Modular Mining Systems 301582 Spread Spectrum Transceiver User Manual
Modular Mining Systems Inc Spread Spectrum Transceiver Users Manual
Contents
Users Manual
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| Document ID | 146118 |
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| Document Description | Users Manual |
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| Filesize | 25.67kB (320854 bits) |
| Date Submitted | 2001-04-23 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2001-07-05 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2001-03-09 09:06:37 |
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| Document Title | Users Manual |
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Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual March 2001 3289 East Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706-5028 U.S.A. 520 746-9127 [tel] 520 889-5790 [fax] http://www.mmsi.com Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area ia likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Modular Mining Systems could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual March 2001 3289 East Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706-5028 U.S.A. 520 746-9127 [tel] 520 889-5790 [fax] http://www.mmsi.com RESTRICTIVE COVENANT AND DISCLAIMER Copyright © 2001 by Modular Mining Systems, Inc. Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. All rights reserved. Modular Mining Systems, Inc., makes no representation regarding the fitness, quality, design, condition, capacity, suitability, or performance of the equipment or of the material or workmanship thereof and/or compliance of the system with the requirements of any law or regulations, and disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Modular Mining Systems, Inc., shall not be responsible for any loss or damage to property or injury or death to persons caused by any defect or failure in the system hardware and/or software regardless of the form of action, whether in contract or in tort, including negligence, strict liability, or otherwise. Modular Mining Systems, Inc., is not responsible for any losses, financial or otherwise, that the customer, purchaser, or end user (hereafter, collectively, user) incurs nor shall it be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business or investment profits, business interruption, loss of business information or the like) arising out of the use, interruption in the use of, or performance of the system hardware and/or software. User expressly agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Modular Mining Systems, Inc., from and against all claims, damages, losses, and expenses, including but not limited to: (i) any loss resulting from general or particular requirements of needs of user as defined in user’s originating purchase order; (ii) any damages from loss of use, loss of data, loss of profits, or loss of business arising out of or in connection with the performance of system hardware and/or software; (iii) any loss or damage to property or injury or death to persons proximately resulting from system hardware and/or software, even if entirely due in whole or in part to negligent acts or omissions of Modular Mining Systems, Inc.; and (iv) attorney’s fees and costs. The information described in this document is furnished as proprietary information and may not be copied or sold without the written permission of Modular Mining Systems, Inc. Trademarks (distinctive font) and the Modular logo are trademarks of Modular Mining Systems, Inc. and are registered U.S. trademarks of Modular Mining Systems, Inc. All other brand names and product names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders. Contents About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mobile Equipment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Radio Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Major Circuit Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Over and Undervoltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Connectors and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Mobile Equipment Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Repeater System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Major Circuit Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Connectors and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Repeater System Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Base Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 System Installation and Checkout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 A Acronyms B Radio Module Specifications General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Functional Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 FCC Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Channel Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Power and Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 DSSS Channels and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 EL Antenna Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 AZ Antenna Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 iii March 2001 Spread Spectrum Radio System About This Manual This manual contains a description of the spread spectrum radio (SSR) system