Moseley Associates NXE1-20 NXE1-20 User Manual 602 95555 01
Moseley Associates Inc NXE1-20 602 95555 01
users manual
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| Document Description | users manual |
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| Document Type | User Manual |
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| Date Submitted | 2002-02-04 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2002-02-04 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2002-01-18 12:29:04 |
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| Document Title | 602-95555-01.PDF |
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| Document Author: | snaik |
User Manual NXE1-20 Digital Radio Doc. 602-95555-01 January 10, 2002 Table of Contents ii NXE1 Manual Dwg # 602-95555-01; Revision Levels: Section Drawing No: REV Revised / Released Reason NXE1-20 602-95555-01 SN NEW 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio iii Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION............................................................................1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 SYSTEM FEATURES ..................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 T YPICAL CONFIGURATIONS.......................................................................................... 1-3 1.3.1 Data Rate and Interface....................................................................................1-3 1.3.2 Standalone Operation.......................................................................................1-3 1.3.3 Hot Standby (Protected) Operation ....................................................................1-3 1.4 REGULATORY NOTICES ............................................................................................... 1-5 1.5 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (QAM) ...................................................................................... 1-5 1.5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................1-5 1.5.2 QAM Modulator/IF Upconverter .......................................................................1-7 1.5.3 RF Upconverter...............................................................................................1-8 1.5.4 Power Amplifier (PA).......................................................................................1-9 1.5.5 RF Downconverter...........................................................................................1-9 1.5.6 QAM Demodulator/IF Downconverter.............................................................. 1-10 INSTALLATION ..............................................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 UNPACKING ............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 NOTICES.................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 RACK MOUNT ............................................................................................................ 2-2 2.4 DUPLEXER: INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ................................................................................ 2-2 2.5 REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS & INDICATORS ................................................................... 2-2 2.6 POWER REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................... 2-4 2.6.1 Power Supply Card Slot Details.........................................................................2-4 2.6.2 AC Line Voltage ..............................................................................................2-5 2.6.3 DC Input Option..............................................................................................2-5 2.6.4 Fusing............................................................................................................2-5 2.7 POWER-UP SETTING.................................................................................................... 2-6 2.8 DATA INTERFACE ....................................................................................................... 2-7 2.8.1 4xE1/T1 MUX Channel Configurations ..............................................................2-7 2.9 HOT STANDBY (PROTECTED) CONFIGURATION ............................................................... 2-8 2.9.1 Hot/Cold Standby Modes ..................................................................................2-9 2.9.2 Hot Standby Control using the Moseley TP64.................................................... 2-10 2.9.3 Hot Standby Control with Single Unit............................................................... 2-13 2.10 SITE INSTALLATION .................................................................................................. 2-14 2.11 ANTENNA/FEED SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 2-14 2.11.1 Antenna Installation....................................................................................... 2-14 FRONT PANEL OPERATION.....................................................................................................................3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 FRONT PANEL OPERATION ........................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 LCD Display ...................................................................................................3-1 3.2.2 Cursor and Screen Control Buttons....................................................................3-2 3.2.3 LED Status Indicators ......................................................................................3-3 3.2.4 Screen Menu Tree Structure ..............................................................................3-3 3.3 MAIN MENU .............................................................................................................. 3-4 3.3.1 Launch Screens ...............................................................................................3-4 3.4 SCREEN MENU SUMMARIES ....................................................................................... 3-10 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio Table of Contents iv 3.4.1 Meter ........................................................................................................... 3-10 3.4.2 System: Card View......................................................................................... 3-10 3.4.3 System: Power Supply .................................................................................... 3-11 3.4.4 System: Info.................................................................................................. 3-11 3.4.5 System: Basic Card Setup ............................................................................... 3-12 3.4.6 System: Factory Calibration............................................................................ 3-13 3.4.7 System: Unit-Wide Parameters ........................................................................ 3-14 3.4.8 System: Date/Time ......................................................................................... 3-15 3.4.9 System: Transfer............................................................................................ 3-15 3.4.10 External I/O.................................................................................................. 3-16 3.4.11 Alarms.......................................................................................................... 3-17 3.4.12 Faults........................................................................................................... 3-18 3.4.13 G821 Parameters........................................................................................... 3-18 3.4.14 QAM Modem Status ....................................................................................... 3-19 3.4.15 QAM Radio TX Status .................................................................................... 3-22 3.4.16 QAM Radio RX Status .................................................................................... 3-23 3.4.17 QAM Radio TX Control.................................................................................. 3-23 3.4.18 QAM Radio RX Control.................................................................................. 3-24 3.4.19 QAM Modem Configure.................................................................................. 3-25 3.4.20 QAM Radio TX Configure............................................................................... 3-31 3.4.21 QAM Radio RX Configure............................................................................... 3-32 3.5 NMS/CPU PC CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE ................................................................. 3-32 3.6 UP /DOWN CONVERTER: FREQUENCY ADJUST ............................................................... 3-32 3.6.1 TX Frequency Adjust ...................................................................................... 3-32 3.6.2 AFC Level—RX ............................................................................................. 3-33 4 DATA INTERFACE CABLES 5APPENDIX .......................4-1 ....................................................................................5-3 5.1 PATH EVALUATION INFORMATION ................................................................................ 5-3 5.1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................5-3 5.1.2 Path Analysis ..................................................................................................5-7 5.2 ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS .................................................................................. 5-14 5.3 CONVERSION CHART ................................................................................................. 5-16 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 1 System Description 1.1 Introduction The NXE1-20 is a spectrum-scalable point-to-point digital radio that can deliver 8Mbps of data. Advanced modulation and digital processing techniques allow one radio to deliver user-defined rates from 512 kbps to 8Mbps The product is an all-digital, open-architecture, modular system (see Figure 1-1 below). The versatility and power of the product comes from a complete range of “plug and play” personality modules. Figure 1-1. NXE1-20 Modular Open Architecture The high spectral efficiency of the NXE1-20 is achieved by user-selectable QPSK, or 16 QAM. Powerful Reed-Solomon error correction, coupled with a 20-tap adaptive equalizer, provides unsurpassed signal robustness in hostile RF environments. . 1.2 System Features § Selectable Rates: § Selectable Spectral Efficiency of 1.6 or 3.2 bps/Hz § QPSK & 16 QAM Modulation § Powerful Reed-Solomon Error Correction with up to 12 level interleaver § Built-in Adaptive Equalizer § Internal Duplexer or external for hot standby system § Independent Synthesized Tx & Rx units § Auto / Manual Power Control of up to 20 dB § Built-in Auto Pin Diode Attenuator for powerful signals § Accurate Digital Filtering for adjacent channel rejection § 386 Processor-based controller § Extensive LCD screen status monitoring NXE1 Digital Radio 512 kbps to 8.448 Mbps 602-13068-01 Rev A System Specifications & Description § Built-in BER Meter § Built-in NMS § Monitoring & Time Stamping § Monitor up to 4 external Analog & Digital I/O § Readout of RSL in dBm § Completely modular 602-95555-01 Rev A 1-2 NXE1-20 Digital Radio 1-3 System Specifications & Description 1.3 Typical Configurations 1.3.1 Data Rate and Interface Table 1-1 provides basic data channel capabilities for the NXE1-20. See Section 2 (Installation) for more detailed information. Table 1-1.NXE1-20 Data Channel Configurations Data Rate MUX Hardware Channels Interface(s) 1.5 Mbps-8 Mbps 2 or 4 x E1/T1 2 or 4 G.703, E1/T1 512 kbps-2 Mbps QAM Modem Fractional E1/T1 512 kbps-2 Mbps QAM Modem V35, RS449 1.3.2 Standalone Operation The NXE1-20 may be used as a standalone digital radio with an interface in the modem or with a Multiplexer with 2 or 4 E1/T1 interfaces. The Multiplexer has an overhead channel which can be utilized by the customer 1.3.3 Hot Standby (Protected) Operation The product in a hot standby configuration as depicted in Fig.1-3, using two NXE1-20 radios and a TP64 transfer panel. