60 Hz)
*5
DC braking

Weight

3.3

5.0

100%: ≤ 50Hz
50%: ≤ 60Hz

7.0

40%: ≤ 50Hz,
20%: ≤ 60Hz

Capacitive feedback type, dynamic braking unit and braking
resistor optional, individually installed
Variable operating frequency, time, and braking force

1.3

1.7

2.8

2.87

3.75

6.17

1–9

L100 Inverter

Item
CE version

030HFE

040HFE

055HFE

075HFE

UL version

—

040HFU

055HFU

075HFU

3.0

4.0

5.5

7.5

6.2

6.8

10.4

12.7

Applicable motor size *2

Rated capacity (460V) kVA *10
Rated input voltage

3-phase: 380 to 460V ±10%, 50/60 Hz ±5%

Rated input current (A)

10.0

Rated output voltage *3

3-phase: 380 to 460V (corresponding to input voltage)

Rated output current (A)

7.8

8.6

Efficiency at 100% rated output (%)

95.4

96.2

96.0

96.5

Watt loss,
at 70% output
approximate (W)
at 100% output

100

108

156

186

138

151

219

261

Braking

Dynamic
braking, approx.
% torque, (short
time stop from
50 / 60 Hz) *5

16.5

40%: ≤ 50Hz,
20%: ≤ 60Hz

20.0

20%: ≤ 50Hz
20%: ≤ 60Hz

Capacitive feedback type, dynamic braking unit and braking
resistor optional, individually installed

DC braking
Weight

11.0

Variable operating frequency, time, and braking force
kg

2.8

5.5

5.7

6.17

12.13

12.57

General Specifications
The following table applies to all L100 inverters.
Item

General Specifications

Protective housing *1

IP20

Control method

Sine wave pulse-width modulation (PWM) control

Output frequency range *4

0.5 to 360 Hz

Frequency accuracy

Digital command: 0.01% of the maximum frequency
Analog command: 0.1% of the maximum frequency (25°C ± 10°C)

Frequency setting resolution

Digital: 0.1 Hz; Analog: max. frequency/1000

Volt./Freq. characteristic

V/f optionally variable, V/f control (constant torque, reduced torque)

Overload current rating

150%, 60 seconds

Acceleration/deceleration time

0.1 to 3000 sec., (linear accel/decel), second accel/decel setting
available

Getting Started

L100 inverters,
400V models

400V Class Specifications, continued

1–10

L100 Inverter Specifications

Getting Started

Item
Input
signal

General Specifications

Freq.
Operator panel Up and Down keys / Value settings
setting
Potentiometer Analog setting
External signal 0 to 10 VDC (input impedance 10k Ohms), 4 to 20 mA (input
*6
impedance 250 Ohms), Potentiometer (1k to 2k Ohms, 2W)
FWD/
REV
Run

Output
signal

Operator panel Run/Stop (Forward/Reverse run change by command)
External signal Forward run/stop, Reverse run/stop

Intelligent input
terminal

FW (forward run command), RV (reverse run command), CF1~CF4
(multi-stage speed setting), JG (jog command), 2CH (2-stage accel./
decel. command), FRS (free run stop command), EXT (external
trip), USP (startup function), SFT (soft lock), AT (analog current
input select signal), RS (reset), PTC (thermal protection)

Intelligent output
terminal

RUN (run status signal), FA1,2 (frequency arrival signal), OL
(overload advance notice signal), OD (PID error deviation signal),
AL (alarm signal)

Frequency monitor

PWM output; Select analog output frequency monitor, analog output
current monitor or digital output frequency monitor

Alarm output contact

ON for inverter alarm (1C contacts, both normally open or closed
avail.)

Other functions

AVR function, curved accel/decel profile, upper and lower limiters,
16-stage speed profile, fine adjustment of start frequency, carrier
frequency change (0.5 to 16 kHz) frequency jump, gain and bias
setting, process jogging, electronic thermal level adjustment, retry
function, trip history monitor

Protective function

Over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage, overload, extreme high/
low temperature, CPU error, memory error, ground fault detection at
startup, internal communication error, electronic thermal

Operat- Temperature
ing
Environ Humidity
ment
Vibration *9

Operating (ambient): -10 to 50°C (*7) / Storage: -25 to 70°C (*8)

Location

20 to 90% humidity (non-condensing)
5.9 m/s2 (0.6G), 10 to 55 Hz
Altitude 1,000 m or less, indoors (no corrosive gasses or dust)

Coating color

Light purple, cooling fins in base color of aluminum

Options

Remote operator unit, copy unit, cables for the units, dynamic
braking unit, braking resistor, AC reactor, DC reactor, noise filter,
DIN rail mounting

1–11

L100 Inverter

Derating Curves

Use the following derating curves to help determine the optimal carrier frequency setting
for your inverter, and to find the output current derating. Be sure to use the proper curve
for your particular L100 inverter model number.
Standard ratings at 40°C

Legend:

Ratings at 50°C max. with top cover removed
Ratings at 55°C max. with top cover removed
L100–002NFE/NFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–004NFE/NFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency

Getting Started

The maximum available inverter current output is limited by the carrier frequency and
ambient temperature. The carrier frequency is the inverter’s internal power switching
frequency, settable from 0.5 kHz to 16 kHz. Choosing a higher carrier frequency tends to
decrease audible noise, but it also increases the internal heating of the inverter, thus
decreasing (derating) the maximum current output capability. Ambient temperature is
the temperature just outside the inverter housing—such as inside the control cabinet
where the inverter is mounted. A higher ambient temperature decreases (derates) the
inverter’s maximum current output capacity.

1–12

L100 Inverter Specifications

Getting Started

Derating curves, continued...
L100–007NFE/NFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–0015NFE/NFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–022NFE/NFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency

L100 Inverter

1–13

Derating curves, continued...

Getting Started

L100–037LF/LFU
100%
90%
80%
% of rated
output current

70%
60%
50%
40%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–055LFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–075LFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency

1–14

L100 Inverter Specifications

Getting Started

Derating curves, continued...
L100–004HFE/HFU
100%
90%
80%
% of rated
output current

70%
60%
50%
40%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–007HFE/HFU
100%
90%
80%
% of rated
output current

70%
60%
50%
40%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–015HFE/HFU
100%
90%
80%
% of rated
output current

70%
60%
50%
40%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency

L100 Inverter

1–15

Derating curves, continued...

Getting Started

L100–022HFE/HFU
100%
90%
80%
% of rated
output current

70%
60%
50%
40%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–040HFE/HFU
100%
90%
80%
% of rated
output current

70%
60%
50%
40%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency
L100–055HFE/HFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency

1–16

L100 Inverter Specifications

Getting Started

Derating curves, continued...
L100–075HFE/HFU
100%
95%
90%
% of rated
output current

85%
80%
75%
70%
0.5

kHz
2

Carrier frequency

L100 Inverter

1–17

Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives
Hitachi inverters provide speed control for 3-phase AC induction motors. You connect
AC power to the inverter, and connect the inverter to the motor. Many applications
benefit from a motor with variable speed, in several ways:
• Energy savings - HVAC
• Need to coordinate speed with an adjacent process—textiles and printing presses
• Need to control acceleration and deceleration (torque)
• Sensitive loads - elevators, food processing, pharmaceuticals

What is an Inverter?
The term inverter and variable-frequency drive are related and somewhat interchangeable. An electronic motor drive for an AC motor can control the motor’s speed by
varying the frequency of the power sent to the motor.
An inverter, in general, is a device that converts DC power to AC power. The figure
below shows how the variable-frequency drive employs an internal inverter. The drive
first converts incoming AC power to DC through a rectifier bridge, creating an internal
DC bus voltage. Then the inverter circuit converts the DC back to AC again to power the
motor. The special inverter can vary its output frequency and voltage according to the
desired motor speed.
Power
Input

Variable-frequency Drive
Con-

L1
L2

Rectifier

Internal
DC Bus

Inverter

Motor

U/T1
V/T2

W/T3
–

The simplified drawing of the inverter shows three double-throw switches. In Hitachi
inverters, the switches are actually IGBTs (isolated gate bipolar transistors). Using a
commutation algorithm, the microprocessor in the drive switches the IGBTs on and off
at a very high speed to create the desired output waveforms. The inductance of the motor
windings helps smooth out the pulses.

Getting Started

The Purpose of Motor Speed Control for Industry

1–18

Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives

Getting Started

Torque and Constant Volts/Hertz Operation
In the past, AC variable speed drives used an
open loop (scalar) technique to control speed.
The constant-volts-per-hertz operation
maintains a constant ratio between the applied
voltage and the applied frequency. With these
conditions, AC induction motors inherently
delivered constant torque across the operating
speed range. For some applications, this scalar
technique was adequate.

Output
voltage
V
Constant torque

0
100%

Output frequency
Today, with the advent of sophisticated microprocessors and digital signal processors (DSPs),
it is possible to control the speed and torque of AC induction motors with unprecedented
accuracy. The L100 utilizes these devices to perform complex mathematical calculations
required to achieve superior performance. You can choose various torque curves to fit
the needs of your application. Constant torque applies the same torque level across the
frequency (speed) range. Variable torque, also called reduced torque, lowers the torque
delivered at mid-level frequencies. A torque boost setting will add additional torque in
the lower half of the frequency range for the constant and variable torque curves. With
the free-setting torque curve feature, you can specify a series of data points that will
define a custom torque curve to fit your application.

Inverter Input and Three-Phase Power
The Hitachi L100 Series of inverters includes two sub-groups: the 200V class and the
400V class inverters. The drives described in this manual may be used in either the
United States or Europe, although the exact voltage level for commercial power may be
slightly different from country to country. Accordingly, a 200V class inverter requires
(nominal) 200 to 240VAC, and a 400V class inverter requires from 380 to 460VAC.
Some 200V class inverters will accept single-phase or three-phase power, but all 400V
class inverters require a three-phase power supply.
TIP: If your application only has single phase power available, refer to L100 inverters
of 3HP or less; they can accept single phase input power.
The common terminology for single phase power is Line (L) and Neutral (N). Threephase power connections are usually labeled Line 1 (L1), Line 2 (L2) and Line 3 (L3). In
any case, the power source should include an earth ground connection. That ground
connection will need to connect to the inverter chassis and to the motor frame (see “Wire
the Inverter Output to Motor” on page 2–18).

L100 Inverter

1–19

Inverter Output to the Motor

Notice the three connections to the motor do not include one marked “Neutral” or
“Return.” The motor represents a balanced “Y” impedance to the inverter, so there is no
need for a separate return. In other words, each of the three “Hot” connections serves
also as a return for the other connections, because of their phase relationship.
The Hitachi inverter is a rugged and reliable device. The intention is for the inverter to
assume the role of controlling power to the motor during all normal operations. Therefore, this manual instructs you not to switch off power to the inverter while the motor is
running (unless it is an emergency stop). Also, do not install or use disconnect switches
in the wiring from the inverter to the motor (except thermal disconnect). Of course,
safety-related devices such as fuses must be in the design to break power during a
malfunction, as required by NEC and local codes.

Getting Started

The AC motor must be connected only to the inverter’s
3-Phase AC Motor
output terminals. The output terminals are uniquely
V/T2
labeled (to differentiate them from the input terminals)
U/T1
with the designations U/T1, V/T2, and W/T3. This
corresponds to typical motor lead connection designations T1, T2, and T3. It is often not necessary to connect
Earth
a particular inverter output to a particular motor lead for
GND
a new application. The consequence of swapping any
W/T3
two of the three connections is the reversal of the motor
direction. In applications where reversed rotation could
cause equipment damage or personnel injury, be sure to verify direction of rotation
before attempting full-speed operation. For safety to personnel, you must connect the
motor chassis ground to the ground connection at the bottom of the inverter housing.

1–20

Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives

Getting Started

Intelligent Functions and Parameters
Much of this manual is devoted to describing
how to use inverter functions and how to configure inverter parameters. The inverter is microprocessor-controlled, and has many independent
functions. The microprocessor has an on-board
EEPROM for parameter storage. The inverter’s
front panel keypad provides access to all
functions and parameters, which you can access
through other devices as well. The general name
for all these devices is the digital operator, or
digital operator panel. Chapter 2 will show you
how to get a motor running, using a minimal set
of function commands or configuring parameters.
The optional read/write programmer will let you
read and write inverter EEPROM contents from
the programmer. This feature is particularly
useful for OEMs who need to duplicate a particular inverter’s settings in many other inverters in
assembly-line fashion.

Braking
In general, braking is a force that attempts to slow or stop motor rotation. So it is associated with motor deceleration, but may also occur even when the load attempts to drive
the motor faster than the desired speed (overhauling). If you need the motor and load to
decelerate quicker than their natural deceleration during coasting, we recommend
installing an optional dynamic braking unit. See “Introduction” on page 5–2 and
“Dynamic Braking” on page 5–5 for more information on the BRD–E2 and BRD–EZ2
braking units. The L100 inverter sends excess motor energy into a resistor in the
dynamic braking unit to slow the motor and load. For loads that continuously overhaul
the motor for extended periods of time, the L100 may not be suitable (contact your
Hitachi distributor).
The inverter parameters include acceleration and deceleration, which you can set to
match the needs of the application. For a particular inverter, motor, and load, there will
be a range of practically achievable accelerations and decelerations.

L100 Inverter

1–21

Velocity Profiles
Getting Started

The L100 inverter is capable of sophisticated
speed control. A graphical representation of Speed
that capability will help you understand and
configure the associated parameters. This
manual makes use of the velocity profile
0
graph used in industry (shown at right). In the
example, acceleration is a ramp to a set speed,
and deceleration is a decline to a stop.

Set speed
Accel

Decel

Velocity Profile

Acceleration and deceleration settings specify
Speed
Maximum speed
the time required to go from a stop to
maximum frequency (or visa versa). The
resulting slope (speed change divided by time)
is the acceleration or deceleration. An increase
in output frequency uses the acceleration
0
slope, while a decrease uses the deceleration
t
Acceleration
slope. The accel or decel time a particular
(time setting)
speed change depends on the starting and
ending frequencies. However, the slope is constant, corresponding to the full-scale accel
or decel time setting. For example, the full-scale acceleration setting (time) may be 10
seconds—the time required to go from 0 to 60 Hz.
The L100 inverter can store up to 16 preset
speeds. And, it can apply separate acceleration Speed
Speed 2
and deceleration transitions from any preset to
Speed 1
any other preset speed. A multi-speed profile
(shown at right) uses two or more preset
0
speeds, which you can select via intelligent
t
input terminals. This external control can
Multi-speed Profile
apply any preset speed at any time. Alternatively, the selected speed is infinitely variable across the speed range. You can use the
potentiometer control on the keypad for manual control. The drive accepts analog 0-10V
signals and 4-20 mA control signals as well.
The inverter can drive the motor in either
Speed
direction. Separate FW and RV commands
select the direction of rotation. The motion
0
profile example shows a forward motion
followed by a reverse motion of shorter
duration. The speed presets and analog signals
control the magnitude of the speed, while the
FWD and REV commands determine the
direction before the motion starts.

Forward move
t
Reverse move

Bi-directional Profile

NOTE: The L100 can move loads in both directions. However, it is not designed for use
in servo-type applications that use a bipolar velocity signal that determines direction.

1–22

Frequently Asked Questions

Getting Started

Frequently Asked Questions
Q.

What is the main advantage in using an inverter to drive a motor, compared to
alternative solutions?
A.

The term “inverter” is a little confusing, since we also use “drive” and “amplifier”
to describe the electronic unit that controls a motor. What does “inverter” mean?
A.

Yes, sometimes an inverter can be used simply as a “soft-start” device,
providing controlled acceleration and deceleration to a fixed speed. Other
functions of the L100 may be useful in such applications, as well. However,
using a variable speed drive can benefit many types of industrial and
commercial motor applications, by providing controlled acceleration and
deceleration, high torque at low speeds, and energy savings over alternative
solutions.

Can I use an inverter and AC induction motor in a positioning application?
A.

The terms inverter, drive, and amplifier are used somewhat interchangeably
in industry. Nowadays, the terms drive, variable-frequency drive, variablespeed drive, and inverter are generally used to describe electronic, microprocessor-based motor speed controllers. In the past, variable-speed drive also
referred to various mechanical means to vary speed. Amplifier is a term
almost exclusively used to describe drives for servo or stepper motors.

Although the L100 inverter is a variable speed drive, can I use it in a fixed-speed
application?
A.

An inverter can vary the motor speed with very little loss of efficiency,
unlike mechanical or hydraulic speed control solutions. The resulting energy
savings usually pays for the inverter in a relatively short time.

That depends on the required precision, and the slowest speed the motor will
must turn and still deliver torque. If you set the torque boost, the L100 can
develop starting torque at 100% of its rating. However, DO NOT use an
inverter if you need the motor to stop and hold the load position without the
aid of a mechanical brake (use a servo or stepper motion control system).

Does the optional digital operator interface or the PC software (DOP Professional)
provide features beyond what is available from the keypad on the unit?
A.

Yes. However, note first that the same set of parameters and functions are
equally accessible from either the unit’s keypad or from remote devices. The
DOP Professional PC software lets you save or load inverter configurations
to or from a disk file. And, the hand-held digital operator provides hardwired terminals, a safety requirement for some installations.

L100 Inverter
Q.

Why doesn’t the motor have a neutral connection as a return to the inverter?
A.

The motor theoretically represents a “balanced Y” load if all three stator
windings have the same impedance. The Y connection allows each of the
three wires to alternately serve as input or return on alternate half-cycles.

Does the motor need a chassis ground connection?
A.

A specific inverter model is set at the factory to work across a voltage range
particular to the destination country for that model. The model specifications
are on the label on the side of the inverter. A European 200V class inverter
(“EU” marking) has different parameter settings than a USA 200V class
inverter (“US” marking). The initialization procedure (see “Restoring
Factory Default Settings” on page 6–8) can set up the inverter for European
or US commercial voltage ranges.

Yes, for several reasons. Most importantly, this provides protection in the
event of a short in the motor that puts a hazardous voltage on its housing.
Secondly, motors exhibit leakage currents that increase with aging. Lastly, a
grounded chassis generally emits less electrical noise than an ungrounded
one.

What type of motor is compatible with the Hitachi inverters?
A.

Motor type – It must be a three-phase AC induction motor. Use an invertergrade motor that has 800V insulation for 200V class inverters, or 1600V
insulation for 400V class.
Motor size – In practice, it’s better to find the right size motor for your
application; then look for the inverter to match the motor.

NOTE: There may be other factors that will affect motor selection, including heat dissipation, motor operating speed profile, enclosure type, and cooling method.
Q.

How many poles should the motor have?
A.

Hitachi inverters can be configured to operate motors with 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles.
The greater the number of poles, the slower the top motor speed will be, but
it will have higher torque at the base speed.

Will I be able to add dynamic (resistive) braking to my Hitachi L100 drive after
the initial installation?
A.

Yes. You can connect a dynamic braking unit to the L100 inverter. The
resistor in the braking unit must be sized to meet the braking requirements.
More information on dynamic braking is located in Chapter 5.

Getting Started

Why does the manual or other documentation use terminology such as “200V
class” instead of naming the actual voltage, such as “230 VAC?”
A.

1–23

1–24

Frequently Asked Questions
Q.

How will I know if my application will require resistive braking?

Getting Started

Several options related to electrical noise suppression are available for the Hitachi
inverters. How can I know if my application will require any of these options?
A.

For new applications, it may be difficult to tell before you actually test a
motor/drive solution. In general, some applications can rely on system losses
such as friction to serve as the decelerating force, or otherwise can tolerate a
long deceleration time. These applications will not need dynamic braking.
However, applications with a combination of a high-inertia load and a
required short decel time will need dynamic braking. This is a physics
question that may be answered either empirically or through extensive calculations.

The purpose of these noise filters is to reduce the inverter electrical noise so
the operation of nearby electrical devices is not affected. Some applications
are governed by particular regulatory agencies, and noise suppression is
mandatory. In those cases, the inverter must have the corresponding noise
filter installed. Other applications may not need noise suppression, unless
you notice electrical interference with the operation of other devices.

The L100 features a PID loop feature. PID loops are usually associated with
chemical processes, heating, or process industries in general. How could the PID
loop feature be useful in my application?
A.

You will need to determine the particular main variable in your application
the motor affects. That is the process variable (PV) for the motor. Over time,
a faster motor speed will cause a faster change in the PV than a slow motor
speed will. By using the PID loop feature, the inverter commands the motor
to run at the optimal speed required to maintain the PV at the desired value
for current conditions. Using the PID loop feature will require an additional
sensor and other wiring, and is considered an advanced application.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation
In This Chapter....

2
page

— Orientation to Inverter Features ...................... 2
— Basic System Description ............................... 5
— Step-by-Step Basic Installation........................ 6
— Powerup Test ................................................ 19
— Using the Front Panel Keypad ...................... 21

2–2

Orientation to Inverter Features

Orientation to Inverter Features
Unpacking and Inspection
Please take a few moments to unpack your new L100 inverter and perform these steps:
1. Look for any damage that may have occurred during shipping.
2. Verify the contents of the box include:
a. One L100 inverter

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

b. One Instruction Manual with self-adhesive label for the inverter
c. One L100 Quick Reference Guide
d. One packet of desiccant—discard (not for human consumption)
3. Inspect the specifications label on the side of the inverter. Make sure it matches the
product part number you ordered.

Main Physical Features
The L100 Series inverters vary in size according to the current output rating and motor
size for each model number. All feature the same basic keypad and connector interface
for consistent ease of use. The inverter construction has a heat sink at the back of the
housing. The larger models include a fan(s) to enhance heat sink performance. The
mounting holes are pre-drilled in the heat sink for your convenience. Never touch the
heat sink during or just after operation; it can be very hot.
The electronics housing and front panel are built onto the front of the heat sink. The
front panel has three levels of physical access designed for convenience and safety:
• First-level access – for basic use of inverter and editing parameters (power ON)
• Second-level access – for editing parameters and wiring control signals (power ON)
• Third-level access – for wiring the inverter power supply or motor (power OFF)
1. First-level Access - View the unit just as it
came from the box as shown. The four-digit
display can show a variety of performance
parameters. LEDs indicate whether the
display units are Hertz or Amperes. Other
LEDs indicate Power (external), and Run/
Stop Mode and Program/Monitor Mode
status. Membrane keys Run and Stop/Reset,
and a Min/Max frequency control knob
control motor operation. These controls and
indicators are usually the only ones needed
after the inverter installation is complete.
You can also access the modular jack for
connecting a programming or monitoring
device such as a PC (see Chapter 3). And,
you can access the two chassis GND screws
on the metal tab at the bottom of the inverter.

L100 Inverter

2–3

2. Second-level access - Locate the lift tab at the right lower corner of the front panel
near the safety warning message. Lift the corner to swing the half-door around to the
left. This exposes four more control buttons and some connectors.
The FUNC., 1 , 2 , and STR keys allow an operator to access and change the
inverter’s functions and parameter values. The 7 and 8-position connectors provide
the interface for logic-level control signals. These signals are generally low-voltage
in nature and are appropriate for second-level access.

Lift tab for
opening door

Control signal
connectors

Locate the label sheet that came with the manual. This is a good moment to apply the
self-sticking labels as shown below. Adhere the larger label for monitor codes and
basic functions to the rear of the half-door panel. Then adhere the remaining trip code
label to the area beside the connectors. Be careful not to cover the screw access on
models like the one shown.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Controls for mode
and parameter
changes

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

2–4

Orientation to Inverter Features
3. Third-level access - First, ensure no power
source of any kind is connected to the
inverter. If power has been connected, wait
five minutes after powerdown and verify
the Power LED is OFF to proceed. Then
locate the recessed retention screw on the
left side main front panel (it is along the
left hinge area on some models, or behind
the first access door on others). Use a small
screwdriver (Regular or Phillips) to loosen
the screw. Swing the door around to the
right to reveal the internal components of
the drive. The two-level tiered 12-position
terminal block accepts wires for the power
input and wires to the motor.
Notice the housing partition that lifts out to
allow full access to the terminals for wiring as
shown. Never operate the inverter drive with
the partition removed or the full access door
opened.
The alarm circuit connections are accessible
on the 3-position connector near the modular
connector on the rear of the main panel door.
The nearby relay provides both normallyopen and normally-closed logic for interface
to an external alarm. The alarm circuit may
carry hazardous live voltages even when the
main power to the inverter is OFF. So, never
directly touch any terminal or circuit component. A notch in the removable partition
serves as the exit path for alarm circuit wiring.

Retention screw

Alarm
connector
Housing partition

The following sections will describe the
system design and guide you through a
step-by-step installation process. After the
section on wiring, this chapter will show
how to use the front panel keys to access
functions and edit parameters.

Power and motor
connector terminals

L100 Inverter

2–5

Basic System Description
A motor control system will obviously include a motor and inverter, as well as a breaker
or fuses for safety. If you are connecting a motor to the inverter on a test bench just to get
started, that’s all you may need for now. But a system can also have a variety of
additional components. Some can be for noise suppression, while others may enhance
the inverter’s braking performance. The figure and table below show a system with all
the optional components you may need in your finished application.
From power supply
Function

Breaker / disconnect

A molded-case circuit breaker (MCCB), ground fault
interrupter (GFI), or a fused disconnect device. NOTE:
The installer must refer to the NEC and local codes to
ensure safety and compliance.

Input-side
AC Reactor

This is useful in suppressing harmonics induced on the
power supply lines and for improving the power factor.
WARNING: Some applications must use an inputside AC reactor to prevent inverter damage. See
Warning on next page.

Radio noise filter Electrical noise interference may occur on nearby
equipment such as a radio receiver. This magnetic
choke filter helps reduce radiated noise (can also be
used on output).

L3
+1

EMI filter (for
CE applications,
see Appendix D)

Reduces the conducted noise on the power supply
wiring between the inverter and the power distribution
system. Connect to the inverter primary (input side).

Radio noise filter
(use in non-CE
applications)

This capacitive filter reduces radiated noise from the
main power wires in the inverter input side.

DC link choke

Suppresses harmonics generated by the inverter.
However, it will not protect the input diode bridge
rectifier.

Braking resistor

This is useful for increasing the inverter’s control
torque for high duty-cycle (ON-OFF) applications, and
improving the decelerating capability.

Inverter
RB

GND
T2 T3

Radio noise filter Electrical noise interference may occur on nearby
equipment such as a radio receiver. This magnetic
choke filter helps reduce radiated noise (can also be
used on input).
Output-side
AC reactor

This reactor reduces the vibrations in the motor caused
by the inverter’s switching waveforms, by smoothing
the waveform to approximate commercial power
quality. It is also useful to reduce harmonics when
wiring from the inverter to the motor is more than 10m
in length.

LCR filter

Sine wave shaping filter for output side.

Motor
Thermal
switch

NOTE: Note that some components are required for regulatory agency compliance (see
Chapter 5 and Appendix C).

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Breaker,
MCCB or
GFI

Name

2–6

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

WARNING: In the cases below involving a general-purpose inverter, a large peak
current can flow on the power supply side, sometimes destroying the converter module:
1.The unbalance factor of the power supply is 3% or higher.
2.The power supply capacity is at least 10 times greater than the inverter capacity
(or the power supply capacity is 500 kVA or more).
3.Abrupt power supply changes are expected, due to conditions such as:
a. Several inverters are interconnected with a short bus.
b. A thyristor converter and an inverter are interconnected with a short bus.
c. An installed phase advance capacitor opens and closes.
Where these conditions exist or when the connected equipment must be highly reliable,
you MUST install an input-side AC reactor of 3% (at a voltage drop at rated current)
with respect to the supply voltage on the power supply side. Also, where the effects of an
indirect lightning strike are possible, install a lightning conductor.

Step-by-Step Basic Installation
This section will guide you through the following basic steps of installation:
1. Study the warnings associated with mounting the inverter.
2. Select a suitable mounting location.
NOTE: If the installation is in an EU country, study the EMC installation guidelines in
Appendix C.
3. Place covers over the inverter’s ventilation openings to prevent debris from entering.
4. Check the inverter mounting dimensions for footprint and mounting hole locations.
5. Study the caution and warning messages associated with wiring the inverter.
6. Connect wiring for the inverter power input.
7. Connect wiring to the motor.
8. Remove any covers applied in Step 3 from the inverter’s ventilation openings.
CAUTION: The inverter is shipped with a plastic cover over the top vent grill.
REMOVE this cover after the installation is complete. Operation with this cover in place
will not allow proper cooling, and damage to the inverter may result.
9. Perform a powerup test.
10. Make observations and check your installation.

L100 Inverter

2–7

Choosing a Mounting Location
1

Step 1: Study the following caution messages associated with mounting the inverter.
This is the time when mistakes are most likely to occur that will result in expensive
rework, equipment damage, or personal injury.
CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on flame-resistant material such as a steel plate.
Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.
CAUTION: Be sure not to place any flammable materials near the inverter. Otherwise,
there is the danger of fire.