designed by Modular Mining Systems (MMS). Its use is intended for MMS personnel and clients who may be responsible for the system’s operation. Detailed installation and checkout procedures are provided in a separate installation guide. Detailed user interface information is also provided separately. The definitions of acronyms used in this manual are given in Appendix A. The radio module specifications are provided in Appendix B. System Description The MMS-designed SSR system is based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology, which provides a substantial improvement in signal-to-noise performance over conventional modulation techniques. Operating in the ISM 2.4- to 2.4835-GHz frequency band, the transmitted signal is spread within the frequency domain by using an 11-bit Barker sequence chipping code to obtain a transmission bandwidth of 22 MHz and data rates of 1 and 2 Mb/s. The received signal is strengthened by a processing gain of 10.4 dB, thereby increasing the signal’s resistance to interference. The improved radio performance and increased bandwidth, as compared with a 9600-b/s narrow-band system, reduces congestion in mines with large equipment fleets. Intensive graphic images, such as updates for the Color Graphics Console (CGC) screen, and large amounts of diagnostic data can be efficiently transmitted. The SSR system comprises two major subsystems: the mobile equipment system and the repeater system. The primary hardware includes Hubs, radio modules, and mobile repeater stations. Rather than one or two conventional narrow-band repeaters, the SSR system March 2001 2 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual uses several small repeaters, as shown in the following simplified diagram: Base Station Ethernet Redundant Repeater Figure 1 SSR System Configuration, Simplified Each repeater extends the base station’s area of coverage and communicates with the base station by way of other repeaters or directly by way of a fiber optic cable. The base station uses redundant radios to ensure continued operation in case a radio fails. Likewise, primary routing paths between repeaters incorporate alternative routing paths in case a repeater fails. The mine can optionally add repeaters to provide redundancy to whatever extent is desired. Initial installation is expedient in part because the ISM frequency band is license free, and there are no delays associated with license applications. Nor are there licensing fees. The system’s inherent architecture makes adding repeaters to an installed system practically effortless, and mobile repeaters are easily deployed to cover new work areas as the mine’s topography changes. The mobile equipment system and the repeater system are described in the following sections. March 2001 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Mobile Equipment System Each truck, shovel, dozer, drill, or other mine equipment in the network requires the following major components: • two 2.4-GHz radios • a Hub Although not integral to the SSR system, a CAN-based CGC and a GPS antenna are also essential units of DISPATCH hardware required on mine equipment. Radio Module Two radios are needed per mine vehicle or machine so that 360-degree coverage is obtained without having an antenna mounted above the equipment. On a haul truck, the radios are typically mounted on the front left and right deck or handrails. Each radio module (Figure 2) consists of a molded plastic case containing the radio electronics and antenna on the same circuit board. An internal EMI shield protects the electronics. Figure 2 Radio Module, External View The overall dimensions of the unit are 22 by 16.5 by 34.3 centimeters (8.7 by 6.5 by 13.5 inches) and it weighs only 1.6 kilograms (3.5 pounds). Each radio connects to the onboard Hub by way of a cable carrying power and data signals. The cable connects to a single 6-pin connector March 2001 4 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual on the back of the radio module. The signals are identified in the following table: Table 1 Radio Module External Connector Pin Signal Description DATA OUT + LVDS driven from radio + DATA OUT − LVDS driven from radio − DATA IN − LVDS received from Hub − DATA IN + LVDS received from Hub + PWR IN 24 V dc received from Hub* PWR GND Power ground connected to Hub *Acceptable input range is 8 to 38 volts. Shielded connections inside the radio encapsulate the LVDS lines so that radiation is minimized. Hub The Hub controls the high-speed LVDS links to the radios by way of FPGAs inside the Hub and the radio modules. The Hub supplies protected power to the radios as well as protected power to all other DISPATCH hardware on the mine equipment, such as the CGC and external Generic Serial Processor (GSP). This eliminates the need for an external power supply and reduces the amount of input protection circuitry the non-Hub devices require. CAN A [RESERVED] RADIO A SLIP RADIO B GPS ANTENNA POWER CAN A Figure 3 March 2001 ETHERNET Mobile Equipment Hub GSP DIGITAL I/O Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual The Hub is installed inside the equipment’s cab usually mounted to the wall or on an upright bracket attached to the floor or rear dash. It consists of a rugged case and base