Ingenu ULPENODE100 On-Ramp Wireless eNode User Manual eNode User Manual 010 0002 00

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Ultra‐Link Processing™
eNode User Manual
Document Number:
Version:
Date:
010‐0002‐00
V1.1
02/29/2010
The information disclosed in this document is proprietary to On‐Ramp Wireless, and is not to be used
or disclosed to unauthorized persons without the written consent of On‐Ramp Wireless. The recipient
of this document shall respect the security of this document and maintain the confidentiality of the
information it contains. The master copy of this document is stored in electronic format, therefore
any hard or soft copy used for distribution purposes must be considered as uncontrolled. Reference
should be made to On‐Ramp Wireless to obtain the latest version.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
Document Control History
Version
1.0
1.1
Date
2/12/10
2/29/10
Author
ORW
ORW
Remarks
Initial Release
Updated with certification comments (Sect 4.3 and 4.4)
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................................3
1.1
List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................6
2.1
What does this document cover? ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.2
Who should use this Manual? ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.3
Reference documents ....................................................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................7
APPROVALS ................................................................................................................................................8
4.1
FCC ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2
Industry Canada ................................................................................................................................................ 8
4.3
Usage................................................................................................................................................................ 8
4.4
Antennas .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
ENODE OVERVIEW AND INTERFACES............................................................................................. 10
5.1
Hardware Interface ......................................................................................................................................... 10
5.1.1 SPI Slave Interface................................................................................................................................................. 10
5.1.2 Pin Description ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1.3 Electrical Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................... 12
5.1.4 enode dimensions ................................................................................................................................................. 12
5.2
Software Interface .......................................................................................................................................... 13
5.3
Host Interface ................................................................................................................................................. 13
5.3.1 Functional Description .......................................................................................................................................... 13
5.3.2 Host Interface Protocol ......................................................................................................................................... 14
5.3.3 Signal Description ................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.3.4 Master Request / Slave Ready .............................................................................................................................. 14
5.3.5 Slave Request ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
5.3.6 Other Signals ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
5.3.7 SPI Interface Driver ............................................................................................................................................... 14
5.4
Software Upgrade Protocol ............................................................................................................................. 15
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.5
Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 15
Requirements........................................................................................................................................................ 15
Notes and Recommendations.......................................................................................................................... 15
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
1.1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 On‐Ramp Wireless ULP Network ............................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2 eNode Mechanical Dimensions ................................................................................................................................ 12
Figure 3 eNode SPI interface .................................................................................................................................................. 13
1.2
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 eNode Pin Description ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Table 2 eNode SPI Signal Definition........................................................................................................................................ 14
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
2.1
SCOPE
WHAT DOES THIS DOCUMENT COVER?
This document describes the On‐Ramp Wireless Ultra‐Link Processing™ (ULP) eNode. It describes the use of
the eNode within a ULP wireless packet data network and the hardware and software interfaces of the device.
2.2
WHO SHOULD USE THIS MANUAL?
Customers integrating On‐Ramp’s eNode module in to their sensor and location tracking systems, referred to
as Hosts in this document. For additional details on host application integration with the eNode please refer to
the eNode Specifications and Programming Guide.
2.3
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
INTRODUCTION
The ULP wireless packet data network, comprised of eNodes and Access Points operates at a breakthrough
receive sensitivity of ‐142 dBm. This dramatic increase in receive sensitivity allows for a wireless range of 2,000
miles in free space and 25x the range (600x the coverage) of typical wireless sensor systems while maintaining
a small and low‐cost form factor with multi‐year battery operation.
The ULP eNode is designed to easily integrate, via standard interfaces, with sensors enabling robust wireless
communication with one or more Access Points interfaced with a customer’s local or wide area network.
Each Access Point supports tens of thousands of sensors and can simultaneously demodulate signals from up
to a 1000 sensors using a unique patented multiple access scheme. With 172 dB of total allowable path loss
(FCC/IC regulatory regions) the ULP network can easily be deployed using a star topology configuration,
overcoming the limitations of legacy wireless sensor networks (802.11, 802.15.4, 900 MHz FHSS) that require
complicated mesh protocols to extend range or operate in a capacity limited simplex mode.
Figure 1 On‐Ramp Wireless ULP Network
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
APPROVALS
The eNode has been designed to meet regulations for world‐wide use.
4.1
FCC
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)
This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to
operate the equipment.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to
radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by
one or more of the following measures:
—Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
—Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
—Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
—Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
4.2
INDUSTRY CANADA
The installer of this radio equipment must ensure that the antenna is located or pointed such that it does not
emit RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population; consult Safety Code 6, obtainable
from Heath Canada’s website www.hc‐sc.gc.ca/rpb.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this
device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that
the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful
communication.
4.3
USAGE
FCC ID: XTE‐ULPENODE100. IC: 8655A‐ULPENODE100. This device is only authorized for use in mobile
applications. To meet FCC and other national RF exposure requirements the antenna for this device must be
installed to ensure a separation distance of at least 20cm (8 inches) from the antenna to a person.
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
4.4
ANTENNAS
This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum gain of 5 dB.
Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 5 dB are strictly prohibited for use with this
device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
5 dB omni‐directional antenna
2 dB omni‐directional antenna
1 dB omni‐directional antenna
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
10
ENODE OVERVIEW AND INTERFACES
The eNode platform provides ULP modem functionality on the client side. The eNode platform handles PHY &
MAC layers (L1 and L2) for the ULP technology. The eNode platform supports interfacing over Serial Peripheral
Interface (SPI).
The eNode easily integrates with Sensor or Locating tracking system using the software and hardware
interfaces supported. The eNode acts as the slave device and expects the host board to act as master.
5.1
5.1.1
HARDWARE INTERFACE
SPI SLAVE INTERFACE
The SPI Slave eNode Interface provides communication with an external host via a serial peripheral interface
(SPI). The host is the SPI master and the eNode is the SPI slave. In addition to the standard SPI signals, a host‐
to‐node wakeup request, a node‐to‐host status and a node‐to‐host transmit request are included to support
eNode state transitions and bi‐directional message traffic.
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
5.1.2
11
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin Name
Pin #
SPI-MISO
J701, 8
SPI-MOSI
Pin Description
Type
Master
Slave
Master In Slave Out
In
Out
J701, 7
Master Out Slave In
Out
In
SPI-SCLK
J701, 6
Serial Clock
Out
In
SPI-MRQ
J703, 6
Master Request
Out
In
SPI-SRDY
J703, 7
Slave Ready
In
Out
SPI-SRQ
J703, 8
Slave Request
In
Out
SPI-CS0
J701, 5
SPI Chip Select
Out
In
RXD0
TXD0
T_OUT
RESET
J701, 1
J701, 2
J701, 3
J701, 4
Serial 0 Receive
Serial 0 Transmit
Out
In
In
Out
eNode Reset
Out
In
RXD1
TXD1
VBATT1
VBATT2
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
J703, 3
J703, 4
J703, 1
J703, 2
J701, 9
J701, 10
J703, 5
J703, 9
J703, 10
Serial 1 Receive
Serial 1 Transmit
Table 1 eNode Pin Description
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
Remark
SPI Bus data line in the direction of
slave to master.
SPI Bus data line in the direction of
master to slave.
SPI Bus clock driven by master.
Depending on how polarity and phase
are configured, this clock’s edges
indicate when the data on MISO and
MOSI are valid.
Driven by the master to indicate to
slave that SPI activity needs to take
place. If the slave is sleeping, this signal
will wake it up. When the slave detects
this signal high, it must respond by
driving Slave Ready high.
Driven by the slave to indicate to the
master that it is awake and ready to
perform SPI Bus transactions.
Driven by the slave to indicate that it
wishes to send a message over SPI Bus
to the master. This is necessary since
master drives the clock and this gives
the slave a way to inform the master
that the slave wishes the clock to be
driven.
Used by Master to select which slave it
is communicating with over SPI Bus
Reserved for future use.
Reserved for future use.
TBD
Provides Host with ability to reset the
eNode.
Reserved for future use
Reserved for future use
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
5.1.3