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A System Specifications & Description 1-4 NXE1 RADIO A DATA CNTL TX ANTENNA TP64 TRANSFER PANEL DATA RX DATA SWITCH/ TRANSFER LOGIC DATA CNTL RX RF SPLITTER TX RF RELAY RX DUPLEXER TX NXE1 RADIO B Figure 1-3. NXE1-20 Hot Standby – Two Discrete Radios with Transfer Panel 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 1-5 System Specifications & Description 1.4 Regulatory Notices FCC Part 15 Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his expense. Any external data or audio connection to this equipment must use shielded cables. EC Declaration of Conformity 1.5 System Description (QAM) 1.5.1 Introduction The product is a full-duplex digital radio. The following sections describe the TX system, RX system, followed by sub-system components. Please reference the accompanying block diagrams for clarification. We will follow the typical end-to-end progression of a radio system starting with the TX baseband inputs, to the QAM modulator, followed by the upconversion process and the power amplifier. We then proceed to the RX preamplifier input, the downconversion process, followed by the QAM demodulator and baseband outputs. QAM Modem Module Antenna RF Module IF Card QAM Modem RX Down Converter Duplexer TX RF Linear PA 400 MHz1.5 GHz Down Converter Demodulator Up Converter Modulator 70 MHz Up Converter +15 VDC 12.8 MHz Back Plane PA Control/ Current Sense Data, Address, I C, SPI Bus System Monitor (A/D) Power Supply Intelligent MUX NMS Channel 1 System CPU Universal Input AC (DC Optional) +5/+15 VDC 130 Watt Remote I/O Front Panel Interface 4 Port Data/Voice Interface Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Serial PC Interface Status/Command/Control I/O Transfer Panel I/O Front Panel Front Panel Ribbon Cable Trunk 4 x 20 LCD Display Status LEDs BarGraph NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A System Specifications & Description 1-6 Figure 1-12. NXE1-20 System Block Diagram All modules (excluding the Front Panel and Power Amplifier) are interconnected via the backplane that traverses the entire width of the unit. The backplane contains the various communication buses as well as the PA (Power Amplifier) control and redundant transfer circuitry. See Figure 1-13 below for locations of the Backplane and the Power Amplifier. The power supply levels and status are monitored on the backplane and the NMS/CPU card processes the data. Backplane Digital Radio Figure 1-13. Location of theNXE1-20Backplane and Power Amplifier The NMS/CPU card incorporates microprocessor and FPGA logic to configure and monitor the overall operation of the system via front panel controls, LCD screen menus, status LEDs and the bar graph display. Module settings are loaded into the installed cards and power-up default settings are stored in non-volatile memory. LCD screen menu software is uploaded into memory, providing field upgrade capability. A Windows-based PC interface is available for connection at the rear panel DATA port. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 1-7 System Specifications & Description 1.5.2 QAM Modulator/IF Upconverter DIGITAL POT NCO OCXO 12.8 MHz INTERLEAVE RAM BUS DATA & CLK IN QAM ENCODER IF OUT IF SYNTH IF STATUS BUS REF CLK OUT FPGA LED STATUS IF REF CLK OUT TRUNK I/O TXD RXD BUS I2C IN MICRO CONTROLLER LEVEL TRANSLATOR FPGA EEPROM SPI DEBUG RS232 TRANSLATOR uC EEPROM BUS DATA & CLK OUT IF IN QAM DECODER AGC RATE CONVERTER LEGEND NO CONNECTION INTERLEAVE RAM uC BUS PLL FIFO REF CLK Figure 1-14. QAM Modem Block Diagram The QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) Modulator is the transmit portion of the QAM Modem card. The QAM Modem also houses the IF Up/Down Converter. The QAM Modulator utilizes the upconverter portion of the IF daughter card. The QAM Modulator accepts the aggregate data stream via the backplane (see Figure 1-14 above). The module performs modulation at a carrier frequency of 6.4 MHz, adding FEC (Forward Error Correction) bits while interleaving the blocks of data. The result is a very spectrally efficient, yet robust linear modulation scheme. This process requires an ultra-stable master clock provided by an OCXO (oven controlled crystal oscillator) that is accurate to within 0.1 ppm. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A System Specifications & Description 1-8 IF Input 6.4 MHz -20 dBm BPF BPF 6.4 MHz 70 MHz Synth Level 76.4 MHz PLL Loop Data Clk Filter VCO IF Output PLL Enbl Ref 70 MHz Exciter Level Synth -10 dBm Lock Figure 1-15. IF Upconverter Block Diagram The resultant carrier is translated up to 70 MHz by the IF Upconverter (see Figure 1-15). This is accomplished by a standard mixing of the carrier with a phase-locked LO. A 70 MHz SAW filter provides an exceptional, spectrally-clean output signal. 1.5.3 RF Upconverter RF Output 70 MHz IF Input BPF 70 MHz Diplexer BPF BPF Synth Level TX ALC Loop Filter Data Clk Enbl Ref PLL VCO PLL Synth Lock IPA Level Synth Level Synth Lock Synth Data Synth Clk RFA Fwd Pwr Level RFA Rev Pwr Level Temp Sense NMS uP 12.8 MHz Ref Osc Synth Enbl Figure 1-16. RF Upconv erter Block Diagram The IF output carrier of the IF Upconverter daughter card is fed to the transmit portion of the RF Module via an external (rear panel) semi-rigid SMA cable. This module performs the necessary upconversion to the RF carrier (see Figure 1-16). There is an on-board CPU for independent control of the critical RF parameters of the system. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 1-9 System Specifications & Description Since this is a linear RF processing chain, an automatic leveling control loop (ALC) is implemented here to maintain maximum available power output (and therefore maximum system gain). The ALC monitors the PA forward power (FWD) output sample, and controls the upconverter gain per an algorithm programmed in the CPU. The ALC also controls the power-up RF conditions of the transmitter output. 1.5.4 Power Amplifier (PA) The Power Amplifier (PA) is a separate module that is mounted to a heat sink and is fan-cooled for reliable operation (see Figure 1-17). The PA is a design for maximum linearity in an amplitude modulation-based system. 1.5.5 RF Downconverter ALC Loop Amp ALC Control RF AGC ALC Det RF Input IF Output BPF Diplexer BPF 70 MHz 70 MHz 70 MHz Atten Preamp to QAM Demod IF Amp NMS Synth Level 12.8 MHz Ref Osc Synth Lock Synth Data Loop Filter VCO Synth Clk Synth Enbl uP Data Clk PLL PLL Enbl Ref Synth Lock Figure 1-18. RF Downconverter Block Diagram The receiver handles the traditional RF to IF conversion from the carrier to 70 MHz (see Figure 118). Considerations are given to image rejection, intermodulation performance, dynamic range, agility, and survivability. A separate AGC loop was assigned to the RF front end to prevent intermodulation and saturation problems associated with reception of high level undesirable interfering RF signals resulting from RF bandwidth that is much wider than the IF bandwidth. The linear QAM scheme is fairly intolerant of amplifier overload. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A System Specifications & Description 1-10 1.5.6 QAM Demodulator/IF Downconverter IF Input 70 MHz BPF BPF 70 MHz 6.4 MHz IF Output Synth Level 6.4 MHz -10dBm 76.4 MHz PLL Data Clk Loop Filter AGC Control VCO PLL Enbl Ref Synth Lock Figure 1-19. IF Downconverter Block Diagram The QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) Demodulator is the receive portion of the QAM Modem card. The QAM Modem also houses the IF Up/Down Converter. The QAM Demod utilizes the downconverter portion of the IF daughter card. The IF Downconverter receives the 70 MHz carrier from the receiver portion of the RF Module via an external semi-rigid cable and directly converts the carrier to 6.4 MHz by mixing with a lownoise phase-locked LO (see Figure 1-19). System selectivity is achieved through the use of a 70 MHz SAW filter. The QAM Demod receives and demodulates the 6.4 MHz carrier (see Figure 1-16). The demodulation process includes the FEC implementation and de-interleaving that matches the QAM modulator in the transmitter, and the critical “data assisted recovery” of the clock. This process requires an ultra-stable master clock provided by an OCXO (oven controlled crystal oscillator). The output is an aggregate data stream that is distributed to the trunk port for if the data input/output is out of the Modem, or to the backplane for connection to the multiplexer connected on the backplane. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2 Installation 2.1 Unpacking The following is a list of all included items. Description Quantity Digital Radio (3RU chassis) Rack Ears (with hardware) Extender Card (Universal QAM) — optional Power Cord (IEC 3 conductor for AC, 2-wire for DC) Manual ( or Soft copy on a CD) Test Data Sheet (customer documentation) Be sure to retain the original boxes and packing material in case of return shipping. Inspect all items for damage and/or loose parts. Contact the shipping company immediately if anything appears damaged. If any of the listed parts are missing, call the distributor or the factory immediately to resolve the problem. 2.2 Notices CAUTION DO NOT OPERATE UNITS WITHOUT AN ANTENNA, ATTENUATOR, OR LOAD CONNECTED TO THE ANTENNA PORT. DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO THE TRANSMITTER DUE TO EXCESSIVE REFLECTED RF ENERGY. ALWAYS ATTENUATE THE SIGNAL INTO THE RECEIVER ANTENNA PORT TO LESS THAN 3000 MICROVOLTS. THIS WILL PREVENT OVERLOAD AND POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE RECEIVER MODULE WARNING HIGH VOLTAGE IS PRESENT INSIDE THE POWER SUPPLY MODULE WHEN THE UNIT IS PLUGGED IN. REMOVAL OF THE POWER SUPPLY CAGE WILL EXPOSE THIS POTENTIAL TO SERVICE PERSONNEL. TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK, UNPLUG THE POWER CABLE BEFORE SERVICING. UNIT SHOULD BE SERVICED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. NXE1 Digital Radio 602-13068-01 Rev A Installation 2-2 PRE-INSTALLATION NOTES Always pre-test the system on the bench in its intended configuration prior to installation at a remote site. Avoid cable interconnection length in excess of 1 meter in strong RF environments. We highly recommend installation of lightning protectors to prevent line surges from damaging expensive components. 2.3 Rack Mount The product is normally rack-mounted in a standard 19” cabinet. Leave space clear above (or below) the unit for proper air ventilation of the card cage. The rack ears are typically mounted as shown in Figure 2-1. Other mounting methods are possible by changing the orientation of the rack ears. Figure 2-1.NXE1-20 Typical Rack Mount Bracket Installation 2.4 Duplexer: Internal/External Various duplexers, both internal and external, can be utilized. For current duplexers utilized with the radios, please see the Appendix. 2.5 Rear Panel Connections & Indicators Please refer to the Figure 2-2 for a pictorial of a typical product rear panel (internal duplexer). Following is a descriptive text of the connections and LED indicators. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2-3 Installation Figure 2-2.NXE1-20 Rear Panel Connections Power Supply: Inputs: Status LED: AC: Universal Input, 100-240V, 50/60 Hz; IEC 3 conductor DC: 24v/48v (Isolated Input); 2 pin socket (custom) +12V: Green LED indicates +12 volt supply OK +5V: Green LED indicates +5 volt supply OK NMS Card I/O Port: RS232 PC access; 9 pin D-sub (female) Reset Switch: Activates hard system reset Status LED: Green LED Indicates CPU OK QAM Modem I/O Ports: TRUNK: Data I/O 15pin D-sub (female) HD RF Connectors: 70 MHz OUT: SMA (female); Modulator output 70 MHz IN: SMA (female); Demod input MOD: GREEN indicates Modulator Lock DEMOD: GREEN indicates Demod Lock Status LED: Up/Down Converter Module RF Connectors: NXE1-20 Digital Radio TO PA: SMA (female), Upconverter output to be applied to linear Power Amplifier module (internal to radio). 