plate made of cast aluminum, which has been anodized and enameled to provide maximum protection from harsh environments. Its physical dimensions are approximately 35.4 by 26.2 by 9.4 centimeters (14 by 10.3 by 3.7 inches), and it weighs 4.3 kilograms (9.5 pounds). Major Circuit Boards The mobile equipment Hub houses the following major components: • processor board This board has an Intel SA1100 processor, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, FPGA, Ethernet controller (10Base-T), CAN controller, and other primary components. All transceivers and isolation components are on the isolation interface board, thereby making the processor board relatively stable. This board is also small enough to allow full-size high-precision GPS receivers to be mounted next to it inside the Hub cover. • power board This board distributes protected, isolated, and regulated power to the system components. The input power source is nominally 12 or 24 V dc. The optional 12-V Hub has an operational range of 10 to 19 volts; the optional 24-V Hub has an operational range of 18 to 35 volts. • connector board This board provides the internal connections between the power and isolation interface boards, and all connections to external devices. • isolation interface board This board provides electrical protection and isolation to signals coming from outside the Hub to the processor. • location system (GPS) adapter board This board provides the interface between the processor board and the GPS receiver. March 2001 6 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Over and Undervoltage Protection The Hub power board has built-in protection from damage to the electronics during a constant steady-state over or undervoltage condition. When either condition occurs, the Hub shuts off by disconnecting itself from the power source, and remains off as long as the accessory switch is open. When the condition no longer exists, and the accessory switch closes, the Hub turns itself back on. When the accessory switch opens during normal operation, a soft shutdown occurs, which permits the software to save data, complete pending radio communications, and shut down in an orderly fashion. Connectors and Indicators There are 11 external connectors on the front of the Hub. A decal affixed to the top of the Hub indicates the type of connection at each. One of these connectors is reserved for future use. The other 10 are briefly described in the following table: Table 2 Equipment Hub Connectors Connector Description GPS ANTENNA type TNC coaxial cable connector for GPS antenna SLIP RS-232 service port for laptop during system startup, update, and troubleshooting CAN A (2 connectors) provides power output to and data communications with standard CAN devices including CGC and external GSP units; software configurable to support SAE standard devices RADIO A provides power and data link to radio A* RADIO B provides power and data link to radio B* POWER receives source power DIGITAL I/O provides two digital inputs for contactclosure-type devices such as foot switches GSP provides 15-V isolated power to and two communications ports (A and B) for serial devices. The A port can be RS-232 or RS-485; the B port is RS-232. ETHERNET standard 10Base-T network connection * The radios are configured A or B during software installation. March 2001 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual The five status lights on top of the Hub convey important information to the user. The purpose of each is listed in the following table: Table 3 Mobile Equipment Options Equipment Hub Status Indicators Status Light Indication PWR Hub is receiving power from source. GPS Link with GPS is operating. RADIO A Link with radio A is operating. RADIO B Link with radio B is operating. COMM Link with mine network is operating. The options available with each mobile equipment system include the following: • The Hub power system can be either 12 or 24 V dc. • External multi-protocol CAN-based GSPs can be added to support more than the two third-party serial devices that the internal GSP on the Hub processor board satisfies. • Future enhancements include an external unit that can provide an analog/digital interface to third-party monitoring equipment such as oil pressure systems. Repeater System Several repeater units are required to provide coverage in the work area. The actual quantity is determined by the user and largely based on MMS-conducted site surveys. The desired level of redundancy also impacts the quantity used. Each repeater unit consists of the following standard components: • an environmental enclosure containing a Hub with a 1-W, DSSS, 2.4-GHz radio • an omnidirectional antenna with a 12-, 18-, or 24-foot mast • a lightning diverter Optionally, the user may select • a steel mounting base • a wheel option March 2001 8 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual • a solar power system with backup batteries and surge protection • an ac-to-dc power system with surge protection • GPS capability A repeater with optional solar panel and wheels is configured similarly to the following example: Figure 4 Hub Example Mobile Repeater Like the Hub on the mobile equipment, the repeater Hub is made of cast aluminum that has been anodized and