Laird Connectivity 2510100P FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSCEIVER User Manual
AeroComm Corporation FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSCEIVER Users Manual
Users Manual
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| Document ID | 1203582 |
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| Document Description | Users Manual |
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| Document Type | User Manual |
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| Date Submitted | 2009-11-23 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2010-01-07 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2009-10-23 10:38:31 |
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| Document Lastmod | 2009-11-19 10:44:25 |
| Document Title | Users Manual |
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LT2510P Family Preliminary Manual LT2510P Regulatory Information Agency Identification Numbers Family LT2510P US/FCC KQL-2510100P CANADA/IC 2268C-2510100P LT2510P FAMILY Part # PRM110 PRM111 PRM112 PRM113 PRM120 PRM121 PRM122 PRM123 Description Packaging 125mW (+21 dBm), SMD with U.FL connector 125mW (+21 dBm), SMD with Chip antenna 50mW (+17 dBm), SMD with U.FL connector 50mW (+17 dBm), SMD with Chip antenna 125mW (+21 dBm), Pluggable with U.FL connector 125mW (+21 dBm), Pluggable with Chip antenna 50mW (+17 dBm), Pluggable with U.FL connector 50mW (+17 dBm), Pluggable with Chip antenna SMD-U.FL SMD-ANT SMD-U.FL SMD-ANT PLG-U.FL PLG-ANT PLG-U.FL PLG-ANT Approved Antenna List LT2510P family has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below and having a maximum gain of 9dbi. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. Item Part Number Mfg. Type Gain (dBi) WIC2450-A Laird Technologies Chip NZH2400-MMCX ID2450-RS36 Laird Technologies Microstrip Laird Technologies Panel IG2450-RS36 Laird Technologies Omni S151FC-L-(132)PX-2450S Nearson Dipole • The OEM is free to choose another vendor’s antenna of like type and equal or lesser gain as an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance. FCC/ IC REQUIREMENTS FOR MODULAR APPROVAL In general, there are two agency classifications of wireless applications; portable and mobile. Portable – Portable is a classification of equipment where the user, in general, will be within 20 cm of the transmitting antenna. Portable equipment is further broken down into two classes; within 2.5 cm of human contact and beyond 2.5 cm. The LT2510P family is not agency approved for portable applications. The OEM is required to have additional testing performed to receive this classification. Contact Laird Technology for more details. Mobile – Mobile defines equipment where the user will be 20 cm or greater from the transmitting equipment. The antenna must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be moved closer to the user with respect to the equipment, although the equipment may be moved. This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at distances greater than 20 cm from the human body. Operation at distances of less than 20 cm would require additional RF exposure evaluation, including SAR requirement according to FCC RF Exposure guideline. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does not cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user in encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • • • • Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit that is different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. OEM EQUIPMENT LABELING REQUIREMENTS WARNING: The OEM must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the OEM enclosure specifying the appropriate Laird Technology FCC identifier for this product as well as the FCC notice below. The FCC identifiers are listed above. Contains FCC ID:KQL-2510100P This enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules, Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation Label and text information should be in a size of type large enough to be readily legible, consistent with the dimensions of the equipment and the label. However, the type size for the text is not required to be larger than eight point. ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and gain should be chosen so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful communication. WARNING: This device has been tested with an U.FL connector and the above listed antennas. When integrated into the OEM’s product, these fixed antennas require professional installation preventing end-users from replacing them with non-approved antennas. Any antenna not listed in the above table must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15.203 for unique antenna connectors and Section 15.247 for emissions. Contact Laird Technology for assistance. Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Laird Technology could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. WARNINGS REQUIRED IN OEM MANUALS WARNING: This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at distances greater than 20cm from the human body. Operation at distances of less than 20cm is prohibited and requires additional SAR evaluation . LT2510 Wireless Module OVERVIEW AND KEY FEATURES The LT2510 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Transceiver Module from Laird Technologies is the latest in robust and easy to use radio modules. Supporting both high data rates and long ranges, the LT2510 is a great fit for any number of machine to-machine applications. The LT2510 features an easy to use serial UART with hardware flow control for fast integration into an existing serial infrastructure. KEY FEATURES • • • • • Retries and acknowledgements Configurable network parameters Multiple generic I/O 280 kbps or 500kbps RF data stream Idle current draw of 12mA, sleep current of 50uA • Software selectable interface baud rates from 1200 bps to 460.8 kbps • Upgradable FW through serial port • Low cost, low power and small size ideal for high volume, portable and battery powered applications • All modules are qualified for Industrial temperatures (-40°C to 85°C) • Advanced configuration available using AT commands • Easy to use Configuration & Test Utility software OVERVIEW The LT2510 is available in two main versions, one with 100mW conducted output power and approved for North American and similar markets and one with 50mW conducted output power and approved for European and similar markets. These modules are identical except for output power, max power consumption, and the number of RF Channels available. This document will call out the differences where appropriate based on the part numbers. This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between a Laird Technologies LT2510 transceiver and an OEM Host. Information includes the theory of operation, specifications, interface definitions, configuration information and mechanical drawings. Note: Unless mentioned specifically by name, the LT2510 modules will be referred to as “radio” or “transceiver”. Individual naming is used to differentiate product specific features. The host (PC/Microcontroller/Any device to which the LT2510 module is connected) will be referred to as “OEM Host” or “Host.” www.lairdtech.com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 1: LT2510 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL FCC: PRM110/111/120/121 Form Factor CE: PRM112/113/122/123 SMD-ANT, SMD-U.FL, Pluggable-ANT, Pluggable-U.FL Antenna Integrated chip antenna or external antenna through U.FL connector Serial Interface Data Rate Baud rates from 1200 bps to 230,400 bps. Non-standard baud rates are also supported. Channels 42 or 78 selectable channels Security 42 selectable channels Channelization and System ID Minimum Flash (EEPROM) Memory Endurance 1000 Write/Erase Cycles TRANSCEIVER Frequency Band 2400 - 2483.5 MHz RF Data Rate (Raw) 280 kbps or 500kbps selectable Hop Bin Spacing 900kHz at 280kbps RF Data Rate 1500kHz at 500kbps RF Data Rate RF Technology Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Modulation MSK Output Power Conducted +11 to +20dBm selectable Supply Voltage Current Draw 100% TX 190mA 85mA 1/8 TX (when selected) 40mA 40mA 100% RX 40mA 40mA RX average (idle current) 12mA 12mA Deep sleep 50uA 50uA Receiver Sensitivity (1% PER) Range (based on external 2.5dBi antenna at 280kbps RF Data Rate) +8 to +17dBm selectable 3.3 - 3.6V ± 50mV ripple -98 dBm at 280kbps RF Data Rate -94 dBm at 500kbps RF Data Rate Outdoor (line-of-sight) 2.5miles (4km) 1.5miles (2.4km) Indoor (estimated) 1300ft (400m) 790ft (240m) ENVIRONMENTAL Operating Temperature Range -40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range -50°C to 85°C PHYSICAL Dimensions SMD-ANT 1.0” x 1.54” x 0.14” (25.4mm x 39mm x 3.6mm) Dimensions SMD-U.FL 1.0” x 1.28” x 0.14” (25.4mm x 33mm x 3.6mm) Dimensions Pluggable-ANT 0.96” x 1.42” x 0.406” (24.3mm x 36mm x 10.3mm) Dimensions Pluggable-U.FL 0.96” x 1.185” x 0.406” (24.3mm x 30.1mm x 10.3mm) CERTIFICATE FCC Part 15.247 KQL-2510100 KQL-2510100 2268C-2510100 2268C-2510100 CE N/A EN 300 328-2 V1.71,EN 301 489 ROHS Yes Yes Industry Canada (IC) www.lairdtech.com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 2: PIN DEFINITIONS FOR THE LT2510 TRANSCEIVER SMT Pin PLUGGABLE Pin TYPE SIGNAL NAME FUNCTIONS GO_0/ Hop_Frame Generic Output/Hop_Frame GO_1 Generic Output DNC Do not connect. 