Laird Connectivity 2510100P FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSCEIVER User Manual
AeroComm Corporation FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSCEIVER Users Manual
Users Manual
LT2510P Family Preliminary Manual
LT2510P Regulatory Information
Agency Identification Numbers
Family US/FCC CANADA/IC
LT2510P KQL-2510100P 2268C-2510100P
LT2510P FAMILY
Part # Description Packaging
PRM110 125mW (+21 dBm), SMD with U.FL
connector
SMD-U.FL
PRM111 125mW (+21 dBm), SMD with Chip
antenna
SMD-ANT
PRM112 50mW (+17 dBm), SMD with U.FL
connector
SMD-U.FL
PRM113 50mW (+17 dBm), SMD with Chip
antenna
SMD-ANT
PRM120 125mW (+21 dBm), Pluggable with
U.FL connector
PLG-U.FL
PRM121 125mW (+21 dBm), Pluggable with Chip
antenna
PLG-ANT
PRM122 50mW (+17 dBm), Pluggable with U.FL
connector
PLG-U.FL
PRM123 50mW (+17 dBm), Pluggable with Chip
antenna
PLG-ANT
Approved Antenna List
LT2510P family has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below and having a maximum
gain of 9dbi. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
Item Part Number Mfg. Type Gain (dBi)
1 WIC2450-A Laird Technologies Chip 2
2 NZH2400-MMCX Laird Technologies Microstrip 1
3 ID2450-RS362Laird Technologies Panel 9
3 IG2450-RS362Laird Technologies Omni 6
4 S151FC-L-(132)PX-2450S Nearson Dipole 5
• The OEM is free to choose another vendor’s antenna of like type and equal or lesser gain as
an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance.
FCC/ IC REQUIREMENTS FOR MODULAR APPROVAL
In general, there are two agency classifications of wireless applications; portable and mobile.
Portable – Portable is a classification of equipment where the user, in general, will be within 20 cm of
the transmitting antenna. Portable equipment is further broken down into two classes; within 2.5 cm of
human contact and beyond 2.5 cm. The LT2510P family is not agency approved for portable
applications. The OEM is required to have additional testing performed to receive this classification.
Contact Laird Technology for more details.
Mobile – Mobile defines equipment where the user will be 20 cm or greater from the transmitting
equipment. The antenna must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be moved closer to the user
with respect to the equipment, although the equipment may be moved.
This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at
distances greater than 20 cm from the human body. Operation at distances of less than 20 cm would
require additional RF exposure evaluation, including SAR requirement according to FCC RF Exposure
guideline.
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does not cause harmful interference to radio
or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user in
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver
• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit that is different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
OEM EQUIPMENT LABELING REQUIREMENTS
WARNING: The OEM must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible
label on the outside of the OEM enclosure specifying the appropriate Laird Technology FCC identifier for
this product as well as the FCC notice below. The FCC identifiers are listed above.
Contains FCC ID:KQL-2510100P
This enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules, Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation
Label and text information should be in a size of type large enough to be readily legible, consistent with
the dimensions of the equipment and the label. However, the type size for the text is not required to be
larger than eight point.
ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and gain should be chosen so
that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful
communication.
WARNING: This device has been tested with an U.FL connector and the above listed antennas. When
integrated into the OEM’s product, these fixed antennas require professional installation preventing
end-users from replacing them with non-approved antennas. Any antenna not listed in the above table
must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15.203 for unique antenna connectors and Section 15.247
for emissions. Contact Laird Technology for assistance.
Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Laird Technology could void the
user’s authority to operate the equipment.
WARNINGS REQUIRED IN OEM MANUALS
WARNING: This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should
be used at distances greater than 20cm from the human body. Operation at distances of less than
20cm is prohibited and requires additional SAR evaluation .
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LT2510
Wireless Module
KEY FEATURES
• Retries and acknowledgements
• Congurable network parameters
• Multiple generic I/O
• 280 kbps or 500kbps RF data stream
• Idle current draw of 12mA, sleep current
of 50uA
• Software selectable interface baud rates
from 1200 bps to 460.8 kbps
• Upgradable FW through serial port
The LT2510 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Transceiver Module from Laird Technologies is the latest in robust
and easy to use radio modules. Supporting both high data rates and long ranges, the LT2510 is a great t for any
number of machine to-machine applications. The LT2510 features an easy to use serial UART with hardware ow
control for fast integration into an existing serial infrastructure.