enameled. It is also the same size as the mobile equipment Hub but is mounted inside an environmental enclosure that is 50.8 by 40.6 by 20.3 centimeters (20 by 16 by 8 inches) and made of powder-coated 14-gage steel. An access door is provided on the front of this NEMA enclosure, and holes for the antenna coaxial cables and power are provided in the rear. The enclosure also contains surge suppressors—on the incoming March 2001 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual coaxial cables—and the ac-to-dc converter with power line protection if power is obtained from an ac source rather than the solar panel. Closed Figure 5 Opened Repeater Hub Environmental Enclosure A repeater equipped with a solar panel also has backup battery power. The batteries are installed in a large environmental enclosure. Power line protection from the solar panel to the Hub in its enclosure is provided by surge suppressors inside a third enclosure attached to the enclosure containing the batteries. Major Circuit Boards The repeater Hub houses the following major components: • radio board The electronics on this board are identical to those on the mobile system’s radio module. However, this board does not have an integrated antenna. • processor board This is the identical board used in the mobile equipment system. • connector board This board provides the connections between the internal components and external devices. March 2001 10 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual • location system (GPS) adapter board This board is present only if the repeater is equipped with the GPS option. It provides the interface between the processor board and the GPS receiver. Connectors and Indicators There are six external connectors on the front of the Hub. A decal affixed to the top of the Hub indicates the type of connection at each. EXT RADIO SLIP ETHERNET RF ANT GPS ANT Figure 6 POWER Repeater Hub The following table provides a brief description of each of the connectors: Table 4 March 2001 Repeater Hub Connectors Connector Description GPS ANT type TNC coaxial cable connector for GPS antenna RF ANT type N coaxial cable connector for 2.4-GHz radio antenna EXT RADIO provides connection to an external SSR if an internal radio is not used. This connector is normally not used. SLIP RS-232 service port for laptop connection during system startup, update, and troubleshooting Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Table 4 11 Repeater Hub Connectors (Continued) Connector Description ETHERNET fiber optic 10Base-T Ethernet connection from/to base station POWER receives 24-V dc operating power either from solar panels or ac source through ac-todc converter The purpose of each status light on top of the Hub is listed in the following table: Table 5 Repeater System Options Repeater Hub Status Indicators Status Light Indication PWR Hub is receiving power from source. GPS GPS is operating and LED is blinking the number of satellites currently being tracked. LINK The 10Base-T Ethernet link is operating. LAN The 10Base-T Ethernet LAN is operating. COMM Link with data radio communications network in mine is operating. The options available with each repeater are as follows: • A steel base with three stabilizing outriggers and a support for the antenna mast provides a means for mounting the electronics, antenna mast, and solar-power system if applicable. Each outrigger has a jack stand that can be manually adjusted to suit the level of the terrain. • A steel frame with two 15-inch wheels and a standard trailer hitch converts the fixed configuration to a mobile configuration. This frame mounts below the fixed base to which the electronics, mast, and solar system are attached. In this configuration, the repeater can be easily towed and relocated by pickup or automobile. March 2001 12 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual • Solar power can be provided by way of panels, which are available in 150-, 200-, and 300-W power ratings. The required power rating is determined by the repeater’s geographic location. • Power can be provided by way of an ac-to-dc converter. When this option is selected, the converter and surge protection are physically located in the NEMA enclosure with the Hub. Both 50 and 60 Hz are supported as well as 100- to 120-V ac and 200to 240-V ac ranges, which are jumper selectable. The converter requires 1.3 amps at 100 V ac. • GPS capability to enable DISPATCH to track a relocated repeater. Base Station The repeater Hub is also used as the base station. In this case, the environmental enclosure is not used because the base station is normally inside a building, and the antennas are mounted outside. The power source is hard wired to the Hub through an ac-to-dc converter. A fiber optic Ethernet connection is used to isolate the base station computers from the base station Hub, radio, and antennas. System Installation and Checkout Installation of the hardware on mine equipment consists of installing mounting brackets in predesignated locations, and then mounting the radios and Hubs to the brackets. Cables are then routed and the connections are made and checked. Neither the Hub nor radios require being opened. The repeater base and trailer require some assembly; then the antenna mast and