17 Reserved Reserved for future use 19 PWM_Output PWM Output RXD Asynchronous serial data input to transceiver TXD Asynchronous serial data output from transceiver 10 GND GND Signal Ground PWR Vcc 3.3 - 3.6 V ±50mV ripple (must be connected) 10 PWR Vpa 3.3 – 3.6 V +/-50mV ripple (must be connected) 11 GND GND Signal Ground 12 Test Test Mode – When pulled logic Low and then applying power or resetting, the transceiver’s serial interface is forced to a 9600, 8-N-1 rate. To exit Test Mode, the transceiver must be reset or power-cycled with Test Mode pulled logic High or left floating/disconnected. Note: Because this mode disables some modes of operation, it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation. 13 14 DI0 Digital Input 0 14 UP_Reset RESET – Controlled by the LT2510 for power-on reset if left unconnected. After a stable power-on reset, a logic Low pulse will reset the transceiver. 15 11 CMD/Data When logic Low, the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as command data. When logic High, the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as transmit data. 16 15 In Range When logic low, the client is in range and synchronized with a server. This will always be low on a Server. 17 16 RTS Request to Send. Floats high if left unconnected, when enabled the module will not transmit data out the Serial UART unless the pin is low 18 12 CTS Clear to Send - Active Low when the transceiver is ready to accept data for transmission. 19 14 DI1 Digital Input 1 20 13 Reserved Reserved for future use. Do not connect. 21 Reserved Reserved for future use. Do not connect. 22 20 AD_In Analog to Digital Input ENGINEER’S TIP • • • • • www.lairdtech.com All I/O is 3.3V TTL. All inputs are weakly pulled High via a 20kOhm pull-up resistor and may be left floating during normal operation Minimum Connections: VCC, VPA, GND, TXD, & RXD Signal direction is with respect to the transceiver Unused pins should be left disconnected Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 3: INPUT CHARACTERISTICS SIGNAL NAME MIN HIGH HIGH MAX LOW MIN LOW MAX RXD 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v Test 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v UP_Reset 0.8v 3.3v 0v 0.6v CMD/Data 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v RTS 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v AD_In N/Av 3.3v 0v N/A DI0 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v DI1 2.31v 3.3v 0v .99v TABLE 4: OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS SIGNAL NAME MIN HIGH HIGH MAX LOW MIN LOW MAX SINK CURRENT GO_0 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 20mA GO_1 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 20mA PWM_Output N/A 3.3v 0v N/A 4mA TXD 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 4mA In_Range 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 4mA CTS 2.5v 3.3v 0v 0.4v 4mA BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1 includes a functional Block Diagram of the transceiver module. www.lairdtech.com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 5: TIMING SPECIFICATIONS pARAMETER SERVER/CLIENT MIN TYP MAX 5ms 10ms N/A EEPROM read 800us 1ms 2ms Measured from last byte of command to first byte of response: 870us for 1 byte 1.1ms for 80bytes 1.4ms for 256bytes EEPROM write 20ms 30ms 40ms Measured. EEPROM writes cause the radio to go out of range for up to 3 seconds 13ms 600ms 1700ms* *Maximum time assuming all beacons are heard, RF interference could extend the maximum time indefinitely Power on to CTS Low Power on to In Range Client only, server will go in range in less than 13ms Hop Period In Range Hop Period Out of Range NOTES 13.19ms Client only Reset Pulse 38.4ms 250ns HOP FRAME 4.89ms 2.22ms Reserved 4.89ms Reserved 4.89ms Data Slot 2 (Max 90 Bytes) 1.19ms 4.89ms Data Slot 1 (Max 90 Bytes) Beacon RF Data Rate = 280kbps Data Slot 2 (Max 239 Bytes) 1.19ms Data Slot 1 (Max 239 Bytes) Beacon RF Data Rate = 500kbps 2.22ms 13.19ms www.lairdtech.com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module HARDWARE INTERFACE PIN DESCRIPTIONS RXD and TXD The LT2510 accepts 3.3 VDC TTL level asynchronous serial data from the OEM Host via the RXD pin. Data is sent from the transceiver, at 3.3V levels, to the OEM Host via the TXD pin. Test Test Mode - When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting, the transceiver’s serial interface is forced to 9600, 8-N-1 (8 data bits, No parity, 1 stop bit): regardless of actual EEPROM setting. The interface timeout is also set to 3 ms and the RF packet size is set to the default size for the selected RF Data Rate. To exit, the transceiver must be reset or power-cycled with Test pin logic High or disconnected. Note: Because this pin disables some modes of operation, it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation. UP_RESET UP_Reset provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the LT2510 microprocessor and is used to force a hard reset. For a valid reset, reset must be asserted Low