MitraStar Technology HES209M2W WiMAX Indoor VoIP Wi-Fi IAD User Manual User s guide Update

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C HAPTER
The VoIP General Screens
9.1 VoIP Overview
The VOICE > General screens allow you to set up global SIP and Quality of Service (QoS) settings.
VoIP (Voice over IP) is the sending of voice signals over the Internet Protocol. This allows you to
make phone calls and send faxes over the Internet at a fraction of the cost of using the traditional
circuit-switched telephone network. You can also use servers to run telephone service applications
like PBX services and voice mail. Internet Telephony Service Provider (ITSP) companies provide
VoIP service. A company could alternatively set up an IP-PBX and provide it’s own VoIP service.
Circuit-switched telephone networks require 64 kilobits per second (kbps) in each direction to
handle a telephone call. VoIP can use advanced voice coding techniques with compression to reduce
the required bandwidth.
9.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
• The Media screen (Section 9.2 on page 159) lets you set up and maintain global VoIP settings on
the BM2022w.
• The QoS screen (Section 9.3 on page 160) lets you set up and maintain QoS settings for voice
traffic flowing through the BM2022w.
• The SIP screen (Section 9.4 on page 161) lets you enable session timer and select the SIP
session refresh method.
• The Speed Dial screen (Section 9.5 on page 161) lets you add, edit, or remove speed-dial
entries for the phone line.
9.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Voice Coding
A codec (coder/decoder) codes analog voice signals into digital signals and decodes the digital
signals back into voice signals. The BM2022w supports the following codecs.
• G.711 is a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) waveform codec. PCM measures analog signal
amplitudes at regular time intervals (sampling) and converts them into digital bits (quantization).
Quantization “reads” the analog signal and then “writes” it to the nearest digital value. For this
reason, a digital sample is usually slightly different from its analog original (this difference is
known as “quantization noise”). G.711 provides excellent sound quality but requires 64kbps of
bandwidth.
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• G.729 is an Analysis-by-Synthesis (AbS) hybrid waveform codec. It uses a filter based on
information about how the human vocal tract produces sounds. The codec analyzes the incoming
voice signal and attempts to synthesize it using its list of voice elements. It tests the synthesized
signal against the original and, if it is acceptable, transmits details of the voice elements it used
to make the synthesis. Because the codec at the receiving end has the same list, it can exactly
recreate the synthesized audio signal.G.729 provides good sound quality and reduces the
required bandwidth to 8kbps.
Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay and
the networking methods used to provide bandwidth for real-time multimedia applications.
Type Of Service (ToS)
Network traffic can be classified by setting the ToS (Type Of Service) values at the data source (for
example, at the BM2022w) so a server can decide the best method of delivery, that is the least
cost, fastest route and so on. The ToS field is consist of 8 bits. The first 3 bits indicate the priority of
the packet.
DiffServ
DiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop
treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types
and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of
service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the
packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember
state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service
or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.
DiffServ uses the first 6 bits of the 8-bit ToS value so that it can be backward compatible with nonDiffServ compliant but ToS-enabled network device. See Section 9.6.1 on page 162 for more
information.
SIP
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles
the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP
signaling is separate from the media for which it handles sessions. The media that is exchanged
during the session can use a different path from that of the signaling. SIP handles telephone calls
and can interface with traditional circuit-switched telephone networks.
RTP
When you make a VoIP call using SIP, the RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) is used to handle voice
data transfer. See RFC 1889 for details on RTP.
Speed Dial
Speed dial provides shortcuts for dialing frequently used phone numbers. You can map a phone
number to a self-defined key(s) and then use that key(s) to call the phone number. For example,
you can map 123456 to #01. When you press #01 it means that you press 123456.
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9.1.3 Before you Begin
• Ensure that you have all of your voice account information on hand. If not, contact your voice
account service provider to find out which settings in this chapter you should configure in order
to use your telephone with the BM2022w.
• Connect your BM2022w to the Internet, as described in the Quick Start Guide. If you have not
already done so, then you will not be able to test your VoIP settings.
9.2 Media
Click VoIP > General > Media to set up and maintain global VoIP settings.
Figure 86 VoIP > General > Media
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 68 VoIP > General > Media
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Port Range
Media Port Start
Media Port End
Enter the listening port number(s) for RTP traffic on the BM2022w, if your VoIP
service provider gave you this information. Otherwise, keep the default values.
To enter one port number, enter the port number in the both Media Port Start
and Media Port End fields.
To enter a range of ports, enter the beginning port number of the range in the
Media Port Start field and the ending port number in the Media Port End field.
Codec Packetization Time Settings
G.711, G.729
Select how often (10 to 60 msecs) the BM2022w sends an RTP packet for each
type of voice coder/decoder (codec) G.711 and G.729.
Advanced
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Table 68 VoIP > General > Media (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Voice Jitter Buffer
Type
Voice jitter is a variation in delay of RTP packets delivery. This could cause
strange sound effects. The BM2022w can utilize the following types of jitter
buffer to minimize the effects of jitter.
Dynamic - Jitter buffer size is dynamically changed by RTP packets delivery
status.
Static - Jitter buffer size is fixed.
Voice Jitter Buffer
Length
Select the maximum number of milliseconds of voice traffic the BM2022w can
help to smooth out the jitter in order to ensure good voice quality for your
conversations.
Packet Loss
Concealment
Packets may be dropped due to an overwhelming amount of traffic on the
network. Some degree of packet loss will not be noticeable to the end user, but
as packet loss increases the quality of sound degrades. Select this to have the
BM2022w to improve the voice quality when packet loss occurs.
T.38 Static Jitter
Length
T.38 is an ITU-T standard that VoIP devices use to send fax messages over the
Internet.
Select the number of milliseconds for the jitter buffer size used for transmitting
T.38 fax messages.
9.3 QoS
This section describes the features of the Quality of Service (QoS) screen.
Click VoIP > General > QoS to set up Type of Service (ToS) and Differentiated Services (Diffserv)
settings for voice traffic transmission through the BM2022w.
Figure 87 VoIP > General > QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 69 VoIP > General > QoS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
SIP ToS/DiffServ
Enter the DSCP value you want to mark on all outgoing SIP packets generated by
the BM2022w for DiffServ-enabled networks. Since DiffServ uses the first 6 bits
of the 8-bit IP ToS field to represent the DSCP value, enter here the 6-bit DSCP
value you want to mark in hexadecimal (in a format of 0x00), and the BM2022w
will then automatically append 2 bits '0' to make a whole 8-bit ToS field value for
all outgoing SIP packets.
For example, if you enter 0x2E, it is 101110 in binary for DSCP. The BM2022w
converts it to 10111000 in binary and marks on the IP ToS field of all the
outgoing SIP packets.
RTP ToS/DiffServ
160
Enter the DSCP value you want to mark on all outgoing VoIP data packets
(including both RTP and T.38 UDPTL packets) generated by the BM2022 for
DiffServ-enabled networks.
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9.4 SIP Settings
Click VoIP > General > SIP to set up session timer on the BM2022w. See Section 10.8 on page
173 for more information on SIP.
Figure 88 VoIP > General > SIP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 70 VoIP > General > SIP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Session Timer
Enable
Select this to activate the BM2022w’s SIP Session Timer. SIP Session Timer is a
function used by both of the communication peers to determine if the call
session is still active (alive) or not. It uses the method specified in the following
Refresh Method field to periodically refresh the SIP sessions.
Refresh Method
Select the method to be used for periodically refreshing SIP sessions, to
determine if the session is still active. Select UPDATE to use Update requests to
refresh the session and select INVITE to use Re-Invite requests. You should
use the same method as the peer device.
The Update method uses less overhead than Re-Invite, but is not as widely
supported as Re-Invite. By default the BM2022w is set to use the UPDATE
method. When set to UPDATE, the BM2022w can also revert to using the
INVITE method for SIP session refresh, depending on the method supported
and allowed by the peer device.
9.5 Speed Dial
Speed dial allows you to use a shorter number for dialing frequently used phone numbers.
Click VoIP > General > Speed Dial to add, edit, or remove speed-dial rules.
Figure 89 VoIP > General > Speed Dial
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 71 VoIP > General > Speed Dial
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Speed Dial Rules - This is a list of speed dial numbers. To edit an existing speed dial rule, you can
click the row for the rule and editable fields will appear.
Active
This field displays whether the rule is activated or not.
Short Number
This field displays the abbreviated number you want to use to substitute for the
real (actual) phone number in the following Real Number field.
When the rule is activated, you can press the assigned Short Number to dial the
Real Number.
Real Number
This field displays the actual phone number you want the BM2022w to call when
you use the specified Short Number.
Enter the actual phone number you want the BM2022w to call when you use the
specified Short Number if you are editing the entry.
Notes
This field displays additional information for this speed-dial rule.
Enter additional information or any remark for this speed-dial rule if your are
editing the entry.
Remove
Click this to remove the rule.
Add
Click this to add a new speed-dial rule.
OK
Click this to save the changes you made in this table.
9.6 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the BM2022w features
described in this chapter.
9.6.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field
in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define
up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field.
Figure 90 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field
DSCP
Unused
(6-bit)
(2-bit)
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ
compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet
gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be
marked for different priorities of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP
values and the configured policies.
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C HAPTER
10
The VoIP Account Screens
10.1 Overview
Use the VoIP > Account 1 and VoIP > Account 2 screens to configure SIP servers,
authentication, additional VoIP features, dialing timeout values and how to handle fax messages for
two accounts on the BM2022w. Account 1 maps to phone port 1 and account 2 maps to phone port
2. Since both the Account 1 and Account 2 screens are quite similar, this section uses the VoIP >
Account 1 screens to describe the fields.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
• The Status screen (Section 10.2 on page 166) lets you view the current status of the SIP server,
and selected phone line and call history. You can also manually disconnect the VoIP connection or
request the SIP server for a new connection.
• The Server screen (Section 10.3 on page 168) lets you configure the SIP server, proxy server
and outbound server settings for the phone line.
• The SIP screen (Section 10.4 on page 169) lets you configure the SIP account, codec and SIP
settings for the phone line.
• The Feature screen (Section 10.5 on page 171) lets you configure the SIP additional functions
such as DTMF, call forward and call waiting for the phone line.
• The Dialing screen (Section 10.6 on page 172) lets you configure some timeout setting for the
phone line.
• The FAX screen (Section 10.7 on page 173) lets you configure which standard the phone line
uses for sending faxes.
10.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
SIP Identities
A SIP account uses an identity (sometimes referred to as a SIP address). A complete SIP identity is
called a SIP URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). A SIP account's URI identifies the SIP account in a
way similar to the way an e-mail address identifies an e-mail account. The format of a SIP identity
is SIP-Number@SIP-Service-Domain.
SIP Number
The SIP number is the part of the SIP URI that comes before the “@” symbol. A SIP number can
use letters like in an e-mail address (johndoe@your-ITSP.com for example) or numbers like a
telephone number (1122334455@VoIP-provider.com for example).
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SIP Service Domain
The SIP service domain of the VoIP service provider (the company that lets you make phone calls
over the Internet) is the domain name in a SIP URI. For example, if the SIP address is
1122334455@VoIP-provider.com, then “VoIP-provider.com” is the SIP service domain.
SIP Register Server
A SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name)
mapping. The register server checks your user name and password when you register.
SIP User Agent
A SIP user agent can make and receive VoIP telephone calls. This means that SIP can be used for
peer-to-peer communications even though it is a client-server protocol. In the following figure,
either A or B can act as a SIP user agent client to initiate a call. A and B can also both act as a SIP
user agent to receive the call.
Figure 91 SIP User Agent
SIP Proxy Server
A SIP proxy server receives requests from clients and forwards them to another server.
In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is using client device
C.
The client device (A in the figure) sends a call invitation to the SIP proxy server (B).
The SIP proxy server forwards the call invitation to C.
Figure 92 SIP Proxy Server
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STUN
STUN (Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through Network Address Translators)
allows the BM2022w to find the presence and types of NAT routers and/or firewalls between it and
the public Internet. STUN also allows the BM2022w to find the public IP address that NAT assigned,
so the BM2022w can embed it in the SIP data stream. STUN does not work with symmetric NAT
routers or firewalls. See RFC 3489 for details on STUN.
The following figure shows how STUN works.
The BM2022w (A) sends SIP packets to the STUN server (B).
The STUN server (B) finds the public IP address and port number that the NAT router used on the
BM2022w’s SIP packets and sends them to the BM2022w.
The BM2022w uses the public IP address and port number in the SIP packets that it sends to the
SIP server (C).