CAUTION: Be sure to install the inverter in a place that can bear the weight according
to the specifications in the text (Chapter 1, Specifications Tables). Otherwise, it may fall
and cause injury to personnel.
CAUTION: Be sure to install the unit on a perpendicular wall that is not subject to
vibration. Otherwise, it may fall and cause injury to personnel.
CAUTION: Be sure not to install or operate an inverter that is damaged or has missing
parts. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.
CAUTION: Be sure to install the inverter in a well-ventilated room that does not have
direct exposure to sunlight, a tendency for high temperature, high humidity or dew
condensation, high levels of dust, corrosive gas, explosive gas, inflammable gas,
grinding-fluid mist, salt damage, etc. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

CAUTION: Be sure not to let the foreign matter enter vent openings in the inverter
housing, such as wire clippings, spatter from welding, metal shavings, dust, etc. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

2–8

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Ensure Adequate Ventilation
2

Step 2: To summarize the caution messages—you will need to find a solid, non-flammable, vertical surface that is in a relatively clean and dry environment. In order to ensure
enough room for air circulation around the inverter to aid in cooling, maintain the specified clearance around the inverter specified in the diagram.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Clear area

8 cm (3.15”)
minimum

10 cm (3.94”)
minimum

L100

Air flow

12 cm (4.72”)
minimum

10 cm (3.94”)
minimum

CAUTION: Be sure to maintain the specified clearance area around the inverter and to
provide adequate ventilation. Otherwise, the inverter may overheat and cause equipment
damage or fire.

Keep Debris Out of Inverter Vents
3

Step 3: Before proceeding to the wiring section, it’s
a good time to temporarily cover the inverter’s
ventilation openings. Paper and masking tape are
all that is needed. This will prevent harmful debris
such as wire clippings and metal shavings from
entering the inverter during installation. The
inverter housing comes from the factory with a
snap-in cover on the top of its housing. Ensure it is
in place at this time (also to be removed later,
unless the installation must have a NEMA rating).
Please observe this checklist while mounting the
inverter:

Top cover
installed

Ventilation holes
(both sides)

1. The ambient temperature must be in the range of -10 to 40°C. If the range will be up
to 50°C, you will need to set the carrier frequency to 2.1 kHz or less and derate the
output current to 80% or less. Chapter 3 covers how to change parameters such as the
carrier frequency. Remember to remove the top cover (unless the installation is to
have a NEMA rating)!
2. Keep any other heat-producing equipment as far away from the inverter as possible.

L100 Inverter

2–9

3. When installing the inverter in an enclosure, maintain the clearance around the
inverter and verify that its ambient temperature is within specification when the
enclosure door is closed.
4. Do not open the main front panel door at any time during operation.

Check Inverter Dimensions
Step 4: Locate the applicable drawing on the following pages for your inverter.
Dimensions are given in millimeters (inches) format.

-002NFU
-004NFE
-004NFU

5(0.20)

4(0.16)

2.5(0.10)

80(3.15)

7(0.28)

107 (4.21)
107 (4.21)
107 (4.21)
107 (4.21)

H= (see H chart)

-002NFE

120(4.72)

H mm (in.)
110(4.33)

L100

MODEL

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

67(2.64)

External Dimensions

10(0.39)

NOTE: Some inverter housings require two mounting screws, while others require four.
Be sure to use lock washers or other means to ensure screws do not loosen due to
vibration.

2–10

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Dimensional drawings, continued...
98(3.86)

External Dimensions
MODEL
-004HFE
-004HFU
-005NFE
-007NFE
-007NFU

130(5.12)

118(4.65)

L100

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

5(0.20)

4(0.16)

Ground Terminal

7(0.28)

110(4.33)

2.5(0.10)
129(5.08)

10(0.39)

5(0.20)

98(3.86)
Air

MODEL
-007HFE(No fan)
-007HFU(No fan)

130(5.12)

-015HFE
-015HFU

118(4.65)

5(0.20)

5(0.20)
4(0.16)

156(6.14)

7(0.28)

110(4.33)

Ground Terminal

FAN

6(0.24)

L100

Air

L100 Inverter

2–11

Dimensional drawings, continued...
140(5.51)
128(5.04)

180(7.09)

168(6.61)

L100 -011NFE
-015NFE
-015NFU

7(0.28)

Ground Terminal

3.5(0.14)
153(6.02)

10(0.39)

5(0.20)

140(5.51)
128(5.04)

L100 -022NFE
-022NFU

Air

5(0.20)

164(6.46)

5(0.20)

7(0.28)

-040HFE
-040HFU

168(6.61)

-030HFE
-037LFU

180(7.08)

-022HFE
-022HFU

FAN

6(0.24)

Ground Terminal

Air

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

5(0.20)

2–12

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Dimensional drawings, continued...
L100 -055LFU
-075LFU
-055HFU
-075HFU
-055HFE
-075HFE
182(7.17)
160(6.30)

257(10.12)

236(9.29)

7(0.28)

Air
Ground Terminal

170(6.69)

7(0.28)

6(0.24)

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Air

NOTE: Model L100-075LFU has (2) fans. All other models in this housing have (1)
fan.

L100 Inverter

2–13

Prepare for Wiring
5

Step 5: It is very important to perform the wiring steps carefully and correctly. Before
proceeding, please study the caution and warning messages below.
WARNING: “Use 60/75°C Cu wire only” or equivalent.

WARNING: “Open Type Equipment.”

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000
rms symmetrical amperes, 480 V maximum.” For models with suffix H.
HIGH VOLTAGE: Be sure to ground the unit. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric
shock and/or fire.
HIGH VOLTAGE: Wiring work shall be carried out only by qualified personnel. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.
HIGH VOLTAGE: Implement wiring after checking that the power supply is OFF.
Otherwise, you may incur electric shock and/or fire.
HIGH VOLTAGE: Do not connect wiring to an inverter or operate an inverter that is
not mounted according the instructions given in this manual. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or injury to personnel.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

WARNING: “Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 5,000
rms symmetrical amperes, 240 V maximum.” For models with suffix N or L.

2–14

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Determining Wire and Fuse Sizes
The maximum motor currents in your application determines the recommended wire
size. The following table gives the wire size in AWG. The “Power Lines” column
applies to the inverter input power, output wires to the motor, the earth ground connection, and any other component shown in the “Basic System Description” on page 2–5.
The “Signal Lines” column applies to any wire connecting to the two green 7 and 8position connectors just inside the front panel half-door.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Motor Output
(kW/HP)

Applicable
equipment

Wiring
Inverter Model

Power Lines

0.2

1/4

L100-002NFE/NFU

0.4

1/2

L100-004NFE/NFU

0.55

3/4

L100-005NFE

0.75

1.1

1 1/2

1.5

2.2

Signal Lines

Fuse (UL-rated,
class J, 600V)

AWG16 / 1.3 mm2

10A (single ph.)
7A (three ph.)

AWG14 / 2.1 mm2

15A (single ph.)
10A (three ph.)

L100-015NFE/NFU

AWG12 / 3.3 mm2

20A (single ph.)
15A (three ph.)

L100-022NFE/NFU

AWG10 / 5.3 mm2

30A (single ph.)
20A (three ph.)

3.7

L100-037LFU

AWG12 / 3.3 mm2

5.5

7 1/2

L100-055LFU

AWG10 / 5.3 mm2

7.5

L100-075LFU

AWG8 / 8.4 mm2

0.4

1/2

L100-004HFE/HFU

0.75

L100-007HFE/HFU

1.5

L100-015HFE/HFU

2.2

L100-022HFE/HFU

3.0

L100-030HFE

4.0

L100-040HFE/HFU

5.5

7 1/2

L100-055HFE/HFU

7.5

L100-075HFE/HFU

Note 1:

Note 2:
Note 3:
Note 4:

L100-007NFE/NFU
L100-011NFE

18 to 28 AWG /
0.14 to 0.75 mm2
shielded wire
(see Note 4)

30A
40A
50A
3A

AWG16 / 1.3 mm2

6A
10A

AWG14 / 2.1 mm2
AWG12 / 3.3 mm2

15A
20A
25A

Field wiring must be made by a UL-listed and CSA-certified closed-loop
terminal connector sized for the wire gauge involved. Connector must be
fixed by using the crimping tool specified by the connector manufacturer.
Be sure to consider the capacity of the circuit breaker to be used.
Be sure to use a larger wire gauge if power line length exceeds 66 ft (20m).
Use 18 AWG / 0.75 mm2 wire for the alarm signal wire ([AL0], [AL1], [AL2]
terminals).

L100 Inverter

2–15

Terminal Dimensions and Torque Specs
The terminal screw dimensions for all L100 inverters are listed in table below. This
information is useful in sizing spade lug or ring lug connectors for wire terminations.
CAUTION: Fasten the screws with the specified fastening torque in the table below.
Check for any loosening of screws. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

Number
of Screw
Terminals

Models 005NF–
022NF, 037LF,
004HF–040HF

Models
055LF–075LF,
055HF–075HF

Screw
Diameter

Width
(mm)

Screw
Diameter

Width
(mm)

Screw
Diameter

Width
(mm)

Power Terminals

M3.5

7.1

Control Signal

—

Alarm Signal

—

Ground Terminals

—

When connecting wiring, use the tightening torque listed in the following table to safely
attach wiring to the connectors.
Screw

Tightening Torque

Screw

Tightening Torque

0.2 N•m (max. 0.25 N•m) M3.5

0.8 N•m (max. 0.9 N•m)

0.5 N•m (max. 0.6 N•m)

1.2 N•m (max. 1.3 N•m)

Wire the Inverter Input to a Supply
6

Step 6: In this step, you will connect wiring to
the input of the inverter. First, you must determine whether the inverter model you have
requires three-phase power only, or if it can
accept either single-phase or three-phase power.
All models have the same power connector
terminals [L1], [L2], and [N/L3]. So, you must
refer to the specifications label (on the side of
the inverter) for the acceptable power source
types! For inverters that can accept singlephase power and are connected that way,
terminal [L2] will remain unconnected.
The wiring example to the right shows an L100
inverter wired for 3-phase input. Note the use of
ring lug connectors for a secure connection.

Screw
M5
—

Tightening Torque
2.0 N•m (max. 2.2 N•m)
—

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Connector

Models
002NF, 004NF

2–16

Step-by-Step Basic Installation
Please use the terminal arrangement below corresponding to your inverter model.
–002NFE/NFU, –004NFE/NFU, –005NFE
Jumper

(/)
L1

+1 +
–
L2 N/L3 U/T1 V/T2 W/T3

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Chassis
Ground

–007 to 022NFE/NFU, –037LFU, 004 to 040HFE/HFU
Jumper

(/)

+1
L1

+
–
L2 N/L3 U/T1 V/T2 W/T3
Chassis
Ground

–055LFU, –075LFU, 055HFE/HFU, 075HFE/HFU
Jumper

(/) +1 +
–
L1 L2 N/L3 U/T1 V/T2 W/T3
Chassis
Ground

NOTE: An inverter powered by a portable power generator may receive a distorted
power waveform, overheating the generator. In general, the generator capacity should be
five times that of the inverter (kVA).
CAUTION: Be sure that the input voltage matches the inverter specifications:
• Single/Three phase 200 to 240 V 50/60 Hz (up to 2.2kW)
• Three phase 200 to 230V 50/60Hz (above 2.2kW)
• Three phase 380 to 460 V 50/60Hz
CAUTION: Be sure not to power a three-phase-only inverter with single phase power.
Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter and the danger of fire.

L100 Inverter

2–17

CAUTION: Be sure not to connect an AC power supply to the output terminals. Otherwise, there is the possibility of damage to the inverter and the danger of injury and/or
fire.
Power Input

(L)

(N)

Power Output

T1 T2 T3

L1 L2 N/L3 U

V W

NOTE:
L, N:
Single-phase 200 to 240V 50/60 Hz
L1, L2, L3: Three-phase 200 to 230V 50/60 Hz
Three-phase 380 to 460V 50/60 Hz

CAUTION: Be sure to install a fuse for each phase of the main power supply to the
inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.
CAUTION: For motor leads, ground fault interrupter breakers and electromagnetic
contactors, be sure to size these components properly (each must have the capacity for
rated current and voltage). Otherwise, there is the danger of fire.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

CAUTION: Remarks for using ground fault interrupter breakers in the main power
supply:
Adjustable frequency inverters with CE-filters (RFI-filter) and shielded (screened) motor
cables have a higher leakage current toward Earth GND. Especially at the moment of
switching ON this can cause an inadvertent trip of ground fault interrupters. Because of
the rectifier on the input side of the inverter there is the possibility to stall the switch-off
function through small amounts of DC current. Please observe the following:
• Use only short time-invariant and pulse current-sensitive ground fault interrupters
with higher trigger current.
• Other components should be secured with separate ground fault interrupters.
• Ground fault interrupters in the power input wiring of an inverter are not an
absolute protection against electric shock.

2–18

Step-by-Step Basic Installation

Wire the Inverter Output to Motor
7

Step 7: The process of motor selection is beyond the scope of this manual. However, it
must be an AC induction motor with three phases. It should also come with a chassis
ground lug. If the motor does not have three power input leads, stop the installation and
verify the motor type. Other guidelines for wiring the motor include:
• Use an inverter-grade motor for maximum motor life (1600V insulation).

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

• For standard motors, use the AC reactor accessory if the wiring between the inverter
and motor exceeds 10 meters in length.
Simply connect the motor to the terminals
[U/T1], [V/T2], and [W/T3] as shown to the
right. This is a good time to connect the
chassis ground lug on the drive as well. The
motor chassis ground must also connect to
the same point. Use a star ground (singlepoint) arrangement, and never daisy-chain the
grounds (point-to-point).
Use the same wire gauge on the motor and
chassis ground wiring as you used on the
power input wiring in the previous step. After
completing the wiring:
• Check the mechanical integrity of each
wire crimp and terminal connection.
• Replace the housing partition that covers
access to the power connections.

To Power
Supply

To Motor

To Chassis
Ground

• Close the main door and secure the retention screw firmly.

Logic Control Wiring
After completing the initial installation and powerup test in this chapter, you may need
to wire the logic signal connector for your application. For new inverter users/applications, we highly recommend that you first complete the powerup test in this chapter
without adding any logic control wiring. Then you will be ready to set the required
parameters for logic control as covered in Chapter 4, Operations and Monitoring.

L100 Inverter

2–19

Uncover the Inverter Vents
8

Step 8: After mounting and wiring the inverter,
remove any covers from the inverter housing.
This includes material over the side ventilation
ports. Remove the square cover panel at the top
of the housing.
WARNING: Make sure the input power to the
inverter is OFF. If the drive has been powered,
leave it OFF for five minutes before continuing.

Powerup Test
9

Step 9: After wiring the inverter and motor, you’re ready to do a powerup test. The
procedure that follows is designed for the first-time use of the drive. Please verify the
following conditions before conducting the powerup test:
• You have followed all the steps in this chapter up to this step.
• The inverter is new, and is securely mounted to a non-flammable vertical surface
• The inverter is connected to a power source and motor.
• No additional wiring of inverter connectors or terminals has been done.
• The power supply is reliable, and the motor is a known working unit, and the motor
nameplate ratings match the inverter ratings.
• The motor is securely mounted, and is not connected to any load.

Goals for the Powerup Test
If there are any exceptions to the above conditions at this step, please take a moment to
take any measures necessary to reach this basic starting point. The specific goals of this
powerup test are:
1. Verify that the wiring to the power supply and motor is correct.
2. Demonstrate that the inverter and motor are generally compatible.
3. Give a brief introduction to the use of the built-in operator keypad.
The powerup test gives you an important starting point to ensure a safe and successful
application of the Hitachi inverter. We highly recommend performing this test before
proceeding to the other chapters in this manual.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

The top housing cover is held in place by four locking tabs. To remove the cover,
squeeze two corners together and push a small screwdriver under one side as shown,
while pulling upward. Hold the screwdriver at the angle shown, and DO NOT push the
screwdriver or any object through ventilation openings and into the inverter.

2–20

Powerup Test

Pre-test and Operational Precautions
The following instructions apply to the powerup test, or to any time the inverter is
powered and operating. Please study the following instructions and messages before
proceeding with the powerup test.
1. The power supply must have fusing suitable for the load. Check the fuse size chart
presented in Step 5, if necessary.
2. Be sure you have access to a disconnect switch for the drive input power if necessary.
However, do not turn OFF power during inverter operation unless it is an emergency.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

3. Turn the front panel potentiometer to the MIN position (fully counter-clockwise).
CAUTION: The heat sink fins will have a high temperature. Be careful not to touch
them. Otherwise, there is the danger of getting burned.
CAUTION: The operation of the inverter can be easily changed from low speed to high
speed. Be sure to check the capability and limitations of the motor and machine before
operating the inverter. Otherwise, there is the danger of injury.
CAUTION: If you operate a motor at a frequency higher than the inverter standard
default setting (50Hz/60Hz), be sure to check the motor and machine specifications with
the respective manufacturer. Only operate the motor at elevated frequencies after getting
their approval. Otherwise, there is the danger of equipment damage and/or injury.
CAUTION: Check the following before and during the powerup test. Otherwise, there
is the danger of equipment damage.
• Is the shorting bar between the [+1] and [+] terminals installed? DO NOT power or
operate the inverter if the jumper is removed.
• Is the direction of the motor rotation correct?
• Did the inverter trip during acceleration or deceleration?
• Were the rpm and frequency meter readings as expected?
• Were there any abnormal motor vibrations or noise?

Powering the Inverter
If you have followed all the steps, cautions and warnings up to this point, you’re ready to
apply power. After doing so, the following events should occur:
• The POWER LED will illuminate.
• The numeric (7-segment) LEDs will display a test pattern, then stop at 0.0.
• The Hz LED will be ON.
If the motor starts running unexpectedly or any other problem occurs, press the STOP
key. Only if necessary should you remove power to the inverter as a remedy.
NOTE: If the inverter has been previously powered and programmed, the LEDs (other
than the POWER LED) may illuminate differently than as indicated above. If necessary,
you can initialize all parameters to the factory default settings. See “Restoring Factory
Default Settings” on page 6–8.

2–21

L100 Inverter

Using the Front Panel Keypad
Front Panel Introduction
Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with the keypad layout shown in the figure
below. These are the visible controls and indicators when the front panel door is closed.
Power LED

Parameter Display
HITACHI

Run/Stop LED

5 0.0

RUN

Program/Monitor LED

RUN

Potentiometer Enable LED

STOP

RESET
MIN

Run Key

Display Units
Hertz / Amperes LEDs

MAX

Stop/Reset Key

Potentiometer

The display is used in programming the inverter’s parameters, as well as monitoring
specific parameter values during operation. Many functions are applicable only during
the initial installation, while others are more useful for maintenance or monitoring.

Parameter Editing Controls
Now, open the front panel (half-door) for
second-level access to reveal additional operator
keys for parameter editing as shown to the right.
In normal operation after installation, parameter
editing is unnecessary, so these controls are
hidden from view. The front panel controls and
indicators are described as follows:
• Run/Stop LED - ON when the inverter output
is ON and the motor is developing torque
(Run Mode), and OFF when the inverter
output is OFF (Stop Mode).

POWER

HITACHI

5 0.0

RUN
PRG

RUN

Hz
A

STOP

RESET
MAX

MIN

FUNC. 1

Function
Key

STR

Up/Down
Keys

Store
Key

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Run Key Enable LED

PRG

POWER

2–22

Using the Front Panel Keypad
• Parameter Display - A 4-digit, 7-segment display for parameters and function codes.
• Display Units, Hertz/Amperes - One of these LEDs will be ON to indicate the units
associated with the parameter display.
• Power LED - This LED is ON when the power input to the inverter is ON.
• Function Key - This key is used to navigate through the lists of parameters and
functions for setting and monitoring parameter values.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

• Up/Down ( 1 , 2 ) Keys - Use these keys alternately to move up or down the lists of
parameter and functions shown in the display, and increment/decrement values.
• Store ( STR ) Key - When the unit is in Program Mode and you have edited a parameter
value, press the Store key to write the new value to the EEPROM.

Keys, Modes, and Parameters
Purpose of the keypad is to provide a way to change modes and parameters. The term
function applies to both monitoring modes and parameters. These are all accessible
through function codes that are primarily 3-character codes. The various functions are
separated into related groups identifiable by the left-most character, as the table shows.
Function
Group

Type (Category) of Function

Mode to Access

“D”

Monitoring functions

Monitor

“F”

Main profile parameters

Program

“A”

Standard functions

Program

“B”

Fine tuning functions

Program

“C”

Intelligent terminal functions

Program

“E”

Error codes

—

PGM LED
Indicator

—

For example, function “A_04” is the base frequency setting for the motor, typically
50 Hz or 60 Hz. To edit the parameter, the inverter must be in Program Mode (PGM
LED will be ON). You use the front panel keys to first select the function code “A_04.”
After displaying the value for “A_04,” use the Up/Down ( 1 or 2 ) keys to edit it.
NOTE: The inverter 7-segment display shows lower case “b” and “d,” meaning the same
as the upper case letters “B” and “D” used in this manual (for uniformity “A to F”).
The inverter automatically switches into Monitor
MONITOR
PROGRAM
Mode when you access “D” Group functions. It
“A” Group
switches into Program Mode when you access any
“B” Group
“D” Group
other group, because they all have editable param“C” Group
“F” Group
eters. Error codes use the “E” Group, and appear
automatically when a fault event occurs. Refer to
“Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions” on page 6–5 for error code details.

2–23

L100 Inverter

Keypad Navigational Map
The L100 Series inverter drives have many programmable functions and parameters.
Chapter 3 will cover these in detail, but you need to access just a few items to perform
the powerup test. The menu structure makes use of function codes and parameter codes
to allow programming and monitoring with only a 4-digit display and a few keys and
LEDs. So, it is important to become familiar with the basic navigational map of parameters and functions in the diagram below. You may later use this map as a reference.
Monitor Mode

Program Mode

PRG LED=OFF

0 0 0.0
FUNC.

d 09

Select Parameter
powerdown

Select
Function
or Group

Store as
powerup
default

C 91
1

FUNC.

1 2 3.4

F 04

FUNC.

2
STR

A 01

Edit

A 98

A -1

b 01

b - 1

b 92

C -1

Increment/
decrement
value

C 01

d 01
1

Edit Parameter

Write
data to
EEPROM

FUNC.

F 01

Return to
parameter
list

The navigational map shows the relationship of all resources of the inverter in one view.
In general, use the FUNC. key to move left and right, and the 1 2 (arrow) keys to move
up and down.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Display Data

PRG LED=ON

2–24

Using the Front Panel Keypad

Selecting Functions and Editing Parameters
In order to run the motor for the powerup test, this section will show how to:
• select the inverter’s maximum output frequency to the motor
• select the keypad potentiometer as the source of motor speed command
• select the keypad as the source of the RUN command

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

• enable the RUN command
The following series of programming tables are designed for successive use. Each table
uses the previous table’s final state as the starting point. Therefore, start with the first
and continue programming until the last one. If you get lost or concerned that some of
the other parameters settings may be incorrect, refer to “Restoring Factory Default
Settings” on page 6–8.
CAUTION: If you operate a motor at a frequency higher than the inverter standard
default setting (50Hz/60Hz), be sure to check the motor and machine specifications with
the respective manufacturer. Only operate the motor at elevated frequencies after getting
their approval. Otherwise, there is the danger of equipment damage.
Setting the Motor Base Frequency -The motor is designed to operate at a specific AC
frequency. Most commercial motors are designed for 50/60 Hz operation. First, check
the motor specifications. Then follow the steps in the table below to verify the setting or
correct for your motor. DO NOT set it for greater than 50/60 Hz unless the motor
manufacturer specifically approves operation at the higher frequency.
Action
Press the

FUNC.

Press the

FUNC.

Press the

FUNC.

Display

Func./Parameter

d 01

Monitor functions

d 01

“A” Group selected

key.

A 01

First “A” parameter

key twice.

A 03

Base frequency setting

key.
or

keys until ->

key.

Default value for base frequency.
US = 60 Hz, Europe = 50 Hz.

50
Press the

Press the

STR

key.

key as needed.

60
A 03

Set to your motor specs (your
display may be different)
Stores parameter, returns to “A”
Group list

TIP: If you need to scroll through a function or parameter list, press and hold the
2 key to auto-increment through the list.

L100 Inverter

2–25

Select the Potentiometer for Speed Command - The motor speed may be controlled
from the following sources:
• Potentiometer on front panel keypad
• Control terminals
• Remote panel
Then follow the steps in the table below to select the potentiometer for the speed
command (the table resumes action from the end of the previous table).
Display

key twice.

A 01

Func./Parameter
Speed command source setting

Press the

FUNC.

key.

0 = potentiometer
1 = control terminals (default)
2 = keypad

Press the

key.

0 = potentiometer (selected)

Press the

STR

key.

A 01

Stores parameter, returns to “A”
Group list

Select the Keypad for the RUN Command - The RUN command causes the inverter to
accelerate the motor to the selected speed. You can program the inverter to respond to
either the control terminal signal or the keypad RUN key.
Follow the steps in the table below to select the front panel RUN key as the source for
the RUN Command (the table resumes action from the end of the previous table).
Action

Display

Func./Parameter

Press the

key.

A 02

Press the

FUNC.

key.

1 = control terminals (default)
2 = keypad

Press the

key.

2 = keypad (selected)

Press the

STR

key.

A 02

Run command source

Stores parameter, returns to “A”
Group list

NOTE: When you press the STR key in the last step above (and the display = 02), the
Run Enable LED above the RUN switch on the keypad will turn ON. This is normal, and
does not mean the motor is trying to run. It means that the RUN key is now enabled.
DO NOT press the RUN key at this time—finish out the programming exercise first.
TIP: If you became lost during any of these steps, first observe the state of the PRG
LED. Then study the “Keypad Navigational Map” on page 2–23 to determine the current
state of the keypad controls and display. As long as you do not press the STR key, no
parameters will be changed by keypad entry errors.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

Action

2–26

Using the Front Panel Keypad

Monitoring Parameters with the Display

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

After using the keypad for parameter editing,
it’s a good idea to switch the inverter from
Program Mode to Monitor Mode and close
the panel door (puts the keys for parameter
editing out of sight). This will also turn out
the PRG LED, and the Hertz or Ampere LED
indicates the display units.

HITACHI
RUN
PRG

RUN

POWER

5 0.0

Hz
A

STOP

RESET
MIN

MAX

For the powerup test, monitor the motor speed indirectly by viewing the inverter’s output
frequency. The output frequency must not be confused with base frequency (50/60 Hz)
of the motor, or the carrier frequency (switching frequency of the inverter, in the kHz
range). The monitoring functions are in the “D” list, located near the top left of the
“Keypad Navigational Map” on page 2–23.
Output frequency (speed) monitor - Resuming the keypad programming from the
previous table, follow the steps in the table below.
Action
Press the

FUNC.

Press the

FUNC.

Display

Func./Parameter

key.

A --

“A” Group selected

key three times.

d 01

Output frequency selected

key.

0.0

Output frequency displayed

When the d 0 1 function code appeared, the PRG LED went OFF. This confirms the
inverter is no longer in programming mode, even while you are selecting the particular
monitoring parameter. After pressing the Function key, the display shows the current
speed (is zero at this point).

Running the Motor
If you have programmed all the parameters up to this point, you’re ready to run the
motor! First, review this checklist:
1. Verify the Power LED is ON. If not, check the power connections.
2. Verify the Run Key Enable LED is ON. If not, review the programming steps to find
the problem.
3. Verify the PRG LED is OFF. If it is ON, review the instructions above.
4. Make sure the motor is disconnected from any mechanical load.
5. Turn the potentiometer to the MIN position (completely counterclockwise).
6. Now, press the RUN key on the keypad. The RUN LED will turn ON.
7. Slowly increase the potentiometer setting in clockwise fashion. The motor should
start turning when the indicator is in the 9:00 position and beyond.
8. Press the STOP key to stop the motor rotation.

L100 Inverter

2–27

Powerup Test Observations and Summary
Step 10: Reading this section will help you make some useful observations when first
10 running the motor.
Error Codes - If the inverter displays an error code (format is “E x x”), see “Monitoring
Trip Events, History, & Conditions” on page 6–5 to interpret and clear the error.
Acceleration and Deceleration - The L100 inverter has programmable acceleration and
deceleration values. The test procedure left these at the default value, 10 seconds. You
can observe this by setting the potentiometer at about half speed before running the
motor. Then press RUN, and the motor will take 5 seconds to reach a steady speed. Press
the STOP key to see a 5 second deceleration to a stop.

Interpreting the Display - First, refer to the output frequency display readout. The
maximum frequency setting (parameter A_04) defaults to 50 Hz or 60 Hz (Europe and
United States, respectively) for your application.
Example: Suppose a 4-pole motor is rated for 60 Hz operation, so the inverter is configured to output 60 Hz at full scale. Use the following formula to calculate the RPM.
× 60 = Frequency
× 120 = 60
× 120- = 1800RPM
Speed in RPM = Frequency
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pairs of poles
# of poles
4
The theoretical speed for the motor is 1800 RPM (speed of torque vector rotation).
However, the motor cannot generate torque unless its shaft turns at a slightly different
speed. This difference is called slip. So it’s common to see a rated speed of approximately 1750 RPM on a 60 Hz, 4-pole motor. Using a tachometer to measure shaft speed,
you can see the difference between the inverter output frequency and the actual motor
speed. The slip increases slightly as the motor’s load increases. This is why the inverter
output value is called “frequency,” since it is not exactly equal to motor speed. You can
program the inverter to display output frequency in units more directly related to the load
speed by entering a constant (discussed more in depth on page 3–29).
Run/Stop Versus Monitor/Program Modes – The
Run LED on the inverter is ON in Run Mode, and
OFF in Stop Mode. The Program LED is ON when
the inverter is in Program Mode, and OFF for
Monitor Mode. All four mode combinations are
possible. The diagram to the right depicts the modes
and the mode transitions via keypad.

STOP

Run

RESET

Stop
RUN

FUNC.

