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Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Silver Spring Networks 555 Broadway Street Redwood City, CA 94063 www.silverspringnet.com Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Copyright © 2013 Silver Spring Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. The Silver Spring Networks logo, UtilityIQ®, and UtilOS® are registered trademarks of Silver Spring Networks, Inc. GridScape™, CustomerIQ™, and Direct-to-Grid™ are trademarks of Silver Spring Networks, Inc. All other company and product names are used for identification purposes only and may be registered trademarks, trademarks, or service marks of their respective owners. Please consider the environment before printing this document. Revisions Number Date Revision December 2012 Added FCC and Government Guidelines section, revised EU regulatory information. Added 2.4 GHz to Specifications. Updated standards compliance specifications and corrected voltage range information. 10 Aug 2012 Updated supported frequencies for Luxembourg, United Kingdom, Portugal, and New Zealand; added EU regulatory information. Customer Support Country Email Telephone Hours Australia aus-support@silverspringnet.com 1300 706 769 9:00 AM - 9:00 PM Australia Eastern Time Canada support@silverspringnet.com Toll free: 5:00 AM - 6:00 PM 1-888-SSN-9876 US Pacific Time United States (1-888-776-9876) Worldwide Contact us on the Web +1-650-298-4298 http://www.silverspringnet.com/services/customer-support.html Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 2 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Contents Contents 1. About Access Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 AP Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Battery Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Read Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Rebooting or Recycling APs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Standards Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cellular Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Addressing Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 European Union Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Maintenance Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Surge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Redundant WAN Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Mounting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 WAN Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Throughput Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Responding to a WAN Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Multicast / Unicast Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Address Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2. FCC and Government Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 FCC Guidelines for Devices Containing a Transmitter Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 External Antenna Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 General Electrical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Fall Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Shock Accident First Aid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 3 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points About Access Points Overview TheȱSilverȱSpringȱAccessȱPointȱ(AP)ȱprovidesȱtheȱcentralȱlinkȱbetweenȱendpointȱdevicesȱandȱ networkȱcontrolȱandȱmonitoring.ȱItȱisȱtheȱconnectivityȱbetweenȱintelligentȱendpointsȱandȱtheȱ utility’sȱbackȱoffice.ȱItsȱflexibleȱcommunicationȱfeaturesȱextendȱtheȱreachȱandȱcoverageȱofȱtheȱ networkȱtoȱthousandsȱofȱcustomerȱpremises,ȱthroughȱscalabilityȱthatȱlowersȱownershipȱcosts.ȱ Sinceȱitȱhasȱaȱbackupȱbattery,ȱtheȱAPȱcanȱreliablyȱrouteȱscheduledȱreadȱandȱmanagementȱ tasks,ȱevenȱduringȱanȱoutage.ȱFigureȱ1ȱillustratesȱhowȱAPsȱconnectȱendpointsȱtoȱtheȱutilityȱ backȱofficeȱ(UtilityIQȱdataȱcenters). Figure 1. The AP in the network TheȱAccessȱPointȱcanȱbeȱmountedȱonȱpowerȱpolesȱorȱstreetȱlamps.ȱAllȱoutboundȱ communicationsȱ(requestsȱforȱdata)ȱpassȱthroughȱtheȱAP.ȱAllȱinboundȱdataȱpacketsȱ(data,ȱ alarms)ȱpassȱthroughȱtheȱAP. TheȱAPȱcanȱserveȱasȱtheȱtakeȬoutȱpointȱforȱnetworkȱmanagementȱtrafficȱinȱaȱstandȬaloneȱ communicationȱnetworkȱ(orȱalsoȱforȱAdvancedȱMeteringȱInfrastructure—AMI,ȱDistributionȱ Automation—DA,ȱorȱDemandȱResponseȱManager—DRMȱtrafficȱinȱaȱjointȱAMI/DA/DRMȱ installation).ȱInȱcertainȱcases,ȱtheȱAPȱcanȱbeȱtheȱtakeȬoutȱpointȱforȱtraffic.ȱ ItȱisȱworthȱnotingȱthatȱtheȱSilverȱSpringȱarchitectureȱdiffersȱfromȱmostȱothersȱinȱthatȱtheȱAPȱisȱ notȱwhatȱutilityȱcompaniesȱtypicallyȱcallȱaȱcollectorȱorȱconcentrator—itȱisȱaȱrouter.ȱThisȱ meansȱthatȱmemoryȱlimitsȱandȱdataȱvulnerabilityȱissuesȱtypicalȱofȱ“collector”ȱarchitectureȱareȱ eliminatedȱresultingȱinȱaȱmoreȱrobust,ȱscalable,ȱsimplerȱandȱhigherȱperformanceȱnetwork. TheȱAccessȱPointȱcomesȱwithȱaȱ902Ȭ928ȱMHzȬbasedȱradioȱNeighborhoodȱAreaȱNetworkȱ(orȱ NAN)ȱinterfaceȱwhichȱcanȱbeȱconfiguredȱwithȱanyȱcellularȱtechnologyȱ(forȱexample,ȱCodeȱ Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 4 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points DivisionȱMultipleȱAccess,ȱLongȱTermȱEvolution,ȱHighȱSpeedȱPacketȱAccess,ȱsingleȱcarrierȱ Radio Transmission Technology)ȱWideȱAreaȱNetworkȱ(WAN)ȱinterface,ȱorȱwithȱaȱ10/100ȱ Ethernetȱinterface.ȱTheȱAccessȱPointȱprovidesȱaȱmethodȱforȱimplementingȱtheȱlastȱmileȱutilityȱ informationȱandȱcontrolȱnetwork.ȱ Features TheȱfeaturesȱofȱtheȱSilverȱSpringȱAccessȱPointȱare: • FullȱtwoȬway,ȱ870Ȭ876ȱandȱ902Ȭ928ȱMHzȱFHSSȱ • OneȬwattȱtransmitterȱ • Dynamicȱnetworkȱdiscoveryȱandȱselfȱhealingȱ • Robustȱsecurityȱfromȱtheȱendpointȱthroughȱtoȱtheȱwideȱareaȱnetwork • “OverȬtheȬair”ȱnetworkȱfirmwareȱupgrades • Sophisticatedȱroutingȱfunctionsȱensureȱmultipleȱpathsȱtoȱeachȱendpointȱ • Automatedȱschedulingȱandȱnetworkȱmanagementȱtasksȱ • LongȬreach,ȱmultiȬhopȱnetworks,ȱprovidingȱhighȱendpointȬtoȬAccessȱPointȱdeploymentȱ ratios • WeatherȬresistantȱoutdoorȱenclosure,ȱforȱlongerȱlifeȱandȱgreaterȱdurability • Batteryȱbackupȱoptionȱ(highlyȱrecommended)ȱforȱfaultȬtolerantȱoperationȱ AP Product Description TheȱtypesȱofȱAPsȱavailableȱare: CellularȱAPs,ȱSatelliteȱAPs,ȱPadȬmountȱAPs,ȱandȱEthernetȱAPs.