Figure 93 STUN
NAT
Outbound Proxy
Your VoIP service provider may host a SIP outbound proxy server to handle all of the BM2022w’s
VoIP traffic. This allows the BM2022w to work with any type of NAT router and eliminates the need
for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off a SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of the BM2022w to keep it from
retranslating the IP address (since this is already handled by the outbound proxy server).
NAT and SIP
The BM2022w must register its public IP address with a SIP register server. If there is a NAT router
between the BM2022w and the SIP register server, the BM2022w probably has a private IP address.
The BM2022w lists its IP address in the SIP message that it sends to the SIP register server. NAT
does not translate this IP address in the SIP message. The SIP register server gets the BM2022w’s
IP address from inside the SIP message and maps it to your SIP identity. If the BM2022w has a
private IP address listed in the SIP message, the SIP server cannot map it to your SIP identity.
Use a SIP ALG (Application Layer Gateway), STUN, or outbound proxy to allow the BM2022w to list
its public IP address in the SIP messages.
DTMF
Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) telephone call signaling uses pairs of frequencies (one lower
frequency and one higher frequency) to set up calls. It is also known as Touch Tone. Each of the
keys on a DTMF telephone corresponds to a different pair of frequencies.
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Supplementary Phone Services Overview
Supplementary services such as call hold, call waiting, call transfer, etc. are generally available from
your VoIP service provider. The BM2022w supports the following services:
• Call Waiting
• Call Forwarding
• Caller ID
Note: To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available though the
BM2022w's phone port, you may need to subscribe to the services from your VoIP
service provider.
10.2 Status
Click VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Status to view VoIP settings and current status.
Figure 94 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 72 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Status
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Server Status
166
SIP Register
This field displays the IP address (or domain name) and service port number of
the register server, if you have configured one.
SIP Service
Domain
This field displays the SIP service domain and port number of the SIP server, if
you have configured one.
Proxy Server
This field displays the IP address (or domain name) and service port number of
the SIP proxy server, if you have configured one.
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Table 72 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Status
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Outbound
Server
This field displays the IP address (or domain name) and service port number of
the outbound proxy server, if you have configured one.
Register
Status
This field displays Disabled if the SIP account (set up in Section 10.4 on page
169) is disabled or de-registered from the registrar server. It displays
Registering (or Unregistering) after sending out the SIP register (or
unregister) message to make registration (or de-registration) at (or from) the
SIP registrar server.
If the registration fails, for example, rejected by SIP registrar server (due to
wrong authentication data) or timeout to get response from the server, Error
would be displayed. It displays Up if the SIP account is registered at the
registrar server successfully.
Line Status
Subscriber
Number
This field displays the SIP phone number for the phone line.
Account
Status
This indicates whether the SIP account is activated or not. Enable means
activated and Disable means deactivated.
Phone Status
This field displays the phone status, such as Idle, Calling, Ringing,
Connecting, InCall, Hold, and Disconnecting.
Call History
Received call
This field displays the number of calls you have received through the connected
phone since the BM2022w last restarted or was turned on.
Missing call
This field displays the number of calls you have missed since the BM2022w last
restarted or was turned on.
Outgoing call
This field displays the number of calls you have made through the connected
phone since the BM2022w last restarted or was turned on.
Connect
Click this to register the BM2022w to the specified register server.
Disconnect
Click this to de-register the BM2022w with the register server.
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10.3 Server
Click VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Server to configure the registrar server, proxy server
and outbound proxy server for this SIP account.
Figure 95 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Server
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 73 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Server
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Registrar Server
Registrar
Server
Enter the IP address or domain name of a register server. You can use up to 63
printable ASCII characters.
Port Number
Enter the SIP server’s listening port number. Keep the default value, if you are
not sure of this value.
SIP Service
Domain
Enter the IP address or domain name of a SIP server, if your VoIP service
provider gave you one.
Otherwise, enter the same address that you have entered in the Registrar
Server field. You can use up to 63 printable ASCII characters.
Register
Period Time
Enter the registration expiry time in seconds for the SIP account specified in
Section 10.4 on page 169. The allowable range is 60~65535 seconds. However,
this value is just a default preference value by user, the actual registration expiry
time used by the SIP account is determined by the registrar server after the
registration process.
Once the SIP account has registered at the registrar server successfully, the
BM2022w will send a re-register message to keep alive the successfully
registered status at every half of the registration expiry time determined by the
registrar server.
If the keep-alive action failed, the register status described in Section 10.2 on
page 166 will become Error state and you can not make any call in this status.
However, after 512 seconds (fixed value), the BM2022w will send a register
message again to try to recover a successfully registered status.
Proxy Server
Proxy Server
168
Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP proxy server provided by your
VoIP service provider. You can use up to 63 printable ASCII characters.
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Table 73 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Server
LABEL
Port Number
DESCRIPTION
Enter the SIP proxy server’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider
gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.
Outbound Server
Outbound
Server
Enter the IP address or domain name of the outbound proxy server provided by
your VoIP service provider. You can use up to 63 printable ASCII characters. If
you choose not to use an outbound proxy server, set this to 0.0.0.0.
Port Number
Enter the outbound proxy’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider
gave you one. Otherwise, leave it as the default ‘5060’.
If the outbound proxy is disabled (set to 0.0.0.0), then this port will be ignored.
10.4 SIP
Click VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > SIP to configure SIP settings.
Figure 96 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > SIP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 74 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > SIP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
SIP Account
Enable
Select this if you want the BM2022w to use this account. Clear it if you do not
want the BM2022w to use this account.
SIP Local Port
Enter the BM2022w’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave
you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.
Subscriber
Number
Enter your SIP number. In the full SIP URI, this is the part before the @
symbol. You can use up to 1-31 printable ASCII characters.
Authentication
Name
Type the SIP user name associated with this account for authentication to the
SIP register server.
This field can be 1-31 printable characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9).
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Table 74 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > SIP
LABEL
Password
DESCRIPTION
Type the SIP password associated with this account. This field can be 0-31
printable characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9), underscores (_), pluses (+), periods (.),
and “at” symbols (@).
Codec Settings
1st Codec, 2nd
Codec, 3rd
Codec
Select the BM2022w’s first, second, and third choices of the type of voice
coder/decoder (codec) that you want the phone line to use when
communicating with the SIP server. The following codecs (shown in highest
quality to lowest quality order) are supported by the BM2022w:
• G.711 aLaw (typically used in Europe)
• G.711 muLaw (typically used in North America and Japan)
• G.729
You can also select NONE for the 2nd and 3rd codecs if your VoIP service
provider only gave you one or two codec settings.
When two SIP devices start a SIP session, they must agree on a codec.
Session Timer
Min Session
Timer
Enter the minimum session expiry time in seconds. The allowable range is
90~65535 seconds.
When an incoming call requests a session expiry time that is lower than this
value, the BM2022w will respond with a "423 session timer too small" message
and tell the peer to use this value as the minimum bound.
Session Timer
Enter the session expiry time in seconds for all phone connections on this
trunk. The allowable range is 120~65535 seconds. This value cannot be lower
than the Min Session Timer.
The BM2022w will use INVITE or UPDATE method to keep alive a session every
half of the session expiry time during a call.
If the keep-alive action is successful, the BM2022w will re-start the timer and
do another keep-alive action after it reaches half of the session expiry time.
If the keep-alive action failed, the call will terminate automatically.
See Section 9.4 on page 161 to configure the Refresh Method with the INVITE
or UPDATE method.
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10.5 Feature
Click VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Feature to configure advanced VoIP features such as
DTMF, Call Forwarding and Call Waiting.
Figure 97 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Feature
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 75 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Feature
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Feature Settings
Block
Anonymous Call
Select this to have the BM2022w block all incoming calls from phone that do
not send caller ID.
Do Not Disturb
(DND)
Select this to have the BM2022w not forward calls to the phone line while
processing incoming calls. Thus, for any incoming call, the remote peer can
hear ringback tone, but the phone connected on the BM2022w would not ring.
Meanwhile, the BM2022w can still make outgoing calls as usual.
Note: The DND function should be used very carefully, since enabling DND
makes the BM2022w not forward any incoming call to the phone line so
the user would never know whether there are any incoming calls.
Hide User ID
(Make
Anonymous
Call)
BM2022w User’s Guide
Select this to not have your Caller ID(number) displayed on the callee's
screen.
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Table 75 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Feature
LABEL
MWI (Message
Waiting
Indication)
DESCRIPTION
Select this to enable Message Waiting Indicator (MWI) function for this SIP
account specified in Section 10.4 on page 169. When there is at least one new
voicemail for the SIP account, the voice LED (described in Section 1.2.1 on
page 19) turns yellow and the BM2022w sends a beeping tone to the phone
while user picks-up the phone to make calls.
DTMF
DTMF
Control how the BM2022 handles the DTMF tone relay to the communication
peer. The DTMF tone is generated by the phone when you push its digit
buttons during a call. One application is to send numbers when trying to do
IVR (Interactive Voice Response) service with server.
You should use the same mode as your VoIP service provider. The choices are:
• Out-of-band(RFC 2833) - Follow the RFC 2833 standard and send the
DTMF tones in RTP packets.
• In Band - Send the DTMF tones in the voice data stream. This works best
when you are using a codec that does not use compression (like G.711).
Codecs that use compression (like G.729) can distort the tones.
SIP INFO
Select this to have the BM2022w send the DTMF tones in SIP messages.
Call Forward Setting
Unconditional
CF,
Unconditional
CF Target
Select this if you want the BM2022w to forward all incoming calls to the
specified phone number, regardless of other rules in this Call Forward Setting
section. Specify the phone number in the Unconditional CF Target field.
Note: The Unconditional CF function should be used very carefully, since
enabling this function makes the BM2022w forward all incoming calls to
another phone number, so the user would never know if there are any
incoming calls.
Busy CF,
Busy CF Target
Select this if you want the BM2022w to forward incoming calls to the specified
phone number if the phone port is busy. Specify the phone number in the
Busy CF Target field. If you have call waiting, the incoming call is forwarded
to the specified phone number if you reject or ignore the second incoming call.
No Answer CF,
No Answer CF
Target, No
Answer CF
Waiting Time
Select this if you want the BM2022w to forward incoming calls to the specified
phone number if the call is unanswered. Specify the phone number in the No
Answer CF Target field on the right. Specify the time to wait before
forwarding incoming calls in the No Answer CF Waiting Time field.
Call Waiting Setting
Call Waiting
Select this to enable call waiting for this SIP account on the BM2022w.
Call Waiting
Reject Time
Enter time to wait before rejecting a call when call waiting is enabled.
10.6 Dialing
Click VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Dialing to configure dialing timeout values.
Figure 98 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Dialing
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 76 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > Dialing
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Inter-digit
Timeout
Set the time in seconds (1~5) the BM2022w waits for each digit input of a
complete callee number after you press the first key on the phone.
If the BM2022w cannot receive the next digit entered within this time period,
the BM2022w processes digits you have dialed.
First-digit
Timeout
Set the number of seconds (5~30) for the BM2022w to wait for you to start
dialing a number after you pick up the telephone receiver. If you do not dial
any number within that time period, the dial tone becomes a busy signal. Put
back the receiver and pick it up again if you want to make a new call.
10.7 FAX
Click VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > FAX to configure which standard the account uses for
fax services.
Figure 99 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > FAX
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 77 VoIP > Account 1 (or Account 2) > FAX
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Options
Select which standard the BM2022w uses to handle faxes. The peer devices must also
use standard.
G.711A Pass Through - Select this option to send and receive fax messages over the
network or Internet using VoIP (G.711a). By encoding fax data as audio data, faxes
may be susceptible to packet loss and other errors. However, as this standard is
considerably older than T.38, it is more compatible with older obsolete systems.
T.38 FAX Relay - BM2022w encodes fax messages to T.38 packets and sends as UDP
packets through IP networks. This provides better quality, but it may have
interoperability problems.
10.8 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the BM2022w features
described in this chapter.
10.8.1 SIP Call Progression with Session Timer
The following figure displays the basic steps in the setup and tear down of a SIP call with session
timer supported by both peers. The UPDATE method is used to refresh the session. A calls B and
uses proxy server P. Messages include Session Expiry (SE) and Minimum Session Expiry (MSE)
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time values. When the duration of the call reaches half of the SE time period, the session is
refreshed.