• Low cost, low power and small size ideal
for high volume, portable and battery
powered applications
• All modules are qualied for Industrial
temperatures (-40°C to 85°C)
• Advanced conguration available using
AT commands
• Easy to use Conguration & Test Utility
software
OVERVIEW
The LT2510 is available in two main versions, one with 100mW conducted output power and approved for North
American and similar markets and one with 50mW conducted output power and approved for European and similar
markets. These modules are identical except for output power, max power consumption, and the number of RF
Channels available. This document will call out the differences where appropriate based on the part numbers.
This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between a Laird Technologies
LT2510 transceiver and an OEM Host. Information includes the theory of operation, specications, interface
denitions, conguration information and mechanical drawings.
Note: Unless mentioned specically by name, the LT2510 modules will be referred to as “radio” or “transceiver”.
Individual naming is used to differentiate product specic features. The host (PC/Microcontroller/Any device to which
the LT2510 module is connected) will be referred to as “OEM Host” or “Host.”
OVERVIEW AND
KEY FEATURES
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LT2510
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TABLE 1: LT2510 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL FCC: PRM110/111/120/121 CE: PRM112/113/122/123
Form Factor SMD-ANT, SMD-U.FL, Pluggable-ANT, Pluggable-U.FL
Antenna Integrated chip antenna or external antenna through U.FL connector
Serial Interface Data Rate Baud rates from 1200 bps to 230,400 bps.
Non-standard baud rates are also supported.
Channels 42 or 78 selectable channels 42 selectable channels
Security Channelization and System ID
Minimum Flash (EEPROM) Memory Endurance 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
TRANSCEIVER
Frequency Band 2400 - 2483.5 MHz
RF Data Rate (Raw) 280 kbps or 500kbps selectable
Hop Bin Spacing 900kHz at 280kbps RF Data Rate
1500kHz at 500kbps RF Data Rate
RF Technology Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
Modulation MSK
Output Power Conducted +11 to +20dBm selectable +8 to +17dBm selectable
Supply Voltage 3.3 - 3.6V ± 50mV ripple
Current Draw 100% TX 190mA 85mA
1/8 TX (when selected) 40mA 40mA
100% RX 40mA 40mA
RX average (idle current) 12mA 12mA
Deep sleep 50uA 50uA
Receiver Sensitivity (1% PER) -98 dBm at 280kbps RF Data Rate
-94 dBm at 500kbps RF Data Rate
Range
(based on external
2.5dBi antenna at
280kbps RF Data Rate)
Outdoor (line-of-sight) 2.5miles (4km) 1.5miles (2.4km)
Indoor (estimated) 1300ft (400m) 790ft (240m)
ENVIRONMENTAL
Operating Temperature Range -40°C to 85°C
Storage Temperature Range -50°C to 85°C
PHYSICAL
Dimensions SMD-ANT 1.0” x 1.54” x 0.14” (25.4mm x 39mm x 3.6mm)
Dimensions SMD-U.FL 1.0” x 1.28” x 0.14” (25.4mm x 33mm x 3.6mm)
Dimensions Pluggable-ANT 0.96” x 1.42” x 0.406” (24.3mm x 36mm x 10.3mm)
Dimensions Pluggable-U.FL 0.96” x 1.185” x 0.406” (24.3mm x 30.1mm x 10.3mm)
CERTIFICATE
FCC Part 15.247 KQL-2510100 KQL-2510100
Industry Canada (IC) 2268C-2510100 2268C-2510100
CE N/A EN 300 328-2 V1.71,EN 301 489
ROHS Yes Yes
SPECIFICATIONS
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LT2510
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TABLE 2: PIN DEFINITIONS FOR THE LT2510 TRANSCEIVER
SMT PIN PLUGGABLE
PIN
TYPE SIGNAL NAME FUNCTIONS
17OGO_0/
Hop_Frame
Generic Output/Hop_Frame
26O GO_1 Generic Output
3 8 DNC Do not connect.