brackets are installed. After all hardware is mounted, cable connections are made and checked. The batteries in the 24-V solar-powered repeater system are charged by the panels until they reach 28.2 to 29.0 V, and must be charged to 25.4 to 26.6 V dc before the load may be applied. When the batteries discharge to 22.4 to 23.6 V, the load disconnects. On a fully charged set of batteries, the repeater can continue operation without sunlight for several days. As each mobile equipment system and repeater system is installed, operating and application software is downloaded from a laptop through the Hub SLIP port. Then the RF links to the base station or another communications node are checked to verify throughput is acceptable. March 2001 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 13 Details on installation and checkout procedures are provided in a separate manual. User Interface The status of any and all repeaters in the system configuration can be monitored from the DISPATCH central computer. March 2001 A Acronyms The acronyms listed in the following table are used in this manual: Table A.1 Acronyms Used in This Manual Acronym Definition CAN Controller Area Network CGC Color Graphics Console DRAM dynamic random access memory DSSS direct sequence spread spectrum EMI electromagnetic interference FPGA field-programmable gate array GPS Global Positioning System GSP Generic Serial Processor ID identification ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical LVDS low-voltage differential signal MMS Modular Mining Systems NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association PCB printed circuit board ROM read-only memory SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SSR spread spectrum radio VSMS Vital Signs Monitoring System March 2001 B Radio Module Specifications General Description The 2.4-GHz DSSS spread spectrum radio is based on the Intersil PRISM I chipset (Intersil was formally Harris). The Intersil PRISM I information can be found at the following Web site: www.intersil.com/prism/ (Select PRISM I * 2 Mb/s product link.) Because MMS used the Intersil design for the radio, most of the specifications in this appendix are directly from Intersil documentation. However, two major areas differ and are reflected in these specifications • MMS replaced the Intersil PA/switch chip with a new amplifier design and a separate antenna switch. • The radio has no MAC (Media Access Controller) chip and, instead, is controlled through a custom link with the Hub (MMS computer). MMS replaced the Intersil PA/switch chip to achieve 1 watt of output power (the maximum permitted by the FCC) instead of just 18 dBm. The additional power provides an increased range so that the radios can be used in an open-pit mine with line-of-sight being approximately 8 miles node to node. As required by the FCC for radios with over 20 dBm (100 mW) of power, the power setting is adjustable. The controlling link is a 22-Mb/s LVDS digital link between the radio and the Hub. The radio must be connected to the Hub, and the radio board has a built-in antenna. As an option, MMS would like to cut the antenna off the board and use an omnidirectional antenna. MMS plans to sell approximately 2100 of the PRISM I radio design before exploring the PRISM II design from Intersil. March 2001 B-2 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Functional Specifications The radio operates in the license-free 2.400- to 2.4835-GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) frequency band and is capable of two data rates • DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying • DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 2 Mb/s Tables B.1 through B.4 list the radio module specifications: Table B.1 Radio Supply Power Specification Typical Unit Power Voltage Input Range (acceptable) 9–38 volts DC Radio Module Input Voltage from Hub (controlled via Hub) 24 volts DC Radio Module Power (receive mode only) 1.43 watts Radio Module Power (full 98% TX duty cycle) 4.7 watts Radio Module Power (typical 20% duty cycle)a 2.1 watts a. Power = 1.43 + (3.4 ∗ duty cycle) watts Table B.2 Radio RF Performance and Operation Specification Typical Unit Output Power Range 2–30 dBm Output Power Resolution (8-bit DAC) 256 steps TX Distance Range (based on 2–30 dBm) 0.3–8.0 miles B.E.R. 1 × 10-6 bits Processing Gain (per 11-bit chipping code) 10.4 dB Image Rejection 80 dB Adjacent Channel Rejection >35 dB Receiver Noise Figure dB Channel Noise (N=kTB where B=2 MHz despread) −110.97 dBm Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR-Eb/No ∗ R/BT) 11.1 dBm Receiver Sensitivity (= noise floor + SNR) −92.87 dBm March 2001 1 Mb/s Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications Table B.2 B-3 Radio RF Performance and Operation (Continued) Specification Typical Unit Dynamic Range (TX power − receiver sensitivity) 122.87 dB Transmit Spectral Mask (at 1st side-lobe) −30 dBr TX & RX Data Rates Using DBPSK Mb/s TX & RX Data Rates Using DQPSKa Mb/s Chipping Code (currently is a 802.11 compatible Barker) 11 chips Key-up (synchronization − must be at DBPSK data rate) 128 bits (& µs) Maximum Packet Sizeb 1024 bytes Output Power Resolution (8-bit DAC) 128 steps Channels 12 — Channel Separationc MHz IF Frequency 