Table 78 SIP Call Progression
1. INVITE
SE: 60
------------------>
2. 422
MSE: 3600
<----------------------3. ACK
------------------>
4. INVITE
SE: 3600
MSE: 3600
------------------>
5. INVITE
SE: 3600
MSE: 3600
------------------------>
6. INVITE
SE: 3600
MSE: 3600
-------------------->
7. OK
SE: 3600
<------------------8. OK
SE: 3600
<-----------------------9. OK
SE: 3600
<-----------------10. ACK
------------------>
11. ACK
------------------------>
-------------------->
12. Dialogue (voice traffic)
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Table 78 SIP Call Progression (continued)
13. UPDATE
SE: 3600
------------------>
14. UPDATE
SE:3600
----------------------->
-------------------->
15. OK
SE: 3600
<----------------------
<-------------------
16. OK
SE: 3600
<-----------------17. BYE
------------------>
18. OK
<-------------------
A sends a SIP INVITE request. This message is an invitation for B to participate in a SIP telephone
call. A’s INVITE specifies a SE of 60 seconds.
A’s request arrives at P but is below the minimum allowed value of 3600, so it is rejected with a 422
message, which contains the MSE of 3600.
A sends an ACK to acknowledge the message was received.
A retries the INVITE request with SE of 3600 and MSE of 3600.
The SE in the new INVITE is acceptable so P forwards it to B.
B receives the INVITE.
B responds with an OK message which includes the SE of 3600.
P forwards the OK message to A.
A receives the OK.
10 A then sends an ACK message to acknowledge that the call is established completely.
11 The proxy server forwards the ACK message to B.
12 Now A and B exchange voice media (talk).
13 After around half of the SE time period is reached, or 1800 seconds in this case, A sends an UPDATE
request to refresh the session.
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14 The UPDATE request is forwarded by P to B.
15 B receives the UPDATE request and responds with an OK message.
16 The OK message is received by A.
17 After talking, A hangs up and sends a BYE request.
18 B replies with an OK response confirming receipt of the BYE request and the call is terminated.
10.8.2 SIP Client Server
SIP is a client-server protocol. A SIP client is an application program or device that sends SIP
requests. A SIP server responds to the SIP requests.
When you use SIP to make a VoIP call, it originates at a client and terminates at a server. A SIP
client could be a computer or a SIP phone. One device can act as both a SIP client and a SIP server.
For more information on the SIP protocol, please refer to RFC 3261.
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The VoIP Line Screens
11.1 Overview
The VoIP > Line screens allow you to configure the volume, echo cancellation, VAD settings and
custom tones for phone ports 1 and 2 which map to SIP accounts 1 and 2 (see Chapter 10 on page
163). Since both the Line 1 and Line 2 screens are quite similar, this section uses the VoIP >
Line 1 screens to describe the fields.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
• The Phone screen (Section 11.2 on page 178) lets you configure phone settings.
• The Voice screen (Section 11.3 on page 178) lets you configure voice settings.
• The Region screen (Section 11.4 on page 179) lets you configure which country of the world the
BM2022w is in.
11.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression/Comfort Noise
Voice Activity Detection (VAD) detects whether or not speech is present. This lets the BM2022w
reduce the bandwidth that a call uses by not transmitting “silent packets” when you are not
speaking.
When using VAD, the BM2022w generates comfort noise when the other party is not speaking. The
comfort noise lets you know that the line is still connected as total silence could easily be mistaken
for a lost connection.
Echo Cancellation
G.168 is an ITU-T standard for eliminating the echo caused by the sound of your voice
reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.
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11.2 Phone
Click VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Phone to configure phone related settings.
Figure 100 VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Phone
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 79 VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Phone
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Phone
Hook Flash Detect
Upper Bound
Enter the number of milliseconds for the upper bound of a quick on-hook and offhook cycle in order to recognize a hook flash event.
Hook Flash Detect
Lower Bound
Enter the number of milliseconds for the lower bound of a quick on-hook and offhook cycle in order to recognize a hook flash event.
Voice Tx Level
Select the volume level transmitted by the BM2022w. -9 is the quietest, and 9 is
the loudest.
Voice Rx Level
Select the volume level transmitted to the BM2022w. -9 is the quietest, and 9 is
the loudest.
11.3 Voice
Click VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Voice to configure voice settings.
Figure 101 VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Voice
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 80 VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Voice
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
VAD - Voice Activity Detection
Enable VAD
178
Enable Voice Active Detector (VAD) to have the BM2022w stop transmitting voice
traffic when you are not speaking using the detection method. This reduces the
bandwidth the BM2022w uses.
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Table 80 VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Voice
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
LEC - Line Echo Cancellation
Line Echo
Canceller Tail
Length
Select the maximum number of milliseconds of an echo length (16 ms, 32 ms or
48 ms) the BM2022w can handle and eliminate the effect. An echo is normally
caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while
you talk. Select Disable to turn this feature off.
11.4 Region
Click VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Region to maintain settings that depend on which region of the
world the BM2022w is in.
Figure 102 VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Region
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 81 VoIP > Line 1 (or Line 2) > Region
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Country Profile
Select the place in which the BM2022w is located, USA (Default) or any other
country.
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Maintenance
12.1 Overview
Use these screens to manage and maintain your BM2022w.
12.1.1 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Remote Management Limitations
Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.
The IP address in the Secured Client IP field does not match the client IP address. If it does not
match, the BM2022w will disconnect the session immediately.
There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You
may only have one remote management session running at one time.
Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
• Use the BM2022w’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the BM2022w’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes. The BM2022w automatically
logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The
management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol used for exchanging management
information between network devices. SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Your
BM2022w supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and
monitor the BM2022w through the network. The BM2022w supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1)
and version two (SNMPv2). The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation.
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Note: SNMP is only available if TCP/IP is configured.
TR-069
TR-069 is an abbreviation of “Technical Reference 069”, a protocol designed to facilitate the remote
management of Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), such as the BM2022w. It can be managed
over a WAN by means of an Auto Configuration Server (ACS). TR-069 is based on sending Remote
Procedure Calls (RPCs) between the ACS and the client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible Markup
Language (XML) format over HTTP or HTTPS.
An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the BM2022w, modify its settings, perform
firmware upgrades, and monitor and diagnose it. In order to do so, you must enable the TR-069
feature on your BM2022w and then configure it appropriately. (The ACS server which it will use
must also be configured by its administrator.)
Figure 103 TR-069 Example
SIP
ACS
HTTP
In this example, the BM2022w receives data from at least 3 sources: A SIP server for handling
voice calls, an HTTP server for handling web services, and an ACS, for configuring the BM2022w
remotely. All three servers are owned and operated by the client’s Internet Service Provider.
However, without the configuration settings from the ACS, the BM2022w cannot access the other
two servers. Once the BM2022w receives its configuration settings and implements them, it can
connect to the other servers. If the settings change, it will once again be unable to connect until it
receives its updates from the ACS.
The BM2022w can be configured to periodically check for updates from the auto-configuration
server so that the end user need not be worried about it.
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SNMP
An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager.
Figure 104 SNMP Management Model
An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the BM2022w). An
agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form
compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform
network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed
devices.
The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of
information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include such as number of
packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of
managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing
these objects. The BM2022w supports MIB II that is defined in RFC-1213 and RFC-1215. The focus
of the MIBs is to let administrators collect statistical data and monitor status and performance.
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The
manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations:
• Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.
• GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an
agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it
initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.
• Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.
• Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.
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The BM2022w sends traps to the SNMP manager when any of the following events occurs:
Table 82 SNMP Traps
TRAP NAME
DESCRIPTION
coldStart (defined in RFC-1215)
A trap is sent after booting (power on).
warmStart (defined in RFC-1215)
A trap is sent after booting (software reboot).
authenticationFailure (defined in
RFC-1215)
A trap is sent to the manager when receiving any
SNMP get or set requirements with the wrong
community (password).
whyReboot
A trap is sent with the reason of restart before
rebooting when the system is going to restart (warm
start).
6a
For intentional reboot:
A trap is sent with the message "System reboot by
user!" if reboot is done intentionally, (for example,
download new files, CI command "sys reboot", etc.).
6b
For fatal error:
A trap is sent with the message of the fatal code if
the system reboots because of fatal errors.
TRAP #
OMA-DM
When the BM2022w initiates communication with the server (often times at start up or after the
first time you turn it on), the server uploads commands, new files (if any), and other information
used by a service provider to customize the BM2022w’s features.
Device management works as follows:
The server (A) sends out the query (1) to the BM2022w (B).
The BM2022w responds by sending back its credentials (2), to which the server responds with its
credentials along with a string of management operations (3).
The client responds to the management operations (4), perhaps confirming file alterations or
confirming receipt of file uploads and so on.
The server disconnects from the BM2022w once all of its management operations have been carried
out.
Figure 105 OMA-DM Data Management
OMA-DM Authentication
In order to ensure the integrity of the connection between an OMA-DM server and the BM2022w,
communication between the two is encoded using one of three common algorithms. They are not
intended to be used in lieu of proper digital security, but instead as a means of transmitting multiple
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disparate types of data over HTTP. Security encryption for communication is handled by different
processes configured elsewhere in the BM2022w’s web configurator
Basic Access Authentication – Sends a person’s user name and password in Base64. This
authentication protocol is supported by all browsers that are HTTP 1.0/1.1 compliant. Although
converted to Base64 for the sake of cross-compatibility, credentials are nonetheless passed
between the web browser and the server in plaintext, making it extremely easy to intercept and
read. As such, it is rarely used anymore.
Digest Access Authentication – This protocol was designed to replace basic access
authentication. Instead of encoding a user name and password in plaintext, this protocol uses what
is known as an MD5 message authentication code. It allows the server to issue a single-use,
randomly generated number (known as a ‘nonce’) to the client (in this case, the web browser),
which then uses the number as the ‘public key’ for encrypting its data. When the server receives
the encrypted data, it unlocks it using the ‘key’ that was just provided. While stronger than basic
access authentication, this protocol is not as strong as, say, HMAC, or as secure as the client using
a client-side private key encryption scheme.
Hash Message Authentication Code – Also known as HMAC, this code relies on cryptographic
hash functions to bolster an existing protocol, such as MD5. It is a method for generating a
stronger, significantly higher encryption key.
OMA-DM Data Model
Each device that conforms to the current OMA-DM standard has an identical data structure
embedded in its controlling firmware. This allows a similarly conforming OMA-DM server to navigate
the folder structure and to make file alterations where appropriate or required.
Figure 106 OMA-DM Data Model
Operator
MP3s
Root Folder
./
Vendor
Games
DMAcc
In the example data model shown here, the parent folders must conform to the OMA-DM standard.
The child folders, on the other hand, can be customized on an individual basis. This allows the
parent folders to all maintain a consistent URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) across all devices that
meet the OMA-DM standard’s requirements.
For example, in the preceding figure the URI for the “Games” folder is “./Vendor/Games/”. The “./
Vendor/” portion of the URI exists on all devices that conform to the OMA-DM standard. The
“Games” folder, however, may or may not exist depending on the services provided by the company
managing the device.
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Daytime
A network protocol used by devices for debugging and time measurement. A computer can use this
protocol to set its internal clock but only if it knows in which order the year, month, and day are
returned by the server. Not all servers use the same format.
Time
A network protocol for retrieving the current time from a server. The computer issuing the
command compares the time on its clock to the information returned by the server, adjusts itself
automatically for time zone differences, then calculates the difference and corrects itself if there
has been any temporal drift.
NTP
NTP stands for Network Time Protocol. It is employed by devices connected to the Internet in order
to obtain a precise time setting from an official time server. These time servers are accurate to
within 200 microseconds.
12.2 Password
Use this screen to set up admin and guest accounts for logging into and managing the WiMAX
Device. The “admin” user can access and configure all screens. The “guest” user can only perform
some basic settings such as viewing the system status information, configuring LAN, NAT, DDNS,
and Firewall settings and reset the BM2022w to factory defaults and restart the BM2022w.
Click Maintenance > Password to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 107 Password Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 83 Password
LABEL
186
DESCRIPTION
Group
Select the group for which you want to change the login password.
Old Password
Enter the old password for the login group.
New Password
Enter the new password for the login group.
Retype
Retype the new password for the login group.
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12.3 HTTP
Use this screen to allow remote access to the WiMAX Device from a network connection over HTTP.
Click Maintenance > Remote MGMT > HTTP to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 108 HTTP Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 84 HTTP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
HTTP Server
Enable
Select this to enable remote management using this service.
Port Number
Enter the port number this service can use to access the BM2022w. The
computer must use the same port number.
HTTPS Server
Enable
Select this to enable remote management using this service.
Port Number
Enter the port number this service can use to access the BM2022w. The
computer must use the same port number.