602-95555-01 Rev A Installation 2-4 Status LED: 70 MHz IN: SMA (female), Modulated IF input from QAM Modulator. RF IN: SMA (female), Receiver input. 70 MHz OUT: SMA (female); Downconverter output to Modulator input TX LOCK: GREEN indicates TX AFC LOCK RX LOCK: GREEN indicates RX AFC LOCK and strong RX signal Flashing RED indicates LOSS OF TX LOCK YELLOW indicates RX AFC LOCK and nominal RX signal RED (continuous) indicates RX AFC LOCK and weak RX signal RED (flashing) indicates LOSS OF RX LOCK RF I/O Panel RF Connectors: ANTENNA: Type N (female), RF cabling from internal PA module. PA IN: SMA (female), RF cabling to internal PA module. RX OUT: SMA (female), RF cabling from internal duplexer. SEMI-RIGID CABLE Ensure that the cables are secure and tightly attached. Check for any damage (kinks or breaks in the copper sheath). 2.6 Power Requirements 2.6.1 Power Supply Card Slot Details The leftmost slot in the NXE1-20 card cage (as viewed from the rear of the unit) is designated as the “PRIMARY A” power supply. The main bus voltages (+5 and +/-12) are summed in the backplane and provide the supply the plug-in modules. NOTE: The front panel LCD screen displays the system supply voltages and the nomenclature follows the physical location of the power supply modules. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2-5 Installation 2.6.2 AC Line Voltage The NXE1-20 uses a high reliability, universal input switching power supply capable of operating within an input range of: 100 - 240 VAC; 50/60 Hz The power supply module is removable from the unit and a perforated cage protects service personnel from high voltage. The power supply is fan cooled due to high power consumption by the PA. CAUTION High voltage is present when the unit is plugged in. To prevent electrical shock, unplug the power cable before servicing. Power supply module should be serviced by qualified personnel only. 2.6.3 DC Input Option An optional DC input power supply is available for the NXE1-20; using high reliability, DC-DC converter(s) capable of operation within the following input ranges (dependent upon nominal input rating): Nominal DC Input Operating Input Range 24 Volt: 20 – 28 VDC 48 Volt: 32 – 64 VDC The DC input is isolated from chassis ground and can be operated in a positive or negative ground configuration. The power supply module is removable from the unit and no high voltages are accessible. 2.6.4 Fusing For AC modules, the main input fuse is located on the switching power supply mounted to the carrier PC board and the protective cage may be removed for access to the fuse. For DC modules, all fusing is located on the carrier PC board. Always replace any fuse with same type and rating. Other fuses are present on the board, and are designed for output fail-safe protection of the system. All output fuse values are printed on the backside of the PC board to aid in replacement. NOTE: If a fuse does blow in operation, investigate the possible cause of the failure prior to replacing the fuse, as there is adequate built-in protection margin. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Installation 2-6 2.7 Power-Up Setting As shipped, the NXE1-20 will radiate into the antenna upon power-up, THIS ASSUMES THAT THE ANTENNA LOAD IS GOOD (LOW VSWR). If the VSWR of the load causes a high reverse power indication at the PA, the red VSWR LED will light and the transmitter will cease radiating. This is called the “AUTO” setting in the QAM RADIO CONTROL screen (see below). The LCD screen (“QAM RADIO TX CONTROL”) selects the power-up state and controls the radiate function of the TX unit. Go to the MAIN MENU: Main Menu METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM ALARMS/FAULTS Scroll NXE1 Scroll to QAM Radio, press ENTER. Select Launch Screen for CONTROL TX, press ENTER: QAM Radio Launch CONTROL TXA QAM Radio TX Control TX Radiate AUTO Verify the AUTO setting. AUTO: Transmitter will protect its PA by “folding back” the ALC under bad load VSWR condition (default setting) ON: Transmitter will remain in radiate at full power under all antenna port conditions (not recommended). OFF: Transmitter in standby mode. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2-7 Installation 2.8 Data Interface 2.8.1 4xE1/T1 MUX Channel Configurations Trunk I/O Async Data Channel Channel 1/2 (E1/T1) Channel 3/4 (E1/T1) Aux Channel 1 Aux Channel 2 Figure 2-3. 4XE1/T1 MUX Panel The 4xE1/T1 MUX is a high speed card (up to 8 MBPS) that has a total of 7 ports. Table 2-1 summarizes the capabilities. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Installation 2-8 Table 2-1.NXE1-20 4xE1/T1 MUX Data Channel Configurations Chnl Data Rate 4xE1 (BPS) Data Rate 4xT1 (BPS) Data Rate 2xE1 (BPS) Data Rate 2xT1 (BPS) Data Rate 1xE1 (BPS) Data Rate 1xT1 (BPS) Interface 2.048 K 1.544 K 2.048 K 1.544 K 2.048 K 1.544 K G.703, DSX-1 2.048 K 1.544 K 2.048 K 1.544 K --- --- G.703, DSX-1 2.048 K 1.544 K --- --- --- --- G.703, DSX-1 2.048 K 1.544 K --- --- --- --- G.703, DSX-1 * Aux1 128 K 96 K 64 K 48 K 32 K 24 K V.35, RS449 * Aux2 128 K 96 K 64 K 48 K 32 K 24 K V.35, RS449 ASYNC Data 9600 7200 4800 3600 2400 1800 RS232 * AUX Channels 1-2 can be combined to form 2xCh.1 or 2xCh.2 (i.e., in 4xE1 mode, AUX could be a single channel of 256 KBPS) Table 2-2.NXE1-20 Voice/Data MUX Channel Configurations 2.9 Hot Standby (Protected) Configuration The NXE1-20 may be installed in a hot standby (protected) configuration. This consists of twoNXE1-20 chassis with a TP64 transfer panel (Figure 2-5) Transfer Panel Connection The usual hot standby configuration uses an external duplexer. This minimizes RF losses and provides independent TX and RX module switching. A duplexer should already be mounted on the TP64 chassis. Alternatively, rack mounted duplexers (typical for tighter channel spacings) may be provided. The connections are the same, although the physical location is different. A power divider (used to split the signal equally to two receivers) is required in this mode. The input to the power divider connects directly to the duplexer with an N-N (male) adapter. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2-9 Installation See Figure 2-5 for installation details. ANTENNA NXE1 Radio A DATA TP64 Top View RJ45 DATA TP64 Rear Panel RJ45 NXE1 Radio B DATA Figure 2-5.NXE1-20 Hot Standby – with Transfer Panel 2.9.1 Hot/Cold Standby Modes Hot Standby ( *preferred) Hot standby leaves both transmitters in the RADIATE ON condition, and the transfer logic controls the RF relay to select the active transmitter, thereby decreasing switchover time. This is the preferred operating mode. Cold Standby Cold standby can be used in situations where lower power consumption is a priority. In this mode, the transfer logic will control the RADIATE function of each transmitter, turning the RF output ON (in tandem with the RF relay) as required for switching. This will increase switching time and a corresponding increase in data loss during the switchover. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Installation 2-10 2.9.2 Hot Standby Control using the Moseley TP64 2.9.2.1 TP64 Front Panel Controls and Indicators Note: See the following section for a detailed description of the Master/Slave logic implemented in the TP64. Figure 2-7. TP64 Front Panel LED Indicators Green: The indicated module is active, and that the module is performing within its specified limits. Yellow: The indicated module is in standby mode, ready and able for back-up transfer. Red: There is a fault with the corresponding module. It is not ready for backup, and the TP64 will not transfer to that module. TRANSFER Switches The RADIO A and RADIO B transfer switches cause the selected radio to become active, and the Master. See Section 3.4 (following) for further details. 2.9.2.2 Master/Slave Operation & LED Status The TP64 operates in a Master/Slave logic mode. In the power up condition, the Master is RADIO A. This means that RADIO A is the default active unit. The following logic applies to hot or cold standby, external or internal duplexer configurations. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2-11 Installation Table 2-3. TP64 Transmitter Master/Slave Logic B-Master Logic A-Master Logic Selected Master TXA Status OK OK FAIL FAIL OK OK FAIL FAIL TXB Status OK FAIL OK FAIL OK FAIL OK FAIL TXA LED GRN GRN RED RED YEL GRN RED RED TXB LED YEL RED GRN RED GRN RED GRN RED Active TX N/A N/A TX Relay Position Table 2-4. TP64 Receiver Master/Slave Logic B-Master Logic A-Master Logic Selected Master RXA Status OK OK FAIL FAIL OK OK FAIL FAIL RXB Status OK FAIL OK FAIL OK FAIL OK FAIL RXA LED GRN GRN RED RED YEL GRN RED RED RXB LED YEL RED GRN RED GRN RED GRN RED Active RX N/A N/A RX Data & Clk None None A-Master Logic (default power-up): If RADIO A is “good”, the TP64 will remain in RADIO A position, regardless of RADIO B’s status. If RADIO A fails, the TP64 will switch to RADIO B (assuming that RADIO B is “good”) If RADIO A then returns to a “good” condition, the TP64 will switch back to RADIO A (the default Master) Manual Switchover to B-Master Logic The front panel switch on the TP64 can be used to manually force the system to a new Master. By pressing the RADIO B button, RADIO B now becomes the Master, and the TP64 will switchover to RADIO B (assuming that RADIO B is “good”). The default A-Master Logic will then switch to B-Master Logic, as outlined in Tables 2-3 and 2-4. Note: Manual switching of the Master is often used to force the system over to the standby unit. The user may want to put more “time” on the standby unit after an extended period of service. In Hot Standby configurations, this will not buy the user anything in terms of reliability. In Cold Standby, the “burn time“ is more significant, since the RF power amplifier device operating life becomes a factor. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Installation 2.9.2.3 2-12 NXE1-20 Software Settings The full array of available settings for the Control and Configuration menus are located in Section 3—Operation of the Front Panel. Shown here are the applicable settings for redundant standby systems. Clock Settings For proper operation, the clock settings (located in the QAM Radio/Config/Modem Menu) must be set as follows: QAM Interface TRUNK Intfc Tx In Clock Clk Phase INVERTED Rx Clock Out Clk Phase NORMAL Trunk Out Clk Source EXTERNAL Clk Phase NORMAL Control Settings These settings configure the transmitter for hot (or cold) standby. It is important that each NXE1-20 radio in the redundant pair is configured identically for proper operation. In the SYSTEM TRANSFER menu: Transfer Tx Transfer ______ Rx Transfer ______ Tx Transfer: OFF: Turns Transmitter Transfer Mode OFF. Rx Transfer: OFF: Indicates the receivers are not switched. In the QAM Radio TX Control menu: QAM Radio Tx Control TX 602-95555-01 Rev A Radiate ______ NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2-13 Installation Tx Radiate: ON: 2.9.2.4 Configures the Transmitter to always RADIATE. TP64 Settings The TP64 software settings are contained in the internal firmware. Aside from the front panel RADIO A/B Master Select (as described above), there are no user-configurable settings in the TP64 unit. 2.9.3 Hot Standby Control with Single Unit 2.9.3.1 NXE1-20 Software Settings The full array of available settings for the Control and Configuration menus are located in Section 3—Operations. Shown here are the applicable settings for single systems. Clock Settings All controls and indications can be found on the NXE1-20 front panel LCD display (located in the QAM Radio/Config/ModA or ModB Menu). QAM Interface Intfc RADIO(BKPLN) Tx In Clock Clk Phase NORMAL Control Settings These settings configure the transmitter for hot (or cold) standby. It is important that each NXE1-20 radio in the redundant pair is configured identically for proper operation. In the SYSTEM TRANSFER menu: Transfer Tx Transfer ______ Rx Transfer ______ Tx Transfer: HOT: Configures the Transmitter for HOT STANDBY operation.