ȱTheȱEthernetȱAPsȱcanȱbeȱ configuredȱwithȱ10/100BaseT,ȱandȱFiberȱinterfaces. CellularȱandȱEthernetȱAccessȱPointsȱareȱshippedȱpreȬconfigured.ȱForȱcellularȱAccessȱPoints,ȱ SilverȱSpringȱwillȱworkȱwithȱtheȱchosenȱcellularȱproviderȱtoȱfacilitateȱAccessȱPointȱturnȬup.ȱȱȱ ForȱEthernetȱAccessȱPoints,ȱSilverȱSpringȱwillȱworkȱwithȱtheȱclientȱonȱIPȱaddressingȱtoȱallowȱ SilverȱSpringȱtoȱpreȬconfigureȱfieldȱdevicesȱforȱquickȱfieldȱimplementation. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 5 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Figureȱ2ȱshowsȱanȱEthernetȱAP.ȱ Figure 2. Silver Spring Networks Access Point (AP) Cellular antenna Power connector NAN antenna Battery Backups APsȱcanȱbeȱconfiguredȱwithȱbatteryȱbackups.ȱInȱtheȱeventȱofȱaȱpowerȱfailure,ȱtheȱbatteryȱ backupȱcanȱprovideȱcontinuousȱoperationȱforȱatȱleastȱeightȱhours. SilverȱSpringȱNetworksȱsuggestsȱasȱaȱbestȱpractice,ȱaȱbatteryȱbackupȱwithinȱtheȱAccessȱPoint.ȱ Whenȱoperatingȱonȱbatteryȱbackup,ȱAccessȱPointsȱmaintainȱfullȱoperationalȱfeatures.ȱTheȱ InfrastructureȱBatteryȱPackȱ(IBP)ȱusesȱsealedȱleadȬacidȱbatteryȱtechnology,ȱwhichȱwillȱdeliverȱ energyȱoverȱaȱȬ40ȱtoȱ+85Cȱtemperatureȱrange.ȱSilverȱSpringȱoperatesȱtheȱInfrastructureȱ BatteryȱPackȱonȱaȱfloatȱ(thatȱis,ȱtheȱusageȱmodelȱisȱdefinedȱasȱlongȱperiodsȱofȱtoppedȬoffȱ chargeȱstatesȱfollowedȱbyȱsporadicȱdeepȱdischargeȱeventsȱ(outageȱevents). UtilityIQ®,ȱGridScape,ȱorȱDemandȱResponseȱManagerȱapplicationsȱcanȱactivelyȱmonitorȱ status.ȱEventsȱrangeȱinȱseverityȱfromȱinformationalȱ(forȱexample,ȱexportȱjobȱsucceeded)ȱtoȱ warningȱ(forȱexample,ȱtheȱgapȱfillerȱhasȱstartedȱrunningȱbecauseȱanȱintervalȱgapȱwasȱ detected),ȱtoȱerrorȱ(forȱexample,ȱtheȱDCȱDetectionȱflagȱonȱtheȱmeterȱwasȱset),ȱtoȱemergency.ȱ TheseȱincludeȱanȱalarmȱwhenȱtheȱbackupȱbatteryȱonȱanȱAccessȱPointȱisȱcriticallyȱlow. Forȱmoreȱinformationȱonȱbatteryȱbackupȱdevices,ȱreferȱtoȱwww.enersys.com.ȱTheȱkeyȱ documentsȱare: • CyclonȱApplicationȱManual • CyclonȱSelectionȱGuide Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 6 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points TheȱdesignȱfloatȱlifeȱofȱSilverȱSpringȬIBPȱproductsȱisȱupȱtoȱeightȱ(8)ȱtoȱtenȱ(10)ȱyearsȱatȱroomȱ temperatureȱ(25°C/77°F)ȱandȱunderȱproperȱchargingȱconditions.ȱThisȱdesignȱlifeȱhasȱbeenȱ confirmedȱbyȱtheȱuseȱofȱacceleratedȱtestingȱmethodsȱthatȱareȱwidelyȱacceptedȱbyȱbothȱ manufacturersȱandȱusersȱofȱsealedȬleadȱbatteries.ȱHighȱtemperaturesȱareȱusedȱtoȱaccelerateȱ theȱagingȱprocessȱofȱtheȱbatteryȱunderȱtest. Read Storage TheȱAccessȱPointȱhasȱ8MBȱofȱRAMȱandȱ8MBȱofȱFlash.ȱNoȱreadsȱareȱstoredȱwithinȱtheȱAccessȱ Point. Power Requirements TheȱAccessȱPointȱandȱRelayȱrequireȱ96ȱtoȱ250ȱVACȱ(50ȱtoȱ60ȱHz).ȱ Powerȱcanȱbeȱtappedȱdirectlyȱfromȱtheȱpowerȱlineȱorȱfromȱaȱstreetȱlightȱreceptacle. Rebooting or Recycling APs SilverȱSpringȱNetworksȱAPsȱwillȱrunȱsteadyȱstateȱforȱanȱindefiniteȱperiodȱofȱtime.ȱRebootsȱareȱ notȱcontingentȱuponȱanyȱinherentȱtendencyȱforȱtheȱAPȱtoȱrebootȱitself.ȱTheȱonlyȱconditionsȱ thatȱwouldȱmanifestȱaȱrebootȱare:ȱ • Powerȱfailureȱinȱtheȱabsenceȱofȱbatteryȱbackup • WANȱdialerȱreachesȱaȱ“highȱwaterȱcount”ȱthatȱinducesȱaȱfirmwareȱrebootȱ–ȱthisȱhappensȱ whenȱcellularȱcoverageȱisȱintermittent • Upgradeȱofȱfirmware • DeliberateȱrebootȱinstructionȱissuedȱfromȱfieldȱtechnicianȱorȱfromȱbackȬoffice Standards Compliance APsȱcomplyȱwith: • OperatingȱVibrationȱstandardȱANSIȱC12.20,ȱIECȱ60068Ȭ2Ȭ8 • OperatingȱShockȱstandardȱANSIȱC12.20,ȱIECȱ60068Ȭ2Ȭ27 • HumidityȱstandardȱANSIȱC12.20,ȱIECȱ60068Ȭ2Ȭ6 • OperatingȱTemperatureȱstandardȱANSIȱC12.20,ȱIECȱ60068Ȭ2Ȭ1,ȱIECȱ60068Ȭ2Ȭ2 • ElectromagneticȱSusceptibilityȱstandardȱANSIȱC12.20,ȱIECȱ61000Ȭ4Ȭ3 • SurgeȱWithstandȱCapabilityȱstandardȱANSIȱC12.20,ȱIECȱ61000Ȭ4Ȭ5 • ElectrostaticȱDischargeȱstandardȱANSIȱC12.20,ȱIECȱ61000Ȭ4Ȭ2 • ElectricalȱFastȱTransientsȱperȱANSIȱC12.20,ȱIECȱ61000Ȭ4Ȭ4 • ȱConductedȱImmunityȱperȱIECȱ61000Ȭ4Ȭ6 • ȱMagneticȱImmunityȱIECȱ61000Ȭ4Ȭ8 • ȱVoltageȱDipsȱ&ȱInterruptsȱIECȱ61000Ȭ4Ȭ11 • ȱSafetyȱStandardȱforȱInformationȱTechnologyȱEquipment,ȱIECȱ60950Ȭ1,ȱIECȱ60950Ȭ22 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 7 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Cellular Modem Currently,ȱtheȱmodemȱisȱaȱSierraȱWirelessȱAirLink,ȱRavenX,ȱRavenXT,ȱorȱRavenXEȱ dependingȱonȱAPȱmodelȱandȱcountryȱlocation. Addressing Schemes SilverȱSpring’sȱaddressingȱschemeȱisȱbasedȱonȱtheȱInternetȱProtocolȱ(IP)ȱsuite.ȱEachȱnetworkȱ deviceȱhasȱoneȱorȱmoreȱIPv6ȱaddressesȱwithinȱtheȱLAN.ȱTheȱAccessȱPointȱwillȱtypicallyȱhaveȱ anȱIPv4ȱaddressȱassignedȱtoȱtheȱWANȱside.ȱAȱ6in4ȱtunnelȱcarriesȱtheȱdataȱoverȱaȱcellularȱ carrierȱorȱEthernetȬbasedȱbackhaulȱtoȱtheȱheadȱend,ȱwhereȱtheȱtunnelȱisȱterminated,ȱandȱIPv6ȱ trafficȱisȱcarriedȱthroughȱtoȱUtilityIQ,ȱGridScape,ȱorȱDRM.ȱAȱhighȬlevelȱconceptualizationȱofȱ theȱNANȬtoȬWANȱnetworksȱthatȱAPȱtrafficȱtraversesȱisȱshownȱinȱFigureȱ3. Figure 3. APs in the Silver Spring Network TheȱAccessȱPointȱisȱtheȱcentralȱlinkȱbetweenȱtheȱutility’sȱenterpriseȱmanagementȱsystemsȱandȱ theȱendpointȱdevicesȱsuchȱasȱSilverȱSpringȬenabledȱelectricity,ȱwater,ȱgasȱmeters,ȱbridges,ȱ ExternalȱCommunicationsȱModules,ȱandȱFaultȱCircuitȱIndicators.ȱ TheȱAccessȱPointȱisȱaȱvitalȱpartȱofȱtheȱsmartȱgridȱnetwork,ȱwhichȱextendsȱsecure,ȱrealȬtimeȱ measurementȱandȱcontrolȱinterfacesȱ(withȱfull,ȱtwoȬwayȱcommunications)ȱthroughoutȱtheȱ networkȱandȱtoȱtheȱcustomerȱpremises.ȱ TheȱAccessȱPointȱprovidesȱaȱhighlyȱreliableȱconnectionȱtoȱRFȱdevicesȱoverȱaȱNAN.ȱItȱ communicatesȱwithȱintelligentȱendpoints,ȱincludingȱmetersȱandȱBridges.ȱTheȱAccessȱPointȱ canȱalsoȱpassȱinformationȱthroughȱmultipleȱSilverȱSpringȱRelaysȱorȱthroughȱSilverȱSpringȱȬ enabledȱelectricityȱmetersȱorȱMasterȱBridges.ȱAndȱitȱoffersȱmultipleȱpathsȱtoȱeachȱendpoint,ȱ throughȱsophisticatedȱmeshȱnetworkȱroutingȱthatȱensuresȱgreaterȱreliabilityȱandȱredundancy.