4 17 Reserved Reserved for future use
519 O PWM_Output PWM Output
6 3 I RXD Asynchronous serial data input to transceiver
72 O TXD Asynchronous serial data output from transceiver
810 GND GND Signal Ground
9 1 PWR Vcc 3.3 - 3.6 V ±50mV ripple (must be connected)
10 - PWR Vpa 3.3 – 3.6 V +/-50mV ripple (must be connected)
11 - GND GND Signal Ground
12 9 I Test Test Mode – When pulled logic Low and then applying power or resetting,
the transceiver’s serial interface is forced to a 9600, 8-N-1 rate. To exit Test
Mode, the transceiver must be reset or power-cycled with Test Mode pulled
logic High or left oating/disconnected.
Note: Because this mode disables some modes of operation, it should not be
permanently pulled Low during normal operation.
13 14 I DI0 Digital Input 0
14 5 I UP_Reset RESET – Controlled by the LT2510 for power-on reset if left
unconnected. After a stable power-on reset, a logic Low pulse will reset the
transceiver.
15 11 I CMD/Data When logic Low, the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as command
data. When logic High, the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as trans-
mit data.
16 15 O In Range When logic low, the client is in range and synchronized with a server. This
will always be low on a Server.
17 16 I RTS Request to Send. Floats high if left unconnected, when enabled the
module
will not transmit data out the Serial UART unless the pin is low
18 12 O CTS Clear to Send - Active Low when the transceiver is ready to accept data for
transmission.
19 14 I DI1 Digital Input 1
20 13 Reserved Reserved for future use. Do not connect.
21 4Reserved Reserved for future use. Do not connect.
22 20 I AD_In Analog to Digital Input
SPECIFICATIONS
ENGINEER’S TIP
• All I/O is 3.3V TTL.
• All inputs are weakly pulled High via a 20kOhm pull-up resistor and may be left oating during normal operation
• Minimum Connections: VCC, VPA, GND, TXD, & RXD
• Signal direction is with respect to the transceiver
• Unused pins should be left disconnected
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LT2510
Wireless Module
TABLE 3: INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
SIGNAL NAME MIN HIGH HIGH MAX LOW MIN LOW MAX
RXD 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v
Test 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v
UP_Reset 0.8v 3.3v 0v 0.6v
CMD/Data 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v
RTS 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v
AD_In N/Av 3.3v 0v N/A
DI0 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v
DI1 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v
TABLE 4: OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
SIGNAL NAME MIN HIGH HIGH MAX LOW MIN LOW MAX SINK CURRENT
GO_0 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 20mA
GO_1 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 20mA
PWM_Output N/A 3.3v 0v N/A 4mA
TXD 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 4mA
In_Range 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 4mA
CTS 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 4mA
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1 includes a functional Block Diagram of the transceiver module.
SPECIFICATIONS
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SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 5: TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER SERVER/CLIENT MIN TYP MAX NOTES
Power on to CTS Low 5ms 10ms N/A
EEPROM Read 800us 1ms 2ms Measured from last byte of
command to rst byte of response:
870us for 1 byte
1.1ms for 80bytes
1.4ms for 256bytes
EEPROM Write 20ms 30ms 40ms Measured. EEPROM writes cause the
radio to go out of range for up to 3
seconds
Power on to In Range Client only,
server will go
in range in less
than 13ms
13ms 600ms 1700ms* *Maximum time assuming all
beacons are heard, RF interference
could extend the maximum time
indenitely
Hop Period In Range 13.19ms
Hop Period Out of Range Client only 38.4ms
Reset Pulse 250ns
Beacon
Data Slot 1
(Max 239 Bytes)
Reserved
Data Slot 2
(Max 239 Bytes)
1.19ms 4.89ms 4.89ms 2.22ms
Beacon
Data Slot 1
(Max 90 Bytes)
Reserved
Data Slot 2
(Max 90 Bytes)
RF Data Rate = 500kbps
RF Data Rate = 280kbps
13.19ms
1.19ms 4.89ms 4.89ms 2.22ms
HOP FRAME
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HARDWARE
INTERFACE
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
RXD and TXD
The LT2510 accepts 3.3 VDC TTL level asynchronous serial data from the OEM Host via the RXD pin. Data is sent
from the transceiver, at 3.3V levels, to the OEM Host via the TXD pin.
Test
Test Mode - When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting, the transceiver’s serial interface is forced to
9600, 8-N-1 (8 data bits, No parity, 1 stop bit): regardless of actual EEPROM setting. The interface timeout is also set
to 3 ms and the RF packet size is set to the default size for the selected RF Data Rate. To exit, the transceiver must be
reset or power-cycled with Test pin logic High or disconnected.