*(preferred) COLD: Configures the Transmitter for COLD STANDBY operation. Rx Transfer: ON: Places the receivers in both active and transfer mode. In the QAM Radio TX Control menu: NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Installation 2-14 QAM Radio Tx Control TX Radiate ______ Tx Radiate: AUTO: 2.10 Software controls the RADIATE function. Site Installation The installation of the NXE1-20 involves several considerations. A proper installation is usually preceded by a pre-installation site survey of the facilities. The purpose of this survey is to familiarize the customer with the basic requirements needed for the installation to go smoothly. The following are some considerations to be addressed (refer to Figure 2-8 for Site Installation Details). Before taking the product to the installation site verify that the interface connections are compatible with the equipment to be connected. Also, locate the information provided by the path analysis that should have been performed before ordering the equipment. At the installation site, particular care should be taken in locating the product in an area where it is protected from the weather and as close to the antenna as possible. Locate the power source and verify that it is suitable for proper installation. The Installations should only be performed by qualified technical personnel only. 2.11 Antenna/Feed System 2.11.1 Antenna Installation For comp liance with FCC RF Exposure requirements the following has to be adhered to:- 1. All antenna installation and servicing is to be performed by qualified technical personnel only. When servicing the antenna, or working at distances closer than those noted below, ensure the transmitter has be disabled. 2. Typically, the antenna connected to the transmitter is a directional (high gain) antenna, fixed-mounted on the side or top of a building, or on a tower. Depending upon the application and the gain of the antenna, the total composite power could exceed 20 to 61watts EIRP. The antenna location should be such that only qualified technical personnel can access it, and that under normal operating conditions the antenna separation from the user is required to be located at the distance of 3.5meters or more. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2-15 Installation EIRP at the antenna is calculated as follows:Transmit power – Cable loss + Antenna Gain = EIRP Eg. +31.1dBm – 6dB(for 100m LDF5-50A) +36dBi = NXE1-20 Digital Radio 61.1Bmi 602-95555-01 Rev A 3 Front Panel Operation 3.1 Introduction This section describes the front panel operation of the NXE1-20 digital radio/modem. This includes: • LCD display (including all screen menus) • Cursor and screen control buttons • LED status indicators 3.2 Front Panel Operation A picture of the NXE1-20 front panel is depicted in Figure 3-1 below. Figure 3-1.NXE1-20 Front Panel 3.2.1 LCD Display The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) on the NXE1-20 front panel is the primary user interface and provides status, control, configuration, and calibration functionality. The menu navigation and various screens are explained in detail later in this section. NXE1 Digital Radio 602-13068-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-2 Backlight: An automatic backlight is built-in to the LCD for better clarity under low-light conditions. This backlight is enabled on power-up and will automatically turn off if there is no button activity by the user. The backlight will automatically turn on as soon as any button is pressed. Contrast Adjustment: Internal adjustment on board (in back of front panel button PCB). 3.2.2 Cursor and Screen Control Buttons The buttons on theNXE1-20 front panel are used for LCD screen interface and control functions: ENT ESC 602-95555-01 Rev AUsed to accept an entry (such as a value, a condition, or a menu choice). Used to “back up” a level in the menu structure without saving any current changes. , Used in most cases to move between the menu items. If there is another menu in the sequence when the bottom of a menu is reached, the display will automatically scroll to that menu. , Used to select between conditions (such as ON/OFF, ENABLED/DISABLED, LOW/HIGH, etc.) as well as to increase or decrease numerical values. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-3 Front Panel Operation 3.2.3 LED Status Indicators Table 3-1. LED Status Indicator Functions LED Name Function RX Receiver Green indicates that the receiver is enabled, the synthesizer is phase-locked, and a signal is being received. RXD Receive Data Green indicates that valid data is being received. BER Bit Error Rate Flashes red for each data error detected. FLT Fault General fault light (red). Consult the STATUS menus for out of tolerance conditions. LBK Loopback Red indicates analog or digital loopback is enabled. TXD Transmit Data TX Transmitter Green indicates the modem clock is phaselocked and data is being sent. Green indicates the transmitter is radiating, and the RF output (forward power) is above the factory-set threshold. 3.2.4 Screen Menu Tree Structure Figures 3-2a, b and c, located on pages 3-7, 3-8, 3-9 and 3-10, show the tree structure of the screen menu system. The figures group the screens into functional sets. There may be minor differences in the purchased unit, due to software enhancements and revisions. The current software revision may be noted in the SYSTEM sub-menu (under INFO). In general, will take you to the next screen from a menu choice, or will scroll through screens within a menu choice, and will take you back up one menu level. Certain configuration screens have exceptions to this rule, and are noted later in this section. CAUTION DO NOT change any settings in the CONFIGURE or CALIBRATE screens. The security lock-out features of the software may not be fully implemented, and changing a setting will most likely render the system non-operational! NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-4 3.3 Main Menu MAIN MENU METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM ALARMS/FAULTS Scroll NXE1 The main menu appears on system boot-up, and is the starting point for all screen navigation. Unlike most other screens in the software, the main menu scrolls up or down, one line item at a time. 3.3.1 Launch Screens The LAUNCH screen allows the user to quickly get to a particular screen within a functional grouping in the unit. The logic is slightly different than other screens. Figure 3-3 below contains a “Launch Screen Navigation Guide” to assist the user in locating the desired Radio screen. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-5 Front Panel Operation NXE1 MAIN MENU METER RADIO Scroll QAM SYSTEM ENT ALARMS/FAULTS Cycle through STATUS, CONTROL, CONFIGURE choices: QAM Radio Launch QAM Radio Launch STATUS MODEM QAM Radio Launch CONTROL MODEM CONFIGURE MODEM Move cursor to next line Cycle through MODEM, TX, RX choices: QAM Radio Launch QAM Radio Launch STATUS MODEM QAM Radio Launch STATUS TX STATUS RX ENT TX STATUS chosen, press ENTER to view. QAM Radio TX Status FreqA MHz Page down/up with down or up arrow. More Screens (see Menu Flow Diagram) ESC Press ESCAPE to return to previous levels. Figure 3-3. Launch Screen Navigation Guide NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-6 This page is intentionally blank. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-7 Front Panel Operation NXE1 MAIN MENU Scroll METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM ALARMS/FAULTS ALARMS FAULTS ALARMS FAULTS ALARMS/FAULTS System CARD VIEW POWER SUPPLY INFO BASIC CARD SETUP FACTORY CAL UNIT-WIDE PARAMS DATE/TIME TRANSFER EXTERNAL I/O METER Meter Bargraph DECDR 1 Backlight AUTO Led DSP Cards QAMOD RF TX RF RX Scroll SYSTEM Fault(s) Alarm(s) Total Alarms Since Reset-1 Total Faults Since Reset-1 Alarm(s) Fault(s) Rev Pwr > 0.25 W 15:20:24 6/29/00 Active B.Addr Basic Card CARD QAM Modem RF Tx Setup ID QMA TXA Cards Active B.Addr MUX 0 CH CD 1 ENCDR 1 CARD ID RF RX RXA AUDIO ENC ENC1 AUDIO AUDIO DEC DEC DEC1 Cards Active B.Addr DECDR 1 CARD ID MUX Chnl Cd Power Supply Primary AC 5.00 V +5VD 15.00 V +15VD MUX0 CHC1 Factory Calibrate RADIO TX System RADIO RX QAM Modem (see Factory Calibration submenu) Fwd Pwr < 0.5 W 15:18:43 6/29/00 Parameter Value Unit No. Main Title NXE1 Redundant ON System Day Month Year Date 29 06 00 Ext A/D Readings #1- 0.56 #2- 0.00 #3- 0.00 #4- 0.00 IP MSB IP IP IP LSB System Hour Minutes Seconds Time 15 35 48 Ext A/D Readings 207 71 217 191 SNMP MSB SNMP SNMP SNMP LSB 255 255 255 GW MSB GW GW GW LSB 207 71 217 191 #1 OFF Transfer Tx Transfer Rx Transfer #2 OFF #3 OFF #4 OFF Ext Relays OFF OFF RELAY CONTROLS MAP FAULTS-RELAYS Control Relays #1- OFF #2- ON #3- OFF #4- ON Faults Map to Relays? ON Ext D/A Output RX SIG LVL System Information SECURITY FIRMWARE **Note: USER Vx.xx "A" module and "Primary" screens are the default. "B" module and "Secondary" calibrations are available only when redundant systems are configured. NXE1 Digital Radio CALC BER ALWAYS RMT/LOC LOC Meter, System, Alarms/Faults Figure 3-2a Figure 3-2a LCD SCREEN MENU TREE LCD SCREEN MENU TREE 602-13068-01 Rev A 3-8 Front Panel Operation MAIN MENU METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM Select QAM RADIO to open Launch Screens (see text) ALARMS/FAULTS Scroll NXE1 QAM Radio - Launch Screens QAM RADIO MODEM A / B** QAM Radio Launch QAM Radio Launch STATUS MODA CONFIGURE MODEM QAM Modem -80dBm BER Post 0.000E+00 #Bits 0.000E+00 #Errors 0.000E+00 Qmdm DEMOD Baud DRT Enc 280.5 k 1535 k DVB QAM Modem -80dBm BER Pre 0.000E+00 #Bits 0.000E+00 #Errors 0.000E+00 Qmdm DEMOD Spctr Fltr Intrl SLOSS ES SES UNAS Qmdm Test 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 Qmdm MOD Baud IFMOD LOCK Intfc ClkSrc ClkPh Qmdm Synth AFC Qmdm MOD Baud DRT Enc Qmdm MOD Spctr Fltr Intrl 602-13068-01 Rev A NRML 18 Data Rt Intrlv Spctrm Fltr 2048 k INVRT 18 NORMAL Encode Test Loopback DVB PRBS23 CLR(OFF) LOCK 3.7 TRNK RECOV NORM Intfc 95 % 64Q Clk Ph Rx Out Data Src Clk Src Clk Ph QAM Radio Launch COPY MODEM STATUS TXA QAM Radio Config. Copy From POWER ON To POWER ON DTE(Trnk) Tx Clock Clk Source Clk Phase NRML 18 Fvers Xvers FreqA 948.0000 MHz TX Xmtr Fwd Rev FORC 1.00 W 0.00 W TX PA Cur Temp SYNTH 2.50 A 45 LOCK 1.5 2.1 AUTO Freq 948.0000 MHz QAM Radio TX Config LO Side LOW LO Freq 1020.000MHz LO Step 25.0 KHz DTV Menus on next page (Figure 3-2c) STATUS RXA QAM Radio Launch QAM Radio Launch CONTROL RXA CONFIGURE RXA NORMAL NORM QAM Radio RX Status Rx Clock Clk Source Clk Phase TX-A Radiate QAM Radio TX Config QAM RADIO RX Tx Clock Out NORM RECOV NORM 3.8 100 100 QAM Radio Launch CONFIGURE TXA QAM Radio TX Control EXT TXC NORMAL FreqA 948.0000 MHz QAM Radio RX Control RX Atten AUTO QAM Radio RX Config Freq 948.0000 MHz EXT TXC NORMAL Qmdm 280.5 k 1535 k DVB QAM Radio TX Status TX AFC LO Xctr QAM Radio Launch CONTROL TXA QAM Radio Launch Clk Phase QAM Radio Launch QAM Interface Tx Clk Out Qmdm IFOUT Mode 32Q/5 Tx CLOCK LOCK LOCK QAM Modem Configure Power-On Default Mode/Effic Qmdm Qmdm DEMOD Baud Fec QAM RADIO TX A / B** RX Rcvr RSL Atten FORC -80 dBm AUTO RX SYNTH AFC LO LOCK 4.4 VDC 100 % QAM Radio RX Config LO Side LOW LO Freq 1020.000MHz LO Step 25.0 KHz **Note:"A" module and "Primary" screens are the dault. "B" module and "Secondary" calibrations are available only when redundant systems are configured. Figure 3-2b Figure 3-2b LCD SCREEN MENU TREE LCD SCREEN MENU TREE NXE1 Digital Radio Front Panel Operation MAIN MENU METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM SYSTEM CAL 15V-RFA +5VD BATT +15VA Factory Calibration System ALARMS/FAULTS CARD VIEW POWER SUPPLY INFO BASIC CARD SETUP FACTORY CAL DATE/TIME TRANSFER EXTERNAL I/O Scroll NXE1 Scroll 3-9 Factory Calibrate RADIO TX SYSTEM RADIO RX QAM MODEM System Cal EXTERNAL ANALOG #1 #2 #3 #4 15V-RFA-Prim. Calib Extern A/D 1 Calib Reading Calibr Val Reading Calibr Val 15.00 14.50 15.00 12.00 Battery-Prim. Calib Extern A/D 2 Calib Reading Calibr Val Reading Calibr Val 15.00 14.50 +5VD Calib 15.00 12.00 Extern A/D 3 Calib Reading 15.00 Calibr Val-9999.00 Reading Calibr Val +15VA Calib 15.00 12.00 Extern A/D 4 Calib RADIO TX CAL Reading Calibr Val UNIT A UNIT B RADIO TX-A CAL FWD PWR ALC PA CUR REV PWR RADIO TX-B CAL FWD PWR ALC REV PWR PA CUR RADIO TX-A CAL AFC LVL LO LVL XCTR LVL RADIO TX-B CAL AFC LVL LO LVL XCTR LVL FWD PWR-A Calibr Pwr Adjust 190 27 Reading 1.00 Cal Value -9999.00 AFC LVL-A Calibr Reading 4.50 Calibr Val 