Monitor

Program

NOTE: Some factory automation devices such as PLCs have alternate Run/Program
modes; the device is in either one mode or the other. In the Hitachi inverter, however,
Run Mode alternates with Stop Mode, and Program Mode alternates with Monitor
Mode. This arrangement lets you program some values while the inverter is operating—
providing flexibility for maintenance personnel.

Inverter Mounting
and Installation

State of Inverter at Stop - If you adjust the motor’s speed to zero, the motor will slow to
a near stop, and the inverter turns the outputs OFF. The high-performance L100 can
rotate at a very slow speed with high torque output, but not zero (must use servo systems
with position feedback for that feature). This characteristic means you must use a
mechanical brake for some applications.

Configuring
Drive Parameters
In This Chapter....

3
page

— Choosing a Programming Device ................... 2
— Using Keypad Devices .................................... 3
— “D” Group: Monitoring Functions..................... 6
— “F” Group: Main Profile Parameters ................ 8
— “A” Group: Standard Functions ....................... 9
— “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions ................. 22
— “C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions...... 32

3–2

Choosing a Programming Device

Choosing a Programming Device
Introduction
Hitachi variable frequency drives (inverters) use the latest electronics technology for
getting the right AC waveform to the motor at the right time. The benefits are many,
including energy savings and higher machine output or productivity. The flexibility
required to handle a broad range of applications has required ever more configurable
options and parameters—inverters are now a complex industrial automation component.
And this can make a product seem difficult to use, but the goal of this chapter is to make
this easier for you.
As the powerup test in Chapter 2 demonstrated, you do not have to program very many
parameters to run the motor. In fact, most applications would benefit only from programming just a few, specific parameters. This chapter will explain the purpose of each set of
parameters, and help you choose the ones that are important to your application.

Configuring
Drive Parameters

If you are developing a new application for the inverter and a motor, finding the right
parameters to change is mostly an exercise in optimization. Therefore, it is okay to begin
running the motor with a loosely tuned system. By making specific, individual changes
and observing their effects, you can achieve a finely tuned system.

Introduction to Inverter Programming
The front panel keypad is the first and best way to get to know the inverter’s capabilities.
Every function or programmable parameter is accessible from the keypad. The other
devices simply imitate the keypad’s layout and inverter access, while adding another
valuable aspect to the system. For example, the Copy Unit can transfer one inverter’s
parameter settings to another inverter, while still providing standard operator keypad
control. In this way, you can use a variety of programming devices with basically the
same keypad skills. The following table shows various programming options, the
features unique to each device, and the cables required.

Device
Inverter keypad

Part
Number
—

Parameter
Access

Parameter
setting
storage

Cables (choose one)
Part number

Length

Monitor and
program

EEPROM in
inverter

—

DOP Professional
Software (for PC)

DOP–PRO

Monitor and
program

PC hard drive
or diskette

(Included with
software)

2 meters

Digital Operator/
Copy Unit

SRW–0EX

Monitor and
program

EEPROM in
operator panel

ICS–1

1 meter

ICS–3

3 meters

Operator Monitor

OPE–J

Monitor only

none on
operator
monitor

ICJ–1L

1 meter

ICJ–3L

3 meters

L100 Inverter

3–3

Using Keypad Devices
Inverter Front Panel Keypad
The L100 Series inverter front keypad contains all the elements for both monitoring and
programming parameters. The keypad layout is pictured below. All other programming
devices for the inverter have a similar key arrangement and function.
Power LED

Parameter Display
POWER

HITACHI

Run/Stop LED

RUN

Program/Monitor LED
Run Key Enable LED

PRG

RUN

5 0.0

Hz
A

Potentiometer Enable LED

STOP

RESET
MAX

MIN

Run Key
Stop/Reset Key

FUNC. 1

Function key

Display Units
Hertz / Amperes LEDs

STR

Up/Down keys

Potentiometer
Store key

Key and Indicator Legend

• Program/Monitor LED - This LED is ON when the inverter is ready for parameter
editing (Program Mode). It is OFF when the parameter display is monitoring data
(Monitor Mode).
• Run Key Enable LED - is ON when the inverter is ready to respond to the Run key,
OFF when the Run key is disabled.
• Run Key - Press this key to run the motor (the Run Enable LED must be ON first).
Parameter F_04, Keypad Run Key Routing, determines whether the Run key generates a Run FWD or Run REV command.
• Stop/Reset Key - Press this key to stop the motor when it is running (uses the
programmed deceleration rate). This key will also reset an alarm that has tripped.
• Potentiometer - Allows an operator to directly set the motor speed when the potentiometer is enabled for output frequency control.
• Potentiometer Enable LED - ON when the potentiometer is enabled for value entry.
• Parameter Display - A 4-digit, 7-segment display for parameters and function codes.
• Display Units, Hertz/Amperes - One of these LEDs will be ON to indicate the units
associated with the parameter display.
• Power LED - This LED is ON when the power input to the inverter is ON.
• Function Key - This key is used to navigate through the lists of parameters and
functions for setting and monitoring parameter values.
• Up/Down ( 1 , 2 ) Keys - Use these keys alternately to move up or down the lists of
parameter and functions shown in the display, and increment/decrement values.
• Store ( STR ) Key - When the unit is in Program Mode and you have edited a parameter
value, press the Store key to write the new value to the EEPROM.

Configuring
Drive Parameters

• Run/Stop LED - ON when the inverter output is ON and the motor is developing
torque (Run Mode), and OFF when the inverter output is OFF (Stop Mode).

3–4

Using Keypad Devices

Keypad Navigational Map
You can use the inverter’s front panel keypad to navigate to any parameter or function.
The diagram below shows the basic navigational map to access these items.
Monitor Mode

Program Mode

PRG LED=OFF
Display Data

0 0 0.0
FUNC.

d 09

PRG LED=ON
Select Parameter

powerdown

Select
Function
or Group

Store as
powerup
default

C 91
1

Configuring
Drive Parameters

FUNC.

1 2 3.4

F 04

FUNC.

2
STR

A 01

Edit

A 98

A -1

b 01

b - 1

b 92

C -1

Increment/
decrement
value

C 01

d 01
1

Edit Parameter

Write
data to
EEPROM

FUNC.

F 01

Return to
parameter
list

NOTE: The inverter 7-segment display shows lower case “b” and “d,” meaning the same
as the upper case letters “B” and “D” used in this manual (for uniformity “A to F”).
NOTE: The Store Key saves the edited parameter (shown in the display) to the inverter’s
EEPROM. Upload or download of parameters to/from external devices is accomplished
through a different command—do not confuse Store with Download or Upload.

3–5

L100 Inverter

Operational Modes
The RUN and PGM LEDs tell just part of the story;
Run Mode and Program Modes are independent
modes, not opposite modes. In the state diagram to
the right, Run alternates with Stop, and Program
Mode alternates with Monitor Mode. This is a very
important ability, for it shows that a technician can
approach a running machine and change some
parameters without shutting down the machine.
The occurrence of a fault during operation will
cause the inverter to enter the Trip Mode as shown.
An event such as an output overload will cause the
inverter to exit the Run Mode and turn OFF its
output to the motor. In the Trip Mode, any request
to run the motor is ignored. You must clear the
error by pressing the Stop/Reset switch. See page
“Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions”
on page 6–5.

STOP

RESET

Run

Stop

RUN

FUNC.

Monitor

Program

STOP

RESET

Run

Stop
RUN
STOP

RESET

Fault
Trip

Fault

Run Mode Edits

The parameter tables in this chapter have a column titled “Run
Mode Edit.” An Ex mark ✘ means the parameter cannot be
edited; a Check mark ✔ means the parameter can be edited.
The Software Lock Setting (parameter B_31) determines when
the Run Mode access permission is in effect and access
permission in other conditions, as well. It is the responsibility
of the user to choose a useful and safe software lock setting for
the inverter operating conditions and personnel. Please refer to
“Software Lock Mode” on page 3–26 for more information.

Run
Mode
Edit
✘
✔

Control Algorithms
The motor control program in the L100
inverter has two PWM sinusoidal switching
algorithms. The intent is that you select the
best algorithm for the motor characteristics
in your application. Both algorithms
generate the frequency output in a unique
way. Once configured, the algorithm is the
basis for other parameter settings as well
(see “Torque Control Algorithms” on
page 3–13). Therefore, choose the best
algorithm early in your application design
process.

Inverter Control Algorithms

Variable freq. control,
constant torque

Output
Variable freq. control,
reduced torque

Configuring
Drive Parameters

The inverter can be in Run Mode (inverter output is controlling motor) and still allow
you to edit certain parameters. This is useful in applications that must run continuously,
yet need some inverter parameter adjustment.

3–6

“D” Group: Monitoring Functions

“D” Group: Monitoring Functions
Parameter Monitoring Functions
You can access important system parameter values with the “D” Group monitoring
functions, whether the inverter is in Run Mode or Stop Mode. After selecting the
function code number for the parameter you want to monitor, press the Function key
once to show the value on the display. In Functions D_05 and D_06, the intelligent
terminals use individual segments of the display to show ON/OFF status.
If the inverter display is set to monitor a parameter and powerdown occurs, the inverter
stores the present monitor function setting. For your convenience, the display automatically returns to the previously monitored parameter upon the next powerup.
“D” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

D_01 Output frequency
monitor

Configuring
Drive Parameters

0000.00Hz

D_02 Output current monitor
Im 0.0A

0.0%

D_03 Rotation direction
monitor
Dir

STOP

D_04 Process variable (PV),
PID feedback monitor
PID-FB

0000.00%

D_05 Intelligent input
terminal status
TERM

Run
Mode
Edit

Range
and
Units

Real-time display of output
frequency to motor, from 0.0 to
360.0 Hz

—

0.0 to
360.0 Hz

Filtered display of output
current to motor (100 ms
internal filter time constant)

—

Three different indications:
“F”..... Forward
“| |” .. Stop
“r”..... Reverse

—

Displays the scaled PID
process variable (feedback)
value (A_75 is scale factor)

—

Displays the state of the intelligent input terminals:

—

Description

LLL LLLLLL

ON
OFF
6 5 4 3 2 1
Terminal numbers

D_06 Intelligent output
terminal status
TERM

Displays the state of the intelligent output terminals:

LLL LLLLLL

ON
OFF
AL 12 11
Terminal numbers

L100 Inverter

“D” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

D_07 Scaled output frequency Displays the output frequency
monitor
scaled by the constant in B_86.
Decimal point indicates range:
/Hz01.0
0.00 XX.XX 0.01 to 99.99
XXX.X 100.0 to 999.9
XXXX. 1000 to 9999
XXXX 10000 to 99990

Run
Mode
Edit

Range
and
Units

—

3–7

Trip Event and History Monitoring
The trip event and history monitoring feature lets you cycle through related information
using the keypad. See “Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions” on page 6–5 for
more details.
“D” Function
Name /
SRW Display

ERR1
EEPROM
ERR1
0.0Hz
ERR1
0.0A
ERR1
324.3Vdc
ERR1 RUN 000000H
D_09 Trip history monitor
ERR2
EEPROM
ERR2
0.0Hz
ERR2
0.0A
ERR2
330.0Vdc
ERR2 RUN 000000H
ERR3
EEPROM
ERR3
0.0Hz
ERR3
0.0A
ERR3
328.7Vdc
ERR3 RUN 000000H
Cumulative operation
RUN time monitor
RUN
—

000000H

Trip count
ERROR COUNT

Displays the current trip event.
information.

—

Displays the previous two
events and their causes.

—

Displays total time the inverter
has been in RUN mode in
hours.

—

hours

Displays cumulative number of
trip events.

—

trips

Description

D_08 Trip event monitor

—

Range
and
Units

009

Configuring
Drive Parameters

Func.
Code

Run
Mode
Edit

3–8

“F” Group: Main Profile Parameters

“F” Group: Main Profile Parameters
The basic frequency (speed) profile is
Output
defined by parameters contained in the “F” frequency
F 02
F 03
Group as shown to the right. The set
running frequency is in Hz, but acceleraF 01
tion and deceleration are specified in the
time duration of the ramp (from zero to
maximum frequency, or from maximum
0
frequency to zero). The motor direction
t
parameter determines whether the keypad
Run key produces a FWD or REV command. This parameter does not affect the intelligent terminal [FWD] and [REV] functions, which you configure separately.
Acceleration 1 and Deceleration 1 are the standard default accel and decel values for the
main profile. Accel and decel values for an alternative profile are specified by using
parameters A_92 through A_93. The motor direction selection (F_04) determines the
direction of rotation as commanded only from the keypad.

Configuring
Drive Parameters

“F” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

F_01 Output frequency
setting
TM 000.0

0.0Hz

F_02 Acceleration 1 time
setting
ACC 1

–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Standard default target
frequency that determines
constant motor speed,
range is 0 to 360 Hz

✔

0.0

Standard default acceleration,
range is 0.1 to 3000 sec.

✔

10.0

sec.

Standard default deceleration,
range is 0.1 to 3000 sec.

✔

10.0

sec.

Two options; select codes:
00... Forward
01... Reverse

✘

—

0010.0s

F_04 Keypad Run key
routing
INIT DOPE

Defaults

0010.0s

F_03 Deceleration 1 time
setting
DEC 1

Description

Run
Mode –FE
Edit (CE)

FWD

3–9

L100 Inverter

“A” Group: Standard Functions
Basic Parameter Settings
These settings affect the most fundamental behavior of the inverter—the outputs to the
motor. The frequency of the inverter’s AC output determines the motor speed. You may
select from three different sources for the reference speed. During application development you may prefer using the potentiometer, but you may switch to an external source
(control terminal setting) in the finished application, for example.
The base frequency and maximum frequency settings interact according to the graph
below (left). The inverter output operation follows the constant V/f curve until it reaches
the full-scale output voltage. This initial straight line is the constant-torque part of the
operating characteristic. The horizontal line over to the maximum frequency serves to let
the motor run faster, but at a reduced torque. If you want the motor to output constant
torque over its entire operating range (limited to the motor nameplate voltage and
frequency rating), then set the base frequency and maximum frequency equal as shown
(below right).
A 03
V
100%

A 03

V
100%

A 04

A 04
Constant torque

f
Base
Frequency

“A” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

A_01 Frequency source
setting
F-SET-SELECT TRM
A_02 Run command source
setting
F/R SELECT TRM
A_03 Base frequency setting
F-BASE

060Hz

A_04 Maximum frequency
setting
F-MAX

060Hz

Maximum
Frequency

Base frequency =
maximum frequency

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Three options; select codes:
00 ...Keypad potentiometer
01 ...Control terminal
02 ...Function F01 setting

✘

—

Two options; select codes:
01 ...Control terminal
02 ...Run key on keypad, or
digital operator

✘

—

Settable from 50 Hz to the
maximum frequency

✘

50.0

60.0

Settable from the base
frequency up to 360 Hz

✘

50.0

60.0

Description

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Configuring
Drive Parameters

3–10

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Analog Input Settings
The inverter has the capability to accept an external analog input that can command the
output frequency to the motor. Voltage input (0 –10V) and current input (4–20mA) are
available on separate terminals ([O] and [OI], respectively). Terminal [L] serves as
signal ground for the two analog inputs. The analog input settings adjust the curve
characteristics between the analog input and the frequency output.
In the graph below (left), A_13 and A_14 select the active portion of the input voltage or
current range. The parameters A_11 and A_12 select the start and end frequency of the
converted output frequency range, respectively. Together, these four parameters define a
line segment as shown (below, right). When the line does not begin at the origin, A_15
defines whether the inverter outputs 0Hz or the A_11 frequency when the analog input
value is less than the A_13 setting (determines the non-linear part of the translation).
Frequency

Frequency

A 12

A 12
A_15 = 00

Configuring
Drive Parameters

A 11
0
0V A 13
A 14 10V
4mA
20mA
% Input scale

A 11
%

“A” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

A_11 O–L input active range
start frequency
IN EXS

000.0Hz

A_12 O–L input active range
end frequency
IN EXE

000.0Hz

A_13 O–L input active range
start voltage
IN EX%S

0V A 13
A 14 10V
4mA
20mA
% Input scale

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

The output frequency corresponding to the analog input
range starting point

✘

0.0

The output frequency corresponding to the analog input
range ending point

✘

0.0

The starting point (offset) for
the active analog input range

✘

The ending point (offset) for
the active analog input range

✘

100

Two options; select codes:
00 ...Use offset (A_11 value)
01 ...Use 0 Hz

✘

—

Description

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

100%

A_15 O–L input start
frequency enable
IN LEVEL

000%

A_14 O–L input active range
end voltage
IN EX%E

A_15 = 01

0Hz

L100 Inverter

“A” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

A_16 External frequency
filter time constant
IN F-SAMP

Range n = 1 to 8, where n =
number of samples for avg.

3–11

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

✘

–FR
Units
(Jpn)
8

Samples

Configuring
Drive Parameters

3–12

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Multi-speed and Jog Frequency Setting
The L100 inverter has the capability to store and output up to 16 preset frequencies to
the motor (A_20 to A_35). As in traditional motion terminology, we call this multispeed profile capability. These preset frequencies are selected by means of digital inputs
to the inverter. The inverter applies the current acceleration or deceleration setting to
change from the current output frequency to the new one.
The jog speed setting is used whenever the Jog command is active. The jog speed setting
range is arbitrarily limited to 10 Hz, to provide safety during manual operation. The
acceleration to the jog frequency is instantaneous, but you can choose from three modes
for the best method for stopping the jog operation.
“A” Function
Func.
Code

SPD FS

Configuring
Drive Parameters

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Defines the first speed of a
multi-speed profile, range is
0 to 360 Hz

✔

Defines 15 more speeds,
range is 0 to 360 Hz.
A_21= Speed 2...
A_35 = Speed 16

✔

see
next
row

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

5
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

✔

1.0

✘

—

Name /
SRW Display

Description

A_20 Multi-speed frequency
setting
000.0Hz

A_21 Multi-speed frequency
to
settings
A_35
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD
SPD

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz
000.0Hz

A_38 Jog frequency setting
Jogging

01.00Hz

A_39 Jog stop mode
Jog Mode

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

A_21
A_22
A_23
A_24
A_25
A_26
A_27
A_28
A_29
A_30
A_31
A_32
A_33
A_34
A_35
Defines limited speed for jog,
range is 0.5 to 9.99 Hz

Define how end of jog stops
the motor; three options:
0 00 ...Free-run stop
01 ...Controlled deceleration
02 ...DC braking to stop

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

3–13

L100 Inverter

Torque Control Algorithms
The inverter generates the motor output
according to the V/f algorithm selected.
Parameter A_44 selects the inverter algorithm
for generating the frequency output, as shown
in the diagram to the right. The factory
default is 00 (constant torque).

Inverter Torque Control Algorithms
A44
V/f control,
constant torque

00
Output

Review the following description to help you
choose the best torque control algorithm for
your application.

V/f control,
variable torque

• The built-in V/f curves are oriented toward developing constant torque or variable
torque characteristics (see graphs below). You can select either constant torque or
reduced torque V/f control.
Constant and Variable (Reduced) Torque – The graph below (left) shows the constant
torque characteristic from 0Hz to the base frequency A_03. The voltage remains
constant for output frequencies higher than the base frequency. The graph below (right)
shows the general variable (reduced) torque curve. The range from 0Hz to the base
frequency is the variable characteristic.
V
100%

A_44 = 00 Constant torque

0
Base
freq.

Max.
freq.

A_44 = 01

Variable torque

0
Base
freq.

Hz
Max.
freq.

Torque Boost – The Constant and
A_42 = 11
V
Variable Torque algorithms feature an
100%
adjustable torque boost curve. When the
Torque boost
motor load has a lot of inertia or starting
A
friction, you may need to increase the low
11.8%
frequency starting torque characteristics
by boosting the voltage above the normal
V/f ratio (shown at right). The boost is
0
applied from zero to 1/2 the base
6.0Hz 30.0Hz
f base =
frequency. You set the breakpoint of the
60Hz
A_43 = 10 (%)
boost (point A on the graph) by using
parameters A_42 and A_43. The manual boost is calculated as an addition to the
standard straight V/f line (constant torque curve).

Be aware that running the motor at a low speed for a long time can cause motor
overheating. This is particularly true when manual torque boost is ON, or if the motor
relies on a built-in fan for cooling.

Configuring
Drive Parameters

V
100%

3–14

“A” Group: Standard Functions
Voltage Gain – Using parameter A_45 you can
V
modify the voltage gain of the inverter (see
100%
graph at right). This is specified as a percentage of the full scale setting (Automatic Voltage
Regulation) AVR level in parameter F_03. The 50%
gain can be set from 50% to 100%. It should be
adjusted in accordance with the motor specifi0
cations.

Voltage Gain

A 45

The following table shows the methods of
torque control selection.
“A” Function
Func.
Code

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Two options:
00 ...Manual torque boost
01 ...Automatic torque boost

✘

—

Can boost starting torque
between 0 and 99% above
normal V/f curve, from 0 to
1/2 base frequency

✔

—

Sets the frequency of the V/f
breakpoint A in graph (top of
previous page) for torque boost

✔

10.0

Two available V/f curves;
three select codes:
00 ...Constant torque
SLV 01 ...Reduced torque

✘

—

Sets voltage gain of the
inverter from 50 to 100%

✔

100

Name /
SRW Display

Description

A_41 Torque boost method
selection
V-Boost

Mode

Configuring
Drive Parameters

A_42 Manual torque boost
value
V-Boost

code 11

A_43 Manual torque boost
frequency adjustment
V-Boost

F 10.0%

A_44 V/f characteristic curve
selection
CONTROL
A_45 V/f gain setting
V-Gain

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

100%

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

L100 Inverter

3–15

DC Braking Settings
The DC braking feature can provide
+
Running
Free run DC braking
additional stopping torque when
compared to a normal deceleration to a
stop. DC braking is particularly useful
0
at low speeds when normal decelerat
tion torque is minimal. When you
A 53
A 55
enable DC braking, the inverter injects –
a DC voltage into the motor windings
during deceleration below a frequency you can specify (A_52). The braking power
(A_54) and duration (A_55) can both be set. You can optionally specify a wait time
before DC braking (A_53), during which the motor will free run (coast).
CAUTION: Be careful to avoid specifying a braking time that is long enough to cause
motor overheating. If you use DC braking, we recommend using a motor with a built-in
thermistor, and wiring it to the inverter’s thermistor input (see “Thermistor Thermal
Protection” on page 4–20). Also refer to the motor manufacturer’s specifications for
duty-cycle recommendations during DC braking.
“A” Function
Name /
SRW Display

A_51 DC braking enable
DCB SW

00.5Hz

A_53 DC braking wait time
DCB WAIT

0.0s

A_54 DC braking during
deceleration
DCB V

✘

—

The frequency at which DC
braking occurs,
range is 0.5 to 10 Hz

✘

0.5

The delay from the end of Run
command to start of DC
braking (motor free runs until
DC braking begins)

✘

0.0

sec.

Applied level of DC braking
force, settable from 0 to 100%

✘

Sets the duration for DC
braking, range is 0.1 to 60.0
seconds

✘

0.0

sec.

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

000

A_55 DC braking time for
deceleration
DCB T

–FU
(UL)

Two options; select codes:
00 ...Disable
OFF 01 ...Enable

A_52 DC braking frequency
setting
DCB F

–FE
(CE)

Description

00.0s

Configuring
Drive Parameters

Func.
Code

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

3–16

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Frequency-related Functions
Frequency Limits – Upper and lower
Output
limits can be imposed on the inverter
frequency
output frequency. These limits will apply
regardless of the source of the speed refer- A 61 Upper
limit
ence. You can configure the lower
frequency limit to be greater than zero as
shown in the graph to the right. The upper
Lower
limit must not exceed the rating of the
A 62
limit
motor or capability of the machinery.
0

“A” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Configuring
Drive Parameters

A_61 Frequency upper limit
setting
LIMIT H

000.0Hz

A_62 Frequency lower limit
setting
LIMIT L

000.0Hz

Settable
range

Frequency command

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Sets a limit on output
frequency less than the
maximum frequency (A_04)
Range is 0.5 to 360.0 Hz
0.0 ..setting is disabled
>0.1 setting is enabled

✘

0.0

Sets a limit on output
frequency greater than zero
Range is 0.5 to 360.0 Hz
0.0 ..setting is disabled
>0.1 setting is enabled

✘

0.0

Description

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

L100 Inverter

3–17

Jump Frequencies – Some motors or machines exhibit resonances at particular
speed(s), which can be destructive for prolonged running at those speeds. The inverter
has up to three jump frequencies as shown in the graph. The hysteresis around the jump
frequencies causes the inverter output to skip around the sensitive frequency values
Output
frequency
A 68
A 68

A 67
Jump frequencies
A 66
A 66

A 65

Hysteresis values

A 64
A 64

A 63
0

Frequency command

“A” Function
Name /
SRW Display

Description

Defaults
–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

A_63, Jump (center)
A_65, frequency setting
A_67
JUMP F1 000.0Hz
JUMP F2 000.0Hz
JUMP F3 000.0Hz

Up to 3 output frequencies can
be defined for the output to
jump past to avoid motor
resonances (center frequency)
Range is 0.0 to 360.0 Hz

✘

0.0
0.0
0.0

A_64, Jump (hysteresis)
A_66, frequency width setting
A_68
JUMP W1 00.50Hz
JUMP W2 00.50Hz
JUMP W3 00.50Hz

Defines the distance from the
center frequency at which the
jump around occurs
Range is 0.0 to 10.0 Hz

✘

0.5
0.5
0.5

Configuring
Drive Parameters

Func.
Code

Run
Mode –FE
Edit (CE)

3–18

“A” Group: Standard Functions

PID Control
When enabled, the built-in PID loop calculates an ideal inverter output value to cause a
loop feedback process variable (PV) to move closer in value to the setpoint (SP). The
current frequency command serves as the SP. The PID loop algorithm will read the
analog input for the process variable (you specify the current or voltage input) and calculate the output.
• A scale factor in A_75 lets you multiply the PV by a factor, converting it into
engineering units for the process.
• Proportional, integral, and derivative gains are all adjustable.
• See “PID Loop Operation” on page 4–32 for more information.
“A” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

A_71 PID Enable

Configuring
Drive Parameters

PID SW

OFF

A_72 PID proportional gain
PID P

1.0

A_73 PID integral time
constant
PID I

01.00

A_76 PV source setting
PID INPT

–FU
(UL)

Enables PID function,
two option codes:
00 ...PID Disable
01 ...PID Enable

✘

—

Proportional gain has a range
of 0.2 to 5.0

✘

1.0

—

Integral time constant has a
range of 0.0 to 150 seconds

✘

1.0

sec.

Derivative time constant has a
range of 0.0 to 100 seconds

✘

0.0

sec.

Process Variable (PV) scale
factor (multiplier), range of
0.01 to 99.99

✘

1.00

—

Selects source of Process
Variable (PV), option codes:
00 ...[OI] terminal (current in)
01 ...[O] terminal (voltage in)

✘

—

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

00.0

A_75 PV scale conversion
PID CONV

–FE
(CE)

Description

001.0s

A_74 PID derivative time
constant
PID D

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

CUR

NOTE: The setting A_73 for the integrator is the integrator’s time constant Ti, not the
gain. The integrator gain Ki = 1/Ti. When you set A_73 = 0, the integrator is disabled.

L100 Inverter

3–19

Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) Function
The automatic voltage regulation (AVR) feature keeps the inverter output waveform at a
relatively constant amplitude during power input fluctuations. This can be useful if the
installation is subject to input voltage fluctuations. However, the inverter cannot boost
its motor output to a voltage higher than the power input voltage. If you enable this
feature, be sure to select the proper voltage class setting for your motor.
“A” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

A_81 AVR function select
AVR MODE

Automatic (output) voltage
regulation, selects from three
DOFF type of AVR functions, three
option codes:
00 ...AVR enabled
01 ...AVR disabled
02 ...AVR enabled except
during deceleration

A_82 AVR voltage select
AVR AC

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

✘

—

✘

230/
400

230/
460

200/
400

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Configuring
Drive Parameters

200V class inverter settings:
.......200/220/230/240
230V 400V class inverter settings:
.......380/400/415/440/460

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

3–20

“A” Group: Standard Functions

Second Acceleration and Deceleration Functions
The L100 inverter features two-stage acceleration and deceleration ramps. This gives
flexibility in the profile shape. You can specify the frequency transition point, the point
at which the standard acceleration (F_02) or deceleration (F_03) changes to the second
acceleration (A_92) or deceleration (A_93). Select a transition frequency method via
A_94 as depicted below.
A_94 = 00 Transition via 2CH input
Output
frequency

A_94 = 01 Transition via freq. level
Output
frequency

Accel 2

A 95

Accel 1

0
2CH
input

Frequency
transition point

0
t

1
0

Configuring
Drive Parameters

“A” Function

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Duration of 2nd segment of
acceleration, range is:
0.1 to 3000 sec.

✔

15.0

sec.

Duration of 2nd segment of
deceleration, range is:
0.1 to 3000 sec.

✔

15.0

sec.