Note: Because this pin disables some modes of operation, it should not be permanently pulled Low during
normal operation.
UP_RESET
UP_Reset provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the LT2510 microprocessor and is used to force a hard
reset. For a valid reset, reset must be asserted Low for an absolute minimum of 250 ns.
Command/Data
When logic High, the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as transmit data to be sent to other transceivers.
When logic Low, the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as command data. When logic Low, data packets
from the radio will not be transmitted over the RF interface however incoming packets from other radios will still be
received. RX Data Received can be disabled by enabling CMD/Data RX Disable in the EEPROM.
In_Range
The In Range pin will be driven low when a client radio is synchronized with a server. In Range will always be driven
low on a server. In Range will transition low in approximately 12ms on a Server. For a Client the In Range will take
an average of 500ms, this time is dependant on the server timing and the signal strength of the received beacon. It
can vary from 150ms to over 1500ms.
Hop_Frame
Disabled by default and controlled by the Control 1, Bit-6 EEPROM Setting. When enabled this pin will transition
logic Low at the start of a hop and transition logic High at the completion of a hop. The OEM Host is not required to
monitor Hop Frame.
RTS Handshaking
With RTS mode disabled, the transceiver will send any received data to the OEM Host as soon as it is received.
However, some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time. With RTS enabled, the
OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de-asserting RTS (High). Once RTS is re-asserted (Low),
the transceiver will send packets to the OEM Host as they are received.
Note: Leaving RTS de-asserted for too long can cause data loss once the transceiver’s receive buffer reaches capacity.
CTS Handshaking
If the transceiver buffer lls up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied, data loss will occur.
The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer lls up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is
emptied. CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data ow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High.
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LT2510
Wireless Module
THEORY OF
OPERATION
SERVER/CLIENT ARCHITECTURE
The LT2510 utilizes a server-client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping. Each network must
have one radio congured as a Server and all other radios congured as Clients. When a radio is congured as a
Server, it will transmit a beacon at the beginning of each hop. Radios congured as Clients will default to a receive
mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a Server in their network. When
a Client detects the Server’s beacon, the client will synchronize to it and transition the InRange pin low. When the
Server and the Client are synchronized they can begin transferring data.
Each network consists of one, and only one, Server. Multiple networks can exist in the same area, provided the
networks are congured on different Channels. The LT2510 utilizes an intelligent Frequency Hopping algorithm
which ensures minimal interference between two networks. There is no need to synchronize the communications
between the networks. The possible interference between two networks is given by the equation.
Maximum number of interfering bins = #of collocated Servers -1
The LT2510 radio can be congured to hop over 43 or 79 bins, so with two Servers present they will interfere with
each other once every 43 or 79 hops. With 10 collocated Servers, they will interfere a maximum of 9 out of 43 or 79
hops (presuming they are also transmitting data during each hop).
ADJUSTABLE RF DATA RATE
The LT2510’s RF data rate can be adjusted to provide a trade-off between throughput and range.
PRODUCT MODEL RF DATA RATE NUMBER OF HOPS RECEIVER SENSITIVITY THROUGHPUT1
PRM110, 111, 121, 122 280kpbs 79 -98dBm 120kpbs
PRM110, 111, 112, 113,
121, 122, 123, 124
500kpbs 43 -94dBm 250kpbs
PRM110, 111, 112, 113,
121, 122, 123, 124
280kpbs 43 -98dBm 120kpbs
TABLE 6: RF DATA RATE
1 Throughput is ideal, one direction, with no retransmissions. All practical RF applications should include the need to retransmit data due to
interference or less than ideal RF conditions.
2 CE versions (50 mW) allow the 43 hop set ONLY.
Deciding which RF Data Rate to choose depends on the individual application. The fast RF Data Rate will deliver much
faster throughput, but will have much less range. In addition, because the lower data rate solution uses more hops,
it is better situated for collocated networks. In version 1.XX and above the RF Data rate is set by the appropriate RF
Prole, EEPROM Address 0xXX.
A rule of thumb for RF systems is every 6dB of gain doubles the effective distance. The 4dB gain on the Receive
Sensitivity for the lower data rate solution means it will be able to transmit almost 60% farther than the higher data
rate solution.