0.85 FWD PWR-B Calibr Pwr Adjust 190 27 Reading 1.00 Cal Value -9999.00 AFC LVL-B Calibr Reading 4.50 Calibr Val 0.85 REV PWR-A Calibr Reading 0.25 W Cal Value -9999.00 LO LVL-A Calibr Reading 100 % Cal Value 52.94 % REV PWR-B Calibr Reading 0.25 W Cal Value -9999.00 ALC-A PA ALC Calibr AUTO PA Current-A Calib Reading 10.00 A 2.40 Cal Value 0.00 1.72 A XCTR LVL-A Calibr Reading 100 % Cal Value 100 % ALC-B PA ALC Calibr RADIO RX CAL UNIT A UNIT B UNIT A UNIT B MOD LVL AFC LVL QAM MODEM-B CAL OCXO SYNTH LVL MOD LVL AFC LVL RADIO RX-A CAL RSL AFC LVL LO LVL OCXO-A Cal Freq Adj 194 Mode SLAVE cw OFF OCXO-B Cal Freq Adj 194 Mode SLAVE cw OFF LO LVL-B Calibr Reading 100 % Cal Value 52.94 % Synth Lvl-A Cal Reading 100.0 Cal Value 96.00 Synth Lvl-B Cal Reading 100.0 Cal Value 96.00 Reading Calibr Val XCTR LVL-B Calibr Reading 100 % Cal Value 100 % Mod Lvl-A Cal Reading 100.00 Cal Value 95.96 Mod Lvl-B Cal Reading 100.00 Cal Value 95.96 LO LVL-A CAL 100 Reading Calibr Val 4.05 AFC Lvl-A CAL Reading 4.50 Cal Value 3.67 AFC Lvl-B CAL Reading 4.50 Cal Value 3.67 AUTO PA Current-B Calib Reading 10.00 A 2.40 Cal Value 0.00 1.72 A Note: "B" Module and "Secondary" calibrations are available only when redundant systems are configured. "A" module and "Primary" screens are the default. NXE1 Digital Radio Reading Calibr Val QAM MODEM CAL QAM MODEM-A CAL OCXO SYNTH LVL 15.00 14.50 RSL-A CAL Hi Reading -50.00 Lo Reading -70.00 Calibr Val 0.00 AFC LVL-A CAL 4.50 4.05 15.00 12.00 RADIO RX-B CAL RSL AFC LVL LO LVL RSL-B CAL Hi Reading Lo Reading Calibr Val -50.00 -70.00 0.00 AFC LVL-B CAL Reading Calibr Val 4.50 4.05 LO LVL-B CAL Reading 100 Calibr Val 4.05 Figure Figure 3-2d 4-2c Figure 4-2c SL9003Q LCD SCREEN SCREEN MENU MENU TREE TREE SL9003Q SCREEN MENU TREE 602-13068-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-10 3.4 Screen Menu Summaries The following tables and text provide a screen view for that topic as well as the functions and settings of that screen. The order follows the Screen Menu Tree (Figures 3-2a, b, and c) with the exception of the QAM Radio screens, which are grouped in the STATUS, CONTROL and CONFIGURE categories. Outline of Section 3.4 (Screen Menu Summaries) A summary of each function is also provided. 3.4.1 Meter Meter Bargraph Led Dsp DECDR 1 Function Settings Summary Bargraph ENCDR1, 2, etc… DECDR1, 2, etc… NONE Selects the desired audio source for display on the audio level bargraph Turns off the bargraph The status of Radio A or Radio B is displayed on the LEDs on the front panel. Led Dsp 3.4.2 System: Card View Cards Active B.Addr QAMOD A RF TX A RF RX A Cards Active B.Addr MUX 0 CH CD 1 ENCDR 1 Cards Active B.Addr DECDR 1 Function 602-95555-01 Rev A Settings Summary NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-11 Cards Active Front Panel Operation RF RX A QAM Receiver RF Module installed in QAM Radio “A” slots (base address 0) Audio Decoder #1 installed (base address 1) Audio Encoder #1 installed (base address 2) QAM Modem Module installed in QAM Radio “A” slots (base address 3) QAM Transmitter RF Module installed in QAM “A” slots (base address 4) Intelligent Multiplexer #0 installed (base address 5) DECDR 1 ENCDR 1 QAMOD A RF TX A MUX 0 CH CD 1 Note: The card view screen gives the user a list of all installed cards in the unit. The base address (B. Addr) is listed for diagnostic purposes only. 3.4.3 System: Power Supply Power Supply Status Primary AC 5.00 V +5VD 15.00 V +15VD Function Primary +5 VD +15 VD Settings AC DC 0-9.99 5.20 V 0-99.9 15.2 V nominal nominal Summary Indicates type of supply in primary slot A: Universal AC input DC Option Voltage level of the main +5 volt supply Voltage level of the main +15 volt supply 3.4.4 System: Info System Information Unit No. Security USER Firmware V.2.04 Function Unit No. SECURITY FIRMWARE Settings 1,2,3,… Lockout User (default) Factory V x.xx NXE1-20 Digital Radio Summary Identification for NMS system Indicates access level of security: No control available Limited control of parameters Full configure and calibration Revision of front panel screen menu software 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3.4.5 System: 3-12 Basic Card Setup Basic Card Card QAM Modem RF Tx Function QAM Modem RF Tx RF Rx Audio Enc Setup Id QMA TXA Card RF Rx Audio Enc Audio Dec Id RXA ENC1 DEC1 Card MUX Chnl Cd Id MUX0 CHC1 Summary QAM Modem installed in QAM Radio slots A or B QAM Transmitter installed in QAM Radio slots A or B QAM Receiver installed in QAM Radio slots A or B Audio Encoder installed and identified (affects meter selection of bargraph) Audio Dec DEC1,2,… Audio Decoder installed and identified (affects meter selection of bargraph) MUX MUX 0,1,… Mux Module installed and identified Chnl Cd CHC 1,2,… Channel Card installed and identified Note: These are factory settings of installed cards, used to control appropriate displays in the CARD VIEW screens. 602-95555-01 Rev A Settings QMA, QMB TXA, TXB RXA, RXB ENC1,2,… NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-13 Front Panel Operation Note: Pressing e n t e r at each ID type brings up another screen with the Card Function shown and the question: In System? Is displayed. Depending upon the card type, this screen also indicates the base address. These windows are shown below: QAM Modem A In system? YES Radio TX A In system? YES Radio RX A In system? YES Encoder In system? Base addr Decoder In system? Base addr 3.4.6 System: YES Mux 0 In system? YES Chnl Base Addr 0 Hooked to Radio NO Mux Channel 1 NONE 2 NONE Types 3 NONE 4 NONE Channel Card In system? Base addr YES Channel Card 1 Channel Types 1 NONE 3 NONE 2 NONE 4 NONE YES Factory Calibration Factory Calibrate RADIO TX RADIO RX QAM Modem System The Factory Calibration Screens are documented in Figure 3 -2 (Screen Menu Tree). The user may refer to this diagram when instructed to do so by customer service technicians. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3.4.7 System: 3-14 Unit-Wide Parameters Parameter Unit No. Main Title Redundant Value NXE1 ON IP MSB IP IP IP LSB 207 71 237 115 SNM MSB SNM SNM SNM LSB 255 255 255 GW MSB GW GW GW LSB 207 71 237 254 Calc BER always RMT/LOC Function Unit No. Main Title IP Settings 1,2,3,… TRANSMITTER, RECEIVER, TRANSCEIVER T1 DTV Link NXE1 ON OFF Integer (0-255) SNM Integer GW Integer Calc BER always RMT LOC Redundant 602-95555-01 Rev A LOC Summary Identification for NMS system Determines main menu display and affects screen menu selection of modules Hot Standby Dual Radio operation. Single Radio operation. Internet Protocol (IP) address of the device. These values must be set for the device to possess network capabilities. Subnet Mask of the device. Only needs to be set if the device is to use its network capabilities. Subnetting allows network administrators additional flexibility in defining relationships among network hosts. The default Gateway of the device. The Gateway address is configured by the network administrator. This address informs each device where to send data if the target station does not reside on the same subnet as the source. (Remote) Use RMT only in SNMP mode. (Local) Put in local. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-15 Front Panel Operation 3.4.8 System: Date/Time System Date Day 29 06 Month Year 98 System Hour Minute Second Function Day Month Year Hour Minute Second Settings 01-31 01-12 00-99 00-23 00-59 00-59 3.4.9 System: Time 15 35 48 Summary Sets the system date used for NMS and Fault/Alarm logging After selection, press ENTER to save Sets the system time used for NMS and Fault/Alarm logging After selection, press ENTER to save Transfer Transfer Tx Transfer Rx Transfer Function TX Transfer RX Transfer Settings OFF HOT COLD OFF ON NXE1-20 Digital Radio OFF OFF Summary Configures the internal logic for transfer panel (TP64) TX control Configures the internal logic for transfer panel (TP64) RX control 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-16 3.4.10 External I/O Ext A/D Readings #1- 0.56 #3- 0.00 #2- 0.00 #4- 0.00 Ext Status Readings #1 OFF #2 OFF #3 OFF #4 OFF Control Relays Ext Relays RELAY CONTROLS MAP FAULTS-RELAYS #1- OFF #3- OFF #2- ON #4- ON Faults Map to Relays? ON Ext D/A Output Function Ext A/D Readings Ext Status Readings Ext Relays Map FaultsRelays Ext D/A Output 602-95555-01 Rev A RX SIG LVL Settings #1, #2, #3, #4 Summary Voltage readings via the NMS I/O card #1, #2, #3, #4 Logic Level readings via the NMS I/O card #1, #2, #3, #4 ON OFF RX SIG LVL NOTHING TX FWD PWR Control of relays at the NMS I/O card Maps pre-determined fault conditions to trigger relays at the NMS I/O card External output follows Receive Signal Level. External output follows nothing. External output follows Transmit Forward Power. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-17 Front Panel Operation 3.4.11 Alarms Alarm(s) Total Alarms Since Reset-1 Alarm(s) Rev Pwr > 0.25 W 15:20:24 6/29/98 Module QAM RF TX QAM RF RX QAM MODEM Modulator only Parameter Reverse Power PA Current LO Level Exciter Level RSL LO Level BER Synth Level Modem Level Nominal 0.05 Watt 2.5 Amp 100% 100% -30 to –90 dBm 100% 100% 100% Trip Value > 0.25 Watt > 3.0 Amp < 50% < 50% < 50% >1.00E-04 < 50% < 50% Alarm definition: A specific parameter is out of tolerance, but is NOT crucial for proper system operation. ALARMS are cautionary only, and indicates a degradation in a system parameter. Logging: All fault and alarm events are logged with the date and time. Alarm screen reset: After viewing the screen, press ENTER to clear all logs entries. If the alarm has been corrected, no new logs will be generated. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-18 3.4.12 Faults Fault(s) Total Faults Since Reset-1 Fault(s) Fwd Pwr < 0.5 W 15:18:43 6/29/98 Module QAM RF TX Parameter Nominal Trip Value Forward Power 1.0 Watt < 0.5 Watt AFC Lock Lock Unlock PA Temp 40 deg C >80 deg C QAM RF RX AFC Lock Lock Unlock QAM MODEM AFC Lock Lock Unlock Mbaud Lock Unlock Dbaud Lock Unlock Dfec Lock Unlock Fault definition: A specific parameter is out of tolerance and is crucial for proper system operation. Logging: All fault and alarm events are logged with the date and time. Fault screen reset: After viewing the screen, press ENTER to clear all logs entries. If the fault has been corrected, no new logs will be generated. 3.4.13 G821 Parameters SLOSS QAM Modem0.000E ES 0.000E SES 0.000E UNAS 0.000E Function SLOSS Settings 0.000E +00 ES SES UNAS 0.000E +00 0.000E +00 0.000E +00 602-95555-01 Rev A +00 +00 +00 +00 Summary Number of times the signal has been lost for more than 10 seconds Errored seconds Severely errored seconds Unavailable seconds NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-19 Front Panel Operation 3.4.14 QAM Modem Status QAM -80 dBm QAM Modem Modem BER Post 0.00E+00 #Bits 0.0000E+00 #Errors 0.0000E+00 QAM Modem -80 dBm BER Pre 0.00E+00 #Bits 0.0000E+00 #Errors 0.0000E+00 Function BER Post Settings 0.00E-00 BER Pre 0.00E-00 # Bits # Errors 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 NXE1-20 Digital Radio Note: Received Signal Level Summary Post-FEC (Forward Error Correction) Bit Error Rate since last “ENTER” reset Pre-FEC (Forward Error Correction) Bit Error Rate since last “ENTER” reset # of Bits counted since last “ENTER” reset # of Errors counted since last “ENTER” reset 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-20 QAM Modem Status (continued) Qmdm MOD Baud IFMOD Qmdm LOCK IFOUT Mode LOCK LOCK Qmdm MOD Baud DRT Enc 280.5 k 1535 k DVB LOCK 3.7 Qmdm MOD Spctr Fltr Intrl NRML 18 Qmdm DEMOD Baud Fec Qmdm Synth AFC 95 64Q Function Settings Summary BAUD LOCK (default) UNLOCK 0 – 100% 100% NOM LOCK (default) UNLOCK LOCK (default) UNLOCK LOCK (default) UNLOCK 0 – 9.9 VDC 3.7 VDC (nominal) 0 – 100% 100% (nominal) 16-64Q 280.5 K 1535 K DVB NRML 18 % Indicates modulator PLL is locked to incoming data clock IFMOD BAUD FEC SYNTH AFC IFOUT Mode BAUD DRT ENC SPCTR FLTR INTRL Indicates demodulator PLL is locked to incoming data clock Indicates FEC decoder is synchronized Confirms 70 MHz IF synthesizer is phase locked 70 MHz IF synthesizer AFC voltage Modulator level Modulation mode:16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM Symbol rate Data rate Encoding mode Spectrum Normal or Invert Nyquist filter Interleave Depth Continued on next page. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-21 Front Panel Operation QAM Modem Status (continued) Qmdm DEMOD 280.5 k Baud DRT 1535 k Enc DVB TX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm Qmdm DEMOD Spctr NRML Fltr 18 Intrl Clk Ph Qmdm Test NORMAL RX OUT Data Src Norm Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm TRNK FVers XVers Qmdm Intfc Intfc Function BAUD DRT0 ENC SPCTR FLTR INTRL TEST Interface Clk Src (Tx Clock) Clk Ph (Tx Clock) Clk Ph (Tx Clock Out) Data Src (Rx Out) TX CLK OUT Norm Qmdm Settings 280.5 K 1535 K DVB NRML 18 % NORMAL Trunk Internal, EXT TXC, EXT RXC, Recovered Inverted, Normal 1.5 2.1 Summary Symbol rate Data rate Encoding mode Spectrum Normal or Invert Nyquist filter Interleave Depth Internal Test Pattern Generator Active Interface Clock source of the Transmitter. Clock Phase of the Transmitter. Inverted, Normal Clock Phase of the Transmitter Clock Out. Norm, RPT, Loop Data Source of the Receiver Out. Normal means the source is either BKPLN or TRNK; RPT sets the radio to Repeater; Loop sets the radio to loopback mode. Clock Source of the Receiver Out. Internal, EXT TXC, Clk Src (Rx EXT RXC, Recov Out) Norm, Inverted Clk Ph (Rx Clock Phase of the Receiver Out. Out) Fvers Xvers Internal is the internal clock of the NXE1; EXT TXC is the External Transmit Clock; EXT RXC is the External Receive Clock; Recovered is the recovered clock from the receiving RF. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-22 3.4.15 QAM Radio TX Status DTV Menus QAM Radio Freq Tx PA Cur Temp Synth Tx AFC LO Xctr FWD REV PA CUR TEMP SYNTH AFC LO XCTR 602-95555-01 Rev A Status xxxx.xxx TX Xmtr Fwd Rev Function Freq A XMTR TX FORC 1.00 0.00 MHz QAM Radio TX Status Freq xxxx.xxx TX Xmtr FORC MHz Tx 2.50 45 LOCK 3.8 100 100 Settings 2300.00MHz TRAFFIC FORCED (default) 0 – 9.99 Watt 1.00 Watt (nominal) 0 – 9.99 Watt 0.07 Watt (nominal) 0.00– 9.99 Amp 2.40 Amp (nominal) 0– 99.9 deg C 45.0 deg C (nominal) LOCK (default) UNLOCK 0 – 9.9 VDC 3.8 VDC (nominal) 0 – 99.9% 100% (nominal) 0 – 99.9% 100% (nominal) LOCK Synth Tx AFC LO Xctr 3.8 100 100 Summary Displays the transmitter output carrier frequency Status of transmitter: ON in a hot standby mode Forced ON Output Power of TX. This menu item does not appear when the unit is configured for DTV. Reverse (or reflected) power at antenna port. This menu item does not appear when the unit is configured for DTV. Power amplifier current consumption. This menu item does not appear when the unit is configured for DTV. Power amplifier temperature. This menu item does not appear when the unit is configured for DTV. st Indicates phase lock of the 1 LO st 1 LO PLL AFC Voltage st 1 LO relative power level Transmit module’s relative output power level NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-23 Front Panel Operation 3.4.16 QAM Radio RX Status QAM Radio Freq RX Rcvr RSL Atten RX xxxx.xx FORC -80 AUTO RX SYNTH AFC LO Function Freq A XMTR Settings 2300.00 MHz FORCED (default) -30.0 to -90.0 dBm ATTEN SYNTH AFC LO MHz dBm LOCK 4.4 100.0 % Summary Displays the receiver operating frequency Transfer status of receiver: Is operating, ready for transfer TRAFFIC RSL Status AUTO (default) ON OFF LOCK (default) UNLOCK 0 – 9.9 VDC 3.5 VDC (nominal) 0 – 99.9% 100% (nominal) Is operating, will not transfer (forced ON) Received signal level (signal strength) Nominal level dependent upon customer path/system gain Receiver PIN attenuator setting: Controlled by internal software Forced ON Forced Off st Indicates phase lock of the 1 LO st 1 LO PLL AFC Voltage st 1 LO relative power level 3.4.17 QAM Radio TX Control QAM Radio TX Control TX Radiate Function TX-A Radiate Settings AUTO (default) ON OFF NXE1-20 Digital Radio AUTO Summary Transmitter radiating, but folds back output power on high antenna VSWR (REV PWR) Transmitter radiating Transmitter not radiating 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-24 3.4.18 QAM Radio RX Control QAM Radio RX Control RX Atten Function RX-A ATTEN 602-95555-01 Rev A AUTO Settings AUTO (default) Summary ON, and is activated on high signal level ON OFF ON always OFF NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-25 Front Panel Operation 3.4.19 QAM Modem Configure QAM Modem Configure Power-On Default 32Q/5 Mode/Effic Data Rt Intrlv Spctrm Fltr Encode Test Loopback Function Interface DATA RATE INTERLEAVE SPECTRUM FILTER ENCODING TEST Loopback NXE1-20 Digital Radio 2048 k INVRT 18 DVB PRBS23 CLR(OFF) Settings QPSK/2, 16Q/4, 32Q/5, 64Q/6, 128Q/7, 256Q/8 N x 64 kbps, 3 (default) 12 2,17 2,34 2,51 2,68 2,102 2,204 INVERT (default) Summary Default is 64QAM 18 15 (default) 12 DVB (default) NORMAL (default) PRBS15, PRBS23 CLR (Off) RMT+LOC RPTR Nyquist roll-off factor Valid range depends upon configuration. Interleave depth. 1 to 204 Raw data format Test pattern length Loopback mode 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-26 QAM Modem Configure (continued) QAM Interface DTE Trnk Intfc TX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm Clk Ph TX Clk Out Norm RX Out Data Src Norm Clk Src Norm Clk Ph Norm Qmdm FVERS XVER Function Interface Settings Trunk Radio (bkpln) Clk Src (Tx Clock) Internal, EXT TXC, EXT RXC, Recovered Inverted, Normal Clk Ph (Tx Clock) Clk Ph (Tx Clock Out) Data Src (Rx Out) 1.5 2.1 Summarys Uses Trunk for I/O. Uses Backplane for I/O. Clock source of the Transmitter. Clock Phase of the Transmitter. Inverted, Normal Clock Phase of the Transmitter Clock Out. Norm, RPT, Loop Data Source of the Receiver Out. Normal means the source is either BKPLN or TRNK; RPT sets the radio to Repeater; Loop sets the radio to loopback mode. Clock Source of the Receiver Out. Internal, EXT TXC, Clk Src (Rx EXT RXC, Recov Out) Clk Ph (Rx Out) Norm, Inverted Clock Phase of the Receiver Out. Fvers Xvers Internal is the internal clock of the NXE1-20; EXT TXC is the External Transmit Clock; EXT RXC is the External Receive Clock; Recovered is the recovered clock from the receiving RF. NOTE: See the User Clock Options Conceptual Diagram in Figure 3 -4 below for clarification. 3.4.19.1 Typical Configuration A typical installation of NXE1-20 Digital Radios involves configuring each NXE1-20 as either Data Communications Equipment (DCE) or as Data Terminal Equipment (DCE), as illustrated below: 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-27 Front Panel Operation Tx Clock Rx Clock Telecom Equipment Configured as DTE Configured Configured as DCE as DTE Repeater (DCE coupled with a DTE) Configured as DCE A DCE coupled together with a DTE enables the signal to be relayed to another DCE. This configuration is called a Repeater. A network can consist of as many Repeaters as necessary. The following sub-sections describe how to configure the NXE1-20 a DCE or as a DTE. 3.4.19.2 NXE1-20 as Data Communications Equipment (DCE) By default, the NXE1-20 is configured as Data Communications Equipment (DCE). In the mode, the device recovers the transmitted clocks and effectively performs as a modem. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-28 Configured as DCE To configure the NXE1-20 as a DCE, select the following clock settings in the System menu: QAM Inerface Intfc DCE Trunk TX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm TX CLK OUT Clk Ph Norm RX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm 3.4.19.3 NXE1-20 as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) When configured as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE), the NXE1-20 gets its clock from an external source, such as a telecommunications device. Tx Clock Rx Clock Telecom Equipment Configured as DTE 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-29 Front Panel Operation To configure the NXE1-20 as a DTE, make the following clock selections in the System menu: QAM Interface Intfc DTE Trunk TX CLOCK Clk Src EXT TXC Clk Ph Norm TX CLK OUT Clk Ph Norm RX CLOCK Clk Src EXT TXC Clk Ph Norm NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3.4.19.4 3-30 User Clock Options Conceptual Diagram Figure 3-4. User Clock Options Conceptual Diagram 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-31 Front Panel Operation 3.4.20 QAM Radio TX Configure QAM Radio Freq TX Config xxxx.xx MHz press 'ENTER' QAM Radio TX Config LO Side LOW LO Freq 1020.0000 MHz LO Step 25.0 KHz press 'ESC' Save Setting ? No press "Left arrow" to say YES press 'ENTER' Function FREQ Settings 2300.00 MHz LO Side LOW HIGH 2370 MHz 25.0 KHz LO Freq LO Step NXE1-20 Digital Radio Summary Displays the frequency o f the transmitter and allows the user to make frequency changes. LOW: LO freq is less than carrier freq. High: LO freq is greater than carrier freq. Programming frequency step size 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-32 3.4.21 QAM Radio RX Configure QAM Radio Freq RX Config xxxx.xx MHz press 'ENTER' QAM Radio RX Config LO Side LOW LO Freq 1020.0000 MHz LO Step 25.0 KHz press 'ESC' Save Setting ? No press "Left arrow" to say YES press 'ENTER' Function FREQ Settings 2300.00MHz LO Side LOW HIGH 2370.00 MHz 25.0 KHz LO Freq LO Step Summary Displays the frequency of the receiver and allows the user to make frequency changes. LOW: LO freq is less than carrier freq. High: LO freq is greater than carrier freq. Programming frequency step size 3.5 NMS/CPU PC Configuration Software The NMS/CPU card is configured with a Windows-based PC software package. The hardware is accessed through the serial port on the NMS card back panel. See the manual for Moseley NXE1-20 Configuration Software for more information. 3.6 Up/Down Converter: Frequency Adjust 3.6.1 TX Frequency Adjust It is possible to change the carrier frequency of the transmitter via the front panel. Before changing frequency ensure that this is carried out in a controlled environment with test equipment to ensure that you are transmitting the defined frequency: 1. Power-up the unit and navigate the LCD screens as follows: 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 3-33 Front Panel Operation QAM Radio Launch CONFIGURE TXA QAM Radio Freq TX Config xxxx.xx MHz 1. Using the cursors, change to the desired frequency. Press ENTER and the TX will most likely lose AFC LOCK. 2. Navigate the LCD screens to monitor the AFC voltage as follows QAM Radio Launch STATUS TXA TX AFC LO Xctr 4.5 50 50 VDC 1. Ensure that the voltage reads 0.5 to 9.5 +/- .25 VDC. 2. The TX should achieve AFC LOCK and the operation is successful. 3.6.2 AFC Level—RX It is possible to change the operating frequency of the receiver via the front panel. Before changing frequency ensure that this is carried out in a controlled environment with test equipment to ensure that you are transmitting the defined frequency: 1. Power-up the unit and navigate the LCD screens as follows: QAM Radio Launch CONFIGURE RXA QAM Freq RADIO RX Config xxxx.xx MHz 1. Using the cursors, change to the desired frequency. Press ENTER and the RX will most likely lose AFC LOCK. 2. Navigate the LCD screens to monitor the AFC voltage as follows NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Front Panel Operation 3-34 QAM Radio Launch STATUS RXA RX SYNTH AFC LO LOCK 4.5 VDC 100 % 3. Ensure that the voltage reads 0.5 to 9.5 +/- .25 VDC. 4. The RX should achieve AFC LOCK and the operation is successful. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 4 Data Interface Cables MUX CHANNEL HD15M INDICATES TWISTED PAIR V.35 FEMALE (DCE) 13 14 AA 10 11 TXD_I_A TXD_I_B RXD_O_A RXD_O_B TXC_I_A TXC_I_B TXC_O_A TXC_O_B RXC_O_A RXC_O_B SIG_GND SHIELD CONN SHELL GND SEND DATA (A) SEND DATA (B) RECEIVE DATA (A) RECEIVE DATA (B) TERMINAL TIMING (A) TERMINAL TIMING (B) SEND TIMING (A) SEND TIMING (B) RECEIVE TIMING (A) RECEIVE TIMING (B) SIGNAL GROUND REQUEST TO SEND CLEAR TO SEND DATA SET READY DATA TERMINAL READY RECEIVE LINE SIGNAL DETECTOR CHASSIS GROUND Figure 4-10. Mux Channel – V.35 (DCE) NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Appendix 4-2 Figure 4-12. Trunk to Trunk Cable (Mux-Trunk Null) 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 5-3 Appendix 5 Appendix 5.1 Path Evaluation Information 5.1.1 Introduction 5.1.1.1 Line of Site For the proposed installation sites, one of the most important immediate tasks is to determine whether line-of-site is available. The easiest way to determine line-of-site is simply to visit one of the proposed antenna locations and look to see that the path to the opposite location is clear of obstructions. For short distances, this may be done easily with the naked eye, while sighting over longer distances may require the use of binoculars. If locating the opposing site is difficult, you may want to try using a mirror, strobe light, flag, weather balloon or compass (with prior knowledge of site coordinates). 