A_94 Select method to switch Two options for switching
to Acc2/Dec2 profile
from 1st to 2nd accel/decel:
00 ...2CH input from terminal
ACC CHG
TM 01 ...transition frequency

✘

—

A_95 Acc1 to Acc2 frequency Output frequency at which
transition point
Accel1 switches to Accel2,
range is 0.0 to 360.0 Hz
ACC CHFr 000.0Hz

✘

0.0

A_96 Dec1 to Dec2 frequency Output frequency at which
transition point
Decel1 switches to Decel2,
range is 0.0 to 360.0 Hz
DEC CHFr 000.0Hz

✘

0.0

Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

A_92 Acceleration (2) time
setting
ACC 2

0015.0s

A_93 Deceleration (2) time
setting
DEC 2

0015.0s

Description

NOTE: For A_95 and A_96, if you set a very rapid Acc1 or Dec1 time (less than 1.0
second), the inverter may not be able to change rates to Acc2 or Dec2 before reaching
the target frequency. In that case, the inverter decreases the rate of Acc1 or Dec1 in order
to achieve the second ramp to the target frequency.

L100 Inverter

3–21

Accel/Decel
Standard acceleration and deceleration is
linear. The inverter CPU can also calculate
an S-curve acceleration or deceleration
curve as shown. This profile is useful for
favoring the load characteristics in particular applications.

Output
frequency

Accel. curve selection

Target
freq.

Curve settings for acceleration and deceleration are independently selected. To
enable the S-curve, use function A_97
(acceleration) and A_98 (deceleration).

Linear A_97 = 00
S-curve

A_97 = 01

0
t

Acceleration period

“A” Function
Func.
Code

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

✘

—

Set the characteristic curve of
Acc1 and Acc2, two options:
00 ...linear
01 ...S-curve

✘

—

Set the characteristic curve of
Acc1 and Acc2, two options:
00 ...linear
01 ...S-curve

Name /
SRW Display

Description

A_97 Acceleration curve
selection

A_98 Deceleration curve
selection
DEC LINE

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Configuring
Drive Parameters

ACCEL LINE

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

3–22

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions
The “B” Group of functions and parameters adjust some of the more subtle but useful
aspects of motor control and system configuration.

Automatic Restart Mode
The restart mode determines how the inverter will resume operation after a fault causes a
trip event. The four options provide advantages for various situations. Frequency
matching allows the inverter to read the motor speed by virtue of its residual magnetic
flux and restart the output at the corresponding frequency. The inverter can attempt a
restart a certain number of times depending on the particular trip event:
• Over-current trip, restart up to 3 times
• Over-voltage trip, restart up to 3 times
• Under-voltage trip, restart up to 16 times

Configuring
Drive Parameters

When the inverter reaches the maximum number of restarts (3 or 16), you must powercycle the inverter to reset its operation.
Other parameters specify the allowable under-voltage level and the delay time before
restarting. The proper settings depend on the typical fault conditions for your application, the necessity of restarting the process in unattended situations, and whether restarting is always safe.
Power failure > allowable power fail
time (B_02), inverter trips

Power failure < allowable power fail
time (B_02), inverter resumes
Input
power
0

Input
power
0

Inverter
output

0
free-running

Motor
speed
0

Power fail
Allowable
power fail time
Retry wait time

B 02

free-running

Motor
speed
0
Power fail
B 02

B 03

Allowable
power fail time

L100 Inverter

“B” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

B_01 Selection of restart
mode
IPS POWR

ALM

B_02 Allowable undervoltage power failure
time
IPS UVTIME 01.0s

IPS WAIT

001.0s

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Select inverter restart method,
four option codes:
00 ...Alarm output after trip,
no automatic restart
01 ...Restart at 0Hz
02 ...Resume operation after
frequency matching
03 ...Resume previous freq.
after freq. matching, then
decelerate to stop and display
trip info.

✘

—

The amount of time a power
input under-voltage can occur
without tripping the power
failure alarm. Range is 0.3 to
25 sec. If under-voltage exists
longer than this time, the
inverter trips, even if the restart
mode is selected.

✘

1.0

sec.

Time delay after under-voltage
condition goes away, before
the inverter runs motor again.
Range is 0.3 to 100 seconds.

✘

1.0

sec.

Description

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Configuring
Drive Parameters

B_03 Retry wait time before
motor restart

3–23

3–24

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

Electronic Thermal Overload Alarm Setting
The thermal overload detection protects the Torque
inverter and motor from overheating due to
Constant torque B_13 = 01
100%
an excessive load. It uses a current/inverse
time curve to determine the trip point.
80%
Reduced
torque
60%
First, use B_13 to select the torque characB_13
= 00
teristic that matches your load. This allows
the inverter to utilize the best thermal
0
Hz
overload characteristic for your application.
5 20
60
120
Output frequency
The torque developed in a motor is directly
proportional to the current in the windings,
which is also proportional to the heat generated (and temperature, over time). Therefore,
you must set the thermal overload threshold in terms of current (amperes) for parameter
B_12. The range is 50% to 120% of the rated current for each inverter model. If the
current exceeds the level you specify, the inverter will trip and log an event (error E05) in
the history table. The inverter turns the motor output OFF when tripped.

Configuring
Drive Parameters

“B” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

B_12 Level of electronic
thermal setting
E-THM LVL 03.00A
B_13 Electronic thermal
characteristic
E-THM CHAR

CRT

Description

Run
Mode
Edit

Set a level between 50% and
120% for the rated inverter
current.

✘

Select from two curves, option
codes:
00 ...Reduced torque
01 ...Constant torque

✘

Defaults
–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Rated current for each
inverter model
*See note
01

—

WARNING: When parameter B_12, level of electronic thermal setting, is set to device
FLA rating (Full Load Ampere nameplate rating), the device provides solid state motor
overload protection at 115% of device FLA or equivalent. Parameter B_12, level of
electronic thermal setting, is a variable parameter.

NOTE: For inverter models 005NFE, 011NFE, and 030HFE, the thermal value is less
than the rated amperes (is the same as models 004NFE, 007NFE, and 040HFE respectively). Therefore, be sure to set the electronic thermal overload according to the actual
motor driven by the particular inverter.

L100 Inverter

3–25

Overload Restriction
If the inverter’s output current exceeds a
preset current level you specify during
acceleration or constant speed, the overload
restriction feature automatically reduces the
output frequency to restrict the overload.
This feature does not generate an alarm or
trip event. You can instruct the inverter to
apply overload restriction only during
constant speed, thus allowing higher
currents for acceleration. Or, you may use
the same threshold for both acceleration and
constant speed. In the case of controlled
deceleration, the inverter monitors both
output current and DC bus voltage. The
inverter will increase output frequency to
try to avoid a trip due to over-current or
over-voltage (due to regeneration).

Motor
Current
Restriction area

B 22
0

t
Output
frequency
0

B 23

“B” Function
Func.
Code

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Select the operating mode
during overload conditions,
three options, option codes:
ON 00 ...Disabled
01 ...Enabled for acceleration
and constant speed
02 ...Enabled for constant
speed only

✘

—

Sets the level for overload
restriction, between 50% and
150% of the rated current of
OLOAD LVL 03.75A the inverter, setting resolution
is 1% of rated current

✘

Rated current x 1.25

✘

1.0

—

Name /
SRW Display

B_21 Overload restriction
operation mode
OLOAD MODE

Description

B_22 Overload restriction
setting

B_23 Deceleration rate at
overload restriction
OLOAD CONST 01.0

Sets the deceleration rate when
inverter detects overload, range
is 0.1 to 30.0, resolution is 0.1.

1.0

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

1.0

Configuring
Drive Parameters

When the inverter detects an overload, it must decelerate the motor to reduce the current
until it is less than the threshold. You can choose the rate of deceleration that the inverter
uses to lower the output current.

3–26

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

Software Lock Mode
The software lock function keeps personnel from accidentally changing parameters in
the inverter memory. Use B_31 to select from various protection levels.

Configuring
Drive Parameters

The table below lists all combinations of B_31 option codes and
Run
the ON/OFF state of the [SFT] input. Each Check ✔ or Ex ✘
Mode
indicates whether the corresponding parameter(s) can be edited.
Edit
The Standard Parameters column below shows access is permit✘
ted for some lock modes. These refer to the parameter tables
✔
throughout this chapter, each of which includes a column titled
Run Mode Edit as shown to the right. The marks (Check ✔ or
Ex ✘) under the “Run Mode Edit” column title indicate whether access applies to each
parameter as defined in the table below. In some lock modes, you can edit only F_01 and
the Multi-speed parameter group that includes A_20, A220, A_21–A_35, and A_38
(Jog). However, it does not include A_19, Multi-speed operation selection. The editing
access to B_31 itself is unique, and is specified in the right-most two columns below.
B_31
Lock
Mode

[SFT]
Intelligent
Input

Standard Parameters

F_01 and
Multi-Speed

B_31

Stop

Run

Stop & Run

Stop

Run

OFF

✔

Run mode
edit access

✔

✘

✔

✘

OFF

✔

Run mode
edit access

✔

✘

✔

✘

(ignored)

✘

✔

✘

(ignored)

✘

✔

✘

NOTE: Since the software lock function B_31 is always accessible, this feature is not
the same as password protection used in other industrial control devices.

L100 Inverter

“B” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

B_31 Software lock mode
selection
S-LOCK

MD1

Description
Prevents parameter changes, in
four options, option codes:
00 ...all parameters except
B_31 are locked when [SFT]
terminal is ON
01 ...all parameters except
B_31 and output frequency
F01 when SFT from terminal is
ON
02 ...all parameters except
B_31 are locked
03 ...all parameters except
B_31 and output frequency
F_01 setting are locked

3–27

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

✘

–FR
Units
(Jpn)
01

—

Configuring
Drive Parameters

NOTE: To disable parameter editing when using B_31 lock modes 00 and 01, assign the
[SFT] function to one of the intelligent input terminals.
See “Software Lock” on page 4–17.

3–28

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

Miscellaneous Settings
The miscellaneous settings include scaling factors, initialization modes, and others. This
section covers some of the most important settings you may need to configure.
B_32: Reactive current setting – The inverter’s D_02 monitor function displays the
motor current. The display accuracy is normally ±20%, provided that the following
conditions exist:
• A single motor with standard frame size and characteristics is connected
• The inverter’s output frequency is at 50% or higher of the maximum output frequency
• The inverter’s output current is within the rated current
However, it will be necessary to calibrate the display accuracy via B_32 adjustment of
the internal no-load reactive motor current if any of these conditions exist:
• The motor is smaller than the standard maximum recommended for the inverter
• The motor is a two-pole motor type

Configuring
Drive Parameters

• Two or more motors are connected in parallel to the inverter (be sure to multiply the
current by the number of motors when setting B_32)
If you do not know the reactive or no-load current for your particular motor, you can
calibrate the L100 as follows:
1. Connect the motor directly across the AC line with no load attached to the shaft.
WARNING: Use a disconnect switch or breaker to ensure that you do not connect the
motor or inverter to live wiring. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.
2. Run the motor, and measure the no-load current with an AC current clamp, recording
the value.
3. Disconnect the motor from the AC line connection, and connect the motor to the
L100 inverter output (still with no load attached).
4. Run the motor at the base frequency (value of parameter A_03), and monitor the
motor current with function D_02.
5. If the D_02 display value does not match the current clamp value recorded in Step 2,
adjust parameter B_32 up or down until the best match is achieved.
NOTE: Parameter setting B_32 affects the inverter’s electronic thermal protection
(B_12 setting) and its overload restriction function (B_22 setting).
B_83: Carrier frequency adjustment – The internal switching frequency of the
inverter circuitry (also called the chopper frequency). It is called the carrier frequency
because the lower AC output frequency of the inverter “rides” the carrier. The faint,
high-pitched sound you hear when the inverter is in Run Mode is characteristic of
switching power supplies in general. The carrier frequency is adjustable from 500 Hz to
16 kHz. The audible sound decreases at the higher frequencies, but RFI noise and
leakage current may be increased. Refer to the specification derating curves in Chapter 1
to determine the maximum allowable carrier frequency setting for your particular
inverter and environmental conditions.

L100 Inverter

3–29

NOTE: When DC braking is performed, the inverter automatically holds the carrier
frequency at 1 kHz.
NOTE: The carrier frequency setting must stay within specified limits for invertermotor applications that must comply with particular regulatory agencies. For example, a
European CE-approved application requires the inverter carrier to be less than 5 kHz.
B_84, B_85: Initialization codes – These functions allow you to restore the factory
default settings. Please refer to “Restoring Factory Default Settings” on page 6–8.
B_86: Frequency display scaling – You can convert the output frequency monitor on
D_01 to a scaled number (engineering units) monitored at function D_07. For example,
the motor may run a conveyor that is monitored in feet per minute. Use this formula:
Scaled output frequency (D_07) = Output frequency (D_01) × Factor (B_86)

“B” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

Run
Mode
Edit

Defaults
–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

✔

58% rated current

B_81 [FM] terminal analog
meter adjustment

Adjust 8-bit gain to analog
meter connected to terminal
[FM], range is 0 to 255

✔

—

Sets the starting frequency for
the inverter output, range is 0.5
to 9.9 Hz

✘

0.5

Sets the PWM carrier (internal
switching frequency), range is
0.5 to 16.0 kHz

✘

5.0

12.0

kHz

Select the type of initialization
to occur, two option codes:
00 ...Trip history clear
01 ...Parameter initialization

✘

—

B_85 Country code for initial- Select default parameter values
ization
for country on initialization,
four options, option codes:
INIT SEL
USA 00 ...Japan version
01 ...Europe version
02 ...US version
03 ...reserved (do not set)

✘

—

ADJ

080

B_82 Start frequency adjustment
Fmin

0.5Hz

B_83 Carrier frequency
setting
CARRIER

05.0kHz

B_84 Initialization mode
(parameters or trip
history)
INIT MODE

TRP

Configuring
Drive Parameters

B_32 Reactive current setting Calibrate detection of motor’s
no load (reactive) current to
IO 0.00A
improve D_02 display
accuracy, range is 0 to 32
Amperes

3–30

“B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions

“B” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

/Hz01.0

0.00

B_87 STOP key enable
STOP-SW

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Specify a constant to scale the
displayed frequency for D_07
monitor, range is 0.1 to 99.9

✘

1.0

—

Select whether the STOP key
on the keypad is enabled, two
option codes:
00 ...enabled
01 ...disabled

✘

—

Description

B_86 Frequency scaling
conversion factor

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Configuring
Drive Parameters

B_88: Restart Mode Configuration – You can configure how the inverter resumes
motor output control after a free-run stop. Setting B_88 determines whether the inverter
will ensure the motor always resumes at 0 Hz, or whether the motor resumes from its
current coasting speed (also called frequency matching). The Run command may turn
OFF briefly, allowing the motor to coast to a slower speed from which normal operation
can resume.
In most applications a controlled deceleration is desirable. However, applications such
as HVAC fan control will often use a free-run stop. This practice decreases dynamic
stress on system components, prolonging system life. In this case, you will typically set
B_88=01 in order to resume from the current speed after a free-run stop (see diagram
below, right). Note that using the default setting, B_88=00, can cause trip events when
the inverter attempts to force the load quickly to zero speed.
NOTE: Other events can cause (or be configured to cause) a free-run stop, such as
power loss (see “Automatic Restart Mode” on page 3–22), or an intelligent input
terminal [FRS] signal. If all free-run stop behavior is important to your application (such
as HVAC), be sure to configure each event accordingly.
An additional parameter further configures all instances of a free-run stop. Parameter
B_03, Retry Wait Time Before Motor Restart, sets the minimum time the inverter will
free-run. For example, if B_03 = 4 seconds and the cause of the free-run-stop lasts
10 seconds, the inverter will free-run (coast) for a total of 14 seconds before driving the
motor again.
B_88 = 00 Resume from 0Hz

B_88 = 01 Resume from current speed
B 03
Wait time

Zero-frequency start
Motor
speed

Motor
speed

[FRS]

[FW, RV]

[FW, RV]
t

L100 Inverter

“B” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

B_88 Restart mode after FRS
RUN FRS

Selects how the inverter
resumes operation when the
ZST free-run stop (FRS) is
cancelled, two options:
00... Restart from 0Hz
01... Restart from frequency
detected from real speed of
motor (frequency matching)

B_89 Data select for digital
operator OPE-J
PANEL

d01

Defaults
–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

✘

—

✔

—

Configuring
Drive Parameters

Select the monitoring data to
send to the optional remote
hand-held digital operator,
seven option codes:
01... Output frequency (D_01)
02... Output current (D_02)
03... Motor direction (D_03)
04... PID PV feedback (D_04)
05... Input states for input
terminals (D_05)
06... Output states for output
terminals (D_06)
07... Scaled output frequency
(D_07)

Run
Mode –FE
Edit (CE)

3–31

3–32

“C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions

“C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions
The five input terminals [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] can be configured for any of fifteen
different functions. The next two tables show how to configure the five terminals. The
inputs are logical, in that they are either OFF or ON. We define these states as OFF=0,
and ON=1.
The inverter comes with default options for the five terminals. These default settings are
initially unique, each one having its own setting. Note that European and US versions
have different default settings. You can use any option on any terminal, and even use the
same option twice to create a logical OR (though usually not required).
NOTE: Terminal [5] has the ability to be a logical input, and to be an analog input for a
thermistor device when the PTC function (option code 19) is assigned to that terminal.

Configuring
Drive Parameters

Input Terminal Configuration
Functions and Options –The function codes in the following table let you assign one of
fifteen options to any of the five logic inputs for the L100 inverters. The functions
C_01through C_05 configure the terminals [1] through [5] respectively. The “value” of
these particular parameters is not a scalar value, but it is a discrete number that selects
one option from many available options.
For example, if you set function C_01=00, you have assigned option 00 (Forward Run)
to terminal [1]. The option codes and the specifics of how each one works are in
Chapter 4.
“C” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

C_01 Terminal [1] function
IN-TM 1

C_02 Terminal [2] function
IN-TM 2

C_03 Terminal [3] function
IN-TM 3

C_04 Terminal [4] function
IN-TM 4

USP

C_05 Terminal [5] function
IN-TM 5

2CH

Run
Mode
Edit

Defaults
–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Select function for terminal [1]
15 options (see next section)

✘

00
[FW]

—

Select function for terminal [2]
15 options (see next section)

✘

01
[RV]

—

Select function for terminal [3]
15 options (see next section)

✘

02
[CF1]

16
[AT]

02
[CF1]

—

Select function for terminal [4]
15 options (see next section)

✘

03
[CF2]

13
[USP]

03
[CF2]

—

Select function for terminal [5]
16 options (see next section)

✘

18
[RS]

—

L100 Inverter

3–33

The input logic convention is programmable for each of the five inputs. Most inputs
default to normally open (active high), but you can select normally closed (active low) in
order to invert the sense of the logic.
“C” Function

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

C_11 Terminal [1] active state Select logic convention, two
option codes:
IN-TM O/C-1
NO
00 ...normally open [NO]
01 ...normally closed [NC]

✘

—

C_12 Terminal [2] active state Select logic convention, two
option codes:
IN-TM O/C-2
NO
00 ...normally open [NO]
01 ...normally closed [NC]

✘

—

C_13 Terminal [3] active state Select logic convention, two
option codes:
IN-TM O/C-3
NO
00 ...normally open [NO]
01 ...normally closed [NC]

✘

—

C_14 Terminal [4] active state Select logic convention, two
option codes:
IN-TM O/C-4
NC
00 ...normally open [NO]
01 ...normally closed [NC]

✘

—

C_15 Terminal [5] active state Select logic convention, two
option codes:
IN-TM O/C-5
NO
00 ...normally open [NO]
01 ...normally closed [NC]

✘

—

Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Intelligent Input Terminal Overview
Each of the five intelligent terminals may be assigned any of the options in the following
table. When you program one of the option codes for terminal assignments C_01 to
C_05, the respective terminal assumes the function role of that option code. The terminal
functions have a symbol or abbreviation that we use to label a terminal using that
function. For example the “Forward Run” command is [FW]. The physical label on the
terminal block connector is simply 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. However, schematic examples in this
manual also use the terminal symbol (such as [FW]) to show the assigned option. The
option codes for C_11 to C_15 determines the active state of the logical input (active
high or active low).

Configuring
Drive Parameters

NOTE: An input terminal configured for option code 18 ([RS] Reset command) cannot
be configured for normally closed operation.

3–34

“C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions
Input Function Summary Table – This table shows all fifteen intelligent input
functions at a glance. Detailed descriptions of these functions, related parameters and
settings, and example wiring diagrams are in “Using Intelligent Input Terminals” on
page 4–8.
Input Function Summary Table

Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Configuring
Drive Parameters

CF1

CF2

CF3

CF4

2CH

FRS

EXT

USP

Function Name
Forward Run/Stop

Description
ON

Inverter is in Run Mode, motor runs forward

OFF

Inverter is in Stop Mode, motor stops

Inverter is in Run Mode, motor runs reverse

OFF

Inverter is in Stop Mode, motor stops

Multi-speed Select,
Bit 0 (LSB)

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 0, logical 1

OFF

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 0, logical 0

Multi-speed Select,
Bit 1

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 1, logical 1

OFF

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 1, logical 0

Multi-speed Select,
Bit 2

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 2, logical 1

OFF

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 2, logical 0

Multi-speed Select,
Bit 3 (MSB)

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 3, logical 1

OFF

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 3, logical 0

Jogging

Inverter is in Run Mode, output to motor runs at
jog parameter frequency

OFF

Inverter is in Stop Mode

Frequency output uses 2nd-stage acceleration
and deceleration values

OFF

Frequency output uses standard acceleration and
deceleration values

Causes output to turn OFF, allowing motor to
free run (coast) to stop

OFF

Output operates normally, so controlled deceleration stops motor

When assigned input transitions OFF to ON,
inverter latches trip event and displays E12

OFF

No trip event for ON to OFF, any recorded trip
events remain in history until Reset

On powerup, the inverter will not resume a Run
command (mostly used in the US)

OFF

On powerup, the inverter will resume a Run
command that was active before power loss

Reverse Run/Stop

2-stage Acceleration
and Deceleration

Free-run Stop

External Trip

Unattended Start
Protection

L100 Inverter

3–35

Input Function Summary Table
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

SFT

PTC

Function Name
Software Lock

Description
The keypad and remote programming devices
are prevented from changing parameters

OFF

The parameters may be edited and stored

Analog Input
Voltage/current
Select

Terminal [OI] is enabled for current input (uses
terminal L for power supply return)

OFF

Terminal [O] is enabled for voltage input (uses
terminal [L] for power supply return)

Reset Inverter

The trip condition is reset, the motor output is
turned OFF, and powerup reset is asserted

OFF

Normal power-ON operation

ANLG

When a thermistor is connected to terminals [5]
and [L], the inverter checks for overtemperature and will cause trip event and turn
OFF output to motor

OPEN

A disconnect of the thermistor causes a trip
event, and the inverter turns OFF the motor

PTC Thermistor
Thermal Protection

Configuring
Drive Parameters

3–36

“C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions

Output Terminal Configuration
The inverter provides configuration for logic (discrete) and analog outputs, shown in the
table below.
“C” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

C_21 Terminal [11] function
OUT-TM 1

FA1

C_22 Terminal [12] function
OUT-TM 2

RUN

C_23 [FM] signal selection

Configuring
Drive Parameters

MONITOR

A-F

Run
Mode
Edit

Defaults
–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

01
[FA1]

Select function for terminal
[11], 6 options (see next
section)

✘

01
[FA1]

—

Select function f or terminal
[12], 6 options (see next
section)

✘

00
00
00
[RUN] [RUN] [RUN]

—

Select function for terminal
[FM], 3 options (see next
section)

✘

00
[A–F]

—

00
[A–F]

The output logic convention is programmable for terminals [11] and [12]. The opencollector output terminals [11] and [12] default to normally open (active low), but you
can select normally closed (active high) for these terminals in order to invert the sense of
the logic. You can invert the logical sense of the alarm relay output as well.
“C” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

OUT-TM O/C-1

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Select logic convention, two
option codes:
00 ...normally open [NO]
01 ...normally closed [NC]

✘

—

(reserved) DO NOT EDIT

✘

—

Select logic convention, two
option codes:
00 ...normally open [NO]
01 ...normally closed [NC]

✘

—

(reserved) DO NOT EDIT

✘

—

✘

—

Description

C_31 Terminal [11] active
state (–FU)
NO

Reserved (–FE / –FR)

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

(not displayed)
C_32 Terminal [12] active
state (–FU)
OUT-TM O/C-2

Terminal [11] active
state (–FE / –FR)
OUT-TM O/C-1

C_33 Alarm relay active state Select logic convention, two
option codes:
OUT-TM O/C-RY NO 00 ...normally open [NO]
01 ...normally closed [NC]

L100 Inverter

3–37

Output Function Summary Table – This table shows all six functions for the logical
outputs (terminals [11], [12]) at a glance. Detailed descriptions of these functions,
related parameters and settings, and example wiring diagrams are in “Using Intelligent
Output Terminals” on page 4–21.
Output Function Summary Table
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

RUN

FA2

Run Signal

when inverter is in Run Mode

OFF

when inverter is in Stop Mode

Frequency Arrival
Type 1 – Constant
Speed

when output to motor is at the set frequency

OFF

when output to motor is OFF, or in any acceleration or deceleration ramp

Frequency Arrival
Type 2 – Overfrequency

when output to motor is at or above the set
frequency, even if in accel. or decel. ramps

OFF

when output to motor is OFF, or at a level below
the set frequency

Overload Advance
Notice Signal

when output current is more than the set threshold for the overload signal

OFF

when output current is less than the set threshold
for the overload signal

Output Deviation for ON
PID Control

Alarm Signal

when PID error is more than the set threshold for
the deviation signal

OFF

when PID error is less than the set threshold for
the deviation signal

when an alarm signal has occurred and has not
been cleared

OFF

when no alarm has occurred since the last
clearing of alarm(s)

Configuring
Drive Parameters

FA1

Description

Function Name

3–38

“C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions
Analog Function Summary Table – This table shows all three functions for the analog
output [FM] (frequency meter) terminal. Detailed descriptions, related parameters and
settings, and example wiring diagrams are in “Analog and Digital Monitor Output” on
page 4–30.
Analog Function Summary Table

Configuring
Drive Parameters

Option
Code

Function Name

Description

Analog Frequency
Monitor

PWM (pulse-width-modulated) voltage output that has a
duty cycle proportional to the inverter output frequency

Analog Current Output
Monitor

PWM (pulse-width-modulated) voltage output that has a
duty cycle proportional to the inverter output current to the
motor. It reaches 100% duty cycle when the output
reaches 200% of the rated inverter current.

Digital Frequency
Output Monitor

FM (frequency-modulated) voltage output with a constant
50% duty cycle. Its frequency = inverter output frequency.

L100 Inverter

3–39

Output Function Adjustment Parameters
The following parameters work in
Motor current
conjunction with the intelligent output
C 41
function, when configured. The overload
level parameter (C_41) sets the motor
0
current level at which the overload signal
[OL] turns ON. The range of settings is
Overload
signal 1
from 0% to 200% of the rated current for
0
the inverter. This function is for generating
an early warning logic output, without
causing either a trip event or a restriction
of the motor current (those effects are
available on other functions).

The frequency arrival signal, [FA1] or
Output
frequency
[FA2], is intended to indicate when the
C 42
inverter output has reached (arrived at) the
target frequency. You can adjust the timing
0
of the leading and trailing edges of the
Arrival
signal via two parameters specific to accelsignal 1
eration and deceleration ramps, C_42 and
0
C_43.

C 43
t

The Error for the PID loop is the magnitude (absolute value) of the difference
between the Setpoint (desired value) and
Process Variable (actual value). The PID
output deviation signal [OD] (output
terminal function option code 04)
indicates when the error magnitude has
exceeded a magnitude you define.

PID Error (PV–SP) deviation threshold
PV
Output
SP
C 44

t
Deviation sig-

1
0
t

“C” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

Description

C_41 Overload level setting
OV Load

Sets the overload signal level
between 0% and 200% (from 0
03.00A to two times the rated current
of the inverter)

C_42 Frequency arrival
setting for acceleration
ARV ACC

000.0Hz

Sets the frequency arrival
setting threshold for the output
frequency during acceleration

Run
Mode
Edit
✘

✘

Defaults
–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Rated current for each
inverter

0.0

—

Configuring
Drive Parameters

3–40

“C” Group: Intelligent Terminal Functions

“C” Function
Func.
Code

Name /
SRW Display

C_43 Arrival frequency
setting for deceleration
ARV DEC

000.0Hz

C_44 PID deviation level
setting
OV PID

003.0%

C_91 Debug mode selection

Configuring
Drive Parameters

INIT DEBG

OFF

Defaults

Run
Mode
Edit

–FE
(CE)

–FU
(UL)

Sets the frequency arrival
setting threshold for the output
frequency during deceleration

✘

0.0

Sets the allowable PID loop
error magnitude (absolute
value), SP - PV, range is 0.0 to
100%, resolution is 0.1%

✘

3.0

(Reserved) DO NOT EDIT

✘

—

Description

–FR
Units
(Jpn)

Operations
and Monitoring
In This Chapter....