5.1.4
12
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Module signals are defined as CMOS compatible 3V levels. The actual 3V levels could be between 3.0V
and 3.6V.
The eNode board converts the input voltage (VBATT) to its own required voltage levels. The input
voltage range is 2.4V to 5.5V.
The board can consume up to two (2) watts during transmission, its maximum power mode. The
power supply to the eNode must be able to supply enough current at a given operating voltage to
provide two (2) watts.
The eNode is specified to operate over a temperature range of ‐40C to +85C ambient temperature.
SPI signals are part of the 7‐wire SPI interface system
RX/TX Are part of the UART. UART Devices are reserved for future use for general Modem
communications.
ENODE DIMENSIONS
The figure below shows the eNode dimensions.
Figure 2 eNode Mechanical Dimensions
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
5.2
13
SOFTWARE INTERFACE
On‐Ramp’s eNode platform’s Software Interface includes the node resident SPI driver for the Interface
Hardware and the node resident messaging application. While the driver enables the hardware for data
transfer, the messaging application implements user level messages which enable the host to control the
behavior of the node. Using these messages the host can control the eNode all the way from integration to
deployment, including commissioning and configuration.
The SPI driver initializes and manages the SPI hardware. Together with SPI hardware, the driver implements
the SPI interface. On‐Ramp’s SPI Interface has additional features that support sleep & wake‐up requests.
The Host interface provides functionality described in next section. The host interface layer is hardware
independent and can run on SPI.
Note: The SPI Master driver and Host Interface Protocol application on the host need to be developed by the
owner of the ‘host’. They are not provided by On‐Ramp. Some sample code is available.
Figure 3 eNode SPI interface
5.3
HOST INTERFACE
5.3.1
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The host interface supports the higher layer messages for:







Commissioning the eNode from the Host
Configuring the eNode from the Host
Controlling the startup and steady state behavior of the eNode
Transferring payload data to and from the Host
Upgrading the Software on the eNode. [Future releases]
Executing a set of diagnostic tests on the eNode. [Future releases]
Collecting debug data from the eNode. [Future releases]
The messages can be broadly classified as Debug, Configuration, and User Data messages.
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
5.3.2
14
HOST INTERFACE PROTOCOL
On‐Ramp’s ULP eNode’s host interface supports reliable transfer of messages between the host and eNode
over SPI. To support this functionality:



Explicit ‘Connect’ and ‘Disconnect’ messages are supported.
Each host‐to‐node message is acknowledged. This is useful in reliability and also for back‐pressure,
where the host needs to slow down or stop sending messages to the eNode. The node‐to‐host
messages do not have any acknowledgements. The eNode will not wait for acknowledgements. The
eNode expects the host to be able to receive all messages and keep up with the eNode.
For the SPI interface, the host (being the SPI master) is expected to be fast enough so as to not block
various operations at the eNode. If this is violated, the eNode will miss RX/TX events.
The SPI Driver provides methods for basic bit/byte transport. To do that there are SPI message requests, SPI
message headers and SPI payload. The SPI payload contains the Host Interface message.
5.3.3
SIGNAL DESCRIPTION
Type
Pin Name
MISO
MOSI
SCLK
SS
MRQ
SRDY
SRQ
5.3.4
Pin Description
Master In Slave Out
Master Out Slave In
Serial Clock
Slave Select
Master Request
Slave Ready
Slave Request
Table 2 eNode SPI Signal Definition
Master
Slave
In
Out
Out
Out
Out
In
In
Out
In
In
In
In
Out
Out
MASTER REQUEST / SLAVE READY
Before initiating transfers to and from the node, the host must ensure the node is awake and ready to receive
SPI traffic by driving MRQ high and waiting for the node SPI slave to drive SRDY high. A high level on MRQ will
wake up a sleeping node and will prevent the node from going back to sleep.
5.3.5
SLAVE REQUEST
The node requests a message transfer from node‐to‐host by driving the SRQ high. Hosts that support bi‐
directional SPI traffic respond to SRQ by sending a message request to the node after the completion of any
ongoing transfers.
5.3.6
OTHER SIGNALS
Other signals i.e. MISO, MOSI, SCLK, SS are as per SPI Standard.
5.3.7
SPI INTERFACE DRIVER
The node SPI Slave Interface software driver provides a messaging protocol for interfacing to a host device
running an On‐Ramp host SPI master driver and for interfacing to a device running its own driver.
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.
eNode User Manual ‐ 010‐0002‐00
15
The On‐Ramp host SPI master driver uses a messaging protocol that is active only after the host has completed
an arbitration sequence. This allows the node to pass traffic across the SPI interface to both a host and a non‐
host device.
5.4
SOFTWARE UPGRADE PROTOCOL
5.4.1
OVERVIEW
The node supports upgrading of its software via the host SPI interface. This mechanism allows a host which
has access to a new software image to transfer the image to an attached node in small pieces and have them
written to flash. After the entire image has been transferred the node is powered cycled to boot the new
software image.
5.4.2
REQUIREMENTS
The node must be in the idle state when a software upgrade is attempted. The duration of an upgrade cycle is
dependent on the host but is at least 180 seconds.
Power must be maintained during an upgrade cycle. Power loss during an upgrade cycle will result in a non‐
functional node.
5.5
NOTES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The eNode processor is based on ARM and hence Little Endian.
At the SPI interface level

Arbitration needs to be typically done at startup time and after exiting out of deep sleep
modes. In addition to the normal case, the eNode supports Arbitration at‐will. When the host
initiates arbitration, the eNode will comply. This could be used to exit out of error conditions.

eNode to Host communication takes priority over Host to eNode, as there are buffer with
limited sizes on the eNode. Buffer over flows could cause unspecified results at the eNode.
When there is a race condition between Host‐to‐eNode and eNode‐to‐Host data transfer
initiation, then the eNode‐to‐Host is given priority. But if a Host‐to‐eNode transfer is in
progress, then the eNode will wait for the transfer to complete.
On‐Ramp Wireless, Inc.

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