5.1.1.2 Refraction Because the path of a radio beam is often referred to as line-of-site, it is often thought of as a straight line in space from transmitting to receiving antenna. The fact that it is neither a line, nor is the path straight, leads to the rather involved explanations of its behavior. A radio beam and a beam of light are similar in that both consist of electromagnetic energy; the difference in their behavior is principally due to the difference in frequency. A basic characteristic of electromagnetic energy is that it travels in a direction perpendicular to the plane of constant phase; i.e., if the beam were instantaneously cut at right angle to the direction of travel, a plane of uniform phase would be obtained. If, on the other hand, the beam entered a medium of nonuniform density and the lower portion of the beam traveled through the denser portion of the medium, its velocity would be less than that of the upper portion of the beam. The plane of uniform phase would then change, and the beam would bend downward. This is refraction, just as a light beam is refracted when it moves through a prism. The atmosphere surrounding the earth has the non-uniform characteristics of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity, which are the parameters that determine the dielectric constant, and therefore the velocity of radio wave propagation. The earth’s atmosphere is therefore the refracting medium that tends to make the radio horizon appear closer or farther away. 5.1.1.3 Fresnel Zones The effect of obstacles, both in and near the path, and the terrain, has a bearing on the propagation of radio energy from one point to another. The nature of these effects depends upon many things, including the position, shape, and height of obstacles, nature of the terrain, and whether the effects of concern are primary or secondary effects. Primary effects, caused by an obstacle that blocks the direct path, depend on whether it is totally or partially blocking, whether the blocking is in the vertical or the horizontal plane, and the shape and nature of the obstacle. NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Appendix 5-4 The most serious of the secondary effect is reflection from surfaces in or near the path, such as the ground or structures. For shallow angle microwave reflections, there will be a 180° (half wavelength) phase shift at the reflection point. Additionally, reflected energy travels farther and arrives later, directly increasing the phase delay. The difference in distance traveled by the direct waves and the reflected waves, expressed in wavelengths of the carrier frequency, is added to the half wavelength delay caused by reflection. Upon arrival at the receiving antenna, the reflected signal is likely to be out of phase with the direct signal, and may tend to add to or cancel the direct signal. The extent of direct signal cancellation (or augmentation) by a reflected signal depends on the relative powers of the direct and the reflected signals, and on the phase angle between them. Maximum augmentation will occur when the signals are exactly in phase. This will be the case when the total phase delay is equal to one wavelength (or equal to any integer multiple of the carrier wavelength); this will also be the case when the distance traveled by the reflected signal is longer than the direct path by an odd number multiple of one-half wavelength. Maximum cancellation will occur when the signals are exactly out of phase, or when the phase delay is an odd multiple of one-half wavelength, which will occur when the reflected waves travel an integer multiple of the carrier wavelength farther than the direct waves. Note that the first cancellation maximum on a shallow angle reflective path will occur when the phase delay is one and one-half wavelengths, caused by a path one wavelength longer than the direct path. The direct radio path, in the simplest case, follows a geometrically straight line from transmitting antenna to receiving antenna. However, geometry shows that there exist an infinite number of points from which a reflected ray reaching the receiving antenna will be out of phase with the direct rays by exactly one wavelength. In ideal conditions, these points form an ellipsoid of revolution, with the transmitting and receiving antennas at the foci. This ellipsoid is defined as the first Fresnel zone. Any waves reflected from a surface that coincides with a point on the first Fresnel zone, and received by the receiving antenna, will be exactly in phase with the direct rays. This zone should not be violated by intruding obstructions, except by specific design amounts. The first Fresnel zone, or more accurately the first Fresnel zone radius, is defined as the perpendicular distance from the direct ray line to the ellipsoidal surface at a given point along the microwave path. It is calculated as follows: F 1 = 2280 × [(d1×d2) / (f × (d1+d2))]½ feet Where, d1 and d2 = distances in statute miles from a given point on a microwave path to the ends of the path (or path segment). f = frequency in MHz. F1 = first Fresnel zone radius in feet. There are in addition, of course, the second, third, fourth, etc. Fresnel zones, and these may be easily computed, at the same point along the microwave path, by multiplying the first Fresnel zone radius by the square root of the desired Fresnel zone number. All odd numbered Fresnel zones are additive, and all even numbered Fresnel zones are canceling. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 5-5 5.1.1.4 Appendix K Factors The matter of establishing antenna elevations to provide minimum fading would be relatively simple was it not for atmospheric effects. The antennas could easily be placed at elevations somewhere between free space loss and first Fresnel zone clearance over the predominant surface or obstruction, reflective or not, and the transmission would be expected to remain stable. Unfortunately, the effective terrain clearance changes, due to changes in the air dielectric with consequent changes in refractive bending. As described earlier, the radio beam is almost never a precisely straight line. Under a given set of meteorological conditions, the microwave ray may be represented conveniently by a straight line instead of a curved line if the ray is drawn on a fictitious earth representation of radius K times that of earth's actual radius. The K factor in propagation is thus the ratio of effective earth radius to actual earth radius. The K factor depends on the rate of change of refractive index with height and is given as: K = 157/157+dN/dh Where, N is the radio refractivity of air. dN/dh is the gradient of N per kilometer. The radio refractivity of air for frequencies up to 30 GHz is given as: N = (77.6P/T) + (3.73 x 105 )(e/T2) Where, P = total atmospheric pressure in millibars. T = absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin. e = partial pressure of water vapor in millibars. The P/T term is frequently referred to as the "dry" term and the e/T2 term as the "wet" term. K factors of 1 are equivalent to no ray bending, while K factors above 1 are equivalent to ray bending away from the earth's surface and K factors below 1 (earth bulging) are equivalent to ray bending towards the earth's surface. The amount of earth bulge at a given point along the path is given by: NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Appendix 5-6 h = (2d1xd2)/3K Where, h = earth bulge in feet from the flat-earth reference. d1 = distance in miles (statute) from a given end of the microwave path to an arbitrary point along the path. d2 = distance in miles (statute) from the opposite end of the microwave path to the same arbitrary point along the path. K = K-factor considered. Three K values are of particular interest in this connection: 1. Minimum value to be expected over the path. This determines the degree of "earth bulging" and directly affects the requirements for antenna height. It also establishes the lower end of the clearance range over which reflective path analysis must be made, in the case of paths where reflections are expected. 2. Maximum value to be expected over the path. This leads to greater than normal clearance and is of significance primarily on reflective paths, where it establishes the upper end of the clearance range over which reflective analysis must be made. 3. Median or "normal" value to be expected over the path. Clearance under this condition should be at least sufficient to give free space propagation on non-reflective paths. Additionally, on paths with significant reflections, the clearance under normal conditions should not fall at or near an even Fresnel zone. For most applications the following criteria are considered acceptable: K = 1.33 and CF = 1.0 F1 K = 1.0 and CF = 0.6 F1 K = 0.67 and CF = 0.3 F1 Where CF is the Fresnel zone clearance and F1 is the first Fresnel zone radius. 5.1.1.5 Path Profiles Using ground elevation information obtained from the topographical map, a path profile should be prepared using either true earth or 4/3 earth's radius graph paper. To obtain a clear path, all obstacles in the path of the rays must be cleared by a distance of 0.6 of the first Fresnel zone radius. Be sure to include recently erected structures, such as buildings, towers, water tanks, and so forth, that may not appear on the map. Draw a straight line on the path profile clearing any obstacle in the path by the distance determined above. This line will then indicate the required antenna and/or tower height necessary at each end. If it is impossible to provide the necessary clearance for a clear path, a minimum clearance of 30 feet should be provided. Any path with less than 0.6 first Fresnel zone clearance, but more than 30 feet can generally be considered a grazing path. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 5-7 Appendix 5.1.2 Path Analysis 5.1.2.1 Overview Path analysis is the means of determining the system performance as a function of the desired path length, required equipment configuration, prevailing terrain, climate, and characteristics of the area under consideration. The path analysis takes into account these parameters and yields the net system performance, referred to as path availability (or path reliability). Performing a path analysis allows you to specify the antenna sizes required to achieve the required path availability. A path analysis is often the first thing done in a feasibility study. The general evaluation can be performed before expending resources on a more detailed investigation. The first order of business for performing a path analysis is to complete a balance sheet of gains and losses of the radio signal as it travels from the transmitter to the receiver. "Gain" refers to an increase in output signal power relative to input signal power, while "loss" refers to signal attenuation, or a reduction in power level ("loss" does not refer to total interruption of the signal). Both gains and losses are measured in decibels (dB and dBm), the standard unit of signal power. The purpose of completing the balance sheet is to determine the power level of the received signal as it enters the receiver electronics—in the absence of multipath and rain fading; this is referred to as the unfaded received signal level. Once this is known, the fade margin of the system can be determined. The fade margin is the difference between the unfaded received signal level and the receiver sensitivity (the minimum signal level required for proper receiver operation). The fade margin is the measure of how much signal attenuation due to multipath and rain fading can be accommodated by the radio system while still achieving a minimum level of performance. In other words, the fade margin is the safety margin against loss of transmission, or transmission outage. 