4
page

— Introduction ..................................................... 2
— Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices ......... 4
— Using Intelligent Input Terminals ..................... 8
— Using Intelligent Output Terminals ................ 21
— Analog Input Operation ................................. 29
— Analog and Digital Monitor Output ................ 30
— PID Loop Operation ...................................... 32
— Configuring the Inverter for Multiple Motors .. 33

4–2

Introduction

Introduction
The previous material in Chapter 3 gave a reference listing of all the programmable
functions of the inverter. We suggest that you first scan through the listing of inverter
functions to gain a general familiarity. This chapter will build on that knowledge in the
following ways:
1. Related functions – Some parameters interact with or depend on the settings in other
functions. This chapter lists “required settings” for a programmable function to serve
as a cross-reference and an aid in showing how functions interact.
2. Intelligent terminals – Some functions rely on an input signal on a control logic
connector terminal, or generate output signals in other cases.
3. Electrical interfaces – This chapter shows how to make connections between the
inverter and other electrical devices.
4. PID Loop Operation – The L100 has a built-in PID loop that calculates the optimal
inverter output frequency to control an external process. This chapter shows the
parameters and input/output terminals associated with PID loop operation.
5. Multiple motors – A single L100 inverter may be used with two or more motors in
some types of applications. This chapter shows the electrical connections involved in
multiple-motor applications.
The topics in this chapter can help you decide the features that are important to your
application, and how to use them. The basic installation covered in Chapter 2 concluded
with the powerup test and running the motor. Now, this chapter starts from that point and
shows how to make the inverter part of a larger control or automation system.

Caution Messages for Operating Procedures

Operations
and Monitoring

Before continuing, please read the following Caution messages.
CAUTION: The heat sink fins will have a high temperature. Be careful not to touch
them. Otherwise, there is the danger of getting burned.
CAUTION: The operation of the inverter can be easily changed from low speed to high
speed. Be sure check the capability and limitations of the motor and machine before
operating the inverter. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.
CAUTION: If you operate a motor at a frequency higher than the inverter standard
default setting (50Hz/60Hz), be sure to check the motor and machine specifications with
the respective manufacturer. Only operate the motor at elevated frequencies after getting
their approval. Otherwise, there is the danger of equipment damage.

L100 Inverter

4–3

Warning Messages for Operating Procedures
Before continuing, please read the following Warning messages.
WARNING: Be sure to turn ON the input power supply only after closing the front
case. While being energized, be sure not to open the front case. Otherwise, there is the
danger of electric shock.
WARNING: Be sure not to operate electrical equipment with wet hands. Otherwise,
there is the danger of electric shock.
WARNING: While the inverter is energized, be sure not to touch the inverter terminals
even when the motor is stopped. Otherwise, there is the danger of electric shock.
WARNING: If the Retry Mode is selected, the motor may suddenly restart after a trip
stop. Be sure to stop the inverter before approaching the machine (be sure to design the
machine so that safety for personnel is secure even if it restarts.) Otherwise, it may cause
injury to personnel.
WARNING: If the power supply is cut OFF for a short period of time, the inverter may
restart operation after the power supply recovers if the Run command is active. If a
restart may pose danger to personnel, so be sure to use a lock-out circuit so that it will
not restart after power recovery. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.
WARNING: The Stop Key is effective only when the Stop function is enabled. Be sure
to enable the Stop Key separately from the emergency stop. Otherwise, it may cause
injury to personnel.

WARNING: Be sure not to touch the inside of the energized inverter or to put any
conductive object into it. Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or fire.
WARNING: If power is turned ON when the Run command is already active, the motor
will automatically start and injury may result. Before turning ON the power, confirm that
the RUN command is not present.
WARNING: When the Stop key function is disabled, pressing the Stop key does not
stop the inverter, nor will it reset a trip alarm.
WARNING: Be sure to provide a separate, hard-wired emergency stop switch when the
application warrants it.

Operations
and Monitoring

WARNING: During a trip event, if the alarm reset is applied and the Run command is
present, the inverter will automatically restart. Be sure to apply the alarm reset only after
verifying the Run command is OFF. Otherwise, it may cause injury to personnel.

4–4

Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices

Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices
Hitachi inverters (drives) are useful in many types of applications. During installation,
the inverter keypad (or other programming device) will facilitate the initial configuration. After installation, the inverter will generally receive its control commands through
the control logic connector or serial interface from another controlling device. In a
simple application such as single-conveyor speed control, a Run/Stop switch and potentiometer will give the operator all the required control. In a sophisticated application,
you may have a programmable logic controller (PLC) as the system controller, with
several connections to the inverter.
It is not possible to cover all the possible types of application in this manual. It will be
necessary for you to know the electrical characteristics of the devices you want to
connect to the inverter. Then, this section and the following sections on I/O terminal
functions can help you quickly and safely connect those devices to the inverter.
CAUTION: It is possible to damage the inverter or other devices if your application
exceeds the maximum current or voltage characteristics of a connection point.

Operations
and Monitoring

The connections between the inverter and
other devices rely on the electrical input/
output characteristics at both ends of each
connection, shown in the diagram to the
right. The inverter’s inputs require a
sourcing output from an external device
(such as a PLC). This chapter shows the
inverter’s internal electrical component(s)
at each I/O terminal. In some cases, you
will need to insert a power source in the
interface wiring.

Other device
Input
circuit

Output
circuit

signal
return

Input
circuit

PLC
+Com

In order to avoid equipment damage and
get your application running smoothly, we
recommend drawing a schematic of each
connection between the inverter and the
other device. Include the internal components of each device in the schematic, so
that it makes a complete circuit loop.

Inverter
P24

+–

24V

1
2
3

Input
circuits

After making the schematic, then:
1. Verify that the current and voltage for
each connection is within the operating
limits of each device.

L100 Inverter
signal
return

5
GND

2. Make sure that the logic sense (active high or active low) of any ON/OFF connection
is correct.
3. Check the zero and span (curve end points) for analog connections, and be sure the
scale factor from input to output is correct.
4. Understand what will happen at the system level if any particular device suddenly
loses power, or powers up after other devices.

4–5

L100 Inverter

Example Wiring Diagram
The schematic diagram below provides a general example of logic connector wiring, in
addition to basic power and motor wiring covered in Chapter 2. The goal of this chapter
is to help you determine the proper connections for the various terminals shown below
for your specific application needs.
Breaker,
MCCB or GFI

L100

(L1)

Power source,
3-phase or
1-phase, per
inverter model

(T1)

(L2)

(T2)

N(L3)

(T3)

Intelligent inputs,
5 terminals

+1
P24

Forward
NOTE: For the wiring
of intelligent I/O and
analog inputs, be
sure to use twisted
pair / shielded cable.
Attach the shield wire
for each signal to its
respective common
terminal at the
inverter end only.

Motor

1
Reverse

24V
Input
circuits

+
–

DC reactor
(optional)

+
Braking
unit
(optional)

2
3
4
5

[5] configurable as
discrete input or
thermistor input

–

AL0
Logic input common
Meter

L
FM

Analog reference
0–10VDC
4–20mA

Analog common

H
O

Alarm contacts,
type 1 Form C

AL2
Open collector outputs

Output
circuits

Run signal
Load

Freq. arrival signal
Load

+
–

OI
L

Operations
and Monitoring

AL1

Thermistor

CM2

Logic output common

4–6

Example Wiring Diagram

Specifications of Control and Logic Connections
The control logic connectors are located just behind the front panel half-door. The relay
contacts are accessible behind the main door. Connector labeling is shown below.

Logic
inputs

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24
H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
Analog
inputs

Analog
output

AL0 AL1 AL2
Relay
contacts

Logic
outputs

Specifications for the logic connection terminals are in the following table:
Terminal Name

Operations
and Monitoring

[P24]

Description
+24V for logic inputs

Ratings
24VDC, 30 mA max (do not short to terminal L)

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5] Discrete logic inputs

27VDC max. (use P24 or an external supply referenced to terminal L)

[L] (top row) *1

GND for logic inputs

sum of input 1-5 currents (return)

[11], [12]

Discrete logic outputs

50mA maximum ON state current,
27 VDC maximum OFF state voltage

[CM2]

GND for logic outputs

100 mA: sum of 11 and 12 currents (return)

[FM]

PWM (analog/digital) output 0 to 10VDC, 1 mA, PWM and 50% duty digital

[L] (bottom row) *1 GND for analog inputs

sum of OI, O, and H currents (return)

[OI]

Analog input, current

4 to 19.6 mA range, 20 mA nominal

[O]

Analog input, voltage

0 to 9.6 VDC range, 10VDC nominal,
input impedance 10 kΩ

[H]

+10V analog reference

10VDC nominal, 10 mA max

[AL0]

Relay common contact

250 VAC, 2.5A (R load) max.,
250 VAC, 0.2A (I load, P.F=0.4) max.
Relay contact, normally
100 VAC, 10mA min.
closed during RUN
30 VDC, 3.0A (R load) max.
Relay contact, normally open 30 VDC, 0.7A (I load, P.F.=0.4) max.
5 VDC, 100mA min.
during RUN

[AL1]
[AL2]

Note 1:

The two terminals [L] are electrically connected together inside the inverter.

4–7

L100 Inverter

Terminal Listing
Use the following tables to locate pages for intelligent input and output material in this
chapter.
Intelligent Inputs
Symbol

Code

Name

Page

Forward Run/Stop

4–9

Reverse Run/Stop

4–9

CF1

Multi-speed Select, Bit 0 (LSB)

4–10

CF2

Multi-speed Select, Bit 1

4–10

CF3

Multi-speed Select, Bit 2

4–10

CF4

Multi-speed Select, Bit 3

4–10

Jogging

4–12

2CH

2-stage Acceleration and Deceleration

4–13

FRS

Free-run Stop

4–14

EXT

External Trip

4–15

USP

Unattended Start Protection

4–16

SFT

Software Lock

4–17

Analog Input Voltage/current Select

4–18

Reset Inverter

4–19

Thermistor Thermal Protection

4–20

Symbol

Code

Name

Page

RUN

Run Signal

4–22

FA1

Frequency Arrival type 1 – Constant Speed

4–23

FA2

Frequency arrival type 2 – Over-frequency

4–23

Overload Advance Notice Signal

4–25

Output Deviation for PID Control

4–26

Alarm Signal

4–27

Operations
and Monitoring

Intelligent Outputs

4–8

Using Intelligent Input Terminals

Using Intelligent Input Terminals
Terminals [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] are identical, programmable inputs for general use.
The input circuits can use the inverter’s internal (isolated) +24V field supply (P24) to
power the inputs. The input circuits are internally connected to the power supply ground.
As the diagram shows, you can use a switch (or jumper) to activate an input terminal that
has been configured.
If you use an external supply, its GND terminal must connect to the [L] terminal on the
inverter to complete the input circuit. Current can only flow into each input, so they are
sinking inputs, whether powered internally or externally.
NOTE: We recommend using the top row [L] logic GND for logic input circuits and the
[L] GND on the bottom row of terminals for analog I/O circuits.

L100 Inverter
24V

Sinking inputs,
internal supply

+–

Operations
and Monitoring

P24

Input circuits

Sinking inputs,
external supply

L100 Inverter
24V

+–

P24

Input circuits

L
–
+
24V

L100 Inverter

4–9

Forward Run/Stop and Reverse Run/Stop Commands:
When you input the Run command via the terminal [FW], the inverter executes the
Forward Run command (high) or Stop command (low). When you input the Run
command via the terminal [RV], the inverter executes the Reverse Run command (high)
or Stop command (low).
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Function Name
Forward Run/Stop

Reverse Run/Stop

State

Description

Inverter is in Run Mode, motor runs forward

OFF

Inverter is in Stop Mode, motor stops

Inverter is in Run Mode, motor runs reverse

OFF

Inverter is in Stop Mode, motor stops

Valid for inputs:

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05

Required settings:

A_02 = 01

Notes:
• When the Forward Run and Reverse Run
commands are active at the same time, the inverter
enters the Stop Mode.
• When a terminal associated with either [FW] or
[RV] function is configured for normally closed,
the motor starts rotation when that terminal is
disconnected or otherwise has no input voltage.

Example (default input configuration
shown—see page 3–32):
RV FW

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

NOTE: The parameter F_04, Keypad Run Key Routing, determines whether the single
Run key issues a Run FWD command or Run REV command. However, it has no effect
on the [FW] and [RV] input terminal operation.

Operations
and Monitoring

WARNING: If the power is turned ON and the Run command is already active, the
motor starts rotation and is dangerous! Before turning power ON, confirm that the Run
command is not active.

4–10

Using Intelligent Input Terminals

Multi-Speed Select
The inverter can store up to 16 different target
frequencies (speeds) that the motor output uses for
steady-state run condition. These speeds are accessible through programming four of the intelligent
terminals as binary-encoded inputs CF1 to CF4 per
the table to the right. These can be any of the five
inputs, and in any order. You can use fewer inputs
if you need eight or fewer speeds.
Note: When choosing a subset of speeds to use,
always start at the top of the table, and with the
least-significant bit: CF1, CF2, etc.
The example with eight speeds in the figure below
shows how input switches configured for CF1–
CF3 functions can change the motor speed in real
time.

Operations
and Monitoring

3rd Speed
7th
5th
2nd
1st
6th
4th
0th

1
[CF1] 0
1
[CF2] 0
1
[CF3] 0
1
[FWD] 0

Multispeed

Input Function
CF4 CF3 CF2 CF1

Speed 0

Speed 1

Speed 2

Speed 3

Speed 4

Speed 5

Speed 6

Speed 7

Speed 8

Speed 9

Speed 10

Speed 11

Speed 12

Speed 13

Speed 14

Speed 15

NOTE: Speed 0 is set by the A_20
parameter value.

t
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

CF1

CF2

CF3

CF4

Function Name
Multi-speed Select,
Bit 0 (LSB)
Multi-speed Select,
Bit 1
Multi-speed Select,
Bit 2
Multi-speed Select,
Bit 3 (MSB)

Input
State

Description

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 0, logical 1

OFF

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 0, logical 0

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 1, logical 1

OFF

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 1, logical 0

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 2, logical 1

OFF

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 2, logical 0

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 3, logical 1

OFF

Binary encoded speed select, Bit 3, logical 0

L100 Inverter

Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Valid for inputs:
Required settings:

Function Name

Input
State

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05
F_01, A_01 = 02,
A_20 to A_35

Notes:
• When programming the multi-speed settings, be
sure to press the Store key each time and then set
the next multi-speed setting. Note that when the
key is not pressed, no data will be set.
• When a multi-speed setting more than 50Hz(60Hz)
is to be set, it is necessary to program the maximum
frequency A_04 high enough to allow that speed.

4–11

Description
Example (some CF inputs require input
configuration; some are default inputs—
see page 3–32):
(MSB)
(LSB)
CF3
CF1
CF4
CF2

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

While using the multi-speed capability, you can monitor the current frequency with
monitor function D_01 during each segment of a multi-speed operation.
There are two ways to program the speeds into the registers A_20 to A_35:
1. Standard keypad programming:
a. Select each parameter A_20 to A_35.
b. Press the

FUNC.

c. Use the

d. Use the

STR

key to view the parameter value.
and

keys to edit the value.

key to save the data to memory.

2. Programming using the CF switches. Set the speed by following these steps:
a. Turn the Run command OFF (Stop Mode).

c. Set the desired output frequency by pressing the

and

keys.

d. Press the STR key once to store the set frequency. When this occurs, F_01
indicates the output frequency of Multi-speed n.
e. Press the FUNC. key once to confirm that the indication is the same as the set
frequency.
f. Repeat operations in 2. a) to 2. e) to set the frequency of other Multi-speeds. It
can be set also by parameters A_20 to A_35 in the first procedure 1. a) to 1. d).

Operations
and Monitoring

b. Turn each switch ON and set it to Multi-speed. Display the value of F_01 on the
digital operator.

4–12

Using Intelligent Input Terminals

Jogging Command
The Jog input [JG] is used to command the
motor to rotate slowly in small increments for
manual operation. The speed is limited to
10 Hz. The frequency for the jogging operation is set by parameter A_38. Jogging does
not use an acceleration ramp, so we recommend setting the jogging frequency A_38 to
5 Hz or less to prevent tripping.

1
0
[FW], 1
[RV] 0
[JG]

Jog
speed
A 38

When the terminal [JG] is turned ON and the
Run command is issued, the inverter outputs
the programmed jog frequency to the motor.
To enable the Run key on the digital operator
for jog input, set the value 01(terminal mode)
in A_02 (Run command source).

A 39
Jog decel type

The type of deceleration used to end a motor jog operation is selectable by programming
function A_39. The options are:
• 00 Free-run stop (coasting)
• 01 Deceleration (normal level) and stop

Operations
and Monitoring

• 02 Use DC braking and stop

Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Valid for inputs:
Required settings:

Function Name
Jogging

Input
State

Description

Inverter is in Run Mode, output to motor runs at
jog parameter frequency

OFF

Inverter is in Stop Mode

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05
A_02= 01, A_38 > B_82,
A_38 > 0, A_39

Notes:
• No jogging operation is performed when the set
value of jogging frequency A_38 is smaller than the
start frequency B_82, or the value is 0 Hz.
• Be sure to stop the motor when switching the
function [JG] ON or OFF.

Example (requires input configuration—
see page 3–32):
JG

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

L100 Inverter

4–13

Two-stage Acceleration and Deceleration
When terminal [2CH] is turned ON, the
Output
inverter changes the rate of acceleration and frequency
deceleration from the initial settings (F_02
second
and F_03) to use the second set of accelerainitial
tion/deceleration values. When the terminal is
turned OFF, the inverter is returned to the
1
[2CH]
original acceleration and deceleration time
0
(F_02 acceleration time 1, and F_03 decelera- [FW], 1
[RV] 0
tion time 1). Use A_92 (acceleration time 2)
and A_93 (deceleration time 2) to set the
second stage acceleration and deceleration
times.

target
frequency

In the graph shown above, the [2CH] becomes active during the initial acceleration. This
causes the inverter to switch from using acceleration 1 (F_02) to acceleration 2 (A_92).
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

2CH

Function Name
2-stage Acceleration
and Deceleration

Input
State

Description

Frequency output uses 2nd-stage acceleration
and deceleration values

OFF

Frequency output uses the initial acceleration 1
and deceleration 1 values

Valid for inputs:

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05

Required settings:

A_92, A_93, A_94=00

Notes:
• Function A_94 selects the method for second stage

Example (requires input configuration—
see page 3–32):
2CH

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

Operations
and Monitoring

acceleration. It must be set = 00 to select the input
terminal method in order for the [2CH] terminal
assignment to operate.

4–14

Using Intelligent Input Terminals

Free-run Stop
When the terminal [FRS] is turned ON, the inverter stops the output and the motor enters
the free-run state (coasting). If terminal [FRS] is turned OFF, the output resumes sending
power to the motor if the Run command is still active. The free-run stop feature works
with other parameters to provide flexibility in stopping and starting motor rotation.
In the figure below, parameter B_88 selects whether the inverter resumes operation from
0 Hz (left graph) or the current motor rotation speed (right graph) when the [FRS]
terminal turns OFF. The application determines the best setting.
Parameter B_03 specifies a delay time before resuming operation from a free-run stop.
To disable this feature, use a zero delay time.
Resume from motor speed B_88 = 01

B_88 = 00
Zero-frequency start

B 03 wait time

Motor
speed

1
0
[FW], 1
[RV] 0

Operations
and Monitoring

FRS

Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

FRS

Function Name
Free-run Stop

Input
State

1
FRS 0
[FW], 1
[RV] 0

Description

Causes output to turn OFF, allowing motor to
free run (coast) to stop

OFF

Output operates normally, so controlled deceleration stops motor

Valid for inputs:

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05

Required settings:

B_03, B_88, C_11 to C_15

Notes:
• When you want the [FRS] terminal to be active low

Example (requires input configuration—
see page 3–32):
FRS

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

(normally closed logic), change the setting (C_11 to
C_15) that corresponds to the input (C_01 to C_05)
that is assigned the [FRS] function.
See I/O specs on page 4–6.

4–15

L100 Inverter

External Trip
When the terminal [EXT] is turned ON, the inverter enters the trip state, indicates error
code E12, and stops the output. This is a general purpose interrupt type feature, and the
meaning of the error depends on what you connect to the [EXT] terminal. Even if the
[EXT] input is turned OFF, the inverter remains in the trip state. You must reset the
inverter or cycle power to clear the error, returning the inverter to the Stop Mode.
In the graph below, the [EXT] input turns ON during normal Run Mode operation. The
inverter lets the motor free-run to a stop, and the alarm output turns ON immediately.
When the operator initiates a Reset command, the alarm and error are cleared. When the
Reset is turned OFF, the motor begins rotation since the Run command is already active.
[EXT] terminal
Motor revolution speed
[RS] terminal
Alarm output terminal
RUN command [FW, RV]

1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

free run

Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

EXT

Function Name
External Trip

Input
State

Description

When assigned input transitions OFF to ON,
inverter latches trip event and displays E12

OFF

No trip event for ON to OFF, any recorded trip
events remain in history until Reset

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05

Required settings:

(none)

Notes:
• If the USP (Unattended Start Protection) feature is

Example (requires input configuration—
see page 3–32):
EXT

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

in use, the inverter will not automatically restart
after cancelling the EXT trip event. In that case, it
must receive either another Run command (OFFto-ON transition), a keypad Reset command, or an
[RS] intelligent terminal input signal.
See I/O specs on page 4–6.

Operations
and Monitoring

Valid for inputs:

4–16

Using Intelligent Input Terminals

Unattended Start Protection
If the Run command is already set when power is turned ON, the inverter starts running
immediately after powerup. The Unattended Start Protection (USP) function prevents
that automatic startup, so that the inverter will not run without outside intervention.
When USP is active and you need to reset an alarm and resume running, either turn the
Run command OFF, or perform a reset operation by the terminal [RS] input or the
keypad Stop/reset key.
In the figure below, the [UPS] feature is enabled. When the inverter power turns ON, the
motor does not start, even though the Run command is already active. Instead, it enters
the USP trip state, and displays E13 error code. This requires outside intervention to
reset the alarm by turning OFF the Run command per this example (or applying a reset).
Then the Run command can turn ON again and start the inverter output.

Operations
and Monitoring

1
RUN command [FW, RV] 0
1
[USP] terminal 0
1
Alarm output terminal 0
1
Inverter output frequency 0
1
Inverter power supply 0
Events: Alarm E13
display
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

USP

Function Name
Unattended Start
Protection

Input
State

Alarm
cleared

Run
command

Description

On powerup, the inverter will not resume a Run
command (mostly used in the US)

OFF

On powerup, the inverter will resume a Run
command that was active before power loss

Valid for inputs:

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05

Required settings:

(none)

Notes:
• Note that when a USP error occurs and it is
canceled by a reset from a [RS] terminal input, the
inverter restarts running immediately.
• Even when the trip state is canceled by turning the
terminal [RS] ON and OFF after an under voltage
protection E09 occurs, the USP function will be
performed.
• When the running command is active immediately
after the power is turned ON, a USP error will
occur. When this function is used, wait for at least
three (3) seconds after the powerup to generate a
Run command.

Example (default input configuration shown
for –FU models; –FE and –FR models
require input configuration—
see page 3–32):
USP

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

L100 Inverter

4–17

Software Lock
When the terminal [SFT] is turned ON, the data of all the parameters and functions
(except the output frequency, depending on the setting of B_31) is locked (prohibited
from editing). When the data is locked, the keypad keys cannot edit inverter parameters.
To edit parameters again, turn OFF the [SFT] terminal input.
Use parameter B_31 to select whether the output frequency is excluded from the lock
state or is locked as well.
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

SFT

Function Name
Software Lock

Input
State

Description

The keypad and remote programming devices
are prevented from changing parameters

OFF

The parameters may be edited and stored

Valid for inputs:

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05

Required settings:

B_31 (excluded from lock)

Notes:
• When the [SFT] terminal is turned ON, only the

Example (requires input configuration—
see page 3–32):
SFT

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

output frequency can be changed.

• Software lock can include the output frequency by
setting B_31.
• Software lock by the operator is also possible
without the [SFT] terminal being used (B_31).

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

Operations
and Monitoring

4–18

Using Intelligent Input Terminals

Analog Input Current/Voltage Select
The [AT] terminal selects whether the inverter uses the voltage [O] or current [OI] input
terminals for external frequency control. When intelligent input [AT] is ON, you can set
the output frequency by applying a current input signal at [OI]-[L]. When the [AT] input
is OFF, you can apply a voltage input signal at [O]-[L] to set the output frequency. Note
that you must also set parameter A_01 = 01 to enable the analog terminal set for controlling the inverter frequency.
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Function Name
Analog Input
Voltage/current
Select

Input
State

Description

Terminal OI is enabled for current input (uses
terminal L for power supply return)

OFF

Terminal O is enabled for voltage input (uses
terminal L for power supply return)

Valid for inputs:

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05

Required settings:

A_01 = 01

Example (default input configuration shown
for –FU models; –FE and –FR models
require input configuration—
see page 3–32):

Notes:
• If the [AT] option is not assigned to any intelligent
input terminal, then inverter uses the algebraic sum
of both the voltage and current inputs for the
frequency command (and A_01=01).
• When using either the analog current and voltage
input terminal, make sure that the [AT] function is
allocated to an intelligent input terminal.
• Be sure to set the frequency source setting
A_01=01 to select the analog input terminals.

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

Operations
and Monitoring

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
4-20 mA when AT= ON
+–

0-10 V when AT= OFF

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

L100 Inverter

4–19

Reset Inverter
The [RS] terminal causes the inverter to
execute the reset operation. If the inverter is
in Trip Mode, the reset cancels the Trip state. [RS]
When the signal [RS] is turned ON and OFF,
the inverter executes the reset operation. The Alarm
minimum pulse width for [RS] must be 12 ms signal
or greater. The alarm output will be cleared
within 30 ms after the onset of the Reset command.

12 ms
minimum

1
0

approx. 30 ms
1
0

WARNING: After the Reset command is given and the alarm reset occurs, the motor
will restart suddenly if the Run command is already active. Be sure to set the alarm reset
after verifying that the Run command is OFF to prevent injury to personnel.

Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Function Name
Reset Inverter

Input
State

Description

The motor output is turned OFF, the Trip Mode
is cleared (if it exists), and powerup reset is
applied

OFF

Normal power-ON operation

Valid for inputs:

C_01, C_02, C_03, C_04,
C_05

Required settings:

(none)

Notes:
• When the control terminal [RS] input is already ON

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

• Pressing the Stop/Reset key of the digital operator can generate a reset operation only when an alarm
•
•
•
•

occurs.
A terminal configured with the [RS] function can only be configured for normally open operation. The
terminal cannot be used in the normally closed contact state.
When input power is turned ON, the inverter performs the same reset operation as it does when a pulse
on the [RS] terminal occurs.
The Stop/Reset key on the inverter is only operational for a few seconds after inverter powerup when a
hand-held remote operator is connected to the inverter.
If the [RS] terminal is turned ON while the motor is running, the motor will be free running (coasting).

Operations
and Monitoring

at powerup for more than 4 seconds, the remote
operator display is “R-ERROR COMM<2>” (the
display of the digital operator [OPE-J] is – – –.
However, the inverter has no error. To clear the
digital operator error, turn OFF the terminal [RS]
input and press one of the operator keys.

Example (default input configuration
shown—see page 3–32):

4–20

Using Intelligent Input Terminals

Thermistor Thermal Protection
Motors that are equipped with a thermistor can be protected from overheating. Input
terminal [5] has the unique ability to sense a thermistor resistance. When the resistance
value of the thermistor connected to terminal [TH] (5) and [L] is more than 3 k Ohms
±10%, the inverter enters the Trip Mode, turns OFF the output to the motor, and
indicates the trip status E35. Use this function to protect the motor from overheating.
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Function Name
Thermistor Thermal
Protection

Input
State

Sensor When a thermistor is connected to terminals [5]
and [L], the inverter checks for over-temperature
and will cause trip (E35) and turn OFF the
output to the motor
Open

Valid for inputs:

C_05 only

Required settings:

(none)

Description

Notes:
• Be sure the thermistor is connected to terminals [5]

An open circuit in the thermistor causes a trip,
and the inverter turns OFF the output
Example (requires input configuration—
see page 3–32):
TH

L 5 4 3 2 1 P24

and [L]. If the resistance is above the threshold the
inverter will trip. When the motor cools down
enough, the thermistor resistance will change
enough to permit you to clear the error. Press the
STOP/Reset key to clear the error.
thermistor

MOTOR

Operations
and Monitoring

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

4–21

L100 Inverter

Using Intelligent Output Terminals
The intelligent output terminals are programmable in a similar way to the intelligent
input terminals. The inverter has several output functions that you can assign individually to three physical logic outputs. Two of the outputs are open-collector transistors, and
the third output is the alarm relay (form C – normally open and normally closed
contacts). The relay is assigned the alarm function by default, but you can assign it to
any of the functions that the open-collector outputs use.

Sinking Outputs,
Open Collector
The open-collector transistor
outputs can handle up to
50mA each. We highly
recommend that you use an
external power source as
shown. It must be capable of
providing at least 100mA to
drive both outputs at full load.
To drive loads that require
more than 50mA, use external
relay circuits as shown below.

L100 Inverter
Open collector outputs

Logic output
common

CM2

–
+
Load
Load

If you need output current
greater than 50mA, use the
inverter output to drive a
small relay. Be sure to use a
diode across the coil of the
relay as shown (reversebiased) in order to suppress
the turn-off spike, or use a
solid-state relay.

L100 Inverter
Open collector outputs

Logic output
common

CM2

–
+
RY
RY

Operations
and Monitoring

Sinking Outputs,
Open Collector with
External Relays

4–22

Using Intelligent Output Terminals

Run Signal
When the [RUN] signal is selected as an
intelligent output terminal, the inverter
outputs a signal on that terminal when it is in
Run Mode. The output logic is active low, and
is the open collector type (switch to ground).

[FW], 1
[RV] 0
B 82
Output
freq.

start freq.