HTTP and HTTPS
Allow
Connection
from WAN
Select this to allow incoming connections from the WAN over either HTTP or
HTTPS.
HTTP Session Timeout
Session
Timeout
Enter the number of minutes (0-99) the BM2022w waits to delete an inactive
web connection (HTTP or HTTPS).
12.4 Telnet
Use this screen to allow remote access to the WiMAX Device from a network connection over Telnet.
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Click Maintenance > Remote MGMT > Telnet to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 109 Telnet Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 85 Telnet
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select this to enable remote management using this service.
Port Number
Enter the port number this service can use to access the BM2022w. The
computer must use the same port number.
Allow Connection
from WAN
Select this to allow connections using this service that originate on the WAN.
Allow Connection
from LAN
Select this to allow connection using this service that originate on the LAN.
12.5 SSH
Use this screen to allow remote access to the WiMAX Device from a network connection over SSH.
Click Maintenance > Remote MGMT > SSH to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 110 SSH Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 86 SSH
188
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select this to enable remote management using this service.
Port Number
Enter the port number this service can use to access the BM2022w. The
computer must use the same port number.
Allow Connection
from WAN
Select this to allow connections using this service that originate on the WAN.
Allow Connection
from LAN
Select this to allow connection using this service that originate on the LAN.
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12.6 SNMP
Use this screen to allow remote access to the WiMAX Device from a network connection over SNMP.
Click Maintenance > Remote MGMT > SNMP to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 111 SNMP Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 87 SNMP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select this to enable remote management using this service.
Location
Enter the location of the SNMP server (for example, “Engineering Dept., Floor 6,
Building A, New York City”).
Contact
Enter contact information for the administrator managing the SNMP server (for
example, “Bill Smith, IT Dept., (555) 555-5454”).
Read Community
Enter the password for the incoming Get and GetNext requests from the
management station. The default is public and allows all requests.
Write Community
Enter the password for incoming Set requests from the management station.
The default is public and allows all requests.
Trap Server
Enter the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.
Trap Community
Enter the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap to the
SNMP manager. The default is public and allows all requests.
12.7 CWMP
Use this screen to allow CWMP connections for remote management, firmware upgrades and
troubleshooting.
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Click Maintenance > Remote MGMT > CWMP to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 112 CWMP Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 88 CWMP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select this to enable remote management using this service.
ACS Server URL
Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server.
Bootstrap Enable
Select this to enable bootstrap events.
ACS Username
Enter the user name sent when the BM2022w connects to the ACS and which is
used for authentication.
You can enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores
but spaces are not allowed.
ACS Password
Enter the password sent when the BM2022w connects to an ACS and which is
used for authentication.
You can enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores
but spaces are not allowed.
Periodical Inform
Enable
Select this to allow the BM2022w to periodically connect to the ACS and check
for configuration updates.
If you do not enable this feature then the BM2022w can only be updated
automatically when the ACS initiates contact with it and if you selected the
checkbox on this screen.
Periodical Inform
Interval
Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the BM2022w connects to the autoconfiguration server.
Connection
Request
Username
Enter the connection request user name that the ACS must send to the
BM2022w when it requests a connection.
You can enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores
but spaces are not allowed.
Note: This must be provided by the ACS administrator.
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Table 88 CWMP (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Connection
Request Password
Enter the connection request password that the ACS must send to the BM2022w
when it requests a connection.
You can enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores
but spaces are not allowed.
Note: This must be provided by the ACS administrator.
CA Certificate File
Click Browse to upload a Certificate Authority (CA) certificate to the BM2022w.
CA Certificate
Info
This displays information about the currently active CA certificate.
Client Certificate
File
Click Browse to upload a client certificate to the BM2022w.
Client Certificate
Info
This displays information about the currently active client certificate.
12.8 OMA-DM
Use this screen to allow remote access to the WiMAX Device from a network connection over OMADM.
Click Maintenance > Remote MGMT > OMA-DM to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 113 OMA-DM Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 89 OMA-DM
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select this to enable remote management using this service.
Server URL
Enter the IP address or URL of the OMA-DM server that you intend to use to
manage this device.
Server Port
Enter the port number for the IP address of the OMA-DM server set up in the
preceding field.
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Table 89 OMA-DM (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Server Auth Type
Select the encryption algorithm scheme used by the OMA-DM server to
communicate with client devices. If the scheme selected here does not match
the actual scheme used by the server, then server will challenge the BM2022w to
automatically update its settings.
•
•
•
•
None - No authentication.
Basic - Server ID and Password are encoded using a Basic Access
Authentication Code.
Digest (MD5) - Server ID and Password are encoded using a Digest Access
Authentication Code.
HMAC - Server ID and Password are encoded using a keyed Hash Message
Authentication Code.
Server ID
Enter the identification code for the server. This is used by the BM2022w during
the communication handshake process to identify the server.
Server Password
Enter the password for the server’s identification code. This shared public key is
used by the BM2022w during the communication handshake process to identify
the server.
Server Nonce
The BM2022w and the OMA-DM server use nonces to authenticate each other if
you select MD5 as the authentication algorithm in the Server Auth Type field.
Nonce is an abbreviation of 'number used once'. It is normally a random or
pseudo-random number applied in an authentication protocol to protect existing
communications from being reused in ‘replay attacks’.
Type up to 20 digits for the OMA-DM server nonce.
Client Auth Type
Select the encryption algorithm scheme used by the OMA-DM server to
communicate with client devices. If the scheme selected here does not match
the actual scheme used by the server, then server will challenge the BM2022w to
automatically update its settings.
•
•
•
•
None - No authentication.
Basic - Server ID and Password are encoded using a Basic Access
Authentication Code.
Digest (MD5) - Server ID and Password are encoded using a Digest Access
Authentication Code.
HMAC - Server ID and Password are encoded using a keyed Hash Message
Authentication Code.
Note: Make sure that the scheme selected here matches the Server Auth Type.
Client ID
Enter the client name for the BM2022w.
Client Password
Enter the password for the BM2022w’s client name.
Client Nonce
The BM2022w and the OMA-DM server use nonces to authenticate each other if
you select MD5 as the authentication algorithm in the Client Auth Type field.
Type up to 20 digits for the OMA-DM client nonce.
Periodical ClientInitiated Enable
Select this to allow the BM2022w to periodically connect to the OMA-DM server
and check for configuration updates.
If you do not enable this feature then the BM2022w can only be updated
automatically when the OM-DM server initiates contact with it and if you selected
the checkbox on this screen.
Periodical ClientInitiated Interval
192
Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the BM2022w connects to the OMADM server.
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12.9 Date
Use these settings to set the system time or configure an NTP server for automatic time
synchronization.
Click Maintenance > Date/Time > Date to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 114 Date Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 90 Date
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Manual
New Time
Enter the new time in this field.
New Date
Enter the new date in this field.
Get from Time Server
Time Protocol
Select the time service protocol that your time server uses.Check with your ISP
or network administrator, or use trial-and-error to find a protocol that works.
•
Time Server
Address 1~4
NTP (RFC 1305) - This format is similar to Time (RFC 868).
Enter the IP address or URL of your time server. Check with your ISP or network
administrator if you are unsure of this information.
12.10 Time Zone
Use this screen to set the time zone in which the WiMAX device is physically located.
Click Maintenance > Date/Time > Time Zone to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 115 Time Zone Screen
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This screen contains the following fields:
Table 91 Time Zone
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Time Zone
Select the time zone at your location.
Enable Daylight
Savings Time
Select this if your location uses daylight savings time. Daylight savings is a
period from late spring to early fall when many places set their clocks ahead of
normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.
Start Date
Enter which hour on which day of which week of which month daylight-savings
time starts.
End Date
Enter which hour on the which day of which week of which month daylightsavings time ends.
12.11 Upgrade File
Use this screen to browse to a firmware file on a local computer and upload it to the WiMAX Device.
Firmware files usually use the system model name with a "*.bin" extension, such as
"BM2022w.bin". The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to
two minutes. After a successful upload, the system restarts.
Contact your service provider for information on available firmware upgrades.
Note: Only use firmware for your BM2022w’s specific model.
Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade > Upgrade File to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 116 Upgrade File Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 92 Upgrade File
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Upgrade File
Click Browse then browse to the location of a firmware upgrade file and select
it.
Upgrade
Click this to begin uploading the selected file. This may take up to two minutes.
Note: Do not turn off the device while firmware upload is in progress!
12.11.1 The Firmware Upload Process
When the BM2022w uploads new firmware, the process usually takes about two minutes. The
device also automatically restarts in this time. This causes a temporary network disconnect.
Note: Do not turn off the device while firmware upload is in progress!
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After two minutes, log in again, and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. You
might have to open a new browser window to log in.
If the upload is not successful, you will be notified by error message.
12.12 Upgrade Link
Use this screen to set the URL of a firmware file on a remote computer and upload it to the WiMAX
Device.
Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade > Upgrade Link to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 117 Upgrade Link Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 93 Upgrade Link
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Upgrade Link
Enter the URL or IP address of the firmware’s upgrade location on the network.
Upgrade
Click this to begin uploading the selected file. This may take up to two minutes.
Note: Do not turn off the device while firmware upload is in progress!
12.13 CWMP Upgrade
Use this screen to upgrade the firmware on the WiMAX Device using CWMP Request Download.
Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade > CWMP Upgrade to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 118 CWMP Upgrade Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 94 CWMP Upgrade
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Upgrade
Click this to begin upgrading firmware using CWMP Request. This may take up to
two minutes.
Note: Do not turn off the device while firmware upload is in progress!
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12.14 Backup
Use this screen to backup your current WiMAX Device settings to a local computer.
Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore > Backup to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 119 Backup/Restore Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 95 Backup/Restore
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Backup
Click this to save the BM2022w’s current configuration to a file on your computer.
Once your device is configured and functioning properly, it is highly
recommended that you back up your configuration file before making
configuration changes. The backup configuration file is useful if you need to
return to your previous settings.
12.15 Restore
Use this screen to restore your WiMAX Device settings from a backup file on a local computer.
Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore > Restore to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 120 Restore Screen
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This screen contains the following fields:
Table 96 Restore
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Configuration File
Click Choose File then browse to the location of a firmware upgrade file and
select it.
Click File Restore to upload the specified configuration to the BM2022w and
replace the current settings.
Backup
Configuration File
URL
Enter the URL or IP address of the backup configuration file’s location on the
network.
Click URL Restore to upload the specified configuration to the BM2022w and
replace the current settings.
12.15.1 The Restore Configuration Process
When the BM2022w restores a configuration file, the device automatically restarts. This causes a
temporary network disconnect.
Note: Do not turn off the device while configuration file upload is in progress.
If the BM2022w’s IP address is different in the configuration file you selected, you may need to
change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default
management IP address (192.168.5.1). See the Quick Start Guide or the appendices for details on
how to set up your computer’s IP address.
You might have to open a new browser to log in again.
If the upload was not successful, you are notified with an error message.
12.16 Factory Defaults
Use this screen to restore the WiMAX Device to its factory default settings.
Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore > Factory Defaults to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 121 Factory Defaults Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 97 Factory Defaults
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Reset
Click this to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the
BM2022w to its factory defaults. There is no warning screen.
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12.17 Log Setting
Use this screen to configure which type of events on the WiMAX Device are logged.
Click Maintenance > LOG > Log Setting to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 122 Log Setting Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 98 Log Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable Log
Select this to have the BM2022w log network activity according to the selected
Log Level.
Log Level
Select the type of logs to record.
Enable Remote
Log
Select this to allow logs to be recorded and stored on a remote logs server.
Remote Log Host
Enter the remote log host IP address if Enable Remote Log is selected.
Remote Log Port
Enter the remote log host port if Enable Remote Log is selected.
12.18 Log Display
Use this screen to view the log messages of the WiMAX Device.
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Click Maintenance > LOG > Log Display to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 123 Log Display Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 99 Log Display
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Display Level
Select the type of logs to display from this menu.
Refresh
Click this to refresh the logs in the display window.
12.19 Ping Test
Use this screen to test network connectivity using ping.
Click Maintenance > Network Test > Ping to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 124 Ping Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 100 Ping
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Address
Enter the IP address or domain name of a target device to which this test will
send.
Ping
Click this to start the test. The result will show at the bottom of the screen.
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12.20 Traceroute Test
Use this screen to test network connectivity using traceroute.
Click Maintenance > Network Test > Traceroute to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 125 Traceroute Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 101 Traceroute
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Address
Enter the IP address or domain name of a target device to which this test will
send.
Traceroute
Click this to start the test. The result will show at the bottom of the screen.