ȱ TheȱAccessȱPointȱalsoȱprovidesȱWANȱconnectivityȱtoȱyourȱutility’sȱmissionȬcriticalȱ applicationsȱthroughȱdigitalȱcellularȱorȱEthernetȱconnections. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 8 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Specifications TheȱAPȱhardwareȱspecificationsȱareȱlistedȱinȱTableȱ1.ȱ Table 1. Access Point specifications Feature Description 900 Mhz Communications: Data rate 100Kbps Frequencies 902-928 MHz North America 915-928 MHz Australia 902-907.5, 915-928 MHz Brazil 870-876 MHz Luxembourg & United Kingdom 870-873 MHz Portugal 922-928 MHz New Zealand Spread Spectrum technology FHSS Transmitter output 30 dBm Output impedance 50 ohms Receiver sensitivity -97 dBm for 1% PER WAN Cellular, Ethernet, Satellite 2.4 GHz HAN Transceiver: Frequency range 2.4 GHz, ISM Band Data rate 100Kbps - 1Mbps FHSS, 250kbps DSSS Spreading technique DSSS, FHSS MAC/Channels 802.15.4 - DSSS Transmitter output Output Power: 20-23dBm DSSS; 20-27dBm FHSS Receiver sensitivity -97 dBm for 1% PER Power Draw TX 1.8 W typ. (2.0 W max.) Physical Interfaces: Antenna connector N Type, Female NAN antenna Omni antenna with gain not to exceed 3.6dBi on 2.4GHz and 3.0dBi on 900MHz Cellular antenna Mobile Mark antenna RMM-UMB-1S-WHT-7 Protocols/Security: Addressing Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Security Secure Hash Algorithm 256 bit (SHA-256) RSA-1024 and /or ECC256 Encryption AES-128 or AES-256 Mechanical: Cellular 24cm (9.5”) L x 25cm (10”) W x 13cm (5.2”) H, 2.38kg (5.1 lbs.) weight, IP65, white, aluminum housing Ethernet 23cm (9”) L x 20cm (8”) W x 10cm (4”) H, 1.8kg (4 lbs.) weight, IP65, white, aluminum housing Underground (cellular) 34cm (13.5”) L x 29cm (11.5”) W x 15cm (6”) H, 6.2kg (13.6 lbs.) weight, IP67, fiberglass reinforced polyester (FRP) housing Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 9 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Table 1. Access Point specifications (Continued) Feature Description Environmental: Operating Temperature: -40°C to +70°C (-40°F to +158°F) Humidity: 0% to 95%, non-condensing Power Voltage Range: 96 to 250 VAC, ~ 1A, 50 to 60Hz Power Consumption Ethernet Ethernet with battery Cellular Cellular with battery Idle Maximum 2.5W, 7W 2.5W, 8W 2.5W, 12.5W 2.5W, 13.5W Battery Backup Option: > 8 hour operation Receive Sensitivity Receive sensitivity is -102 dBm @ 10-6 BER. Mounting Kit Options: Pole Wooden, concrete, light Other Wall, pad Approvals: FCC Part 15.247 Industry Canada RSS-210 European Union Compliance ThisȱsectionȱdescribesȱSilverȱSpringȱNetworks’ȱcomplianceȱwithȱtheȱEUȱR&TTEȱDirective. ȱTheȱAccessȱPointȱ1.5iȱusesȱaȱoneȱWattȱFHSSȱradio.ȱLicensesȱhaveȱbeenȱissuedȱasȱfollows: • Luxembourgȱ AȱlicenseȱhasȱbeenȱobtainedȱfromȱILRȱ(InstitutȱLuxembourgeoisȱdeȱRegulation)ȱtoȱoperateȱ inȱLuxembourgȱinȱtheȱ870Ȭ876ȱMHzȱband. • UnitedȱKingdom AȱlicenseȱhasȱbeenȱobtainedȱfromȱOfcomȱtoȱoperateȱinȱUKȱinȱtheȱ870Ȭ876ȱMHzȱband. • Portugalȱ AȱlicenseȱhasȱbeenȱobtainedȱfromȱANACOMȱtoȱoperateȱinȱPortugalȱinȱtheȱ870Ȭ873ȱMHzȱ band. Thisȱdeviceȱhasȱbeenȱdesignedȱtoȱoperateȱwithȱandȱcertifiedȱforȱantennasȱthatȱhaveȱaȱ maximumȱgainȱofȱ3.0dBiȱonȱ900MHzȱandȱ3.6dBiȱonȱ2.4GHz.ȱAntennasȱthatȱhaveȱaȱgainȱ greaterȱthanȱspecifiedȱareȱstrictlyȱprohibitedȱforȱuseȱwithȱthisȱdevice.ȱTheȱrequiredȱantennaȱ impedanceȱisȱ50ȱohms.ȱ Installationȱofȱallȱantennaȱradiatingȱelementsȱshallȱhaveȱaȱminimumȱseparationȱdistanceȱofȱ20ȱ cmȱfromȱallȱpersonsȱandȱmustȱnotȱbeȱcoȬlocatedȱorȱoperatingȱinȱconjunctionȱwithȱanyȱotherȱ transmitter.ȱ Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 10 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Declaration of Conformity with regard to the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC Thisȱdeclarationȱisȱonlyȱvalidȱforȱconfigurationsȱ(combinationsȱofȱsoftware,ȱfirmware,ȱandȱ hardware)ȱprovidedȱandȱsupportedȱbyȱSilverȱSpringȱNetworksȱInc.ȱTheȱuseȱofȱsoftwareȱorȱ firmwareȱnotȱprovidedȱandȱsupportedȱbyȱSilverȱSpringȱNetworksȱInc.ȱmayȱresultȱinȱtheȱ equipmentȱnoȱlongerȱbeingȱcompliantȱwithȱtheȱregulatoryȱrequirements.ȱ Note: The equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Theȱfollowingȱstandardsȱwereȱapplied:ȱ • EMC: ENȱ55022ȱ(2010),ȱENȱ55024(2010),ȱENȱ61000Ȭ3Ȭ2ȱ(2006) ENȱ61000Ȭ3Ȭ3ȱ(2008),ȱETSIȱENȱ301ȱ489Ȭ3ȱv1.4.1 • Safety: ENȱ60950Ȭ1:2006,ȱENȱ60950Ȭ22:2006,ȱBSȬENȱ62311ȱ(2008) • Radio: ETSIȱENȱ300ȱ220Ȭ1ȱv2.3.1ȱ(2010Ȭ02),ȱETSIȱENȱ300ȱ220Ȭ2ȱv2.3.1ȱ(2009Ȭ12),ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ TheȱconformityȱassessmentȱprocedureȱreferredȱtoȱinȱArticleȱ10ȱandȱdetailedȱinȱAnnexȱIVȱofȱ Directiveȱ1999/5/ECȱhasȱbeenȱfollowed. Note: This equipment is intended to be used in Luxembourg, United Kingdom, and Portugal in conjunction with licenses. For more details, contact Silver Spring Networks Compliance. TheȱproductȱcarriesȱtheȱCEȱMark: AȱcopyȱofȱtheȱDeclarationȱofȱConformityȱmayȱbeȱobtainedȱwithȱformalȱrequestȱto: SilverȱSpringȱNetworks,ȱc/oȱHardwareȱEngineering 555ȱBroadwayȱStreet RedwoodȱCity,ȱCAȱ94063,ȱUSA Declaration of Conformity for RF Exposure ThisȱsystemȱhasȱbeenȱevaluatedȱforȱRFȱexposureȱforȱHumansȱinȱreferenceȱtoȱENȱ62311(2008)ȱ Assessmentȱofȱelectronicȱandȱelectricalȱequipmentȱrelatedȱtoȱhumanȱexposureȱrestrictionsȱforȱ electromagneticȱfieldsȱ(0ȱHzȱ–ȱ300ȱGHz).ȱTheȱminimumȱseparationȱdistanceȱfromȱtheȱantennaȱ toȱgeneralȱbystanderȱisȱ20cmȱ(7.9ȱinches).ȱ Installation Note SinceȱAPsȱdoȱnotȱhaveȱaȱpowerȱon/offȱswitchȱforȱdisconnectingȱACȱpowerȱbeforeȱservicing,ȱ ACȱpowerȱisȱprovidedȱthroughȱanȱACȱmainsȱdisconnectȱswitchȱorȱbreaker.ȱTherefore,ȱtheȱ electricalȱinstallationȱofȱthisȱproductȱisȱunderȱtheȱcontrolȱofȱtheȱpowerȱutilitiesȱorȱtheirȱ authorizedȱsubcontractors.ȱReferȱtoȱtheirȱproceduresȱforȱfurtherȱinstructions. Onlyȱcertainȱtypesȱofȱbatteriesȱcanȱbeȱusedȱforȱbatteryȱreplacements.ȱContactȱSilverȱSpringȱ Networksȱforȱinformationȱaboutȱequivalentȱbatteryȱtypesȱthatȱcanȱbeȱusedȱforȱreplacement. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 11 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Maintenance Procedures IfȱanȱAccessȱPointȱexperiencesȱanȱoutage,ȱallȱendȱpointȱdevicesȱandȱRelaysȱthatȱwereȱ associatedȱwithȱitȱwillȱconvergeȱonȱtheirȱsecondaryȱAccessȱPointȱasȱfoundȱwithinȱtheirȱ NodeQs.ȱThisȱalleviatesȱoutagesȱdueȱtoȱAccessȱPointȱfailure.ȱUtilityIQȬNetworkȱElementȱ Managerȱ(NEM),ȱGridScape,ȱorȱDemandȱResponseȱManagerȱisȱthenȱalertedȱofȱanȱAccessȱ Pointȱoutage,ȱandȱforwardsȱthisȱmessageȱtoȱtheȱoperator.ȱSpareȱpreȬconfiguredȱAccessȱPointsȱ areȱkeptȱonȱhand,ȱandȱareȱscheduledȱforȱnetworkȱinsertionȱwithinȱtheȱutilitiesȱworkȱorderȱ managementȱsystem.ȱWithinȱNEM,ȱGridScape,ȱorȱDRM,ȱtheȱfailedȱAccessȱPointȱisȱflaggedȱforȱ RMA,ȱandȱtheȱdeviceȱisȱreplaced. Surge Protection APsȱcomplyȱwithȱupȱtoȱ20kVȱforȱcombinationȱwaveȱandȱupȱtoȱ6kVȱforȱringȱwavesȱ(reflectsȱtheȱ currentȱEthernetȱAPȱandȱprojectedȱassembly.) Redundant WAN Option WANȱredundancyȱisȱinherentȱtoȱtheȱroutedȱMeshȱbeingȱofferedȱbyȱSilverȱSpringȱNetworks.ȱ AccessȱPointsȱhaveȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱidentifyȱWANȱoutagesȱandȱforwardȱtrafficȱtoȱsecondaryȱ AccessȱPointsȱviaȱtheirȱ902Ȭ928ȱFHSSȱinterface.ȱThereȱisȱnoȱdowntimeȱrealizedȱandȱasȱroutesȱ toȱtheȱWANȱbecomeȱunavailable,ȱthoseȱroutesȱageȱoutȱofȱtheȱrouteȱtablesȱofȱadjacentȱnodesȱasȱ wouldȱbeȱexpectedȱinȱaȱfullȬmeshȱnetworkȱthatȱcontinuouslyȱupdatesȱnodeȱqueuesȱandȱrouteȱ tables.ȱWhenȱanȱAPȱbecomesȱunavailable,ȱtheȱroutedȱMeshȱdynamicallyȱreconfiguresȱtoȱ availableȱAPs.ȱWhenȱtheȱAPȱcomesȱbackȱonline,ȱtheȱroutedȱMeshȱdynamicallyȱreconfiguresȱtoȱ includeȱtheȱAPȱinȱtheȱMeshȱnetwork. ItȱisȱtheȱsuggestionȱofȱSilverȱSpringȱthatȱmultipleȱcellularȱcarriersȱbeȱspreadȱacrossȱtheȱ territoryȱtoȱreduceȱtheȱimpactȱofȱaȱwideȱscaleȱcellularȱoutage.ȱInȱaddition,ȱtheȱcoȬminglingȱofȱ privateȱbackhaulȱsuchȱasȱprivateȱnetworkȱfoundȱwithinȱsubstationsȱisȱalsoȱanȱoption.ȱTheȱ SilverȱSpringȱNetworksȱAccessȱPointȱcanȱuseȱpublicȱorȱprivateȱbackhaulȱtechnologiesȱtoȱ communicateȱtoȱtheȱhostȱsystemȱ(UtilityIQ,ȱGridScape,ȱorȱDRM)ȱatȱtheȱUtilityȱheadȱend.ȱAnȱ APȱcanȱhaveȱaȱcellularȱmodemȱ(suchȱasȱthoseȱapprovedȱforȱuseȱonȱCDMAȱorȱGeneralȱPacketȱ RadioȱServiceȱ(GPRS)ȱsystemsȱfromȱSprint,ȱAT&T,ȱTelusȱorȱotherȱcarrier)ȱorȱanyȱbroadbandȱ technologyȱthatȱisȱEthernet/IPȱcompatibleȱ(suchȱasȱWiȬFi,ȱfiber,ȱprivateȱmicrowaveȱorȱ WiMAX).ȱCurrentȱSilverȱSpiringȱcustomersȱareȱusingȱcellularȱmodems,ȱfiberȱbackhaul,ȱandȱ privateȱlicensedȱandȱunlicensedȱwirelessȱbackhaulȱtechnologies.ȱAdditionally,ȱsomeȱ customersȱareȱcurrentlyȱexperimentingȱwithȱsatelliteȱbackhaulȱconnectionsȱandȱwillȱbeȱ deployingȱthisȱtechnologyȱwhereȱneeded. Mounting Options TheȱAccessȱPointsȱcanȱbeȱmountedȱonȱaȱutilityȱpoleȱorȱlightȱpole.ȱTheȱcanȱbeȱpadȱmountedȱasȱ wellȱasȱwallȱmounted.ȱ(Forȱadditionalȱinformation,ȱreferȱtoȱtheȱSilverȱSpringȱNetworksȱ InfrastructureȱHardwareȱGuide.)ȱSilverȱSpringȱrecommendsȱthatȱtheȱunitsȱbeȱmountedȱatȱaȱ heightȱofȱ7ȱtoȱ9ȱmeters.ȱ WAN Options AnyȱWANȱbackhaulȱthatȱcanȱinterfaceȱwithȱtheȱAccessȱPoint’sȱEthernetȱportȱandȱprovideȱ IPv4ȱconnectivityȱtoȱtheȱHESȱwithȱaȱminimumȱofȱ40kbpsȱcanȱbeȱusedȱasȱbackhaul. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 12 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Customersȱhaveȱusedȱtheȱfollowingȱalternativeȱbackhaulȱtechnologies: • DistributionȱSubstationȱBackhaulȱ(forȱexample,ȱfiber) • WiMAX • SatelliteȱRadios TheȱdesignȱruleȱforȱAccessȱPointȱtoȱRFȱdevicesȱisȱ1ȱtoȱ5,000.ȱAtȱthisȱratio,ȱtheȱmaximumȱdataȱ throughputȱrequiredȱfromȱaȱWANȱsolutionȱisȱ40kbpsȱperȱAccessȱPoint. BasedȱonȱrealȬworldȱdataȱonȱaȱnetworkȱofȱthisȱsize,ȱtheȱaverageȱwirelessȱspeedȱisȱmeasuredȱatȱ 2.6Mbpsȱdownstreamȱandȱ700Kbpsȱupstream,ȱwhichȱisȱwellȱinȱexcessȱofȱrequirements. Theȱbackhaulȱisȱfairlyȱinsensitiveȱtoȱlatencyȱ(thatȱis,ȱinȱremoteȱlocations,ȱSilverȱSpringȱalreadyȱ provenȱsuccessfulȱconnectionȱusingȱsatelliteȱradiosȱwhichȱhaveȱaȱ~1.5sȱRTTȱȬȱorȱRoundȱTripȱ Time). SilverȱSpringȱrecommendsȱthatȱtheȱnetworkȱdesignȱforȱaȱparticularȱdeploymentȱlimitȱ exposureȱtoȱsingleȱpointsȱofȱfailureȱandȱproactivelyȱdesignȱforȱredundancyȱbyȱallowingȱeachȱ RFȱdeviceȱtoȱbeȱreachedȱfromȱmoreȱthanȱoneȱAccessȱPoint.ȱInȱallȱbutȱruralȱdensities,ȱhavingȱ upȱtoȱ5,000ȱRFȱdevicesȱperȱAPȱgenerallyȱresultsȱinȱmostȱRFȱdevicesȱbeingȱableȱtoȱreachȱmoreȱ thanȱoneȱAccessȱPoint.ȱ Throughput Performance TypicalȱdataȱpacketȱsizesȱobservedȱinȱSmartȱGridȱsystemsȱisȱbetweenȱ150ȱbytesȱforȱDAȱorȱ otherȱsimpleȱcommandȱandȱcontrolȱapplications.ȱAȱnormalȱDRMȱandȱAMIȱmeterȱreadȱpacketȱ isȱapproximatelyȱ350ȱbytesȱincludingȱfullȱmeasurementȱintervals,ȱeventȱlogs,ȱandȱ instantaneousȱregisterȱreads.ȱAtȱ100ȱKbpsȱ(10ȱbytesȱ/ȱmS),ȱdeliveryȱofȱ150ȱbyteȱpacketsȱoccursȱ atȱ10ȱfullȱtransactionsȱperȱsecond.ȱ TheȱlargerȱAMI/DRMȱpacketsȱareȱdeliveredȱatȱ3Ȭ5ȱtransactionsȱperȱsecond.ȱTheseȱareȱtypicalȱ observedȱratesȱandȱitȱshouldȱbeȱmentionedȱthatȱforȱreliabilityȱreasonsȱallȱtransactionsȱareȱ completelyȱacknowledgedȱfourȬwayȱconfirmedȱevents.ȱ Thoughȱfinalȱdataȱisȱnotȱavailable,ȱraisingȱonȬairȱdataȱratesȱfromȱ100ȱKbpsȱtoȱ300ȱKbpsȱwillȱ roughlyȱdoubleȱtheȱPPSȱratesȱatȱtheȱaggregationȱpointsȱ(AccessȱPoints).ȱThisȱmovesȱtheȱdailyȱ capacityȱofȱanȱAccessȱPointȱfromȱapproximatelyȱ400,000ȱtransactionsȱperȱdayȱtoȱnearlyȱaȱ million. TheȱbandwidthȱbeingȱfedȱtoȱtheȱWANȱsideȱofȱtheȱAccessȱPointȱisȱdeterminedȱbyȱwhatȱ backhaulȱisȱbeingȱused. WithȱtheȱAccessȱPointȱbeingȱaȱrouterȱandȱnotȱaȱcollector,ȱdataȱisȱconstantlyȱbeingȱtransmittedȱ throughȱtheȱWAN,ȱeliminatingȱtheȱneedȱtoȱstoreȱdataȱforȱlaterȱtransmissionȱ(Storeȱandȱ Forward).ȱTheȱAccessȱPoint,ȱusingȱ100KbpsȱonȱtheȱNANȱside,ȱaggregatesȱ3000Ȭ5000ȱmeters,ȱ bridges,ȱorȱotherȱRFȱdevices,ȱwhileȱprocessingȱapproximatelyȱ5ȱtransactionsȱperȱsecondȱandȱ deliveringȱupwardsȱofȱ500,000ȱtransactionsȱperȱdayȱtoȱtheȱbackȱoffice. TheȱrawȱthroughputȱinȱtheȱRFȱNANȱinȱtheȱSilverȱSpringȱsmartȱgridȱsolutionȱisȱ100ȱKbpsȱ nodeȬtoȬnode.ȱThisȱmeansȱthatȱbetweenȱeachȱdevice,ȱthereȱisȱ100ȱKbpsȱofȱavailableȱ bandwidth.ȱOnȱaverage,ȱtheȱamountȱofȱtrafficȱisȱrelativelyȱlowȱwithȱrespectȱtoȱtheȱamountȱofȱ availableȱbandwidth.