Run 1
Signal 0

ON
t

Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

RUN

Function Name
Run Signal

Valid for outputs:

11, 12

Required settings:

(none)

Output
State

Description

when inverter is in Run Mode

OFF

when inverter is in Stop Mode

Notes:
• The inverter outputs the [RUN] signal whenever the
inverter output exceeds the start frequency specified
by parameter B_82. The start frequency is the initial
inverter output frequency when it turns ON.

Example (default output configuration
shown—see page 3–36):
RU

Inverter output
terminal circuit

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
+
–

Operations
and Monitoring

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

NOTE: The example circuit in the table above drives a relay coil. Note the use of a
diode to prevent the negative-going turn-off spike generated by the coil from damaging
the inverter’s output transistor.

L100 Inverter

4–23

Frequency Arrival Signals
The Frequency Arrival group of outputs help coordinate external systems with the
current velocity profile of the inverter. As the name implies, output [FA1] turns ON
when the output frequency arrives at the standard set frequency (parameter F_01).
Output [FA2] relies on programmable accel/ decel thresholds for increased flexibility.
For example, you can have an output turn ON at one frequency during acceleration, and
have it turn OFF at a different frequency during deceleration. All transitions have hysteresis to avoid output chatter if the output frequency is near one of the thresholds.
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

FA1

FA2

Function Name
Frequency Arrival
Type 1 – Constant
Speed
Frequency Arrival
Type 2 – Overfrequency

Valid for outputs:

11, 12

Required settings:

(none)

Output
State

Description

when output to motor is at the set frequency

OFF

when output to motor is OFF, or in any acceleration or deceleration ramp

when output to motor is at or above the set
frequency thresholds for, even if in acceleration
or deceleration ramps

OFF

when output to motor is OFF, or during acceleration or deceleration before the respective thresholds are crossed

Notes:
• For most applications you will need to use only one

Inverter output
terminal circuit

FA1

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11

See I/O specs
on page 4–6.

+
–

Operations
and Monitoring

type of frequency arrival outputs (see examples).
However, it is possible assign both output terminals
to output functions [FA1] and [FA2].
• For each frequency arrival threshold, the output
anticipates the threshold (turns ON early) by 1.5Hz.
• The output turns OFF as the output frequency
moves away from the threshold, delayed by 0.5Hz.
• The delay time of the output signal is 60 ms
(nominal).

Example (default output configuration
shown—see page 3–36):

4–24

Using Intelligent Output Terminals

Operations
and Monitoring

Frequency arrival output [FA1] uses the
Output
standard output frequency (parameter
freq.
F_01) as the threshold for switching. In
the figure to the right, Frequency Arrival
[FA1] turns ON when the output
frequency gets within 0.5 Hz below or
1.5 Hz above the target constant
0
frequency. This provides hysteresis that
prevents output chatter near the threshold FA1
value.The hysteresis effect causes the
signal
output to turn ON slightly early as the
speed approaches the threshold. Then the
turn-OFF point is slightly delayed. The
timing is further modified by a small
60 ms delay. Note the active low nature of
the signal, due to the open collector output.

0.5 Hz

Frequency arrival output [FA2] works the
Output
same way; it just uses two separate
freq.
Thresholds
thresholds as shown in the figure to the
right. These provide for separate acceler- C 42 accel.
ation and deceleration thresholds to
C 43 decel.
provide more flexibility than for [FA1].
0
[FA2] uses C_42 during acceleration for
the ON threshold, and C_43 during decelFA2
eration for the OFF threshold. This signal
signal
also is active low and has a 60 ms delay
after the frequency thresholds are
crossed. Having different accel and decel
thresholds provides an asymmetrical
output function. However, you can use
equal ON and OFF thresholds, if desired.

F 01

1.5 Hz

F 01
1.5 Hz

0.5 Hz

t
ON

t
60 ms

60 ms

0.5 Hz

1.5 Hz

t
ON

60 ms

L100 Inverter

4–25

Overload Advance Notice Signal
When the output current exceeds a preset
value, the [OL] terminal signal turns ON.
The parameter C_41 sets the overload
threshold. The overload detection circuit
operates during powered motor operation and during regenerative braking. The
output circuits use open-collector
transistors, and are active low.

Current

threshold

C 41

power running

C 41

regeneration
threshold

[OL] 1
Signal 0

t
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Function Name
Overload Advance
Notice Signal

Valid for outputs:

11, 12

Required settings:

C_41

Output
State

Description

when output current is more than the set threshold for the overload signal

OFF

when output current is less than the set threshold
for the overload signal

Notes:
• The default value is 100%. To change the level

Example (requires output configuration—
see page 3–36):
OL

Inverter output
terminal circuit

from the default, set C_41 (overload level).

• The accuracy of this function is the same as the
function of the output current monitor on the [FM]
terminal (see page “Analog and Digital Monitor
Output” on page 4–30).

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
+
–

Operations
and Monitoring

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

4–26

Using Intelligent Output Terminals

Output Deviation for PID Control
The PID loop error is defined as the
magnitude (absolute value) of the difference between the Setpoint (target value)
and the Process Variable (actual value).
When the error magnitude exceeds the
preset value for C_44, the [OD] terminal
signal turns ON. Refer to “PID Loop
Operation” on page 4–32.

SP, PV

Process variable
Setpoint

C 44
C 44

[OD] 1
Signal 0

t
Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Function Name

Output
State

Output Deviation for
PID Control

Valid for outputs:

11, 12

Required settings:

C_44

Description

when PID error is more than the set threshold for
the deviation signal

OFF

when PID error is less than the set threshold for
the deviation signal

Notes:
• The default difference value is set to 3%. To change

Example (requires output configuration—
see page 3–36):
OD

Inverter output
terminal circuit

this value, change parameter C_44 (deviation
level).

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11

Operations
and Monitoring

+
–

See I/O specs on page 4–6.

4–27

L100 Inverter

Alarm Signal
The inverter alarm signal is active when a fault has
occurred and it is in the Trip Mode (refer to the
diagram at right). When the fault is cleared the
alarm signal becomes inactive.

STOP

RESET

Run

Stop
RUN
STOP

RESET
We must make a distinction between the alarm
Fault
Trip
Fault
signal AL and the alarm relay contacts [AL0],
[AL1] and [AL2]. The signal AL is a logic
function, which you can assign to the open collecAlarm signal active
tor output terminals [11] or [12]. The relay is
dedicated to the function AL, thus the labeling of its terminals. Use an open collector
output (terminal [11] or [12]) for a low-current logic signal interface or to energize a
small relay (50 mA maximum). Use the relay output to interface to higher voltage and
current devices (10 mA minimum).

Option
Code

Terminal
Symbol

Function Name
Alarm Signal

Valid for outputs:

11, 12

Required settings:

C_33

Output
State
ON

when an alarm signal has occurred and has not
been cleared

OFF

when no alarm has occurred since the last
clearing of alarm(s)

Notes:
• When the alarm output is set to normally closed, a
•

•
•

time delay of less than 2 seconds occurs until the
contact is closed when the power is turned ON.
Terminals 11 and 12 are open collector outputs, so
the electric specifications of [AL] are different
from the contact output terminals [AL0], [AL1],
[AL2].
When the inverter power supply is turned OFF, the
alarm signal output is valid as long as the external
control circuit has power.
This signal output has the delay time (300 ms
nominal) from the fault alarm output.
The relay contact specifications are in “Specifications of Control and Logic Connections” on
page 4–6. The contact diagrams for different conditions are on the next page.

Example for terminal [11] or [12] (requires
output configuration—see page 3–36):
AL

Inverter output
terminal circuit

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
+
–

Example for terminals [AL0], [AL1], [AL2]
(default output configuration shown—
see page 3–36):
Inverter logic
circuit board
Relay position
shown is during
normal running
(no alarm).

See I/O specs
on page 4–6.

AL0 AL1 AL2
Power
supply

Load

Operations
and Monitoring

•

Description

4–28

Using Intelligent Output Terminals
The alarm output terminals are connected as shown below (left) by default. The contact
logic can be inverted as shown (below right) by using the parameter setting C_33. The
relay contacts normally open (N.O.) and normally closed (N.O.) convention uses
“normal” to mean the inverter has power and is in Run or Stop Mode. The relay contacts
switch to the opposite position when it is in Trip Mode or when input power is OFF.
N.C. contacts (after initialization)

During normal running

When an alarm occurs
or power is turned OFF

AL0 AL1 AL2

Operations
and Monitoring

N.O. contact (inverted by C_33 setting)

AL0 AL1 AL2

Contact

Power

N.C.
(after
initialize,
C_33=01)

Run
State

During normal running
or power is turned OFF

When an alarm occurs

AL0 AL1 AL2

AL0AL1

AL0AL2

Normal Closed

Open

Trip

Open

Closed

OFF

—

Open

Closed

AL0 AL1 AL2

Contact

Power

Run
State

AL0AL1

AL0AL2

N.O.
(set
C_33=00)

Normal

Open

Closed

Trip

Closed

Open

OFF

—

Open

Closed

L100 Inverter

4–29

Analog Input Operation
The L100 inverters provide for analog input
H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
to command the inverter frequency output
+V Ref.
value. The analog input terminal group
includes the [L], [OI], [O], and [H] terminals Voltage input
on the control connector, which provide for
Current input
Voltage [O] or Current [OI] input. All analog
input signals must use the analog ground [L]. A GND
If you use either the voltage or current analog
input, you must select one of them using the
logic input terminal function [AT] analog
type. If terminal [AT] is OFF, the voltage
input [O] can command the inverter output
frequency. If terminal [AT] is ON, the current
input [OI] can command the inverter output
frequency. The [AT] terminal function is
covered in “Analog Input Current/Voltage
Select” on page 4–18. Remember that you
must also set A_01 = 01 to select analog input
as the frequency source.

V/I input
select
[AT]

A 01
Frequency
setting

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
4-20 mA, AT= ON
+–

0-10 V, AT= OFF

NOTE: If no logic input terminal is configured for the [AT] function, then inverter sums
the voltage and current input to determine the desired input value.

Voltage Input – The voltage input circuit uses
terminals [L] and [O]. Attach the signal
cable’s shield wire only to terminal [L] on the
inverter. Maintain the voltage within specifications (do not apply negative voltage).

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
0 to 9.6 VDC,
0 to 10V nominal
+–

Current Input – The current input circuit
H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
uses terminals [OI] and [L]. The current
comes from a sourcing type transmitter; a
4 to 19.6 mA DC,
sinking type will not work! This means the
4 to 20 mA nominal
current must flow into terminal [OI], and
terminal [L] is the return back to the transmit- See I/O specs on page 4–6.
ter. The input impedance from [OI] to [L] is
250 Ohms. Attach the cable shield wire only to terminal [L] on the inverter.

Operations
and Monitoring

Using an external potentiometer is a common
H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
way to control the inverter output frequency
(and a good way to learn how to use the
analog inputs). The potentiometer uses the
built-in 10V reference [H] and the analog
ground [L] for excitation, and the voltage
1 to 2kΩ, 2W
input [O] for the signal. By default, the [AT]
terminal selects the voltage input when it is OFF. Take care to use the proper resistance
for the potentiometer, which is 1 to 2 k Ohms, 2 Watts.

4–30

Analog and Digital Monitor Output

Analog and Digital Monitor Output
In the system design for inverter applications it is useful to monitor the inverter operation from a remote location. In some cases, this requires only a panel-mounted analog
meter (moving-coil type). In other cases, a controller device such as a PLC may
command the inverter frequency and other functions. Sometimes it is useful to have the
inverter transmit the (real-time) output frequency value back to the controller to confirm
actual operation. The monitor output function [FM] serves these purposes.
The inverter provides an analog/digital output
H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
primarily for frequency monitoring on terminal
[FM] (frequency monitor). It uses terminal [L] as A GND
analog GND reference. You can configure
Analog/digital Output
terminal [FM] to transmit the inverter current
output or frequency output in pulse-width
See I/O specs on page 4–6.
modulated format (PWM). You can also configure terminal [FM] to output the frequency value in a frequency-modulated (FM) format.
The following table lists terminal [FM] configurations. Use function C_23 to configure.
Func.

Code

C_23

Description

Waveform

Full Scale value

Output frequency

PWM

0 – Max. frequency (Hz)

Output current

PWM

0 – 200%

Output frequency

0 – Max. frequency (Hz)

Operations
and Monitoring

PWM Signal Type
The pulse-width modulated signal at terminal
[FM] is primarily designed for driving a movingcoil meter. The PWM signal is automatically
averaged by the inertia of the moving-coil mechanism—converting the PWM signal to an analog
representation. Be sure to use a 10V full-scale DC
voltmeter.

H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
–

0 to 10V,
1 mA

The signal characteristics of terminal [FM] in PWM configuration is shown below:
Pulse-width modulation (analog)
[FM]

[FM] Output = --tT
C_23 = 00 Inverter output frequency

10V

C_23 = 01 Inverter output current
0V
T

T = 4 ms

B 81 PWM scale factor

To calibrate the meter reading, generate a full-scale output (always ON) at terminal
[FM]. Then use parameter B_81(gain setting from 0 to 255) to adjust the corresponding
full-scale reading of the meter. For example, when the inverter output frequency is
60 Hz, change the value of B_81 so that the meter reads 60 Hz.

L100 Inverter

4–31

TIP: When using the analog meter for monitoring, adjust the meter so it has a zero
reading when the [FM] output is zero. Then use scale factor B_81 to adjust the [FM]
output so the maximum frequency in the inverter corresponds to a full-scale reading on
the meter.
The following accuracy notes apply for PWM monitor outputs:
• The monitor accuracy for frequency monitoring after adjustment is about ±5%.
Depending on the motor, the accuracy may exceed this value.
• The monitor display accuracy for current (normally ± 20%, depending on the
connected motor’s characteristics) can be improved by adjusting parameter B_32.
• The accuracy of the current reading is given by the equation:
Imc
– Im--------------------× 100 ≤ ± 20%
Ir

Im = Inverter output current (measured)
Imc = Monitor display current
Ir = Inverter rated current

• If precise current measurement is necessary, use the moving-coil type ammeter
between the inverter and the motor.

FM Signal Type
The frequency-modulated output at terminal [FM] varies its frequency with the inverter
output frequency (C_23=03). The multiplier is 10, such that the maximum [FM] signal
frequency is 10 x 360 = 3.6 kHz, or 10 times the inverter’s maximum output frequency.
The signal at [FM] uses the parameter A_04 Maximum frequency setting. For example, if
A_04 = 60 Hz, then the maximum signal value at [FM] will be 10 x 60 = 600 Hz. This
frequency is digitally controlled for accuracy, and does not use the B_81 gain setting
when C_23=03 (frequency modulation selection).
[FM]

50% fixed duty cycle

10V

1
[FM] Output value = --------------T × 10
C_23 = 02 Selects FM type output

0V
T

1
T = -------------------------------------------------------[FM] Output value × 10

Operations
and Monitoring

PWM Smoothing Circuit – You may also
wish to smooth the PWM signal at the [FM] H O OI L FM CM2 12 11
–
+
terminal and convert it to an analog signal.
The [FM] terminal will then generate a
relatively stable DC analog voltage that
82kΩ
+
represents the output value. To do this, use
+
the circuit shown to the right. Note the
33kΩ
1µF Volts
output impedance of the circuit is at least
–
82kΩ, so the monitoring device needs an
input impedance of 1MΩ or greater. Other- See I/O specs on page 4–6.
wise, the impedance of the smoothing
circuit will cause a non-linearity in the reading.

4–32

PID Loop Operation

PID Loop Operation
In standard operation, the inverter uses a reference source selected by parameter A_01
for the output frequency, which may be a fixed value (F_01), a variable set by the front
panel potentiometer, or value from an analog input (voltage or current). To enable PID
operation, set A_71 = 01. This causes the inverter to calculate the target frequency, or
setpoint.
A calculated target frequency can have a lot of advantages. It lets the inverter adjust the
motor speed to optimize some other process of interest, potentially saving energy as
well. Refer to the figure below. The motor acts upon the external process. To control that
external process, the inverter must monitor the process variable. This requires wiring a
sensor to either the analog input terminal [O] (voltage) or terminal [OI] (current).

Setpoint
SP

∑

Error

PID
Freq.
Inverter
Calculation

Motor

External
Process

PV
Process Variable (PV)

Sensor

When enabled, the PID loop calculates the ideal output frequency to minimize the loop
error. This means we no longer command the inverter to run at a particular frequency,
but we specify the ideal value for the process variable. That ideal value is called the
setpoint, and is specified in the units of the external process variable. For a pump application it may be gallons/minute, or it could be air velocity or temperature for an HVAC
unit. Parameter A_75 is a scale factor that relates the external process variable units to
motor frequency. The figure below is a more detailed diagram of the PID function.
Standard
setting

Operations
and Monitoring

F 01
Multi-speed
settings

Setpoint
(Target)
Scale factor
reciprocal
1

Scale factor

A 75

F 01

Frequency
source select

A 01

A 75

P gain

A 20 to A 35

A 72

Potentiometer
on keypad

Error
SP

V/I input
select
[AT]

∑

I gain

A 73

∑

Frequency
setting

PV
Process Variable
(Feedback)

Voltage

D gain

A 74

Analog input scaling

O
A GND
L

A 12

Scale factor

Monitor

A 11

A 75

D 04

A 15 A 13 A 14
OI
Current

A 76

PID V/I input select

L100 Inverter

4–33

Configuring the Inverter for Multiple Motors
Simultaneous Connections
For some applications, you may need to connect two
or more motors (wired in parallel) to a single
inverter’s output. For example, this is common in
conveyor applications where two separate conveyors
need to have approximately the same speed. The use
of two motors may be less expensive than making the
mechanical link for one motor to drive multiple
conveyors.
Some of the characteristics of using multiple motors
with one drive are:
• The inverter output must be rated to handle the sum
of the currents from the motors.
• You must use separate thermal protection switches
or devices to protect each motor. Locate the device
for each motor inside the motor housing or as close
to it as possible.

L100

U/T1
V/T2
W/T3
U/T1
V/T2
W/T3

Motor 1

Motor 2

to Nth motor

• The wiring for the motors must be permanently connected in parallel (do not remove
one motor from the circuit during operation).
NOTE: The motor speeds are identical only in theory. That is because slight differences
in their loads will cause one motor to slip a little more than another, even if the motors
are identical. Therefore, do not use this technique for multi-axis machinery that must
maintain a fixed position reference between its axes.

Operations
and Monitoring

Inverter System
Accessories
In This Chapter....

5
page

— Introduction ..................................................... 2
— Component Descriptions................................. 3
— Dynamic Braking ............................................. 5

5–2

Introduction

Introduction
A motor control system will obviously include a motor and inverter, as well as fuses for
safety. If you are connecting a motor to the inverter on a test bench just to get started,
that’s all you may need for now. But a fully developed system can also have a variety of
additional components. Some can be for noise suppression, while others may enhance
the inverter’s braking performance. The figure below shows a system with several
possible optional components, and the table gives part number information.
From power supply
Part No. Series
Breaker,
MCCB or
GFI

Name

ALI–xxx2

HRL–x

5–3

AC reactor

RF noise filter, input
side

ZCL–xxx

5–4

RF noise filter

EMI filter (for CE)

FFL100–xxx

5–4

Capacitive filter

CFI–x

5–4

DC link choke

DCL–x–xx

HDC–xxx

5–4

Braking resistor

JRB–xxx–x
SRB–xxx–x

5–5

HRB-x,
NSRBx00–x
NJRB–xxx

5–5

Capacitive filter

Braking resistor,
NEMA-rated

L3
+1
DC link choke

Braking
resistor

Inverter

Braking
unit

RB
–

GND
T2 T3
RF noise
filter

Motor Control
Accessories

USA

See
page

AC reactor, input side

EMI filter

Europe,
Japan

AC reactor, or
LCR filter

Motor
Thermal
switch

—

Resistance braking
unit

BRD–xxx

5–5

RF noise filter, output
side

ZCL–xxx

5–4

AC reactor, output
side

ALI–x2–xxx

HRL–xxx

5–3

LCR filter

Combination:
ALI–x2–xxx
LPF–xxx
R–2–xxx

HRL–xxC

5–3

Note: The Hitachi part number series for accessories includes different sizes of each part type,
specified by the –x suffix. Hitachi product literature can help match size and rating of your
inverter to the proper accessory size.
Each inverter accessory comes with its own printed
instruction manual. Please refer to those manuals for
complete installation details. This chapter gives only an
overview of these optional system devices.

L100 Inverter

5–3

Component Descriptions
AC Reactors, Input Side
This is useful in suppressing harmonics induced on the power supply lines, or when the
main power voltage imbalance exceeds 3% (and power source capacity is more than
500 kVA), or to smooth out line fluctuations. It also improves the power factor.
In the following cases for a general-purpose inverter, a large peak current flows on the
main power supply side, and is able to destroy the inverter module:
• If the unbalanced factor of the power supply is 3% or higher
• If the power supply capacity is at least 10 times greater than the inverter capacity (the
power supply capacity is 500 kVA or more)
• If abrupt power supply changes are expected
Examples of these situations include:
1. Several inverters are connected in parallel, sharing the same power bus
2. A thyristor converter and an inverter are connected in parallel, sharing the same
power bus
3. An installed phase-advance (power factor correction) capacitor opens and closes
Where these conditions exist or when the connected equipment must be highly reliable,
you MUST install an input-side AC reactor of 3% (at a voltage drop at rated current)
with respect to the supply voltage on the power supply side. Also, where the effects of an
indirect lightning strike are possible, install a lightning conductor.
Example calculation:
VRS = 205V, VST = 203V, VTR = 197V,
where VRS is R-S line voltage, VST is S-T line voltage, VTR is T-R line voltage
Max. line voltage (min.) – Mean line voltage
Unbalance factor of voltage = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- × 100
Meanline voltage
V RS – ( V RS + V ST + V TR ) ⁄ 3
205 – 202
= ------------------------------------------------------------------- × 100 = ------------------------ × 100 = 1.5%
( V RS + V ST + V TR ) ⁄ 3
202
Please refer to the documentation that comes with the AC reactor for installation instructions.

AC Reactors, Output Side
Motor Control
Accessories

This reactor reduces the vibrations in the motor caused by the inverter’s switching
waveforms, by smoothing the waveforms to approximate commercial power quality. It is
also useful to reduce the reflected voltage wave phenomenon when wiring from the
inverter to the motor is more than 10m in length. Please refer to the documentation that
comes with the AC reactor for installation instructions.

5–4

Component Descriptions

Zero-phase Reactor (RF Noise Filter)
The zero-phase reactor helps reduce
radiated noise from the inverter wiring. It
can be used on the input or output side of
the inverter. The example zero-phase
reactor shown to the right comes with a
mounting bracket. The wiring must go
through the opening to reduce the RF
component of the electrical noise. Loop
the wires three times (four turns) to attain
the full RF filtering effect. For larger wire
sizes, place multiple zero-phase reactors
(up to four) side-by-side for a greater
filtering effect.

ZCL–xxx

EMI Filter
The EMI filter reduces the conducted noise on the power supply wiring generated by the
inverter. Connect the EMI filter to the inverter primary (input side). The FFL100 series
filter is required for compliance to the EMC Class A directive (Europe) and C-TICK
(Australia). See “CE–EMC Installation Guidelines” on page C–2.
WARNING: The EMI filter has high internal leakage current from power wiring to the
chassis. Therefore, connect the chassis ground of the EMI filter before making the power
connections to avoid danger of shock or injury.

FFL100–xxx

Motor Control
Accessories

RF Noise Filter (Capacitive)
This capacitive filter reduces radiated noise from the main power wires in the inverter
input side. This filter is not for achieving CE compliance and is applicable to the input
side only of the inverter. It comes in two versions—for 200V class inverters or 400V
class inverters. Please refer to the documentation that comes with the radio noise filter
for installation instructions.

DC Link Choke
The DC choke (reactor) suppresses harmonics generated by the inverter. It attenuates the
high-frequency components on the inverter’s internal DC bus (link). However, note that
it does not protect the diode rectifiers in the inverter input circuit.

5–5

L100 Inverter

Dynamic Braking
Introduction
The purpose of dynamic braking is to improve the ability of the inverter to stop (decelerate) the motor and load. This becomes necessary when an application has some or all of
the following characteristics:
• High load inertia compared to the available motor torque
• The application requires frequent or sudden changes in speed
• System losses are not great enough to slow the motor as needed
When the inverter reduces its output frequency to decelerate the load, the motor can
temporarily become a generator. This occurs when the motor rotation frequency is
higher than the inverter output frequency. This condition can cause the inverter DC bus
voltage to rise, resulting in an over-voltage trip. In many applications, the over-voltage
condition serves as a warning signal that we have exceeded the deceleration capabilities
of the system. The L100 inverter can connect to an external braking unit, which sends
the regenerative energy from the motor during deceleration to the optional braking resistor(s). The dynamic braking resistor serves as a load, developing heat to stop the motor
just as brakes on an automobile develop heat during braking.
A switching circuit and power resistor are the main components of the dynamic braking
unit that includes a fuse and thermally activated alarm relay for safety. However, be
careful to avoid overheating its resistor. The fuse and thermal relay are safeguards for
extreme conditions, but the inverter can maintain braking usage in a safe zone.

Dynamic Braking Usage
Dynamic braking usage must follow guidelines to avoid overheating. The timing diagram Output
to the right shows the output frequency versus freq.
time. Dynamic braking is in effect during the
deceleration ramp, and has the following
constraints:
• Dynamic braking maximum duty cycle
= 10%, where Tb/Tc ≤ 0.1 sec.

Dynamic braking

• Dynamic braking maximum continuous ON
time Tb ≤ 10 sec.

Selecting Braking Resistors for External Braking Units
Braking
unit

Braking
unit

Motor Control
Accessories

200V Class Inverters – The following tables
specify the braking options for 200V class
L100 inverters and the braking torque for each Inverter
option. You can connect a single braking unit
to the inverter, or two braking units for
+
additional stopping torque.
–

5–6

Dynamic Braking
Use one BRD–E2 braking unit for the braking torque listed in the following table.
Note the column meanings in the tables:
• Column “A” = Average braking torque from 60 Hz to 3 Hz.
• Column “B” = Average braking torque from 120 Hz to 3 Hz
L100 Inverter 200V Models

Model Number

Braking torque
without
braking unit

Braking Torque with BRD–E2 Braking Unit
External resistor added

Using built-in
resistor only
A

HRB1

HRB2

HRB3

002NFE/NFU

1/4

50%

150%

120%

004NFE/NFU

1/2

50%

150%

120%

005NFE/NFU

3/4

50%

150%

120%

007NFE/NFU

50%

100%

80%

150%

120%

011NFE/NFU

1.5

50%

60%

100%

80%

015NFE/NFU

50%

100%

80%

022NFE/NFU

20%

50%

100%

80%

037LFU

20%

40%

60%

100%

150%

120%

055LFU

7.5

20%

30%

50%

70%

100%

80%

075LFU

20%

40%

50%

80%

Connect a second braking unit in parallel for additional braking torque listed in the
following table.
L100 Inverter 200V Models

Motor Control
Accessories

Model Number

Braking torque
without
braking unit

Braking Torque with TWO (2) BRD–E2 Braking Units
External resistor added

Using built-in
resistor only
A

HRB1

HRB2

HRB3

002NFE/NFU

1/4

50%

150%

120%

004NFE/NFU

1/2

50%

150%

120%

005NFE/NFU

3/4

50%

150%

120%

007NFE/NFU

50%

150%

120%

011NFE/NFU

1.5

50%

100%

80%

015NFE/NFU

50%

100%

80%

022NFE/NFU

20~40%

70%

150%

120%

037LFU

20~40%

50%

110%

90%

055LFU

7.5

20%

30%

80%

100%

150%

075LFU

20%

30%

60%

80%

100%

5–7

L100 Inverter
400V Class Inverters – The following tables
specify the braking options for 400V class
L100 inverters and the braking torque for each Inverter
option. You can connect a single braking unit
to the inverter, or two braking units for
+
additional braking torque.
–
Use one BRD–EZ2 braking unit for the
braking torque listed in the following table.
L100 Inverter 400V Models

Model Number

Braking torque
without
braking unit

Braking
unit

Braking Torque with BRD–EZ2 Braking Unit
Using built-in
resistor only
A

External resistor added
HRB1 x (2)
A

HRB2 x (2)
A

004HFE/HFU

1/2

50%

150%

007HFE/HFU

50%

150%

015HFE/HFU

50%

100%

022HFE/HFU

20%

60%

030HFE/HFU

20%

50%

150%

040HFE/HFU

20%

40%

130%

150%

055HFE/HFU

7.5

20%

30%

100%

130%

075HFE/HFU

20%

70%

100%

HRB3 x (2)
A

Connect a second braking unit in parallel for additional braking torque listed in the
following table.
L100 Inverter 400V Models

Model Number

Braking torque
without
braking unit

Braking Torque with TWO (2)BRD–EZ2 Braking Units
Using built-in
resistor only
A

External resistor added
HRB1 x (2)
A

1/2

50%

150%

007HFE/HFU

50%

150%

015HFE/HFU

50%

150%

022HFE/HFU

20%

130%

030HFE/HFU

20%

100%

040HFE/HFU

20%

70%

055HFE/HFU

7.5

20%

50%

150%

075HFE/HFU

20%

40%

140%

HRB3 x (2)
A

Motor Control
Accessories

004HFE/HFU

HRB2 x (2)

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance
In This Chapter....