5.1.2.2 Losses Although the atmosphere and terrain over which a radio beam travels have a modifying effect on the loss in a radio path, there is, for a given frequency and distance, a characteristic loss. This loss increases with both distance and frequency. It is known as the free space loss and is given by: A = 96.6 + 20log10F + 20log10D Where, A = free space attenuation between isotropics in dB. F = frequency in GHz. D = path distance in miles. 5.1.2.3 Path Balance Sheet/System Calculations A typical form for recording the gains and losses for a microwave path is shown in Section 5.2.7. Recall that the purpose of this tabulation is to determine the fade margin of the proposed radio system. The magnitude of the fade margin is used in subsequent calculations of path availability (up time). NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Appendix 5-8 The following instructions will aid you in completing the Path Calculation Balance Sheet (see Section 5.2.7): Instructions A. Line 1. Enter the power output of the transmitter in dBm. Examples: 5w = +37.0 dBm, 6.5w = +38.0 dBm, 7w = +38.5 dBm, 8w = +39.0 dBm (dBm = 30 + 10 Log Po [in watts]). B. Lines 2 & 3. Enter Transmitter and Receiver antenna gains over an isotropic source. Refer to the Antenna Gain table below for the power gain of the antenna. Note: If the manufacturer quotes a gain in dBd (referred to a dipole), dBi is approximately dBd +1.1 dB. C. Line 4. Total lines 1, 2, and 3, and enter here. This is the total gain in the proposed system. D. Line 5. Enter amount of free space path loss as determined by the formula given in Section 5.2.2. E. Line 6. Enter the total transmitter transmission line loss. Typical losses can be found in Table 5-3. Table 5-3 Transmission Line Loss FREQUENCY BAND LDF4-50 (per 100 meters) LDF5-50 (per 100 meters) 450 MHz 3.46 dB 2.65 dB 1000 MHz 5.38 dB 4.12 dB 2000 MHz 8.02 dB 6.11 dB 6000 MHz 15.6 dB F. Line 7. Enter the total receiver transmission line loss (see Table 5-3 above). G. Line 8. Enter the total connector losses. A nominal figure of -0.5 dB is reasonable (based on 0.125 dB/mated pair). H. Line 9. Enter all other miscellaneous losses here. Such losses might include power dividers, duplexers, diplexers, isolators, isocouplers, and the like. Losses are up to 1.5 dB per terminal. These only apply for full duplex systems. These depend on the type of filter used. If the bandpass filters are used, the Tx and Rx losses are 0.75 dB. If the Notch filters are used, the losses are 1.5 dB. For even coupler MHSB applications, add 3 dB power divider losses. I. Line 10. Enter obstruction losses due to knife-edge obstructions, etc. J. Line 11. Total lines 5 to 10 and enter here. This is the total loss in the proposed system. K. Line 12. Enter the total gain from line 4. L. Line 13. Enter the total loss from line 11. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 5-9 Appendix M. Line 14. Subtract line 13 from line 12. This is the unfaded signal level to be expected at the receiver. (Convert from dBm to microvolts here for reference). N. Line 15. Using the information found in Table 5-4 and 5-5 below, enter here the minimum signal required for 1x10E-3 BER. Table 5-4.NXE1-20 System Performance vs. Data Rate Data Rate (kbps) 768 1544 2048 Rx signal (dBm), 16 QAM -95 -94 Occupied (FCC) Spectrum (kHz) 200 450 2xE1 4xE1 -93 -90 -87 600 1200 2400 ‡ Due to ETSI sensitivity specifications, this is QPSK mode only. Sensitivity is –102 dBm. For other modulation rates relative to 16 QAM, see Table 5-5. Table 5-5.NXE1-20 Modulation rates relative to 16 QAM Modulation Type Threshold Differential Normalized Bandwidth QPSK -3 dB 2.0 16 QAM 0 dB 1.0 O. Line 16. Subtract line 15 from line 14 and enter here. This is the amount of fade margin in the system. P. Line 17. Enter the Terrain Factor. a (terrain factor) = 4 for smooth terrain. = 1 for average terrain. = 1/4 for mountainous, very rough, or very dry terrain. Q. Line 18. Enter the Climate Factor. b (climate factor) = 1/2 for Gulf coast or similar hot, humid areas. = 1/4 for normal interior temperate or northern regions. = 1/8 for mountainous or very dry areas. R. Line 19. Enter the minimum Annual Outage (from Table 5-6). S. Line 20. Enter the Reliability percentage (from Table 5-6). NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Appendix 5.1.2.4 5-10 Path Availability and Reliability For a given path, the system reliability is generally worked out on methods based on the work of Barnett and Vigants. The presentation here has now been superseded by CCIR 338-6 that establishes a slightly different reliability model. The new model is more difficult to use and, for most purposes, yields very similar results. For mathematical convenience, we will use fractional probability (per unit) rather than percentage probability, and will deal with the unavailability or outage parameter, designated by the symbol U. The availability parameter, for which we use the symbol A, is given by (1-U). Reliability, in percent, as commonly used in the microwave community, is given by 100A, or 100(1-U). Non-Diversity Annual Outages Let Undp be the non-diversity annual outage probability for a given path. We start with a term r, defined by Barnett as follows: r = actual fade probability/Rayleigh fade probability ( =10-F/10) Where, F = fade margin, to the minimum acceptable point, in dB. For the worst month, the fade probability due to terrain is given by: rm = a x 10-5 x (f/4) x D3 Where, D = path length in miles. f = frequency in GHz. a (terrain factor) = 4 for smooth terrain. = 1 for average terrain. = 1/4 for mountainous, very rough, or very dry terrain. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 5-11 Appendix Over a year, the fade probability due to climate is given by: ryr = b x rm Where, b (climate factor) = 1/2 for Gulf coast or similar hot, humid areas. = 1/4 for normal interior temperate or northern regions. = 1/8 for mountainous or very dry areas. By combining the three equations and noting that Undp is equal to the actual fade probability, for a given fade margin F, we can write: Undp = ryr x 10-F/10 = b x rm x 10-F/10 or Undp = a x b x 2.5 x 10-6 x f x 10D3 x 10-F/10 See Table 5-6 for the relationship between system reliability and outage time. Table 5-6 Relationship Between System Reliability & Outage Time RELIABILITY OUTAGE (%) TIME (%) 50 80 90 95 98 99 99.9 99.99 99.999 99.9999 NXE1-20 Digital Radio 100 50 20 10 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 OUTAGE TIME PER: YEAR 8760 4380 1752 876 438 175 88 8.8 53 5.3 32 Hr Hr hr hr hr hr hr hr min min Sec MONTH (Avg.) 720 360 144 72 36 14 43 4.3 26 2.6 hr hr hr hr hr hr hr min min sec sec DAY 24 12 4.8 2.4 1.2 29 14.4 1.44 8.6 0.86 0.086 hr hr hr hr hr min min min sec sec sec 602-95555-01 Rev A Appendix 5.1.2.5 5-12 Methods Of Improving Reliability If adequate reliability cannot be achieved by use of a single antenna and frequency, space diversity or frequency diversity (or both) can be used. To achieve space diversity, two antennas are used to receive the signal. For frequency diversity, transmission is done on two different frequencies. For each case the two received signals will not experience fades at the same time. The exact amount of diversity improvement depends on antenna spacing and frequency spacing. 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 5-13 5.1.2.6 Appendix Path Calculation Balance Sheet Frequency of operation GHz Distance Miles SYSTEM GAINS 1. Transmitter Power Output dBm 2. Transmitter Antenna Gain dBi 3. Receiver Antenna Gain dBi 4. Total Gain (sum of line s 1, 2, 3) dB SYSTEM LOSSES 5. Path loss ( 6. Transmission Line Loss TX (Total Ft 7. miles) dB/100 ft) dB dB dB Transmission Line Loss RX (Total Ft U dB/100 ft) 8. Connector Loss (Total) dB 9. Branching losses dB 10. Obstruction losses dB 11. Total loss (sum of lines 5 through 10) dB SYSTEM CALCULATIONS 12. Total Gain (line 4) dBm 13. Total Loss (line 11) dB 14. Effective Received Signal (line 12-line 13) ( uV) dBm 15. Minimum Signal Required (BER = 1X10E-4) 16. Fade Margin (line 14-line 15) 17. Terrain Factor 18. Climate Factor 19. Annual Outage min. 20. Reliability NXE1-20 Digital Radio dBm dB 602-95555-01 Rev A Appendix 5-14 5.2 Abbreviations & Acronyms A/D, ADC Analog-to-Digital, Analog-to-Digital Converter ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation AES/EBU Audio Engineering Society/European Broadcast Union AGC Auto Gain Control ATM Automatic Teller Machine BER Bit Error Rate CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio Codec Coder-Decoder CPFSK Continuous-Phase Frequency Shift Keying CSU Channel Service Unit D/A, DAC Digital-to-Analog, Digital-to-Analog Converter DB Decibel DBc Decibel relative to carrier DBm Decibel relative to 1 mW DBu Decibel relative to .775 Vrms DCE Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment DSP Digital Signal Processing DSTL Digital Studio -Transmitter Link DTE Data Terminal Equipment DVM Digital Voltmeter EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power EMI Electromagnetic Interference ESD Electrostatic Discharge/Electrostatic Damage FEC Forward Error Correction FET Field effect transistor FMO Frequency Modulation Oscillator FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array FSK Frequency Shift Keying FT1 Fractional T1 IC Integrated circuit IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IF Intermediate frequency IMD Intermodulation Distortion ISDN Integrated-Services Digital Network 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 5-15 Appendix Kbps Kilobits per second KHz Kilohertz LED Light-emitting diode LO, LO1 Local oscillator, first local oscillator LSB Least significant bit Mbps Megabits per second Modem Modulator-demodulator Ms Millisecond MSB Most significant bit MUX Multiplex, Multiplexer µs Microsecond µV Microvolts NC Normally closed NMS Network Management System NO Normally open PCB Printed circuit board PCM Pulse Code Modulation PGM Program PLL Phase-Locked Loop QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Transmission Rate RF Radio Frequency RPTR Repeater RSL Received Signal Level (in dBm) RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator/Indication RX Receiver SCA Subsidiary Communications Authorization SCADA Security Control and Data Acquisition SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SRD Step Recovery Diode STL Studio -Transmitter Link TDM Time Division Multiplexing THD Total harmonic distortion TP Test Point TTL Transistor-transistor logic TX Transmitter NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A Appendix 5-16 Vrms Volts root-mean-square Vp Volts peak Vp-p Volts peak-to-peak VRMS Volts, root-mean-square VSWR Voltage standing-wave ratio ZIN Input Impedance ZOUT Output Impedance 5.3 Conversion Chart microvolts to dBm (impedance = 50 ohms) microvolts dBm microvolts dBm 0.10 -127.0 180 -61.9 0.25 -119.0 200 -61.0 0.50 -113.0 250 -59.0 0.70 -110.1 300 -57.4 1.0 -107.0 350 -56.1 1.4 -104.1 400 -54.9 2.0 -101.0 450 -53.9 2.5 -99.0 500 -53.0 3.0 -97.4 600 -51.4 3.5 -96.1 700 -50.1 4.0 -94.9 800 -48.9 4.5 -93.9 900 -47.9 5.0 -93.0 1,000 -47.0 6.0 -91.4 1,200 -45.4 7.0 -90.1 1,400 -44.1 8.0 -88.9 1,600 -42.9 9.0 -87.9 1,800 -41.9 10 -87.0 2,000 -41.0 11 -86.2 2,500 -39.0 12 -85.4 3,000 -37.4 14 -84.1 3,500 -36.1 16 -82.9 4,000 -34.9 18 -81.9 4,500 -33.9 20 -81.0 5,000 -33.0 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio 5-17 Appendix microvolts dBm microvolts dBm 25 -79.0 6,000 -31.4 30 -77.4 7,000 -30.1 35 -76.1 8,000 -28.9 40 -74.9 9,000 -27.9 45 -73.9 10,000 -27.0 50 -73.0 22.36 mV -20 (10 mW) 60 -71.4 70.7 mV -10(100 mW) 70 -70.1 223.6 mV 80 -68.9 707.1 mV +10 (10mW) 90 -67.9 2.23 V +20(100 mW) 100 -67.0 7.07 V +30 (1 W) 120 -65.4 15.83 V +37 (5 W) 140 -64.1 22.36 V +40 (10 W) 160 -62.9 NXE1-20 Digital Radio (1 mW) 602-95555-01 Rev A
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