ȱ Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 13 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Figureȱ4ȱillustratesȱdataȱcollectedȱfromȱaȱliveȱcustomerȱnetworkȱoverȱaȱperiodȱofȱoneȱweek.ȱ Asȱshown,ȱtheȱaverageȱbandwidthȱconsumedȱbyȱAdvancedȱMeteringȱtrafficȱisȱapproximatelyȱ 15ȱKbpsȱorȱ15%,ȱleavingȱ85%ȱforȱotherȱsmartȱgridȱsolutionsȱsuchȱasȱDAȱorȱDRȱ(disasterȱ recovery). Figure 4. Average bandwidth consumed by AMI traffic ItȱisȱworthȱnotingȱthatȱthereȱareȱaȱnumberȱofȱfactorsȱthatȱimpactȱeachȱRFȱMeshȱlinkȱbetweenȱ anyȱtwoȱnodesȱincludingȱbutȱnotȱlimitedȱto:ȱscheduledȱjobsȱ(suchȱasȱmeterȱreads),ȱpathȱ selectionȱfromȱanȱRFȱdeviceȱtoȱanȱAccessȱPoint,ȱfailuresȱorȱoutages,ȱetc.ȱAnȱeffectiveȱmethodȱ toȱmonitorȱnetworkȱperformanceȱ(dataȱtransmission,ȱbandwidthȱutilization,ȱetc.)ȱisȱatȱanȱ AccessȱPointȱasȱtheȱAPȱisȱtheȱtakeȱoutȱpointȱforȱallȱassociatedȱRFȱdevices.ȱMeaningȱRFȱdevicesȱ andȱRelaysȱinȱtheȱSilverȱSpringȱNANȱareȱconstantlyȱretuningȱto,ȱoptimizingȱtheirȱpathsȱandȱ reportingȱintoȱtheirȱAccessȱPoints. AllȱtrafficȱflowingȱinȱandȱoutȱofȱtheȱRFȱMeshȱnetworkȱmustȱtraverseȱtheȱAccessȱPoint.ȱWhileȱitȱ isȱfairlyȱsimpleȱtoȱmonitorȱaȱsingleȱAccessȱPoint,ȱitȱisȱimportantȱtoȱrealizeȱthatȱthereȱareȱ typicallyȱmanyȱAccessȱPointsȱinȱaȱcommerciallyȱdeployedȱsmartȱgridȱsystem.ȱTheȱSilverȱ SpringȱsolutionȱenablesȱallȱAccessȱPointsȱtoȱoperateȱindependentlyȱandȱinȱparallel,ȱeffectivelyȱ increasingȱthroughputȱandȱreducingȱlatency. TheȱSilverȱSpringȱUtilityIQȱNEM,ȱGridScape,ȱandȱDRMȱenableȱtheȱconfigurationȱofȱpolicesȱ forȱbandwidthȱutilizationȱforȱbothȱtheȱWANȱandȱtheȱNAN.ȱOnceȱconfigured,ȱtheȱmonitoringȱ applicationsȱgenerateȱalertsȱforȱanyȱbandwidthȱutilizationȱpolicyȱviolations.ȱTheȱnetworkȱ statisticsȱreportȱprovidesȱdetailedȱinsightȱintoȱpotentialȱnetworkȱloadȱissues.ȱ TheȱmonitoringȱapplicationsȱcanȱmeasureȱandȱreportȱonȱRFȱcharacteristicsȱinȱtheȱNAN,ȱ includingȱtheȱidentificationȱofȱdevicesȱassociatedȱwithȱareasȱofȱpoorȱcoverage.ȱHavingȱsuchȱ dataȱenablesȱSilverȱSpringȱtoȱassessȱwhetherȱsuchȱareasȱrequireȱtheȱdeploymentȱofȱadditionalȱ RelaysȱorȱAccessȱPoints.ȱThisȱisȱespeciallyȱusefulȱinȱtheȱearlyȱphasesȱofȱaȱdeployment. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 14 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Figure 5. AP Failure management Alert Recieved Alert Cleared ? Yes Stop No Yes Problem with Event Monitoring – Call IT No Ping the IPv6 Address of the AP IPv6 reachable ? Alert Cleared ? Yes Problem with AP Hardware – Call Field Engineer No Ping the IPv4 Address of the AP IPv4 reachable ? B /D O AP ? Yes Yes Use Wireless ACE utility to isolate Problem 6in4 No 10 Traceroute to the IPv4 Address of the AP 11 Traceroute terminates inside L42 ? Yes Problem with BO Network – Call IT 13 IPv4 reachable ? Yes Problem with BO Network – Call IT AP Problem with 6in4 tunnel – Call IT No 12 From a remote server ping the IPv4 address of AP No 14 Identify Neighbouring Devices 15 Check NodeQ of neighbours Yes 17 Is reboot counter increasing ? 18 Attempt to reboot Manually Yes No 16 AP Seen in neighbour NodeQ? Yes 20 Carrier Network OK Problem with WAN Network – Call WAN Carrier 19 Manual reboot resolve? No Yes Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 Problem with AP Hardware – Call Field Engineer Problem with AP Hardware – Call Field Engineer Problem with WAN Network – Wait for resolution No Problem with AP Hardware – Call Field Engineer Stop 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 15 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Responding to a WAN Failure AnȱAPȱmightȱnotȱbeȱreachableȱbecauseȱtheȱdeviceȱcannotȱdialȱoutȱonȱtheȱWAN.ȱTheȱdeviceȱ continuesȱtoȱtryȱdialingȱoutȱuntilȱitȱisȱeitherȱableȱtoȱconnect,ȱorȱitȱhasȱdialedȱ308ȱtimes.ȱIfȱitȱcanȱ connect,ȱtheȱdeviceȱnotifiesȱtheȱeventȱmanagementȱprogramȱthatȱitȱhasȱsuccessfullyȱ recovered.ȱIfȱitȱcannot,ȱthenȱtheȱmodemȱresetsȱitself.ȱTheȱbehaviorȱofȱanȱAPȱrepeatedlyȱ becomingȱunreachable,ȱandȱthenȱrecoveringȱshortlyȱafter,ȱisȱcalledȱflapping. Aȱsmallȱamountȱofȱflappingȱisȱnormal.ȱBecauseȱaȱdeviceȱcanȱrecoverȱonȱitsȱown,ȱwaitȱforȱoneȱ dayȱofȱdowntime,ȱorȱoneȱtoȱtwoȱdaysȱofȱfrequentȱflappingȱbeforeȱinvestigatingȱfurther.ȱ Filteringȱandȱreviewingȱtheȱeventȱmanagementȱprogramȱmailȱalertsȱregularlyȱcanȱhelpȱtoȱ identifyȱdevicesȱthatȱneedȱattention.ȱTheȱstandardȱoperatingȱprocedureȱregardingȱcollectorȱ failure/managementȱisȱshownȱinȱFigureȱ5ȱonȱpageȱ15. Multicast / Unicast Communications CommandsȱsentȱfromȱheadȬendȱmonitoringȱapplicationsȱ(NEM,ȱGridScape,ȱorȱDRM)ȱviaȱtheȱ AccessȱPointȱ(AP)ȱareȱunicast,ȱasȱtheȱreceiptȱofȱeachȱpacketȱmustȱbeȱacknowledged.ȱHowever,ȱ inȱsimilarȱfashionȱtoȱmulticast,ȱcommandsȱcanȱbeȱsentȱtoȱaȱstaticallyȱorȱdynamicallyȱdefinedȱ groupȱofȱRFȱdevicesȱforȱeaseȱofȱmanageability.ȱInȱaddition,ȱtheȱHESȱsendsȱ“Jobs”ȱoutȱinȱ parallelȱtoȱAccessȱPoints,ȱthatȱthenȱinȱturn,ȱsendȱcommandsȱoutȱtoȱendpoints.ȱTheȱresultingȱ effectȱisȱparallelȱprocessingȱthatȱaccomplishesȱaȱmulticastȬlikeȱservice. Networking EachȱNICȱinȱSilverȱSpringȱRFȱdevicesȱregistersȱwithȱtwoȱIPv6ȱaddressesȱ–ȱoneȱforȱeachȱofȱtwoȱ APs:ȱaȱprimaryȱandȱsecondaryȱAP.ȱWhenȱoneȱdies,ȱanotherȱisȱfound.ȱFromȱaȱtopologyȱ perspective,ȱeachȱAPȱisȱitsȱownȱIPv6ȱsubnet.ȱSoȱNICsȱareȱinȱtwoȱdifferentȱsubnetsȱȬȱoneȱforȱ eachȱAP. TheȱendȬtoȬendȱprotocolȱwithinȱtheȱNANȱisȱAESȱ128/256ȱbit,ȱcryptoȱIPv6.ȱAsȱtheȱAccessȱPointȱ understandsȱtheȱfullȱtopologyȱofȱtheȱunderlyingȱmesh,ȱtheȱIPv6ȱpacketȱisȱsourceȱroutedȱfromȱ theȱAPȱtoȱeachȱendȱdeviceȱ–ȱmeaningȱthatȱtheȱfullȱcommunicationȱpathȱfromȱtheȱAccessȱPointȱ toȱtheȱdeviceȱisȱspecified,ȱhopȱbyȱhop,ȱinȱtheȱpacket.ȱTheȱNANȱendpointȱtoȱAccessȱPointȱ routingȱdecisionsȱareȱmadeȱhopȬbyȬhopȱ(thatȱis,ȱtheȱNANȱendpointȱwillȱsendȱtheȱIPv6ȱpacketȱ toȱitsȱneighborȱthatȱhasȱtheȱleastȱcostȱrouteȱtoȱtheȱAccessȱPoint.ȱThenȱthisȱneighborȱwillȱ forwardȱtheȱpacketȱtoȱitsȱneighborȱwithȱtheȱbestȱrouteȱuntilȱtheȱpacketȱreachesȱtheȱAccessȱ Point.