12.21 About
This screen displays information about the BM2022w that can be useful when upgrading firmware,
considering deployment options, and working with technical support if the device encounters
difficulties.
Click Maintenance > About to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 126 About Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 102 About
200
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Model
Name
This field displays the BM2022w system name. It is used for identification.
Software Version
This field displays the Web Configurator software version that the BM2022w is
currently running.
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Table 102 About (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
CROM Version
This field displays the CROM version number.
Firmware Version
This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device.
Firmware Date
This field displays the date the firmware version was created.
Bootloader
Version
This field displays the bootloader version.
12.22 Reboot
Use this screen to perform a software restart of the WiMAX Device. You may log in again within a
few minutes of using the reboot button.
Click Maintenance > Reboot to open this screen as shown next.
Figure 127 Reboot Screen
This screen contains the following fields:
Table 103 Reboot
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Reboot
Click this button to have the device perform a software restart. The Power LED
blinks as it restarts and the shines steadily if the restart is successful.
Note: Wait one minute before logging back into the BM2022w after a restart.
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13
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential
problems are divided into the following categories:
• Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
• BM2022w Access and Login
• Internet Access
• Reset the BM2022w to Its Factory Defaults
13.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The BM2022w does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
Make sure you are using the power adapter or cord included with the BM2022w.
Make sure the power adapter or cord is connected to the BM2022w and plugged in to an
appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter or cord to the BM2022w.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.2.1 on page 19 for more
information.
Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter to the BM2022w.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
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13.2 BM2022w Access and Login
I forgot the IP address for the BM2022w.
The default IP address is http://192.168.1.1192.168.1.1.
If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the BM2022w
by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows
computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default
Gateway might be the IP address of the BM2022w (it depends on the network), so enter this IP
address in your Internet browser.
If this does not work, you have to reset the BM2022w to its factory defaults. See Section 12.16 on
page 197.
I forgot the password.
The default password is 1234.
If this does not work, you have to reset the BM2022w to its factory defaults. See Section 12.16 on
page 197.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1http://192.168.1.1.
• If you changed the IP address (Section 7.6 on page 102), use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I
forgot the IP address for the BM2022w.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 1.2.1 on page 19.
Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java
enabled. See Appendix C on page 243.
If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address.
Your BM2022w is a DHCP server by default.
If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same
subnet as the BM2022w. See Appendix D on page 253.
204
Reset the BM2022w to its factory defaults, and try to access the BM2022w with the default IP
address. See Chapter 2 on page 21.
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If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Try to access the BM2022w using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the
BM2022w, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the
BM2022w does not respond to HTTP.
• If your computer is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET
port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the BM2022w.
Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default user name is
admin, and the default password is 1234. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps
Lock] is not on.
You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the BM2022w.
Log out of the BM2022w in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter or cord to the BM2022w.
If this does not work, you have to reset the BM2022w to its factory defaults. See Section 12.16 on
page 197.
I cannot Telnet to the BM2022w.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web
configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
13.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 1.2.1 on page 19.
Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are casesensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
Check your security settings. See Chapter 8 on page 129.
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Check your WiMAX settings. The BM2022w may have been set to search the wrong frequencies for
a wireless connection. See Chapter 6 on page 69. If you are unsure of the correct values, contact
your service provider.
If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless
client are the same as the settings in the AP.
Disconnect all the cables from your BM2022w, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide
again.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet any more. I had access to the Internet (with the BM2022w), but
my Internet connection is not available any more.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 1.2.1 on page 19.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter to the BM2022w.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
The quality of the BM2022w’s wireless connection to the base station may be poor. Poor signal
reception may be improved by moving the BM2022w away from thick walls and other obstructions,
or to a higher floor in your building.
There may be radio interference caused by nearby electrical devices such as microwave ovens and
radio transmitters. Move the BM2022w away or switch the other devices off. Weather conditions
may also affect signal quality.
There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.2.1 on page
19. If the BM2022w is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use
the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter to the BM2022w.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
The Internet connection disconnects.
206
Check your WiMAX link and signal strength using the Strength Indicator LEDs on the device.
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Contact your ISP if the problem persists.
13.4 Reset the BM2022w to Its Factory Defaults
If you reset the BM2022w, you lose all of the changes you have made. The BM2022w re-loads its
default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again.
You will lose all of your changes when you push the Reset button.
To reset the BM2022w,
Make sure the Power LED is on and not blinking.
Press and hold the Reset button for five to ten seconds. Release the Reset button when the
Power LED begins to blink. The default settings have been restored.
If the BM2022w restarts automatically, wait for the BM2022w to finish restarting, and log in to the
web configurator. The password is “1234”.
If the BM2022w does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the BM2022w’s power.
Then, follow the directions above again.
13.4.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
Please see Appendix C on page 243.
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14
Product Specifications
This chapter gives details about your BM2022w’s hardware and firmware features.
Table 104 Environmental and Hardware Specifications
FEATURE
DESCRIPTION
Operating Temperature
0°C to 45°C
Storage Temperature
-25°C to 55°C
Operating Humidity
10% ~ 95% (non-condensing)
Storage Humidity
10% to 95% (non-condensing)
Power Supply
12V DC, 2A
Power consumption
Less than 20W
Ethernet Interface
Two auto-negotiating, auto-MDI/MDI-X NWay 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet ports
Telephony Interface
Two analog ATA interfaces for standard telephones through RJ-11 FXS (Foreign
Exchange Subscriber) analog connector
Antennas
Two 7 +/- 0.5dBi Omni directional antennas
Weight
600 g
Dimensions
165 mm (W) x 25 mm (D) x 260 mm (H)
Certification
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FCC
Comply with WiMAX Forum Wave II standard.
WEEE Eco directive 2002/95/EC. Full RoHS (6/6)
2002/96/EC (WEEE) (WEEE) Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Directive
EEE (Proposal for Directive on Environmental Impacts of Electrical and
Electronic Equipment).
Reach Compliance
EMC
o EN 301 489-1 and EN 301 489-17. Emission class B.
RF ETSI
o EN 302 326
Safety
o IEC 60950-1 and EN 60950-1.
Table 105 Radio Specifications
FEATURE
DESCRIPTION
Media Access Protocol
IEEE 802.16e
WiMAX Bandwidth
2.5 GHz
Data Rate
Aggregate throughput: up to 20 mbps
Upload: 7 mbps
Modulation
QPSK (uplink and downlink)
16-QAM (uplink and downlink)
64-QAM (downlink only)
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Table 105 Radio Specifications (continued)
Output Power
Typically 26.5 dBm with internal antennas
Duplex mode
Time Division Duplex (TDD)
Security
PKMv2
EAP-TTLS/CHAP/PAP/MSCHAP/MSCHAPv2
CMAC message authentication
CCM mode 128-bit AES data ciphering
Device authentication
WiMAX Forum X.509 certificates
Table 106 Firmware Specifications
210
FEATURE
DESCRIPTION
Web-based Configuration and
Management Tool
Also known as “the web configurator”, this is a firmware-based management
solution for the BM2022w. You must connect using a compatible web browser
in order to use it.
High Speed Wireless Internet
Access
The BM2022w is ideal for high-speed wireless Internet browsing.
Firewall
The BM2022w is a stateful inspection firewall with DoS (Denial of Service)
protection. By default, when the firewall is activated, all incoming traffic from
the WAN to the LAN is blocked unless it is initiated from the LAN. The
BM2022w’s firewall supports TCP/UDP inspection, DoS detection and
prevention, real time alerts, reports and logs.
Content Filtering
The BM2022w can block access to web sites containing specified keywords.
You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled
and include or exclude a range of users on the LAN from content filtering.
Network Address Translation
(NAT)
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet
protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP address
used in a local network) to a different IP address known within another
network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet).
Universal Plug and Play
(UPnP)
Your device and other UPnP enabled devices can use the standard TCP/IP
protocol to dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address and convey their
capabilities to each other.
Dynamic DNS Support
With Dynamic DNS support, you can have a static hostname alias for a
dynamic IP address, allowing the host to be more easily accessible from
various locations on the Internet. You must register for this service with a
Dynamic DNS service provider.
DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows the individual clients
(computers) to obtain the TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a centralized
DHCP server. Your device has built-in DHCP server capability enabled by
default. It can assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to
DHCP clients. Your device can also act as a surrogate DHCP server (DHCP
Relay) where it relays IP address assignment from the actual real DHCP server
to the clients.
IP Alias
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into logical networks over
the same Ethernet interface. Your device supports three logical LAN interfaces
via its single physical Ethernet interface with the your device itself as the
gateway for each LAN network.
Multiple SIP Accounts
You can configure multiple voice (SIP) accounts.
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless
networking standard providing high-bandwidth, wide-range secured wireless
service. The BM2022w is a WiMAX mobile station (MS) compatible with the
IEEE 802.16e standard.
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Table 106 Firmware Specifications (continued)
FEATURE
DESCRIPTION
SIP ALG
Your device is a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). It allows VoIP calls to
pass through NAT for devices behind it (such as a SIP-based VoIP software
application on a computer).
Dynamic Jitter Buffer
The built-in adaptive buffer helps to smooth out the variations in delay (jitter)
for voice traffic (up to 60 ms). This helps ensure good voice quality for your
conversations.
Voice Activity Detection/
Silence Suppression
Voice Activity Detection (VAD) reduces the bandwidth that a call uses by not
transmitting when you are not speaking.
Comfort Noise Generation
Your device generates background noise to fill moments of silence when the
other device in a call stops transmitting because the other party is not
speaking (as total silence could easily be mistaken for a lost connection).
Echo Cancellation
You device supports G.168 of at least 24 ms.
This an ITU-T standard for eliminating the echo caused by the sound of your
voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.
Time and Date
Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your
BM2022w. You can also set the time manually.
Logging
Use the BM2022w’s logging feature to view connection history, surveillance
logs, and error messages.
Codecs
G.711 (PCM ì-law and
Fax Support
T.38 FAX relay (FAX over UDP).
a-law), G729, G.729a
G.711 fax relay for fax calls and be able to renegotiate codec to G.711 if a fax
call is detected.
Ring Tones
Supports different distinctive ring tones on each line.
Call Prioritization
Prioritize VoIP traffic originating from the RJ-11 ports over any other traffic.
Table 107 Standards Supported
STANDARD
DESCRIPTION
RFC 768
User Datagram Protocol
RFC 791
Internet Protocol v4
RFC 792
Internet Control Message Protocol
RFC 792
Transmission Control Protocol
RFC 826
Address Resolution Protocol
RFC 854
Telnet Protocol
RFC 1112
IGMPv2
RFC 1349
Type of Service Protocol
RFC 1706
DNS NSAP Resource Records
RFC 1889
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
RFC 1890
Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)
RFC 2030
Simple Network Time Protocol
RFC 2104
HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
RFC 2236
IGMPv2
RFC 2131
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
RFC 2401
Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol
RFC 2409
Internet Key Exchange
RFC 2475
Architecture for Differentiated Services (Diffserv)
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Table 107 Standards Supported (continued)
STANDARD
DESCRIPTION
RFC 2543
SIP Protocol
RFC 2617
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication
RFC 2782
A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)
RFC 2833
Real-time Transport Protocol Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony
Signals
RFC 2976
The SIP INFO Method
RFC 3261
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP version 2)
RFC 3262
Reliability of Provisional Responses in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).
RFC 3263
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP Servers
RFC 3264
An Offer/Answer Model with the Session Description Protocol (SDP)
RFC 3265
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event Notification
RFC 3323
A Privacy Mechanism for SIP
RFC 3325
Private Extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Asserted Identity within
Trusted Networks
RFC 3489
NAT Traversal - STUN
RFC 3550
RTP - A Real Time Protocol for Real-Time Applications
RFC 3581
An Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Symmetric Response Routing
RFC 3611
RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)-XR
RFC 3715
IP Sec/NAT Compatibility
RFC 3842
A Message Summary and Message Waiting Indication Event Package for the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP)
IEEE 802.3
10BASE5 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s)
IEEE 802.3u
100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4, 100BASE-FX Fast Ethernet at 100 Mbit/s (12.5 MB/s) with autonegotiation
Table 108 Voice Features
Call Park and Pickup
Call park and pickup lets you put a call on hold (park) and then continue the call
(pickup). The caller must still pay while the call is parked.
When you park the call, you enter a number of your choice (up to eight digits), which
you must enter again when you pick up the call. If you do not enter the correct number,
you cannot pickup the call. This means that only someone who knows the number you
have chosen can pick up the call.
You can have more than one call on hold at the same time, but you must give each call
a different number.