6
page

— Troubleshooting............................................... 2
— Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions . 5
— Restoring Factory Default Settings ................. 8
— Maintenance and Inspection ........................... 9
— Warranty........................................................ 16

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

6–2

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting
Safety Messages
Please read the following safety messages before troubleshooting or performing maintenance on the inverter and motor system.
WARNING: Wait at least five (5) minutes after turning OFF the input power supply
before performing maintenance or an inspection. Otherwise, there is the danger of
electric shock.
WARNING: Make sure that only qualified personnel will perform maintenance, inspection, and part replacement. Before starting to work, remove any metallic objects from
your person (wristwatch, bracelet, etc.). Be sure to use tools with insulated handles.
Otherwise, there is a danger of electric shock and/or injury to personnel.
WARNING: Never remove connectors by pulling on its wire leads (wires for cooling
fan and logic P.C.board). Otherwise, there is a danger of fire due to wire breakage and/or
injury to personnel.

General Precautions and Notes
• Always keep the unit clean so that dust or other foreign matter does not enter the
inverter.
• Take special care in regard to breaking wires or making connection mistakes.
• Firmly connect terminals and connectors.
• Keep electronic equipment away from moisture and oil. Dust, steel filings and other
foreign matter can damage insulation, causing unexpected accidents, so take special
care.

Inspection Items
This chapter provides instructions or checklists for these inspection items:
• Daily inspection
• Periodic inspection (approximately once a year)
• Insulation resistance test

L100 Inverter

6–3

Troubleshooting Tips

Symptom/condition

Probable Cause

Solution

• Is the frequency command source

• Make sure the parameter

A_01 parameter setting correct?
• Is the Run command source A_02
parameter setting correct?

setting A_01 is correct.
• Make sure the parameter
setting A_02 is correct.

• Is power being supplied to termi-

• Check terminals [L1], [L2],

nals [L1], [L2], and [L3/N]? If so,
the POWER lamp should be ON.

• Is there an error code E X X
displayed?
The inverter
outputs [U], [V],
[W] are not
• Are the signals to the intelligent
supplying
input terminals correct?
voltage.
• Is the Run Command active?
The motor
• Is the [FW] terminal (or [RV])
will not run.
connected to [P24] (via switch,
etc.)

and [L3/N], then [U/T1],
[V/T2], and [W/T3].
• Turn ON the power supply
or check fuses.

• Press the Func. key and
determine the error type.
Eliminate the error cause,
then clear the error (Reset).

• Verify the terminal functions
for C_01 – C_05 are correct.
• Turn ON Run Command
enable.
• Supply 24V to [FW] or [RV]
terminal, if configured.

• Has the frequency setting for F_01

• Set the parameter for F_01

been set greater than zero?
• Are the control circuit terminals
[H], [O], and [L] connected to the
potentiometer?

to a safe, non-zero value.
• If the potentiometer is the
frequency setting source,
verify voltage at [O] > 0V.

• Is the RS (reset) function or FRS

• Turn OFF the command(s).

(free-run stop) function ON?
Inverter outputs
[U], [V], [W]
are supplying
voltage.

• Is the motor load too heavy?

The optional
remote operator
is used (SRW).

• Are the operational settings

motor independently.

between the remote operator and
the inverter unit correct?

• Are the connections of output

The direction of the motor is
reversed.

• Reduce load, and test the

terminals [U/T1], [V/T2], and
[W/T3] correct?
• Is the phase sequence of the motor
forward or reverse with respect to
[U/T1], [V/T2], and [W/T3]?

• Check the operator type
setting.

• Make connections according
to the phase sequence of the
motor. In general:
FWD = U-V-W, and
REV=U-W-V.

• Are the control terminals [FW] and • Use terminal [FW] for
[RV] wired correctly?
• Is parameter F_04 properly set?

forward, and [RV] for
reverse.
• Set motor direction in F_04.

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

The table below lists typical symptoms and the corresponding solution(s).

6–4

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

Symptom/condition

Probable Cause

• If using the analog input, is the
current or voltage at [O] or [OI]?

Solution

• Check the wiring.
• Check the potentiometer or
signal generating device.

• Is the load too heavy?
The motor speed will not reach
the target frequency (desired
speed).

overload restriction feature
(reduces output as needed).

• Is the inverter internally limiting
the output frequency?

• Is the load fluctuation too great?
The rotation is unstable.

• Was power turned OFF after a

Inverter data
is not
correct.

A parameter
will not
change after
an edit
(reverts to
old setting).

• Check max frequency
setting (A_04)
• Check frequency upper limit
setting (A_61)

• Increase the motor capacity

(both inverter and motor).
• Is the supply voltage unstable?
• Fix power supply problem.
• Is the problem occurring at a partic- • Change the output
ular frequency?
frequency slightly, or use the
jump frequency setting to
skip the problem frequency.

The RPM of the motor does not • Is the maximum frequency setting
match the inverter output
A_04 correct?
frequency setting.
• Does the monitor function D_01
display the expected output
frequency?

No downloads
have occurred.

• Reduce the load.
• Heavy loads activate the

parameter edit but before pressing
the Store key?

• Edits to data are permanently
stored at power down. Was the time
from power OFF to power ON less
than six seconds?

• Verify the V/f settings match
motor specifications.

• Make sure all scaling (such
as A_11 to A_14) is
properly set.

• Edit the data and press the
Store key once.

• Wait six seconds or more
before turning power OFF
after editing data.

A download to
the inverter was
attempted.

• Was the power turned OFF within

True for certain
parameters

• Is the inverter in Run Mode? Some • Put inverter in Stop Mode

True for all
parameters

• If you’re using the [SFT] intelligent • Change the state of the SFT

six seconds after the display
changed from REMT to INV?

parameters cannot be edited during
Run Mode.
input (software lock function)—is
the [SFT] input ON?

• Copy the data to the inverter
again, and keep power ON
for six seconds or more after
copying.
(press the Stop/reset key).
Then edit the parameter.
input, and check the B_31
parameter (SFT mode).

L100 Inverter

6–5

Fault Detection and Clearing
The microprocessor in the inverter detects a variety
STOP
RESET
of fault conditions and captures the event, recordRun
Stop
ing it in a history table. The inverter output turns
RUN
OFF, or “trips” similar to the way a circuit breaker
STOP
trips due to an over-current condition. Most faults
RESET
Fault
occur when the motor is running (refer to the
Trip
Fault
diagram to the right). However, the inverter could
have an internal fault and trip in Stop Mode. In
either case, you can clear the fault by pressing the Stop/Reset key. Additionally, you can
clear the inverter’s cumulative trip history by performing the procedure “Restoring
Factory Default Settings” on page 6–8 (setting B_84=00 will clear the trip history but
leave inverter settings intact).

Error Codes
An error code will appear on the display automatically when a fault causes the inverter
to trip. The following table lists the cause associated with the error.
Error
Code

E 01
E 02
E 03
E 04

Name
Over current event while
at constant speed
Over current event during
deceleration
Over current event during
acceleration

Cause(s)
The inverter output was short-circuited, or the motor
shaft is locked or has a heavy load. These conditions
cause excessive current for the inverter, so the
inverter output is turned OFF.
The dual-voltage motor is wired incorrectly.

Over current event during
other conditions

E 05

Overload protection

When a motor overload is detected by the electronic
thermal function, the inverter trips and turns OFF its
output.

E 07

Over voltage protection

When the DC bus voltage exceeds a threshold, due to
regenerative energy from the motor.

E 08

EEPROM error

When the built-in EEPROM memory has problems
due to noise or excessive temperature, the inverter
trips and turns OFF its output to the motor.

E 09

Under-voltage error

A decrease of internal DC bus voltage below a threshold results in a control circuit fault. This condition can
also generate excessive motor heat or cause low
torque. The inverter trips and turns OFF its output.

CPU error

A malfunction in the built-in CPU has occurred, so
the inverter trips and turns OFF its output to the
motor.

E1 1
E22

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

6–6

Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions

Error
Code

Name

Cause(s)

E1 2

External trip

A signal on an intelligent input terminal configured as
EXT has occurred. The inverter trips and turns OFF
the output to the motor.

E1 3

USP

When the Unattended Start Protection (USP) is
enabled, an error occurred when power is applied
while a Run signal is present. The inverter trips and
does not go into Run Mode until the error is cleared.

E1 4

Ground fault

The inverter is protected by the detection of ground
faults between the inverter output and the motor
during powerup tests. This feature protects the
inverter, and does not protect humans.

E1 5

Input over-voltage

When the input voltage is higher than the specified
value, it is detected 100 seconds after powerup and
the inverter trips and turns OFF its output.

E21

Inverter thermal trip

When the inverter internal temperature is above the
threshold, the thermal sensor in the inverter module
detects the excessive temperature of the power
devices and trips, turning the inverter output OFF.

E35

Thermistor

When a thermistor is connected to terminals [5] and
[CM1] and the inverter has sensed the temperature is
too high, the inverter trips and turns OFF the output.

Under-voltage (brownout) with output shutoff

Due to low input voltage, the inverter turns its output
OFF and tries to restart. If it fails to restart, then the
alarm trips to record the under-voltage error event.

---U

NOTE: If an EEPROM error (E08) occurs, be sure to confirm the parameter data values
are still correct. If the power is turned OFF while the [RS] (Reset) intelligent input
terminal is ON, an EEPROM error will occur when power is restored.

6–7

L100 Inverter

Trip History and Inverter Status

The following Monitor Menu map shows how to access the error codes. When fault(s)
exist, you can review their details by first selecting the proper function: D_08 displays
current trip data, and D_09 displays trip history.
2

Monitor Menu
2

d 08

d 01

FUNC.

Error
exists?

Current Trip
Conditions

Yes

E 09

FUNC.

Trip History
Error(n-1)
exists?

No
No
history

Yes
Error Code

FUNC.

1 0.0

d 09

Output frequency
at trip point

E 03

Previous
error #1

___
FUNC.

FUNC.

0.25

Motor current
at trip point

FUNC.

1 8 9.8

DC bus voltage
at trip point

FUNC.

Error(n-2)
exists?

FUNC.

No error

No
history

Yes

E 05
___

FUNC.

Previous
error #2

___
FUNC.

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

We recommend that you first find the cause of the fault before clearing it. When a fault
occurs, the inverter stores important performance data at the moment of the fault. To
access the data, use the monitor functions (D_xx) and select D_08 for details about the
present fault (En), or the error code for the past two trip events (En-1 and En-2) using the
D_09 Trip History function.

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

6–8

Restoring Factory Default Settings

Restoring Factory Default Settings
You can restore all inverter parameters to the original factory (default) settings for the
intended country of use. After initializing the inverter, use the powerup test in Chapter 2
to get the motor running again. To initialize the inverter, follow the steps below.
No.

Action

Display

Func./Parameter

b - -

“B” Group selected

b 01

First “B” parameter selected

b 85

Country code for initialization
selected

Use the FUNC. , 1 , and 2 keys to
navigate to the “B” Group.

Press the

Press and hold the

Press the

Confirm the country code is correct. Do not change it unless you are absolutely sure the
power input voltage range and frequency match the country code setting.

FUNC.

key.
1

key until ->

key.

To change the country code, press

to set,

00 = Japan, 01 = Europe,
02 = U.S.

STR

to store.

Press the

FUNC.

key.

b 85

Country code for initialization
selected

Press the

key.

b 84

Initialization function selected

Press the

FUNC.

key.

00 = initialization disabled,
clear fault history only

Press the

key.

01 = initialization enabled

Press the

STR

key.

Press and hold the
2

, and

Initialization now enabled to
restore all defaults

b 84

First part of special key
sequence

b 84

Final part of special key
sequence

d 01

Initialization begins when
display starts blinking

keys. Do not release yet.

Holding the keys above, press and
hold the

FUNC.

b 84

STOP

RESET

(STOP) key for 3 sec.

STOP
Release only the RESET
(STOP) key,
and wait for the display d 0 1 to
appear and begin blinking.

Now release the

Initialization is complete.

, and 2
keys only after the d 0 1 display
function begins blinking.
FUNC.

EU
USA
d 01

Default parameter country code
shown during initialization
process (left-most char displays
alternating pattern)
Function code for output
frequency monitor shown

NOTE: Initialization cannot be performed with a remote operator panel. Disconnect the
device and use the inverter’s front panel keypad.

L100 Inverter

6–9

Monthly and Yearly Inspection Chart
Inspection Cycle

Item Inspected

Check for...
Month

Control
circuit

Criteria

Ambient
environment

Extreme
temperatures
& humidity

✔

Thermometer,
hygrometer

Ambient temperature
between -10 to 40°C,
non-condensing

Major devices

Abnormal
noise & vib.

✔

Visual and aural

Stable environment for
electronic controls

Power supply
voltage

Voltage
tolerance

✔

Digital volt meter,
measure between
inverter terminals
[L1], [L2], [L3]

200V class:
200 to 240V 50/60 Hz
400V class:
380 to 460V 50/60 Hz

Ground
Insulation

Adequate
resistance

✔

Digital volt meter,
GND to terminals

5 Meg. Ohms or greater

Mounting

No loose
screws

✔

Torque wrench

M3: 0.5 – 0.6 Nm
M4: 0.98 – 1.3 Nm
M5: 1.5 – 2.0 Nm

Components

Overheating

✔

Thermal trip
events

No trip events

Housing

Dirt, dust

✔

Visual

Vacuum dust and dirt

✔

Visual

No abnormalities

Visual

No abnormalities

Overall

Main
circuit

Year

Inspection
Method

Terminal block Secure
connections
✔

Smoothing
capacitor

Leaking,
swelling

Relay(s)

Chattering

✔

Aural

Single click when
switching ON or OFF

Resistors

Cracks or
discoloring

✔

Visual

Use Ohm meter to
check braking resistors

Cooling fan

Noise

✔

Power down,
manually rotate

Rotation must be
smooth

Dust

✔

Visual

Vacuum to clean

Visual

No abnormalities

✔

Overall

No odor,
discoloring,
corrosion

Capacitor

No leaks or
deformation

✔

Visual

Undistorted appearance

Legibility

✔

Visual

All LED segments work

Display LEDs

Note 1:
Note 2:

The life of a capacitor is affected by the ambient temperature. See “Capacitor
Life Curve” on page 6–11.
The inverter must be cleaned periodically. If dust accumulates on the fan and
heat sink, it can cause overheating of the inverter.

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

Maintenance and Inspection

6–10

Maintenance and Inspection

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

Megger Test
The megger is a piece of test equipment that uses a high voltage to determine if an
insulation degradation has occurred. For inverters, it is important that the power terminals be isolated from the Earth GND terminal via the proper amount of insulation.
The circuit diagram below shows the inverter wiring for performing the megger test. Just
follow the steps to perform the test:
1. Remove power from the inverter and wait at least 5 minutes before proceeding.
2. Open the front housing panel to access the power wiring.
3. Remove all wires to terminals [R, S, T, +1, +, –, U, V, and W]. Most importantly, the
input power and motor wires will be disconnected from the inverter.
4. Use a bare wire and short terminals [R, S, T, +1, +, –, U, V, and W] together as shown
in the diagram.
5. Connect the megger to the inverter Earth GND and to the shorted power terminals as
shown. Then perform the megger test at 500 VDC and verify 5MΩ or greater resistance.
Add test jumper wire

Disconnect
power source

Disconnect
motor wires

L100
R

W
+1

Motor

Megger, 500VDC

+
–
Earth
GND

6. After completing the test, disconnect the megger from the inverter.
7. Reconnect the original wires to terminals [R, S, T, +1, +, –, U, V, and W].
CAUTION: Do not connect the megger to any control circuit terminals such as intelligent I/O, analog terminals, etc. Doing so could cause damage to the inverter.
CAUTION: Never test the withstand voltage (HIPOT) on the inverter. The inverter has
a surge protector between the main circuit terminals above and the chassis ground.

6–11

L100 Inverter

Spare parts

Quantity
Part description

Symbol

Notes
Used

Spare

Cooling fan

FAN

022NF, 037LF, 015HF to
075HF

Case

•
•
•
•

Front case
Key cover
Case
Bottom cover

Capacitor Life Curve
The DC bus inside the inverter uses a large capacitor as shown in the diagram below.
The capacitor handles high voltage and current as it smooths the power for use by the
inverter. So, any degradation of the capacitor will affect the performance of the inverter.
Power
Input

Variable-frequency Drive
Con-

Internal
DC Bus

L1
L2

Rectifier

Inverter

Motor

U/T1
V/T2

W/T3
–

Capacitor

Capacitor life is reduced in higher ambient temperatures, as the graph below demonstrates. Be sure to keep the ambient temperature at acceptable levels, and perform
maintenance inspections on the fan, heat sink, and other components. If the inverter is
installed on a cabinet, the ambient temperature is the temperature inside the cabinet.
Ambient temperature, °C

Operation for 12 hours/day

30
Capacitor Life Curve

20
10
0
-10
1

Years

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

We recommend that you stock spare parts to reduce down time, including these parts:

6–12

Maintenance and Inspection

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

General Inverter Electrical Measurements
The following table specifies how to measure key system electrical parameters. The
diagrams on the next page show inverter-motor systems and the location of measurement points for these parameters.
Parameter

Circuit location
of measurement

Measuring
instrument

Notes

Reference Value

Supply voltage
E1

ER – across L1 and L2
ES – across L2 and L3
ET – across L3 and L1

Fundamental
Moving-coil
type voltmeter or wave effective
value
rectifier type
voltmeter

Supply current
I1

Ir – L1, Is – L2, It – L3

Total effective
value

—

Supply power
W1

W11 – across L1 and L2
W12 – across L2 and L3

Total effective
value

—

Supply power
factor Pf1

Commercial
supply voltage
(200V class) 200–
240V, 50/60 Hz
400V class 380–
460V, 50/60 Hz

—

W1
Pf 1 = ------------------------------ × 100%
3 × E1 × I1

Output voltage
E0

EU – across U and V
EV – across V and W
EW – across W and U

Rectifier type
voltmeter

Total effective
value

—

Output current
Io

IU – U
IV – V
IW – W

Moving-coil
ammeter

Total effective
value

—

Output power
Wo

W01 – across U and V
W02 – across V and W

Electronic type
wattmeter

Total effective
value

—

Output power
factor Pfo

Calculate the output power factor from the output voltage E,
output current I, and output power W.

—

W0
Pf 0 = ------------------------------ × 100%
3 × E0 × I0
Note 1:
Note 2:

Note 3:

Use a meter indicating a fundamental wave effective value for voltage, and
meters indicating total effective values for current and power.
The inverter output has a distorted waveform, and low frequencies may cause
erroneous readings. However, the measuring instruments and methods listed
above provide comparably accurate results.
A general-purpose digital volt meter (DVM) is not usually suitable to measure
a distorted waveform (not pure sinusoid).

L100 Inverter

6–13

Single-phase Measurement Diagram

EU-V

INVERTER

I1
EU-V

W01
MOTOR

W02
T3

I1
EU-V

Three-phase Measurement Diagram

L1
E1

EU-V

T2
EU-V

W01

W02
L3

W01 INVERTER

I2
E1

W02
T3

I1
EU-V

MOTOR

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

The figures below show measurement locations for voltage, current, and power
measurements listed in the table on the previous page. The voltage to be measured is the
fundamental wave effective voltage. The power to be measured is the total effective
power.

6–14

Maintenance and Inspection

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

Inverter Output Voltage Measurement Techniques
Taking voltage measurements around drives equipment requires the right equipment and
a safe approach. You are working with high voltages and high-frequency switching
waveforms that are not pure sinusoids. Digital voltmeters will not usually produce
reliable readings for these waveforms. And, it is usually risky to connect high voltage
signals to oscilloscopes. The inverter output semiconductors have some leakage, and
no-load measurements produce misleading results. So, we highly recommend using the
following circuits to measure voltage for performing the equipment inspections.
Voltage measurement with load
L1(L)

U/T1
Inverter

L2
L3(N)

Voltage measurement without load
U/T1

L1(L)

V/T2

W/T3

L3(N)

Inverter

V/T2
W/T3

Additional resistor

220 kΩ
2W

V Class

Diode Bridge

5 kΩ
30W

–

Voltmeter

V Class

Diode Bridge

–

Voltmeter

200V Class

600V 0.01A min. 300V range

200V Class

600V 0.01A min. 300V range

400V Class

100V 0.1A min.

400V Class

100V 0.1A min.

600V range

HIGH VOLTAGE: Be careful not to touch wiring or connector terminals when working with the inverters and taking measurements. Be sure to place the measurement circuitry components above in an insulated housing before using them.

6–15

L100 Inverter

IGBT Test Method
1. Disconnect input power to terminals [R, S, and T] and motor terminals [U, V, and W].
2. Disconnect any wires from terminals [+] and [–] for regenerative braking.
3. Use a Digital Volt Meter (DVM) and set it for 1Ω resistance range. You can check the
status of the charging state of terminals [R, S, T, U, V, W, +, and –] of the inverter and
the probe of the DVM by measuring the charging state.
D1

[+1] [+]
D3

[R]

TR1

TR2

TR3

[U]

[S]

[V]

[T]

[W]

TR4

TR5

TR6

[–]

Table Legend – Almost infinite resistance: ≅ ∞ Ω Almost zero resistance: ≅ 0 Ω
DVM
Part
D1

DVM

Measured
Value

Part
D5

–

[R]

≅∞Ω

[R]

≅0Ω

[S]

≅∞Ω

[S]

≅0Ω

[T]

≅∞Ω

[T]

≅0Ω

[R]

[N]

≅0Ω

[N]

[R]

≅∞Ω

TR1

TR2

TR3

DVM

Measured
Value

Part
TR4

–

[S]

[N]

≅0Ω

[N]

[S]

≅∞Ω

[T]

[N]

≅0Ω

[N]

[T]

≅∞Ω

[U]

[+]

≅∞Ω

[+]

[U]

≅0Ω

[V]

[+]

≅∞Ω

[+]

[V]

[W]
[+]

Measured
Value

–

[U]

[–]

≅0Ω

[–]

[U]

≅∞Ω

[V]

[–]

≅0Ω

[–]

[V]

≅∞Ω

[W]

[–]

≅0Ω

[–]

[W]

≅∞Ω

[RB]

[+]

≅0Ω

[+]

[RB]

≅∞Ω

[+]

≅∞Ω

[RB]

[–]

≅0Ω

[W]

≅0Ω

[–]

[RB]

≅0Ω

TR5

TR6

TR7

NOTE: The resistance values for the diodes or the transistors will not be exactly the
same, but they will be close. If you find a significance difference, a problem may exist.
NOTE: Before measuring the voltage between [+] and [–] with the DC current range,
confirm that the smoothing capacitor is discharged fully, then execute the tests.

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

The following procedure will check the inverter transistors (IGBTs) and diodes:

Troubleshooting
and Maintenance

6–16

Warranty

Warranty
Warranty Terms
The warranty period under normal installation and handling conditions
shall be two (2) years from the date of manufacture (“DATE” on product
nameplate), or one (1) year from the date of installation, whichever occurs
first. The warranty shall cover the repair or replacement, at Hitachi's sole
discretion, of ONLY the inverter that was installed.
1. Service in the following cases, even within the warranty period, shall
be charged to the purchaser:
a. Malfunction or damage caused by mis-operation or modification
or improper repair
b. Malfunction or damage caused by a drop after purchase and
transportation
c. Malfunction or damage caused by fire, earthquake, flood,
lightening, abnormal input voltage, contamination, or other natural
disasters
2. When service is required for the product at your work site, all expenses
associated with field repair shall be charged to the purchaser.
3. Always keep this manual handy; please do not loose it. Please contact
your Hitachi distributor to purchase replacement or additional
manuals.

Glossary and
Bibliography
In This Appendix....

A
page

— Glossary .......................................................... 2
— Bibliography .................................................... 8

A–2

Glossary

Appendix A

Glossary
Ambient Temperature The air temperature in the chamber containing a powered electronic
unit. A unit’s heat sinks rely on a lower ambient temperature in
order to dissipate heat away from sensitive electronics.

Arrival Frequency

The arrival frequency refers to the set output frequency of the
inverter for the constant speed setting. The arrival frequency feature
turns on an output when the inverter reaches the set constant speed.
The inverter has various arrival frequencies and pulsed or latched
logic options.

Auto-tuning

The ability of a controller to execute a procedure that interacts with
a load to determine the proper coefficients to use in the control
algorithm. Auto-tuning is a common feature of process controllers
with PID loops. Hitachi inverters feature auto tuning to determine
motor parameters for optimal commutation. Auto-tuning is available as a special command from a digital operator panel. See also
Digital Operator Panel.

Base Frequency

The power input frequency for which an AC induction motor is
designed to operate. Most motors will specify a 50 to 60 Hz value.
The Hitachi inverters have a programmable base frequency, so you
must ensure that parameter matches the attached motor. The term
base frequency helps differentiate it from the carrier frequency. See
also Carrier Frequency and Frequency Setting.

Braking Resistor

An energy-absorbing resistor that dissipates energy from a decelerating load. Load inertia causes the motor to act as a generator
during deceleration. See also Four-quadrant Operation and
Dynamic Braking.

Break-away Torque

The torque a motor must produce to overcome the static friction of a
load, in order to start the load moving.

Carrier Frequency

The frequency of the constant, periodic, switching waveform that
the inverter modulates to generate the AC output to the motor. See
also PWM.

A regulatory agency for governing the performance of electronic
products in Europe. Drive installations designed to have CE
approval must have particular filter(s) installed in the application.

Choke

An inductor that is tuned to react at radio frequencies is called a
“choke,” since it attenuates (chokes) frequencies above a particular
threshold. Tuning is often accomplished by using a movable
magnetic core. In variable-frequency drive systems, a choke
positioned around high-current wiring can help attenuate harmful
harmonics and protect equipment. See also Harmonics.

L100 Inverter

A–3

The inverter DC braking feature stops the AC commutation to the
motor, and sends a DC current through the motor windings in order
to stop the motor. Also called “DC injection braking,” it has little
effect at high speed, and is used as the motor is nearing a stop.

Deadband

In a control system, the range of input change for which there is no
perceptible change in the output. In PID loops, the error term may
have a dead band associated with it. Deadband may or may not be
desirable; it depends on the needs of the application.

Digital Operator Panel For Hitachi inverters, “digital operator panel” (DOP) refers first to
the operator keypad on the front panel of the inverter. It also
includes hand-held remote keypads, which connect to the inverter
via a cable. Finally, the DOP Professional is a PC-based software
simulation of the keypad devices.

Diode

A semiconductor device that has a voltage-current characteristic
that allows current to flow only in one direction, with negligible
leakage current in the reverse direction. See also Rectifier.

Duty Cycle

1. The percent of time a square wave of fixed frequency is ON
(high) versus OFF (low). 2. The ratio of operating time of a motor,
braking resistor, etc. to its resting time. This parameter usually is
specified in association with the allowable thermal rise for the
device.

Dynamic Braking

The inverter dynamic braking feature shunts the motor-generated
EMF energy into a special braking resistor. The added dissipation
(braking torque) is effective at higher speeds, having a reduced
effect as the motor nears a stop.

Error

In process control, the error is the difference between the desired
value or setpoint (SP) and the actual value of a the process variable
(PV). See also Process Variable and PID Loop.

EMI

Electromagnetic Interference - In motor/drive systems, the switching of high currents and voltages creates the possibility of generating radiated electrical noise that may interfere with the operation of
nearby sensitive electrical instruments or devices. Certain aspects of
an installation, such as long motor lead wire lengths, tend to
increase the chance of EMI. Hitachi provides accessory filter
components you can install to decrease the level of EMI.

Four-quadrant
operation

Referring to a graph of torque versus direction, a four-quadrant
drive can turn the motor either forward or reverse, as well as decelerate in either direction (see also reverse torque). A load that has a
relatively high inertia and must move in both directions and change
directions rapidly requires four-quadrant capability from its drive.

Free-run Stop

A method of stopping a motor, caused when the inverter simply
turns OFF its motor output connections. This may allow the motor
and load to coast to a stop, or a mechanical brake may intervene and
shorten the deceleration time.

Appendix A

DC Braking

A–4

Glossary
While frequency has a broad meaning in electronics, it typically
refers to motor speed for variable-frequency drives (inverters). This
is because the output frequency of the inverter is variable, and is
proportional to the attained motor speed. For example, a motor with
a base frequency of 60 Hz can be speed controlled with an inverter
output varying form 0 to 60 Hz. See also Base Frequency, Carrier
Frequency, and Slip.

Harmonics

A harmonic is a whole number multiple of a base of fundamental
frequency. The square waves used in inverters produce highfrequency harmonics, even though the main goal is to produce
lower-frequency sine waves. These harmonics can be harmful to
electronics (including motor windings) and cause radiated energy
that interferes with nearby electronic devices. Chokes, line reactors,
and filters are sometimes used to suppress the transmission of
harmonics in an electrical system. See also Choke.

Horsepower

A unit of physical measure to quantify the amount of work done per
unit of time. You can directly convert between horsepower and
Watts as measurements of power.

IGBT

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) – A semiconductor
transistor capable of conducting very large currents when in saturation and capable of withstanding very high voltages when it is OFF.
This high-power bipolar transistor is the type used in Hitachi inverters.

Inertia

The natural resistance a stationary object to being moved by an
external force. See also Momentum.

Intelligent Terminal

A configurable input or output logic function on the Hitachi inverters. Each terminal may be assigned one of several functions.

Inverter

A device that electronically changes DC to AC current through an
alternating process of switching the input to the output, inverted and
non-inverted. A variable speed drive such as the Hitachi L100 is
also called an inverter, since it contains three inverter circuits to
generate 3-phase output to the motor.