ȱ(TheȱAccessȱPointȱacquiresȱitsȱunderstandingȱofȱtheȱfullȱmeshȱtopologyȱbecauseȱitȱ sendsȱrouteȱadvertisementȱmessagesȱatȱrandomizedȱintervals.) NANȱsystemȱoneȱwayȱlatencyȱisȱmeasuredȱatȱ50msȱperȱhopȱbetweenȱanyȱpointsȱinȱtheȱNAN.ȱ TheȱSilverȱSpringȱnetworkȱdesignȱexpectsȱonȱaverage,ȱnoȱmoreȱthanȱ6ȱhopsȱtoȱanyȱendȱpointȱ (suchȱasȱaȱmeterȱorȱDataȱLinkȱControl,ȱDLC,ȱdevice).ȱThisȱwouldȱtypicallyȱyieldȱ300msȱofȱ NANȱlatencyȱtoȱanyȱRFȱorȱDLCȱdevice.ȱInȱaddition,ȱanȱAccessȱPointȱcanȱprocessȱupȱtoȱ10ȱ packetsȱperȱsecond.ȱEachȱDLCȱcommandȱconsistsȱofȱaȱsingleȱpacket,ȱwithȱoneȱassociatedȱ ACKȱpacket.ȱWithȱnoȱotherȱAMIȱtrafficȱtraversingȱanȱAccessȱPoint,ȱanȱAccessȱPointȱcouldȱ processȱ100ȱDLCȱcommandsȱandȱACKs,ȱinȱapproximatelyȱ30ȱseconds. TheȱcellularȱmodemȱhasȱstoreȬandȬforwardȱGPSȱreportingȱcapabilityȱwithȱaccuracyȱnoȱlessȱ thanȱ10ȱmeters. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 16 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Address Management ForȱtheȱLAN,ȱaȱDDNSȱ(DynamicȱDNS)ȱsystemȱisȱused.ȱEachȱdeviceȱhasȱoneȱorȱmoreȱIPv6ȱ addressedȱassignedȱtoȱit,ȱbasedȱonȱitsȱlocationȱinȱtheȱnetworkȱandȱrouteȱoutȱofȱtheȱLAN.ȱ Theseȱaddressesȱareȱthenȱstoredȱatȱtheȱheadȱendȱandȱusedȱforȱallȱcommunicationsȱwithȱtheȱ devicesȱ(ping,ȱtrace,ȱreads,ȱetc.),ȱgivingȱtheȱcustomerȱaȱtrue,ȱnativeȱendȬtoȬendȱIPȱnetwork. Administration ThisȱsectionȱdiscussesȱadministrativeȱissuesȱaboutȱAccessȱPoints. TheȱRavenXȱmodemȱinȱeachȱAPȱhasȱaȱTELNETȱportȱthatȱisȱusedȱforȱinternalȱcommunicationsȱ supportȱpurposes.ȱTheȱRavenXȱmodemȱonȱtheȱAPȱusesȱportȱ6543ȱforȱTELNET.ȱDoȱnotȱdisableȱ thisȱportȱasȱdoingȱsoȱwillȱpreventȱtheȱSierraȱWirelessȱapplicationȱfromȱcommunicating.ȱ Note: Silver Spring does not support end users accessing the AP’s modem TELNET port. Justȱlikeȱaȱmeter,ȱitȱisȱpossibleȱtoȱpingȱanȱAccessȱPoint.ȱTheȱSilverȱSpringȱsolutionȱusesȱIPv6,ȱ soȱitȱisȱsimplyȱaȱmatterȱofȱinvokingȱanȱonȬdemandȱping.ȱThisȱcanȱbeȱaccomplishedȱviaȱtheȱ UtilityIQȬAMMȱuserȱinterface,ȱviaȱwebȱservices,ȱthroughȱGridScape,ȱorȱviaȱDRM. YouȱshouldȱgetȱtwoȱpingȱresponsesȱforȱeachȱAP.ȱOneȱisȱfromȱtheȱRavenXȱmodem.ȱTheȱotherȱ isȱfromȱtheȱNICȱinȱtheȱAP. ToȱinvokeȱanȱonȬdemandȱpingȱagainstȱanȱAccessȱPoint,ȱnavigateȱtoȱtheȱappropriateȱDeviceȱ DetailsȱpageȱandȱclickȱonȱtheȱOnȱDemandȱPingȱlinkȱ(locationȱvariesȱwithȱeachȱmonitorȱ application).ȱFigureȱ6ȱillustratesȱtheȱpingȱsequenceȱforȱUtilityIQ’sȱAMMȱapplication. Figure 6. Ping sequence Also,ȱUtilityIQȱAMMȱexposesȱaȱwebȱservicesȱAPIȱforȱinvokingȱonȬdemandȱpingsȱagainstȱ AccessȱPoints. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 17 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 1 About Access Points Configuration Toȱfacilitateȱtheȱconfigurationȱandȱremoveȱtheȱchanceȱforȱhumanȱerrorȱ(forȱexample,ȱtypos)ȱaȱ simpleȱshellȱscriptȱisȱgeneratedȱandȱrunȱfromȱaȱUnixȬbasedȱlaptopȱwhichȱhasȱaȱSilverȱSpringȱ FieldȱServiceȱUnitȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱUSBȱport.ȱ All Silver Spring APs are configured during the manufacturing process to ensure that the proper profile (Network ID, etc.) is included. Additionally, the software tool, net_mgr, required to configure an AP, is not a user facing tool. Note: Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 18 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government Guidelines FCC and Government Guidelines Silver Spring Networks NIC FCC ID: OWS-NIC40 IC: 5975A-NIC40 M/N: NIC40 TheȱAP/RelayȱNICȱisȱREQUIREDȱtoȱbeȱprofessionallyȱinstalledȱbyȱaȱproperlyȱtrainedȱ technician.ȱImproperȱinstallationȱcouldȱvoidȱtheȱuserȇsȱauthorityȱtoȱoperateȱtheȱequipment.ȱ TheȱdeviceȱcompliesȱwithȱPartȱ15ȱofȱtheȱFCCȱrules.ȱOperationȱisȱsubjectȱtoȱtheȱfollowingȱtwoȱ conditions:ȱ 1. Theȱdeviceȱmayȱnotȱcauseȱharmfulȱinterference.ȱ 2. Theȱdeviceȱmustȱacceptȱanyȱinterferenceȱreceived,ȱincludingȱinterferenceȱthatȱmayȱcauseȱ undesiredȱoperation. TheȱantennaȱofȱthisȱtransmitterȱmustȱnotȱbeȱcoȬlocatedȱorȱoperatingȱinȱconjunctionȱwithȱanyȱ otherȱantennaȱorȱtransmitter.ȱ Theȱdeviceȱshouldȱbeȱinstalledȱsoȱthatȱpeopleȱwillȱnotȱcomeȱwithinȱ20ȱcmȱ(8ȱin.)ȱofȱtheȱ antenna.ȱ ThisȱequipmentȱhasȱbeenȱtestedȱandȱfoundȱtoȱcomplyȱwithȱPartȱ15ȱofȱtheȱFCCȱRules.ȱThisȱ equipmentȱgenerates,ȱuses,ȱandȱcanȱradiateȱradioȱfrequencyȱenergy,ȱandȱifȱnotȱinstalledȱandȱ usedȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱtheȱinstructions,ȱmayȱcauseȱharmfulȱinterferenceȱtoȱradioȱ communications.ȱHowever,ȱthereȱisȱnoȱguaranteeȱthatȱinterferenceȱwillȱnotȱoccurȱinȱaȱ particularȱinstallation.ȱIfȱthisȱequipmentȱdoesȱcauseȱharmfulȱinterferenceȱtoȱradioȱorȱ televisionȱreceptionȱ(whichȱcanȱbeȱdeterminedȱbyȱturningȱtheȱequipmentȱoffȱandȱon),ȱtheȱuserȱ isȱencouragedȱtoȱtryȱtoȱcorrectȱtheȱinterferenceȱbyȱoneȱorȱmoreȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmeasures:ȱ • Reorientȱorȱrelocateȱtheȱreceivingȱantenna. • Increaseȱtheȱseparationȱbetweenȱtheȱequipmentȱandȱreceiver.ȱ • Connectȱtheȱequipmentȱintoȱanȱoutletȱonȱaȱcircuitȱdifferentȱfromȱthatȱtoȱwhichȱtheȱreceiverȱ disconnected.ȱ • Consultȱtheȱdealerȱorȱanȱexperiencedȱradio/TVȱtechnicianȱforȱhelp.ȱ Figure 7. Sample FCC ID label for NIC PCA Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 19 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government Guidelines CAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Silver Spring Networks could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. FCC Guidelines for Devices Containing a Transmitter Module TheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱextractȱfromȱFCCȱPARTȱ15ȱUNLICENSEDȱMODULARȱTRANSMITTERȱ APPROVAL,ȱDAȱ00Ȭ1407,ȱReleased:ȱJuneȱ26,ȱ2000,ȱSectionȱ6ȱdescribingȱlabelingȱrequirementsȱ forȱdevicesȱcontainingȱaȱmodularȱtransmitter.ȱ Sectionȱ6.ȱTheȱmodularȱtransmitterȱmustȱbeȱlabeledȱwithȱitsȱownȱFCCȱIDȱnumber,ȱand,ȱifȱ theȱFCCȱIDȱisȱnotȱvisibleȱwhenȱtheȱmoduleȱisȱinstalledȱinsideȱanotherȱdevice,ȱthenȱtheȱ outsideȱofȱtheȱdeviceȱintoȱwhichȱtheȱmoduleȱisȱinstalledȱmustȱalsoȱdisplayȱaȱlabelȱ referringȱtoȱtheȱenclosedȱmodule.ȱThisȱexteriorȱlabelȱcanȱuseȱwordingȱsuchȱasȱtheȱ following:ȱ“ContainsȱTransmitterȱModuleȱFCCȱID:ȱXYZMODEL1”ȱorȱ“ContainsȱFCCȱID:ȱ XYZMODEL1.”