280 MHz LO VCO Frequency (= 2 × IF) 560 MHz a. Default operation will be DQPSK. b. The 128-bit synchronization header is not counted. c. Channels start at 2412 MHz and increment in 5-MHz steps (802.11 style). Table B.3 Radio Physical Specifications Specification Typical Unit Overall Module Size (L × W × H) 8.7 × 6.5 × 13.5 inches Overall Weight 3.5 pounds Backplate (structural foam using Valox FV649) 0.75 pounds Cover (Valox 357) 1.53 pounds PCB Dimensions (W × H) 6.5 X 9.6 inches PCB Construction – 0.093" FR4 6 layer — Operational Temperature Range −30 to +60 Celsius March 2001 B-4 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Table B.4 Radio Antenna Performance Specification Typical Unit Antenna Type = Integrated Quad Vivaldi on FR4 — — AZ 3-dB Beam width 190 degrees EL 3-dB Beam width 28 degrees Gain dB Feed Structure Losses (0.3 dB per inch on 0.030" FR4) 1.5 dB FCC Items To pass FCC regulations, the radio must pass a stringent set of standards set forth in the following document: FCC Title 47 part 15, in particular the following sections: • section 203 – antenna requirement • section 209 – radiated emissions outside of band (general) • section 247 – operation within band (all aspects) • section 249 – operation within band (field strength) The following table presents several key test parameters that have been verified: Table B.5 Verified FCC Test Parameters Parameter Typical Unit Spectral Sideband Suppression 30 dBr Max Antenna Gain dB Max Transmit Power 30 dBm Outside of Frequency Band Emissions Attenuation ≥50 dB March 2001 Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications Channel Definitions B-5 The channel selection is identical to the 802.11 standard, which is as follows: Table B.6 Channel Definitions Onboard RF VCOb Transmit Frequency 2132 MHz 2412 MHz 2137 MHz 2417 MHz 2142 MHz 2422 MHz 2147 MHz 2427 MHz 2152 MHz 2432 MHz 2157 MHz 2437 MHz 2162 MHz 2442 MHz 2167 MHz 2447 MHz 2172 MHz 2452 MHz 10 2177 MHz 2457 MHz 11 2182 MHz 2462 MHz 2204 MHz 2484 MHz Channela Japan a. Each channel has a 17-MHz bandwidth. b. The onboard RF VCO output is always the Transmit Freq − IF Freq (280 MHz). See the “DSSS Channels and Regulations” section for detail. March 2001 B-6 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Power and Distance The following table and diagram show data pertaining to the power output versus gain control input: Table B.7 March 2001 Power vs. Range Setting DAC Power dBm Power mW Range Miles Range km 3.85 2.43 0.39 0.63 10 5.70 3.72 0.49 0.78 20 8.01 6.32 0.64 1.02 30 10.49 11.19 0.85 1.36 40 12.67 18.50 1.09 1.75 50 14.81 30.29 1.39 2.24 60 16.47 44.38 1.69 2.71 70 18.45 70.01 2.12 3.41 80 19.99 99.81 2.53 4.07 90 21.53 142.12 3.02 4.85 100 22.84 192.16 3.51 5.64 120 25.06 320.63 4.53 7.29 140 26.68 465.94 5.46 8.79 160 27.71 590.43 6.15 9.89 180 28.48 705.23 6.72 10.81 200 29.04 801.99 7.16 11.53 220 29.47 884.78 7.52 12.11 240 29.78 950.97 7.80 12.55 255 30.00 1000.00 8.00 12.87 Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-7 March 2001 B-8 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Photographs As shown in the following photograph, the radio is basically a PRISM I chipset with a 1-watt amplifier and a power supply. The FPGA controls the radio by way of the digital serial link from the Hub computer. The following photograph shows the radio with its plastic cover on. March 2001 0 Radio Module Specifications Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications DSSS Channels and Regulations B-9 The following diagram and table show frequency band allocation: USA: ISM Band 2400-2483.5 MHz (Same for Europe – ETSI) Power 1 watt maximum (30 dBm) Directivity 6 dB antenna gain maximum JAPAN: ISM Band Power 2471 – 2497 MHz 10 mW / MHz Note: The microwave oven operates at 2.43 GHz. Also, the two other ISM bands in the U.S.A. are 902–928 MHz and 5725–5850 MHz. Table B.8 Frequency Band Allocation Regulatory Domains Channel ID Frequency (MHz) X'10' FCC X'20' IC X'30' ETSI X'31' Spain X'32' France X'40' MKK 2412 2417 2422 2427 2432 2437 March 2001 B-10 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual Table B.8 Frequency Band Allocation (Continued) Regulatory Domains Channel ID Frequency (MHz) March 2001 X'10' FCC X'20' IC X'30' ETSI X'31' Spain X'32' France X'40' MKK 2442 2447 2452 10 2457 11 2562 12 2467 13 2472 14 2484 Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-11 EL Antenna Pattern 100 110 90 17.5 80 17.5 70 120 60 130 50 14 140 40 10.5 150 30 160 3.5 170 20 10 180 190 350 200 340 210 330 220 320 230 310 240 300 250 290 260 270 θ 280 Antenna Parameters: Plot File Title Radius Separation Element Gap Element polar_data_74E_5ea.MCD Quad Element Vivaldi 1.45" 2.400" per element (1/2 λ) 0.100" 2.300" March 2001 B-12 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual AZ Antenna Pattern 100 110 90 17.5 80 17.5 70 120 60 130 50 14 140 40 10.5 150 30 160 3.5 170 20 10 180 190 350 200 340 210 330 220 320 230 310 240 300 250 290 260 270 θ 280 Antenna Parameters: Plot File Title Radius Separation Element Gap Element March 2001 polar_data_74H.MCD Quad Element Vivaldi 1.45" 2.400" per element (1/2 λ) 0.100" 2.300" Revision History Revision — Date Comments March 2001 First issue
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