Appendix A

Frequency Setting

Isolation Transformer A transformer with 1:1 voltage ratio that provides electrical isolation between its primary and secondary windings. These are
typically used on the power input side of the device to be protected.
An isolation transformer can protect equipment from a ground fault
or other malfunction of nearby equipment, as well as attenuate
harmful harmonics and transients on the input power.

Jogging Operation

Usually done manually, a jog command from an operator’s panel
requests the motor/drive system to run indefinitely in a particular
direction, until the machine operator ends the jog operation.

L100 Inverter

A–5

A jump frequency is a point on the inverter output frequency range
that you want the inverter to skip around. This feature may be used
to avoid a resonant frequency, and you can program up to three
jump frequencies in the inverter.

Line Reactor

A three-phase inductor generally installed in the AC input circuit of
an inverter to minimize harmonics and to limit short-circuit current.

Momentum

The physical property of a body in motion that causes it to remain
in motion. In the case of motors, the rotor and attached load are
rotating and possesses angular momentum.

Multi-speed Operation The ability of a motor drive to store preset discrete speed levels for
the motor, and control motor speed according to the currently
selected speed preset. The Hitachi inverters have 16 preset speeds.

Motor Load

In motor terminology, motor load consists of the inertia of the
physical mass that is moved by the motor and the related friction
from guiding mechanisms. See also Inertia.

NEC

The National Electric Code is a regulatory document that governs
electrical power and device wiring and installation in the United
States.

NEMA

The National Electric Manufacturer’s Association. NEMA Codes
are a published series of device ratings standards. Industry uses
these to evaluate or compare the performance of devices made by
various manufacturers to a known standard.

Open-collector Outputs A common logic-type discrete output that uses an NPN transistor
that acts as a switch to a power supply common, usually ground.
The transistor’s collector is open for external connection (not
connected internally). Thus, the output sinks external load current to
ground.

Power Factor

A ratio that expresses a phase difference (timing offset) between
current and voltage supplied by a power source to a load. A perfect
power factor = 1.0 (no phase offset). Power factors less than one
cause some energy loss in power transmission wiring (source to
load).

PID Loop

Proportional - Integral-Derivative - A mathematical model used for
process control. A process controller maintains a process variable
(PV) at a setpoint (SP) by using its PID algorithm to compensate for
dynamic conditions and vary its output to drive the PV toward the
desired value. For variable-frequency drives, the process variable is
the motor speed. See also Error.

Process Variable

A physical property of a process that is of interest because it affects
the quality of the primary task accomplished by the process. For an
industrial oven, temperature is the process variable. See also PID
Loop and Error.

Appendix A

Jump Frequency

Appendix A

A–6

Glossary

PWM

Pulse-width modulation: A type of AC adjustable frequency drive
that accomplishes frequency and voltage control at the output
section (inverter) of the drive. The drive output voltage waveform is
at a constant amplitude, and by “chopping” the waveform (pulsewidth-modulating), the average voltage is controlled. The chopping
frequency is sometimes called the Carrier Frequency.

Reactance

The impedance of inductors and capacitors has two components.
The resistive part is constant, while the reactive part changes with
applied frequency. These devices have a complex impedance
(complex number), where the resistance is the real part and the
reactance is the imaginary part.

Rectifier

An electronic device made of one or more diodes that converts AC
power into DC power. Rectifiers are usually used in combination
with capacitors to filter (smooth) the rectified waveform to closely
approximate a pure DC voltage source.

Regenerative Braking A particular method of generating reverse torque to a motor, an
inverter will switch internally to allow the motor to become a generator and will either store the energy internally, deliver the braking
energy back to the main power input, or dissipate it with a resistor.

Regulation

The quality of control applied to maintain a parameter of interest at
a desired value. Usually expressed as a percent (±) from the
nominal, motor regulation usually refers to its shaft speed.

Reverse Torque

The torque applied in the direction opposite to motor shaft rotation.
As such, reverse torque is a decelerating force on the motor and its
external load.

Rotor

The windings of a motor that rotate, being physically coupled to the
motor shaft. See also Stator.

Saturation Voltage

For a transistor semiconductor device, it is in saturation when an
increase in input current no longer results in an increase in the
output current. The saturation voltage is the voltage drop across the
device. The ideal saturation voltage is zero.

Sensorless Vector
Control

A technique used in variable-frequency drives to rotate the force
vector in the motor without the use of a shaft position sensor
(angular). Benefits include an increase in torque at the lowest speed
and the cost savings from the lack of a shaft position sensor.

Setpoint (SP)

The setpoint is the desired value of a process variable of interest.
See also Process Variable (PV) and PID Loop.

L100 Inverter

A–7

An AC power source consisting of Hot and Neutral wires. An Earth
Ground connection usually accompanies them. In theory, the
voltage potential on Neutral stays at or near Earth Ground, while
Hot varies sinusoidally above and below Neutral. This power source
is named Single Phase to differentiate it from three-phase power
sources. Some Hitachi inverters can accept single phase input
power, but they all output three-phase power to the motor. See also
Three-phase.

Slip

The difference between the theoretical speed of a motor at no load
(determined by its inverter output waveforms) and the actual speed.
Some slip is essential in order to develop torque to the load, but too
much will cause excessive heat in the motor windings and/or cause
the motor to stall.

Squirrel Cage

A “nick-name” for the appearance of the rotor frame assembly for
an AC induction motor.

Stator

The windings in a motor that are stationary and coupled to the
power input of the motor. See also Rotor.

Tachometer

1. A signal generator usually attached to the motor shaft for the
purpose of providing feedback to the speed controlling device of the
motor. 2. A speed-monitoring test meter that may optically sense
shaft rotation speed and display it on a readout.

Thermal Switch

An electromechanical safety device that opens to stop current flow
when the temperature at the device reaches a specific temperature
threshold. Thermal switches are sometimes installed in the motor in
order to protect the windings from heat damage. The inverter can
use thermal switch signals to trip (shut down) if the motor
overheats. See also Trip.

Thermistor

A type of temperature sensor that changes its resistance according
to its temperature. The sensing range of thermistors and their
ruggedness make them ideal for motor overheating detection.
Hitachi inverters have built-in thermistor input circuits, which can
detect an overheated motor and shut off (trip) the inverter output.

Three-phase power

An AC power source with three Hot connections that have phase
offsets of 120 degrees is a 3-phase power source. Usually, Neutral
and Earth Ground wires accompany the three Hot connections.
Loads may be configured in a delta or Y configuration. A Yconnected load such as an AC induction motor will be a balanced
load; the currents in all the Hot connections are the same. Therefore, the Neutral connection is theoretically zero. This is why
inverters that generate 3-phase power for motors do not generally
have a Neutral connection to the motor. However, the Earth Ground
connection is important for safety reasons, and is provided.

Appendix A

Single-phase power

Appendix A

A–8

Bibliography

Torque

The rotational force exerted by a motor shaft. The units of measurement consist of the distance (radius from shaft center axis) and
force (weight) applied at that distance. Units are usually given as
pound-feet, ounce-inches, or Newton-meters.

Transistor

A solid state, three-terminal device that provides amplification of
signals and can be used for switching and control. While transistors
have a linear operating range, inverters use them as high-powered
switches. Recent developments in power semiconductors have
produced transistors capable of handling high voltages and currents,
all with high reliability. The saturation voltage has been decreasing,
resulting in less heat dissipation. Hitachi inverters use state-of-theart semiconductors to provide high performance and reliability in a
compact package. See also IGBT and Saturation Voltage.

Trip

An event that causes the inverter to stop operation is called a “trip”
event (as in tripping a circuit breaker). The inverter keeps a history
log of trip events. They also require an action to clear.

Watt Loss

A measure of the internal power loss of a component, the difference
between the power it consumes and what its output delivers. An
inverter’s watt loss is the input power minus the power delivered to
the motor. The watt loss is typically highest when an inverter is
delivering its maximum output. Therefore, watt loss is usually
specified for a particular output level. Inverter watt loss specifications are important when designing enclosures.

Bibliography
Title

Author and Publisher

Variable Speed Drive Fundamentals, 2nd Ed.

Phipps, Clarence A.
The Fairmont Press, Inc. / Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1997
ISBN 0-13-636390-3

Electronic Variable Speed Drives

Brumbach, Michael E.
Delmar Publishers 1997
ISBN 0-8273-6937-9

Hitachi Inverter Technical Guide Book

Published by Hitachi, Ltd. Japan 1995
Publication SIG-E002

Drive Parameter
Settings Tables
In This Appendix....

B
page

— Introduction ..................................................... 2
— Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry.............. 2

B–2

Introduction

Introduction
This appendix lists the user-programmable parameters for the L100 series inverters and
the default values for European and U.S. product types. The right-most column of the
tables is blank, so you can record values you have changed from the default. This
involves just a few parameters for most applications. This appendix presents the parameters in a format oriented toward the keypad on the inverter.

Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry
Appendix B

L100 series inverters provide many functions and parameters that can be configured by
the user. We recommend that you record all parameters that have been edited, in order to
help in troubleshooting or recovery from a loss of parameter data.
Inverter model

}

This information is printed
on the specification label
located on the right side of
the inverter.

L100

MFG. No.

Main Profile Parameters
“F” Group Parameters
Func.
Code

Name

Default Setting
-FE
(Europe)

-FU
(USA)

–FR
(Japan)

F_01

Output frequency setting

0.0

F_02

Acceleration (1)

10.0

F_03

Deceleration (1)

10.0

F_04

Keypad Run key routing

User
Setting

L100 Inverter

B–3

Standard Functions
“A” Group Parameters
Func.
Code

Name

Default Setting
-FE
(Europe)

-FU
(USA)

–FR
(Japan)

Frequency source setting

A_02

Run command source setting

A_03

Base frequency setting

50.0

60.0

A_04

Maximum frequency setting

50.0

60.0

A_11

O–L input active range start
frequency

A_12

O–L input active range end
frequency

A_13

O–L input active range start
voltage

A_14

O–L input active range end
voltage

100

A_15

O–L input start frequency enable

A_16

External frequency filter time
constant

A_20

Multi-speed 0 setting

A_21

Multi-speed 1 setting

A_22

Multi-speed 2 setting

A_23

Multi-speed 3 setting

A_24

Multi-speed 4 setting

A_25

Multi-speed 5 setting

A_26

Multi-speed 6 setting

A_27

Multi-speed 7 setting

A_28

Multi-speed 8 setting

A_29

Multi-speed 9 setting

A_30

Multi-speed 10 setting

A_31

Multi-speed 11 setting

A_32

Multi-speed 12 setting

A_33

Multi-speed 13 setting

A_34

Multi-speed 14 setting

A_35

Multi-speed 15 setting

A_38

Jog frequency setting

1.0

Appendix B

A_01

User
Setting

B–4

Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry

“A” Group Parameters

Appendix B

Func.
Code

Name

Default Setting
-FE
(Europe)

-FU
(USA)

–FR
(Japan)

A_39

Jog stop mode

A_41

Torque boost method selection

A_42

Manual torque boost value

A_43

Manual torque boost frequency
adjustment

10.0

A_44

V/f characteristic curve selection

A_45

V/f gain setting

100

A_51

DC braking enable

A_52

DC braking frequency setting

0.5

A_53

DC braking wait time

0.0

A_54

DC braking force during deceleration

A_55

DC braking time during deceleration

0.0

A_61

Frequency upper limit setting

0.0

A_62

Frequency lower limit setting

0.0

A_63,
A_65,
A_67

Jump (center) frequency setting

0.0

A_64,
A_66,
A_68

Jump (hysteresis) frequency
width setting

0.5

A_71

PID Enable

A_72

PID proportional gain

1.0

A_73

PID integral time constant

1.0

A_74

PID derivative gain

0.0

A_75

PV scale conversion

1.00

A_76

PV source setting

A_81

AVR function select

A_82

AVR voltage select

230/400

230/460

200/400

A_92

Second acceleration time setting

15.0

A_93

Second deceleration time setting

15.0

A_94

Select method to switch to second
accel/decel profile

User
Setting

L100 Inverter

“A” Group Parameters
Func.
Code

Name

B–5

Default Setting
-FE
(Europe)

-FU
(USA)

–FR
(Japan)

A_95

Acc1 to Acc2 frequency transition point

0.0

A_96

Dec1 to Dec2 frequency transition point

0.0

A_97

Acceleration curve selection

A_98

Deceleration curve selection

User
Setting

Appendix B

B–6

Parameter Settings for Keypad Entry

Fine Tuning Functions
“B” Group Parameters

Appendix B

Func.
Code

Name

Default Setting
-FE
(Europe)

-FU
(USA)

–FR
(Japan)

B_01

Selection of automatic restart
mode

B_02

Allowable under-voltage power
failure time

1.0

B_03

Retry wait time before motor
restart

1.0

B_12

Level of electronic thermal
setting

Rated
current for
each
inverter

B_13

Electronic thermal characteristic

B_21

Overload restriction operation
mode

B_22

Overload restriction setting

Rated
current x
1.25

B_23

Deceleration rate at overload
restriction

1.0

B_31

Software lock mode selection

B_32

Reactive current setting

Rated
current x
0.58

B_81

[FM] terminal analog meter
adjustment

B_82

Start frequency adjustment

0.5

B_83

Carrier frequency setting

5.0

12.0

B_84

Initialization mode (parameters
or trip history)

B_85

Country code for initialization

B_86

Frequency scaling conversion
factor

1.0

B_87

STOP key enable

B_88

Restart mode after FRS

B_89

Data select for digital op. OPE-J

User
Setting

L100 Inverter

B–7

Intelligent Terminal Functions
“C” Group Parameters
Func.
Code

Name

Default Setting
-FE
(Europe)

-FU
(USA)

–FR
(Japan)

Terminal [1] function

C_02

Terminal [2] function

C_03

Terminal [3] function

C_04

Terminal [4] function

C_05

Terminal [5] function

C_11

Terminal [1] active state

C_12

Terminal [2] active state

C_13

Terminal [3] active state

C_14

Terminal [4] active state

C_15

Terminal [5] active state

C_21

Terminal [11] function

C_22

Terminal [12] function

C_23

[FM] signal selection

C_31

Terminal [11] active state (–FU)

—

Reserved (–FE / FR)

—

Terminal [12] active state (–FU)

—

Terminal [11] active state (–FE /
FR)

—

C_33

Alarm relay terminal active state

C_41

Overload level setting

Inverter
rated
current

C_42

Frequency arrival setting for
accel

0.0

C_43

Arrival frequency setting for
decel

0.0

C_44

PID deviation level setting

3.0

C_91

Debug mode enable

C_32

Appendix B

C_01

User
Setting

Do not edit

CE–EMC
Installation
Guidelines
In This Appendix....

C
page

— CE–EMC Installation Guidelines ..................... 2
— Hitachi EMC Recommendations ..................... 6

C–2

CE–EMC Installation Guidelines

CE–EMC Installation Guidelines
You are required to satisfy the EMC directive (89/336/EEC) when using an L100
inverter in an EU country. To satisfy the EMC directive and to comply with standard,
follow the guidelines in this section.
1. As user you must ensure that the HF (high frequency) impedance between adjustable
frequency inverter, filter, and ground is as small as possible.
• Ensure that the connections are metallic and have the largest possible contact
areas (zinc-plated mounting plates).
2. Avoid conductor loops that act like antennas, especially loops that encompass large
areas.
• Avoid unnecessary conductor loops.
• Avoid parallel arrangement of low-level signal wiring and power-carrying or
noise-prone conductors.
3. Use shielded wiring for the motor cable and all analog and digital control lines.

Appendix C

• Allow the effective shield area of these lines to remain as large as possible; i.e., do
not strip away the shield (screen) further away from the cable end than absolutely
necessary.
• With integrated systems (for example, when the adjustable frequency inverter is
communicating with some type of supervisory controller or host computer in the
same control cabinet and they are connected at the same ground + PE-potential),
connect the shields of the control lines to ground + PE (protective earth) at both
ends. With distributed systems (for example the communicating supervisory
controller or host computer is not in the same control cabinet and there is a
distance between the systems), we recommend connecting the shield of the
control lines only at the end connecting to the adjustable frequency inverter. If
possible, route the other end of the control lines directly to the cable entry section
of the supervisory controller or host computer. The shield conductor of the motor
cables always must connected to ground + PE at both ends.
• To achieve a large area contact between shield and ground + PE-potential, use a
PG screw with a metallic shell, or use a metallic mounting clip.
• Use only cable with braided, tinned copper mesh shield (type “CY”) with 85%
coverage.
• The shielding continuity should not be broken at any point in the cable. If the use
of reactors, contactors, terminals, or safety switches in the motor output is necessary, the unshielded section should be kept as short as possible.
• Some motors have a rubber gasket between terminal box and motor housing. Very
often, the terminal boxes, and particularly the threads for the metal PG screw
connections, are painted. Make sure there is always a good metallic connection
between the shielding of the motor cable, the metal PG screw connection, the
terminal box, and the motor housing. If necessary, carefully remove paint between
conducting surfaces.

L100 Inverter

C–3

4. Take measures to minimize interference that is frequently coupled in through installation cables.
• Separate interfering cables with 0.25m minimum from cables susceptible to interference. A particularly critical point is laying parallel cables over longer
distances. If two cables intersect (one crosses over the other), the interference is
smallest if they intersect at an angle of 90°. Cables susceptible to interference
should therefore only intersect motor cables, intermediate circuit cables, or the
wiring of a rheostat at right angles and never be laid parallel to them over longer
distances.
5. Minimize the distance between an interference source and an interference sink (interference-threatened device), thereby decreasing the effect of the emitted interference
on the interference sink.
• You should use only interference-free devices and maintain a minimum distance
of 0.25 m from the adjustable frequency inverter.
6. Follow safety measures in the filter installation.

To achieve a protective ground connection for the filter:
• Ground the filter with a conductor of at least 10 mm2 cross-sectional area.
• Connect a second grounding conductor, using a separate grounding terminal
parallel to the protective conductor. (The cross section of each single protective
conductor terminal must be sized for the required nominal load.)

Appendix C

• Ensure that the ground terminal (PE) of the filter is properly connected to the
ground terminal of the adjustable frequency inverter. An HF ground connection
via metal contact between the housings of the filter and the adjustable frequency
inverter, or solely via cable shield, is not permitted as a protective conductor
connection. The filter must be solidly and permanently connected with the ground
potential so as to preclude the danger of electric shock upon touching the filter if a
fault occurs.

C–4

CE–EMC Installation Guidelines

Appendix C

L100 inverter with footprint-type filter

M
3~

L100 Inverter

C–5

L100 inverter with book-type filter

Appendix C

M
3~

C–6

Hitachi EMC Recommendations

Hitachi EMC Recommendations
WARNING: This equipment should be installed, adjusted, and serviced by qualified
personal familiar with construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards
involved. Failure to observe this precaution could result in bodily injury.

Use the following checklist to ensure the inverter is within proper operating ranges and
conditions.
1. The power supply to L100 inverters must meet these specifications:
• Voltage fluctuation ±10% or less
• Voltage imbalance ±3% or less
• Frequency variation ±4% or less
• Voltage distortion THD = 10% or less
2. Installation measure:
• Use a filter designed for L100 inverter.

Appendix C

3. Wiring:
• Shielded wire (screened cable) is required for motor wiring, and the length must
be less than 50 meters.
• The carrier frequency setting must be less than 5 kHz to satisfy EMC requirements.
• Separate the power input and motor wiring from the signal/process circuit wiring.
4. Environmental conditions—when using a filter, follow these guidelines:
• Ambient temperature: –10 to 40 °C
• Humidity: 20 to 90% RH (non-condensing)
• Vibration: 5.9 m/sec2 (0.6 G) 10 ~ 55Hz
• Location: 1000 meters or less altitude, indoors (no corrosive gas or dust)

Index

A
A Group functions 3–9
AC reactors 5–3
Acceleration 1–21, 3–8
characteristic curves 3–21
second function 3–20
two-stage 4–13
Access levels 3–5, 3–26, 4–17
Access to terminals 2–2
Accessories 5–2
Air flow 2–8
Alarm signal 4–27
Algorithms, torque control 3–5
Ambient temperature 2–8, A–2
Analog input settings 3–10
Analog inputs
current/voltage select 4–18
operation 4–29
wiring examples 4–29
Analog outputs
configuration 3–38
FM type 4–31
operation 4–30
PWM type 4–30
Arrival frequency A–2
Automatic restart 3–22
Automatic voltage regulation 3–19
Auto-tuning A–2
AVR 3–19

B
B Group functions 3–22
Base frequency A–2
Bibliography A–8

Braking 1–20
dynamic 5–5
resistive 1–23
settings 3–15
Braking resistor 2–5, A–2
Braking resistor selection 5–5
Braking unit 2–5
Break-away torque A–2

C
C Group functions 3–32
Capacitor life curve 6–11
Carrier frequency 3–28, A–2
Catching a spinning motor 3–30
Cautions
inverter mounting 2–7
operating procedures 4–2
CE approval A–2
CE-EMC guidelines C–2
Chassis ground connection 2–18
Choke 2–5, A–2
Choke, DC link 5–4
Chopper frequency 3–28
Clearance 2–8
Coasting 3–30
Constant torque 3–13
Constant volts/hertz operation 1–18
Contact information xviii
Control algorithms 3–13
Copy Unit 1–3
Cover removal 2–19
Current overload 3–25

Index–2
D
D Group parameters 3–6
DC braking 3–15, 4–12, A–3
DC link
choke 5–4
Deadband A–3
Deceleration 1–21, 3–8, 4–12
characteristic curves 3–21
second function 3–20
two-stage 4–13
Default parameter values B–2
Default settings
restoring 6–8
Derating curves 1–11
Derivative gain 3–18
Digital operator 2–21, 3–3
Digital operator panel A–3
Digital operators 1–3
Dimensions
inverter 2–9
terminals 2–15
Diode A–3
Duty cycle A–3
Dynamic braking 1–20, 5–5, A–3
usage 5–5

E
Editing parameters 2–21, 2–24
in Run Mode 3–5, 3–26, 4–17
Electromagnetic compatibility C–2
Electronic thermal overload 3–24
EMC installation guidelines C–2
EMC installation recommendations C–6
EMI A–3
EMI filter 5–4
Environmental specs 1–9
Error A–3
PID loop 4–26
Error codes
trip events 6–5
Event clearing 4–19
External trip 4–15

F
F Group functions 3–8
Factory default settings 3–29
Factory settings, restoring 6–8
Fan outlet 2–8, 2–19
FAQ 1–22
Features 1–2, 2–2
Filters
noise suppression 5–2
Fine-tuning functions 3–22
Forward run command 4–9
Four-quadrant operation A–3
Free-run stop 3–30, 4–12, 4–14, A–3
Frequency arrival signals 4–23
Frequency display scaling 3–29
Frequency limits 3–16
Frequency matching 3–30
Frequency setting A–4
Frequency source setting 3–9
Frequency-related functions 3–16
Frequently asked questions 1–22
Functions 1–20, 2–22
Fuse ratings 2–14

G
Glossary of terms A–2

H
Harmonics A–4
History of trip events 3–7
Horsepower A–4

L100 Inverter

I
IGBT 1–17, A–4
test method 6–15
Index of terminal functions 4–7
Inertia A–4
Initialization 6–8
Initialization codes 3–29
Input circuits 4–8
Input terminals 2–15
Inspection
electrical measurements 6–12
IGBT test method 6–15
measurement techniques 6–14
procedures 6–9
unpacking 2–2
Installation instructions 2–6
Insulation test 6–10
Integral gain 3–18
Intelligent input terminals 3–32, 4–8
Intelligent output terminals 3–36, 4–21
Intelligent terminal A–4
Intelligent terminal functions 3–32
Intelligent terminal index 4–7
Inverter 1–22, A–4
Inverter specifications 1–5
Isolation transformer A–4

J
Jog command 4–12
Jog frequency settings 3–12
Jogging operation A–4
Jump frequencies 3–17
Jump frequency A–5

K
Keypad
features 2–21, 3–3
navigation 2–23, 3–4
navigation,trip events 6–7
Keypad features 2–21
Keypads 1–3, 3–2

L
LEDs 2–21, 3–3
Line reactor A–5
Linear accel/decel 3–21
Logic terminals 3–32, 3–36, 4–6

M
Main profile parameters 3–8
Maintenance procedures 6–9
Megger test 6–10
Model number 1–4
Model number convention 1–4
Momentum A–5
Monitor mode 2–23, 2–26, 2–27, 3–4
Monitoring functions 3–6
Motor
speed calculation 2–27
Motor load A–5
Motor poles 1–23
Motor wiring 2–18
Mounting dimensions 2–9
Mounting location 2–7
Multiple motors
configuration 4–33
Multi-speed operation 4–10, A–5
Multi-speed profiles 1–21
Multi-speed settings 3–12

N
Nameplate 1–4
Navigational map 2–23, 3–4
trip events 6–7
NEC A–5
NEMA A–5
NEMA rating 2–8
Noise filters 5–2
AC reactor 2–5

Index–3

Index–4
O
Open-collector outputs 4–21, A–5
Operational modes 3–5
Operator interfaces 1–3
Optional components 2–5
Options 1–2
Output adjustment parameters 3–39
Output circuits 4–21
Output deviation for PID control 4–26
Output frequency 3–8
Output overload 3–25
Output terminals 2–18
Overload advance notice signal 4–25
Overload restriction 3–25

P
Parameter editing 2–21, 2–24
Parameter settings tables B–2
Parameters 1–20, 2–22
PID loop 1–24, A–5
operation 4–32
output deviation 4–26
settings 3–18
PLC, connecting to 4–4
Potentiometer 2–25, 4–29
Power factor A–5
Powerup test 2–19
observations 2–27
Powerup, unattended start 4–16
Process variable A–5
Program mode 2–23, 2–27, 3–4
Programming device 3–2
Proportional gain 3–18
Pulse-width modulation 4–30
PV source setting 3–18
PWM A–6

R
Ratings label 1–4
Reactance A–6
Reactive current setting 3–28
Read/write copy unit 1–3, 3–2
Rectifier A–6
Reduced torque 3–13
Regenerative braking A–6
Regulation A–6
Regulatory agency approvals 1–4
Relay alarm contacts 4–27
Reset function 4–19
Restart Mode 3–30
Reverse run command 4–9
Reverse torque A–6
Revision history xvii
RF noise filter 5–4
Rotor A–6
Run command 4–9
Run command source setting 3–9
Run mode 2–27, 3–5
Run signal 4–22
Running the motor 2–26
Run-time edits 3–5, 3–26, 4–17

S
Safety messages i
Saturation voltage A–6
Scaling 3–29
S-curve accel/decel 3–21
Second accel and decel 3–20
Sensorless vector control A–6
Setpoint A–6
Single-phase power A–7
Sinking I/O 4–4
Slip A–7
Software lock 3–5, 3–26, 4–17
Sourcing I/O 4–4
Spare parts 6–11

L100 Inverter
Specifications
derating curves 1–11
general 1–9
inverter 1–5
label 1–4, 2–3
logic signals 4–6
Speed control 1–17, 1–21, 4–10
Speed pot 2–25
Squirrel cage A–7
Standard functions 3–9
Stator A–7
Stop command 4–9
Supply wiring 2–15
Switching frequency 3–28
Symbol definitions i
System description 2–5

T
Tachometer A–7
Technical support xviii
Term definitions A–2
Terminal listing 4–7
Thermal overload 3–24
Thermal protection 4–20
Thermal switch A–7
Thermistor A–7
Thermistor input 4–20
Three-phase power A–7
motor phase connections 1–18
Torque 1–18, A–8
Torque boost 3–13
Torque control algorithms 3–5, 3–13
Torque specs,terminals 2–15
Transistor A–8
Trip A–8
Trip events 3–7
clearing 6–5
error codes 6–5
external 4–15
monitoring 6–5
Trip history 6–7
Trip mode 4–19
Troubleshooting tips 6–3
Two-stage accel/decel 4–13

U
UL instructions xii
Unattended start protection 4–16
Unpacking 2–2

V
V/f control 3–13
Variable torque 3–13
Variable-frequency drives
introduction 1–17
Velocity profile 1–21
Ventilation 2–8, 2–19
Voltage gain 3–14

W
Warnings
operating procedures 4–3
troubleshooting 6–2
Warranty 6–16
Watt loss A–8
Wiring
analog inputs 4–29
gauge 2–14
logic 2–18
logic connector 4–6
output 2–18
power input 2–15
preparation 2–13
system diagram 4–5

Z
Zero-phase reactor 5–4

Index–5

Source Exif Data:

File Type                       : PDF
File Type Extension             : pdf
MIME Type                       : application/pdf
PDF Version                     : 1.4
Linearized                      : Yes
Encryption                      : Standard V1.2 (40-bit)
User Access                     : Print, Fill forms, Extract, Assemble, Print high-res
Subject                         : Inverters
Modify Date                     : 2002:12:04 20:19:15-05:00
Create Date                     : 2002:12:04 12:44:25Z
Page Count                      : 192
Creation Date                   : 2002:12:04 12:44:25Z
Mod Date                        : 2002:12:04 20:19:15-05:00
Producer                        : Acrobat Distiller 5.0.5 (Windows)
Author                          : Bruce L. Beverly
Metadata Date                   : 2002:12:04 20:19:15-05:00
Creator                         : Bruce L. Beverly
Title                           : Hitachi L100 Series Inverter Instruction Manual
Description                     : Inverters
Page Mode                       : UseOutlines
Has XFA                         : No

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Hitachi Welding System L100 Users Manual Series Inverter Instruction

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