for an absolute minimum of 250 ns. Command/Data When logic High, the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as transmit data to be sent to other transceivers. When logic Low, the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as command data. When logic Low, data packets from the radio will not be transmitted over the RF interface however incoming packets from other radios will still be received. RX Data Received can be disabled by enabling CMD/Data RX Disable in the EEPROM. In_Range The In Range pin will be driven low when a client radio is synchronized with a server. In Range will always be driven low on a server. In Range will transition low in approximately 12ms on a Server. For a Client the In Range will take an average of 500ms, this time is dependant on the server timing and the signal strength of the received beacon. It can vary from 150ms to over 1500ms. Hop_Frame Disabled by default and controlled by the Control 1, Bit-6 EEPROM Setting. When enabled this pin will transition logic Low at the start of a hop and transition logic High at the completion of a hop. The OEM Host is not required to monitor Hop Frame. RTS Handshaking With RTS mode disabled, the transceiver will send any received data to the OEM Host as soon as it is received. However, some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time. With RTS enabled, the OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de-asserting RTS (High). Once RTS is re-asserted (Low), the transceiver will send packets to the OEM Host as they are received. Note: Leaving RTS de-asserted for too long can cause data loss once the transceiver’s receive buffer reaches capacity. CTS Handshaking If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied, data loss will occur. The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emptied. CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High. www.lairdtech.com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION SERVER/CLIENT ARCHITECTURE The LT2510 utilizes a server-client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping. Each network must have one radio configured as a Server and all other radios configured as Clients. When a radio is configured as a Server, it will transmit a beacon at the beginning of each hop. Radios configured as Clients will default to a receive mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a Server in their network. When a Client detects the Server’s beacon, the client will synchronize to it and transition the InRange pin low. When the Server and the Client are synchronized they can begin transferring data. Each network consists of one, and only one, Server. Multiple networks can exist in the same area, provided the networks are configured on different Channels. The LT2510 utilizes an intelligent Frequency Hopping algorithm which ensures minimal interference between two networks. There is no need to synchronize the communications between the networks. The possible interference between two networks is given by the equation. Maximum number of interfering bins = #of collocated Servers -1 The LT2510 radio can be configured to hop over 43 or 79 bins, so with two Servers present they will interfere with each other once every 43 or 79 hops. With 10 collocated Servers, they will interfere a maximum of 9 out of 43 or 79 hops (presuming they are also transmitting data during each hop). ADJUSTABLE RF DATA RATE The LT2510’s RF data rate can be adjusted to provide a trade-off between throughput and range. TABLE 6: RF DATA RATE PRODUCT MODEL RF DATA RATE NUMBER OF HOPS RECEIVER SENSITIVITY THROUGHPUT1 PRM110, 111, 121, 122 280kpbs 79 -98dBm 120kpbs PRM110, 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123, 124 500kpbs 43 -94dBm 250kpbs PRM110, 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 123, 124 280kpbs 43 -98dBm 120kpbs Throughput is ideal, one direction, with no retransmissions. All practical RF applications should include the need to retransmit data due to interference or less than ideal RF conditions. CE versions (50 mW) allow the 43 hop set ONLY. Deciding which RF Data Rate to choose depends on the individual application. The fast RF Data Rate will deliver much faster throughput, but will have much less range. In addition, because the lower data rate solution uses more hops, it is better situated for collocated networks. In version 1.XX and above the RF Data rate is set by the appropriate RF Profile, EEPROM Address 0xXX. A rule of thumb for RF systems is every 6dB of gain doubles the effective distance. The 4dB gain on the Receive Sensitivity for the lower data rate solution means it will be able to transmit almost 60% farther than the higher data rate solution. www.lairdtech.com Laird Technologies
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