212
Call Return
With call return, you can place a call to the last number that called you (either
answered or missed). The last incoming call can be through either SIP or PSTN.
Country Code
Phone standards and settings differ from one country to another, so the settings on
your BM2022w must be configured to match those of the country you are in. The
country code feature allows you to do this by selecting the country from a list rather
than changing each setting manually. Configure the country code feature when you
move the BM2022w from one country to another.
Do not Disturb
(DnD)
This feature allows you to set your phone not to ring when someone calls you. You can
set each phone independently using its keypad, or configure global settings for all
phones using the command line interpreter.
Auto Dial
You can set the BM2022w to automatically dial a specified number immediately
whenever you lift a phone off the hook. Use the Web Configurator to set the specified
number. Use the command line interpreter to have the BM2022w wait a specified length
of time before dialing the number.
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Chapter 14 Product Specifications
Table 108 Voice Features
Phone config
The phone configuration table allows you to customize the phone keypad combinations
you use to access certain features on the BM2022w, such as call waiting, call return,
call forward, etc. The phone configuration table is configurable in command interpreter
mode.
Firmware update
enable / disable
If your service provider uses this feature, you hear a recorded message when you pick
up the phone when new firmware is available for your BM2022w. Enter *99# in your
phone’s keypad to have the BM2022w upgrade the firmware, or enter #99# to not
upgrade. If your service provider gave you different numbers to use, enter them
instead. If you enter the code to not upgrade, you can make a call as normal. You will
hear the recording again each time you pick up the phone, until you upgrade.
Call waiting
This feature allows you to hear an alert when you are already using the phone and
another person calls you. You can then either reject the new incoming call, put your
current call on hold and receive the new incoming call, or end the current call and
receive the new incoming call.
Call forwarding
With this feature, you can set the BM2022w to forward calls to a specified number,
either unconditionally (always), when your number is busy, or when you do not answer.
You can also forward incoming calls from one specified number to another.
Caller ID
The BM2022w supports caller ID, which allows you to see the originating number of an
incoming call (on a phone with a suitable display).
REN
A Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) is used to determine the number of devices (like
telephones or fax machines) that may be connected to the telephone line. Your device
has a REN of three, so it can support three devices per telephone port.
QoS (Quality of
Service)
Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms help to provide better service on a per-flow basis.
Your device supports Type of Service (ToS) tagging and Differentiated Services
(DiffServ) tagging. This allows the device to tag voice frames so they can be prioritized
over the network.
SIP ALG
Your device is a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). It allows VoIP calls to pass
through NAT for devices behind it (such as a SIP-based VoIP software application on a
computer).
Other Voice
Features
SIP version 2 (Session Initiating Protocol RFC 3261)
SDP (Session Description Protocol RFC 2327)
RTP (RFC 1889)
RTCP (RFC 1890)
Voice codecs (coder/decoders) G.711, G.726, G.729
Fax and data modem discrimination
DTMF Detection and Generation
DTMF: In-band and Out-band traffic (RFC 2833),(PCM), (SIP INFO)
Point-to-point call establishment between two IADs
Quick dialing through predefined phone book, which maps the phone dialing number
and destination URL.
Flexible Dial Plan (RFC3525 section 7.1.14)
Table 109 Star (*) and Pound (#) Code Support
*0
Wireless Operator Services
*2
Customer Care Access
*66
Repeat Dialing
*67
Plus the 10 digit phone number to block Caller ID on a single call basis
*69
Return last call received
*70
Followed by the 10 digit phone number to cancel Call Waiting on a single call basis
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Chapter 14 Product Specifications
Table 109 Star (*) and Pound (#) Code Support
*72
Activate Call Forwarding (*72 followed by the 10 digit phone number that is requesting call
forwarding service)
*720
Activate Call Forwarding (*720 followed by the 10 digit phone number that is requesting
deactivation of call forwarding service)
*73
Plus the forward to phone number to activate Call Forwarding No Answer (no VM service plan)
*730
Deactivate Call Forwarding No Answer
*740
Plus the forward to phone number to activate Call Forwarding Busy (no VM service plan)
*911/911
Emergency phone number (same as dialing 911)
*411/411
Wireless Information Services
Note: To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available through the
BM2022w's phone port, you may need to subscribe to the services from your voice
account service provider.
Not all features are supported by all service providers. Consult your service
provider for more information.
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A PPENDI X
WiMAX Security
Wireless security is vital to protect your wireless communications. Without it, information
transmitted over the wireless network would be accessible to any networking device within range.
User Authentication and Data Encryption
The WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) standard employs user authentication and encryption to ensure secured
communication at all times.
User authentication is the process of confirming a user’s identity and level of authorization. Data
encryption is the process of encoding information so that it cannot be read by anyone who does not
know the code.
WiMAX uses PKMv2 (Privacy Key Management version 2) for authentication, and CCMP (Counter
Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Protocol) for data encryption.
WiMAX supports EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) which allows additional
authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the base station or the mobile or
subscriber stations.
PKMv2
PKMv2 is a procedure that allows authentication of a mobile or subscriber station and negotiation of
a public key to encrypt traffic between the MS/SS and the base station. PKMv2 uses standard EAP
methods such as Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) or Tunneled TLS (EAP-TTLS) for secure
communication.
In cryptography, a ‘key’ is a piece of information, typically a string of random numbers and letters,
that can be used to ‘lock’ (encrypt) or ‘unlock’ (decrypt) a message. Public key encryption uses key
pairs, which consist of a public (freely available) key and a private (secret) key. The public key is
used for encryption and the private key is used for decryption. You can decrypt a message only if
you have the private key. Public key certificates (or ‘digital IDs’) allow users to verify each other’s
identity.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and
accounting. The base station is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server
handles the following tasks:
• Authentication
Determines the identity of the users.
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• Authorization
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the
network.
• Accounting
Keeps track of the client’s network activity.
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your base station acts as a message relay between
the MS/SS and the network RADIUS server.
Types of RADIUS Messages
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the base station and the RADIUS
server for user authentication:
• Access-Request
Sent by an base station requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject
Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept
Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
• Access-Challenge
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The base station
sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message.
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the base station and the RADIUS
server for user accounting:
• Accounting-Request
Sent by the base station requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response
Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret
key, which is a password they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the
shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from
unauthorized access.
Diameter
Diameter (RFC 3588) is a type of AAA server that provides several improvements over RADIUS in
efficiency, security, and support for roaming.
Security Association
The set of information about user authentication and data encryption between two computers is
known as a security association (SA). In a WiMAX network, the process of security association has
three stages.
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• Authorization request and reply
The MS/SS presents its public certificate to the base station. The base station verifies the
certificate and sends an authentication key (AK) to the MS/SS.
• Key request and reply
The MS/SS requests a transport encryption key (TEK) which the base station generates and
encrypts using the authentication key.
• Encrypted traffic
The MS/SS decrypts the TEK (using the authentication key). Both stations can now securely
encrypt and decrypt the data flow.
CCMP
All traffic in a WiMAX network is encrypted using CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining
Message Authentication Protocol). CCMP is based on the 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES) algorithm.
‘Counter mode’ refers to the encryption of each block of plain text with an arbitrary number, known
as the counter. This number changes each time a block of plain text is encrypted. Counter mode
avoids the security weakness of repeated identical blocks of encrypted text that makes encrypted
data vulnerable to pattern-spotting.
‘Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication’ (also known as CBC-MAC) ensures message
integrity by encrypting each block of plain text in such a way that its encryption is dependent on the
block before it. This series of ‘chained’ blocks creates a message authentication code (MAC or
CMAC) that ensures the encrypted data has not been tampered with.
Authentication
The BM2022w supports EAP-TTLS authentication.
EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)
EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the serverside authentications to establish a secure connection (with EAP-TLS digital certifications are needed
by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication). Client authentication is then
done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is
protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication
methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
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A PPENDI X
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
Note: Your specific Huawei device may not support all of the operating systems described
in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which
operating systems are supported.
This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be
able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/
OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on
your computer.
If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network’s
computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.
In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:
• Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 220
• Windows Vista on page 223
• Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 227
• Mac OS X: 10.5 on page 230
• Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 233
• Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 238
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Windows XP/NT/2000
The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows
2000 and Windows NT.
Click Start > Control Panel.
Figure 128 Windows XP: Start Menu
In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.
Figure 129 Windows XP: Control Panel
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Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Figure 130 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties
On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.
Figure 131 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties
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The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.
Figure 132 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP
address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default
gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network
administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS
server, if that information was provided.
Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.Verifying Settings
Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network
connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection
information.
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Windows Vista
This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.
Click Start > Control Panel.
Figure 133 Windows Vista: Start Menu
In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.
Figure 134 Windows Vista: Control Panel
Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.
Figure 135 Windows Vista: Network And Internet
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Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
Click Manage network connections.
Figure 136 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center
Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Figure 137 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center
Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying
that it needs your permission to continue.
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Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
Figure 138 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties
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The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
Figure 139 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP
address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default
gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network
administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS
server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced.
Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.Verifying Settings
Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network
connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection
information.
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Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.
Click Apple > System Preferences.
Figure 140 Mac OS X 10.4: Apple Menu
In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.
Figure 141 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences
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When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network
connection type list, and then click Configure.
Figure 142 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences
For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP
tab.
Figure 143 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab.
228
For statically assigned settings, do the following:
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Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
• From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.
• In the IP Address field, type your IP address.
• In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.
• In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.
Figure 144 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet
Click Apply Now and close the window.Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then
selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab.
Figure 145 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility
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Mac OS X: 10.5
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5.
Click Apple > System Preferences.
Figure 146 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu
In System Preferences, click the Network icon.
Figure 147 Mac OS X 10.5: Systems Preferences
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When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection
types.
Figure 148 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet
From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.
For statically assigned settings, do the following:
• From the Configure list, select Manually.
• In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.
• In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
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• In the Router field, enter the IP address of your BM2022w.
Figure 149 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet
232
Click Apply and close the window.
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Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then
selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab.
Figure 150 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility
Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model
Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file
locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual
configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:
Click System > Administration > Network.
Figure 151 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu
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When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By
default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your
configuration unless you first enter your admin password.
Figure 152 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections
In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the
Authenticate button.
Figure 153 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication
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In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click
Properties.
Figure 154 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections
The Properties dialog box opens.
Figure 155 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Properties
• In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP
address.
• In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the
IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields.
Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network
Settings screen.
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If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window
and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
Figure 156 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS
236
Click the Close button to apply the changes.
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Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then
selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics
column shows data if your connection is working properly.
Figure 157 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools
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Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop
Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file
locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual
configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:
Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).
Figure 158 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu
When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.
Figure 159 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu
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When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the
Network Card icon.
Figure 160 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center
When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate
connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button.
Figure 161 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings
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When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab
Figure 162 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup
Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.
Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,
Subnet mask, and Hostname fields.
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Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
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Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings
and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
Figure 163 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings
Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.
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Verifying Settings
Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the
Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information.
Figure 164 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager
When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to
see if your connection is working properly.
Figure 165 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager
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A PPENDI X
Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java
Permissions
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer
versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow
pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.
Disable Pop-up Blockers
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 166 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
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Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any
web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
Figure 167 Internet Options: Privacy
Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
244
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
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Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
Figure 168 Internet Options: Privacy
Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the
prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
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Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Figure 169 Pop-up Blocker Settings
Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScript
If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScript
is allowed.
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Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 170 Internet Options: Security
Click the Custom Level... button.
Scroll down to Scripting.
Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
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Click OK to close the window.
Figure 171 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
248
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Click the Custom Level... button.
Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
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Click OK to close the window.
Figure 172 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab.
Make sure that Use Java 2 for  under Java (Sun) is selected.
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Click OK to close the window.
Figure 173 Java (Sun)
Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary.
You can enable Java, Javascript and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the
screen that appears.
Figure 174 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options
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Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Figure 175 Mozilla Firefox Content Security
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A PPENDI X
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same
way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common
network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has
its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are
delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation. Each of these four parts
is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192
in decimal notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in
decimal.
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Appendix D IP Addresses and Subnetting
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are
the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Figure 176 Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according
to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are
part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP
address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit
in the IP address is part of the host ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host
ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
Table 110 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example
1ST OCTET: 2ND
OCTET:
(192)
(168)
3RD
OCTET:
(1)
4TH OCTET
(2)
IP Address (Binary)
11000000
10101000
00000001
00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Network Number
11000000
10101000
00000001
Host ID
00000010
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the
leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
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Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value).