ȱAnyȱsimilarȱwordingȱthatȱexpressesȱtheȱsameȱmeaningȱmayȱbeȱused.ȱTheȱ Granteeȱmayȱeitherȱprovideȱsuchȱaȱlabel,ȱanȱexampleȱofȱwhichȱmustȱbeȱincludedȱinȱtheȱ applicationȱforȱequipmentȱauthorization,ȱor,ȱmustȱprovideȱadequateȱinstructionsȱalongȱ withȱtheȱmoduleȱwhichȱexplainȱthisȱrequirement.ȱ Inȱtheȱlatterȱcase,ȱaȱcopyȱofȱtheseȱinstructionsȱmustȱbeȱincludedȱinȱtheȱapplicationȱforȱ equipmentȱauthorization.ȱ Figure 8. Sample FCC ID label for devices containing a NIC Contains FCC ID: WWWXXXXX IC:YYYYY-XXXX M/N: ZZZZZ External Antenna Integration Thisȱradioȱtransmitterȱ5975AȬNIC40ȱhasȱbeenȱapprovedȱbyȱIndustryȱCanadaȱtoȱoperateȱwithȱ theȱantennaȱtypesȱlistedȱbelowȱwithȱtheȱmaximumȱpermissibleȱgainȱandȱrequiredȱantennaȱ impedanceȱforȱeachȱantennaȱtypeȱindicated.ȱAntennaȱtypesȱnotȱincludedȱinȱthisȱlist,ȱhavingȱaȱ gainȱgreaterȱthanȱtheȱmaximumȱgainȱindicatedȱforȱthatȱtype,ȱareȱstrictlyȱprohibitedȱforȱuseȱ withȱthisȱdevice.ȱ • Antenneȱomnidirectionnelle,ȱ3.0dBiȱsurȱ900ȱMHzȱetȱ2,4ȱGHzȱsurȱ3.6dBi Leȱprésentȱémetteurȱradioȱ(identifierȱleȱdispositifȱparȱsonȱnuméroȱdeȱcertificationȱouȱsonȱ numéroȱdeȱmodèleȱsȇilȱfaitȱpartieȱduȱmatérielȱdeȱcatégorieȱI)ȱaȱétéȱapprouvéȱparȱIndustrieȱ CanadaȱpourȱfonctionnerȱavecȱlesȱtypesȱdȇantenneȱénumérésȱciȬdessousȱetȱayantȱunȱgainȱ admissibleȱmaximalȱetȱlȇimpédanceȱrequiseȱpourȱchaqueȱtypeȱdȇantenne.ȱLesȱtypesȱdȇantenneȱ nonȱinclusȱdansȱcetteȱliste,ȱouȱdontȱleȱgainȱestȱsupérieurȱauȱgainȱmaximalȱindiqué,ȱsontȱ strictementȱinterditsȱpourȱlȇexploitationȱdeȱlȇémeĴeur. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 20 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government Guidelines Safety Information WARNING: Severe shock and explosion hazard! Touching energized parts can result in massive equipment damage, and severe injury or death. Short-circuiting energized parts will result in blinding flash and explosion. Opening and closing electrical circuits can also produce dangerous and explosive arc flashes. Involuntary muscular reactions associated with electrical shock may result in other injuries. Observe the following safety guidelines. Carefulȱplanningȱofȱeveryȱjobȱisȱessential.ȱNothingȱshouldȱbeȱtakenȱforȱgranted.ȱDoȱnotȱtakeȱ chances! • Readȱandȱfollowȱallȱapprovedȱpoliciesȱandȱproceduresȱprovidedȱbyȱyourȱemployerȱ associatedȱwithȱtheȱproceduresȱinȱthisȱmanual.ȱ • Theȱproceduresȱinȱthisȱmanualȱmustȱonlyȱbeȱperformedȱbyȱqualifiedȱworkersȱinȱ accordanceȱwithȱlocalȱutilityȱsafetyȱpractices,ȱutilityȱrequirements,ȱandȱapplicableȱOSHAȱ andȱNFPAȱstandards.ȱ • Theȱinformationȱcontainedȱinȱthisȱdocumentȱisȱintendedȱtoȱaidȱqualifiedȱpersonnel,ȱandȱisȱ notȱaȱreplacementȱforȱtheȱproperȱtrainingȱrequiredȱtoȱmakeȱaȱpersonȱqualified.ȱ • SilverȱSpringȱNetworksȱassumesȱnoȱliabilityȱforȱtheȱcustomerȇsȱfailureȱtoȱfollowȱtheseȱ safetyȱguidelines.ȱ General Electrical Safety • Performȱtheȱproceduresȱinȱthisȱmanualȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱapplicableȱworkplaceȱ standardsȱestablishedȱbyȱtheȱfollowingȱagencies:ȱ — OccupationalȱSafetyȱandȱHealthȱActȱ(OSHA).ȱ — TheȱNationalȱElectricalȱCodeȱpublishedȱbyȱtheȱNationalȱFireȱProtectionȱAssociationȱ (NFPAȬ70).ȱ — NationalȱElectricalȱManufacturersȱAssociationȱ(NEMA).ȱ — ElectronicsȱIndustriesȱAssociationȱ(EIA).ȱ — InsulatedȱPowerȱCableȱEngineersȱAssociationȱ(IPCEA).ȱ • AmericanȱNationalȱStandardsȱInstituteȱ(ANSI).ȱWheneverȱpossible,ȱdeȬenergizeȱallȱ circuitsȱorȱequipmentȱbeforeȱworkingȱonȱthem.ȱ • Maintainȱaȱminimumȱclearanceȱofȱ10ȱfeetȱ(3ȱmeters)ȱbetweenȱlineȱpotentialȱandȱallȱ unqualifiedȱpersonsȱatȱallȱtimes.ȱ • Keepȱunauthorizedȱpeopleȱoutȱofȱtheȱworkȱarea.ȱBeȱespeciallyȱcautiousȱofȱchildren,ȱwhoȱ tendȱtoȱbeȱdrawnȱtoȱworkȱactivity.ȱ • DeterminingȱifȱaȱcircuitȱisȱOFFȱcanȱbeȱdifficultȱinȱsomeȱinstances.ȱCheckȱforȱcircuitȱvoltageȱ withȱanȱappropriateȱvoltmeterȱbeforeȱworkingȱonȱequipmentȱpresumedȱtoȱhaveȱbeenȱ deȬenergized.ȱTiebreakers,ȱdoubleȱthrowȱdisconnectȱswitches,ȱautomaticȱtransferȱ switchesȱandȱemergencyȱgeneratorsȱcanȱsupplyȱpowerȱthroughȱanȱalternateȱcircuitȱorȱ fromȱanotherȱsource.ȱ Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 21 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government Guidelines • 120Vȱcurrentȱcanȱbeȱjustȱaȱlethalȱasȱhigherȱvoltagesȱbecauseȱcurrentȱflowȱthroughȱaȱbodyȱ dependsȱuponȱtheȱbodyȇsȱresistance.ȱ • Doȱnotȱtrustȱinsulationȱand/orȱweatherproofingȱonȱaȱwireȱasȱprotectionȱfromȱshock.ȱ • Useȱelectricallyȱinsulatedȱtools.ȱInspectȱportableȱelectricalȱequipmentȱorȱtoolsȱforȱdefectsȱ andȱremoveȱanyȱdefectiveȱdevicesȱfromȱserviceȱimmediately.ȱAllȱportableȱelectricalȱ equipmentȱmustȱhaveȱGroundȱFaultȱCircuitȱInterrupterȱ(GFCI)ȱprotection.ȱ • Selectȱtheȱrightȱtoolȱforȱtheȱjob.ȱUseȱtoolsȱproperly.ȱKeepȱtoolsȱinȱgoodȱworkingȱorder.ȱ • Makeȱsureȱtheȱworkȱareaȱisȱfreeȱofȱanyȱflammableȱmaterial.ȱFlammableȱvaporsȱcanȱbeȱ ignitedȱbyȱanȱarcȱflash.ȱ • Keepȱtheȱworkȱareaȱcleanȱandȱdry.ȱClutteredȱworkȱareasȱcauseȱaccidentsȱandȱinjuries.ȱ • Provideȱgoodȱlightingȱinȱtheȱworkȱarea.ȱYouȱcannotȱworkȱsafelyȱifȱyouȱcannotȱseeȱwhatȱ youȱareȱdoing. • Reportȱunsafeȱconditionsȱorȱdefectiveȱequipmentȱtoȱyourȱimmediateȱsupervisor.ȱ • Handleȱmaterialȱcarefully.ȱLiftȱandȱcarryȱproperly.ȱ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • AlwaysȱwearȱPersonalȱProtectiveȱEquipmentȱ(PPE),ȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱOSHAȱandȱANSIȱ standards.ȱ • Wearȱeyeȱprotectionȱandȱelectricallyȱinsulatedȱgloves.ȱTestȱglovesȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱ ANSIȱstandardsȱbeforeȱuse.ȱDoȱnotȱuseȱglovesȱthatȱdoȱnotȱpassȱappropriateȱtestȱ procedures.ȱ • Wearȱprotectiveȱclothingȱsuchȱasȱlongȱsleeveȱshirtsȱandȱlongȱpantsȱmadeȱofȱflameȱresistantȱ materials.ȱ • Removeȱallȱjewelry.ȱ • Doȱnotȱpassȱanyȱobjectsȱtoȱorȱfromȱotherȱpersonsȱnotȱprotectedȱbyȱinsulatingȱplatformsȱorȱ tested,ȱelectricallyȱinsulatedȱgloves.ȱ Fall Protection Whenȱperformingȱworkȱatȱanyȱelevation:ȱ • Alwaysȱuseȱaȱfallȱprotectionȱsystem,ȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱOSHAȱstandards,ȱwheneverȱ performingȱworkȱatȱanyȱelevation.ȱ • Neverȱuseȱconductors,ȱguyȱwires,ȱpins,ȱorȱcrossȬarmȱbraces,ȱetc.ȱtoȱsupportȱyourȱweight.ȱ • Wheneverȱusingȱaerialȱliftȱdevicesȱsuchȱasȱhoists,ȱmanȬlifts,ȱvehicleȬmountedȱworkȱ platformsȱandȱoverheadȱlifts,ȱreadȱandȱfollowȱtheȱmanufacturerȇsȱguidelinesȱforȱsafeȱandȱ properȱoperation.ȱ • Useȱladdersȱandȱscaěoldingȱonlyȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱtheȱmanufacturerȇsȱguidelinesȱ and/orȱaccordingȱtoȱOSHAȱstandards. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 22 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points 2 FCC and Government Guidelines • OnlyȱuseȱladdersȱmadeȱofȱnonȬmetallic,ȱnonȬconductiveȱmaterial.ȱTheyȱshouldȱbeȱtheȱ properȱsizeȱandȱtypeȱforȱtheȱworkȱintended.ȱInspectȱladdersȱforȱwearȱandȱbreakage.ȱ Removeȱanyȱoil,ȱgrease,ȱorȱotherȱslipperyȱmaterials.ȱ • Doȱnotȱsetȱtheȱladderȱatȱtooȱsteepȱorȱtooȱshallowȱofȱanȱangle.ȱAȱruleȱofȱthumbȱisȱtoȱstandȱ erectȱwithȱyourȱtoesȱagainstȱtheȱbottomȱrailsȱofȱtheȱladder,ȱwithȱyourȱarmsȱextendedȱ straightȱout.ȱIfȱyouȱcanȱsetȱyourȱpalmsȱonȱtopȱofȱtheȱrungȱthatȱisȱatȱeyeȱlevel,ȱtheȱladderȱ shouldȱbeȱatȱtheȱproperȱangle.ȱIfȱaȱladderȱangleȱlabelȱisȱprovided,ȱfollowȱitsȱ recommendations.ȱ • Ifȱtheȱladderȱisȱtoȱremainȱinȱplaceȱforȱanȱextendedȱperiod,ȱsecureȱitȱatȱtheȱtop.ȱTheȱsupportȱ pointȱatȱtheȱtopȱofȱtheȱladderȱshouldȱbeȱatȱleastȱ24ȱinchesȱ(60ȱcentimeters)ȱwideȱtoȱ maintainȱsupportȱinȱtheȱeventȱofȱsidewaysȱmovement.ȱForȱjobsȱofȱshortȱduration,ȱhaveȱaȱ fellowȱworkerȱsupportȱtheȱladderȱatȱtheȱbase.ȱ • Evaluateȱallȱtasksȱtoȱbeȱperformedȱfromȱaȱladderȱforȱpotentialȱfallȱhazards,ȱsuchȱasȱ complexȱtasksȱorȱsituationsȱthatȱrequireȱleaningȱfromȱtheȱsideȱofȱtheȱladder.ȱ • Theȱuseȱofȱscaffoldingȱorȱaȱworkȱplatformȱshouldȱbeȱconsideredȱasȱanȱalternativeȱsolutionȱ inȱsuchȱcases.ȱ Shock Accident First Aid • Doȱnotȱtouchȱtheȱvictimȱwithȱyourȱbareȱhands;ȱuseȱsomethingȱnonȬconductiveȱtoȱseparateȱ theȱvictimȱfromȱtheȱenergyȱsource.ȱ • Callȱforȱemergencyȱmedicalȱhelpȱimmediately.ȱKeepȱtheȱvictimȱlyingȱdown,ȱwarm,ȱandȱ comfortableȱuntilȱhelpȱarrives.ȱAvoidȱmovingȱtheȱvictimȱinȱcaseȱofȱinjuryȱtoȱneckȱorȱback.ȱ Positionȱanȱunconsciousȱvictimȱonȱaȱsideȱtoȱletȱfluidsȱdrain.ȱ • Checkȱtheȱvictimȇsȱbreathingȱandȱheartbeat.ȱIfȱproperlyȱtrained,ȱapplyȱmouthȬtoȬmouthȱ resuscitationȱand/orȱCPRȱifȱnecessary.ȱ • Removeȱconstrictingȱitemsȱfromȱtheȱvictim,ȱsuchȱasȱshoes,ȱbelts,ȱjewelry,ȱandȱtightȱcollars;ȱ theyȱcouldȱcutȱoffȱcirculationȱifȱtheȱvictimȱexperiencesȱswelling.ȱ • Applyȱwaterȱorȱsalineȱforȱaȱfewȱminutesȱtoȱanyȱburnsȱuntilȱtheȱskinȱreturnsȱtoȱnormalȱ temperature.ȱDoȱnotȱattemptȱtoȱremoveȱclothingȱthatȱisȱstuckȱtoȱaȱburn.ȱIfȱpossible,ȱelevateȱ burnedȱareasȱtoȱreduceȱswelling.ȱ • Makeȱsureȱtheȱvictimȱreceivesȱprofessionalȱmedicalȱattention,ȱevenȱifȱtheyȱfeelȱfine.ȱ Electricȱshockȱcanȱcauseȱheartȱfailureȱhoursȱafterȱtheȱshockȱisȱreceived. Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 23 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Index Index Directive 1999/5/EC 11 Access Point 5 Distribution Substation Backhaul 13 Access Point 1.5i 10 DNS (Domain Name System) 17 address management 17 addressing 9 EC 60950-1 7 addressing scheme 8 Electrical Fast Transients 7 ANACOM 10 electromagnetic susceptibility standard 7 ANSI C37.90.2 7 electrostatic discharge standard 7 ANSI C12.2 7 EMC standards 11 ANSI C12.20 7 EN 300 220-1 v2.3.1 (2010-02) 11 300 220-2 v2.3.1 (2009-12) 11 55022 (2010) 11 55024(2010) 11 60950-22 2006 11 61000-3-2 (2006) 11 61000-3-3 (2008) 11 62311(2008) 11 AP Access Point 5 administration 17 cellular 5 configuration 18 Ethernet 5 hardware specifications 9 pinging 17 rebooting 7 recycling 7 types 5 encryption 9 Ethernet AP 5 ETSI EN 11 EU R&TTE Directive 10 backhaul 8 battery backup 5, 6 FCC (Federal Communications Commission) 10 BS-EN 62311 11 FHSS (Frequency Hopping, Spread Spectrum) 5 fiber 12 flapping 16 CE Mark 11 float 6 cellular AP 5 float life 7 collector 4 concentrator 4 Conducted Immunity 7 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 12 GridScape 6 data packet size 13 DDNS (Dynamic DNS) 17 hardware specifications 9 Declaration of Conformity 11 humidity 10 Demand 4 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 humidity standard 7 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 24 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Index IBP (Infrastructure Battery Pack) 6 Ofcom 10 IEC 801.2 7 operating shock standard 7 IEC 60068-2-1 7 Operating Temperature standard 7 IEC 60068-2-2 7 operating vibration standard 7 operating temperature 10 IEC 60068-2-27 7 IEC 60068-2-6 7 IEC 60068-2-8 7 Part 15.247 10 IEC 60950-22 7 power connector 6 IEC 61000-4-11 7 power requirements 7 IEC 61000-4-2 7 IEC 61000-4-3 7 R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC 11 IEC 61000-4-4 7 radio standards 11 IEC 61000-4-5 7 RavenX modem 17 IEC 61000-4-6 7 receive sensitivity 10 IEC 61000-4-8 7 redundant WAN 12 Industry Canada 10 RF devices 8 Infrastructure 6 RSS-210 10 Institut Luxembourgeois de Regulation 10 intelligent endpoints 4 IP (Internet Protocol) 8 Safety Standard for Information Technology Equipment 7 IPv4 address 8 safety standards 11 Satellite radios 13 Magnetic Immunity 7 security 9 maintenance 12 Sierra Wireless AirLink PinPoint X 8 microwave 12 mounting options 12 standards compliance ANSI C37.90.2 7 IEC 801.2 7 NEBS3 7 multicast 16 surge protection 12 Mobile data antenna 6 modem 8 mounting 4 surge withstand capability standard 7 NAN antenna 6 Neighborhood Area Network 4 take-out point 4 TELNET port 17 NEBS 3 7 Telus 12 NIC 16 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 tunnel 8 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 25 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Index unicast 16 WAN failures 16 options 12 Wide Area Network 5 UtilityIQ 6 Wi-Fi 12 Voltage Dips & Interrupts 7 WiMAX 12, 13 voltage range 10 Understanding Silver Spring Networks Access Points Rev 2 2 January 2013 Silver Spring Networks 26
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