For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24
bits are zeroes.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following
examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Table 111 Subnet Masks
BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST
OCTET
2ND
OCTET
3RD
OCTET
4TH OCTET
8-bit mask
11111111
00000000
00000000
00000000
255.0.0.0
16-bit mask
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
255.255.0.0
24-bit mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
255.255.255.0
29-bit mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111000
255.255.255.248
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have
on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of
remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit
subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that
network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of
possible hosts in a network as follows:
Table 112 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK
HOST ID SIZE
8 bits
24 bits
16 bits
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
16 bits
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS
224 – 2
16
–2
16777214
65534
24 bits
255.255.255.0
8 bits
2 –2
254
29 bits
255.255.255.24
3 bits
23 – 2
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/”
followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
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The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Table 113 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK
ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION
LAST OCTET
(BINARY)
LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0
/24
0000 0000
255.255.255.128
/25
1000 0000
128
255.255.255.192
/26
1100 0000
192
255.255.255.224
/27
1110 0000
224
255.255.255.240
/28
1111 0000
240
255.255.255.248
/29
1111 1000
248
255.255.255.252
/30
1111 1100
252
Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example
a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the
company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum
of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Figure 177 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate subnetworks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25
and 192.168.1.128 /25.
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The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two subnetworks, A and B.
Figure 178 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126
possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s
broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask
255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to
an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two
subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID
bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all
zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
Table 114 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address (Decimal)
192.168.1.
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
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Table 114 Subnet 1 (continued)
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
Table 115 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
64
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
01000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Table 116 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
128
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 117 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
192
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
11000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111).
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The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Table 118 Eight Subnets
SUBNET
SUBNET
ADDRESS
FIRST ADDRESS
LAST
ADDRESS
BROADCAST
ADDRESS
30
31
32
33
62
63
64
65
94
95
96
97
126
127
128
129
158
159
160
161
190
191
192
193
222
223
224
225
254
255
Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.
Table 119 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. SUBNETS
NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
255.255.255.128 (/25)
126
255.255.255.192 (/26)
62
255.255.255.224 (/27)
30
255.255.255.240 (/28)
16
14
255.255.255.248 (/29)
32
255.255.255.252 (/30)
64
255.255.255.254 (/31)
128
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.
Table 120 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. SUBNETS
NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
255.255.128.0 (/17)
32766
255.255.192.0 (/18)
16382
255.255.224.0 (/19)
8190
255.255.240.0 (/20)
16
4094
255.255.248.0 (/21)
32
2046
255.255.252.0 (/22)
64
1022
255.255.254.0 (/23)
128
510
255.255.255.0 (/24)
256
254
255.255.255.128 (/25)
512
126
10
255.255.255.192 (/26)
1024
62
11
255.255.255.224 (/27)
2048
30
12
255.255.255.240 (/28)
4096
14
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Table 120 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued)
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. SUBNETS
NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
13
255.255.255.248 (/29)
8192
14
255.255.255.252 (/30)
16384
15
255.255.255.254 (/31)
32768
Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses
specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You
must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the BM2022w.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your BM2022w that is easy
to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is
using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your BM2022w will
compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need
to change the subnet mask computed by the BM2022w unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
• 172.16.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
— 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the
guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address
Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
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IP Address Conflicts
Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on
the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also
be unreachable through the network.
Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a
static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to
computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by
assigning a different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address
automatically.
Figure 179 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network
numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the router’s LAN
and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are
on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot
route between networks.
Figure 180 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
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Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and
the router’s LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the
Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the
router’s LAN port.
Figure 181 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
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A PPENDIX
Importing Certificates
This appendix shows you how to import public key certificates into your web browser.
Public key certificates are used by web browsers to ensure that a secure web site is legitimate.
When a certificate authority such as VeriSign, Comodo, or Network Solutions, to name a few,
receives a certificate request from a website operator, they confirm that the web domain and
contact information in the request match those on public record with a domain name registrar. If
they match, then the certificate is issued to the website operator, who then places it on the site to
be issued to all visiting web browsers to let them know that the site is legitimate.
Many Huawei products issue their own public key certificates. These can be used by web browsers
on a LAN or WAN to verify that they are in fact connecting to the legitimate device and not one
masquerading as it. However, because the certificates were not issued by one of the several
organizations officially recognized by the most common web browsers, you will need to import the
Huawei-created certificate into your web browser and flag that certificate as a trusted authority.
Note: You can see if you are browsing on a secure website if the URL in your web
browser’s address bar begins with https:// or there is a sealed padlock icon
) somewhere in the main browser window (not all browsers show the padlock
in the same location.)
In this appendix, you can import a public key certificate for:
• Internet Explorer on page 264
• Firefox on page 272
• Opera on page 277
• Konqueror on page 284
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Internet Explorer
The following example uses Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 on Windows XP Professional; however,
they can also apply to Internet Explorer on Windows Vista.
If your device’s web configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it
you are presented with a certification error.
Figure 182 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error
Click Continue to this website (not recommended).
Figure 183 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error
In the Address Bar, click Certificate Error > View certificates.
Figure 184 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Error
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In the Certificate dialog box, click Install Certificate.
Figure 185 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate
In the Certificate Import Wizard, click Next.
Figure 186 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard
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If you want Internet Explorer to Automatically select certificate store based on the type of
certificate, click Next again and then go to step 9.
Figure 187 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard
Otherwise, select Place all certificates in the following store and then click Browse.
Figure 188 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard
In the Select Certificate Store dialog box, choose a location in which to save the certificate and
then click OK.
Figure 189 Internet Explorer 7: Select Certificate Store
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In the Completing the Certificate Import Wizard screen, click Finish.
Figure 190 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard
10 If you are presented with another Security Warning, click Yes.
Figure 191 Internet Explorer 7: Security Warning
11 Finally, click OK when presented with the successful certificate installation message.
Figure 192 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard
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Appendix E Importing Certificates
12 The next time you start Internet Explorer and go to a Huawei web configurator page, a sealed
padlock icon appears in the address bar. Click it to view the page’s Website Identification
information.
Figure 193 Internet Explorer 7: Website Identification
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Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Internet Explorer
Rather than browsing to a Huawei web configurator and installing a public key certificate when
prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.
Double-click the public key certificate file.
Figure 194 Internet Explorer 7: Public Key Certificate File
In the security warning dialog box, click Open.
Figure 195 Internet Explorer 7: Open File - Security Warning
Refer to steps 4-12 in the Internet Explorer procedure beginning on page 264 to complete the
installation process.
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Removing a Certificate in Internet Explorer
This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Internet Explorer 7.
Open Internet Explorer and click TOOLS > Internet Options.
Figure 196 Internet Explorer 7: Tools Menu
In the Internet Options dialog box, click Content > Certificates.
Figure 197 Internet Explorer 7: Internet Options
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In the Certificates dialog box, click the Trusted Root Certificates Authorities tab, select the
certificate that you want to delete, and then click Remove.
Figure 198 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates
In the Certificates confirmation, click Yes.
Figure 199 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates
In the Root Certificate Store dialog box, click Yes.
Figure 200 Internet Explorer 7: Root Certificate Store
The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a
certification error appears.
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Firefox
The following example uses Mozilla Firefox 2 on Windows XP Professional; however, the screens can
also apply to Firefox 2 on all platforms.
If your device’s web configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it
you are presented with a certification error.
Select Accept this certificate permanently and click OK.
Figure 201 Firefox 2: Website Certified by an Unknown Authority
The certificate is stored and you can now connect securely to the web configurator. A sealed
padlock appears in the address bar, which you can click to open the Page Info > Security window
to view the web page’s security information.
Figure 202 Firefox 2: Page Info
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Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Firefox
Rather than browsing to a Huawei web configurator and installing a public key certificate when
prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.
Open Firefox and click TOOLS > Options.
Figure 203 Firefox 2: Tools Menu
In the Options dialog box, click ADVANCED > Encryption > View Certificates.
Figure 204 Firefox 2: Options
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Appendix E Importing Certificates
In the Certificate Manager dialog box, click Web Sites > Import.
Figure 205
Use the Select File dialog box to locate the certificate and then click Open.
Figure 206
274
Firefox 2: Certificate Manager
Firefox 2: Select File
The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Page Info >
Security window to see the web page’s security information.
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Removing a Certificate in Firefox
This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Firefox 2.
Open Firefox and click TOOLS > Options.
Figure 207 Firefox 2: Tools Menu
In the Options dialog box, click ADVANCED > Encryption > View Certificates.
Figure 208 Firefox 2: Options
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In the Certificate Manager dialog box, select the Web Sites tab, select the certificate that you
want to remove, and then click Delete.
Figure 209
Firefox 2: Certificate Manager
In the Delete Web Site Certificates dialog box, click OK.
Figure 210 Firefox 2: Delete Web Site Certificates
276
The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a
certification error appears.
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Appendix E Importing Certificates
Opera
The following example uses Opera 9 on Windows XP Professional; however, the screens can apply
to Opera 9 on all platforms.
If your device’s web configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it
you are presented with a certification error.
Click Install to accept the certificate.
Figure 211 Opera 9: Certificate signer not found
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The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Security
information window to view the web page’s security details.
Figure 212 Opera 9: Security information
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Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Opera
Rather than browsing to a Huawei web configurator and installing a public key certificate when
prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.
Open Opera and click TOOLS > Preferences.
Figure 213 Opera 9: Tools Menu
In Preferences, click ADVANCED > Security > Manage certificates.
Figure 214 Opera 9: Preferences
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In the Certificates Manager, click Authorities > Import.
Figure 215
Use the Import certificate dialog box to locate the certificate and then click Open.
Figure 216
280
Opera 9: Certificate manager
Opera 9: Import certificate
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Appendix E Importing Certificates
In the Install authority certificate dialog box, click Install.
Figure 217
Next, click OK.
Figure 218
Opera 9: Install authority certificate
Opera 9: Install authority certificate
The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Security
information window to view the web page’s security details.
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Removing a Certificate in Opera
This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Opera 9.
Open Opera and click TOOLS > Preferences.
Figure 219 Opera 9: Tools Menu
In Preferences, ADVANCED > Security > Manage certificates.
Figure 220 Opera 9: Preferences
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In the Certificates manager, select the Authorities tab, select the certificate that you want to
remove, and then click Delete.
Figure 221
Opera 9: Certificate manager
The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a
certification error appears.
Note: There is no confirmation when you delete a certificate authority, so be absolutely
certain that you want to go through with it before clicking the button.
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Konqueror
The following example uses Konqueror 3.5 on openSUSE 10.3, however the screens apply to
Konqueror 3.5 on all Linux KDE distributions.
If your device’s web configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it
you are presented with a certification error.
Click Continue.
Figure 222 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication
Click Forever when prompted to accept the certificate.
Figure 223 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication
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Click the padlock in the address bar to open the KDE SSL Information window and view the web
page’s security details.
Figure 224 Konqueror 3.5: KDE SSL Information
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Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Konqueror
Rather than browsing to a Huawei web configurator and installing a public key certificate when
prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.
Double-click the public key certificate file.
Figure 225 Konqueror 3.5: Public Key Certificate File
In the Certificate Import Result - Kleopatra dialog box, click OK.
Figure 226 Konqueror 3.5: Certificate Import Result
The public key certificate appears in the KDE certificate manager, Kleopatra.
Figure 227 Konqueror 3.5: Kleopatra
286
The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the KDE SSL
Information window to view the web page’s security details.
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Removing a Certificate in Konqueror
This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Konqueror 3.5.
Open Konqueror and click Settings > Configure Konqueror.
Figure 228 Konqueror 3.5: Settings Menu
In the Configure dialog box, select Crypto.
On the Peer SSL Certificates tab, select the certificate you want to delete and then click
Remove.
Figure 229 Konqueror 3.5: Configure
The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a
certification error appears.
Note: There is no confirmation when you remove a certificate authority, so be absolutely
certain you want to go through with it before clicking the button.
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A PPENDIX
Common Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port
numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit
the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site.
• Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a
different one, if you like.
• Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service
uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP
protocol number, not the port number.
• Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information
about port numbers.
• If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.
• If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.
• Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations
in which this service is used.
Table 121 Commonly Used Services
NAME
PROTOCOL
PORT(S)
DESCRIPTION
AH
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined
51
The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header)
tunneling protocol uses this service.
AIM/New-ICQ
TCP
5190
AOL’s Internet Messenger service. It is
also used as a listening port by ICQ.
AUTH
TCP
113
Authentication protocol used by some
servers.
BGP
TCP
179
Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT
UDP
68
DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER
UDP
67
DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME
TCP
7648
A popular videoconferencing solution from
White Pines Software.
UDP
24032
DNS
TCP/UDP
53
Domain Name Server, a service that
matches web names (for example
www.Huawei.com) to IP numbers.
ESP
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined
50
The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security
Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this
service.
FINGER
TCP
79
Finger is a UNIX or Internet related
command that can be used to find out if a
user is logged on.
FTP
TCP
20
TCP
21
File Transfer Program, a program to enable
fast transfer of files, including large files
that may not be possible by e-mail.
TCP
1720
NetMeeting uses this protocol.
H.323
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Appendix F Common Services
Table 121 Commonly Used Services (continued)
290
NAME
PROTOCOL
PORT(S)
DESCRIPTION
HTTP
TCP
80
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/
server protocol for the world wide web.
HTTPS
TCP
443
HTTPS is a secured http session often used
in e-commerce.
ICMP
User-Defined
Internet Control Message Protocol is often
used for diagnostic or routing purposes.
ICQ
UDP
4000
This is a popular Internet chat program.
IGMP (MULTICAST)
User-Defined
Internet Group Management Protocol is
used when sending packets to a specific
group of hosts.
IKE
UDP
500
The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is
used for key distribution and
management.
IRC
TCP/UDP
6667
This is another popular Internet chat
program.
MSN Messenger
TCP
1863
Microsoft Networks’ messenger service
uses this protocol.
NEW-ICQ
TCP
5190
An Internet chat program.
NEWS
TCP
144
A protocol for news groups.
NFS
UDP
2049
Network File System - NFS is a client/
server distributed file service that provides
transparent file sharing for network
environments.
NNTP
TCP
119
Network News Transport Protocol is the
delivery mechanism for the USENET
newsgroup service.
PING
User-Defined
Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that
sends out ICMP echo requests to test
whether or not a remote host is reachable.
POP3
TCP
110
Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client
computer get e-mail from a POP3 server
through a temporary connection (TCP/IP
or other).
PPTP
TCP
1723
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables
secure transfer of data over public
networks. This is the control channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL
(GRE)
User-Defined
47
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
enables secure transfer of data over public
networks. This is the data channel.
RCMD
TCP
512
Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO
TCP
7070
A streaming audio service that enables
real time sound over the web.
REXEC
TCP
514
Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN
TCP
513
Remote Login.
RTELNET
TCP
107
Remote Telnet.
RTSP
TCP/UDP
554
The Real Time Streaming (media control)
Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for
multimedia on the Internet.
SFTP
TCP
115
Simple File Transfer Protocol.
BM2022w User’s Guide
Appendix F Common Services
Table 121 Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME
PROTOCOL
PORT(S)
DESCRIPTION
SMTP
TCP
25
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the
message-exchange standard for the
Internet. SMTP enables you to move
messages from one e-mail server to
another.
SNMP
TCP/UDP
161
Simple Network Management Program.
SNMP-TRAPS
TCP/UDP
162
Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
SQL-NET
TCP
1521
Structured Query Language is an interface
to access data on many different types of
database systems, including mainframes,
midrange systems, UNIX systems and
network servers.
SSH
TCP/UDP
22
Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
STRM WORKS
UDP
1558
Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG
UDP
514
Syslog allows you to send system logs to a
UNIX server.
TACACS
UDP
49
Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal
Access Controller Access Control System).
TELNET
TCP
23
Telnet is the login and terminal emulation
protocol common on the Internet and in
UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/
IP networks. Its primary function is to
allow users to log into remote host
systems.
TFTP
UDP
69
Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet
file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but
uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
rather than TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol).
VDOLIVE
TCP
7000
Another videoconferencing solution.
BM2022w User’s Guide
291
Appendix F Common Services
292
BM2022w User’s Guide
A PPENDIX
Legal Information
Certifications
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement
This
complies
with
PartPart
15 of
is subject
to the
following
two conditions:
Thedevice
device
complies
with
15the
of FCC
FCCRules.
rules.Operation
Operation
is subject
to the
following
two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
• this
Thisdevice
device
complies
part 15 of the
FCC Rules.
(2)
must
accept with
any interference
received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
• Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not cause harmful interference.
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation.
If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be
determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter. (for all wireless devices)
• To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20
cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. (for all wireless
devices without SAR test, such as an AP or wireless router. the SAR test will be done for wireless
USB adapters and CardBus cards)
BM2022w User’s Guide
293
Appendix G Legal Information
ࣹრ!"
ࠉᖕ!!‫פ܅‬෷ሽंᘿ୴ࢤሽᖲጥ෻ᙄऄ
รԼԲය!!ᆖী‫ڤ‬ᎁᢞ‫ٽ‬௑հ‫פ܅‬෷୴᙮ሽᖲΔॺᆖ๺‫ױ‬Δֆ‫׹‬Ε೸ᇆࢨࠌ‫ش‬
ृ݁լ൓ᖐ۞᧢‫ޓ‬᙮෷Ε‫ף‬Օ‫פ‬෷ࢨ᧢‫଺ޓ‬๻ૠհ௽ࢤ֗‫פ‬౨Ζ
รԼ؄ය!!‫פ܅‬෷୴᙮ሽᖲհࠌ‫ش‬լ൓ᐙ᥼ଆ౰‫ڜ‬٤֗եឫ‫ٽ‬ऄຏॾΙᆖ࿇෼
‫ڶ‬եឫ෼ွழΔᚨ‫ܛم‬ೖ‫ش‬Δࠀ‫ޏ‬࿳۟ྤեឫழֱ൓ᤉᥛࠌ‫ش‬Ζ
ছႈ‫ٽ‬ऄຏॾΔਐࠉሽॾ๵ࡳ‫܂‬ᄐհྤᒵሽॾΖ‫פ܅‬෷୴᙮ሽᖲႊ‫ݴ‬
࠹‫ٽ‬ऄຏॾࢨՠᄐΕઝᖂ֗᠔᛭‫ش‬ሽंᘿ୴ࢤሽᖲ๻ໂհեឫΖ
‫ء‬ᖲૻ‫ڇ‬լեឫ‫ٽ‬ऄሽፕፖլ࠹๯եឫঅᎽයٙՀ࣍৛փࠌ‫ش‬Ζ!
྇֟ሽ጖ंᐙ᥼Δᓮ‫ݔ‬ᔞࠌ‫ش‬Ζ
Notices
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could
void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
This device is designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz networks throughout the EC region and
Switzerland, with restrictions in France.
Ce produit est conçu pour les bandes de fréquences 2,4 GHz et/ou 5 GHz conformément à la
législation Européenne. En France métropolitaine, suivant les décisions n°03-908 et 03-909 de
l’ARCEP, la puissance d’émission ne devra pas dépasser 10 mW (10 dB) dans le cadre d’une
installation WiFi en extérieur pour les fréquences comprises entre 2454 MHz et 2483,5 MHz.
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
294
BM2022w User’s Guide
Index
Index
AAA 70
CA 71, 72
AbS 158
CBC-MAC 217
accounting server
see AAA
CCMP 215, 217
ACK message 175
Advanced Encryption Standard
see AES
certificates 215
CA 71
formats 71
verification 217
AES 217
Certification Authority, see CA
AH 149
ALG 97
certifications 293
notices 294
algorithms 149
chaining 217
alternative subnet mask notation 256
chaining message authentication
see CCMP
activity 70
analysis-by-synthesis 158
Application Layer Gateway
see ALG
cell 69
circuit-switched telephone networks 157
Class of Service (CoS) 158
authentication 70, 215
inner 217
key
server 70
types 217
client-server
protocol 176
SIP 176
authorization 215
request and reply 217
server 70
codec 157
auto-discovery
UPnP 119
CoS 158
CMAC
see MAC
comfort noise 177
copyright 293
counter mode
see CCMP
coverage area 69
base station
see BS
BS 69–70
links 70
BYE request 176
cryptography 215
data 215–216
decryption 215
encryption 215
flow 217
DH 155
BM2022w User’s Guide
295
Index
DHCP 95
server 95
diameter 70
G.168 177
Differentiated Services
see DiffServ
G.711 157
G.729 158
Diffie-Hellman key groups 155
DiffServ 158
DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) 158
marking rule 162
digital ID 72, 215
DS field 162
hybrid waveform codec 158
DSCP
see DiffServ
DTMF 165
dual-tone multi-frequency
see DTMF
IANA 260
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
see DHCP
ID type and content 153
identity 70, 215
idle timeout 181
IEEE 802.16 69, 215
IEEE 802.16e 69
IGD 1.0 98
EAP 70
IKE phases 151
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) 72
inner authentication 217
EAP-TLS 72
inside header 150
EAP-TTLS 72
encapsulation 150
Internet
access 70
gateway device 98
encryption 215–216, 217
traffic 217
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
see IANA 260
ESP 149
Internet Key Exchange 151
Ethernet
encapsulation 96
Internet Telephony Service Provider
see ITSP
Extensible Authorization Protocol
see EAP
interoperability 69
echo cancellation 177
FCC interference statement 293
firewall 129
FTP 181
restrictions 181
296
IP-PBX 157
IPSec
algorithms 149
architecture 149
NAT 152
IPSec VPN 141
ITSP 157
ITU-T 177
BM2022w User’s Guide
Index
Network Discovery and Selection
see ND&S
key 215
request and reply 217
outbound proxy 165
SIP 165
L2TP VPN 137
outbound proxy server 165
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol VPN
see L2TP VPN
outside header 150
pattern-spotting 217
MAC 217
PBX services 157
MAN 69
PCM 157
Management Information Base (MIB) 183
per-hop behavior 162
Message Authentication Code
see MAC
PHB (per-hop behavior) 162
message integrity 217
Metropolitan Area Network
see MAN
microwave 69, 70
mobile station
see MS
phone
services 166
PKMv2 70, 215, 217
plain text encryption 217
Point to Point Tunneling Protocol VPN
see PPTP VPN
PPTP VPN 133
MS 70
pre-shared key 154
multimedia 158
Privacy Key Management
see PKM
private key 215
proxy server
SIP 164
NAT 260
and remote management 181
IPSec 152
server sets 96
traversal 98, 153
public certificate 217
public key 215
pulse code modulation 157
push button 107
NAT routers 165
ND&S 79
negotiation mode 151
network
activity 70
services 70
QoS 158
quality of service
network address translators 165
BM2022w User’s Guide
297
Index
number 163
proxy server 164
register server 164
servers 176
service domain 164
URI 163
user agent 164
RADIUS 70, 72, 215
Message Types 216
Messages 216
Shared Secret Key 216
Real-time Transport Protocol
see RTP
register server
SIP 164
related documentation 3
remote management and NAT 181
remote management limitations 181
required bandwidth 158
RFC 1889 158
RFC 3489 165
RTP 158
SIP outbound proxy 165
SNMP 181
manager 183
sound quality 157
SS 69, 70
STUN 165
subnet 253
mask 254
subnetting 256
subscriber station
see SS
supplementary phone services 166
syntax conventions 4
system timeout 181
safety warnings 6
secure communication 215
secure connection 70
security 215
security association 216
see SA
see QoS
server, outbound proxy 165
services 70
Session Initiation Protocol
see SIP
silence suppression 177
silent packets 177
SIP 158
account 163
ACK message 175
ALG 97, 165
Application Layer Gateway, see ALG
BYE request 176
call progression 173
client 176
client server 176
identities 163
INVITE request 175
298
tampering
TCP/IP configuration 95
TEK 217
TFTP restrictions 181
TLS 215
ToS 158
Touch Tone® 165
transport encryption key
see TEK
transport layer security
see TLS
transport mode 150
trigger port forwarding
process 115
TTLS 215, 217
tunnel mode 150
tunneled TLS
see TTLS
Type of Service 158
BM2022w User’s Guide
Index
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
see MAN
unauthorized device 215
wireless network
access 69
standard 69
uniform resource identifier 163
Universal Plug and Play
see UPnP
UPnP 97
application 98
auto-discovery 119
security issues 98
Windows XP 118
wireless security 215
wizard setup 27
WPS 106
adding stations 107
push button 107
use NAT 165
user authentication 215
VAD 177
verification 217
virtual LAN
see VLAN
VLAN 122
examples 52
voice
activity detection 177
coding 157
mail 157
Voice over IP
see VoIP
VoIP 157
waveform codec 157
WiFi Protected Setup, see WPS
WiMAX 69–70
security 216
WiMAX Forum 69
Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access
see WiMAX
wireless LAN
WPS 106
adding stations 107
push button 107
BM2022w User’s Guide
299
Index
300
BM2022w User’s Guide
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